text:
Traditional cork best for biodiversity conservation
In recent years, synthetic plastic bottle stoppers have been steadily replacing the traditional cork stoppers used to bottle wines, amid fears that cork extraction leads to declining biodiversity.
A new study published in the journal Biological Conservation (in press), proves exactly the opposite, demonstrating that cork extraction is in fact an economic activity that should be promoted for the benefit of biodiversity. The research is the first to look at the impact of cork extraction on biodiversity, using birds as indicators.
In the cork-making process, long strips of bark are taken from the cork oak, Quercus suber, every 9 years, starting when the tree is about 25 years old. The bark then regenerates throughout the life of the tree. Generally, cork oaks dominate areas of Mediterranean agro-forestry-pastoral systems called montados.
Montados are known to be important breeding habitat for many Mediterranean birds, including endangered species such as the Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti) and the black stork (Ciconia nigra).
Promotional campaigns for synthetic bottle stoppers claim that demand for cork stoppers is leading to an over-stripping of trees, with negative consequences for montadosand their biodiversity.
However, exactly how debarking cork oaks influences biodiversity has never previously been carefully studied. The new study looks at how bird densities differ between areas of recently extracted cork and older cork which has had time to recover.
The results indicate that although a few species that glean prey from bark have lower densities in recently stripped areas, the majority of species were entirely unaffected by debarking. The authors of the study also highlight that despite showing slight declines immediately after debarking, bark-gleaning species still had stable populations at the landscape level, and that montados remained the most favourable habitat in that region.
The report concludes that, contrary to some claims, cork extraction is compatible with maintaining biodiversity in montados, citing it as an example of the balance that can be achieved between socio-economic development and biodiversity conservation.
Currently, around 100,000 people are employed in cork-related activities in the seven Mediterranean cork-producing countries. But, with the advent of plastic bottle stoppers, the economic viability of montados has been greatly reduced, and land is consequently being abandoned in many areas and replaced with other land uses much less valuable for birds and other biodiversity - a problem which is already affecting areas in Spain, Portugal, France and Italy.


text:
Living history celebration explores secret behind Powder Valley Nature Center name
St. Louis — Just what is in a name? Today, Powder Valley Conservation Nature Center in Kirkwood is an ideal place to peacefully enjoy nature.
But the origins of its name come from war.
As part of the Nature Center's year-long 20th anniversary celebration, Powder Valley will present a living history weekend Friday and Saturday, May 13 and 14, for a special two-day program called "Blast to the Past: A History Festival". Visitors will explore the history behind the Powder Valley name and enjoy a fascinating and educational glimpse into the past of the area.
"Although we've only been here 20 years," said Assistant Nature Center Manager Catherine McGrane, "this land has its own history."
The powder was gunpowder. The "valley" was a series of caves that once existed under what is now I-270. According to McGrane, during the Civil War, Federal forces stockpiled gunpowder in the caves to use in blowing up bridges should the Confederate army attempt to invade St. Louis by way of the Meramec River.
The celebration begins Friday night from 7 to 9 p.m. with presentations by three first-person interpreters, each representing a different Civil War-era perspective: a Union soldier, Confederate soldier and a slave. A reception will follow the program allowing visitors to talk with each interpreter.
McGrane thinks it will be an ideal way to get a feel for what people were really like back then. "It's one thing to stand and talk about it," said McGrane, "it's another thing to become the person. Your audience can relate better and be more passionate about it."
The exploration of the past continues on Saturday from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. with events at both the Nature Center and nearby Emmenegger Nature Park. A free shuttle will allow guests to park at either site and visit both.
A variety of historic crafts will be demonstrated such as candle making, storytelling, wood carving and fire starting. Civil War re-enactors will be encamped at Emmenegger Nature Park. Local historian and musician Dee Ban will perform and interpret 19th-century music. A Civil War doctor will display medical instruments of the era. Participants will even have a chance to try their hand at historical skills like archery and the atlatl, an ancient spear-throwing device.
All events during Powder Valley Nature Center's "Blast to the Past: A History Festival" weekend are free of charge and open to all ages. Reservations are required for the Friday evening program, but not for the events on Saturday. For reservations and more information, call _PHONE_.
Powder Valley Conservation Nature Center is located 11715 Cragwold Road, near the intersection of I-44 and I-270 in Kirkwood. Emmenegger Nature Park is also off Cragwold Road, just west of the Nature Center.
The Nature Center will continue to feature special events each month this year to commemorate its 20th Anniversary. Powder Valley first opened its doors to the public in October 1991.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


LCC '18 Contest 4 S4 - Car Range
View as PDF
Submit solution
Points: 10
Time limit: 2.0s
Memory limit: 128M
Author:
Problem type
Elon is looking into buying an electric car, however he is worried that it will affect his ability to go on long road trips. In particular, he is planning a road trip from Toronto to Vancouver this summer and he will need a car that can take him all the way there.
There are \(N\) cities with electric charging stations in North America and \(M\) roads between them. Elon can use a road only if it is shorter than the range of his electric vehicle. What is the minimum range that Elon's vehicle must have so that he could complete his road trip?
Input Specification
The first line of input contains two integers \(N, M\) \((2 \le N, M \le 100\ 000)\), the number of cities and roads, respectively. Cities are numbered from 1 to \(N\), with Toronto being city 1 and Vancouver being city \(N\). The next \(M\) lines each contain three integers \(A, B, L\) \((1 \le A, B \le N, 1 \le L \le 10^9)\), which represent a road between cities \(A\) and \(B\) of length \(L\).
Output Specification
Output the minimum range that Elon's car must have in order for him to complete his road trip, or -1 if it is impossible for Elon to reach Vancouver.
Sample Input 1
3 2
1 2 100
2 3 200
Sample Output 1
200
Sample Input 2
3 3
1 3 500
1 2 400
2 3 400
Sample Output 2
400
Comments
There are no comments at the moment.


text:
The effect of air moving through a roof cavity between vents.
The effect of air moving between vents in a roof cavity.
Placement of vent openings so that air flows in one vent, over insulated space, and out the other. In attics, a combination of eaves and ridge or high gable vents is best for cross-ventilation, because this takes advantage of natural convection.
The effect that is provided when air moves through a roof cavity between the vents.
Air that enters on one side of a room and leaves on a different side of the same room.
Use of windows or vents on opposite sides of an area to circulate air.


text: Based on the panel data of 28 provinces (cities and autonomous regions) from 1997 to 2018, the regional differences of farmers' income have been analyzed by using Gini coefficient, Theil index and MLD. By using Shapley value decomposition method, the factors affecting the regional differences of farmers' income under the distortion of factor market have been decomposed and the contribution degrees of them have been measured. The study has shown that the regional difference of farmers' income is increasing year by year. Although fluctuating, the overall value tends to reach the warning line of international income gap. The distortion of factor market in different regions has a significant negative impact on the growth of farmers' income. The rural human capital, the scale of rural financial development, the openness of agricultural trade, the level of agricultural scale management, the level of regional industrialization and the adjustment of agricultural related policies have a significant positive impact on the growth of farmers' income. The distortion of factor market is the first factor that causes the expansion of regional differences in farmers' income, and the adjustment of agricultural related policies is the only factor that reduces the regional differences in farmers' income, while the other factors have expanded the regional differences in farmers' income to a certain extent.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Events | Exhibitions
MEWO Kunsthalle Memmingen
an exhibition on accessibility
June 12 – November 1, 2021
With works by Emma Bolland, Daniele Buetti, Anna Coleman Ladd, Adi Hösle, Nikola Irmer, MASBEDO, Bruno Metra & Laurence Jeanson, Annegret Soltau and Marc Quinn
The exhibition 'imPERFEKT' tries to have an impact on different levels. On the one hand, 'imPERFEKT' is an exhibition about ideals of beauty. Beginning with the ancient torso of the Belvedere, which since the Renaissance has become the epitome of beauty that has been widely copied, 'imPERFEKT' examines the perception of perfection and the pursuit of perfection: How do we deal with the ideals presented by the media? How do we reconcile this with our own reality? How does this affect our view of disabilities?
On the other hand, the exhibition approaches the subject of accessibility and explores how a museum can be designed for everyone in the future. Orientation plans and floor guidance systems make it easier to navigate in the exhibition space. Individual exhibits can be seen, felt and heard. At the same time, related information is more easily accessible, as it is made available in print and via audio guides, in Braille, in sign language and in plain language.


text:
Featuring veteran hiker and popular author Adrienne Hall's signature fusion of expert advice, confidence-building anecdotes and insider information, The Essential Backpacker is the ideal beginner's guide for the millions who hit the hiking trail for the first time each year. Focusing on the basics but also providing a taste of advanced backpacking techniques, this clear-cut, handsomely illustrated handbook is packed with resources and allows novices to progress comfortably from debut day-hike to ambitious long-distance trek.
"synopsis" may belong to another edition of this title.
The Essential Series--Your Trusted Guides
As a self-sufficient backpacker, you can go wherever your feet will take you--to a wildflower meadow, a mountain summit, or the shore of a moonlit lake. The Essential Backpacker provides a clear and thorough education in backpacking, guiding you through hiking skills, what to take and how to carry it, and how to deal with the challenges of the trail. Other features include:
Featuring veteran hiker Adrienne Hall's fusion of expert advice, confidence-building anecdotes, and insider information, The Essential Backpacker is the ideal guide for anyone planning to hit the hiking trail for the first time. This straightforward handbook focuses on the basics while providing a taste of advanced backpacking techniques. And it's packed with the resources hikers need to progress comfortably from day hikes to long-distance treks.About the Author:
Adrienne Hall began backpacking at age 11. She has hiked in the Rocky Mountains, the Virginia Blue Ridge, and Europe, and through-hiked the Appalachian Trail and the Colorado Trail. She spent a season as a backcountry ranger in the Alaska Denali wilderness, and is the author of Backpacking: A Woman's Guide and A Journey North: One Woman's Story of Hiking the Appalachian Trail.
"About this title" may belong to another edition of this title.
Book Description International Marine/Ragged Mountain Press, 2000. Paperback. Book Condition: New. 1. Bookseller Inventory # DADAX0071354379
Book Description International Marine/Ragged Mountain Press, 2000. Paperback. Book Condition: New. book. Bookseller Inventory # M0071354379
Book Description International Marine/Ragged Mo, 2000. Paperback. Book Condition: New. Never used!. Bookseller Inventory # P110071354379
Book Description International Marine/Ragged Mountain Press. PAPERBACK. Book Condition: New. _PHONE_ New Condition. Bookseller Inventory # NEW7._PHONE_


