text:
This Policy Framework from the Ministry of Justice sets out the minimum mandatory requirements required to provide education and library services in adult prisons in England. It is primarily aimed at governors and their staff and describes the policy requirements and legal duties expected of them to be able to deliver education services in their prisons. There are separate policy frameworks for prisons in Wales, Immigration Removal Centres and youth custody estates.
Those expected to adhere to this framework includes governors, heads of groups, the women's estate, public sector prisons and over 18s young offender institutions and contracted prisons in England. This framework replaces document 'PSI 20/2000 Education Key Performance Indicator: Measuring basic skills attainment'.
The framework can help with the implementation of reforms that give governors more control over education delivered in their prisons. It also allows them to provide an effective strategy for their prison's education programme. The outcomes of using this resource are as follows:
- Prisons will be able to offer education that is aligned with the needs and interests of its prisoners, and relative to the employment markets that prisoners enter upon their release.
- Prisoners will be engaged in the learning process and able to achieve personal, employment and learning goals and sustain employment following their release.
- Prisoners will feel encouraged to build life skills and develop their own sense of wellbeing, social capital and employability, as well as reduce the risk of reoffending.
- Prisoners will have access to well-stocked libraries and use the materials within them to support their learning journey.
- Prisoners will have the opportunity to read for pleasure and improve their literacy skills.
The Prison Education & Library Services for adult prisons in England Policy Framework also contains links to other useful supporting documents and provides details about materials supplied on the HMPPS intranet.


the processing is passed back to the previous Action, including all already inserted form data. Extbase reads the necessary information from the hidden fields __referrer. In our case the Method newAction() is called again. In contrast to the first call, Extbase now tries to create an (invalid) Offer Object from the form data, and to pass it to the Method in $newOffer. Due to the annotation @Extbase\IgnoreValidation("newOffer") Extbase this time accepts the invalid object and displays the form once more. Formerly filled in data is put in the fields again and the previously saved error message is displayed if the template is intending so.
../_images/figure-7-1.png
Figure 7-1: Wrong input in the form of an offer leads to an error message (in this case a modal JavaScript window)
Tip
Standard error messages of Extbase are not yet localized in Version 1.2 (TYPO3 4.4). In section "Localize error messages" in chapter 8, we describe a possibility to translate them too, though.
Using the hidden field __trustedProperties, the Extbase property mapper compares the incoming property data with the one that are allowed. If the request contains data for non whitelisted properties, the property mapper throws an exception.
Using the \TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Annotation\IgnoreValidation("parameterName") annotation, you tell Extbase that the argument is not to be validated. If the argument is an Object, the validation of its properties is also bypassed.
Flow Pattern "Editing an existing Domain Object"
The flow pattern we now present you, is quite similar to the previous one. We again need two action Methods, which this time we call editAction() and updateAction(). The Method editAction() provides the form for editing, while updateAction() updates the Object in the Repository. In contrast to newAction() it is not necessary to pass an organization to the Method editAction(). It is sufficient to pass the offer to be edited as an Argument.
<?php
declare(strict_types = 1);
namespace MyVendor\SjrOffers\Controller;
use TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Annotation as Extbase;
use TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Mvc\Controller\ActionController;
class OfferController extends ActionController
{
 // ...
 /**
 * @param \MyVendor\SjrOffers\Domain\Model\Offer $offer The existing, unmodified offer
 * @return string Form for editing the existing organization
 * @Extbase\IgnoreValidation("offer")
 */
 public function editAction(\MyVendor\SjrOffers\Domain\Model\Offer $offer)
 {
 $this->view->assign('offer', $offer);
 $this->view->assign('regions', $this->regionRepository->findAll());
 }
 // ...
}
Note once again the annotation @Extbase\IgnoreValidation("offer"). The Method updateAction() receives the changed offer and updates it in the repository. Afterwards a new request is started and the organization is shown with its updated offers.
/**
 * @param \MyVendor\SjrOffers\Domain\Model\Offer $offer The modified offer
 * @return void
 */
public function updateAction(\MyVendor\SjrOffers\Domain\Model\Offer $offer)
{
 $this->offerRepository->update($offer);
 $this->redirect('show', 'Organization', NULL, ['organization' => $offer->getOrganization()]);
}
Warning
Do not forget to explicitly update the changed Domain Object using update(). Extbase will not do this automatically for you, for doing so could lead to unexpected results. For example if you have to manipulate the incoming Domain Object inside your Action Method.
At this point we have to ask ourselves how to prevent unauthorized changes of our Domain data. The organization and offer data are not to be changed by all visitors after all. So an administrator is allocated to each organization, authorized to change the data of that organization. The administrator can change the contact data of the organization, create and delete offers and contact persons as well as edit existing offers. Securing against unauthorized access can be done on different levels:
 - On the level of TYPO3, access to the page and/or plugin is prohibited.
 - Inside the Action, it is checked, if access is authorized. In our case it has to be checked if the administrator of the organization is logged in.
 - In the template, links to Actions, to which the frontend user has no access are blinded out.
Of these three levels, only the first two offer reliable protection. We do not take a closer look on the first level in this book. You can find detailed information for setting up permissions in your TYPO3 system in the Core API. The second level, we are going to implement in all "critical" Actions. Let's look at an example with the Method updateAction().
use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;
use \MyVendor\SjrOffers\Service\AccessControlService;
public function initializeAction()
{
 $this->accessControlService = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(AccessControlService::class);
}
public function updateAction(\MyVendor\SjrOffers\Domain\Model\Offer $offer)
{
 $administrator = $offer->getOrganization()->getAdministrator();
 if ($this->accessControlService->isLoggedIn($administrator)) {
 $this->offerRepository->update($offer);
 } else {
 $this->flashMessages->add('Please sign in.');
 }
 $this->redirect('show', 'Organization', NULL, ['organization' => $offer->getOrganization()]);
}
We ask a previously instantiated AccessControlService if the administrator of the organization responsible for the offer is logged in the frontend. If yes, we do update the offer. If no, an error message is generated, which is displayed in the subsequently called organization overview.
Extbase does not yet offer an API for access control. We therefore implement an AccessControlService on ourselves. The description of the class is to be found in the file EXT:sjr_offers/Classes/Service/AccessControlService.php.
<?php
namespace MyVendor\SjrOffers\Service;
use TYPO3\CMS\Core\SingletonInterface;
class AccessControlService implements SingletonInterface
{
 public function isLoggedIn($person = NULL)
 {
 if (is_object($person)) {
 if ($person->getUid() === $this->getFrontendUserUid()) {
 return TRUE;
 }
 }
 return FALSE;
 }
 public function getFrontendUserUid()
 {
 if($this->hasLoggedInFrontendUser() && !empty($GLOBALS['TSFE']->fe_user->
 user['uid'])) {
 return intval($GLOBALS['TSFE']->fe_user->user['uid']);
 }
 return NULL;
 }
 public function hasLoggedInFrontendUser()
 {
 return $GLOBALS['TSFE']->loginUser === 1 ? TRUE : FALSE;
 }
}
The third level can easily be bypassed by manually typing the link or the form data. It therefore only reduces the confusion for honest visitors and the stimulus for the bad ones. Let's take a short look on this snippet from a template:
{namespace sjr=MyVendor\SjrOffers\ViewHelpers}
<!-- ... -->
<sjr:security.ifAuthenticated person="{organization.administrator}">
 <f:link.action controller="Offer" action="edit" arguments="{...}">
 <f:image src="EXT:sjr_offers/Resources/Public/Icons/edit.gif" alt="edit" />
 </f:link.action>
 <!-- ... -->
</sjr:security.ifAuthenticated>
Tip
A Service is often used to implement functionalities that are needed on multiple places in your extensions and are not related to one Domain Object.
Services are often stateless. In this context that means that their function does not depend on previous access. This does not rule out dependency to the "


