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Have you ever heard of lewis Gratz Fell? If not, you're missing out on learning about an incredible trailblazer in the fields of law and social justice. Born in the early 19th century, Fell was a prominent attorney and activist who dedicated his life to fighting for the rights of marginalized communities.
His legacy lives on to this day, and his impact on the legal profession and the fight for justice cannot be overstated. In this article, we'll dive into the life and accomplishments of Lewis Gratz Fell, exploring how he paved the way for future generations of lawyers and activists. Get ready to be inspired by the story of a true pioneer in the pursuit of justice.
What is lewis gratz fell?
Lewis Gratz Fell was an influential lawyer and activist in the 19th century, who dedicated his life to fighting for justice and equality. Born in Pennsylvania in 1815, Fell grew up in a time when slavery was still legal in the United States.
Despite facing significant obstacles, he went on to become one of the first African American lawyers in the country, and his work had a significant impact on the legal profession and the fight for civil rights. Fell was an outspoken advocate for abolitionism, and he also supported women's rights and suffrage. He believed in the power of education and helped establish the first law schools in Pennsylvania, paving the way for future generations of lawyers.
Overall, lewis Gratz Fell was a trailblazer whose legacy lives on today. His contributions to the fight for justice and equality continue to inspire and inform the work of activists and legal professionals around the world. To know more details on the topics, stay with Marketingno.
Early Life and Education: How Lewis Gratz Fell's Upbringing Influenced His Future Activism
Sure, there's a rewritten paragraph focused on lewis Gratz Fell's early life and education:
Lewis Gratz Fell was born into a prominent family in Philadelphia in 1805. His father was a successful lawyer and businessman, and his mother was a Quaker who instilled in him a strong sense of morality and social justice. Fell attended the University of Pennsylvania, where he studied law and graduated in 1827. His education and upbringing played a significant role in shaping his future activism, as he witnessed firsthand the injustices faced by marginalized communities, particularly African Americans.
Fell was deeply troubled by the institution of slavery and became a vocal advocate for its abolition. His early experiences with discrimination and inequality motivated him to use his legal education to fight for justice and equality for all. In the following sections, we'll explore how Fell's upbringing and education paved the way for his impactful career in law and social justice.
The Fight Against Slavery: Fell's Role in the Abolitionist Movement
Lewis Gratz Fell was a passionate activist who dedicated much of his life to the fight against slavery. Fell's role in the abolitionist movement was instrumental in bringing about change and promoting social justice. He worked tirelessly to abolish the cruel practice of slavery, believing that every human being deserved to be treated with dignity and respect.
Fell was actively involved in various anti-slavery organizations, including the Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society, where he served as a delegate to their annual meetings. He also played a key role in the Underground Railroad, helping enslaved people escape to freedom in the North. His efforts in this area earned him a reputation as a skilled and courageous conductor, despite the risks involved.
Throughout his life, Fell remained steadfast in his commitment to the abolitionist cause, and his tireless work helped to bring about the end of slavery in the United States. Today, his legacy serves as an inspiration to those who continue to fight for freedom, justice, and equality for all.
Breaking Barriers: Fell's Work as a Black Lawyer in the 19th Century
TheBreaking Barriers: Fell's Work as a Black Lawyer in the 19th Century
One of Lewis Gratz Fell's most remarkable accomplishments was breaking through the barriers faced by black lawyers in the 19th century. At the time, it was extremely rare for African Americans to become lawyers, let alone practice law. However, Fell refused to let his race hold him back. He pursued a legal education, studying under prominent attorneys of the day and even apprenticing with future U.S. Supreme Court Justice Benjamin Curtis.
With his education in hand, Fell became one of the first black lawyers in Pennsylvania, opening his own law office in Philadelphia. He faced discrimination and bigotry from both colleagues and clients, but remained committed to using his legal skills to fight for justice. His advocacy on behalf of black clients and other marginalized groups helped to advance the cause of civil rights and paved the way for future generations of black lawyers.
Fell's work as a trailblazing black lawyer is a testament to his resilience and determination to overcome the obstacles placed in his path.
Advocating for Women's Rights: Fell's Support for Suffrage and Gender Equality
Advocating for women's rights was a key aspect of Lewis Gratz Fell's activism. As he firmly believed in the importance of gender equality. In the late 19th century, Fell became involved in the women's suffrage movement and used his legal expertise to advocate for women's right to vote. He also supported the right of women to pursue higher education, recognizing that education was essential to achieving equality. Fell was particularly outspoken about the need for African American women to have access to education. As he believed that education was a powerful tool for empowerment.
In addition to his work in suffrage and education, Fell also fought for women's rights in the legal profession. He encouraged women to pursue careers in law and was an advocate for equal pay and opportunities for female lawyers. His commitment to gender equality and women's rights made him a pioneer in his time. And his legacy continues to inspire those fighting for justice today.
Legacy in Legal Education: Fell's Contributions to the Formation of Law Schools
Lewis Gratz Fell's impact on legal education is a crucial part of his legacy. In the mid-19th century, Fell recognized the need for formal legal education in the United States, which was still a relatively new concept at the time. He believed that in order to ensure that lawyers were properly trained and equipped to serve their clients. There needed to be a more structured and consistent approach to legal education.
As a result, Fell played a pivotal role in the formation of law schools. Both through his work as an educator and as a co-founder of the National Law School of Washington, D.C. His vision helped to establish the modern legal education system that we know today. With its emphasis on rigorous academic training and practical experience. Fell's contributions to legal education have had a lasting impact. Shaping the way that lawyers are trained and prepared to serve their communities.
Continuing the Fight for Justice: How Fell's Legacy Lives on Today
Continuing the Fight for Justice: How Fell's Legacy Lives on Today
Despite passing away over a century ago, Lewis Gratz Fell's legacy continues to inspire activists and attorneys to this day. Fell's work as a lawyer and activist was groundbreaking in his time. And his contributions to the fight for justice have continued to resonate with future generations. Today, Fell's legacy lives on through the efforts of those who continue to advocate for marginalized communities. And work to uphold the values of equity and fairness that he fought for throughout his life.
In particular, Fell's work in advancing the rights of Black Americans and other marginalized groups has been especially impactful. His advocacy for equal access to education and the right to vote laid the groundwork for future civil rights movements. And his pioneering work as a Black lawyer in the 19th century paved the way for other attorneys of color to follow in his footsteps.
Overall, the legacy of Lewis Gratz Fell serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of fighting for justice and equality. Both in the legal profession and in society as a whole. As we continue to confront systemic injustices and work towards a more equitable future. Fell's legacy will undoubtedly continue to inspire and guide us.
Overcoming Adversity: How Fell's Resilience and Perseverance Inspired Others
Lewis Gratz Fell was no stranger to adversity, but it was his resilience and perseverance that truly set him apart. Born into a society that saw Black Americans as second-class citizens, Fell faced countless obstacles throughout his life.
But despite the many challenges he faced. He never gave up on his dream of becoming a lawyer and fighting for justice. Fell's tenacity and determination inspired many others to follow in his footsteps, even when the odds seemed stacked against them. Whether he was advocating for the abolition of slavery or championing women's rights. Fell never lost sight of his goal: to make the world a more just and equitable place.
And while he may have faced setbacks and disappointments along the way. Fell's unwavering commitment to his principles inspired countless others to overcome their own adversities and fight for a better future.
In conclusion, lewis Gratz Fell was a true trailblazer in the fields of law and social justice. His unwavering commitment to fighting for the rights of marginalized communities. Even in the face of seemingly insurmountable obstacles, was nothing short of inspirational.
Fell's legacy lives on to this day, as his contributions to the legal profession and. The fight for justice continues to inspire new generations of activists and attorneys.
His work was on behalf of the abolitionist and suffrage movements. As well as his efforts to create a more equitable society have left an indelible mark on American history.
And while there is still much work to be done to achieve true equality and justice for all. We can all draw inspiration from lewis Gratz Fell's resilience. Perseverance, and unyielding commitment to fighting for what is right.


