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Deleting A Mp3/Wma File; Other Operations; Programmed Playback; Displaying File Information (Id3 Tag) - LG SB156 Owner's Manual
Portable audio
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Deleting a MP3/WMA file
You can delete file, folder or format by pressing
DELETE. (USB only)
1. Press DELETE repeatedly during selecting
the MP3/ WMA file. This function is supported
only in stop status. The display changes in the
following order.
- DELETE? : deletes file
- DEL DIR? : deletes folder
- FORMAT? : formats USB
2. To select "YES" or "NO", press Y/U on
the unit or Cc/vV on the remote
control or rotate FILE SEARCH.
3. To delete file/folder or format, press SELECT on
the unit.
4. If you want to exit the current mode, press Z
on the remote control or I/PRE - on the unit.
y Do not extract the USB device during
operation.(play, delete, etc.)
y Regular back up is recommended to
prevent data loss.
y The delete function may not be supported
according to the USB status. (lock, etc.)
SB156-F0U_ADEULLK_ENG.indd 11
Other Operations
Programmed Playback
The program function enables you to store your
favorite files from any disc or USB device.
A program can contain 20 tracks.
1. Insert a CD or USB and wait for it to be order.
2. Press PROGRAM/MEMO on the remote control
in stop status.
3. Press Y/U on the unit or
Cc/vV on the romote control or
rotate FILE SEARCH in stop status.
4. Press PROGRAM/MEMO again to save and
select a next track.
5. Press d/M on the remote control or T/PRE +
or SELECT on the unit to play the programmed
music files.
6. To clear your selection, press Z on the remote
control or I/PRE - on the unit twice.
The programs are also cleared when the disc
or USB device is removed, the unit is powered
off or the function is switched to others.
Displaying file information
While playing an MP3 file containing file
information, you can display the information by
pressing INFO.
Turn off the sound temporarily
Press @ MUTE to mute your unit.
You can mute your unit, for example, to answer the
telephone, the "MUTE" is displayed in the display
2013-03-29 �� 10:26:32
 Related Manuals for LG SB156


text: We study variational problems with volume constraints, i.e., with level sets of prescribed measure. We introduce a numerical method to approximate local minimizers and illustrate it with some two-dimensional examples. We demonstrate numerically nonexistence results which had been obtained analytically in previous work. Moreover, we show the existence of discontinuous dependence of global minimizers from the data by using a $\Gamma$-limit argument and illustrate this with numerical computations. Finally we construct explicitly local and global minimizers for problems with two volume constraints.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


LinkingObjects
@frozen
public struct LinkingObjects<Element> : RealmCollectionImpl where Element : RLMObjectBase, Element : RealmCollectionValue
extension LinkingObjects: RealmSubscribable
extension LinkingObjects: LinkingObjectsProtocol
LinkingObjects is an auto-updating container type. It represents zero or more objects that are linked to its owning model object through a property relationship.
LinkingObjects can be queried with the same predicates as List<Element> and Results<Element>.
LinkingObjects always reflects the current state of the Realm on the current thread, including during write transactions on the current thread. The one exception to this is when using for...in enumeration, which will always enumerate over the linking objects that were present when the enumeration is begun, even if some of them are deleted or modified to no longer link to the target object during the enumeration.
LinkingObjects can only be used as a property on Object models.
Initializers
 - Creates an instance of a LinkingObjects. This initializer should only be called when declaring a property on a Realm model.
 Declaration
 Swift
 public init(fromType _: Element.Type, property propertyName: String)
 Parameters
 type
 The type of the object owning the property the linking objects should refer to.
 propertyName
 The property name of the property the linking objects should refer to.
 - A human-readable description of the objects represented by the linking objects.
 Declaration
 Swift
 public var description: String { get }
Object Retrieval
 - Returns the object at the given index.
 Declaration
 Swift
 public subscript(index: Int) -> Element { get }
 Parameters
 index
 The index.
Equatable
 - Declaration
 Swift
 public static func == (lhs: LinkingObjects<Element>, rhs: LinkingObjects<Element>) -> Bool
LinkingObjects
 - A publisher that emits Void each time the collection changes.
 Despite the name, this actually emits after the collection has changed.
 Declaration
 Swift
 public var objectWillChange: RealmPublishers.WillChange<LinkingObjects> { get }


text: What's the shortest distance between two points? This multi-page worksheet will help your child with her pencil-control skills by having her draw a straight line between two points. To complete this exercise your child will need to use her fine-motor skills to trace a line between two animals. In the first two activities she will practice her skills at drawing vertical lines. The second two activities she will practice her skills at drawing horizontal lines. This activity will help prepare your child for writing letters.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


This is the second installment of Afton's blog series, "Lessons Learned from the Raising Blended Learners Initiative in Texas," where we share our experiences, findings, and thought evolution over the course of the RBL initiative.
After reading this blog, the reader will:
 1. Understand the benefit of providing in-person financial workshops to grant applicants
 2. Understand how finance involvement in these workshops can benefit grant teams
 3. Understand the approach for Raising Blended Learners ("RBL") finance sessions
 4. Be able to apply RBL finance session activities to their own teams
Why host a finance workshop early in the school design process?
In 2016, Afton facilitated over 30 workshops with school teams that were in the process of building business plans to support blended learning at their district or network. These workshops were intended to:
 - Build teamwork and relationships between academic and financial leadership
 - Reinforce the importance of considering financial sustainability early in the planning process
 - Identify potential policy, process or other finance-related roadblocks, and identify potential solutions with the right people in the room.
The workshops. School teams of five to ten members, including teachers, principals, administration and finance staff and leadership participated in intensive two-day sessions led by Raise Your Hand Texas (RYHT) and CA Group. As part of these sessions, Afton facilitated a 50-minute station rotation on financial sustainability. Having cross-functional team members attend the finance session established the right expectation that finance is not something that is done in isolation, and it promoted the right mindset that academic planning and financial planning should be supportive of each other – bridging what is typically a pervasive gap. Due to the diverse array of participants, Afton purposefully avoided focusing on spreadsheets and financial data, and rather focused on financial conditions for success. To achieve this, the workshop included:
 - An overview of the mission and purpose of the RYHT grant, and how finance supports these goals
 - A "walking activity" which we called the "financial pulse check" to allow teams to collectively and individually react to certain statements about financial readiness, including financial planning and policies
 - A group discussion about the activity and how it impacted their planned school design or pilot plan, and risks and opportunities it highlighted for the team to consider and address
The outcomes. The finance representative from each team typically started as the lead in these workshops, though by the end all team members participated in the discussion. The purpose of this exercise was to build a knowledge base upon which to construct a financial plan. By using a common set of data from the exercise, teams identified implementation challenges or clarifications necessary as they built their long-term implementation plans.
Another benefit of the team composition was that finance staff could attend other workshops and sessions that were focused on the academic models that were being developed by the school teams. Afton's session was only a small part of this immersive experience for financial leadership.
Lessons learned. Fifty minutes isn't enough time to move the needle, but it can be a start. The real opportunity is for academic and finance teams to continually work together on the new school model. Best practice districts continue to work together even after the launch of the new school model.
Innovative education models require innovative financial thinking, but sometimes there are long-held assumptions about finance or how financial planning ought to be done that are quite difficult to change in fifty-minute sessions. We have found that there are some cases where cross-functional teams are not clearly aligned with the finance representative on approach and the role of finance. Having a finance group discussion ahead of these cross-functional sessions may have been beneficial.
Because finance and academic representatives from each team came together, implementation issues were identified during the sessions that impacted school design. Finance discussions tend to focus on specific funding sources and/or uses of resources that surfaced several clarifications, including the type of devices used and procurement processes (and potential bottlenecks). For example, one seemingly coordinated district realized at the workshop table that central office was planning for two grade levels of implementation, and the principal thought it was three grade levels. Another district's central office participants felt school leaders had the autonomy they needed to implement the plan, but the school leaders at the table disagreed.
Maintaining the momentum. Team work doesn't end after the launch of an innovative school model. Academic and finance representatives must continue to work as a team as they put their new school design into practice and refine school and district plans to fund blended learning initiatives with and without grant funding.
Check out the other posts from our blog series, Lessons Learned from the Raising Blended Learners Initiative in Texas:
Raising Blended Learners ("RBL") is a statewide initiative demonstrating the ability to use blended learning strategies to improve student achievement across diverse student demographics and geographic regions in Texas. Four school districts and one charter network received up to $500,000 in grant funding and comprehensive implementation supports after a competitive consideration process; these organizations, called demonstration sites, will serve as proof points for the effective implementation of blended learning. Fifteen additional districts/networks were selected as pilot sites and are receiving comprehensive implementation supports but no incremental funding; these sites will further promote the expansion of blended learning statewide and contribute toward learning. Afton Partners is supporting this initiative as financial and sustainability planning experts within the comprehensive implementation supports available to the districts and networks.