Motor Speed Tester Using Arduino & IR Sensor
115,012
61
32
Introduction: Motor Speed Tester Using Arduino & IR Sensor
Hi, I am Mechanical Engineer. But loves Electronic mini projects too. Also like to do creative thin…
Hey !!!
Is it difficult to measure rpm of motor ???
I don't think so. Here is one simple solution.
Only one IR sensor and Arduino in your kit can do so.
It is very useful for DIY creators & robot makers and is very easy to make. It requires only 5 minutes for set up.
This assembly works well and can measures rpm much accurately upto 5%. I had tested it till 10000rpm.
And Yes, this can be used for any type of motor Big or Small (industrial too)
What you can do with this?
 - Measure rpm / check rpm of motor
 - measure speed of robot m/s (step 4)
 - Maintain constant speed(rpm) of DC motor (step 5)
How to use
 1. Stick aluminium foil piece as reference point anywhere on shaft or on its attachment
 2. Start the motor
 3. Place IR sensor infront of the reference point.
That's it.
Step 1: We Require
Basic Requirement
 1. Arduino
 2. IR sensor
 3. Aluminium foil
LCD if you have
 1. LCD Display
 2. 10K potentiometer or I2C module(will reduce pins)
For controlling speed
 1. Motor Driver
 2. 10K potentiometer
A rigid stand if you have/can make (recommended)
Step 2: How It WORKS ??
So what is the logic behind this ??
It works on basic principle of an encoder and it works much similar to encoder
When a shaft/body rotates, same point on it repetatively comes to original position after one revolution.
But for that it requires some time.
By measuring time (in second) between these two positions ie. completeing one revolution, we get time (second) required to complete one revolution.
Simply taking reciprocal of this value we get rps (revolution per second) of motor.
Multiplying it by 60 will give rpm
Simple haa ! ! !
RPM does not depend on Distance between centre of shaft and reference point.
Now to measure the time difference IR sensor is used. Aluminium foil is used set a reference point. Also it reflects light thus enhances sensitivity of IR. sensor gives HIGH output, when aluminium foil comes infront of the sensor. micros() command is used to measure time which is 10^-6 of second which can measure time lapse at high speed accurately.
Step 3: Preparation & Code
Basic min. requirement
If you want to measure rpm but don't have display.
No problem. You can measure on Arduino's Serial Monitor on PC.
Simply connect data pin of IR sensor to Arduino's pin 2 and connect +5 & ground pin accordingly.
Upload code and test on Serial Monitor
LCD Display
The assembly looks like mess. But it's really simple. Connecting LCD display requires too much wires and connections.
So if you have I2C connector for LCD then I highly recommend to use it. It requires only 2 Arduino pins.
Code
The code uses unsigned long to store time. The code is written so that only when input from IR sensor changes from LOW to HIGH, it will proceed ie. calculate time difference. So it will be triggered only when leading edge of aluminium foil comes in front of the sensor. So there are less chances of false triggering. Each time one revolution is completed, arduino measures time required and it's corresponding rpm which is then displayed on LCD screen. LCD will refresh its value every 0.1 second.
LCD PIN CONNECTIONS
 1. VSS = Ground
 2. VCC = +5V
 3. VEE = Centre pin of Potentiometer
 4. RS = Pin 8
 5. RW = Ground
 6. E = Pin 9
 7. DB0 = N/C
 8. DB1 = N/C
 9. DB2 = N/C
 10. DB3 = N/C
 11. DB4 = Pin 4
 12. DB5 = Pin 5
 13. DB6 = Pin 6
 14. DB7 = Pin 7
 15. LED+ = +5V
 16. LED- = Ground
Step 4: Update 1 : How to Measure Speed (m/s or Km/hr) of Robot
If you are mounting this on a robot and want to know speed of your robot then follow this -
A very basic principle.
Speed = Perimeter of wheel * speed of wheel
But perimeter is Pi times the Diameter of wheel
So Speed = PI*D * speed of wheel
Speed(m/s) = Pi * D(in meter) * rps
Speed(km/hr) = Pi*D(in kilo meter) * rpm * 60
Add this in code
const int D = _____ ; // Diameter in cm (include at the top)
speed = 3.14159*(D/100)*(rpm/60) // speed in m/s
speed = 3.15159*(D/100000)*(rpm*60) // speed in km/hr
Step 5: Update 2 : Controlling Rpm of DC Motor
Now we know the rpm of the motor.
So it's not difficult to manage speed of the motor.
For this purpose we require a motor driver. EN (enable) pin on driver is used to vary speed of motor using PWM (pulse width management). So simply connect pwm pin (pin 11 used in code) to the EN pin on driver. Also set the pin on driver to HIGH which drives the motor.
Same thing can be done by using fast acting NPN transisor. Use resitors to limit current.
Potentiometer knob is used to set the rpm required.
TEST
I tested this code and assembly. Every thing is working well.
Code needed to be slightly fixed because rpm of motor fluctuates wrt set point (speed is not smooth).
But you can try it, it works well. If you have any solution then it will be great.
Advantage of using IR sensor for maintaining conatsnt speed of DC motor
Suppose somehow load is increased on the motor. Which will reduce the RPM of motor. By checking real time rpm, arduino will sense that rpm has been reduced. Accordingly arduino will send signal to increase power supplied to the motor in order to compensate the reduced RPM. Similar thing will happen if load is reduced. Thus a constant RPM will be managed in any condition.
Step 6: Tips and Troubleshooting
1) rpm does not remains stable / not accurate
Change sensitivity of IR sensor by turning knob. Use stand
2) Shows wrong RPM
Reset arduino because code uses micros() which overflows fast. if this not works change sensitivity
I will recommend you to use stand to hold IR sensor
Try this simple and useful RPM tester which is easy to make.
Give your feedback and suggestions.
Thanks :)
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 32 Discussions
 2
 sharaijaz
 sharaijaz
 1 year ago on Step 6
 Speed is not getting zero when motor stops, it hold last captured value
 0
 fk88884261
 fk88884261
 Reply 2 months ago
 put " refresh=millis(); " in last loop after " Serial.println(rpm); "
 0
 Rajshharpoloju
 Rajshharpoloju
 1 year ago
 Hlo I'm using i2c module for LCD what is the programme for it plz send me
 ....
 0
 harshas31
 harshas31
 Question 1 year ago
 hello bro , can you share how to measure distance covered by the wheel?
 0
 GiorgiQ
 GiorgiQ
 Question 1 year ago
 Hello
 I prepared your project. Very good idea
 I need 220v engine management 1KV 24000 RPM, accordingly I have developed a powerful regulator with the help of BTA16-600CW
 I have a problem,
 What is the problem?
 Thanks in advance
 0
 SergeyM39
 SergeyM39
 Question 1 year ago on Step 6
 well thank you very much, i succesfully made it, and i've a question/request pls make the PID tutorial by using IR Sensor (in this tutorial) for the feedback plsss really need it
 0
 Rahul - S
 Rahul - S
 Answer 1 year ago
 I am happy that you successfully made it. And thank you for your feedback, I will try PID tutorial sometime.
 0
 SergeyM39
 SergeyM39
 Reply 1 year ago
 anyway can you give the code for I2C Module, because i don't see it in this instructables thread sorry
 0
 SavioA1
 SavioA1
 Question 1 year ago on Step 5
 i really didint understand where to put the code for checking speed. can u rewrite the whole code for this project along with the speed code u gave.
 0
 ClaudiaS69
 ClaudiaS69
 Question 2 years ago
 Hi! I have to do something similar for a school project, but instead of using batteries to power the motor I have to power it from a 7-25V power source and maintain a constant speed when it reaches a certain voltage. Do you think your project idea will work on my project? If yes, what changes should I do in the circuit? Thank you!
 0
 totigo
 totigo
 2 years ago
 Just uploaded this to my board to verify it. I haven't tried using it with an IR sensor


text:
We've been scratching our heads over how to tackle this for some time, and are no more illuminated than when we started. I hope you can help. Our task is thus: how to draw a lake with a solid outer perimeter line and no lines between internal wetlands, shoals and shallows? 'Tis a relatively straightforward process with Arcinfo coverages and Regions, but alas, that is no longer a viable option for us, the datasets we use now are too large and the lack coverage editing ability in Arcmap crucial. Can cartographic representation solve our dilemma? Is it possible to create something like the below without resorting to creating (and managing) duplicating, or triplicating, geometries whose sole purpose is better looking maps?
With a feature class: Boundary between river and lake is visible. Keeping them as distinct polygons in one feature class allows a name attribute (the river and laker differ). Elsewhere the heavy line implies a sharp boundary between lake and shallows/intermittent lake, however the actual edge is indeterminate, fluctuating with seasons and high-low water cycles. The line should be implied rather than drawn.
With regions: One geometry, multiple attribute tables, multiple representations.
- Outer perimeter (ordinary high water mark) is cleanly delineated
- No apparent division between lake and river, but they still know which is which
- Shallow/intermittent waters are symbolized appropriately, with river shallows distinguished from lake shallows.
EDIT, 2001-Apr-18 - see this page for a map package simulation of what we're trying to achieve and the source arcinfo region coverage from which it is built.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


8 Patient Fibs Pharmacists Hate to Hear
Published on
The following was provided by Pharmacy Times:
When a patient lies to you, you may forgive the first offense, but if it continues, it can become tiresome. Worse yet, it can be dangerous and result in harmful drug interactions, higher treatment costs, or ineffective therapy. In fact, a WebMD survey found that 32% of patients reported "stretching the truth" when dealing with their health care providers. Only 13% admitted to outright lying. Additionally, patients between 25 and 34 years old were most likely to lie to their physicians, and they tended to lie about recreational drug use, sexual history, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Here are 8 patient fibs pharmacists hate to hear: CLICK HERE to read more.
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Kiss That World Podcast | Sustainability + Conservation + Environmentalism
Oct 30, 2018
Carter Brooks is a climate artist, philosopher, and philosopher of climate art. And how does one become a philosopher of climate art? For Carter the journey started with math, he was a whiz in high school and even wrote his own program for solitaire. He went to Yale for his undergrad and worked for several years before being struck by the immediacy and enormity of the climate crisis and went back to school for his masters. He knew this problem could not be solved in his lifetime, and after grieving reevaluated everything that he thought was important.


text:
For Full-Text PDF, please login, if you are a member of IEICE,|
or go to Pay Per View on menu list, if you are a nonmember of IEICE.
A Novel Two-Stage Channel Estimation Method for Wireless Communications
Wei-Jian LIN Tsui-Tsai LIN Chia-Chi HUANG
IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications
Publication Date: 2004/06/01
Print ISSN: 0916-8516
Type of Manuscript: PAPER
Category: Wireless Communication Technology
two-stage channel estimation, least-squares, correlation, maximum channel memory, mean square error,
Full Text: PDF>>
In this paper, we proposed a novel two-stage channel estimation (2S-CE) method. In contrast to conventional channel estimation methods, this method makes the maximum use of the information contributed by the known data in every transmission burst. In the first stage, the least-squares (LS) algorithm was used to estimate the channel impulse response (CIR) based on the normal training sequence. Then the maximum channel memory was estimated and used to locate the uncorrupted data in the guard interval. In the second stage, the uncorrupted data together with the normal training sequence were sent to the LS algorithm again to obtain the fine-tuned CIR. To verify the efficiency of the proposed 2S-CE method, both a theoretical analysis and computer simulations have been done. Computer simulation results confirm the analysis results and demonstrate that the proposed 2S-CE method outperforms a conventional single-stage channel estimation method.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Determining surface orientations of transparent objects based on polarization degrees in visible and infrared wavelengths
Techniques for modeling an object through observation are very important in object recognition and virtual reality. A wide variety of techniques have been developed for modeling objects with opaque surfaces, whereas less attention has been paid to objects with transparent surfaces. A transparent surface has only surface reflection; it has little body reflection. We present a new method for obtaining surface orientations of transparent surfaces through analysis of the degree of polarization in surface reflection and emission in visible and far-infrared wavelengths, respectively. This parameter, the polarization degree of reflected light at the visible wavelengths, is used for determining the surface orientation at a surface point. The polarization degree at visible wavelengths provides two possible solutions, and the proposed method uses the polarization degree at far-infrared wavelengths to resolve this ambiguity.
J. Opt. Soc. Am. A