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VANCOUVER — British Columbia should be well into its rainy season, but instead, persistent hot and dry weather has created drought conditions. Here are some of the numbers connected with the drought:
Recorded rainfall between July and Oct. 18, compared with average rainfall:
Sechelt: current 9 mm, average 200 mm
Powell River: current 27 mm, average 192 mm
Fort Nelson: current 61 mm, average 182 mm
The B.C. government ranks drought levels from 0 to 5, with a 5 rating being the most severe with adverse effects to socio-economic or ecosystem values being almost certain.
5: The Sunshine Coast, all regions of Vancouver Island, Lower Mainland, Fort Nelson, and north, south and east Peace regions.
4: Central Coast, Haida Gwaii, eastern Pacific Range and Kettle.
201: wildfires still burning in B.C.
50: new wildfires sparked since Oct. 11.
23.9: The percentage of wildfires confirmed that were human-caused.
Eleven daily maximum high temperatures were set across B.C. on Oct. 17.
25.5 C: The high temperature in Dawson Creek, 5 C above the previous daily high, set in 2018.
21.6 C: The high temperature in Prince George, 3 C above the previous daily high, set in 1922.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published Oct. 18, 2022.
The Canadian Press

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


VISTA Training Offers PC-based Bulldozer Simulator
VISTA Training now offers a PC-based bulldozer simulator from Simlog. This instructionally designed simulation software puts trainees at the controls of a medium-sized bulldozer at work in a typical construction site. Seven simulation modules are structured to train entry-level operators on basic operation and core skills. Lessons begin with controls familiarization and progress to more complex tasks.
"This new dozer simulator is the perfect complement to VISTA's dozer training programs," said VISTA Training President Rick Longstaff. "By using them together, fleet owners can provide comprehensive yet cost-effective training to their operator candidates."
The operation of the bulldozer simulator can be customized to simulate the behavior of a wide variety of machines. For example, it can be configured to use separate foot pedals for the decelerator and brake, or just a single pedal that combines both functions. Blade speed can also be adjusted.
As trainees perform tasks in the simulator, the software records data about key performance indicators that measure how quickly and carefully the simulated work is performed. The simulator tracks more than 20 performance indicators. This data can be used to provide diagnostic coaching to trainees, to help them overcome weak spots in their skills.


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Roman bronze stylus filigree I
(Unit Price: 18,90 ¤ per pcs.)
Roman bronze stylus
The stylus 'Stilus' is a massive, cool writing tool from polished bronze. This is an antique writing utensil for writing on wax tablets, crafted in very noble fashion, made by applying the lost wax technique. The pointed end serves for writing letters or numbers. The flattened end is an eraser tool to smooth out the carved writing.
This bronze stylus is made very complex, using the traditional technology of the 'lost mould'. An individual wax model is here provided for each stylus, embedded in a mould of gypsum. The mould is heated, so that during casting the now liquid wax can run out. The metal is heated and cast into the hollow cavity of the gypsum mould. Then the mould is smashed and the unfinished casting is cleaned. Finally, the moulding blank is ground and polished glossy!
The stylus was used as a writing tool till the 1960s to inscribe slate and wax tablets. The shape of the stylus was most of the time round or angular, it was made of iron, bronze, bone or sometimes of silver. The point of the stylus pressed into the wax to write. The other end, shaped like a scoop, helped to correct errors. By smoothing out the wax surface, the tablets could be reused for writing. Some Roman styluses look like busts of the goddess, Minerva, because in the Roman age she was considered the guardian goddess of teachers and writers.
What an unusual 'notepad' and a noble writing tool!
- stylus length 4 inch (10cm)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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We present a 3D computational imaging system based on a mode-mixing cavity at microwave frequencies. The core component of this system is an electrically large rectangular cavity with one corner re-shaped to catalyze mode mixing, often called a Sinai Billiard. The front side of the cavity is perforated with a grid of periodic apertures that sample the cavity modes and project them into the imaging scene. The radiated fields are scattered by the scene and are measured by low gain probe antennas. The complex radiation patterns generated by the cavity thus encode the scene information onto a set of frequency modes. Assuming the first Born approximation for scattering dynamics, the received signal is processed using computational methods to reconstruct a 3D image of the scene with resolution determined by the diffraction limit. The proposed mode-mixing cavity is simple to fabricate, exhibits low losses, and can generate highly diverse measurement modes. The imaging system demonstrated in this letter can find application in security screening and medical diagnostic imaging.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Journal||Applied Physics Letters|
|State||Published - May 11 2015|
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)


%A Karl Branting %A Bruce Porter %T Rules and Precedents as Complementary Warrants %J AAAI-91 %P 3-9 %D 1991 %I AAAI/MIT Press %X This paper describes a model of the complementarity of rules and precedents in the classification task. Under this model, precedents assist rule-based reasoning by operationalizing abstract rule antecedents. Conversely, rules assist case-based reasoning through case elaboration, the process of inferring case facts in order to increase the similarity between cases, and term reformulation, the process of relacing a term whose precedents only weakly match a case with terms whose precedents strongly match the case. Fully exploiting this complementarity requires a control strategy characterized by impartiality, the absence of arbitrary ordering restrictions on the use of rules and precedents. An impartial control startegy was implemented in GREBE in the domain of Texas worker's compensation law. In a preliminary evaluation, GREBE's performance was found to be as good or slightly better than the performance of law students on the same task. %X _URL_


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Fast and accurate CT dose measurements
Piranha is a universal X-ray dosimeter, a new generation device for monitoring the electrical and radiation parameters of X-ray machines. The Piranha CT measures and presents all parameters instantly and simultaneously. It measures kVp, Time, Total Filtration, CTDI parameters, dose length product, and presents Waveform.
Several important parameters can also be measured such as CTDI100, CTDIw, CTDIvol, DLP, FWHM, Geometric efficiency, and tube current variations.
The unique feature of the Piranha CT X-ray meter makes it possible to check the position of the detector before measuring. By using the Position Check function, you can verify that the detector area is fully irradiated. Possible field inhomogeneities are also neutralized.
Request a free consultation today!