text:
Like it or lump it
Said of an unpleasant outcome that one has no choice but to accept - one can either endure it willingly or endure it with suffering.
When we are given a fait accompli in a situation in which we would normally expect some sort of choice, we might not be too pleased about it. We may then be told to 'like it or lump it'. Had the expression been coined in the 16th century this is no doubt what Thomas Hobson would have said to his prospective customers when he offered them 'Hobson's choice'.
But how exactly do we 'lump' something? Although 'lump' is almost always used as a noun rather than a verb, there are many meanings of the verb form of 'lump' to choose from:
- To bet all of one's money on a single wager (first recorded in the 19th century)
- To make something into a lump (18th century)
- To classify various things as a group, i.e. lump them together (17th century)
- To slouch along lazily (17th century)
- To look sulky or disagreeable (16th century)
Of course, it is the last of these lumps that is the alternative to 'like it'.
'Lumping' in the sense of mooching about grumpily may well be of Irish origin and is first recorded in Richard Stanyhurst's Treatise Describing Irelande, 1577. The Dublin born Stanyhurst risked the wrath of his contemporaries by suggesting that the English rule in Ireland wasn't the source of all their troubles:
Here percase some snappish carper will snuffinglie snib me for debasing the Irish language: because that by proofe and experience we see, that the pale was neuer in more florishing estate than when it was wholie English, and neuer in woorsse plight than since it hath infranchised the Irish. But some will saie, that I shew my selfe herein as friuolous... They stand lumping and lowring, fretting and fuming.
[Note: Stanyhurst's expressive phrase'snuffingly snib' means'rebuke in a snorting manner'.]
[Note: see also 'Beyond the pale'.]
Soon afterwards, in 1581, Barnaby Rich used the term in Farewell to Military Profession:
She beganne to froune, lumpe, and lowre at her housebande.
Rich was a naval captain and undoubtedly English, but most of his writing related to Ireland and he moved to Dublin to write on his retirement from the Navy.
People had been lumping it for a few hundred years before anyone thought of the phrase 'like it or lump it'. A play on words between the noun and verb usages of the word lump was what brought it about. The early uses of the expression refer to things that have lumps in them, as in this example from the London magazine The Monthly Mirror, 1807, in a piece titled Rules For Punning:
Mrs....purposely sends a dish of tea to a lady, without sugar, of which she complains.
Mr....(Handing the sugar basin) - Well, ma'am, if you don't like it, you may lump it.
The English love of wordplay is long lasting, some might say chronic, and Zadie Smith made the same little joke in her novel White Teeth, 2000:
We're all English now, mate. Like it or lump it, as the rhubarb said to the custard.
The first example that I can find of the precise 'like it or lump it' wording of the expression is in Specimens, 1841, Josiah Shippey's book of morally uplifting essays, which were delivered in the form of tortured rhyming couplets, worthy of William McGonagall:
Yet his merit, though some may be ignorant of it,
And as he by it wishes each one may profit;
Imperiously forces, or like it or lump it,
Himself, honest fellow, to blow his own trumpet.


text:
Leonardo DiCaprio is a renowned actor who has captivated audiences with his exceptional talent and stunning performances. Despite his Italian-sounding name, there is a common misconception that he is an Italian immigrant. Let's dive deeper into the truth behind this speculation.
The Early Life of Leonardo DiCaprio
Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio was born on November 11, 1974, in Los Angeles, California. His parents are George DiCaprio and Irmelin Indenbirken. Although his surname sounds Italian, Leonardo's ancestry does have Italian roots.
Fun fact: Leonardo's father is of half German and half Italian descent.
The Italian Connection
While the DiCaprio family name sounds unmistakably Italian, it is essential to note that Leonardo himself was born and raised in the United States. His paternal grandparents, Salvatore DiCaprio and Rosina Casella, were both of Italian heritage.
Note: Leonardo's grandmother Rosina Casella migrated from Italy to the United States during her childhood.
The Real Immigration Story
Despite the mistaken belief that Leonardo himself is an immigrant, it was actually his maternal grandparents who immigrated to the United States from Germany and Russia. His maternal grandfather came from Germany while his maternal grandmother hailed from Russia.
The Influence of Ancestry
Although not an immigrant himself, it is clear that Leonardo DiCaprio's diverse heritage has played a significant role in shaping his identity and artistic expression. He embraces his Italian ancestry as part of his cultural heritage while remaining deeply connected to his American upbringing.
In conclusion, while Leonardo DiCaprio's surname may give the impression of Italian heritage, he is not an Italian immigrant. Leonardo's grandparents, specifically his paternal grandmother, had Italian origins.
However, it is important to note that Leonardo himself was born and raised in the United States. Nonetheless, his diverse ancestry has undoubtedly influenced his life and career, contributing to his incredible performances and broad appeal.


text:
PUBG (PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds) is a popular online multiplayer battle royale game that can have various side effects on players. Some potential side effects of PUBG include:
- Addiction: PUBG can be highly addictive, leading players to spend excessive amounts of time playing the game and neglecting other important aspects of their life, such as work, school, and social relationships.
- Aggressive behavior: The intense and competitive nature of PUBG can cause players to become more aggressive, both in-game and in real life, which can lead to conflicts and negative consequences.
- Poor physical health: Playing PUBG for long periods can lead to physical health problems, such as eye strain, headaches, back pain, and poor posture.
- Poor mental health: Excessive gaming can negatively impact mental health, leading to issues such as anxiety, depression, and social isolation.
- Disturbed sleep patterns: Playing PUBG late at night or for long periods can disrupt sleep patterns, leading to insomnia, fatigue, and decreased productivity.


text:
Known Rainfall allow the flexibility of analyzing unique hyetograph data and historical rainfall gauge data.
Add - Adds a new row to the table and displays the rainfall record form ready for the rainfall data to be entered.
Edit - Allows the current selected rainfall record to be edited. The rainfall record form is displayed so that the rainfall data can be changed.
Delete - Deletes the currently selected rainfall record from the table.
Clear All - Clears ALL of the records from the table.
Use - Checkbox to indicate is the event should be run as part of the analysis.
Label - The label to be used for the storm, which will be shown on the results and Storm Selector.
Duration - Length of the rainfall event entered.
Run Time - The length of the analysis that will be run. Typically this will be length of the rainfall record entered, however this can be overruled by entering your own run time manually. Setting the Run Time to 0 will un-tick Use so the event is not run.
The Rainfall Record form allows a Rainfall event to be entered manually or loaded from file.
The rainfall record can have variable time steps and cover a period of over 100 years, and it can be entered/loaded as Depth or Intensity values. When showing intensity values the time step for a value is taken as the time between the current value and the next.
The following list shows an example data set:
|Time (min)||Depth (mm)||Calculated time Step (min)||Intensity (mm/hr)|
If the last value is not zero its time step is taken as the time to the previous value.
New - Allows a new rainfall record to be created based on a duration and a fixed time step. The following items describe the values that can be entered on the calculator form that appears.
Duration - the event duration.
Time Step - the record time step. Time Step must be less than or equal to the Duration. If Time Step is not an integer division of the Duration then the longest storm less than the Duration is created. This form can only be used to create fixed interval events.
Start Date - Start date of the event. This can be left blank.
Start Time - Start time of the event. If Start Date is blank this value is ignored.
Load - Allows a rainfall record to be loaded from file. These include:
Rainfall File (.idredx) - The InfoDrainage file format for rainfall records.
- XPDRAINAGE Rainfall File (.xpredx) - The XPDRAINAGE file format for rainfall records.
- Micro Drainage Rainfall File (.redx) - The Micro Drainage file format for rainfall records.
Text File (.csv,.txt) - Allows rainfall data to be loaded from comma separate files via the Universal importer.
Excel File (.xls,.xlsx) - Allows rainfall data to be loaded from Microsoft Excel format.
BoM 6Min Pluviograph (.plu, .txt) - (Australian) Bureau of Meteorology rainfall file.
- UK Rainfall File (.red) - The RED (Rainfall) File Format file format for rainfall records.
Save - Save the current rainfall event to .idredx file so it can be reused elsewhere.
This is the label given to the rainfall record. i.e. 30 minute storm. If the data is created from the New option, the Label is set to the duration. If the data is loaded from a file the Label is set to the data file name.
Shows the data in a paged format which can be edited, or as a graph.
- Time - Shows the data time value. The time format is adjusted depending on the Duration and Start Date/Time values. The format used is shown at the bottom of the spreadsheet.
- Depth/Intensity - Shows the data value. This can be edited within the range shown at the bottom of the form.
Graph - Shows the current data page as Depth/Intensity against time.
Start Date - Start date of the event. Clicking the Select a date button will show a calendar form.
Start Time - Start time of the event. Clicking the Select a time button will show a time selector form.
Run Time - The event duration that will be used for analysis. By default this value set to the event duration. If Run Time is zero the event will not be used by analysis.
Show as - The data can be viewed as Depth or Intensity values. Changing this setting also sets how the data is plotted on the Print form.


text:
Muzundrum is a "game of musicians". In the standard game, players take turns rolling 12-sided (dodecahedral) dice that contain one of the twelve tones in standard Western music and attempting to place the die on the board to form chords and scales from standard tonal music theory. For example, if a player rolls a G, he or she can place it next to a C and E on the board to form a C-major triad.
There are of course many variations on the game. And the twelve sided dice can also be interesting tools for chance compositions or guided improvisation.
We now have a pair of sample dice here at CatSynth HQ:
The black die has the standard tones as described above, while the white has the solfege syllables do, re, mi, fa, so, etc.


text:
Department of Computer Engineering, Islamic Azad University of Qazvin, Qazvin, Iran
In static scheduling problem, where there is no change in situation, the challenge is that the large problems can be solved in a short time. In this paper, the Static Scheduling problem of Automated Guided Vehicles in container terminal is solved by the Network Simplex Algorithm (NSA). The algorithm is based on graph model and their performances are at least 100 times faster than traditional simplex algorithm for Linear Programs. Many random data are generated and fed to the model for 50 vehicles. The results show that NSA is fast and efficient. It is found that, in practice, NSA takes polynomial time to solve problems in this application.