text:
The relationship between thermographic asymmetry in various parts of the face and indices of ocular sympathetic outflow was examined in 80 patients with unilateral migrainous headache. Both during and between episodes of headache, the pupil on the symptomatic side dilated more slowly and less extensively in darkness than the opposite pupil, indicating that ocular sympathetic outflow was compromised in some patients. In such cases the upper forehead and orbital region were warmer on the symptomatic side during migraine. In contrast to these signs of a reduction in cervical sympathetic outflow, eyelid separation was greater on the symptomatic side in patients with headache on the side that was usually affected. During the headache-free interval no consistent thermographic asymmetry was detected and eyelid separation was similar on both sides. These findings suggest that extracranial vascular changes and ocular sympathetic dysfunction during migraine are secondary to activation of trigeminal-vascular reflexes or to antidromic release of vasoactive substances from trigeminal nerve terminals. A secondary deficit in the sympathetic pathway to the symptomatic pupil could also prevent the expression of an increase in sympathetic outflow during headache.
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text:
Definition of Rattened
1. ratten [v] - See also: ratten
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Rattened Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Rattened
Literary usage of Rattened
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. The Annual Register edited by Edmund Burke (1868)
"The men were not rattened, but Holdsworth's warehouse was blown up, and after the... They were aware that he could not be rattened at Butchers' wheel,..."
2. The Cutlery Trades: An Historical Essay in the Economics of Small-scale by Godfrey Isaac Howard Lloyd (1913)
"If, for example, it was desired to enforce payment of dues by the forgers, the grinders were often rattened in order to stop their work and so bring..."
3. Our Little Life: Essays Consolatory and Domestic with Some Others by Andrew Kennedy Hutchison Boyd (1882)
"And the persons who sit in judgment upon his doctrine, and decide whether or not he shall be rattened, are the ministers of neighbouring congregations : who..."

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Furth Family History
14-Day Free Trial
Furth Name Meaning
German (also Fürth): topographic name for someone living at a ford, Middle High German vurt 'ford', 'path', or a habitational name from any of several places called Fürth, for example near Nuremberg. Jewish (western Ashkenazic): habitational name of the same origin as 1. Possibly also a variant spelling of Firth.
Source: Dictionary of American Family Names ©2013, Oxford University Press
Similar surnames: Forth, Firth, North, Warth, Burt, Horth, Worth, Borth, Garth, Kurth


text:
Clinton Lk Nr Lawrence
June 6 2023
878 ft-0.03% today
100% of Normal • Normal
Water lake or reservoir water surface elevation above ngvd 1929, ft levels at Clinton Lk Nr Lawrence are currently 878 ft, about 100% of normal. The average for this time of year is approximately 878.7ft.
Maximum recorded Lake or reservoir water surface elevation above NGVD 1929, ft since record keeping began in 2007 was 2019-06-29 when levels reached 897.05 ft. Lowest recorded Lake or reservoir water surface elevation above NGVD 1929, ft was 2014-04-12 when levels receded to 871.04 ft.
Clinton Lake is a reservoir situated in the northeast of Lawrence, Kansas. The construction of the lake began in 1963 and was completed in 1977. Clinton Lake provides water supply for the City of Lawrence and also has recreational facilities. The lake has a catchment area of 161 square miles and the hydrology is mainly affected by rainfall and snowmelt. There are four main tributaries that provide surface flow to the lake, including Camp Creek, Rock Creek, Washington Creek, and Wakarusa River. Snowpack is also an important source of water for the lake. The lake is also used for agricultural purposes, including irrigation, and recreational activities, such as fishing, boating, and camping.
|Lake Or Reservoir Water Surface Elevation Above Ngvd 1929, Ft 24hr Change||-0.03%|
|Percent of Normal||100%|


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Recall that we call a map $i: A \rightarrow X$ a cofibration if it has the homotopy extension property. We will say a pointed space $X$ is well-pointed, if the inclusion of the basepoint $\{ * \} \hookrightarrow X$ is a cofibration.
A pointed cofibration $i: A \rightarrow X$ is a based map of pointed spaces that has the homotopy extension property with respect to homotopies respecting the basepoint. Note that a cofibration is always a pointed cofibration, but the converse is not true.
It is stated in May's "Concise Course in Algebraic Topology", although not proved, that if a map of well-pointed spaces is a pointed cofibartion, then it is already a cofibration. I've been trying to do it on my own using "the box method", but it didn't lead me anywhere.
How does one go to prove such statements? Is there any general method, any useful tricks?
I assume that all spaces are compactly generated weakly Hausdorff.
share|improve this question
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1 Answer
up vote 0 down vote accepted
This is lemma 1.3.4 in May's "More concise algebraic topology", it looks very technical.
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Your Answer


text:
Definition of folder
n. - One who, or that which, folds; esp., a flat, knifelike instrument used for folding paper. 2
The word "folder" uses 6 letters: D E F L O R.
Shorter words found within folder:
de del delf do doe doer dol dole dor dore ed ef el eld elf er fed feod fer fled floe foe fold for ford fore fro froe led lo lode lord lore od ode oe of old older ole or ore orle re red redo ref rod rode roe role rolf
List shorter words within folder, sorted by length
All words formed from folder by changing one letter
Browse words starting with folder by next letter


text:
Fire station #30, the first fire station manned by African Americans in the West, was established in 1924. Although the station was created in 1924, African Americans had been serving as firefighters in Los Angeles, California for decades, with Sam Haskins becoming the first Los Angeles fireman of African descent in 1892. In 1902 all the African American firemen were segregated to Hose Company #4, located on Loma Drive near Beverly Blvd.
Fire station #30 was created as an all African American station because of a fire that destroyed Belmont High School. The school was rebuilt in 1924 right across the street from Hose Company #4, and the school's administration and teachers, the Los Angeles School District, and local white residents did not want African Americans as firefighters and thus, in positions of authority, near their children.
As a solution, all of the city's African American firefighters were relocated. Fire station #30 was situated at 1401 Central Avenue, an area that was emerging as the city's black community because of racially restrictive covenants and because most African American newcomers to the city settled in the neighborhood.
The white firefighters who were forced to be relocated so station #30 could be used by African American firefighters trashed the firehouse kitchen in protest. They were ordered, however, to clean up the kitchen upon orders of Los Angeles Fire Chief, Ralph J. Scott, who also gave them a stern lecture.
As a result of the 1954 Supreme Court case Brown vs. Board of Education, "separate but equal" was no longer the law of the land and Los Angeles Mayor Norris Poulson ordered the fire chief, John H. Alderson, to integrate the fire department. Firefighting stations in Los Angeles integrated in 1955, and the men of station #30 and the second all black fire station (station #14, established in 1936) were transferred to other stations. There these men faced discrimination, hostility, and second class treatment at their new stations from their white counterparts.
Even as physical integration came to fire houses throughout Los Angeles, black firemen nonetheless sought to keep their ties to each other. The fraternal organization of African American firefighters called The Stentorians was founded in 1954 by Arnett Hartsfield Jr. who was a firefighter for fire station #30. The Stentorians are still operating in 2017.


text:
Smiley Energy Balls :
Select the Smiley balls by clicking and dragging your mouse. Make an energy ball to appear by turning all of the sphere area into pink. Longer the link, higher will be your score. Make the energy ball to reach the end, in the sphere's path. Longer links can be formed with the help of special balls. Instructions:
Use mouse to interact.


text:
Reverse Logistics (RL) is a full member of a Supply Chain. As such, it must contribute by adding value to the latter. Moreover, firms are now supposed toprove they are citizens socially responsible for their acts and their consequences on the environment. We present in this article a conceptual framework in which RL is a source of competitive advantage. A qualitative
study identifies the corresponding concepts. We offer the basis of aquantitative study on the required means for a RL to create a competitive advantage in a supply chain. Among the recommendations of the article, we can mention top management's involvement, dedicated information systems and collaboration with other links in the chain.
F. Brach, X. Brusset, Revue Française de Gestion Industrielle vol.33(1), pp 33-53, (CNRS4), 2014.
Reverse logistique, supply chain management, étude qualitative


text:
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The new spiral groove mechanical seal is a kind of non-contact seals and which can achieve "zero leakage". In recent years, we take it to a wide range of applications in aviation, petrochemical and other fields. This paper uses professional fluid analysis software CFD to build detailed models to analyze performance of spiral groove mechanical seals. It has discussed the influence on the spiral groove mechanical seals performance by different seal structure parameters and working parameters in stable state and the results are compared with experimental data. The results show that no matter pressure difference exists or not, spiral groove can produce pumping effect. There is a great pressure gradient along the radial direction and obviously different pressure distribution between the groove area and the non-groove area. The spiral groove pumping effect not only increases as the shaft speed increases, but also increases as the medium viscosity increases. Compared to the outlet pressure, the effect of inlet on performance of seals is obvious. Carrying capacity of film liquid is inversely proportional to the change of film thickness. The influence of geometric parameters on sealing performance is significant, and sealing performance improvement relies on the optimization design of the geometric structure.