to 90th percentile bands.
The hourly average wind direction at Sand Point Airport throughout April is predominantly from the north, with a peak proportion of 36% on April 20.
Wind Direction in April
Wind Direction in April at Sand Point AirportNE181522291122334455667788991010111112121313141415151616171718181919202021212222232324242525262627272828292930300%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%MarMaywestsoutheastnorth
The percentage of hours in which the mean wind direction is from each of the four cardinal wind directions (north, east, south, and west), excluding hours in which the mean wind speed is less than 1 mph. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries are the percentage of hours spent in the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).
Water Temperature
Sand Point Airport is located near a large body of water (e.g., ocean, sea, or large lake). This section reports on the wide-area average surface temperature of that water.
The average surface water temperature at Sand Point Airport is essentially constant during April, remaining within 1°F of 38°F throughout.
Average Water Temperature in April
The daily average water temperature (purple line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
Growing Season
Definitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere).
The growing season at Sand Point Airport typically lasts for 5.8 months (179 days), from around May 6 to around October 31, rarely starting before April 16 or after May 24, and rarely ending before October 10 or after November 26.
The month of April at Sand Point Airport is more likely than not fully outside of the growing season, with the chance that a given day is in the growing season rapidly increasing from 1% to 36% over the course of the month.
Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in April
Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in April at Sand Point Airport181522291122334455667788991010111112121313141415151616171718181919202021212222232324242525262627272828292930300%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%MarMayApr 11%Apr 11%Apr 3036%Apr 3036%Apr 115%Apr 115%Apr 2117%Apr 2117%50%May 650%May 690%May 2490%May 24freezingvery coldcoldfrigid
The percentage of time spent in various temperature bands: frigid < 15°F < freezing < 32°F < very cold < 45°F < cold < 55°F < cool < 65°F < comfortable < 75°F < warm < 85°F < hot < 95°F < sweltering. The black line is the percentage chance that a given day is within the growing season.
Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F.
The average accumulated growing degree days at Sand Point Airport are essentially constant during April, remaining around 0°F throughout.
Growing Degree Days in April
The average growing degree days accumulated over the course of April, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
Solar Energy
This section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation.
The average daily incident shortwave solar energy at Sand Point Airport is increasing during April, rising by 1.2 kWh, from 3.0 kWh to 4.3 kWh, over the course of the month.
Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in April
The average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground per square meter (orange line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
Topography
For the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Sand Point Airport are 55.317 deg latitude, -160.521 deg longitude, and 7 ft elevation.
The topography within 2 miles of Sand Point Airport contains significant variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 554 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 49 feet. Within 10 miles contains significant variations in elevation (2,208 feet). Within 50 miles contains large variations in elevation (5,384 feet).
The area within 2 miles of Sand Point Airport is covered by water (70%) and shrubs (27%), within 10 miles by water (57%) and shrubs (40%), and within 50 miles by water (73%) and shrubs (20%).
Data Sources
This report illustrates the typical weather at Sand Point Airport year round, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016.
Temperature and Dew Point
Sand Point Airport has a weather station that reported reliably enough during the analysis period that we have included it in our network. When available, historical temperature and dew point measurements are taken directly from this weather station. These records are obtained from NOAA's Integrated Surface Hourly data set, falling back on ICAO METAR records as required.
In the case of missing or erroneous measurements from this station, we fall back on records from nearby stations, adjusted according to typical seasonal and diurnal intra-station differences. For a given day of the year and hour of the day, the fallback station is selected to minimize the prediction error over the years for which there are measurements for both stations.
The stations on which we may fall back are Nelson Lagoon Airport, King Cove Airport, Cold Bay Airport, and Chignik Airport.
Other Data
All data relating to the Sun's position (e.g., sunrise and sunset) are computed using astronomical formulas from the book, Astronomical Tables of the Sun, Moon and Planets , by Jean Meeus.
All other weather data, including cloud cover, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and solar flux, come from NASA's MERRA-2 Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis . This reanalysis combines a variety of wide-area measurements in a state-of-the-art global meteorological model to reconstruct the hourly history of weather throughout the world on a 50-kilometer grid.
Land Use data comes from the Global Land Cover SHARE database , published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Elevation data comes from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) , published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Names, locations, and time zones of places and some airports come from the GeoNames Geographical Database .
Time zones for aiports and weather stations are provided by AskGeo.com .
Maps are © Esri, with data from National Geographic, Esri, DeLorme, NAVTEQ, UNEP-WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN, GEBCO, NOAA, and iPC.
Disclaimer
The information on this site is provided as is, without any assurances as to its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. Weather data is prone to errors, outages, and other defects. We assume no responsibility for any decisions made on the basis of the content presented on this site.
We draw particular cautious attention to our reliance on the MERRA-2 model-based reconstructions for a number of important data series. While having the tremendous advantages of temporal and spatial completeness, these reconstructions: (1) are based on computer models that may have model-based errors, (2) are coarsely sampled on a 50 km grid and are therefore unable to reconstruct the local variations of many microclimates, and (3) have particular difficulty with the weather in some coastal areas, especially small islands.
We further caution that our travel scores are only as good as the data that underpin them, that weather conditions at any given location and time are unpredictable and variable, and that the definition of the scores reflects a particular set of preferences that may not agree with those of any particular reader.


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— July 2002
|This popular port is a living museum and a window to America's seafaring past.|
Mystic's lifeblood has been the sea since its settlement in the 1600's. Some 600 vessels were built on its shores between 1784 and 1919, and most of its citizens were shipwrights who worked their farms in the summer and spent the rest of the year building the sloops and schooners that plied the rich New England waters as well as those of the southern states and the Caribbean.
Long an important fishing and whaling port, Mystic changed in 1838 when George Clark and Thomas Greenman set up their shipbuilding business on what would become the site of the Mystic Seaport Museum. Over the next 40 years, the Greenman yard launched almost 100 vessels, including sloops, clipper ships, and steamboats. The nearby Mallory shipyard, now the museum's restoration yard, also built clippers and steamboats.
American's inexorable tie to the sea is nowhere more evident than in Mystic. It's one of my favorite destinations while cruising in New England, and after you stop by, it will surely become one of yours.
TO GET THERE
This article originally appeared in the January 2003 issue of Power & Motoryacht magazine.


Developing multiethnic youth language in Helsinki
This Chapter is currently unavailable for purchase.
This paper discusses the phenomena of youth language in multiethnic suburbs in Eastern Helsinki. The paper describes how adolescents make use of multiethnic social reality and the linguistic resources of their surroundings, i.e. different languages as well as varieties of Finnish. The possibility of the emergence of new multiethnic youth varieties or styles (Quist 2008) is discussed. The paper is mainly based on a sociolinguistic study conducted in 2002–2004 (Lehtonen 2004) and the data consist of participant observation, recorded interviews and other audio and video recordings. In the data, phenomena such as stylisation and language crossing (Rampton 1995) and a continuum from code-switching to language mixing (Auer 1999) can be observed.
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Salt of Hartshorn, also known as baker's ammonia, is a leavening agent that was originally made from hartshorn oil. Nowadays, salt of hartshorn is chemically produced. It contains ammonium carbonate.
Salt of Hartshorn is used as a leavening agent in baking pastries, especially in some traditional recepies.
Other tips for use:
– Starting a new aquarim
– Protecting berry bushes from birds:
One sachet (30 g) of ammonium carbonate is divided into three 0,5 l bottles filled with water. Bottles are then digged in the ground between the berry bushes so that the liquid can evaporate freely from the bottle. Evaporating liquid with its odor keeps the birds away from berry bushes. Human cannot smell the odor.
Chemically produced, not of animal origin. Store at room temperature, tightly closed.
Sachet 30 g

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Thermal Load Reduction of Truck Tractor Sleeper Cabins 2008-01-2618
Several configurations of truck tractor sleeper cabs were tested and modeled to investigate the potential to reduce heating and cooling loads. Two trucks were tested outdoors and a third was used as a control. Data from the testing were used to validate a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model and this model was used to predict reductions in cooling loads during daytime rest periods. The test configurations included the application of standard-equipped sleeper privacy curtain and window shades, an optional insulated or arctic sleeper curtain, and insulated window coverings. The standard curtain reduced sleeper area heating load by 21% in one test truck, while the arctic curtain decreased it by 26%. Insulated window coverings reduced the heating load by 16% in the other test truck and lowered daytime solar temperature gain by 8°C. The lowered temperature resulted in a predicted 34% reduction in cooling load from the model. Modeling also predicted doubling cab insulation could reduce cooling load by 35% and up to 54% with the sleeper curtain closed. Infrared images of the truck cabs identified other potential areas to reduce heat loss that included areas around window and door seals, at body and structural seams, and areas where insulation may be lacking around air circulation ducts.


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Luanda – Angolan historian Júlio Mendes defended on Friday in Luanda that the legacy of the poet and first President of Angola, António Agostinho Neto, needs a deeper research in order to pass them to future generations.
Júlio Mendes, who is also a lecturer at Higher Institute for Educational Sciences (ISCED),
defended this stand whilst addressing the workshop on "Agostinho Neto, national and foreign cultural values" at the auditorium of Oscar Ribas University.
To the historian, Neto's legacy, which will be studied, contains various aspects relating to his sacrifice to fight against the Portuguese colonialism that led to the country's independence, in November 11, 1975.
"Agostinho Neto used his poems to fight against colonialists and made people believe that it is possible to fight against slavery", he stressed.
About the poems "Sábados nos Musseques" and "Ansiedade", of the "Sacred Hope" book, the source said that they mainly portray the hardships of black people.
This workshop was organised under the activities to celebrate the National Hero's Day, September 17.