How to install Insync in Solus
Insync is a cross platform Google Drive client
It's possible to sync local or symlinked directories with your Google Drive or OneDrive using insync, third-party software available for Windows, macOS, and Linux. Maintaining a connection to Google Drive is now easy and efficient. Data stored in Google Drive may be accessed immediately, and the software ensures that it is constantly in sync. Although it's a paid service, Linux users love it because it is easy to set up.
Solus (formerly Evolve OS) is a Linux-based operating system for the x86-64 architecture created in-house. Users can select between the Budgie desktop environment, GNOME, MATE, and KDE Plasma as their desktop environment.
Installing Insync in Solus
Before delving into this article guide, it is vital to highlight the necessary prerequisites needed to get going.
Prerequisites
 1. Solus Operating system or a VirtualBox containing Solus.
 2. Terminal
 3. Internet access
Once you have assembled the necessary prerequisites, you can proceed and install insync. However, if you have not installed or virtualized Solus, check out this brief installation guide to help you.
Quick summary of installing Solus
Follow the steps provided here to install or virtualize Solus:
Step 1: Go to _URL_ and download your desired ISO package
Step 2: Install VMware or VirtualBox, depending on your preference
Step 3: Launch the VirtualBox/VMware software and create a new virtual machine.
Step 4: During the software selection process, choose 'Fedora' and locate your downloaded ISO package.
Step 5: Once you have set the preferences as you deem fit, continue with the installation process. This entire process will take a while to complete. Be patient until you get a 'Restart now' prompt.
Step 6: Restart your virtual machine and enjoy using Solus.
I hope this short illustration guide helped you accomplish this task. However, if it did not, don't freak out. Check out this detailed guide on how to install Solus.
Now that we are done with Solus installation, it is time to focus on installing insync on our Solus operating system.
Note: Solus' package manager is eopkg, based on PiSi (Packages Installed Successfully as Intended), a package manager created for Pardus, a Debian-based distribution supported by the Turkish government. Because it was fashioned from the ground up, the amount of packages accessible in its repository is restricted, in contrast to Arch and Arch-based distros like Manjaro, which include AUR. However, it also supports Flatpak and Snap packages. If you want to utilize a graphical interface to manage the software installed, there is a Software Center that you can access via the icons next to the menu.
How to install insync in Solus
Below is a step-by-step tutorial guide to aid in completing the installation of insync on your Solus operating system.
Step 1: Launch the terminal using the 'menu section' as illustrated below:
launch terminal
Launch terminal
Step 2: The command provided herein will download the insync installer from the Solus GitHub official page.
Note: Ensure to copy and paste the command to avoid running into unprecedented errors.
sudo eopkg bi --ignore-safety _URL_
download insync files
Download insync files
Step 3: After successfully downloading the insync installer, execute the line of code below to install the downloaded installer file:
sudo eopkg it insync-3.7.11.50381-83-1-x86_64.eopkg
install downloaded isync file
Install the downloaded insync file
That's all. By now, insync should have been installed on your Solus operating system. You can locate it in the programs section.
locate installed insync software
Locate installed insync software
How to uninstall insync from solus
If you are done using the software and wish to uninstall it, don't freak out, as the process is as simple as abc. All you need to do is launch the terminal and execute the following command to get rid of insync:
sudo rm insync-3.7.11.50381-83-1-x86_64.eopkg
Conclusion
Although insync is a paid service, most Linux users love the software due to its astonishing flawless and easy-to-use interface. It is a perfect alternative to Gnome online accounts that will ease your work. This article has provided an in-depth, step-by-step installation procedure. We hope you found it helpful.
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text:
You're Not Nuts, Squirrels Are Extra Fat This Year
If squirrels have seemed a bit chunkier this winter, it's probably because they actually are.
The reason for the recent thickening is simple. According to experts in North Americaand Britain, unseasonably warm weather has given squirrels in both regions more time to find food, leading to localized populations of double-wide nut hunters in cities like Toronto and Cardiff.
"We have had a really warm November," David Sugarman of the Ontario Science Centre told Metro Toronto. "Naturally, if you're an animal that's got to make it through the winter with little or no food, you want to pack in as much as fat as possible."
In the United Kingdom, last month wasn't just the warmest December on record but also the wettest, resulting in increased production of squirrel favorites like acorns.
"It's been a very odd, unusual year," naturalist Iolo Williams told the BBC. "Squirrels will eat anything, they are omnivores, so I would imagine [non-native] grey squirrels unfortunately will do very well this winter."
Luckily, squirrels self-regulate their body weight and this year's extra ounces are unlikely to have any lasting health effects.
"If the squirrel were able to stay chubby all year round, it might decrease its longevity," said Sugarman. "But eventually the snow is going to come, the cold weather will increase and they're going to burn off some of that extra fat."
In the Southern United States, however, this winter has actually been colder than usual due to El Niño. So if southern squirrel watchers spot an impressively pudgy specimen, it's probably just because everything's bigger in Texas.


MONCTON, N.B. -- At Moncton's Magnetic Hill Zoo, there's no shortage of things to see. From omnivores to herbivores, the zoo draws in hundreds of thousands of people every year.
The director of the zoo, Jill Marvin, hopes to create an even bigger draw by adding an African safari-themed expansion.
"We'll have African black-footed penguins in a new exhibit, then they will go off into the large Africa area, we have new habitats going up for our meerkats, for our that's phase one," says Marvin.
Marvin says phase one is estimated at $7.6 million and the goal is to have it completed by 2024.
"Sixty per cent of that is providing suitable habitats for our animals," said Marvin.
The zoo is looking to collaborate with the city, and the federal and provincial governments, on the project.
On Monday, Moncton city council directed staff to gather further information, including an economic impact study, preliminary design, and detailed cost estimates, to be brought back during the upcoming 2022 budget deliberations.
"They understand how this is a value to our region, it's a value to tourism, to our social pillar, and a great opportunity for people to get outdoors," says Marvin.
If approved, it would allow the zoo to expand and renovate current animal exhibits, while adding new exhibits for species like penguins and meerkats.
Over time, the project would include additional indoor habitats for animals that can't be exposed to colder temperatures, which will also extend the number of months that the zoo can be open.
The second phase is estimated to cost $11.2 million and has several elements, including providing the flamingos and otters with new habitats. Marvin says they'd like to see that completed by 2027.
"It will give an opportunity for our visitors to go out into some of our enclosures with our herbivores."
Marvin says the third phase will include a new events building and exhibits to house red river hogs and a giraffe.


text:
My query SELECTs 1 row from table1, which has a number of fields plus one very long text field. It JOINs with a second table2, that may have many matching corresponding rows. I would like to be able to spread the long text field, from table1, out over multiple lines (the number determined by the matching rows in table2).
In the table above there is one row from Table1 where the key is table1_key = 'DU' and year = '2017'. Then there are four rows from Table2 with matching keys that include the programme_code and course_code. The field long_text_field, which I want to spread over multiple lines, comes from Table1.
Is it possible to extract a total row count for records that have been selected for output and still output the rows? Meaning that I want to see a count of 4 from the above and be able to work with this number in the displayed output. So that the result looks something like this:

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Function Call Color (typescript / javascript)
#1
Hi There:
New to Atom. It seems great. Right now, however, my function calls (in Typescript, also seems to be the case in Javascript) do not have any coloring effect. They are plain black, as opposed to, say, in Sublime Text, where they are green. Seems to be the case in any theme I use–atom-default or separately installed.
For example, in the following code (in a typescript file):
ngOnInit(){
 function greatFunction(){
 }
}
the words "ngOnInit" and "greatFunction" are plain black, instead of some other distinguishing color. How can I change the color of the function calls?
By the way, I have downloaded atom-typescript, and it seems to otherwise be working fine.
Thanks!
#2
Hi there, welcome to Atom!
In Atom (and Sublime Text I believe) syntax highlighting is a two part process. For effective syntax colours, you need:
 - A grammar package (ones with the name language-something; a JavaScript one is built in)
 - A theme
The grammar package is responsible for giving each character a set of scopes. These scopes represent information about the character. For example, characters in a JS comment might have the scope comment.line.js. You can check the scope of a character by running Editor: Log Cursor Scope in the command palette.
By themselves, scopes don't do anything. However, your theme will have a bunch of rules that link colours to specific sets of scopes. For example, there may be a rule that says comments (scopes that start with comment) should be italicised grey. Likewise, there could be a rule that colours the entity.name.function scope a certain way.
In fact, the built in one-dark-syntax theme has a rule for this.
.syntax--entity {
 &.syntax--name.syntax--function {
 color: @hue-2;
 }
It's a little hard to read, but basically just ignore the syntax-- parts and see that it's giving the @hue-2 colour (defined elsewhere) to entity.name.function.
With your code, this theme makes it look like the following (regular text colour is white):
49%20am
In your case, (assuming you are using language-js) it seems the theme you are using does not have support for this scope. As I've shown, one-dark-syntax supports it quite well. If you prefer light themes, there is one-light-syntax (also a builtin). I have not tested with language-typescript, but I believe it also has scopes for the function names.
Check your current theme to see if the author intentionally limited the variety of colours (so-called 'minimalistic' themes). If not, you might want to raise an issue on their GitHub repo, and let them respond.
#3
Thank you for this excellent explanation. That clarifies a bunch for me. Unfortunately, the function calls continue to not be highlighted. I have reviewed my packages, and I have a variety of language packages, like "language-javascript" and "language-typescript". I have also switched to the "one-dark-syntax" theme.
Still, the code does not show up for me like it does in your screen shot. For me, the words "ngOnInit" and "greatFunction" continue to be in plain text color (gray in the one-dark-syntax theme). The word "function" is purple, but no action on the others.
#4
Can you post a screenshot of what you see? I think you can just drag the image into the comment box, and it will automatically upload it.
#5
Sure. Here is a snippet of the typescript file:
#6
OK, it seems TypeScript scoping is a little strange. I don't use it, so I can't really tell / explain what's happening, but you can try adding the following to your styles.less file:
atom-text-editor .syntax--meta.syntax--definition.syntax--function {
 color: /* the colour */
}
It's a little buggy for me (e.g. let x = function() {}), but work reasonably well. Change the colour to anything you like, and I believe there are some named variables that match colours in your current theme.
#7
Thanks! That worked for most of the themes I have, so definitely a step up. That has helped me a long way. Would you happen to know what the css reference is for function arguments?
(and I think I will leave it there for questions for today.)
#8
such as the word "input" in
function greatFunction(input){
}
#9
Put your cursor somewhere on input and then run the Editor: Log Cursor Scope command from the Command Palette. The last one in the list is the most specific one.
#10
Thanks. Result:
Scopes at Cursor
source.ts
variable.other.readwrite.ts
#11
With the scope reference in hand, what is the css reference I use to adjust that attribute?
#12
.variable.other.readwrite.ts {
 color: #FFFFFF;
}
#13
Thanks for all the help. At this stage, that is not working. I wonder if there is a deeper setting issue with my typescript. Several of the elements of the page (the functions, parameters, variable declarations) seem to be acting strangely in terms of theme colors. I'll probably look around a bit further. If anyone has seen things that cause typescript files to be read strangely in atom, I would appreciate if you would let me know. This is a brand new build of atom (yesterday), with updated package versions.
I have downloaded just two packages: atom-typescript and platform-ide-terminal. Downloaded a lot of themes. And otherwise have the default Core Packages, like the "languages" packages.
#14
My bad, I got distracted and completely forgot about a quirk of how Atom's stylesheets are namespaced. For all the classes inside a TextEditor, they're prefixed with syntax--. So try this:
.syntax--variable.syntax--ts {
 color: #FFFFFF;
}
#15
Thanks. That did it.
#16
How did you figure out how to put the scope definition into css (ie less)?
For example, I am looking to change the css of an item scoped as:
meta.class.ts
keyword.control.export.ts
I have tried taking that and putting it into the .syntax–meta.syntax-- … format with various combos in css but no luck so far.
Is there somewhere I can look that up?
#17
You can take a look at the exact DOM structure by opening the developer tools (View -> Developer -> Toggle Developer Tools) and searching for the text in question. I think I can guess at what you'll find, though. .syntax--meta.syntax--class has two class names and isn't very specific. Lots of things are going to be under meta.class.ts, and many of those things will have colors applied. Since keyword.control.export.ts is inside meta.class.ts, anything that applies color to .syntax--keyword will override the parent .syntax--meta.syntax--class styling.
#18
That got me just what I wanted here. Thanks. I wanted to italicize different properties that, it turns, out, are "keywords".
So this is working:
 .syntax--keyword {
 font-style: italic;
 }