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The most enduring legacy from the 1962 Seattle World's Fair can be found at the Seattle Center, with its Space Needle dominating the city's skyline and defining its worldwide image.
But 60 miles south, Tumwater Falls Park, with its picturesque waterfall, historic roots and half-mile trail along the Deschutes River, also claims its place among the many lasting monuments to that six-month gathering 55 years ago.
Just as Seattle and surrounding areas use Seattle Center as a place to play, Tumwater Falls Park has become a place for the local community and visitors to enjoy the natural beauty of the area.
"It's the heart and soul of Tumwater, like an oasis in the middle of the city – a sanctuary" says Don Trosper, public history manager for the Olympia Tumwater Foundation, which built and maintains the park.
Even with Interstate-5 bordering the park on one side and busy Capitol Boulevard on the other, the sound of flowing water draws people to the natural serenity of the park, muffling the din of modern life, says John Freedman, executive director of the park. "We want to preserve the natural beauty."
The roots of this modern incarnation of "Deschutes canyon" began at a board meeting of the Foundation in December 1961, four months before the fair opened.
The foundation was established in 1950 to enable the Olympia Brewing Company and the Schmidt family who owned and ran it to channel money for projects and philanthropic activities. Its first project was the Tivoli Fountain on the Capitol Campus.
In 1961, the foundation's board saw opportunity in the traffic flowing to the fair on the newly finished freeway. Brewery tours were hugely popular, but once complete, tour guides could not point to an easily accessible park area where families could relax.
"They saw it (the park) as a great marketing idea," says Karen Johnson, curator for the foundation, which also oversees operations of the nearby Schmidt House. She says "a lot of people had their hands in the pie" to get it built, including prominent local grocer Carl Reder, whose son Joe ran the park for many years.
The park proved a big hit. In its early years, about 400,000 people visited annually; it has since stabilized at about 250,000, Freedman said. It's one of the top five tourist attractions in the county, Trosper adds.
The park, owned by the Foundation, was built exclusively with private money at a cost of $430,000. It still operates with no public money.
The park of that era looks much as it does now – paths meander down either side of the river, connected by two scenic bridges. Under nearby shade trees are picnic tables and a small playground. A state-run fish hatchery is located near the Upper Falls. But Trosper said the park area's bucolic present belies its bustling past.
"This is not how it started," Trosper says during a fascinating River Talk he leads on Thursday nights during the summer.
Michael T. Simmons, leader of the first band of white settlers, was immediately attracted by the river's potential: "This is going to be the place where we settle," he said.
The name "Tumwater" is a derivation of the Indian world "tum chuck" – meaning "noisy water." "Deschutes" is a derivation of a name given to the river by French trappers and traders, Trosper said.
Since 1845, the site has been home to a grist mill, sawmill, power plant, tannery, ice company, railroad line, flour mill and a park.
Hazard Stevens, son of the first territorial governor, opened an animal park nearby, below what is now the Falls Terrace Restaurant. Elk, swans and even a bear were among the attractions in what Freedman and Trosper describe as "an early version of Northwest Trek." Stevens wanted an attraction for the new street trolley system he helped finance to shuttle people from Olympia to "the wilds" of Tumwater.
A natural amphitheater on the brewery side of the park, with bleacher-type seats and a footbridge across the river, was developed. Concerts, conventions and other social occasions were held there. Among the social events noted by an Olympian article in 1892:
"The grove along the right side of the Deschutes River …is being cleared and winding walks and trails installed there. It is expected that a vast amount of Olympia love-making will be done in this delightful little park, made accessible by the electric car."
Until I-5 was built, Deschutes Parkway, parallel to the river park, was the main street of Tumwater, where businesses flourished and residents lived.
Surprisingly, what was not there when white settlers arrived were salmon. The river was not a natural salmon run. Salmon were introduced by the newcomers, who built fish ladders, some of which date to the 1890s. Watching the salmon fight their way upstream is a highlight for park visitors each fall.
Some change may be in the offing. The Falls Park and Historical Park may be connected and the salmon hatchery by the Upper Falls is scheduled to be moved. But mostly, Freedman says, the park will remain as people know and love it
"It's not broke, so why fix it?" he said.


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850 Model Incline-Vacuum
Choose the 850 Model Incline-Vacuum for a variety of situations.
Groundwork supplies the Model 850 Incline Hydro Vacuum.
This model can be utilised in a variety of different situations and is useful for:
- Cleaning a valve or meter box by using its hydro-vacuum excavation system.
- Replacing a damaged valve box, or resetting a valve or meter box.
- Removing asphalt or concrete from above and around a valve box using the hydraulic driven jackhammer or concrete saw.
- Removing large volumes of water from a pit or meter box (utilising the 300 GPM hydraulic driven submersible pump).
- Reaching difficult places – the hydraulic powered 13″ boom can reach most challenging locations.
For more information about this model please contact us here.


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Korean pancake-Haemul pajeon-03.jpg
Haemul pajeon (seafood scallion pancake)
Type Jeon
Place of origin Korea
Main ingredients Batter (eggs, wheat flour, rice flour, green onions)
Cookbook: Pajeon Media: Pajeon
Hangul 파전
Hanja 파煎
Revised Romanization pajeon
McCune–Reischauer p'ajǒn
Pajeon is a variety of jeon with green onions as its prominent ingredient, as pa literally means 'green/spring onion' in Korean. It is a pancake-like Korean dish made from a batter of eggs, wheat flour, rice flour, green onions, and often other additional ingredients depending on the variety. Beef, pork, kimchi, shellfish, and other seafood are mostly used.[1] If one of these ingredients, such as squid, dominates the jeon, the name will reflect that; ojing'eo jeon (오징어전) is'squid jeon.'
Pajeon is usually recognizable by the highly visible green onions. It is similar to a Chinese green onion pancake in appearance but is less dense in texture and not made from a dough.[1] It is not to be confused with bindaetteok, which is a mung bean pancake.
Seafood pajeon[edit]
In Korean, a seafood pajeon is called haemul pajeon (해물파전). Various seafood are used in the batter and toppings, e.g. oysters, shrimp, squid, clams.[2]
Dongnae pajeon[edit]
Dongnae pajeon
Dongnae pajeon is named after Dongnaesung (동래성), a former fortress in the Joseon Dynasty and now a district in the city of Busan. Dongnae was a prominent battleground during the Imjin War[3] and legend says the people of Dongnae threw green onions while defeating the invading Japanese soldiers. Dongnae pajeon was made in honor of the victory.[4]
The dish was also presented at the king's table and became popular when the Dongnae market flourished in the Joseon era.[5]
Dongnae pajeon is usually made from a batter of rice flour, glutinous rice flour, eggs, and gochujang. Soft spring onions, beef, clams, mussels, oysters, shrimp and other seafood are also added.[5]
See also[edit]
Other countries[edit]
 1. ^ a b (Korean) Pajeon at Doosan Encyclopedia
 2. ^ Goldberg, Lina "Asia's 10 greatest street food cities" CNN Go. 23 March 2012. Retrieved 2012-04-11
 3. ^ (Korean) Dongnae Fortress at Doosan Encyclopedia
 4. ^ (Korean) Dongnae pajeon at Doosan Encyclopedia
 5. ^ a b (Korean) Dongnae pajeon - Dongnae Pajeon Research Group, Dongnae-gu office
External links[edit]


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Inspection Control - Focus on Stamp Warranty
After completing this course, the student should be familiar with the basics and importance of the stamp warranty inspection control. The student should completely understand the procedures required for implementing and maintaining an inspection control program with a stamp warranty focus.
Why Learn about Stamp Warranty?
Aerospace projects consist of complex systems of interdependent components. To ensure that the entire system works properly, it is of utmost importance that all of its components are functional and integrated seamlessly. To guarantee this, it is necessary that the system and its components be inspected at different points throughout the project life. Inspection control and the uses of stamps allows you to keep track of the inspections that different components of the system have undergone. While this course describes the methods used by NASA, for academic payload projects you could adopt simpler versions of the inspection control procedures. The main purpose of proof of inspection is still valid for your project.
- What is Inspection Control?
- Personal Warranty in Inspection Control
- Inspection Control System
- Stamps and Marking Materials
- Stamp Designs
This course's structure is strongly based on NASA's SMA Technical Excellence Program (STEP) - "Inspection Control and Personal Warranty", SMA-QE-WBT-252 and "Inspection", SMA-QE-WBT-251, courses, images and content are courtesy of the NASA STEP program.


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Why is sugar solution a mixture?
Water is a solvent and sugar is the solute. When sugar is added to water, a solution is formed as the sugar crystals dissolve. The sugar particles are still there in solution, however, they are evenly mixed. They have not changed into something different. A mixture is when two or more different substances are mixed but not chemically combined. However, a mixture can be separated again by physical means. Evaporation is one easy method to separate the sugar from the water. If one boils this solution, only the water will evaporate out of the mixture at 100 degrees Celsius. The water will change to gas and the solid sugar will remain behind. Eventually, the sugar will recrystallize when the particles cool.


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Working paper 108
Two parallel tracks of research on economic transformation in developing countries have operated at a distance from each other over the last two decades. A global track – global value chains/global production networks (GVC/GPNs) – has focused on the increasing interconnectedness of global trading networks and has overlooked the role of the state and the explanatory power of domestic political economy. Meanwhile, a domestic track – including literature on developmental states, industrial policy and political settlements – has tended to take a methodologically nationalist perspective to examine economic transformation in developing countries, with limited reflections on external economic and political pressures. This paper contributes to an emerging stream of literature that examines how the domestic and global scales influence how developing country governments and firms tackle the challenge of economic upgrading. By combining insights from the political settlements and GVC/GPNs literature, this paper examines the Rwandan government's attempt at upgrading its coffee production to enter specialty coffee markets. It shows how the existing GVC/GPNs literature makes an important contribution to describing how multipolar governance influences the pathways for economic upgrading in Rwanda's coffee sector, but that even where access is granted, benefits are captive to the demands of international buyers, and gains for some have not translated across the sector. Insights from the political settlements literature showcase how domestic politics influences who benefits from insertion to GVC/GPNs and how the unequal provision of opportunities affects political stability.