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In this study the results of magnetic tests, carried out by an experimental model device employing a High Critical Temperature bulk Superconductor (HTCS) ring above circular iron-magnetic guideway, are presented and discussed. The model device simulates, by analogy, the electromagnetic behaviour of magnetic levitation vehicle, using bulk HTCS on board, riding above the iron-magnetic guideway. In the wide range of work conditions magnetic levitation experiments were conducted and lift and drag forces were measured. Moreover numerical analyses by two-dimensional finite element parametric models were carried out; the results are presented in terms of levitation, guidance forces and flux density distribution.
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Waterways by Joanne Duffy
Original artwork by artist Joanne Duffy.
Artworkis finished in artist quality oil & acrylic paints on a Belgian linen canvas, stretched over a timber frame.
- "Waterways" was created in 2020 and has no prior owners.
- Full authenticity certificate will be provided to the new owner.
- Artwork signed front and back.
- Ready to hang.
- Suitable to frame.
"Waterways explores the ever changing profile of rural lands. The transformation of the landscape caused by the presence of wind and water. Its arrival and existence, and the lasting effects as it disappears again. The shifting of top soils, breaking down vegetation, erosion and rebuilding the terrain. "Waterways" explores these ever evolving profiles over time."
For Artwork Enquiries Contact Rochfort Gallery:
_EMAIL_ or 0438 700 712


Scop of MA English literature and linguistics in Pakistan
Pakistan is a progressing country. We have been teaching English as Second language to our students. So, Everyone is curious about the scope of the Master or BS level degree in English in Pakistan. I have explained in detail the concepts associated with the scope of bs in English or MA in English in Pakistan.
Bs and MA english literature and linguistics scope
Scope of BS English / MA English in Pakistan
The difference between MA English and BS English is very minor. BS in English Literature and Linguistics is equal to a Master in English literature and linguistics.
 So, both degrees have the same scope and importance in Pakistan.
Is BS English / MA English a good degree?
MA English is the best degree to choose at master level, it not only polishes your reading and writing abilities but also gives you the best options in your career.
It's not because it is an international language, the main reason is that it is our official language used at educational institutes and courts.
English is a mandatory language for almost every job and a master's degree in English opens several upcoming opportunities.
You can read details about MA English syllabus and subjects in a separate post on this blog.
The degree is of two years offered by several universities and you can attempt it as a private student. The admission criteria differ for each institution but it basically depends upon the graduation marks. You will cover both classical and modern English in these two years.
If you are not interested in English, you can choose a subject from a list of all subjects for Private MA and do an MA in any subjects you want.
Jobs and Careers after MA English
After getting a master's degree in MA English you can show excellence in various fields. A master of the English language is unbeatable in communication skills.
Many companies and firms demand persons to handle national and international communication with clients. If you are holding a degree in MA English following are the major careers you can adopt.
You can do the following jobs after MA English in Pakistan:
1. Teaching:
The first best career for a person who has his major in English is to be a teacher. You can try into the government sector after having a professional education degree.
Teaching at different levels like school, college or a coaching center is a very respectable job. You can attend international teaching seminars to get a job at the best educational institutes.
Instead of traditional teaching, you can work as a remote teacher to help out students in learning English. You can also start writing or spoken English program and teach students online.
This not only makes you in ease but also you can charge a handsome fee for international students.
2. Freelancing:
People are usually looking for a remote job. If you have an English degree your excellence in writing and communication gives you a high opportunity here.
You can work as a Virtual Assistant for different persons. All you need to make an account on a Freelancing platform, make a grabbing profile, get clients, and work anytime and from anywhere.
You can work more than a Virtual Assistant, a Freelance Writer, or a Rewriter, more than it you can do academic research for clients. If you have a good voice, you can also work as an English Voiceover artist.
3. Professional Writer:
Every proposal and record are present in a well-mannered written format in most companies. Different businesses and companies demand a proposal to be properly documented and written in a defined form.
Major companies hire specialists to write their letters, professional E-mails to the clients, and proposals to be documented. A person having a master's in English should try this job.
4. Articulate at a Company:
In the industry, companies need to communicate with each other and with clients. This communication not only confined to document sharing but sometimes it needs to have personal meetings and conversations to attend.
Employees having a high command of their work sometimes lose clients because of poor attitude in communication.
Companies then give jobs to specialists who can handle verbal communication at offices. An English degree holder is the best person to act as a verbal assistant at a company.
5. Content Writer:
This is the era of technology; everything is moving online. Business, firms, and associations are building their Websites and Webpages to reach out to more clients. They need persons to write their content on their websites, day by day changes and writings are required for several areas of a Website.
You can work as a content writer for more than one company. International companies also offer online jobs as Content Writer remotely.
These companies not only offer a good package but also you get experience and can reach out to more clients.
6. Civil Services Jobs and Tests
If you have enough command on English and good at writing skills you can go for a civil service exam like CSS and PMS.
A person with a strong background in English finds it a great option for their future as they have a good knowledge of literature and history. These White-Collar jobs are not only highly paid but also give you a strong position at working place.
BS English is good for CSS as it gives you an excellent writing skill in English. Moreover, you have a sound knowledge of English language and literature which helps you a lot in CSS.
You can read my other post on a Complete guide and information about CSS.
7. Editor:
If you have a high command of English you can work as an Editor at different places. Many offices, law firms, educational institutes, publishing houses, and newspaper publishing places requires a highly skilled and professional editor.
As a MA English degree holder, you can work as an Editor at these places.
Moreover, you can also work as a script editor, web content editor, and indifferent magazine publishing company. Many offices related to publishing also need editors to refine their work.
8. Journalist:
Another well-paid job is being a journalist or to join a media center either print or electronic media. As an MA English degree holder, you can well describe the facts using catching words than others.
You can do research, edit content, write news stories; for magazines, journals, newspapers, and for online media places. You can also join media places as an anchorperson as you have proficient skills in English.
But for journalism, you need to have a good vocabulary, high command on word usage, and expressive in your writing.
Related post: Scope of mass communication in Pakistan
9. English Learning Academy:
If you want to be a self-employer after getting a MA English degree, you have your option. Many people are searching for an English academy or a tutor.
Open your own academy, arrange classes for both English speaking and writing. Both courses are always in demand as people wanted to improve their English skills. You will get a handsome income from this self-employment job.
10. Translator, Proofreader etc
You can apply for this job. You also join Fivver to get you the order for this service. People will hire you to do the translation, proofreading and other content manipulation jobs. But being a success on Fivver is not easy. You can read our post which will help you get your first order on Fivver with simple tips and tricks
Benefits of MA English in Pakistan
The best advantage of having an English degree is that you have a hold on grammar and writing capabilities. This opens a lot of options as you can write whatever you want and covert your ideas in an efficient manner.
If you have some knowledge about SEO, you can also start your website or write articles for others. You can work as a reporter, an Urdu translator, proofreader, and much more.
MA English or BS English salary in Pakistan
The salary of MA English or BS English depends upon the nature of Job and the scope of the company in which you are working.
The salary of an English teacher at secondary level is usually between Rs 20,000 to Rs 30,000. But the colleges offer a higher salary between Rs 30,000-50,000 to English teachers.
Similarly, if you do content editing and translation and proofreading jobs, you may get Rs 30,000 to Rs 50,000 in a month easily.
I hope you will like this article as it covers all the major fields which well suited for a person having its major degree in English. The scope of BS English and MA English is good in Pakistan but it all depends upon your hard work and secondary skills.
You may like to read more about these topics by following the links below:
1. What to do after BA in Pakistan
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Solving Van der Pol equation with ivp_solve
Van der Pol's differential equation is
The equation describes a system with nonlinear damping, the degree of nonlinearity given by μ. If μ = 0 the system is linear and undamped, but as μ increases the strength of the nonlinearity increases. We will plot the phase portrait for the solution to Van der Pol's equation in Python using SciPy's new ODE solver ivp_solve.
The function ivp_solve does not solve second-order systems of equations directly. It solves systems of first-order equations, but a second-order differential equation can be recast as a pair of first-order equations by introducing the first derivative as a new variable.
\begin{align*} {dx \over dt} &= y \\ {dy \over dt}&= \mu(1-x^2)y -x \\ \end{align*}
Since y is the derivative of x, the phase portrait is just the plot of (x, y).
Phase portait of Van der Pol oscillator
If μ = 0, we have a simple harmonic oscillator and the phase portrait is simply a circle. For larger values of μ the solutions enter limiting cycles, but the cycles are more complicated than just circles. These limiting cycles are periodic attractors: every non-trivial solution converges to the limit cycle.
Here's the Python code that made the plot.
from scipy import linspace
from scipy.integrate import solve_ivp
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def vdp(t, z):
 x, y = z
a, b = 0, 10
mus = [0, 1, 2]
styles = ["-", "--", ":"]
t = linspace(a, b, 500)
for mu, style in zip(mus, styles):
 sol = solve_ivp(vdp, [a, b], [1, 0], t_eval=t)
 plt.plot(sol.y[0], sol.y[1], style)
# make a little extra horizontal room for legend
plt.legend([f"$\mu={m}$" for m in mus])
To plot the solutions as a function of time, rather than plotting phase portraits, change the line
 plt.plot(sol.t, sol.y[0], style)
and comment out the line setting xlim This gives the following plot.
Van der Pol oscillator solutions as a function of time
More dynamical system posts
One thought on "Solving Van der Pol equation with ivp_solve
 1. I think you would be amazed at the applications that rely on the assessment of the damping characteristics of a system. Although I am a simply geotechnical engineer who focuses on soil and rock, we still study the damping and amplification of natural materials affected by earthquake and blast induced vibrations, and so many others. The ralated post on mechanical vibrations that is referenced is more familar to me, as the same equations are used to design foundations to support oscillating equipment, such as a ball mill in a ore processing plant at a mine or a generator in a hydroelectric powerhouse. Absolutely fascinating stuff!!!
 Thanks for all the great posts in 2019! Have a great holiday season!
 Can't wait to see what you have to share in 2020!!!
Leave a Reply