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Let me denote $X_n$ the set of transpositions in $n$ elements. Equivalently, $X_n$ is the set of doubletons in $[1,n]\times[1,n]$. The cardinality of $X_n$ is $N=\frac{n(n-1)}{2}$.
If $f:{\mathbb Z}/N{\mathbb Z}\rightarrow X_n$ is a bijection, let us denote $$r(f):=\min\{|\ell-m|;\ell\ne m\quad\hbox{and}\quad f(\ell)\cap f(m)\ne\emptyset\}.$$ Finally, let us define $$R_n:=\max\{r(f);\hbox{bijections}\quad f:{\mathbb Z}/N{\mathbb Z}\rightarrow X_n\}.$$
What is the asymptotics of $R_n$ as $n\rightarrow+\infty$. Is it $R_n\sim cn$ for some $c\in(0,\frac12)$? Or do we have $R_n=o(n)$?
My motivation comes from a numerical algorithm due to Jacobi for the calculation of the spectrum of Hermitian matrices. Each step operates on a pair of rows/columns, with the effect of settong the entry $a_{ij}$ to zero. Once one has act on a row, it seems better to avoid coming back to it too soon. On an other hand, one needs to visit every pairs $(i,j)$ every $N$ steps.
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
up vote 11 down vote accepted
Close to $n/2$ is possible. I'll do odd $n$ and leave even $n$ for someone else's pleasure.
Let $m=(n-1)/2$. For $i=0,\ldots,n-1$ and $j=1,\ldots,m$, let $M(i,j)$ be the pair $\{i-j,i+j\}$ (all values taken mod $n$, of course). The solution is $$ M(0,1).\ldots,M(0,m),M(1,1),\ldots,M(1,m),\ldots,M(n-1,1),\ldots,M(n-1,m).$$
Graph theorists will note that this is a standard 1-factorization of $K_n$ listed one factor at a time.
$M(i,j_1)$ and $M(i,j_2)$ are disjoint for $j_1\ne j_2$, so the only chance of two overlapping pairs being closer than $m$ positions is two pairs of the form $M(i,j_1)$ and $M(i+1,j_2)$. A little thought shows that $M(i,j)$ overlaps $M(i+1,j-1)$ and $M(i+1,j+1)$ and no other pairs $M(i+1,j')$. Thus the minimum separation is $m-1=(n-3)/2$.
There are $n-1$ pairs $\{0,j\}$, so two of them must be at most distance $\lfloor N/(n-1)\rfloor = (n-1)/2$, still assuming $n$ is odd. This shows that the solution above is at most 1 worse than the optimum.
EDIT: For even $n$, $(n-2)/2$ is achievable and is optimal. The remaining loose end is whether $(n-1)/2$ is possible for odd $n$.
share|improve this answer
That's very neat. I tried for something like that but couldn't do better than $n/4$. – Noam D. Elkies Sep 6 '11 at 4:25
Thanks. In the case of $n$ odd and separation $m=(n−1)/2$, any $m$ pairs in a row must be a matching, and any $2m$ in a row must be a hamiltonian path. I didn't find such a solution for $n=5$ but I didn't yet try systematically. – Brendan McKay Sep 6 '11 at 5:22
Unless my program has a bug (for the first time ever ;), there are no solutions for $n$ odd and separation $m=(n−1)/2$ with $5\le n\le 23$. So I conjecture that $(n-3)/2$ is optimal. – Brendan McKay Sep 6 '11 at 9:40
And of course, $n$ odd implies that the map $(i,j)\mapsto(i-j,i+j)$ is a bijection. – Denis Serre Sep 6 '11 at 12:50
$R_n \geq n/16$ can be obtained by starting from an arbitrary $f$ and then switching pairs of transpositions to get rid of any overlapping pairs whose images are too close to each other.
Suppose $r(f) < k$, and suppose $f(l)$ overlaps some $f(m)$ with $0 < |l-m| < k$. We want to find some $l'\in{\bf Z}/N{\bf Z}$ such that:
$f(l')$ does not overlap $f(m)$ for any $m \neq l$ with $|l-m| < k$, and
$f(l)$ does not overlap $f(m')$ for any $m' \neq l'$ with $|l'-m'| < k$.
Now any transposition overlaps with $2n-4$ others. Thus each of our two conditions excludes at most $(2n-4) (2k-2)$ choices of $l'$. We must also exclude the $2n-4$ choices of $l'$ such that $f(l')$ itself overlaps with $f(l)$. As long as $N-1 > (2n-4)(4k-3)$, we can find such $l'$. Since $N = (n^2-n)/2$, this condition is satisfied as long as $k < n/16 - O(1)$; indeed since $N-1 = (n-2)(n+1)/2$ our condition simplifies to $k \leq (n+13)/16$. So if $k \leq (n+13)/16$ we can switch two transpositions so as to increase by at least $1$ the number of transpositions without an offending overlap. Doing this at most $N$ times yields a bijection $f: {\bf Z}/N{\bf Z} \rightarrow X_n$ with $r(f) \geq k$, as claimed.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
This study addresses the application of MR (magnetorheological) isolators to vibration isolation of precision payloads for aerial vehicles. To this end, a precision payload in an aerial vehicle is modeled as a six-degree-of-freedom (DOF) lumped parameter model of a sensor assembly. An MR isolator is modeled as a 3-DOF passive spring-damping element and a 3-DOF semi-active yield force due to the yield stress of an MR fluid. Three MR isolators are configured with equal installation angles between the precision payload and the base structure in the aerial vehicle. The governing equations of motion for the MR vibration isolation system of the precision payload for the aerial vehicle are derived and then key parameters of the MR isolators, such as stiffness, damping, and isolator orientation, are determined via a global optimization method. The simulated response of the passive MR vibration isolation system with no magnetic field control input and constant magnetic field control input are presented and analyzed under different excitation conditions. To improve the passive MR vibration isolation performance, a linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control algorithm is designed. Finally, simulated responses of the semi-active MR vibration isolation performance using LQG control are evaluated and compared with those of passive (zero or constant field) MR vibration isolation systems.
- Design Engineering Division and Computers and Information in Engineering Division
Vibration Isolation of Precision Payloads for Aerial Vehicles Using Magnetorheological Isolators
- Views Icon Views
- Share Icon Share
- Search Site
Choi, Y, Brigley, M, & Wereley, NM. "Vibration Isolation of Precision Payloads for Aerial Vehicles Using Magnetorheological Isolators." Proceedings of the ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. Volume 1: 20th Biennial Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise, Parts A, B, and C. Long Beach, California, USA. September 24–28, 2005. pp. 2365-2373. ASME. _URL_
Download citation file:


text:
Community Action brings local vegetables to low-income families through Farm to Preschool program
View full sizeSarah Cooper usually buys her groceries from a low-price supermarket, where she says produce is cheapest.
The 26-year-old Beaverton woman has a 2-year-old daughter and a tight budget. But recently, she and her family have been eating organic vegetables grown by local farmers as participants of the new Farm to Preschool program.
"I don't usually get a chance to get local produce," she said. "It tastes a lot better. I feel like I'm getting my vitamins better, too."
Farm to Preschool is run by Community Action, a nonprofit organization that strives to alleviate issues of poverty in Washington County, through its Home Based Early Head Start program. That program prepares Hillsboro and Beaverton children, age 3 and under, for kindergarten and focuses on parent involvement.
The 79 families enrolled in Home Based Early Head Start receive $10 worth of fresh produce from local farmers once a month for six months. The program, which started in May, is funded by a $7,860 federal Child Care Wellness Grant.
Home Based Early Head Start is designed for families with an annual income at or below the federal poverty level of $23,050 for a family of four. The program operates at no cost to participants and is full, although applications are accepted year-round.
Kathy Zane, the program area supervisor for Early Head Start, said she had been trying for years to start a program that brings local food to low-income families.
"We are trying to improve the diets of children, especially with what we know about the epidemic of obesity," she said. "That's what this is about — transforming our food culture."
As part of the program, a registered dietician provides monthly low-budget recipes and activities for teachers to show the parents and children during home visits. The activities are easy, such as making a salad, so that children can be included.
Teacher Monica Oyola said the program has provided parents with a fun approach to getting their children to eat more vegetables.
"When the children were involved in the preparation part," she said, "they were more willing to eat it."
Ana Laura Gaona, 40, of Beaverton, said she tried to use her Farm to Preschool shares as a way to introduce her children to cooking.
"They learned to make a salad," she said. "It is an activity that they liked a lot because they learned how to use tongs, how to squeeze a lime and how to add salt."
Gaona said she could distinctly tell the difference between the farm-fresh shares she has been receiving and store-bought vegetables. "They have more taste and color," she said. "Even the smell is different."
The program is also an avenue to introduce families to new types of produce, Zane said. In July, the families received golden beets, rainbow chard and French sorrel.
Florence Jessup, a farmer with Artisan Organics in Hillsboro, said buying fresh food that's in season and preparing it at home is far less expensive than buying fast food.
Americans spend a smaller percentage of their income on food than any other country in the world and eat more than people in most countries, she said, "yet we still have nutrient-deficiency diseases, because we're getting calories but we're not getting nutrition."
Teacher Lindsey Walsh said one of the program's goals is to show families that buying local is easier than most people think.
"I feel like sometimes our families hear the word organic and think 'oh, that's too fancy' or 'I can't afford that,'" she said, "but at the farmers markets you can get a pretty good deal."
– Andrea Castillo


text:
PRO-MINERALIZER is Non-Hazardous and Eco-friendly solution, which contains consortium (group) of microflora of various kinds including Fibre degrading, Lignin degrading and various Enzymes producing organism. It converts tougher organic compounds like shell of shrimps, high protein compound in the dropping of shrimp etc into simple minerals.
Key Benefits of Pro-Mineralizer
- Provides useful nutrients to Diatoms and plankton by the process of degradation (mineralization) of high organic compounds and enhances their development.
- It performs mineralization and converts raw materials (tougher organic compounds like shell of shrimps, high protein compound in the dropping of shrimp etc.,) into simple minerals.
- It helps in creating excellent atmosphere at the bottom of the pond, which is a platform for mineralization of organic and inorganic fertilizers used.
- It helps in mineralization and thus enhances the working capacity of probiotics used in the ponds, which helps the probiotics to establish in the pond and metabolize various biodegradable compounds.
Dosage of Probiotic Microflora for Aquaculture
- 10 L / hectare. Repeat the dose once in 3-4 weeks for better maintenance of pond.
For all your AgroVet needs, Contact Us Now!