text:
Definition of Africanize
verb [with object]
1make African in character: (as adjective Africanized)an Africanized form of Cajun music (in Africa) restructure (an organization) by replacing white employees with black Africans.
(usually as adjective Africanized
) hybridize (honeybees of European stock) with bees of African stock, producing an aggressive strain. In recent years hybrids have spread from Brazil to the US, where they have become known colloquially as "killer bees.".


text: Existing conceptual design methods mainly focus on component modeling and representation, which makes them insufficient to help in the conceptual design stage. Port ontology, as an approach to formally expressing product design, has been effectively applied to concept description of a product. An incidence matrix support for product conceptual design based on port ontology is given in this paper. It formally represents and organizes product information in both functional ontology and physical domain in a hierarchy. Port compatibilities are used to map and link the two components. This makes it possible to build incidence matrix and decompose it into an independence matrix, and allow designers from different backgrounds with various interests to access the design ontology. A multilevel matrix is constructed to generate principle schemes of products at different levels of abstraction, which facilitates design decision-making through the whole conceptual design stage. A case study is also given to demonstrate the proposed approach.


text:
Mysql Lpad Function is used to add padding to the left end of the string.The Function stopped the combination of string and added padding if it reached the length character. Incase the string is shorter than the length,the string will be shortened from the left and will go with the specified length constraint.The padding can be any character.
Understand with example
The Tutorial understand an example from 'Mysql Lpad Function'.To understand this example we use the given below syntax:
Query to use Lpad Function:-
The Query below return you the all the letters of roseindia.net and are padded with 2 # to the left of the LPAD.
mysql> select LPAD('Roseindia.net',15,'#')as LPAD;
+-----------------+ | LPAD | +-----------------+ | ##Roseindia.net | +-----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
If you are facing any programming issue, such as compilation errors or not able to find the code you are looking for.
Ask your questions, our development team will try to give answers to your questions.


text:
BILLINGS, Mont. (AP) -- Researchers from Montana State University say population densities around national parks including Yellowstone and Glacier increased dramatically in recent decades.
The researchers say population densities rose 246 percent around Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks from 1940 to 2000.
Population density rose 210 percent around Glacier National Park in that time.
But MSU ecologist Andrew Hansen says that growth is on the low end compared to some other parks. For example, the population density around Mojave National Preserve in California is up by almost 3,000 percent.
Hansen and co-author Cory Davis are publishing their findings in Ecological Applications, a journal published by the Ecological Society of America.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Hopefully this is simple - I DataBind a bunch of labels and text controls in a Silverlight application (to DependencyProperties that I create in my class), but of course the text is empty at design time.
I'd still like to have an idea of how this will be laid out; is there a way to specify a design-time value, even though it's databound?
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up vote 4 down vote accepted
The feature you're looking for is Expression Blend Sample Data. Sample Data allows you to specify a Design Time data source that has some sample fields in it (names, addresses, numbers, images, hierarchies, etc).
Here's a good introduction article: _URL_
And here's a collection of links on Sample data: _URL_
The core of Sample Data is you use build a mock design time datasource in blend (shaped like your data types), define the type of sample data and the bindings get evaluated to give you a meaningful design time experience.
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Food for Fort: On soya cream and Freedom Food
Can I use soya cream instead of double cream in a quiche? Plus what, exactly, is Freedom Food?
Can you really make a decent quiche without using double cream? Photograph: Colin Campbell for the Guardian
I made my first quiche the other night. Next time, can I substitute soya cream or something similar for the double cream in most recipes? I know it sounds awful, but I want to have my quiche and eat it, too.
It's not something I'd do myself, but having consulted several authorities on the subject, there's no reason you can't substitute soya cream for double cream (or a mixture of tofu and soya cream, to produce the fluffy effect you get from cream). It won't have the same taste or texture of a classic quiche but, yes, you can have your quiche and eat it.
What, exactly, is Freedom Food? It's an increasingly popular label, yet seems to be shy of being free-range.
Freedom Food is a scheme introduced by the RSPCA in 1994. The five basic criteria are: freedom from hunger and thirst; freedom from discomfort; freedom from pain, injury or disease; freedom to express normal behaviour; freedom from fear and distress. It is designed to ensure that animals reared for food are treated to specified welfare standards. Free-range and organic practices are not part of the criteria. For some animal rights organisations, those standards do not go far enough; others say they tacitly endorse meat consumption. There have been criticisms, too, that the scheme has cost implications for the foods labelled, and that there may be a gap between the rules and their enforcement. On the other hand, you could say that it shines like a beacon in a world fed through dubious farming practices.
Got a culinary query for Matthew? Email Visit Matthew's blog, Fort on Food


The Data Repository CRUD Tool enables you to update data set records in the connected data repository during your testing activities.
Native CRUD tool versus the CRUD extension
The Data Repository CRUD Tool Extension also allows you to manipulate data in a data repository, but requires additional configuration that is not required with this tool.
In this section:
Introduction
The Data Repository CRUD tool is intended to help you automate actions that require data in the repository to be modified, such as changing the value of account balances in a banking application. It can perform the following operations on records in your data repository:
 - delete data set records
 - update existing data set records
 - create new data set records
The primary use-case is to add the tool as an output to your Message Responder and configure operations to perform on the data when a message is sent to the virtual asset. You can manually configure the tool operation settings or script changes to record values before updating the data repository.
General Configuration
 1. Right-click on your responder and choose Add Output...
 2. Select an incoming request type in the wizard and choose Data Repository CRUD Tool.
 3. Click Finish and specify a name for the tool (optional).
 4. Click Add in the Configuration tab and specify name for the operation (optional).
 5. Enable the CreateUpdate, or Delete option.
 6. Choose the data repository data source you want to perform the operation on from the Data Source drop-down menu.
 7. Click Add in the Correlation section and specify the correlation columns and values of the data set records that you want to manipulate. See Data Source Correlation Tab for details on how to configure data source correlation criteria.
 8. Configure the specific settings for CreateUpdate, or Delete operations and save your changes.
 9. You can add additional configurations so that you can perform multiple operations on multiple fields in the same execution.
 10. Deploy your responder and execute your client to perform the operations you configured on the connected repository.
Create Configuration
Specify your method for creating new records in the Create settings section.
Complex Values
The Complex option enables you to manually enter the new structure and value.
 1. Click Edit JSON to open an editor for specifying the record. A JSON template of the record structure will be pre-populated by default.
 2. Choose the Form JSON view or Literal view from the Input Mode drop-down. The Form JSON is selected by default.
 3. Specify the values and click OK. You can also click Reset Template to reset the form based on the existing JSON structure.
 The Form JSON view also supports cut, copy, delete, and insert action from the right-click menu.