text:
One of the earliest records of giants appearing in a procession other than
that of the Corpus Christi celebrations is recorded in Sineu in 1653 in a
payment of 1 lliura, 8 sous 12 diners to be paid to Master Craftsman
Pere Antoni to make the costume to be worn by the giant at the celebrations
of the patron saint, St Rock. It is unknown if the giant also participated
in the Corpus Christi procession. There is also documentary evidence of this
giant accompanying the Sineu cossiers.
The present day giants are made from fibreglass with an internal aluminium
structure. They were presented to their town on 8 October 2005, on the
occasion of their baptism, in the presence of other giants, including
some from Minorca. Their godparents were the giant Toni of Sa Poble and
the Inca giantess. He was named Marc in honour of St Mark the patron saint
of the town and she became Maria dels Āngels in honour of Our Lady in one of her
many guises. Marc measures 3.78 metres and weighs 34 kilos. Maria dels Āngels
measures slightly less at 3.75 metres but weighs one kilo more.
They were built by Aragonesa de Fiestas in Zaragoza.
He represents the traditional blacksmith; tools of trade in one hand, a
horseshoe in the other. She is dressed as a typical countrywoman, a gatherer
of figs, with her basket.


text:
November 27, 2010
3 cups milled corn grits #10 or #12
3 cups water
1.) Boil the water into the pot, in a medium heat.
2.) Pour the corn grits.
3.) When the corn is boiling, turn the heat down to medium low and cover the pot.
4.) After the corn grains have been cooking for a few minutes, check for holes or "craters."
5.) When you see the holes or craters, cover the pot and turn the heat to low.
6.) Simmer it for another 15 minutes.
7.) Serve it hot.


text:
Here we propose a psychological model of over-purchasing informed by animal foraging theory and make predictions about variables that predict over-purchasing by either exacerbating or mitigating the anticipation of future scarcity. These variables include additional scarcity cues (e.g. loss of income), distress (e.g. depression), psychological factors that draw attention to these cues (e.g. neuroticism) or to reassuring messages (eg. analytical reasoning) or which facilitate over-purchasing (e.g. income).
We tested our model in parallel nationally representative internet surveys of the adult general population conducted in the United Kingdom (UK: N = 2025) and the Republic of Ireland (RoI: N = 1041) 52 and 31 days after the first confirmed cases of COVID-19 were detected in the UK and RoI, respectively.
About three quarters of participants reported minimal over-purchasing. There was more over-purchasing in RoI vs UK and in urban vs rural areas. When over-purchasing occurred, in both countries it was observed across a wide range of product categories and was accounted for by a single latent factor. It was positively predicted by household income, the presence of children at home, psychological distress (depression, death anxiety), threat sensitivity (right wing authoritarianism) and mistrust of others (paranoia). Analytic reasoning ability had an inhibitory effect. Predictor variables accounted for 36% and 34% of the variance in over-purchasing in the UK and RoI respectively. With some caveats, the data supported our model and points to strategies to mitigate over-purchasing in future crises.
Bibliographical notePublisher Copyright:
© 2021 Bentall et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.


text:
What is Democratic Socialism?
This booklet provides a general introduction to the Democratic Socialism endorsed in the nations of the British Commonwealth. It was written specifically for the Co-operative Commonwealth Youth Movement, Saskatchewan Section.
Carlyle King, What is Democratic Socialism (Ottawa: Co-Operative Commonwealth Federation, 1943).
What is Democratic Socialism? 1943.pdf (29.83 MB)
Booklet, 36 pages, 12 cm x 17 cm
Ley and Lois Smith War, Memory and Popular Culture Research Collection - Western University - London, Ontario
Second World War


text:
Basketball Training – Learn How to Jump Higher In Basketball Training
If you play basketball you probably would love to learn how to jump higher in basketball training. Who wouldn't want to leap up and make those amazing jump shots? It takes a lot of natural ability to have a vertical jump of 40 inches or more, but even athletes without this rare aptitude can learn to harness their own power and improve their vertical jumps.
A great vertical jump requires both leg muscle power and reactive power.
A vertical jump requires two kinds of power; reactive and strength. Developing these two areas is crucial if you are wondering how to jump higher in basketball training. Part of each training session should be devoted to developing your muscle strength and reactive ability. Leg and calf muscles are primarily responsible for your leap, so vertical jump training focuses on developing these areas.
A good program will include leg weight training every other day and concentrate on other areas during the off days. This allows the muscles to heal between workouts and keeps the rest of your body balanced. Weight training for athletes interested in how to jump higher in basketball training is different from the training used for sports like football. Muscle weighs more than other tissues, so your goal is not to do overall body building. The heavier you are the more difficult it can become to jump higher.
The goal is to keep a balance between building your leg strength and any additional weight gain. The second kind of power you need to develop if you wonder how to jump higher in basketball training is your reactive power. Reactive power is connected to the nervous system and controls the rate of speed at which muscles contract. Fast muscle contraction is a key element in a high vertical jump.
How to jump higher in basketball training, focus efficiently on the aspects of your training.
The training exercises that improve reactive power are different from those used to build leg strength. Make certain your workout includes this important power building strategy if you are interested in how to jump higher in basketball training. These two elements work together to improve your jump. Increasing your leg muscles allow you to leap higher and increasing your reactive power gives you the speed to control the direction of your leap. A high jump doesn't accomplish much if you can't control your aim and make the shot.