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
With the Alarm System extension for Joomla, an extra layer of security is added right after a user logs into the administrator. After a successful login, the user is presented with a PIN screen to disable the alarm system. When a user enters the correct PIN, the alarm will be disabled. When a user enters too many incorrect PINs, or doesn't provide the correct PIN within the given time frame, the alarm system will be triggered. When the alarm goes off, be default the user will be logged out. If configured, a new log entry will be added to track which users have triggered the alarm system.
For now this extension offers pretty basic functions only. We are open for your suggestions and tips to improve and expand. Please share your ideas at our forum or leave a review and tell us what you like about it and what is still missing!
Suggestion forum page:
Alarm System configurable options:
- General options
Under general options you can enable the alarm and configure the settings. You can choose how many seconds a user is granted to disable the alarm system and how many incorrect PIN numbers are accepted before the alarm is triggered. By default the system allows users 30 seconds and 3 incorrect PIN entries.
- PIN settings
You can select the source of correct PIN codes. You can select to use a System wide PIN, which means all users will have to enter the same PIN. You can also select to use user specific PIN codes. This allows every user to have it's own PIN code. The user PIN codes are managed by an admin with enabled access to edit PIN codes. These rights are configured in the component options.
- Alarm trigger settings
Here you can specify if you want a user to be logged out upon triggering the alarm.
There is also a logging system for tracking what happens with the alarm. The system can log if an incorrect PIN is entered, if a correct PIN is entered (alarm disabled) or if the alarm is triggered. It also tries to gather additional information, such as which user has caused an event, and which incorrect PIN was entered
User specific PIN codes
From the control panel there is an option for User PIN codes. Here you can specify for each user if they should have the system wide PIN, or a specific user PIN. So you could have a couple of users with a specific PIN code, while the rest is using the system wide PIN code. If the system cannot find a specific PIN code for a user, it will fall back to the system wide PIN. For that reason it's recommended to always set a system wide PIN code.
The Alarm System also supports subsystems to configure your own actions in case of alarm system events. You can create and install your own Joomla plugin handling responses when the alarm is triggered and or successfully disabled.
The component is easy to form, easily to install, he avoids the revenue to the core of Joomla and works perfectly.
I recommend it to 100 %.
I'm sorry for English.


text: The short message service Twitter has gained significant popularity and uptake among participants of conferences and organized events as a backchannel for intra-event communication. Information that is exchanged explicitly through such tweets, or that is implicitly present in them, remains mostly hidden and undecipherable to machines. In this paper we propose a framework for extracting valuable information from conference tweets, enabling its publication as Linked Data. We introduce the concept of mapping tweets with the talks and subevents that they refer to, in doing so gaining access to additional information about the users, talks and dynamics of the event. We present preliminary results of our work towards tweet-talk mappings and motivate our current and future work by giving several use cases for such extracted data.


UC MagazineUniversity of CincinnatiUC Magazine
UC Magazine
Obesity: Does one potato chip really matter?
Does one potato chip really matter?
by Dama Ewbank
The body is a finely tuned machine. So fine-tuned, in fact, that the difference between maintaining body weight and gaining one pound a year could be as little as a single potato chip per day.
Randy Seeley, professor of medicine and director of the Cincinnati Diabetes and Obesity Center, estimates that an adult man would need only 11 extra calories per day to gain a pound each year.
Let's do the math:
A typical adult male consumes 900,000 calories each year.
To gain just one pound each year, he would need to eat about 4,000 calories more than he burns.
4,000 calories divided by 365 days = approximately 11 extra calories per day, or about one potato chip.
"When you look at how obesity has affected our country," says Seeley, "and you realize that the average person — someone who may be considered overweight — is gaining less than one pound per year, it's easy to see how accurate our bodies are at matching our caloric intake to caloric expenditure. Relatively small mismatches over time are all that are necessary to gain weight."
So, yes, Seeley says, one chip really could matter, but he's quick to caution that his calculations don't take into account variability be-tween individuals and environmen-tal and genetic factors that contribute to weight-gain susceptibility.
More from UC's obesity expert


text:
- How hot is it in Mexico in April?
- What should I wear in Mexico City?
- How hot is it in Mexico in July?
- What months are summer in Mexico?
- What is the hottest month in Mexico City?
- What part of Mexico has the best weather?
- Does Mexico ever get cold?
- Is it summer or winter in Mexico?
- How hot is Mexico in summer?
- What is the coldest city in Mexico?
- What is the cheapest time of year to go to Mexico?
How hot is it in Mexico in April?
April is a pleasant time to visit Riviera Maya, Mexico.
How Warm Is Riviera Maya In April.
The average temperature is 26°C.
During this month, highs of up to 29°C are the norm, cooling down to around 23°C..
What should I wear in Mexico City?
I'd do dressy pants or a maxi dress, or a leggings/dress combo with a cute jacket over it. If you aren't worried about clubs, jeans are totally fine here and you can do jeans, boots, and a jacket and look very chic and cool. DO make sure to take comfortable clothes for the chilly Airbnbs.
How hot is it in Mexico in July?
Just like June, July is also one of the warmest times of the year to visit Riviera Maya, Mexico, when the average temperature is a baking hot 28°C. During this month, highs of up to 32°C are common, cooling down to 26°C after dark; it's also very humid.
What months are summer in Mexico?
Mexican summertime begins on or around June 21st each year, although temperatures are already near their peak by mid-spring, and the rain season usually begins by late May or early June, bringing a refreshing change to the long dry-spell of springtime, and also helping to clear the soiled and stale air that tends to …
What is the hottest month in Mexico City?
Warmest months (with the highest average high temperature) are April and May (26.8°C). The month with the lowest average high temperature is January (21.7°C). The month with the highest average low temperature is June (13.5°C).
What part of Mexico has the best weather?
The most ideal climate in Mexico is in Uruapan in the state of Michoacan. Uruapan has an annual average temperature of 66 degrees F. with rain from June to September. The average daily temperature range is from 60 degrees at night to 75 degrees in the afternoon.
Does Mexico ever get cold?
Winter climates in Mexico's central highlands range from temperate to cool, and can turn cold on occasions. Mexico's northern regions (as well as Mexico's Copper Canyon) can experience sub-zero temperatures and even snowfall through the winter months.
Is it summer or winter in Mexico?
Mexico has two main climate seasons: rainy (May to mid-Oct) and dry (mid-Oct to Apr). The rainy season can be of little consequence in the dry, northern regions of the country. Southern regions typically receive tropical showers, which begin around 4 or 5pm and last a few hours.
How hot is Mexico in summer?
During the summer months, it can be very hot, with an average high over 90-degrees in August. Temperatures drop in winter, with north winds bringing a chill, January sees an average low of 48-degree.
What is the coldest city in Mexico?
La RosillaFirst, Wikipedia in Spanish states that La Rosilla in Durango is the coldest place in Mexico, with an average low of -7.1° C (19.2° F) for January and an absolute low of -26° C (-14.8° F).
What is the cheapest time of year to go to Mexico?
September may be the cheapest but have fun dodging hurricanes. There may be some good deals in December or early January but temperatures are also cooler. If you're wondering when the *best* time to go is (low prices, not overly busy, good weather, and long days) then the answer is after Easter in April.


How Many 4 Digit Numbers Are There?
How many 4 digit numbers can be formed using 4 digits?
256Finally there are 4 choices for the last digit so the number of possible 4 digit numbers is 4 4 4 = 256..
How many 6 digit numbers are there in all?
How many 5 digit numbers are there in all?
90,000 fiveThere are 5 digits (any number from 0-9) in a 5-digit number. There are 90,000 five digit numbers in all.
What is the most common 4 digit code?
How many numbers can be formed with 10 digits?
8,999,999,999well all the values between : 1,000,000,000 and 9,999,999,999 are 10 digit numbers. so that is a total of: 8,999,999,999 distinct 10 digit numbers. You say using only the digits 0 to 9 – since that includes ALL possible decimal digits – the answer is as above.
How many 4 digit palindromes are there?
{101, 111, 121, 131, 141, 151, 161, 171, 181, 191, …, 909, 919, 929, 939, 949, 959, 969, 979, 989, 999} There are likewise 90 palindromic numbers with four digits (again, 9 choices for the first digit multiplied by ten choices for the second digit.
How many 4 digit numbers can be formed with the 10 digits?
There are 9 ways to pick the first digit (1 through 9), there are 10 ways to pick the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th digits, so that 9 10 10 10 = 9000 ways.
How many four digit numbers can be formed using 7 5 0 2 only once in a Number?
2) A digit can be used only once. 3) To form a n-digit number, possible numbers would be n!. 4) Hence, the answer would be 4! = 24.
What is the longest word that is the same backwards?
The longest known palindromic word is saippuakivikauppias (19 letters), which is Finnish for a dealer in lye (caustic soda). A palindrome is a word or phrase where the letters read backwards, give the same word or phrase, eg: the phrase 'Madam I'm Adam', with the reply 'Eve'.
Is 69 a palindrome?
Answer: NO, so that means the number 69 is not a palindrome!
How many 4 digit combinations are there with 10 numbers?
10 000For each choice of the first two digits you have 10 choices for the third digit. Thus you have 10x10x10 = 1000 choices for the first three digits. Finally you have 10 choices for the fourth digit and thus there are 10x10x10x10 = 10 000 possible 4 digit combinations from 0-9.
Which is the smallest 4 digit number with no digit repeated?
1023Smallest 4 digit number in which no digit is repeated is => 1023.
How long does it take to crack a 4 digit PIN?
How many 4 digit numbers are there with no digit repeated?
What is the most secure 4 digit code?
8068The safest 4-digit PIN is '8068' — or at least it was, until researchers at Data Genetics told everyone this week. The researchers there went through a set of 3.4 million four-digit personal identification numbers and found "8068" came up only 25 times.
Can palindromes be even?
A palindrome is a string that reads the same forwards as backwards. It is often convenient to think of two kinds of palindromes separately: … Even-length palindromes: These have a "first half" whose reverse is the second half.