 4. Click OK. The Value field will show a preview of the JSON.

Scripted Values
You can also choose Scripted and construct the JSON payload through scripting
See スクリプトを使用した拡張機能の基礎 for additional information.
Parameterized Values
If your tool is connected to a data bank tool, you can choose Parameterized and choose extracted values from the drop-down menu (also see 別のツールから抽出した値でツールをパラメータライズ (Virtualize) or 別のツールから抽出した値でツールをパラメータライズ (SOAtest)).
Operation Settings
Enable the Replace existing correlation match option to update an existing record if a matched correlation is found.
Update Configuration
Specify the location of the record you want to update using an XPath-like selector for accessing records in the data repository.
 1. Click Add and specify the update mode. The following modes are available:
 1. Replace Element(s). This mode updates the value of individual primitive records, such as strings.
 2. Replace List. This mode updates non-primitive values, such as arrays.
 3. Append to List. This mode adds a value to the end of an array.
 4. Prepend to List. This mode adds a value to the beginning of an array.
 5. Delete from List. This mode removes a value from an array.
 2. Specify the location of the element you want to update in the location field.
 3. In the Value field, specify the new value using one of the following options:
 1. Choose Simple to enter a fixed value. You can also choose the special [exclude] or [null] values from the the drop-down menu.
 2. Choose Scripted and click Edit Script to programmatically specify a new value based the existing record.
 3. Choose Parameterized and choose an extracted value from the drop-down menu.
 4. Choose Complex and click Edit JSON to manually specify updates to the structure and values of the record. You can modify the JSON using the Form JSON view (default) or Literal view. Click Reset Template to undo modifications. The Form JSON view also supports cut, copy, delete, and insert action from the right-click menu.
 4. Click OK
 5. Enable any additional settings in the Operation Settings section:
 1. Enable the Create if unable to update option to create a new record if an existing record cannot be found.
 2. Enable the Fail on correlation and update errors option to prevent the tool from update the repository if errors are reported. This option is enabled by default.
Delete Configuration
If the Delete operation is enabled, any record matching the correlation criteria configuration settings (see General Configuration) will be deleted.
You can enable or disable the Fail if no correlation match option.
 - No labels


Black Actress To Play Tudor Queen Anne Boleyn In New Drama
British TV's Channel 5 have just announced that a black actress is to play Anne Boleyn in an upcoming three part period drama.
Jodie Turner-Smith is set to play 16th-century Queen of England Anne Boleyn, who was a white woman.
The baffling choice to play Henry VIII's second wife has led to internet clashes with many suggesting that the move amounts to cultural appropriation.
RT reports: Turner-Smith's turn as the medieval monarch was announced on Friday. The project was described by entertainment outlet Deadline as being a three-part "convention-defying" psychological thriller by Channel 5, set to "shine a feminist light" on the life of Boleyn, famously sent to her death by her husband King Henry the Eighth.
Social media quickly began overflowing with complaints about Turner-Smith playing a white queen. Commenters demanded "historical accuracy" and called it "cultural appropriation" – a term usually used when white people emulate other cultures. Many said that, logically, the Turner-Smith casting as Boleyn should be no more acceptable than a white person playing a well-known black historical figure.
Others mocked the future series by riffing on the concept of 'whitewashing' prominent people of color in history, noting how ridiculous it would be for them to be played by white actors. Some proposed that the US civil rights era heroes Martin Luther King and Rosa Parks be played by Caucasian actors, along with the South African anti-apartheid leader Nelson Mandela.


text:
The technology of applying a colloidal single-layer coating of transparent polystyrene (PS) Ø 1 μm spheres at the tip face of a quartz fiber has been proposed and tested. Such a coating plays, in a light absorbing liquid, the role of a converter of pulsed laser radiation into acoustic radiation. The generation of ultrasound in water using a converter based on a quartz fiber 1 mm in diameter with a 2D colloidal crystalline coating consisted of polystyrene spheres with a diameter of ~1 μm at the fiber end was investigated. When excited by laser radiation (λ = 1.064 µm), coating of polystyrene spheres created in the liquid a laser thermal microstructure with a characteristic size of fractions of ~λ and a maximum temperature up to 10−2
degree at an energy in a short laser pulse of ~0.005 J. This short-lived thermal microstructure generated sound pulses in the liquid in the approximately 0.2–4 MHz range. The results of the experimental study of this effect are reported. The proposed laser radiation converter with colloidal coating of the optical fiber distal tip by a single layer of transparent spheres can be used for the development of new laser microtools for studying, processing of various objects in microsurgery, microstructuring of the surface, spot cleaning and restoration of objects of art and history.
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited


text:
Cut-off Walls create barriers to ground water inflow or subsurface contaminates. Many types of cutoff walls exist, such as slurry diaphragm walls, secant pile walls, sheet pile walls, jet grouting walls and ground freezing.
Cutoff walls are typically used to reduce seepage beneath dams or levees, construct water resistant excavation pits, or enclose contaminated areas within brownfields or mines. Slurry walls and certain types of grouting methods, including jet grouting, may be good options for dams or deep excavations.
Dams & Levees
Slurry / Diaphragm Walls
Slurry / Cutoff Walls
Clearwater Lake Dam
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Little Rock District


text:
On its Facebook page, See You at the Pole suggested that participants of the event work together to "start a prayer group at your school." They further encouraged students, "Thousands and thousands of middle and high school students across the nation have started a weekly prayer group at their very own schools."
Claim Your Campus, a ministry partner of See You at the Pole, offers an interactive app that leads students through the process. Students download the app and invite friends to the next prayer walk on campus. Groups of students are encouraged to "meet consistently and ask God to change your school." The app even guides leaders through the prayer time.
Students face all sorts of temptation, bullying, and abuse on school campuses. Claim Your Campus seeks for a million students to pray and "experience freedom, healing, and forgiveness." The organization "has seen students across the nation take responsibility for the issues at their school by humbly praying to God on behalf of their campus and peers."


Music of the eyes
EyeHarp is the first musical instrument that allows people with disabilities to learn and play music with gaze or with head movements.
About Eyeharp
About Eyeharp
What is Eyeharp?
EyeHarp is a gaze-controlled or head-controlled digital musical instrument. It allows people with disabilities to learn and to play music without barriers. Designed with musicality in mind, EyeHarp offers the same expressive qualities as any traditional instrument.
About Eyeharp
How does it work?
Eyeharp musicians only need to install the software and use it with their Eyetracker, that is a special camera that monitors eye movements. With these two things, musicians can play beautiful melodies simply by looking at the notes on the screen.
About Eyeharp
Who is it for?
Eyeharp is best suited for people with disabilities who want to play music, for music therapists who use it with their clients, and for music teachers who have students with disabilities.
We offer training for professionals on a regular basis.
What people are saying about Eyeharp


text:
1964 Guerrero earthquake
|Date||July 6, 1964|
|Countries or regions||Mexico|
The 1964 Guerrero earthquake occurred on July 6, 1964 at 07:22 UTC (01:22 local time). The earthquake was located in Guerrero, Mexico. The magnitude of this earthquake was given as Ms 7.4, or ML 7.2.
The earthquake affected the states of Guerrero and Michoacán. 40 deaths were reported. The most affected places included Ciudad Altamirano, Cutzamala, Coyuca de Catalán, Tanganhuato, and Huertamo. The earthquake was also felt strongly and caused panic in Mexico City.
Coyuca de Catalán was seriously damaged. The city hall was destroyed. The majority of the houses there were seriously damaged and became uninhabitable. There were great cracks on the ground.


text:
Robert C. Weaver Federal Building
Closed to the public.
451 7th Street, SW
Washington, DC 20410
A key component of the 1960s urban renewal efforts in southwest Washington, DC, the construction of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Headquarters building occurred in the post-World War II era of rapid government growth. Capitalizing on the desire to feature contemporary architectural styles in new government buildings, the HUD building was constructed in the Brutalist Style by preeminent architect Marcel Breuer.
In 2000, the building was named in honor of the first HUD Secretary and first African American member of a President's Cabinet, Robert C. Weaver. Despite its relatively young age, the Robert C. Weaver Federal Building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its exceptional architectural significance.


A comparative analysis of the primary sequences and characteristics of heparinases I, II, and III from Flavobacterium heparinum.
@article{Godavarti1996ACA,
 title={A comparative analysis of the primary sequences and characteristics of heparinases I, II, and III from Flavobacterium heparinum.},
 author={R Godavarti and Ram Sasisekharan},
 journal={Biochemical and biophysical research communications},
 year={1996},
 volume={229 3},
 pages={770-7}
}
Heparinases I, II and III from F. heparinum cleave heparin-like molecules, with a high degree of substrate specificity, at the glucosamine-uronate linkage by elimination, leaving an unsaturated C4-C5 bond in the uronic acid. The primary sequences of these enzymes have been reported earlier. In this study we perform a comparative analysis of the properties and primary sequences of heparinase I, II and III. Alignment of the primary sequences revealed little sequence homology (15% residue identity… CONTINUE READING
Citations
Publications citing this paper.
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Step-By-Step Description > Deleting Shapes and Holes
Navigation: Step-By-Step Description >
Deleting Shapes and Holes
Previous pageReturn to chapter overviewNext page
To delete a shape or a hole, select it and then press the Delete key or click the Delete Shape icon of the toolbar or from the Edit menu select Delete. A confirmation is always required to delete a shape or a hole. Note that shape names, hole names, point names are renumbered when a deletion occurs. If a shape containing holes is deleted, all its holes are also deleted.


text:
Exhibition of "The Frozen Tombs of the Altai Mountains"
Open to the public from Monday to Friday 9 a.m. to 6 p.m.
The towering, jagged Altai Mountains stretch some 2,100 km across China, Mongolia, Russia and Kazakhstan, the Russian section of this mountain range having been inscribed as a natural site on the World Heritage List in 1998. The Altai Mountains bear unique witness to the ancient Scythian culture that flourished in the Eurasian steppe during the 1st millenium BCE.
Today, however, the permafrost of the Altai Mountains is endangered by climate change, and the frozen tombs are particularly threatened. Alerted by these developments, archaeologists, climatologists, geographers and geocryologists drew UNESCO's attention to this urgent issue and requested its assistance. Subsequently, a project, the Preservation of the Frozen Tombs of the Altai Mountains, was set up under the UNESCO/Flanders Funds-in-Trust in 2005.
This project proposed the drawing up of an inventory of the kurgans (burial mounds) in the Altai Mountains and the production of accurate maps using advanced satellite imaging techniques.
This exhibition will showcase the environment of the Altai Mountains, the UNESCO project outputs as well as various research projects in this field.
World Heritage Properties
- World Heritage Sub-regional Consultative Workshop for Promotion of Transbounday co-operation Sep 2, 2008 - Sep 5, 2008
Tuesday, April 8, 2008
Monday, April 21, 2008
Salle des Pas Perdus, UNESCO House, Paris, France
Junhi Han (UNESCO)