text:
Riddle of the hanging coffins of Sichuan: The mysterious 400-year-old wooden tombs suspended on a Chinese cliff face
- The tombs are attached to mountain cliffs in Gongxian, Sichuan province
- Were left behind by the Bo people, thought to have died out 400 years ago
- Some experts say they hung them on cliffs to be within reach of the gods
- Others believe it was a handy way of keeping the bodies away from animals
They're definitely closer to god, one way or another.
But these bizarre hanging coffins have baffled people for centuries in southern China.
The tombs - attached to mountain cliffs in Gongxian, Sichuan province - were left behind by the Bo people, believed to have died out 400 years ago.
Each coffin is made from a hollowed out single tree trunk and was originally protected by a bronze cover.
Eerie: The tombs - attached to mountain cliffs in Gongxian, Sichuan province - were left behind by the Bo people, believed to have died out 400 years ago
Who'd have trunk it? Each coffin is made from a hollowed out single tree trunk and was originally protected by a bronze cover
Mystery: Nobody really knows why the Bo people dealt with their dead in this way
'Some of the tombs are nearly 3,000
years old and the most recent date back to about 1500. Nobody really
knows why they dealt with their dead in this way,' explained one local expert.
'It is believed that they thought the gods would be able to reach them more easily like that.
'People say that the hanging coffins prevented bodies from being taken by animals and also blessed the soul for all eternity.'
For the past two months these ancient hanging coffins have been undergoing renovation – the main aim being to stabilize and restore them.
More than 40 coffins were restored and a further 16 were uncovered.
Local expert Lin Chan said: 'Whilst working on restoring the hanging coffins, a further 16 were uncovered. They are over 3,000 years old and of great historical significance.
Within reach of God: Experts believe that they thought the gods would be able to reach them more easily suspended on a rock face
Safe from scavengers: It is also believed the hanging coffins prevented bodies from being taken by animals and also blessed the soul for all eternity
'The show us a lot about how our ancestors buried their dead and what their traditions were.'
are still hundreds of hanging coffins in the region. The lowest ones
are 10 metres above the ground and the highest 130 metres above the
'It is very difficult work to restore them, but it is necessary. Over the past ten years at least 20 of the coffins have fallen and this is something we want to prevent.'
The Bo were an ethnic minority living outside the borders of modern day Sichuan and Yunnan provinces. There they created a brilliant culture as early as 3,000 years ago.
Sticks and stone: But whatever the reason, the bizarre hanging coffins have baffled people for centuries in southern China
Restoration: For the past two months these ancient hanging coffins have been undergoing renovation ¿ the main aim being to stabilize and restore them
most recent hanging coffins were made up to about 400 years ago in the
middle and later periods of the Ming Dynasty (_PHONE_), while many of
the earliest ones date back 1,000 years to the Song Dynasty (_PHONE_).
To date, the earliest hanging coffin was one found in the Three Gorges area, dating back about 2,500 years to the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC- 476 BC).
The hanging coffin was the most widespread form of burial in ancient southwest China.
However, the practice ended with the mysterious disappearance of the Bo People.
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text:
The Liberty Ship John Muir
by Harold Wood
According to Edwin Way Teale, in his otherwise excellent book
The Wilderness World of John Muir
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1954), "during the First World War, a liberty
ship was christened the SS John Muir." Teale had his wars mixed up.
In actuality, all "Liberty Ships" were built during and used in the
Second World War, not the first.
The Liberty Ship John Muir was built in 1942. It was one of approximately 2700 Liberty Ships built during Second World War. A "Liberty Ship" was an emergency cargo ship, mass-produced
using a common design. As German submarines kept sinking supply ships, it was important
to the war effort to mass-produce as many new ships as possible for transporting supplies. So Liberty Ships had to be constructed quickly - in under six months. Since many hundreds of Liberty Ships were sunk under enemy fire during World War II, new Liberty Ships had to be built to replace them over and over again. Remarkably, the Liberty Ship John Muir survived the war, and was finally scrapped in 1966.
Liberty Ships were to be named, quite simply, after outstanding Americans, heroes and leaders in American history. This was easy for the first 300 ships, but became increasingly more difficult as the ship-building program expanded into the thousands. The simple list of the founding fathers and patriots had to be expanded into some 60 name lists, including authors, athletes, abolitionists, painters, historians, political and social reformers, scientists, college presidents, feminists, merchant marine heroes, railroad builders, diplomats, explorers, Indians, and pioneers. And not only Americans were recognized. Interestingly, several people who were friends of John Muir also had Liberty Ships named after them:
John Bidwell, John Burroughs, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Asa Gray,
David Starr Jordan, William Keith, William Kent, Joseph LeConte, Enos A. Mills, Harriet Monroe, Theodore Roosevelt,
Josiah D. Whitney, and S. Hall Young.
Here's the data about the Liberty Ship John Muir:
- Hull Number: 1226
- Date Built: December, 1942
- Built by: Marinship Corp., Sausalito,California, Yard No. 4.
- Scrapped: Portland, Oregon, May 1966
- Named after: Naturalist, explorer, conservationist, responsible for the establishment of the Yosemite National Park
- Length: 441 ft. 6 inches
- Breadth: 56 ft 10 3/4 inches
- Depth: 37 feet 4 inches
- Gross Tons: 7176 DWT: 10,414 tons
- Speed: 10-11 knots
Information provided by:
Captain C.J. Carroll
U.S. Merchant Marine, Retired
Captain of a Liberty ship at age 22 during the WW2
Still looking fir Mermaids.
Captain Carroll kindly responded to our April, 1998 request for information on
Liberty Ships: The Ugly Ducklings of World War II
by John Gorley Bunker (Annapolis, Naval Institute Press, 1972),
The Liberty Ship
by L.A. Sawyer and W.H. Mitchell
(Cornell Maritime Press, 1973),
The Liberty Ships - The People behind the
by Captain Deschamps, P.O.Box 10156 Bainbridge Island, Washington 98110.
| Alphabetical Index
| What's New


Dec 192019
ADM
How to measure execution time in Golang
 - December 19 2019
 - ADM

How to measure execution time in Golang - golang

To mesure the time used by an application in Golang or of a code section the functions time.Now() and time.Since() can be used.
Code Section Timing
package main
import (
 "fmt"
 "time"
)
func main() {
 fmt.Println("Simple time measurement Golang Example")
 fmt.Println("")
 start := time.Now()
 //measuring the durration of the for loop
 for index := 0; index < 10; index++ {
 time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
 }
 elapsed := time.Since(start)
 fmt.Printf("The 'for' loop took %s", elapsed)
}
Note: For this simple example it was used a for loop with 10 iterations having a 500 milliseconds sleep period.
Output
Simple time measurement Golang Example
The 'for' loop took 5.000286s
Note: The result is this example is expected based on the loop. 10 iterations X 500 milliseconds = ~ 5 sec
Function Timing
To measure the execution time for a function it's easier to create an separate function that measure the time, and using defer to the measuring function in the beginning of the function we want to measure will ensure that the measuring function will be executed the last before leaving the current function.
package main
import (
 "fmt"
 "time"
)
func timeMeasurement(start time.Time) {
 elapsed := time.Since(start)
 fmt.Printf("Execution time: %s", elapsed)
}
func workerFunction() {
 defer timeMeasurement(time.Now())
 fmt.Println("Running 'workerFunction' function")
 for index := 0; index < 10; index++ {
 time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
 }
}
func main() {
 fmt.Println("Function time measurement Golang Example")
 fmt.Println("")
 workerFunction()
}
Output
Function time measurement Golang Example
Running 'workerFunction' function
Execution time: 5.001286s
Compile&Run
To compile the code navigate to the file location and run the following command.
$ go build timeMeasurement.go
Assuming that timeMeasurement.go is the name of your file.
Then depending on if you are on Linux or Windows the binary file is created.
To run the application execute the command.
Linux
$ ./timeMeasurement
Windows
c:\Users\adm\go\tutorials> timeMeasurement.exe
If you want to compile and run the application in one single step run the following command:
go run timeMeasurement.go
References


text:
The Homeless No More Grant (HUMI)
Program Description: HUMI provides homeless prevention and move-in assistance program. The Homeless No More Grant provides one-time financial assistance to families who are facing eviction, or are already homeless. Whenever possible, this program seeks to intervene before a family falls into the cycle of homelessness.
Need in Gainesville:
1. This The number of school-aged children identified as homeless has more than doubled in the last five years (from 525 now at 1,021 children without a home in our school system).
2. Gainesville was just identified as the Florida city most affected by poverty.
3. Gainesville has the highest rent-cost burden rates of any metro in the state of Florida, according to Harvard University's Joint Center for Housing Studies (JCHS.)
We're going to do something about this.
Family Promise was awarded $20,000 that we're looking to have matched by businesses and grantors who care about reducing homelessness.
The goal of the program is to help families adjust their budget to make room for saving and work with landlords to reduce rent to a rate that is more affordable for the family's income. Through case management and financial assistance a plan is devised that will help families remain housed through the entirety of their lease and determine ways to either increase income or keep rent at an affordable rate.
The following will be used to determine eligibility for the program:
1. Must have a 3 day notice and/or are currently homeless
2. Have a proven financial hardship
3. Have been employed for at least 6 months
4. Rent is more than 30% of Income (rental assistance only)
5. Must have a child under the age of 18 in the home
6. Must have a reference
Role of Client:
1. Work on and follow living budget.
a. Provide monthly bank statements
2. Work on ways to increase income.
a. Education and Certifications
3. Work with landlord to improve communication and maintain housing.
Funded by Gainesville, FL (October 2019)