text:
Mortar Training Blended Learning Solution
CDS Defence Support was tasked to develop a blended learning solution for the Army Mortar Training School.
CDS was tasked to develop a Blended Learning Solution (BLS) for the Army Mortar Training School. The aim of the solution was to allow students in training to use mortars to practice and develop the skills associated with map reading, calculating bearings and judging distance based on the terrain's features.
Scanning the Landscape
The solution needed to be able to generate targets randomly at a variety of distances within a set training area. The students would then be required to manually scan the landscape to identify potential targets.
The students also needed to be able to use a service prismatic compass to acquire the target's direction.
After calculating the bearing, the students would have to accurately identify target locations on the map.
Making Corrections Based on a Missed Shot
The students would have to have the ability to make adjustments and re-engage the target an unlimited number of times.
Working closely with a number of SMEs, CDS interpreted the requirements and developed an application that delivered the required features whilst adding additional benefits at every stage.
Our BLS allows both the students and the instructors to have sight of the students' process of acquiring and engaging a target.
The students navigate round a geographically accurate virtual environment, based on a known training area, where a number of randomly generated targets appear at different distances. Once a target is identified, the student must use the skills learned in practical training to make the correct calculations and effectively engage the target.
Complex background algorithms accurately simulate, in real time, the characteristics of a mortar round's velocity, trajectory (fall of shot) and the time of flight. The student can then watch the round hit or miss the target and can make multiple corrections to re-adjust and re-engage until a Fire for Effect (FFE) order can be given.
This solution can also be integrated with Learning Management Systems.
Other optional features include:
- Encryption to allow for off-site use.
- Secure data link to record students' information including usage and strike rate.
- Auditable confirmation of training and competency.
A BLS has many advantages including:
- Students can be trained for multiple-operational scenarios and terrains prior to deployment.
- 24/7 access to training – no down-time due to adverse weather conditions or range day losses.
- Costs are reduced by negating the need for additional range time, ammunition and coaching/training staff.
- The application has cross-platform functionality and is able to run on Android, iOS and other similar operating systems.
- The Mortar Training can be digitally tailored to suit any combination of ammunition including illumination, smoke rounds and differing terrains.
In addition to the Mortar Training, CDS has also developed a 7.62mm General Purpose Machine Gun BLS. This unique tool presents the students with a geographically accurate virtual map, a protractor, a series of range tables and issue fire control data.
The students will identify and process the 8 figure grid reference number, the altitude above sea level, the bearing and distance and finally use this information to calculate the elevation adjustments required prior to engaging the target.


text:
Friday, May 18, 2012
Shelly Kreiczer-Levy (Academic Center of Law & Business - Israel) has posted Inheritance Legal Systems and the Intergenerational Bond (Real Property, Probate, & Trust Law Journal) on SSRN. Here's the abstract:
This article offers an analysis of three legal systems of inheritance: American law, common law family provision, and civil law. It offers a unique reading of these systems by focusing on the role of continuity in inheritance and by stressing the position of potential recipients. It uses the concept of the intergenerational bond to capture the intersection of continuity, property, and the giver–receiver interrelation. It then highlights the role of continuity in each system and explores their different constructions of continuity. Two main conclusions arise. First, each of these systems has a bifocal dimension. Second, these legal systems can be defined along two axes. One axis is the balance between the giver and the receiver. The other is the content of the bond. The balance between testamentary freedom and familial continuity varies among legal systems, but provides a general model for understanding these systems.


How long does a compensation claim take?
Every claimant wants to settle their claim as quickly as possible and move on from their injury. But to get to the point where a compensation claim can be settled involves evidence, expert opinions and investigations from insurers. It also requires clear communication between insurers, specialist solicitors, claimants and occasionally the courts. All of this can take time.
Some claim types are known to settle more quickly than others. In cases where negligence is obviously clear, and a defendant insurer has no reasonable option other than to make an admission of liability, a claim will settle more quickly. Conversely, in a matter relating to a more complex claim where negligence isn't so easily obvious, a claimant solicitor will have to make a strong argument to succeed and achieve an admission of liability, and a claim will take longer to settle.
Claims that tend to settle more quickly
Claims often settle within a few months, when:
 - Liability against the party that caused an accident is clear and obvious
 - The claim relates to relatively minor injuries with full recovery
 - Claimants respond quickly to requests for information
 - Accident details have been properly reported and recorded
 - Injuries and losses are not in dispute
Claims that can take longer
As you would expect, there are many issues that can arise that are beyond our control and slow the claims process down. Furthermore, two seemingly similar claims may initially give the view that they will settle quickly – yet one could take six months and the other could take 18 months. Each claim does need to be looked at on its own merits and complexities, but common issues that can cause a slower claim timeframe include:
 - Complex claims, including severe and life changing injuries
 - Incomplete medical treatments meaning injury/recovery prognosis is not known
 - Split liability or denied liability claims
 - Claimant failure to respond quickly to solicitor queries
 - Inefficiency and slow work by other parties – for example, defendant insurers
 - Claims that have to go to court
In more serious and complex cases, where negligence is not obvious and evidence is not so clear cut, there can be denials of liability from a defendant insurer. This will lead to an unavoidable slowing of the claims process. At this point, a claimant solicitor will seek further instructions from a claimant to enable them to fight a denial of liability and seek expert opinion from a barrister in an effort to force an admission of liability.
In cases where a defendant has accepted responsibility, and will therefore make a compensation settlement offer to a claimant, they may dispute the value of a claim settlement or the losses incurred by a claimant, and request further evidence and medical assessments to support the claim. They could state a desire to take the matter to court for a judgement on the settlement, and such issues will definitely slow a claim down.
Insurer deadlines and legal protocols
It is the third party insurer's job to minimise any settlement they have to pay, and they aren't always good act acting quickly. Helpfully for claimants, there are legally-binding timeframes in place to prevent claims being dragged out longer than necessary. These 'Pre-Action Protocols' give a maximum time for defendant insurers to respond to claims and carry out their investigations. The times vary depending on the claim type involved.
At Direct2Compensation, we realise that much rests on the speedy action of our team and partners to minimise delays, that defendants are pressed to ensure that deadlines are met, and that the claim is regularly chased. We work tirelessly to ensure that claimants are kept informed and that their claim is settled fairly and quickly.
Leave a question
Questions & Answers
 1. Tracy
 My question is how long does a company take or is there a time limit for investigation to finish?
 - Ian Morris
 Hi, I am a little unsure as to what you mean with your question – do you mean how long does a claim take or are there time limits in the claims process regarding how defendant insurers investigate claims and how long do they have to reply to a claim?
Direct2Compensation Personal Injury Claims
Speak with a claims expert


text:
How do macrophyte distribution patterns affect hydraulic resistances?
In eutrophic river systems, macrophytes attain high biomass with reduced drainage and increased flooding risk. To avoid these problems, water managers remove vegetation. Total removal, however, increases wash out of macro-invertebrate communities reducing the ecological value of rivers. Partial vegetation removal reduces this washout and prevents an increase in hydraulic resistance. In this, study the hydraulic performance of three partial vegetation removal patterns was tested. From the results it was seen that hydraulic resistance, expressed as Manning's n, was varying between 0.025 m−1/3 s and 0.050 m−1/3 s. Compared with the empty situation, the different distribution patterns increased resistance between 14 and 23%. Hydraulic resistance of these patterns was also significantly influenced by the species present in the vegetation patches. Three groups of macrophyte plants (emerged, floating leaved and submerged) with significantly different hydraulic resistances were determined. The emerged species Sparganium erectum generated the least resistance with an average friction of 0.03 m−1/3 s. Stuckenia pectinata and Potamogeton natans had slightly higher friction values around 0.4 m−1/3 s. Ranunculus penicillatus and Callitriche platycarpa had average friction values around 0.05 m−1/3 s. The proposed vegetation removal patterns are good alternatives to create a management system, which minimally increases hydraulic resistance but still guarantees the ecological functions.


8
I would like to get some advice on the most efficient way to return a list of unique values of a discrete-valued raster using Python and GDAL.
I had thought that the most obvious way would be to examine the raster's attribute table, but if I do band.GetDefaultRAT() on the band of a raster dataset that contains an attribute table (the table is visible in ArcCatalog, anyway), the result is always None:
>>> rat = band.GetDefaultRAT()
>>> rat == None
True
In that case, I end up having to scan through each cell of the raster and build a list of unique values manually. Is this the only way to do it?
Or is there a way to build an attribute table with Python and GDAL, then query it for a list of unique values?
3
 - Which version of GDAL are you using btw?
 – R.K.
 Sep 13 '12 at 7:29
 - stupid question but what is RAT?
 – nickves
 Sep 13 '12 at 9:28
 - RAT stands for Raster Attribute Table.
 – Markus M.
 May 3 '16 at 2:59
10
If I understood correctly, you can use np.unique function from numpy lib:
from osgeo import gdal
import numpy as np
ds = gdal.Open("myimg.ext")
band = ds.GetRasterBand(1)
array = np.array(band.ReadAsArray())
values = np.unique(array)
or you can one-shot it:
values = np.unique(np.array(ds.GetRasterBand(1).ReadAsArray()))
2
 - Why wrap band.ReadAsArray() in a np.array call? Doesn't it already return a numpy array?
 – jpmc26
 Jul 23 '18 at 18:08
 - 1
 Yes it does. Wrapping it in a np.array has no performance drawbacks, as it is not a copy but it uses the same memory address and helps your IDE identify the object so you'll have auto-completion enabled.
 – nickves
 Jul 25 '18 at 10:32
Your Answer
By clicking "Post Your Answer", you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question.