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I have a very stupid question: I often see that the volume entropy of a compact Riemmannian manifold with negative curvature coincide with the Hausdorff dim of the limit set or Patterson sullivan measure on the boundary.
But the volume entropy is not invariant under scaling of the measure, and I assume the dimension of limit set is. So what is the correct normalization to make the claim above true?
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"Hausdorff dim of" what "limit set"? $\:$ – Ricky Demer May 17 '13 at 21:42
In this context, limit set is the ideal boundary of the universal cover. Classically, one uses this in the case of Kleinian groups. Then the right formula is that volume entropy equals Hausdorff dimension of the conical limit set of the group (which could be less than dimension of the full limit set). See Nicholls' book "Ergodic theory of discrete groups". Normalization in variable curvature was worked out in papers by Besson, Courtois and Gallot (maybe also Hammenstadt) and you only have an inequality. Equality if I remember correctly is only in curvature -1 case. – Misha May 17 '13 at 22:33
See also and references therein. – Misha May 17 '13 at 22:33
Thanks Misha, the answer is very helpful. While I'll try to look it up in the BCG papers, do you happen to remember in which direction the inequality is, between entropy and dimension, for non-constantly curved manifolds? – Jerry May 17 '13 at 23:44
1 Answer 1
For the geodesic flow on the unit tangent bundle of a compact manifold with nonpositive curvature, a classical result of Manning asserts that the topological entropy of the geodesic flow equals the volume entropy of the universal cover. This is true in variable (nonpositive) curvature.
For the geodesic flow on the unit tangent bundle of a negatively curved manifold, the topological entropy is equal to the critical exponent of the fundamental group of the manifold (result due to Otal-Peigné in full generality. You just have to assume that the curvature is bounded between two negative constants).
The critical exponent of the group is always equal to the Hausdorff dimension of the conical (also called radial) limit set of the group acting on the boundary at infinity (in variable negative curvature). I don't remember if the result in this generality is due to Sullivan (he writes in curvature -1, but the arguments are often general), or maybe to Bishop-Jones.
For general noncompact manifolds, the critical exponent(=topological entropy) is strictly smaller than the dimension of the boundary. In this situation it is not reasonable to expect an equality with the volume entropy of the universal cover, which is the common value of the topological entropies of all geodesic flows of all compact quotients.
An interesting phenomenon arises in the finite volume case. One could expect that the result of Manning could still be true. In fact, if the curvature varies too much in the cusps, the equality fails to happen. See here a work of Dalbo Peigne Picaud Sambusetti
For your question of normalization: I believe that when you scale the metric of the manifold, you scale also the natural distances on the boundary, and therefore Hausdorff dimension of limit sets.
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Percentage Of Completion Method
Definition of 'Percentage Of Completion Method'
An accounting method in which the revenues and expenses of long-term contracts are recognized yearly as a percentage of the work completed during that year. This is the opposite of the completed contract method, which allows taxpayers to defer the reporting of any income and expenses until a long-term project is completed. The percentage of completion method of accounting is commonly used in construction projects.
Investopedia explains 'Percentage Of Completion Method'
The percentage of completion method of accounting requires the reporting of revenues and expenses on a yearly basis, as determined by the percentage of the contract that has been fulfilled. The current income and expenses are compared with the total estimated costs to determine the tax liability for the year. For example, a project that is 30% complete in year one and 45% complete in year two would only have the incremental 15% of revenue recognized in the second year.
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The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) is the central banking institution and the de facto central bank of Hong Kong. It was established in 1993 as an independent authority under the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) government. The HKMA is responsible for maintaining the stability and integrity of Hong Kong's monetary and financial systems.
The mission of the HKMA is to maintain monetary and financial stability in Hong Kong, promote the integrity and efficiency of the financial system, and safeguard the interests of depositors.
The vision of the HKMA is to be a world-class monetary and financial authority that ensures Hong Kong's monetary stability, fosters a robust and competitive financial system, supports sustainable economic growth, and enhances the well-being of the people of Hong Kong. The HKMA aims to be a trusted and proactive regulator, a promoter of financial innovation, and a global leader in central banking and financial supervision.
The Role of HKMA in Ensuring Financial Stability in Hong Kong
The HKMA plays a crucial role in ensuring financial stability in Hong Kong. Here are some key aspects of its role:
- Monetary Policy Implementation:
The HKMA is responsible for maintaining the stability of the Hong Kong dollar exchange rate. It employs a linked exchange rate system, where the Hong Kong dollar is pegged to the U.S. dollar within a specified range. The HKMA conducts interventions in the foreign exchange market to maintain the stability of the exchange rate.
- Banking Regulation and Supervision:
The HKMA is the key regulatory authority overseeing banks and other authorized financial institutions in Hong Kong. It implements prudential regulations, sets standards, and conducts ongoing supervision to ensure the safety and soundness of the banking system. The HKMA assesses the financial health, risk management practices, and governance of banks to mitigate potential systemic risks.
- Crisis Management and Contingency Planning:
The HKMA develops and implements contingency plans to address potential financial crises and disruptions. It works closely with banks and relevant stakeholders to enhance preparedness and resilience in the face of systemic risks. The HKMA conducts stress tests and risk assessments to identify vulnerabilities and takes appropriate measures to mitigate potential threats to financial stability.
- Market Operations and Liquidity Management:
The HKMA manages the liquidity in the banking system to ensure the stability and smooth functioning of financial markets. It conducts open market operations, provides liquidity facilities, and monitors market conditions to maintain an orderly money market and support the stability of the financial system.
- Financial Infrastructure Development:
The HKMA promotes the development and efficiency of financial infrastructure in Hong Kong. It oversees payment systems, clearing and settlement systems, and other financial market infrastructures to ensure their smooth and secure operation. The HKMA encourages the adoption of innovative technologies and fosters a conducive environment for financial technology (Fintech) innovation.
- International Cooperation:
The HKMA actively engages in international cooperation and collaboration with other central banks, regulatory bodies, and international organizations. It participates in global discussions and initiatives related to financial stability, sharing insights and contributing to the development of international regulatory standards.
Through these functions, the HKMA plays a vital role in ensuring monetary stability, financial system integrity, crisis management, liquidity management, the development of financial infrastructure, and international cooperation in the financial sector.
Banking Regulation and Supervision by HKMA
The HKMA is responsible for the regulation and supervision of banks and other authorized financial institutions in Hong Kong. Here are the key aspects of its banking regulation and supervision role:
- Licensing and Authorization: The HKMA is responsible for granting licenses to banks and financial institutions operating in Hong Kong. It assesses the fitness and propriety of applicants, ensuring that they meet the required standards and comply with relevant regulations and guidelines.
- Prudential Regulation: The HKMA sets and enforces prudential rules and regulations to ensure the safety and soundness of the banking system. This includes requirements related to capital adequacy, liquidity management, risk management, corporate governance, and anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing measures.
- Ongoing Supervision: The HKMA conducts ongoing supervision of banks and financial institutions to monitor their compliance with regulatory requirements. It employs a risk-based approach, assessing the financial health, risk management practices, and governance of institutions to identify and mitigate potential risks.
- Off-site Monitoring and Reporting: The HKMA collects regular financial data and other relevant information from banks and financial institutions to monitor their operations and assess their overall risk profile. This off-site monitoring helps identify trends, emerging risks, and potential vulnerabilities in the banking system.
- On-site Inspections: The HKMA conducts periodic on-site inspections of banks and financial institutions to assess their compliance with regulatory requirements. These inspections involve reviewing internal controls, risk management frameworks, and operational procedures to ensure adherence to established standards.
- Crisis Management and Resolution: The HKMA plays a crucial role in managing and resolving banking crises or failures. It develops and maintains contingency plans, collaborates with relevant stakeholders, and takes appropriate actions to safeguard the stability of the financial system in times of distress.
- Consumer Protection: The HKMA promotes consumer protection in the banking sector by setting standards for fair and responsible banking practices. It oversees the handling of customer complaints and takes appropriate actions to address misconduct or unfair practices by banks.
Anti-Money Laundering and the Hong Kong Monetary Authority
Recognized as an international financial center and a hub for monetary flows, the HKMA places significant emphasis on protecting the integrity and stability of its financial systems through the implementation of Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing (AML/CFT) obligations that adhere to international standards.
The banking sector, as the primary component of the financial system, plays a critical role in this regulatory regime. The HKMA has been at the forefront of establishing AML/CFT systems, which encompass preventive measures such as Customer Due Diligence (CDD), transaction monitoring, and record-keeping to identify and mitigate risks associated with money laundering and terrorist financing.
One of the key aspects of AML/CFT implementation is conducting Customer Due Diligence. Banks systematically gathered information from customers and trusted sources during the account opening process. This information allows banks to establish the normal and expected banking transactions of customers, enabling them to identify and prevent any potential misuse of banking services.
The HKMA sets guidelines and requirements for banks to perform comprehensive CDD procedures, ensuring that adequate information about customers, their business activities, and sources of funds is obtained and verified. By implementing robust CDD measures, banks can assess the level of risk associated with individual customers and transactions, enabling them to identify any suspicious or unusual activities that may indicate potential money laundering or terrorist financing.
Transaction monitoring is another critical element of the AML/CFT regime. Banks employ advanced systems and technologies to monitor customer transactions in real-time, enabling the detection of patterns and behaviors that deviate from normal banking activities. Unusual or suspicious transactions trigger alerts, which are then subject to further investigation by banks to determine their legitimacy. The HKMA provides guidance and oversight to ensure that banks have effective transaction monitoring systems in place.
By implementing stringent AML/CFT measures, the HKMA aims to ensure the integrity of Hong Kong's financial system and preserve its reputation as a trusted and well-regulated international financial center.


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Congratulations to Environment Institute's Associate Professor Alec Zuo, who was awarded an Australian Research Council (ARC) Future Fellowship for his project 'Quantifying the economic and social impacts of drought in rural Australia' in the recently announced round.
Project Title: Quantifying the economic and social impacts of drought in rural Australia
Funding awarded: $1,035,279
Project: Climate-change research predicts drought is likely to increase its frequency, duration and severity, drastically challenging Australian agriculture and rural societies. The aim of this project is to use innovative techniques to analyse:
- (i) national datasets to determine the economic and social impacts of droughts in rural and regional Australia; and
- (ii) the results of a national survey to estimate and understand farmers' drought adaptation responses to carbon-credit market signals.
The outcomes are expected to be a major step in developing and implementing cost-effective drought policies and services to minimise its complex impacts, strengthen rural and regional community resilience, and enhance sustainable agriculture in Australia.
For more details about the recent ARC Future Fellowships announcements.