Circuit for polarity detection
 1. Can anyone suggest to me a simple circuit constructed using digital gates for polarity detection? The circuit should be able to detect positive, negative as well as zero polarity.
 I need to check the polarity of a dc motor which is controlled by a bidirectional converter. The bidirectional converter has to be controlled in current mode. If any one has ideas regarding the same, i will be grateful.
 But I am not implementing it in real time. I am trying to simulate the logic in MATLAB/Simulink. Can you suggest how I can do the same in Simulink using logic gates? or any other digital gates? The truth table is given along with the schematic for reference as to the expected binary output.
 I have attached the schematic in pdf.
 Thanks and regards
 Attached Files:
 2. jcsd
 3. You have two polarity detectors in your circuit and they are not the same. One has two outputs and the other three. Which one do you want suggestions for? What is the input range for the polarity detector? What do you want to happen if the motor is spinning in one direction and a command, Ec, is given to turn the other direction? Do you want the power to the motor to turn off and allow the motor to coast to a stop or do you want to apply a limited amount of current to the motor in the opposite direction to make it stop and reverse faster? I understand this is a simulation but sometimes simulations lead directly into real products. How will you brake the motor if you want to stop quickly? Do you care if the motor burns up if it should stall?
 Last edited: Dec 6, 2010
 4. Hi there
 i would like suggestions on both the polarity detectors. As for the input range to the polarity detector, do you mean the range within which it detects the signal as positve, negative or zero? i would like the range to be as low as possible. the motor should coast to a stop with minimum losses occurring to the motor while stalling. and the transition from one converter to another should be accompanied by a dead band / transition band during which time the polarity of Ec should remain zero. Converter 1 gets the pulses when id is positive or zero and Ec is positive. Converter 2 gets the pulses when id is negative or zero and Ec is negative.
 Thanks and regards
Have something to add?


text:
The Knoxville Symphony Orchestra has long claimed to be the "oldest symphony in the South" or, in the most recent promotional literature, "the oldest continuing orchestra in the Southeast." The KSO is certainly older than the average Southern symphony orchestra—or, for that matter, the average American symphony orchestra. However, they're not the only organization to make the "Oldest Symphony Orchestra in the South" claim.
Comparing various claims would require some labor, as well as a universal standard of what constitutes a symphony. Is it a certain number of musicians? A certain frequency of performances? Professional status, for either the conductor or the musicians? What if a symphony closes temporarily? In fact there's no agree-upon definition of what a symphony is, and whether continuity permits pauses. The KSO began as an extraordinarily small orchestra of 27 pieces, but grew rapidly to count 45 musicians by its third season, and has performed two or more shows every season since 1935.
The KSO is older than the symphonies of many larger cities, including Atlanta, Louisville, Nashville, and Memphis. It's the oldest symphony orchestra in Tennessee. However, several Southern orchestras report earlier dates of origin. Charlotte's symphony claims a 1932 birthdate. The Alabama Symphony Orchestra in Birmingham reports that it had been founded by 1933, with a board of directors and a fund-raising organization; by 1935, when the KSO performed its first regular concert, Birmingham's ASO was three times the size.
No orchestra makes more of the Oldest Symphony in the South claim than Georgia's Rome Symphony Orchestra, which is smaller and less active than the KSO, but cites a 1921 founding date, and touts its status liberally.
KSO historian Rudy Ennis says he first heard the KSO make that claim during the David Van Vactor days, in the '60s. He has never tried to confirm or deny it. He says, however, that the KSO's definition of its founding is more conservative than the estimates made by many orchestras; by looser standards, the KSO might reach back to various landmark assemblages in 1927 or 1924 or 1917 as its origin—rather than 1935, which was the beginning of an unbroken stream of prescription seasons.


text:
Presentation Transcript: Maximizing Workforce Management with Best-of-Breed Solutions
Many organizations find it difficult to effectively handle their workforce management (WFM) processes. In this transcript of the webcast "Maximizing Workforce Management with Best-of-Breed Solutions," discover how to solve this challenge by using best-of-breed solutions to automate data entry and retrieval in real time. Learn how these solutions are easy to use and more engaging for all employees, enabling faster deployment and adoption.
Read this transcript and learn more about WFM best practices, including how to:
- Eliminate manual entry and validation of timekeeping data - reducing error rates and improving productivity.
- Accommodate unique and changing requirements without the need for custom code - reducing training needs, support costs, and implementation headaches.
- Automatically validate all time entry - preventing problems before they occur, including early and late punches and ineligible clocking.
- Enable better decision-making in terms of scheduling, managing absences, payroll accuracy, and controlling costs.
- Facilitate employee self-service - reducing managers' administrative burdens while improving data collection and accuracy.
- Deliver immediate and measurable bottom-line returns.
- And more!


Printout Header
LEX Online Manual Content
Container Class Evaluation
Lex shows the hierarchy of the current connected LDAP directory in the tree view panel on the left side in the LEX main window, so that a fast and easy navigation is possible. To show this hierarchy, LEX reads all the container objects from the server, so that these objects can be used to build up the navigation tree.
The probem is: LDAP allows all types of objects to have child objects. So if you want to build up the current LDAP tree, normall you have to check literally all LDAP objects for children. This would lead to a sluggish application performance when you want to browse through a large tree hierarchy. Or if you would first pre-cache the tree structure, it would last very long to achieve this.
Therefore LEX has a list for each type of directory server with the names of the typical container object classes. There are different lists for the following environments:
 - OpenLDAP
 - Microsoft Active Directory (this includes AD LDS and ADAM)
 - Novell eDirectory
 - Sun iPlanet (this includes SUN Directory Servers and NetScape Directory Servers)
 - Siemens DirX
 - Generic LDAP (all other LDAP servers)
This classification was made to reflect the fact that all types of directories tend to have their typical structural elements. In all these lists, the object class 'organizationalUnit' will be in the list for sure. Other classes are not so obvious to be potential container classes with child objects.
If LEX loads the directory tree hierarchy, the list of container classes will be converted to the appropriate LDAP filter. This filter is used then to retrieve all the object from the server which are needed to built up the tree view.
The list of the container classes can be configured with the menu option Tools - Options - Container Classes. You see here different buttons for the regarding LDAP server environments where you can configure the appropriate list of container classes:
Configuring the container classes
Normally you do not have to work hard on these lists because a lot of the classes usually used as container classes are predefined as default values here.
Maybe you have to configure new classes to this lists if you encounter the following problem: You don't see an object in the tree view hierarchy as a container, even if it is shown in the object list when you look at the parent container:
Domain Controllers don't appaear in the tree
If you change the object list scope to 'deeptree', so that you see the entire subtree under the parent object, you may notice that this object have child objects - although it was not shown as a container.
Child objects visible in deeptree scope
Then you have to check what object class the regarding object has. Add this object class to the appropriate container class list under Tools - Options - Container Classes. If you don't know to which type of directory your current LDAP server belongs, you can check this in the option Connection - Connection Info.
Pseudo Container Classes
There might be object classes in a directory environment which have a large number of real objects existing for this class, whereas these objects have very seldom child objects below them. An example of such an object class are the 'computer' objects in an Active Directory environment.
In order to be able to show all hierarchical structures in the tree view panel in a very fast way, LEX works with so-called Pseudo Container Classes. These container classes are handles as follows:
 - Container Class objects are shown in the tree view panel ONLY if they have actually child objects:
 Pseudo Container Classes
 - If the entire tree hierarchy has to be cached (first connection or reload operation on the entire tree), LEX does not search for Pseudo Container Class objects. This is because there may be a huge count of these objects in the current directory - so this would last far too long for building up a tree with these information included. Even if we would search for all these - this would result potentially in a very large number of container objects in the tree view - although most of such objects doesn't have child objects.
 So for the caching of the entire tree hierarchy, no Pseudo Container Classes are used. Only the normal container class objects are evaluated.
 - If you just reload the 'tree environment' of the currently selected node, then only the node's parent, siblings and child nodes are refeshed. This is done by just pressing F5 or using the ViewRefresh option. Because this is probably a smaller amount of container objects to read from the server, LEX requests the normal container classes together with the Pseudo Container Classes.
The list of the pseudo container classes can be configured with the menu option Tools - Options - Container Classes. You see here different buttons for te regarding LDAP server environments where you can configure the approprate list of pseudo container classes:
Configuring the container classes


Definition of sky wave in English:
sky wave
 - A radio wave reflected from the ionosphere.
 - 'Which of the following layers of the Ionosphere has no effect on sky wave propagation during the hours of darkness?'
 - 'At intermediate ranges, the sky wave will be coming in at an appreciable angle and it will be less effected by mountains.'
 - 'Note that some absorption of sky waves may also occur at lower atmospheric levels because of the presence of water and water vapor.'
 - 'As well as the ground wave, which propagates at all times, at night a sky wave is also propagated via the ionosphere.'
 - 'It should be mentioned that neither surface waves nor sky waves are possible in space or on airless bodies such as the Moon.'
 - 'The AS2259, near vertical incident sky wave, worked sometimes, but a doublet antenna 10 feet off the ground nearly always worked.'
 - 'Using sky waves it is thus impossible to work on frequencies too away below or above the MUF.'
 - 'HF has excellent sky wave and good surface wave performance and is good for long range communications, though it is subject to interference.'
 - 'The ground wave is much stronger than the sky wave so softer wave pockets can be found at the closer distances.'
 - 'Regional over the horizon communications are possible through a sky wave technique called tropospheric scatter (troposcatter or just tropo).'
 - 'These radio signals are termed sky waves for obvious reason.'
 - 'Fading can also occur on long circuits when sky wave signals take multiple hops to reach the receiver.'
 - 'The most important factor that effects the propagation of sky waves is the ionosphere.'


text:
The Department of Water Resources stated that a 189 million Nakfa project has been launched with a view of ensuring potable water supply in 53 villages this year.
Asmara, 1 June 2012 – The Department of Water Resources stated that a 189 million Nakfa project has been launched with a view of ensuring potable water supply in 53 villages this year.
Indicating that a total of 1,200 villages have already become beneficiaries of potable water supply in line with endeavors made so far, Mr. Misgina Gebresilasie, head of water supply branch at Water Resources Department, pointed out that an approach of proportionate selection was applied in prioritizing the current beneficiary-to-be villages from all Administrative regions. Accordingly, the project is being implemented in 5 villages in Anseba region, 12 villages in the Southern region, 10 villages in Gash-Barka region, 12 villages in the Central region, 8 villages in the Northern Red Sea region, and 6 villages in the Southern Red Sea region respectively.
The project is being implemented in three phases, the first of which would focus on implementation of the task in 12 villages. The process to import necessary equipments for the first phase of the undertaking has been completed, Mr. Misgina added.
Reports indicated that effective implementation of the project would lead to the availability of potable water supply to a total of 182,000 citizens.
Furthermore, the Department of Water Resources called on citizens who have already become beneficiaries of potable water supply to practice prudent utilization of the facilities.