Star (Clan)
Map Designation of a Clan Star
A Star is the basic building block of Clan military forces. It consists of five Points working together to provide the most firepower in a unit with the smallest logistical footprint.[1][2] A Star is commanded by a Star Commander.
BattleMech Stars[edit]
This formation consists of five OmniMechs or, in the case of garrison and some second-line units, five standard BattleMechs. At the Star level 'Mechs are organized together based on capabilities; grouping together 'Mechs of wildly varying weights, speeds, and offensive proficiencies is generally seen as an invitation for the enemy to divide them in the field.[3][4] However while Stars are defined by the weight composition of their Points in a way similar to 'Mech ratings - Light, Medium, Heavy and Assault - each type need not contain only 'Mechs of that weight rating. The following table shows shows the various compositions that are typically used. It is unusual for a Star to contain all four 'Mech weight ratings, and so is omitted here.[5]
Star Weight Composition
Light Star Medium Star Heavy Star Assault Star
5 Light 1 Light, 4 Medium 2 Medium, 3 Heavy 1 Medium, 2 Heavy, 2 Assault
4 Light, 1 Medium 5 Medium 1 Medium, 4 Heavy 4 Heavy, 1 Assault
3 Light, 2 Medium 4 Medium, 1 Heavy 5 Heavy 3 Heavy, 2 Assault
2 Light, 2 Medium, 1 Heavy 3 Medium, 2 Heavy 1 Medium, 3 Heavy, 1 Assault 2 Heavy, 3 Assault
AeroSpace Stars[edit]
Clan OmniFighter Stars consist of ten fighters and differ from 'Mech Stars in that mixed designs and weight classes are common. Medium-weight fighters dominate among the Clans' toumans along with lower-end heavyweight designs, although not to the exclusion of other weight types. Clan Naval Stars will contain five or six vessels, either WarShips, JumpShips or DropShips, often with an additional command vessel[3][4]
Armor Stars[edit]
Armor Stars consist of ten vehicles, but due to the Clans' prejudice against conventional armor these formations are commonly found in solahma or, more rarely, garrison units. Light and heavy-weight types are preferred, while medium-weight vehicles are particularly rare.[6][7]
Infantry Stars[edit]
Clan Infantry Stars can consist of either Elementals or conventional infantry. Elemental Stars consist of 25 Elementals and play a far more prominent role in Clan warfare than conventional infantry thanks to their Battle Armor. Conventional infantry Stars consist of 125 soldiers, but are largely solahma or freeborn units and rarely incorporated into the standard Clan order of battle.[6][7]
Mixed Stars[edit]
In general Stars which mix different unit types see their overall combat effectiveness severely weakened. One of the few exceptions to this rule is the strategic command Star, a formation first pioneered by Clan Wolf. It combines four Points of either OmniMechs or Elementals with an AeroSpace Point for reconnaissance and escort duty. The success of this formation has caused other Clans to adopt it, albeit in more limited numbers.[1][2]
 1. 1.0 1.1 Field Manual: Warden Clans, pg. 11-12
 2. 2.0 2.1 Field Manual: Crusader Clans, pg. 9-10
 3. 3.0 3.1 Field Manual: Warden Clans, pg. 10
 4. 4.0 4.1 Field Manual: Crusader Clans, pg. 8
 5. Total Warfare, pg. 265
 6. 6.0 6.1 Field Manual: Warden Clans, pg. 11
 7. 7.0 7.1 Field Manual: Crusader Clans, pg. 9


General English
General Science
 - adjective side by side and having the same distance between them at every point
 - noun a line representing a parallel on a map or chart
Cars & Driving
 - noun two or more electrical components each receiving the same voltage
 - adjective used to describe a computer system in which two or more processors operate simultaneously on one or more items of data
 - adjective used to describe two or more bits of a word transmitted over separate lines at the same time
 - The condition in which two lines or planes are an equal distance apart at all points.
 - Electric blasting caps arranged so that the firing current passes through all of them at the same time.
 - A state or condition in which there is an equal distance at all points. For example, two infinitely long straight lines which do not intersect, or two curves or surfaces which are equidistant from each other at all points. Also, pertaining to that maintains this relationship.
 - characteristic of, or pertaining to a parallel circuit or parallel connection.
 - Acted upon, performed, functioning, or occurring simultaneously. For instance, parallel processors working together.
 - The simultaneous processing, storing, transfer, transmission, reception, or the like, of multiple bits, characters, or data units. This contrasts with serial (3), where each is handled one after the other.
 - Any of the great lines which circle the earth, and which are parallel (1) to the plane of the equator.
 - noun a sign (||) used as a reference mark for footnotes
 - see rostrum.
 - noun an imaginary line running round the earth, linking points at an equal distance from the equator
Origin & History of "parallel"
Etymologically, parallel simply means 'beside each other'. It comes via French parallèle and Latin parallēlus from Greek parállēlos. this was a compound formed from pará 'beside' and allḗlōn 'each other', a derivative of állos 'other' (to which English else is distantly related).


text:
Tensile Fabric Structures in UAE
Results 1 - 19 of 19
About Tensile Fabric Structures
Designing of interesting roof forms have become possible with the use of tensile fabric structures in UAE. These structures have been used in buildings since 1970s. Today they are used to give dramatic forms to architectural works. They offer variety to roofing forms in terms of translucency, colour, clear span and softness. Tensile fabric structures are lightweight and can be created into three dimensional forms by applying tension. Tensile structures are usually supported by as masts, rings or beams which work as compression or bending elements. These structures are resistant to fire, rain, sun and wind. They are also resistant to damage caused by blunt objects, but not to sharp ones.


text:
Definition of Archaeogenetics
Archaeogenetics: The study of the past using the techniques of molecular genetics. The application of genetics to archeology. The term "archaeogenetics" was coined in the 1990s by the archeologist Colin Renfrew from the Greek archaios (ancient) + genetics = archaeogenetics, literally, ancient genetics.
In archaeogenetics, information on the DNA of different ethnic groups from around the world is used to analyze prehistoric events and corroborate accounts from historical sources. The DNA data are reconciled with the findings of archeologists, linguists, and paleoanthropologists to shed light on the past.
Last Editorial Review: 6/14/2012
Back to MedTerms online medical dictionary A-Z List
Need help identifying pills and medications?
Get the latest health and medical information delivered direct to your inbox FREE!


Student Thesaurus
One entry found for talkative.
Entry Word: talkative
Function: adjective
Text: fond of talking or conversation
Synonyms chatty, conversational, gabby, garrulous, loquacious, talky
Related Words communicative, expansive; demonstrative, effusive, gushing; outspoken, unreserved, vocal; articulate, fluent, glib, voluble; blabby, gossipy, talebearing; long-winded, prolix, verbose, windy, wordy; extroverted (also extraverted), gregarious, outgoing, sociable
Near Antonyms quiet, shy; mum, mute, silent, speechless, tongue-tied, wordless; evasive, nonvocal, secretive, self-contained, uncommunicative; aloof, introverted, unsociable, withdrawn
Antonyms closemouthed, laconic, reserved, reticent, taciturn, tight-lipped


text:
Merging Customer Records
Maintaining your customer list accurately is paramount to utilizing SuperSalon's customer history and customer retention reporting. We now have an efficient and accessible customer merge utility for salon level employees to utilize.
- Merging multiple customer records for a single customer.
- Merging an online check in customer (if they used a different phone number) with an existing customer record.
- Merging customer records with incomplete information (multiple Mike Smith records, for example).
Merging Customer Records step-by-step
- Create a new ticket.
- Search for a customer name with duplicate records.
- Select the Customer Merge button.
- Select the duplicate customer records you want to merge (the customers will be highlighted blue when selected) and press Next.
- Select the master customer record (the customer will be highlighted blue when selected), this is the customer record that will remain after merging, and press Next.
- Validate the master customer record is correct and update or make adjustments as needed. Hit the Save button when complete.
- Success! Your selected customer records are now merged into the customer you selected as your master customer. Press Ok and you're done.


text:
The number of people in the UK regularly giving to charity has declined for the third year in a row, according to The Charities Aid Foundation's UK Giving report – a multi-year study of giving behaviour in the UK.
The report found that the proportion of the British public who are either giving money to charity directly or are sponsoring a friend or family member dropped to 65 per cent in 2018 from 69 per cent in 2016.
'With three years' worth of data, we can now see a clear trend in people's charitable giving and it is headed in a worrying direction,' said Susan Pinkney, head of research at the Charities Aid Foundation.
UK Giving 2019 findings are based on monthly interviews and include a yearly total of more than 12,000 individual interviews collected over three years.
When it comes to trust, fewer than half of those surveyed (48 per cent) said they believed charities to be trustworthy. A further 21 per cent of people said they do not believe charities are trustworthy, an increase from 19 per cent in both 2016 and 2017.
'If people lack trust, that means they worry that their hard-earned money is not being well spent when donated to charities,' said Pinkney. 'This is a challenge that the entire charity sector needs to tackle head on and find ways to inspire people to give and demonstrate to them that their money is making a difference.'
Although fewer people report that they are giving money, those who do give are giving higher amounts. As a result, the overall household amount given in 2018 remains comparable to 2017 at £10.1 billion. Despite the drop in giving this year, the UK remains one of the most generous countries in the world, consistently ranked in the top 10 in the Charities Aid Foundation's annual World Giving Index
Read the full report here


text:
Take a look at the 3D picking demo project (you can find demos here: _URL_
You can add a Rigidbody/KinematicBody/Area (whatever suits you) to your building, with a CollisionShape, and make it
When you do that, input events will be sent to the collision object (rigidbody/kinematic/area) if it has an
_input_event function, as if it was part of the "GUI", so events happening when the mouse is not over it won't be received:
func _input_event(camera, event, pos, normal, shape):
if (event.type==InputEvent.MOUSE_BUTTON and event.pressed):
This is how you can detect hover and click easily.
Now if you want the building to follow the mouse in 3D... there are multiple ways of doing it, that depends on your game.
FYI if you need to do raycasts, you can do them inside
_fixed_process because that's the time where the physics engine is in sync with scripts.
# Get the camera (just an example)
var camera = get_parent().get_node("Camera")
# Project mouse into a 3D ray
var ray_origin = camera.project_ray_origin(mouse_pos)
var ray_direction = camera.project_ray_normal(mouse_pos)
# Cast a ray
var from = ray_origin
var to = ray_origin + ray_direction * 1000.0
var space_state = get_world().get_direct_space_state()
var hit = space_state.intersect_ray(from, to)
if hit.size() != 0:
# collider will be the node you hit
Other manual queries are listed here _URL_
hit variable is a Dictionary. What it contains is not documented for 3D, but I guess it will be similar to the 2D one: _URL_