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Background: There has been no study conducted about the effect of autosuggestion on quality of life for geriatric patients. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of autosuggestion for geriatric patients' quality of life and its impact on psycho-neuro-endocrine-immune pathway. Methods: Sixty geriatric patients aged ≥60 years in a ward were randomly assigned to either receive autosuggestion or not. Autosuggestion was recorded in a tape to be heard daily for 30 days. Both groups received the standard medical therapy. Primary outcome was quality of life by COOP chart. Secondary outcomes were serum cortisol level, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, interferon-γ, and N-acetylaspartate/creatine ratio in limbic/paralimbic system by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The study was single blinded due to the nature of the intervention studied. Results: Out of 60 subjects, 51 finished the study. The autosuggestion group reported better scores than the control one for quality of life, COOP chart 1.95 vs. 2.22 (95% CI, p = 0.02). There were increments of serum cortisol (p = 0.03) and interleukin-6 in the autosuggestion group (p = 0.04). Interleukin-2, interferon-γ, and N-acetylaspartate/creatine ratio in prefrontal cortex showed a tendency to increase in the autosuggestion groups. Conclusion: Autosuggestion is associated with improvement of geriatrics' quality of life, serum cortisol level, and adaptive immunity. There is a better trend for neuroplasticity in prefrontal cortex in the autosuggestion group.
- quality of life
- serum cortisol


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Customizing the Windows Common File Open Dialog
, 19 Nov 1999
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 Abstract
 This article describes how to go beyond the normal customization associated with the Windows common file open dialog. The common file open dialog is easily one of the most often customized entity in the Windows world, but given the limited customization options included with it, it usually isn't very intuitive as to how go about customizing it the way you want. This article tells you how to make it look and behave the way you want it to. Readers are reminded that though the following ideas and concepts deal with the common file open dialog, the techniques presented here can easily be applied to any other common dialog as well.
 Aim
 Customizing the common file open dialog has the following goals:
 1. Start up in a particular desired directory, specified by the client.
 2. Display only folders in that directory, not files.
 3. Hide the two buttons of the toolbar, so that the user cannot move up one level or create a new folder.
 4. Make the combo box on the top of the dialog that shows the current folder read only, so that the user may not select another directory from here.
 5. Prevent the user from changing directory when user types in different paths in the edit box at the bottom of the dialog. Includes wild card characters.
 Basic Architecture
 Basically the following steps need to be taken, to achieve the above goals:
 1. Create a common file open dialog.
 2. Setup a hook that intercepts all messages that flow to the common file open dialog.
 3. Trap desired messages, for desired child windows-say, the toolbar or the combo box.
 4. Change the behavior by writing customization code.
 In Detail
 Creating the common file open dialog
 Creating the common file open dialog is a simple process. However, it should be sub-classed first. Sub-classing is necessary, because we need access to the dialog's OnInitDialog() handler, which is where we basically set up a hook. Towards this end, we have a class CCustomFileDlg derived publicly from CFileDialog. The OnInitDialog() function is overridden. Also, the destructor for the derived class removes the hook that was set in the OnInitDialog() function. The m_ofn structure is filled with relevant details, and DoModal() is called to create and display the dialog.
 Making Controls Read Only
 In the dialog's OnInitDialog() handler, first, the combo box on the top of the dialog is made read only. This is done by enumerating the child windows, till we reach the combo box and its handle. The EnumChildProc() function does this:
 BOOL CALLBACK EnumChildProc(HWND hWnd, LPARAM lParam)
 {
 int id = ::GetDlgCtrlID(hWnd);
 switch(id)
 {
 case LOOK_IN_COMBO : // Combo box on top of the dialog
 ::EnableWindow(hWnd, FALSE);
 break;
 }

 return TRUE;
 }

 The id for the combo box is identified by LOOK_IN_COMBO, is 1137 and is defined in the header file.
 Setting the Hook
 The hook is set as follows, in the OnInitDialog() handler:
 HookHandle = SetWindowsHookEx( WH_CALLWNDPROC,
 (HOOKPROC) Hooker,
 (HINSTANCE)NULL,
 (DWORD)GetCurrentThreadId() );

 The hook is of type WH_CALLWNDPROC. This means that the hook gets all messages first, before the target window procedure(s) gets it. Therefore, custom processing can be made at this point, since we get a first crack at the message.
 Inside the Hook Procedure
 The hook procedure is passed a pointer to a CWPSTRUCT in its LPARAM. This structure contains the following information, about the message intended for a particular window:
 1. LPARAM
 2. WPARAM
 3. Message
 4. Window Handle
 For our purposes, the window handle and the message are the most important. Much processing will depend on these two parameters.
 The main reason we have this hook is that we cannot subclass the controls on the dialog straight away, since some of the controls, such as the list view control and toolbar do not even exist in the common dialog template, which is present in the VC++ include directory. Also, their id's are not known-they are not available in the template, which makes things much harder to work with. Stranger still, there is a list box control with an id lst1 that seems to be in the template for no rhyme or reason. This is hidden, and the list view control sits on top of it, when the dialog shows up.
 Two of the most important things when working with windows are its handle and id. One major problem with the sub-classing approach is as follows: In order to sub-class a control, the control must be there first! The list view control on start up shows the folders and files. We can now sub-class it, but then, the damage is already done-it shows the folders and files-we need only the files! Ideally, we need something that intercepts the list view control before it initializes, so that we can remove the folders-and then, we can let the list view control continue to display only the files. Using a hook is most convenient for us since it circumvents certain problems of traditional sub-classing. One of the main advantages of using a WH_CALLBACK type hook is that before a control gets the message, we get it first. Therefore, we can trap an intended message for the list view control, and modify it by changing processing. Further, the CWPSTRUCT pointer passed in to the hook via the LPARAM has vital information that we can put to use-the window handle and message.
 The hook is a catchall. In other words, all messages generated go to the hook first. Since we want to select which windows we need to modify, we must first identify the target window handle. This is done by using the GetClassName() API on the window handle obtained via the CWPSTRUCT. GetClassName() returns the class name as a string, of the window we're interested in. For the list view control's handle, GetClassName() returns "syslistview32" and for the toolbar, it returns "toolbarwindow32". And for the last control we want to modify, the edit control, it returns "edit".
 The following code shows how to obtain the class name for a control whose handle is identified in the CWPSTRUCT pointer:
 CWPSTRUCT *x = (CWPSTRUCT*)lParam;
 GetClassName(x -> hwnd, szClassName, MAX_CHAR);

 Using the relevant class names, we do processing accordingly. For example, if it is a "syslistview32" based control, do something, if it is a "toolbarwindow32" based control, do something else, etc. This is achieved by making simple calls to strcmp().
 Customizing the List View Control
 Here is the code:
 if (strcmp(_strlwr(szClassName), "syslistview32") == 0)
 {
 switch(x->message)
 {
 case WM_NCPAINT :
 case LAST_LISTVIEW_MSG : // Magic message sent after all items are inserted
 {
 int count = ListView_GetItemCount(x-> hwnd);
 for(int i= 0; i < count; i++)
 {
 item.mask = LVIF_TEXT | LVIF_PARAM;
 item.iItem = i;
 item.iSubItem = 0;
 item.pszText = szItemName;
 item.cchTextMax = MAX_CHAR;
 ListView_GetItem(x -> hwnd, &item);

 if (GetFileAttributes(szItemName) & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
 ListView_DeleteItem(x -> hwnd, i);
 break;
 }
 }
 } // end switch
 HideToolbarBtns(hWndToolbar);
 } // end if

 A check is performed first using strcmp() to make sure it is the list view control. If it is, we switch to the message part of the CWPSTRUCT pointer (in this case, x). Two messages are trapped, WM_NCPAINT needed so that folder items can be removed before the list view control actually shows up and LAST_LISTVIEW_MSG (defined in my header file) which is the last message the list view control receives after displaying all items. The message has a value of 4146, which I figured out by studying the messages to the list view control.
 Since we now have a handle to the list view control, we can perform ordinary list view control operations-in this case, we simply run down the entire list of items, checking to see if any item has the FILE_


text:
All students must minimally meet the requirements for general admission to South College. General admission to South College does not guarantee admission to the accounting or business programs. Program admission is not granted until the following is met.
The Bachelor of Business Administration requires successful completion of 60 hours of the required curriculum at South College, earning the minimum grades required by the program.
Through completion of the Bachelor of Business Administration program, students will:
- Integrate analytic and quantitative techniques to develop and implement well-supported decisions.
- Examine current management practices and compose business correspondence necessary for communication and policy implementation in organizations.
- Develop a marketing plan using marketing research, product development, pricing, distribution, and promotion strategies.
- Evaluate business policies and strategies for effective organizational decision making.
- Analyze and develop financial statements, journals, and ledgers as part of the accounting cycle.


ASL Linguistics: Noun / Verb Pairs
Noun/Verb pairs are signs that use the same handshape, location, and orientation, but have a different movement. The verb of a noun verb pair generally has a single, continuous movement that is larger than the movement of the noun. The motion of a noun of a noun verb pair is generally a double movement that is smaller than that of a verb.
Got that?
Verbs (of noun/verb pairs) use a single movement.
Nouns (of noun/verb pairs) use a double movement.
A good example of a noun verb pair is the "CHAIR/SIT."
If I do this motion once, it means sit.
If I do the movement twice, it means CHAIR.
But sometimes if I'm in a hurry I'll only do the movement once and my friends still understand me. Why? Because of context. The rest of the sentence makes the meaning clear for me.
For more on this topic, see: "Compounds"
Want to help support Lifeprint / ASLU? It's easy!