text:
The surname Spink in my family tree is from my paternal line. At the moment I have 27 people with this surname. The earliest person is my 4x great grandfather William Spink who was born about 1764, probably in the Linton area of the Yorkshire Dales.
According to surnamedb the name Spink is of Anglo-Saxon origin. It is said to derive from a nickname given in the first instance to someone thought to resemble a finch in some way. Possibly with reference to its brightly coloured plumage or sweet singing voice.
A large number of early medieval surnames were gradually created from the habitual use of nicknames, given with reference to a variety of characteristics, such as
- a person's physical attributes or peculiarities
- mental or moral qualities
- a fancied resemblance to an animal's or bird's appearance or disposition
- habits of dress, or
The first recorded spelling of the family name is believed to be that of Roger Spinc dated 1133 in the "Chartulary of Ramsey Monastery", Bedforshire. Other early recordings are :-
Thomas Spink listed in the Assize Rolls of Northumberland in 1256; the marriage of Edmonde Spincke and Alice Madison in Stepney, London on 5th September 1604; and the marriage of Stephen Spink and Ann Ring on 29th October 1696.


text:
In 2018, Mayflower Primary School became the designated school for students with hearing loss. The school adopts a co-teaching model where a mainstream teacher and a specialised teacher jointly plan, coordinate, and deliver instruction to a diverse group of students. The co-teaching model promotes the inclusion of students with hearing loss to access the national curriculum within a regular education classroom.
At Mayflower Primary, Singapore Sign Language is used to support instruction for pupils with hearing loss. This will come via specialised teachers from the Singapore Association for the Deaf, who will co-teach the core subjects of English, Mathematics and Science. An Educational Interpreter will support in the teaching of non-examinable subjects such as physical education, art and music.
For enrolment and registration enquiries, kindly contact the Deaf Education Department under the Singapore Association for the Deaf at _EMAIL_.


text:
On January 12, 2009, First Lady Laura Bush, Deputy Secretary of the Interior Lynn Scarlett and Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) Chairman John L Nau, III announced that the United States Lighthouse Society was officially designated and recognized as a Preserve America Steward for its exemplary volunteer efforts to care for the Thomas Point Shoal Lighthouse!
Preserve America is a White House initiative that encourages and supports community efforts to preserve and enjoy our nation's heritage. Scarlett and Nau co-chair Preserve America. Mrs. Bush serves as Honorary Chair of Preserve America since its inception in March 2003.
To learn more about the program, please go to their website and the press release.
The letter from the White House and signed by Mrs. Bush is shown here. It reads: "Congratulations on the designation of the United States Lighthouse [Society] as a Preserve America Steward! The preservation of our historical and cultural resources honors our nation's rich heritage. President Bush and I applaud your achievement. Your volunteer efforts inspire our fellow Americans and set a great example for communities around the country. Thank you for your enthusiastic participation in the Preserve America initiative."
Clearly this is quite an honor for the Society, for its Chesapeake Chapter, and, most of all, for all of our volunteers and friends that have generously given so much of their time, enthusiasm, talents and skills to preserve our beloved Chesapeake Bay icon and National Historic Landmark. We still have more work to do, but we are extremely proud of our accomplishments since our partnership took over ownership and management of the lighthouse in 2004. We are very grateful to all of you who contributed in one way or another to make this award possible.


text:
I go along with the generally accepted theory that the game measure is 33cm.
The third clue enigma 780 talks about 'where you must by the compass and the foot.'
The 'foot' most likely refers to 'pied du roi', and it the word 'step' in the title also hints at this measure. A common value was close to 33cm.
The visual shows a compass. The compass has a diameter of 10.5cm, which Max confirmed. The method to work out the perimeter of the circle = 2 x Pi x radius, where the radius = diameter / 2 = 5.25 cm and Pi = 3.1415, or about 22/7. So, the perimeter of this compass is 33 cm.
The 33cm measure fits very well with the measures mentioned in the book, to give neat whole numbers eg. 185km rather than messy numbers like 176.457889km!
Other ideas for the measure
Some people think the measure is the compass AND the foot, so 10.5cm + 33cm so 43.5cm.
The historic measure the 'foot' had many variations over the centuries, as this French Wikipedia page devoted to the 'Pied' shows. The 74 cm foot is used by some owl hunters.
The word "measure" appears in the puzzles. 500, 420 and 650, as well as an additional clue : " For good measure, there's only one in the book ".


You are here:Home > US > All U.S. Products > U.S. Insignia > Rank Insignia
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About WWII Army Rank Chevrons
The US Army used a series of chevrons sewn on each sleeve to denote the ranks of PFC (private first class) up through all NCOs (Non-commissioned officers = Sergeants). Officers used collar insignia, not chevrons.
There are several types of chevrons used during WWII. As usual, reality and living historian fantasies often clash. Here is the historical reality. The three main styles of chevrons are wool, rayon and khaki.
In principle:
Khaki Chevrons were only for the khaki summer uniforms.
Wool Chevrons were for the Service Coats, Wool Shirts and "Ike" Jackets.
Rayon Chevrons were for Field Jackets.
However, in practice, the wool and rayon stripes can be found, originally sewn, on every style of uniform in the Army inventory. Khaki stripes are occasionally found on field and paratrooper jackets- I haven't seen them on wool shirts of service coats, but I wouldn't rule it out. There were also stencil kits issued allowing stripes to be painted directly onto field uniforms. Our grandfathers knew that rules are meant to be broken and often did so.
There is often some confusion on the background color of the wool and rayon insignia. It is actually a dark navy blue. Some appear to be black, and but in direct sunlight you can see that they are actually blue. The stripes themselves vary widelymany shades of olive or khaki can be found on originals. (Khaki chevrons use olive stripes on khaki background. The shade of olive varies greatly.) They were made by the million, so this is hardly a shock.
Again, being made by the million, there are numerous differences between manufacturers. Some are sewn, some folded, the weave varies, and many were sub-contracted in England. Left over insignia from World War One was also used, adding still more possibilities.
ATF reproductions:
In all cases, we copied originals. I chose those I consider to be among the most typical US produced varieties. All are excellent and very, very close to the original.
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PFC (Khaki)
Price: $9.99
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Price: $4.99


text:
Ægishjálmur (Helm of Awe or Helm of Terror) is one of the Icelandic magical symbols. It is believed to possess powerful qualities of protection against evil or injustice. It was used by warriors to induce fear in their enemies' hearts and to prevail in battle.
- Tin alloy, covered with antimony and patinated
- Size 2.5 cm
Symbol in the Norse Edda saga.


text:
The Infinity Gauntlet is a gauntlet used for channeling the power of the Infinity Stones. A knockoff gauntlet was in Odin's vault, which was right-handed, while the real one, which is left-handed, is in Thanos' possession. It grants the bearer infinite power over reality through the use of the six Infinity Stones (Mind, Reality, Soul, Time, Power, and Space) embedded in it.
A right-handed Infinity Gauntlet with replicas of the Infinity Stones is on display in Odin's weapon vault, and is guarded by The Destroyer.
In Thor's hallucination, Thor sees the Infinity Stones being assembled on a cloud-like version of the Infinity Gauntlet.
Because both Loki and Ronan the Accuser failed to retrieve the Infinity Stones for him, Thanos opens a vault and put on his left-handed Infinity Gauntlet, and decides to hunt for the Stones so that he can destroy Earth himself.
The false Gauntlet reappears in Asgard. While Hela explores Odin's vault, she finds the right-handed Infinity Gauntlet and immediately discerns that the "Infinity Stones" within it are replicas and not the real Infinity Stones.
The gauntlet is utilized by Thanos during his invasion of Earth. It is also revealed that he forced a band of dwarves, led by Eitri, to make it. After having collected all of the Infinity Stones by the end of the movie, despite the greatest efforts of the Avengers and the Guardians, Thanos utilizes the Gauntlet's power by snapping his fingers, causing half of all life in the entire universe to disintegrate, but damages the Gauntlet in the process.
Three weeks after Thanos's victory, the Avengers ambushed Thanos at his farm and Thor sliced off his hand that held the Infinity Gauntlet with Stormbreaker. Unfortunately, the Infinity Stones were not on the Gauntlet, forcing Captain America to question the whereabouts of the Stones. Thanos replied that once the Snap was complete, the Stones had no purpose and that he had reduced the Stones to atoms. This forced Thor to slice off Thanos's head and the Avengers returned back to Earth. They leave the charred and useless Infinity Gauntlet behind to rust.
- When holding the Infinity Stones, the Infinity Gauntlet grants the bearer infinite powers when used within the universe of its origin. Thanos successfully uses the Gauntlet to wipe out half the population of the entire Marvel Cinematic Universe, setting in motion the conflict for Avengers: Endgame.
- In Thor, the Gauntlet is depicted as being worn on the wielder's right hand, while in Avengers: Age of Ultron and the Avengers: Infinity War teaser, it is depicted as being worn on the wielder's left hand, like in the comics. It was revealed by Kevin Fiege that there are two Infinity Gauntlets. However, this was disproved in Thor: Ragnarok, in which the right-handed one was revealed to be a fake by Hela.
- This gauntlet, along with its Infinity Stones, were created by Asgardians to show how the item is supposed to look given, as Volstagg explained that the only Infinity Stone Asgard has in its possession is the Tesseract.


text:
Using Foresight to Cope with Uncertainty
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In an increasingly uncertain world where resources are limited, foresight thinking and approaches provide a critical way for governments and communities to understand and plan for the future. Using foresight techniques can contribute to the development of policies that are robust and fit for purpose. Foresight practitioners have an important role to play in the design and implementation of these processes. However, more needs to be done to ensure that such initiatives are properly supported and the capacity of policy thinktanks and foresight practitioners strengthened in developing country contexts. Increasingly, foresight processes should harness advances in information and communication technology (ICT) to facilitate broader citizen participation in policymaking.