Can You Put Rubber Tires on Power Wheels?
Jimmy Boyera // Last Updated on March 19, 2023
Yes, you can put rubber tires on your power wheels. Rubber tires are better than plastic tires as they offer better traction and last longer.
You probably have been thinking about replacing your power wheel's tires because either they have worn out or they are not performing well. It's better to replace them with rubber tires. Why? Let's find out!
Can you buy rubber tires for power wheels?
Yes, you can put rubber tires for power wheels. There are various rubber tires available for power wheels. You need to find the perfect size and buy a set of tires.
Can you put rubber tires on power wheels?
Can You Put Rubber Tires On the Power Wheels
Yes, replacing plastic tires with rubber tires in a power wheel is a great idea. You can buy a set of rubber tires and put them on your power wheels for better performance.
Some of the problems you may face with regular plastic tires in your power wheels are:
 - Slippery: Plastic tires are slippery and don't have much traction. It makes them riskier to drive.
 - Less durable: Plastic tires are more susceptible to breaking. That's why they are less durable than rubber tires.
 - Noisy: Plastic tires are made of stiff materials, which makes them noisy.
 - Not enough grip: Plastic tires don't have a good grip. It makes it harder to move with ease off-road or on snow.
These are some common problems you may face with plastic tires. But your rubber tires usually do not have such issues. Hence, you can always put rubber tires on your power wheels.
The best thing about replacing the tire is that you do not need any special skills. Replace the plastic tires with rubber tires in the same way you would have set plastic tires.
Do they make rubber tires for power wheels?
Yes, many tire brands make rubber tires for power wheels. However, they are not widely available as only a few models are specifically made for power wheels.
However, there are a lot of tires available in the market for off-road vehicles. You can buy any of them if they match the size of your power wheels. They are always suitable to use with toy vehicles.
Why don't power wheels have rubber tires?
Why don't Power Wheels have Rubber Tires
Power wheels do not have built-in rubber tires due to cutting costs. Rubber tires are usually costlier than rubber tires.
That's why companies use plastic tires for power wheels. It keeps the price of the vehicle low, which helps them attract more customers.
Rubber Tires On Power Wheels: Benefits
Rubber tires have a lot of benefits over plastic tires. Some of them are:
 - Excellent traction: Rubber tires have excellent traction. It helps the driver to move the power wheels with more ease and control.
 - Less noise: The rubber material causes less noise while driving, which makes the playing experience better.
 - Enough grip: Rubber tires have enough grip to run smoothly on any terrain. Kids mostly go off-road, on grassy tracks or muddy tracks with power wheels. The rubber tire helps to avoid slipping on such trails due to having a good grip.
 - Long lasting: Rubber tires do not break easily like plastic tires. That is why they can offer long-lasting performance.
Conclusion
You can always upgrade built-in plastic tires with good quality rubber tires in your power wheels. I hope all of your confusion is clear, and now you know that rubber tires are better for your kid's off-road toy vehicle.
About the Author Jimmy Boyera
Hi, I'm Jimmy Boyera. My journey as a big enthusiast of outdoor sports like biking and riding vehicles began with working in the automotive industry, where I got a certificate for an automotive expert.
Since, I have gained 10 years of automotive industry experience working as a dedicated and diligent automotive expert, registered with the Automotive Council.
I have owned plenty of sports cars, bikes, and power wheel rides on vehicles for kids over the years, matching different tests I hit daily.
When I began to get many questions from friends & family about riding toy cars for kids, I decided I can help a significant group by a blog, something like My Tiny Rider.
Besides, as I discussed the idea with my fellow automotive experts and child specialists who had the same interest, some of them weighed in & that is how My Tiny Rider became a reality.
My thorough, thoughtful, evidence-based approach has driven to a loyal patient following & rewarding and successful career as an automotive expert.
I welcomed the opportunity to join the My Tiny Rider Team as a platform to share my knowledge & experience.


Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, second unified edition, English volume
Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, second unified edition, English vol.
Jump to: navigation, search
Farmer (FARMER)
Special classifications apply in agriculture. Farmers 1 or farm operators 1 are those who farm the land for profit; among them we distinguish between farm-owners 2, who own their land, tenant farmers 3, who rent it from a landlord, and share-croppers 3, who give a portion of the crop in return for the use of land and livestock. Agricultural laborers 4 are persons working who are employed by farmers.
 - 2. A farm manager who is salaried is generally classed as a farmer.
 - 3. In Scotland a small farmer is sometimes called a crofter. A farmer with a very small farm is also known as a smallholder.
 - 4. Agricultural laborers are of three general types: fulltime agricultural laborers, day agricultural laborers, and seasonal agricultural laborers. This last category often consists of migrant laborers.


Jan Rothuizen: Why is it so quiet here?
By: Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen
Publication date: 27 Jun 2012
Views: 1591
Jan Rothuizen draws a visit to the museum
Why is it so quiet here? takes you on a visit to Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen through the eyes and thoughts of the artist Jan Rothuizen. Jan Rothuizen is a draughtsman. He is famous for his drawings in the daily newspaper De Volkskrant and elsewhere, in which he records his detailed observations of a particular place in words and images. Why is it so quiet here? is his first animated film.
This film is made possible by the VSB Fund, partner in education.
Jan Rothuizen
Amsterdam 1968
Producers: Bruno Felix & Femke Wolting
Line producer: Ilja Roomans
Animations: Stein Louisse, Niels van Herk
Editing: Christiaan Grammer
Sound design: Raoul Matheron


Sign up ×
How can I display a UTM Grid as a layer with Leaflet? Search a way to embed a OpenStreetMap map with Leaflet in a website. Particularity. I want to display a UTM Grid as a Layer. In addition, lower right UTM coordinate where the mouse is.
Example with UTM grid and UTM Number:
Does anyone an example?
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
Have a look at these blog posts:
share|improve this answer
It would be helpful to summarize these blog posts as well, in case the links become broken in the future. – Taylor H. Feb 10 '13 at 2:55
I can tell you the answer for the second question: How to show UTM-coordinates in the lower right corner.
In leaflet the internal coordinate system is always longitude/latitude as far as I know, and you have to transform every time you need to work with your data.
First make sure you have installed proj4.js and proj4leaflet.js. To show your coordinates you can use the plugin:.
Then define your coordinate system and use when you define your map object:
var crs = new L.Proj.CRS.TMS('EPSG:25832',
 '+proj=utm +zone=32 +ellps=GRS80 +units=m +no_defs',
 [120000, _PHONE_, _PHONE_, _PHONE_],
 {resolutions: [1638.4, 819.2, 0.1]
var map = new L.Map('map', {
 crs: crs,
 continuousWorld: true,
 worldCopyJump: false
The function _onMouseMove() should be modified to something like this:
_onMouseMove: function (e) {
 var my_crs =; // get the coordinate system
 var my_proj = my_crs.projection; // get the projection, which makes the transform
 var my_point = my_proj.project(e.latlng); // Here we transform back to UTM
 var lng = my_point.x;
 var lat = my_point.y;
 var value = this.options.lngFirst? lng + this.options.separator + lat : lat + this.options.separator + lng;
 var prefixAndValue = this.options.prefix +'' + value;
 this._container.innerHTML = prefixAndValue;
You will then get your mouse position in UTM. For more information see the documentation for proj4leaflet and leaflet.mouseposition.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


San Francisco Public Library
The Sisters Brothers Read-Alikes
If you enjoyed The Sisters Brothers, you might like some more intense historical fiction. Check out:
book cover
Lyndsay Faye
book cover
Gerald Kolpan
Kolpan envisions the remarkable life of beautiful, elusive, and refined Etta Place, who captivated the nation at the turn of the last century as she dodged the law with the Wild Bunch, led by Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid. Her true identity and fate have remained a mystery that has tantalized historians for decades.
book cover
Dennis Lehane
In 1926, during the Prohibition, Joe Coughlin defies his strict law-and-order upbringing by climbing a ladder of organized crime that takes him from Boston to Cuba where he encounters a dangerous cast of characters who are all fighting for their piece of the American dream.
book cover
Lois Leveen
Based on a remarkable true story of Mary El, the tenacious Virginian slave turned spy, The Secrets of Mary Bowser is an inspiring tale of one daring woman's willingness to sacrifice her own freedom to change the course of history.
book cover
Lloyd Shepherd


text:
... including targeted forecasts at the time of your arrival to each point!
Bawtry, Nottinghamshire experiences a temperate climate throughout the year, with mild temperatures, moderate rainfall, and plenty of sunshine throughout the seasons. In the summer, the average temperature is around 18°C (64°F) during the day, with highs of up to 22°C (72°F) and lows of 11°C (52°F) at night. The winter is slightly colder, with average temperatures of around 4°C (39°F) during the day and lows of -2°C (28°F) at night.
Rainfall is moderate throughout the year, with an average of around 797mm (31.4 in) annually. The wettest months are typically December and January, when the average is around 107mm (4.2 in), while the driest months are July and August, when the average rainfall is typically around 55mm (2.2 in).
Sunshine in Bawtry is plentiful throughout the year, with an average of around 1750 hours of sunshine annually. The sunniest months are typically May and June, when the average daily sunshine is around 8 hours, while the least sunny months are typically December and January, when the average daily sunshine is around 5 hours.
As of 2020, the city population is 3573.
This map shows the current & 7-day weather forecast, weather alerts, and weather radar for Bawtry, Nottinghamshire.


Introduction to costing in the NHS
20 January 2021
Online (10:15-14:00)
About this event
This event will provide delegates with an introduction to costing, why we cost and will provide some insight into the costing process. You will hear about the National Cost Collections (formerly the Costing Transformation Programme) and the importance of accurate costing information to the wider NHS. The day will conclude with a case study example of how costing information can be used to help inform strategic decision making.
Why should you attend
Delegates will learn about costing in the NHS, the NCC and hear how costing can support in making improvements to patient care. The event has been designed specifically for those new to costing or those that will benefit from an overview of costing and its role in the NHS.
Register today
To confirm book onto the event or to check whether your organisation is a member of the Institute, please email


text:
Sustainable Development - Learning at St Fagans: National History Museum
Introduction to the Tŷ Gwyrdd
Compare your own house with this eco-friendly family home. Discover the energy saving features and locally sourced materials that help keep the carbon footprint of the house low.
A general introduction to the Tŷ Gwyrdd. We are able to tailor the session for your group, so let us know what you are studying when you make your booking.
30 minutes, activity led by Museum staff
Go Green @ Tŷ Gwyrdd � KS2
Find out how to save energy and reduce pollution in your everyday life. Explore and complete a quiz to find out how the house uses water, heat, light and electricity.
1 hour, activity led by Museum staff
Sustainable living picture quiz � KS2
Explore the traditional houses at St Fagans to find out how people built houses, cooked food and kept warm in the past.
1 hour, teacher-led activity
Sustainable living � Past Present and Future (Welsh Bacc.)
Suitable for students studying the Sustainable Development and Global Citizenship element of the Welsh Baccalaureate. Gather evidence and take photographs to compare how people lived in the past with how you live today. Consider the impacts on the world around us and discuss ideas to create a more sustainable future.
Teacher-led trail (1hr) and facilitated talk in the Tŷ Gwyrdd (1/2hr)


text:
Shutters protect rooms from light and heat. Blinds are made out of PVC plastic or aluminium given their lightness and resistance to wear.
A belt is used to open and close the shutters. When you open the roller blind, it rolls around a drum hidden in the upper part of the window.
The belts become worn with use. They are then unable to bear the weight of the shutter and the shutter ends up dropping.
You can easily replace the worn belt just by following steps that are explained in the AMIG belt packs.
1. Roll the belt around the winder of the shutter drum.
2. Stretch out the belt to the lower winder.
3. Turn the winder until it is tense and attach the belt to the drum fastener.
You should use the widest possible belt that fits the roller and winder. The broader the belt, the better the grip and the longer the shutter will last.