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Actions
Please note that as of October 24, 2014, the Nokia Developer Wiki will no longer be accepting user contributions, including new entries, edits and comments, as we begin transitioning to our new home, in the Windows Phone Development Wiki. We plan to move over the majority of the existing entries. Thanks for all your past and future contributions.
Retrieving the content of RichTextEditor at the tapped position on 5th Edition devices
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Article Metadata
Tested with
Devices(s): Nokia 5800 XpressMusic
Compatibility
Platform(s): S60 5th Edition
S60 5th Edition
Article
Keywords: HandlePointerEventL, CEikRichTextEditor
Created: User:TechnicalWriter2 (23 Jun 2009)
Last edited: hamishwillee (01 Aug 2012)
Contents
Overview
This article explains how to retrieve the content of RichTextEditor at the tapped position.
Description
As S60 5th Edition devices are touch sensitive, the pointer events can be captured using HandlePointerEventL(). This is also used to handle such events as pointer down/up and dragging. Thus a class derived from CCoeControl can implement the HandlePointerEventL() function for customising the handling of pointer events.
In order to get the contents of the Editor, first we need to get the co-ordinates of the tapped event and then identify the document position of the nearest character edge to the window coordinates specified. This helps in retrieving the content (entire word) nearest to the tapped position.
Solution
Headers Required
#include <FRMTVIEW.H>
#include <TXTRICH.H>
Libraries
LIBRARY etext.lib
LIBRARY form.lib
The following code snippet enables the retrieving of the contents of the editor at the tapped position. This has to be used in HandlePointerEentL().
 TPoint tapPoint( aPointerEvent.iPosition );
//iEditor is a CEikRichTextEditor object
CTextView* iTextView = iEditor->TextView();
//Get the current document position based on the point where the stylus is tapped.
TInt docPos(iTextView->XyPosToDocPosL( tapPoint ) );
TInt start( 0 );
TInt length( 0 );
//By passing the current position of the document you can get the word information
//(the start position and the length)
iEditor->RichText()->GetWordInfo(docPos,start,length, EFalse, EFalse);
if ( aPointerEvent.iType == TPointerEvent::EButton1Down )
{
// Based on the start position and the length get the word information.
// using the method Mid(TInt aPos, TInt aLength) const;
// the word at the tapped position can also be modifed
}
The above code snippet can also be used for highlighted items like URLs, phone numbers, and HTTP addresses. The Item Finder API can be used for highlighting URLs, phone numbers, and HTTP addresses.
In order to identify whether the stylus is tapped on the tag or not, the method CursorOverTag() can be used. The method returns a boolean value besides giving the start position and the length of the tag.
TBool iFlag = iEditor->RichText()->CursorOverTag( docPos, parser, start, length );
Related Links
For information on the Item Finder API, see the following link: Item Finder API
This page was last modified on 1 August 2012, at 04:40.
30 page views in the last 30 days.
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text:
Partnership Resource Projects
Wee-g: Field testing a miniaturized MEMS gravimeter – Bridgeporth and University of Glasgow
The University of Glasgow has built and tested a laboratory based Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) gravimeter – Wee-g.
The MEMS device is small and offers the potential for the best cost to performance ratio of all commercially available gravimeters. The sensitivity shown in the laboratory is comparable to best in class devices but has to be shown to work in the field before it will attract investment.
There has already been industrial interest shown in the Wee-g and the advice is that its control/readout electronics have to be re-packaged in order for field tests can be undertaken.
This project has three objectives:
– to develop an early stage mobile prototype of the MEMS gravimeter which currently exists as a laboratory prototype, TRL level 3,
– to field test the gravimeter and compare its performance against an industry standard gravimeter on either an exploration project or against a known gravitational anomaly
– to identify areas for design improvement to develop a full demonstrator
Bridgeporth have offered to test the MEMS device in the field and to undertake comparative testing against a standard commercial gravimeter. The results of the project will be used to inform the design for a full demonstrator which will also incorporate quantum sensing interferometer techniques to further improve noise performance and device sensitivity. This project is in line with work package three of the QuantIC programme.
Bridgeporth is a specialist geosciences company founded in 2011 by a small team of highly qualified geoscientists with a combined experience of over 100 years. Bridgeporth was set up to provide specialist geoscientific services for a range of national and international operators in oil and gas exploration, mining, hazard mitigation, research and media industries. For more information, visit _URL_


Press Releases|
Foreign Secretary Tehmina Janjua and Mr. Sergey Ryabkov, Deputy Foreign Minister of the Russian Federation, led their respective delegations to the 13th Meeting of the Pakistan-Russia Consultative Group on Strategic Stability today.
During the meeting, the two sides had an in-depth exchange of views on prevailing regional and global security environments and their impact on the international arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation agenda. The two sides agreed on the need for preserving multilateralism in the field of international security and disarmament and shared the concern regarding the possible erosion of painstakingly negotiated international arrangements in several areas. The discussions encompassed issues such as non-militarization of outer space, upholding bilateral and multilateral treaties, developments in the field of information and telecommunications in the context of international security as well as matters related to the IAEA, OPCW and the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva.
The two sides underscored with satisfaction the close coordination, cooperation and consultations between Russia and Pakistan at various international fora. Both sides agreed on the need to further capitalize on the positive trajectory of the overall bilateral relations by exploring avenues for mutually beneficial bilateral cooperation.
Pakistan-Russia Consultative Group on Strategic Stability is a platform for structured dialogue between the two sides and has been meeting since 2003.
28 March 2019
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text:
Autumn sale: up to 30% off on a selection of sports watches! Shop Now
The logbook stores the logs of your recorded activities. The maximum number of logs and the maximum duration of a single log depends on how much information is recorded in each activity. GPS accuracy (see GPS accuracy and power saving), for example, directly impact the number and duration of logs that can be stored.
You can view the log summary of your activity right after you have stopped recording or through the Logbook under the start menu.
The information shown in the log summary is dynamic: it changes depending on factors such as sport mode and whether or not you used an heart rate belt or GPS. By default, all logs include at minimum the following information:
If the log includes GPS data, the logbook entry includes a view of the full route track as well as the altitude profile of the track.
You can see many more details of your recorded activities in Suunto app.
To view log summary after stopping a recording:
You can also view the summaries of all your recorded sessions(logs) in the logbook. In the logbook recorded sessions are listed according to date and time.
To view summary log in the logbook:


/{customerId}/webhooks/ subscriptions/{subscriptionId}/ events/{eventId}/history
Important. This endpoint is designed for testing and troubleshooting; it's not designed as an alternate way to monitor and download webhook events. That's the job of your listener endpoint.
Enables you to return the delivery history for a specific event. The delivery history reports each delivery attempt, when that attempt was made, whether or not that attempt succeeded, and, in the case of delivery failures, why that attempt did not succeed.
This endpoint supports the following methods:
 - GET
GET
Description
Returns the event history for the specified webhooks event. From the time an event occurs to the time a notification of that event is successfully delivered to the listener endpoint, the event passes through several states. These states, which are recorded in a relational database table and can be retrieved by using the /{eventId}/history endpoint, are listed in the following table:
Event State
Description
awaiting-executing
The event is ready for delivery. When the delivery process actually begins, the event state changes to executing.
executing
The event is being delivered.
By design, events are not delivered if a webhook subscription is disabled. So what happens if an event is marked as executing(but hasn't been delivered yet) at the very moment that a subscription is disabled? In that case, the process continues and the event will be delivered (and marked as success). However, if delivery fails the process ends: delivery will not be retried if the subscription has been disabled.
success
The event was successfully delivered to the listener endpoint.
failure
The event could not be delivered. With one exception, events are not marked as failure until they have reached the number of allowed retries (see the retry parameter for more information).
The one exception? Delivery attempts that result in an HTTPS status code of 1xx or 3xx are automatically marked as failures and are not retried.
Note that failure events are not immediately discarded; instead, all events (including failure events) are maintained in the Identity Cloud event store for 7 days.
retry
The event could not be delivered and has been scheduled for another delivery try. The delivery schedule for event notifications works like this:
 - Webhooks v3 attempts to deliver the event.
 - If delivery fails, the system waits 3 seconds and then tries a second time to deliver the event.
 - If the second delivery attempt fails, the system waits 30 seconds and tries again.
 - If the third delivery attempt fails, the system waits 5 minutes and tries again .
 - If the fourth delivery attempt fails, the system waits 1 hour and tries again.
 - If the fifth delivery attempt fails, the system waits 24 hours and tries again.
If the sixth delivery attempt fails the event is marked as failure and no further delivery attempts are scheduled.
At a minimum, each event passes through the following three states:
 1. awaiting-executing
 2. executing
 3. success
Base URL
The base URL for this endpoint is your Identity Cloud API URL, including the appropriate region. For example, if you are in the US region, then your base URL will look like this:
_URL_
If you are in the Australian (AU) region your base URL will look like this:
_URL_
URL path parameters
Parameter
Type
Required
Description
{customerId}
UUID
Yes
Unique identifier of the organization (customer) associated with the webhooks subscription whose event history is being retrieved. For example:
9bc867ed-1f10-420f-8d90-398fde4e4779
{subscriptionId}
UUID
Yes
Unique identifier of the webhooks subscription associated with the event whose history is being checked. For example:
454fe969-1909-4e93-b552-674d47eafdb0
{eventId}
UUID
Yes
Unique identifier of the webhooks event whose history is being returned. For example:
d375d2f8-e2d8-4859-9c31-648468b80acd
Request Parameters
No additional parameters are required to call this endpoint.
Authentication
This endpoint requires token-based authentication. To obtain an access token, you must use a confidential client (using the client ID as the username and the client secret as the password) to access the /{customerId}/login/token endpoint. The access token returned from that endpoint is then used in the Authorization header of your API call. For example, if you get back the access token 03v-eeodppPrrHXXIx56pRLyDBaOldDxqEwI59MFCFGVuSkLRapzgmfwmEHyKWle then your Authorization header will look like this when using Curl:
-H 'Authorization: Bearer 03v-eeodppPrrHXXIx56pRLyDBaOldDxqEwI59MFCFGVuSkLRapzgmfwmEHyKWle'
In Postman, set the Authorization Type to Bearer and use the access token as the value of the Token field.
Sample Request (curl)
The following command returns the event history for the event notification with the ID 28da8068-61cc-4af3-8d5e-ae49a02dd47b:
curl -X GET \
 _URL_ e5269842-024f-49bf-8a39-67aec8048b42/events/28da8068-61cc-4af3-8d5e-ae49a02dd47b \
 -H 'Authorization: Bearer Xk7EzdpGq5GPQcsxCWM2SxdlwU_iTsA4i2Px4TEzBrfLIvddjnDVBJxjPDuCARHH'
Responses
200 OK
If your call to this endpoint succeeds, you'll get back the complete event history for the specified event notification:
{
 "total": 3,
 "_links": {
 "self": {
 "href": "/00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000/webhooks/subscriptions/e5269842-024f-49bf-8a39-67aec8048b42/events/28da8068-61cc-4af3-8d5e-ae49a02dd47b/history"
 },
 "redeliver": {
 "href": "/00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000/webhooks/subscriptions/e5269842-024f-49bf-8a39-67aec8048b42/events/28da8068-61cc-4af3-8d5e-ae49a02dd47b/redeliver"
 }
 },
 "_embedded": [
 {
 "id": "28da8068-61cc-4af3-8d5e-ae49a02dd47b",
 "createdAt": "2020-01-27T16:53:51.554764Z",
 "updatedAt": "2020-01-27T16:53:50.815936Z",
 "state": "success",
 "attempts": 1,
 "request": {
 "endpoint": "_URL_
 "headers": {
 "Accept": "*/*",
 "Content-Length": "1293",
 "Content-Type": "application/secevent+jwt",
 "Host": "webhook.site",
 "User-Agent": "Akamai Identity Cloud Webhooks/v3.0.0"
 },
 "payload": "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IjFkYzEyMDczNjk5YzY4YzFkYWVlNmM5YTEwMGUyYjQzZmViZGNkOTIifQ.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.D4PsqQiwvXmd-3bons9JcqHEf69Tw46I2C4Zg713gw8Y11QPLywKXMveFzgmRRVS3OyG38LVSz6wJfmn02Du4hlMpi44Rnna_k9rv1WTxC7CFOFqVXzJyQ-TvSdYLEU5hfCpfodlyeE4v-SPZoOfZ-kQdUa8vPm4wiOOnr0QfZlY3uTRcPczY3jy2Gv6eLRSjk2q4LY0-rYHHaojHofYJARahGjah9JrkmbTaMkvuv3CwBnUrKkp2nomOzl2Z858xaRUrgHfgXEuOYrhasRrbcAn-MyuQfY7hlPjSl8Lka25JgeIOmCLpK2-fFZ0rDW1k1MzHak6q2rftE7vSvObcw"
 },
 "response"