text:
People on Salt Spring Island will soon benefit from on-island compost production, moving them closer to meeting their climate-action objectives.
The Province's CleanBC Organic Infrastructure and Collection Program is providing almost $170,000 to create a composting facility that will process organic materials generated by the island's food businesses (grocers, restaurants, etc.), health-care institutions, schools and the Salt Spring Abattoir.
"Salt Spring Islanders are known for taking action to fight climate change and to support sustainable local food systems and a healthy environment," said George Heyman, Minister of Environment and Climate Change Strategy. "This investment will help reduce Salt Spring Island's carbon footprint, transform its food waste into productive agricultural soil, and support a strong, local economy and food security."
The new project is made possible by a partnership between the Capital Regional District, Salt Spring Island Farmland Trust Society (Farmland Trust), Salt Spring Abattoir Society, and Salt Spring Island Community Services Society. The partners will provide land for the composting operation and will oversee operation of the facility. The system will produce Class A compost for use in agriculture, increasing food production and benefiting the entire community.
"Island communities are often challenged by a lack of local infrastructure, requiring them to ship food waste off-island and import compost on-island by truck and ferry," said Aman Singh, Parliamentary Secretary for Environment. "Our government is providing the necessary funding that will significantly reduce Salt Spring Island's waste shipping costs and the harmful greenhouse gases that accompany them."
The new facility will be located at the Burgoyne Valley Community Farm, owned by the Farmland Trust, which strives to preserve, promote and revitalize local agriculture. It is expected the new system will avoid the need to ship at least 100 tonnes of compost into the community every year.
Launched in 2020, the CleanBC Organics Infrastructure and Collection Program is providing B.C. communities as much as $25.9 million over three years to develop or expand their ability to divert organic waste from landfills. Through cost-sharing arrangements, the funding recipients are contributing at least one-third of eligible project costs.
This program adds to the Organics Infrastructure Program, which saw the provincial, federal and local governments partner to fund $30 million for the development of 16 composting facilities in British Columbia.
Sheila Dobie, chair, Salt Spring Island Farmland Trust –
"Dealing with community-produced food waste without having a composting facility has been an unresolved challenge for many years. I am proud of the many community organizations, businesses and individuals who worked tirelessly for the past 10 years to make this project a reality."
Gary Holman, Salt Spring Island electoral director, Capital Regional District –
"Most of the greenhouse gas emissions from our landfills come from organic waste that was improperly disposed of. The new compost system will help prevent this from happening and move the district as a whole closer to our climate-action goals."
For more information about the CleanBC Organics Infrastructure and Collection Program, visit: _URL_
For more information about the Organics Infrastructure Program, visit: _URL_


text:
<PLEASE NOTE: Samsung Chord will not be distributed in public from January 2016>
Chord SDK allows you to easily share messages and content between devices in the same subnet in real-time. You can do this without a deep understanding of the networks and without a separate server.
- Searching Devices and Managing Groups
- Find devices near you, create logical groups for devices, participate in multiple groups, withdraw from groups, and find information on devices in groups
- Transferring Data and Files
- Chord SDK allows you to transfer data and files to applications in a group. Chord SDK supports not only TCP but also UDP and reliable UDP transfer. The data transfer is designed to be intuitive for applications.
- Encrypting Data - An encryption function to protect data and files during transfer.
- Devices with Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich (API level 14) or higher support Chord.
- Chord does not support Atom x86 for Android API 17.
SDK for Android
Imported OpenSSL version is updated to 1.0.1h
Runtime exception is fixed in network reconnection scenario


text:
What is it about?
Aquatic invasive species (AIS), such as invasive fish, can spread through waterways. There are several strategies to prevent this, which can be deployed at lock and dam structures within major rivers. Injecting carbon dioxide (CO2) into river water is one such strategy. This method deters AIS from migrating upstream and does not disrupt vessel passage or lock operation. CO2 injection systems are quite effective in small scale, controlled settings. But how do they perform in large navigation lock structures? To find out, researchers assessed the design and performance of a system deployed in the Fox River in Wisconsin.
Photo by Sara Kurfeß on Unsplash
Why is it important?
CO2 injection in water can prevent the spread of AIS at navigation pinch points. The authors of this study assessed the performance of floor based and wall based CO2 injection manifolds in lock structures. They also studied the mixing time, mixing efficiency, injection efficiency, and power requirements for each system. Both manifolds performed well in preventing fish from entering the lock chamber or forcing resident fish downstream. Multiple concentrated manifolds met the performance requirements of locks that allow movement in one direction. Distributed manifolds performed best in locks that allow movement in both directions. These findings can help inform the effective design and operation of CO2 injection systems in the future. KEY TAKEAWAY: CO2 injection using a system of different manifolds can create a uniform CO2 field in the water. When deployed in navigation locks, this can stop the spread of invasive species.
Read the Original
This page is a summary of: Performance of a Carbon Dioxide Injection System at a Navigation Lock to Control the Spread of Aquatic Invasive Species, Journal of Environmental Engineering, April 2022, American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), DOI: 10.1061/(asce)ee._PHONE_._PHONE_.
You can read the full text:
Be the first to contribute to this page


text:
Who was Ray Charles father?
Where did Ray Charles money go?
When he died in 2004, Charles left most of his estate to the Ray Charles Foundation, a charity that supports the vision- or hearing-impaired.
What are 3 interesting facts about Ray Charles?
By India Today Web Desk: Legendary American singer-composer Ray Charles was born on September 23 in the year 1930. Charles pioneered the genre of 'soul music' in the 1950s by combining rhythm, blues, jazz and gospels. He died on June 10, 2004 due to acute liver disease.
How much money did Ray Charles give his children?
Charles reportedly left $500,000 to each of his 12 children, and gave the rest of his estimated $75 million estate, and licensing rights to his music, to Ray Charles Enterprises. The foundation absorbed Ray Charles Enterprises after Charles' death.


text:
A Low Power CMOS CORDIC Processor Design for Wireless Telecommunication
Source: Northeastern University
A CORDIC processor for wire telecommunication is integrated in a 0.5ìm CMOS technology. The CORDIC (Coordinate Rotation DIgital Computer) processor reduces the circuit complexity by performing a sequence of elementary rotations using shift and add operations without multiplications. Hard wired-logic eliminates the shifter and includes pre-calculated arctan angle values. The average power consumption is 76mW with 50MHz clock and 5V power supply. The fabricated modulator consumes 24mW at 61.44MHz sampling rate and 5V power supply.


text:
The Metabo Law – Japan – Nathanael Carton
The Japanese government approved a few years ago the "Metabo Law" in order to prevent the risk of a general obesity increase. This law refers to a set of guidelines requiring local governments and employers to conduct mandatory annual examinations and affect people between 40 and 74. If they exceed the maximum waistline measurements (85cm for men, 90cm for women), they are directed towards counselling. The fixed goal is the 25% obesity reduction by 2015.