Moto
Users can test AWS dependent code using the create_moto_fixture.
pytest_mock_resources.create_moto_fixture(scope='function')
Produce a Moto fixture.
Any number of fixture functions can be created. Under the hood they will all share the same moto server.
Note
Each test executes using a different (fake) AWS account through moto. If you create boto3 client/resource objects outside of the one handed to the test (for example, in the code under test), they should be sure to use the aws_access_key_id, aws_secret_access_key, aws_session_token, and endpoint_url given by the pmr_moto_credentials fixture.
Note
A moto dashboard should be available for debugging while the container is running. By default it would be available at http://localhost:5555/moto-api/# (but the exact URL may be different depending on your host/port config.
Parameters
scope (str) – The scope of the fixture can be specified by the user, defaults to "function".
Consider the following example:
# src/some_module.py
def list_files(s3_client):
 return s3_client.list_objects_v2(Bucket="x", Key="y")
A user could test this as follows:
# tests/some_test.py
from pytest_mock_resources import create_moto_fixture
from some_module import list_files
moto = create_moto_fixture()
def test_list_files(moto):
 s3_client = moto.client("s3")
 files = list_files(s3_client)
 assert ...
The test is handed a proxy-object which should functionally act like a boto3.Session object. Namely you would generally want to call .client(…) or .resource(…) on it.
Note
Each test executes using a different (fake) AWS account through moto. If you create boto3 client/resource objects using boto3 directly, outside of the object handed to your test, you should make sure to pass all the credentials fields into the constructor such that it targets the correct AWS instance/account.
For example:
import boto3
def test_list_files(pmr_moto_credentials):
 kwargs = pmr_moto_credentials.as_kwargs()
 s3_client = boto3.client("s3", **kwargs)
Note
A moto dashboard should be available for debugging while the container is running. By default it would be available at http://localhost:5555/moto-api/# (but the exact URL may be different depending on your host/port config.


text:
First Year Interest Groups (FIGs)
What is a FIG?
Belonging to a First-Year Interest Group (FIG) is a great way for first-time students to meet other students as well as develop strong relationships with upper-class students and many faculty members.
Students who are in a FIG take courses together each semester that fulfill some major requirements or some general education requirements to help ensure they are building a strong educational foundation. The FIG program is a year-long initiative that creates a strong community for first year students both in the classroom and in the residence halls.
FIG students live together in a residence hall with the upperclassmen mentors who work with the students.
Each FIG is based on an interest that the students share (i.e. adventure, art, business, theatre, etc.) and is led by students who have been at ASU for at least one year and can help students with any questions or concerns that arise in the first year of college.
2015-2016 FIG Groups:
The FIG Program is always changing and improving please check the FIG brochure for the most recent list of programs offered:
- Art FIG
- Diversity/International FIG
- English - Culture and Identity FIG
- Human Performance and Physical Education FIG (HPPE)
- Money FIG (Business)
- Skiing, Snowboarding, Outdoor Adventure FIG
- Teacher Education FIG
- The World of Theatre FIG
For information about FIGs, please contact:
- S. Masood Ahmad, Director S.E.S.
- Office: 3rd Floor SUB Rm. E-325
- Phone: _PHONE_
- Fax: _PHONE_


National Integration: Hindu, Muslim students eat together in Minority Residential Schools
Hyderabad: Nutritious food is being provided at 204 Minority Residential schools. Secretary Minority School Society B. Shafiullah told that the menu in minority schools prepared by nutritionists. According to which nutritious food is provided. Milk, egg and fruits are provided in the breakfast, whereas various vegetarian and non-vegetarian dishes are selected for lunch and dinner.
Society had given contract of food to a private company for catering but cancelled the contract due to its unsatisfactory service.
Mr. Shafiullah further told that 75 pc of the students belong to minorities, while 25 pc belong to non-minorities. All the student do breakfast lunch and dinner together. All irrespective of religion enjoy the food together. He appealed minorities to benefit from the minority residential schools.
Siasat news


text:
How do I view my screen history?
Before you start
Before viewing a screen's history, here are some things to note:
- To ensure that screens appear in the screen history, follow the screen-replacement process mentioned in this article: How do I replace a screen?
- Currently, you cannot view screen history for a Studio prototype.
- You cannot restore old screen versions from History mode.
Viewing a screen's history
To view a screen's history:
- Sign in to your account and navigate to the Projects page.
- Open your prototype and click to open the desired screen.
- At the bottom of the page, click the History mode icon ().
- To view a previous screen version, navigate to the left column and click the desired version.


Spread.NET 17 Formula Reference
Formula Functions / Functions A to C / ASC
In This Topic
 ASC
 In This Topic
 This function transforms full-width (double-byte) characters to half-width (single-byte) characters.
 Syntax
 ASC(text)
 Arguments
 For the arguments, you need to give either a text value or a reference to a cell containing the text to be changed.
 Remarks
 If the text does not contain full-width letters, then the text is not changed.
 Data Types
 Accepts string data. Returns string data.
 Examples
 ASC("SPREAD") gives the result "SPREAD"
 Version Available
 This function is available in Spread for Windows Forms 11.0 or later.


text:
KANCHANPUR: Number of Siberian bird in the watersheds of Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve has deceased lately, officials and locals said.
The birds from Siberia arrive in the watersheds of Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve every year in search of warm habitat after the watersheds in the northern poles were covered with snow.
The Siberian birds return to their original habitats, thanks to lack of water and foods, and rise in temperature in the Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve.
Basically, the Siberian birds roam and collect their food around Ranital, Kalikich, Salgaudi, Sikarital, Pyaratal, Jhimlatal and other areas of the Reserve.
According to Reserve, more than 300 species of Siberian birds arrive here every year.


text:
A reader writes:
First, I very much enjoy your blog. I hope you can keep at it for long time. Now, my question concerns what is the proper way to dispose of religious objects such worn out bibles, tarnished or worn crucifixes, old prayer cards, broken rosaries, religious pamphlets, etc.? Some of my coworkers and I had a discussion today about what to do with them. One person couldn't bring himself to dispose of them in the trash out of respect. Another felt that broken or worn items could be thrown out without any guilt. Can you help us out? We all want to do the right thing.
The disposition of this type of religious object is not something that is regulated by canon law. Consequently, there is not a canonical "right answer" here.
Catholic doctrine also does not treat the subject in any detail, and thus there is no doctrinal "right answer" beyond the general axiom that a religious object should be treated with the reverence that is due it. The question is: How much reverence is that?
It is difficult to give a definite answer, but there are certain levels of reverence that would clearly be wrong. For example:
1) So little reverence that we commit actual sacrilege with the items (e.g., using them as part of a Black Mass)
2) So much reverence that we can never get rid of them and have to squirrel them away when they can no longer be used.
The correct answer falls somewhere between these two extremes, and it is likely to vary from one object to another. Indeed, a pious custom of many Catholics is to distinguish between those objects that have been blessed and those that have not. This appears to be a useful division in that in the case of blessed objects, the Church has in at least a minor way consecrated the item to sacred use, while in the latter case it has not. It thus would make sense to show more reverence in the disposition of a blessed object than an unblessed one.
Correspondingly, a common pious custom is to dispose of blessed objects by either burning them (if they are flammable) or burying them (if they are not). In the former case, the object is destroyed, thus removing its blessing, and the ashes (or other remains) can simply be thrown away.
In the case of objects that were never blessed (or that have been destroyed, removing their blessing), this custom holds that they can simply be thrown away like any other non-blessed object.
As indicated, this is a pious custom and not a matter of law or doctrine, so individual consciences may vary without there being sin. If one person feels comfortable disposing of a religious object in a way that happens to be different than my preferred way of doing it, I would not on that account tell him he's doing anything wrong. If the Church wanted to mandate ways of doing this, it would.
The key thing is not the physical manner of disposing of these objects but the fact that one is doing so with a right heart. If one "reverently throws away" something then his heart is displaying reverence, which is the important thing. What physical act is used to express this reverence is not what is at issue--be it burning or burial or even if there is no outward act but simply a grateful recognition of the role God has allowed the object to play in one's religious life.


text:
Name: Sam J.
I am tring to find out a good diamagnetic material for
magnetic levatation. I know that Bismuth is the best diamagnetic
material. But with respect to Carbon-Graphite. I have seen experaments
using this and it works well. I was wondering if you could use just
carbon or just graphite, and what would work better. Is it a combination
of carbon and graphite that works best or is one just a filler? Would
using just carbon work better, or just graphite I also heard that the
more dense the carbon is, the better it works. I just tring to find the
best combination to use that will levatate the best. I plan on getting
the matrial in tile form so I can cover a desk and levatate a magnet over
Actually, graphite IS carbon. Carbon-Graphite is carbon in graphite form.
Carbon atoms tend to join together in one of three patterns, depending on
how hard they are pressed together. Under very high pressure, carbon will
form a crystal pattern people like to call diamond. Under more mediocre
conditions, carbon tends to form coal. If presed together very lightly,
often when deposited near the surface, carbon tends to form a pattern called
Graphite is a pattern of sheets laid on top of sheets. The carbon atoms
form a sheet of hexagons, each carbon joined to three other carbons. Since
carbon can bond with four atoms, the fourth connection extends up or down
from the sheet for each atom. This joins to an atom in an adjacent sheet.
Graphite has very weak bonds and a great deal of open space. This is what
makes it such a wonderful substance to put inside a pencil. When you write
with a pencil, you deposit carbon atoms on the paper.
Dr. Ken Mellendorf
The only way you will be able to actually get the magnet to levitate
indefinitely is to use a superconductor as the diamagnet. Otherwise the
eddy currents induced in the diamagnet will fade due to electrocal
resistance, allowing the magnet to approach ever closer.
Richard E. Barrans Jr., Ph.D.
PG Research Foundation, Darien, Illinois
Click here to return to the Physics Archives
Update: June 2012