other icons_FA
Debit Order Scams
Media statement: PASA on unauthorised debit orders
14 January 2019 - Unauthorised debit orders, sometimes referred to as "R99 debit order scams" (although amounts vary), have once again received close press attention in recent weeks. The South African Reserve Bank, the Payments Association of South Africa (PASA), the banks, and a number of user associations are aware of the problem; they have been actively focused on the matter and on a number of steps to address it.
Customers are understandably frustrated by the issue, but there is also some confusion and misinformation around the issue which deserves some clarification – which we hope to achieve by responding to a few frequently-asked questions.
Why do banks allow debit orders to go through?
Banks act as facilitators of payments and are bound by law to honour debit orders submitted into the payment system by other banks on behalf of their clients. Each debit order transaction involves an entity (called a "user") as well as the banks, and if all parties do not collaborate in an organised manner, the debit order system, through which 55 million payments to the value of over R80 billion are processed every month, would cease to function. Accordingly, when banks submit transactions on behalf of users, they do so on the basis that such a user has included only valid debit orders backed by a paper or voice mandate. These mandates are, however, held by the user, and not by the sponsoring bank -- the bank simply facilitates the transaction on behalf of their client.
Then why don't they just refuse debit orders from companies that customers regularly reverse?
The vast majority of disputed debit orders are in fact legitimate ones agreed to by customers, but which are reversed for "cash management" reasons – so that the money can be used for something else.
To put the numbers in perspective, on average about 1,5 million of the 55 million monthly debit orders are disputed – less than 3%. Based on PASA and bank estimates, however, of the 1,5m only about 10% of the debit orders disputed by customers are actually unauthorised.
This is a major problem for the industry. First, customers need to be aware that it is illegal, not to mention unethical, to reverse a debit order they have authorised as payment for a legitimate legal contract or service. Second, the millions of monthly reversed legitimate debit orders make it extremely difficult to identify those debit orders initiated by fraudsters. For example, a corporate user that is completely compliant to the rules in every respect and only submits debit orders with valid mandates may still face high levels of disputes through no fault of their own.
Are the banks profiting from this?
PASA CEO Walter Volker explains, "Banks are certainly not profiting from debit orders being reversed; on the contrary, by virtue of their sponsorship of the transactions and the associated legal obligations, they are exposed to the full value of the debit orders being disputed.
"If a bank reverses a debit order on instruction from a customer, and it turns out there was a valid mandate, the bank risks losing that entire amount if they cannot get it back from the consumer. On the other hand, in the event that an illegal debit order is disputed, the sponsoring bank would be liable to reimburse the full amount, even after the so-called rogue user has been exited from the system." There are therefore many hidden costs and risks, which consumers are not always aware of.
Why are some banks charging consumers when they dispute a debit order?
Reversing disputed debit orders takes time and work. As explained above, banks take on the risk that the company submitting a debit order has either been excluded from the system or is no longer in business, so the cost of managing and upholding disputes is high. At the same time, as explained above, 90% of disputes are ultimately found to be illegal. Some banks, therefore, have introduced fees in the hopes of limiting such illegal disputes. Even for banks who do charge, however, a consumer would be within their rights to request a refund if it is found that there was no valid mandate and that the debit order is in effect unauthorised or fraudulent.
Which banks have been hit by the so-called "R99 scam"?
No bank is immune to unauthorised debit orders. Volker says, "This is not just a problem involving one bank, one company or one scam. It is an industry-wide problem and PASA is working with all the banks to improve the safety of the system, both for consumers and for companies."
What is being done about the problem?
PASA has been working with the banking industry since 2013 to implement a wide-reaching and complex system called DebiCheck, the first of its kind anywhere in the world. The initial phase went live on 1 August 2018, by which time all 11 participating banks had implemented DebiCheck operationally.
Right now, user companies are busy implementing the systems and introducing the new business processes that are necessary to fully utilise DebiCheck. Volker explains: "Thousands of user companies, from large corporates to small business, will be using the system – so we need to ensure it remains stable and that consumers are not adversely affected."
With DebiCheck, banks will require customers to electronically confirm debit order information with them directly at the start of a new contract with a user, before any collection can take place; thus ensuring that both consumers and their banks know precisely what should be debited from their bank account. Once the consumer has authorised the electronic mandate, it will be stored on their bank's mandates database and can be verified or monitored at any time.
Will DebiCheck be available as an option in all instances?
In its initial phase, only consumers dealing with companies that have implemented DebiCheck will be required to confirm their debit order information electronically. Although the system is working already, it will take time for all DebiCheck users to ramp up their usage of the system. This number will grow over time, and the aim ultimately is to eradicate any and all unauthorised debit orders, through a combination of DebiCheck and other, more general debit order abuse measures.
While DebiCheck is ramped up, what other protection is provided?
In addition to DebiCheck, PASA is working with the banks to improve the processes by which new companies are allowed into the debit order system and to ensure rogue companies are identified and removed from the payment system. "This is a very serious matter for us and we are doing everything we can to identify those companies who are abusing the debit order system," says PASA Senior Legal Counsel Charl Ackerman.
PASA and the banks are also working to refine existing rules and processes in the payment system to further curb debit order abuse. Informational material has been developed and is being rolled out to educate consumers on their rights and obligations in the debit order environment.
In some instances, individual banks have put in place other measures such as SMS alerts for all debit transactions, free debit order reversals below a certain amount and cheaper appor online-based debit order dispute procedures.
Why is DebiCheck taking so long?
The scale and complexity of DebiCheck means that it has taken a great deal of work and time to implement. As of August 2018 the system is in place and in use, and companies are being added to the system all the time. New DebiCheck debit order customers are already receiving confirmation requests from their banks, but there is still work going on to mature the systems and to fully implement all functionalities required by users and banks.
The Reserve Bank recently granted a 12-month extension (until October 2020) to fully implement DebiCheck. This only affects the final date by which the old systems will be switched off. Nevertheless, says Volker, "The eleven banks participating in DebiCheck are committed to the process and still aim to have most companies on the system this year."
These additional 12 months will also be used to mature the system and to phase out old contracts and systems.
What can customers do to protect themselves?
 - Check your bank statements regularly for transactions you do not recognise.
 - Query unauthorised debit orders with your bank immediately and report the details to the Payments Association of South Africa at _EMAIL_.
 - Ensure that your bank has your correct cellphone number so that you receive SMS alerts when money is deducted from your account and also to receive DebiCheck confirmation requests.
 - Be wary when entering into contracts verbally, electronically or in writing.
 - Do not share or confirm your banking details, including your account number and branch code, if you are not certain exactly what they will be used for.
 - Do not dispute debit orders that you have authorised.
For more information about debit order abuse, DebiCheck and what the public can do to protect their accounts, please visit _URL_
For regular updates, follow the Payments Association of South Africa on Twitter _USER_ and Facebook.
About PASA
PASA is the payment system management body recognised by the South African Reserve Bank (SARB), in terms of the National Payment System Act of 1998, to organise, manage and regulate the participation of its members in the payment system. For more information, please visit _URL_


text:
I'm looking for a method to stop the gripper servo when holding an object.
I tried a few options:
1) servo potentiometer analog read
The values are noisy, and needs constant calibration, requires short delays between the readings (flood issue?)
2) Force sensor analog read (picture)
The values are noisy and depends on the touching surface.
3) Tactile button/pad digital read (picture)
similar to a bumper switch (picture) seems more simple to detect (digital signal) but so far nothing small to fit the gripper.
Any suggestions ?