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Vehicle Design Evaluation Using The Digital Proving Ground 2000-01-0126
Recent advancements in three-dimensional digital terrain mapping and vehicle simulation technology present an opportunity to introduce "real-world feedback" early in the design process. Designers of suspension, braking, steering and safety systems can evaluate and optimize designs using computer simulation of a vehicle on the digital proving ground (DPG). A range of possible design behaviors can be identified and analyzed prior to expensive prototyping and testing. Even a series of specific test maneuvers may be evaluated prior to actual testing to ensure safety of the driver and prototype vehicle. As a result, the design process is more efficient and the use of the actual proving ground is more cost effective.
This paper presents an overview of the use of the digital proving ground for vehicle design evaluation. Several examples of digital proving ground tests will be discussed. Digital 3-D models of a test track facility may be available from the construction of the grounds, or they can be created with laser measurement techniques, such as LIDAR. Tire-terrain contact patch simulation techniques provide for the use of validated physics models to study 3-D vehicle behavior undergoing simulated tests for handling, ride, braking compliance or other maneuvers.
International Truck & Bus Meeting & Exposition
Electronics for Trucks and Buses 2000-SP-1568, Computer Applications for Crash, Optimization, and Simulation Research-SP-1496, SAE 2000 Transactions Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems-V109-6


text:
Maximum Sample Size: 20×20 cm² (typically 1 standard wafer size)
Maximum Sample Height: 1 mm
The PCD (Photo-Conductance Decay) technique is used to determine carrier lifetime. It does not require contacts and is nondestructive.
Microwave detected PhotoConductance Decay (µ-PCD) Carrier lifetime measurement is a useful technology for incoming wafer inspection, quality control and process monitoring in wafer manufacturing as well as in solar cell manufacturing. The microwave induced photoconductive decay method is the most common way of measuring minority carrier lifetime in silicon. This method excels due to its reliability, good reproducibility and the short measurement time that permits of making lifetime maps with high resolution.
The photoconductance decay method is used to measure the minority charge carrier lifetime. It relies on the measurement of the excess conductance right after a very short light pulse (laser). µ-PCD detects the photoconductivity by measuring the reflection of a microwave at the sample surface.
Contactez-nous pour obtenir plus d'informations à propos de nos offres


Clinical Offerings
The NJGEC provides several rich opportunities for students/trainees to gain clinical experience and expertise in geriatrics throughout their tenure at RowanSOM. Osteopathic medical students, interns, residents, and fellows train with a multidisciplinary group of faculty preceptors across the continuum of care; training is conducted in the following geriatric settings:
There are elective opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students from other disciplines to complete clinical preceptorships in geriatrics, available upon request. The NJGEC has trained an interdisciplinary audience of elective students, including those in the fields of psychology, nursing, social work, nutrition, physical therapy, and dentistry.
NJISA Education


Efficient Implementation of a 3-pointer AVL Tree
File index
Note: I need to rework this page. There are a few improvements to make. Since AVL trees are also generally inferior to Red-black trees, I recommend to you to head over to my Red-black tree implementation page instead.
I set out to make my own 3-pointer AVL tree and found some optimizations that are not typically mentioned in AVL tree tutorials.
To anticipate the results — I did not manage to make a serious Red-black tree contender. My implementation is another data point that AVL trees are inferior. For insertion and retrieval, AVL has a slight edge due to slightly lower tree height. But deletion needs O(log2 n) rebalancing rotations, while in a Red-black tree the number is constant. And it shows in practice.
In a comparison with BSD RB tree.h (by Niels Provos), here's what I could pull off:
Generating _PHONE_ (4-byte) integers.
Randomly permuting the integers.
Running bench SIL AVLtree
===========================
Inserting each element: 0.743s
Finding each element: 0.617s
Removing each element: 0.809s
Running bench BSD RB tree
===========================
Inserting each element: 0.785s
Finding each element: 0.658s
Removing each element: 0.553s
(All benchmarks on this page were made on a AMD X2-250. It's a x86_64 machine from ca. 2011. Code is compiled with GCC 6.3, gcc -O2 -DNDEBUG).
Maybe I will update with more detailed benchmarks. It would be nice to have more AVL and RB trees, and various workloads. There are of course other benchmarks on the net and I invite everyone to include my implementation into their benchmarks. While some nice operations are still missing, I think the implementation is stable enough. If you benchmark the code, please make sure to set NDEBUG.
Here is a nice-looking benchmark that turned up only after a few days of searching. The numbers look quite similar.
As I said the implementation is not a serious contender to RB trees for general use, due to the slowness of the delete operation. I want at least something to take away from this little adventure, so I'll write down the optimizations I applied to get it at least this fast.
But first, for reference here is my implementation: sil_avltree.h. For efficiency it is implemented as a header similar to the RB tree.h code. This way comparison operations can be inlined. It's also more type-safe compared to a generic inferface. The disadvantage is that the usage is a little more involved and confusing.
You can also browse the code on github. The benchmark code is also there, and it is currently the only instruction how to use the header file.
Caching the childs' heights
The height of an AVL tree with n nodes is bounded by ~1.44 log2 n. That means that we can conveniently store node heights in 8 bits instead of spending an int. That also means that we can store the heights of the left and right children of each node, instead of its own height. This is more cache efficient since for testing the balance we don't need to look at the childs. While that's no win for the one child node that we're just coming from (it's in the CPU cache anyway), the other node needs to be visited only in some cases when a rotation is required.
/*
 * Linkage and height information for AVL tree nodes.
 */
struct SIL_AVLhead {
 struct SIL_AVLhead *left;
 struct SIL_AVLhead *right;
 struct SIL_AVLhead *parent;
 unsigned char lh;
 unsigned char rh;
};
To get an impression of the effects on performance, here is what happens when my code is switched from using the cached height to getting the height from the children (in SIL_AVL_get_balance()):
Use cached heightGet from children
Insert0.743s0.853s
Find0.617s0.623s
Remove0.809s0.912s
Bench cache misses33.2 million36.4 million
The find operation is unaffected since it doesn't check the balance.
Note that there is a minor cost to maintaining the child heights and a minor cost to calculating a node's own height from those. I didn't bother to change the code back to an own-height implementation since that's a pretty big change. So the comparison is not entirely fair. For remedy I've retrieved cache-misses numbers from perf. The cache-misses overhead from an empty benchmark (that only setups the data) was only 500K and I hope the 36.4 million number is very much like in a fair comparison.
Update: I missed that we can also get away with storing only the balance. That doesn't require the calculation balance = rh - lh, and only one field instead of two must be updated on rotations. However it's not clear if that's a win. The memory requirements go down from 2 bytes to 3 bits per node, but with a straightforward implementation there are no space savings in practice due to alignment (see the Packing section). We could store the 3 bits in the 8-byte aligned parent pointer to save 4 or 8 bytes in practice. I haven't done that. Still, my balance-version of the code is a little more complex and performance-wise I could not measure any difference.
Packing the link structure
The link structure struct SIL_AVLhead shown above contains 3 pointers and 2 bytes, which is 3*8+2 = 26 bytes on 64-bit systems. However the compiler will typically blow that up to 32 bytes for 8-byte alignment of the link pointers contained inside (Relevant read: The Lost Art of C Structure Packing). Now let's assume you only want to store integers in the tree. If you define a tree node in the conventional way:
struct node {
 struct SIL_AVLhead head;
 int payload;
}
that is not 36 but 40 bytes, again due to alignment!
We can define the head structure as packed instead:
struct __attribute__((packed)) SIL_AVLhead_packed {
 ...
};
And now it takes only these 26 bytes, and struct node is 32 bytes (due to 4-byte alignment of the payload).
Packing the head is not safe in the general case. If the payload is only 1 byte, struct node is 27 bytes.
/*
 * sizeof (struct SIL_AVLhead_packed) = 26
 * offsetof(struct node_unsafe, payload) = 26
 * sizeof (struct node_unsafe) = 27
 */
struct node_unsafe {
 struct SIL_AVLhead_packed head;
 char payload;
}
The pointers inside the head (of a node, inside an array of nodes) are misaligned. Which is a problem on some architectures. I have yet to figure out a nice and usable way how to make that safe. The best I can come up with so far is requiring pointer-sized alignment of the head struct at the node definition site:
/*
 * sizeof (struct SIL_AVLhead_packed) = 26
 * offsetof(struct node_safe, payload) = 26
 * sizeof (struct node_safe) = 32
 */
struct node_safe {
 struct SIL_AVLhead_packed __attribute__((aligned(sizeof (void *)))) head;
 char payload;
}
But requiring the hacky alignment specifier at the node definition site (which is "client code") is dangerous, even if we hide the definition behind a macro. Please write me if you know a better way.
Intrinsic linking of the payload inside the head structure (with a head structure macro) is not an option. For one, generic code that is only interested in the link data (and not the payload) is not cleanly reusable. The other reason is inconvience for clients that want to link elements in more than one tree, so need to put more than one head struct in their nodes.
Here are some measurements, again with an int payload.
Packed: 32 bytesNot packed: 40 bytes
Insert0.743s0.792s
Find0.617s0.655s
Remove0.809s0.840s
So that's another demonstration of the importance of cache efficiency.
Optimizing the rotations
When the imbalance in a node is 2 there are two cases what needs to be done, described on the GeeksforGeeks page: Single rotation or double rotation (each in left or right direction). But for efficient implementation I've analyzed both cases (w.l.o.g