Take the 2-minute tour ×
What are the advantages/disadvantages of using the arithmetic Sharpe Ratio vs the geometric Sharpe Ratio? Is one more correct? Or is one better in certain circumstances?
share|improve this question
add comment
4 Answers
In addition to John's answer and just to make things clear:
The arithmetic mean is given by
$$\mu_a = \frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^n x_i$$
The geometric mean is given by
$$\mu_g = \sqrt[n]{\prod_{i=1}^n (1+x_i)} -1$$
And we have that
$$\mu_g \leq \mu_a$$
So not only would the geometric sharp ratio would be taking into account the "actual" return of the portfolio, but it is also a more conservative measure.
share|improve this answer
Where can I find a demonstration that $$\mu_g \leq \mu_a$$ – Marco Demaio Mar 4 at 20:50
add comment
I'm not sure it makes sense to think of one as more correct than another. However, they do have significant differences. It may help to distinguish between ex-post evaluation of a strategy and ex-ante prediction of what the strategy's performance will be.
For simplicity, let's assume the log returns of the strategy are approximately i.i.d. univariate normal and the risk-free rate is a constant. If you were a mean-variance investor deciding between the risk-free rate and the strategy, you would estimate the mean and variance of the log returns, project it to the investor's horizon, and convert the normal to lognormal to obtain the arithmetic returns. So if you were calculating a Sharpe ratio that is consistent with the way it was originated in financial theory, i.e. the slope of the efficient frontier, would be this arithmetic ex ante expected Sharpe ratio.
However, the Sharpe ratio is also used in performance evaluation in different ways. I think one major reason that the geometric version is used is that the numerator will correspond with what the investor actually earned, the CAGR. This might be useful to some people, but personally I prefer to look at the CAGR by itself rather than in the Sharpe ratio. Further, the CAGR is the median of the lognormal distribution under some assumptions. I find it more intuitive to use the mean and keep ex-post consistent with ex-ante, which would bring me back to the arithmetic Sharpe.
Another reason to use the geometric version might be that it avoids the distributional issues with the lognormal distribution (since it has skewness/kurtosis). However, Opdyke (2007) provides the asympototic distribution of the Sharpe ratio under fairly general assumptions.
share|improve this answer
add comment
There are many variants proposed; some useful, some not so much. As an investor, the most important thing is to compare the exact same ratio, calculated in the exact same way, for each prospect. As the prospect/fund the most important thing is to be clear about the statistic you are reporting so your investors make well informed decisions. So let's start with some definitions specific to your question.
 - Sharpe ratio, sometimes called the "Modified Sharpe" ratio, is the arithmetic average of excess returns divided by the standard deviation of those returns, $r_t\in R$.
 $Sharpe Ratio = \frac{E[R_t - R_{free}]}{\sigma}$
 where $R_t\in[-1,\infty)$, which is a percentage, and $R_{free}$ is the risk-free return rate, typically taken as the current T-Bill rate.
 It is commonly calculated over annual periods, but monthly, or daily periods are common too. It is a class of signal-to-noise ratio indicating the expected reward per unit of risk. This is the most commonly cited variant and is the measure proposed by professor Sharpe in 1994.
 - The Geometric Sharpe ratio is the geometric average of compounded excess returns divided by the standard deviation of those compounded returns. This is equivalent to the arithmetic average and standard deviation of $log(1+r_t)$, which is the more convienient calculation.
The difference is mostly in the use of the average of the excess returns for the period or the compounded returns. Because the log returns are generally smaller, the "Geometric Sharpe ratios" generally suggests a higher number; about 12.5% higher for samples from a uniform distribution. Naturally, it is completely bogus to compare dissimilar ratios...so be sure you know which measure you are digesting.
share|improve this answer
add comment
For any real world applications, the difference between the arithmetic and geometric Sharpe ratios is likely to 'fall under the noise floor', i.e. be smaller, typically much smaller, than a standard error. This is even under the generous assumptions of stationarity and absence of omitted variables.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer


World War 3: Safest destinations in the world to live amid heightened global tensions
WORLD WAR 3 could erupt at any point as tensions begin to rise in the east after North Korea decided to blow up its joint liaison office with South Korea near the border. And now, clashes at the border between China and India have also sparked fears of World War 3. Amid rising tensions and uncertainty, where are the safest countries in the world?
Comment section Share on LinkedIn Share on Pinterest Copy link Link copied
World War 3: Vision 2020 outlines plans for 'full dominance'
North and South Korea appear to now be at loggerheads after the North renewed threats of military action against its southern counterpart. An explosion was heard earlier today and then smoke was seen rising from a town on the border between North and South Korea. A four-storey building was blown up, symbolising possibly the beginning of another feud between the two nations. Five Chinese soldiers and a further 11 were also injured today after violent clashes erupted at the China-India border.
Both India and China lost soldiers in the battle, which took place at Galwan Valley.
Reportedly, these are the first casualities in decades to result from violent clahes between China and India.
North Korea's People's Army (KPA) is reportedly preparing to send troops into the demilitarised zone between the two countries.
The move will "turn the front line into a fortress", despite it remaining demilitarised since 2018.
The Indian Army has also said that it is meeting with military officials on both sides to try and quell tensions.
As tensions erupt and more worrying news continues to hit the headlines, many are beginning to grow concerned that World War 3 could be triggered.
If an all-out war is sparked, where are the safest countries in the world to avoid tensions?
Here's a list of five of the world's safest countries to avoid World War 3.
READ MORE: Quarantine rule: Government to reevaluate rule
World War 3
World War 3: Safest destinations in the world amid North Korea vs South Korea tensions (Image: GETTY)
World War 3
World War 3: If an all-out war is sparked, where are the safest countries in the world? (Image: GETTY)
1) Iceland
Iceland has been the most peaceful country in the world since 2008, an impressive feat but not surprising considering its low crime and murder rate per capita.
But some of the main reasons the country is so safe might be surprising.
Unlike other nations, Icelanders don't have an army and the police do not carry guns.
There are also very strict driving regulations that mean Icelanders do not drive any faster than 55.9mph.
And surprisingly, the country is so safe that not even Iceland's president has a bodyguard.
Spain is reopening on Sunday as bookings for Mediterrean breaks soar [INSIGHT]
Spain threatens British holidaymakers with strict quarantine rules [UPDATE]
Egypt holidays: Borders reopen to tourists July 1 [ANALYSIS]
2) Singapore
Singapore is known for its cleanliness and for immediately shutting down travel amid the coronavirus pandemic.
The country also has one of the lowest crime rates in the world.
The reason for this is because if people do commit crimes, the penalties are more harsh compared to other parts of the world.
CCTV cameras are also abundant in nearly every corner, making it extremely safe.
World War 3
World War 3: The UK has plenty of nuclear bunkers (Image: GETTY)
3) Switzerland
Switzerland has multiple underground bunkers for its population, making it not only safe but potentially bomb-proof.
Back in 1963, every household was required to build an underground bunker.
The country hasn't fought a war in over two centuries and has remained famously "neutral" throughout some of the world's greatest conflicts.
World War 3
World War 3: Could Iceland be the safest place to go? (Image: GETTY)
4) UK
Although not the safest country in the world for crime or murder rates, the UK has a host of nuclear bunkers.
From Holborn in London to Aberlady in Scotland, the UK has plenty of nuclear bunkers that could protect citizens from a potential war.
A lot of the bunkers were built in preparation for the Cold War or are leftover from World War 2.
Some people even have Cold War bunkers in their back gardens.
Most peaceful countries in the world
Most peaceful countries in the world (Image: EXPRESS)
5) New Zealand
New Zealand is both safe and is now home to nuclear bunkers, according to Travel Base Online.
Reportedly, several billionaires have decided to buy homes in New Zealand complete with secret 150-tonne nuclear bunkers 13 feet below the ground.
A company, based in Texas called the Rising S Company, installs the massive underground vaults which come in at an eye-watering £8.9million.
But as well as nuclear bunkers, New Zealand's rates of violence are also very low compared to the rest of the world.


text:
The long-awaited online training program Smart Driver for Forestry Trucks is finally live, and you can watch it from the convenience of your home.
Reducing fuel consumption and operating costs are two constant challenges for forest truck drivers. For years, drivers working in forestry operations have been asking for guidelines and efficient driving techniques that save fuel and ensure safety and environmental sustainability.
This is exactly why the Office of Energy Efficiency of Natural Resources Canada and FPInnovations designed this interactive training program. The program provides the needed guidelines and techniques and presents all the economic, environmental and safety benefits of professional driving.
The training program includes videos and quizzes, and includes these five modules:
- Smart driver in the forest industry
- Principles of defensive driving
- Effective driving
- Choice of truck components
- Basic maintenance knowledge
Who is this training intend for?
- Professional drivers
- Fleet owners
To register, go to, _URL_ and enter this key name: drive-smarter.


text:
Tax Act, State of Maine, 1827
In 1827 the state of Maine issued a tax act, which delineated the amount of taxes that each town was responsible for paying to the state. The state of Maine determined that the town of Baldwin was responsible for $76.30 of the fifty thousand dollars in taxes that it was assessed the inhabitants of the state owed. This tax act also lists exclusions and rules to include property to be taxed. Elias Thomas, the signer of this document, was the treasurer for the state of Maine from 1824 to 1827 as well as in 1829 and 1830.


text:
Author(s): Kennedy M, Masterson AV, Kerin M, Flanagan F
Abstract Share this page
Abstract Radial scar (RS) is a benign, well recognised, radiological and pathological entity. Histologically, it is characterised by a fibroelastotic core with entrapped ducts and surrounding radiating ducts and lobules. Postmortem studies indicate that these lesions are present commonly in the population, especially in association with benign breast disease. In recent years, their clinical relevance has assumed more importance with the introduction of population based screening programmes. The exact pathogenesis of RS is unknown. Accumulating evidence indicates that they are associated with atypia and/or malignancy and, in addition, may be an independent risk factor for the development of carcinoma in either breast. In view of the association with atypia and malignancy, excision biopsy is justified in RS, although it has been argued that core biopsy evaluation and surveillance may be appropriate in selected patients.
This article was published in J Clin Pathol
and referenced in Journal of Oncology Research and Treatment