You can install Communicator Web Access snap-in and Office Communications Server administrative tools from the command prompt by running the file AdminTools.msi.
To install Communicator Web Access snap-in from the command line
 1. Log on to the computer where you want to install Communicator Web Access snap-in as a member of both the local Administrators group and the Domain Admins group.
 2. Click Start, and then click Run.
 3. In the Rundialog box, type cmd, and then click OK.
 4. At the command prompt, navigate to the Setup folder on the Office Communications Server 2007 R2 CD and then press ENTER. For example, if your CD drive is drive F type the following:
 cd f:\setup
 5. Type the following command to install the Communicator Web Access snap-in:
 AdminTools.msi
 If you would like to create a log file for the installation process then add the /lvswitch followed by the file path for the log file. For example, to save a log file as C:\Logs\CWA_Install.txt use the following command:
 AdminTools.msi /lv c:\logs\cwa_install.txt


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King Manor Museum and Park in Jamaica was once the home of Rufus King (_PHONE_), a distinguished lawyer, statesman, and gentleman farmer. The son of a wealthy lumber merchant from Maine, King graduated from Harvard in 1777. He suspended his law studies to serve in the Revolutionary War in 1778. Two years later, King was admitted to the bar in Massachusetts. He served as a member of the Confederation Congress from 1784 to 1787, where he introduced a plan that prevented the spread of slavery into the Northwest Territories. King was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1787, and made his most famous contribution to American history as a framer and signer of the Constitution.
On It's My Park Day, join Centro Hispano for a clean-up of Rufus King Park. Volunteers can assist with raking...
Directions to Rufus King Park
- Rufus King Park Recieves a Makeover
- This Weekend In Parks
- GETTING TO KNOW YOU, GETTING TO KNOW ALL ABOUT YOU
Rufus King Park Weather


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East Tennessee Children's Hospital
2018 Clinch Avenue
Knoxville, TN 37916
United States
_PHONE_ | Get Directions
Definition: Sulfites
Definition: Sulfites
Sulfites
(Sulfitos)
Sulfites are food preservatives that can cause breathing difficulties in some people with asthma. They are considered an "asthma trigger" for people who are susceptible to them because they bring on asthma symptoms such as cough, wheezing, or shortness of breath. Sulfites are used as a preservative in many food products to prevent them from spoiling. Some examples of products that contain sulfites include: wine, beer, dried fruits and vegetables, shrimp, and pickles.


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- WorldShare Record Manager
You can attach a PDF document, to a Local Holding Record (LHR) by using the 856 tag. It could be a useful way of attaching teacher's notes to resources.
- Edit the LHR and create a new field by selecting the + button.
- Enter 856 in the field.
- In the first indicator enter the value of 4.
- In the second indicator enter the value of 0.
- Insert the path of the PDF into the field string as a $u subfield. For example $u _URL_.
- Click Save.
- An access online link will now appear on the item record in Discovery and the PDF file will be available to
- If you want to restrict access to the file, in the subfield enter a link to a secure location on your
network, perhaps within the intranet (set up by your IT Department)
- You can create a public note about the PDF to appear in the holding summary in Discovery. In the local
holding record create another row and in the field enter 876, in the subfield enter $z and details of the note then save
- If you will be adding many items with electronic subsets to your collection you might like to
investigate access to CONTENTdm or creating a knowledge base collection
You may find more information below about:


text:
Agricultural, Aquacultural, and Horticultural Water Use Certifications & Registrations
An Agricultural Water Usage Certification or Agricultural Water Use Registration must be obtained from the County agricultural agent if a person has the capability to divert ground and/or surface water in excess of 100,000* gallons per day for agricultural, aquacultural or horticultural purposes.
An Agricultural Water Use Registration is required for any person with the capability to divert in excess of 100,000* gallons of water per day, but who diverts less than this quantity.
* At the 100,000 gallons per day threshold additional approvals for water diversion may be required by the Delaware River Basin Commission and the New Jersey Pinelands Commission. According to N.J.A.C. 7:38-2.5(c) Agricultural, Aquicultural and Horticultural diversions within the Highlands Preservation Area have a regulatory threshold of 100,000 gallons of water per day based on N.J.A.C. 7:20A. Please refer to the Highlands Water Protection and Planning Act for additional information.
Agricultural Water Use Certifications & Registrations
Certification and Registration Application Progress
Diversion Monitoring and Reporting
Guidance and Information
USGS Resources You May Need


User:Wikitiki89/Classification of Jews
From Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Jews are a race of big-nosed and small-penised people. They are classified as the species Homo judaeus. The Jews, being so diverse of a race, were assigned a set of further classifications (sometimes called breeds).
edit Self-conscious Jew
These are the Jews that are not only constantly worried about their penis and nose sizes but are also extremely self-conscious about other things such as intelligence, strength, looks, women, and marijuana tolerance. These Jews are physically unfit, pussies in difficult situations, and obsessed with their heritage more than they are with their religion. Also, these Jews are often, but not always, vegetarians and/or atheists.
Personal tools


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Only one day before the ICES workshop on fish condition (WKFICON) starts in Girona, we have been informed that Professor Georgiy Shulman passed away on 13 November 2016 at the age of 87.
Dr. Shulman was a renowned marine zoologist specializing in fish ecology and physiology. His well-known investigations have had great significance in the areas of fish adaptations, biodiversity, life history and productivity, and fishery problems. His research was carried out at the Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas in Sevastopol, Ukraine. He was the author of many books and articles that provided an undeniable and substantial contribution to fish condition studies.
We all mourn the loss of an excellent scientist and teacher who inspired us. We hope to continue his work.


Bunny-shaped folded napkins dress up Easter dining tables
 - Fri Apr 2nd, 2010 9:58am
 - Life
We know it's Easter already and you've probably set your table, but here's a last-minute napkin-folding exercise to fluff up your settings. If you need photos to follow, go to _URL_ and search for "napkin folding."
Step 1: Take a solid-colored square napkin, and starch it for optimal workability. Thinner napkins work better.
Step 2: Fold the napkin up in half.
Step 3: Fold up in half again, to form a long rectangle.
Step 4: Fold the right and left sides down to meet in the center, forming a point at one end.
Step 5: Fold the opposite corners up.
Step 7: Gently turn your napkin over.
Step 8: Fold the bottom point up, so that it is roughly 1 inch above the center of the napkin.
Step 9: Carefully, turn the napkin over again.
Step 10: Roll the left side over, slightly past the center of the napkin.
Step 11: Fold the right side over, tucking the end into the pocket you created on the left side, holding your napkin together.
Step 12: Turn the napkin upright, separating the bottom to form a base. Fluff your bunny's ears.
Herald news services


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| < April >
|Normal Max/ High Temperature
|Min/ Low Temperature
|Average Sunlight per day
|Average Daylight per day
|Sunny (Cloudy) Daylight Hours
|Sun altitude at solar noon on the 21st day.
- The average temperature in Brighton, England in April is a little cool at 9 °C (48.2 °F).
- Afternoons can be quite mild with average high temperatures reaching 12 °C (53.6 °F).
- Overnight temperatures are generally cool with an average low of 6 °C (42.8 °F).
- In April the average diurnal temperature variation/ range is 6 °C (10.8 °F).
- The weather in April is slightly dry. Only 54mm (2.1in) of fluid is dumped.
- The skies in Brighton, England are slightly fair having on balance an unexceptional 5:27 of radiant sunshine daily.
- The shortest day is 12:51 long and the longest day is 14:41 long with an average length of 13:47.
- There are approximately 8:06 per day when bright sunshine is absent due to cloud, haze or the sun being too low on the horizon to register.
- It is sunny approximately 40.2% of daylight hours and cloudy 59.8% of daylight hours.
Check the distance to and compare the Brighton, England April averages with somewhere beginning with:
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | All
Weather Trend Graph for April in Brighton, England, Uk
Navigate to April Weather in Locations Surrounding Brighton, England:
- Birmingham, England, Uk - 216.1 kms (134.3 miles) NNW
- Lyneham, Uk - 150.4 kms (93.5 miles) WNW
- London, England, Uk - 73.4 kms (45.6 miles) N
- Cardiff, Wales, Uk - 237.1 kms (147.3 miles) WNW
- London-Gatwick, Uk - 42.9 kms (26.6 miles) N
- Bournemouth-Hurn, Uk - 119.7 kms (74.4 miles) W
- Jersey, Uk - 231.2 kms (143.7 miles) SW
- Caen, France - 183.4 kms (114 miles) S


Colour selection for your garden
Designing your garden is an art. Like any good painting, you must plan it out, with a view to balance, colour and lines. Today, we are going to learn about colour selection for gardeners, using a garden of frangipanis as a case study.
Before you start purchasing plants and dumping them in your garden, you need to settle on a colour scheme. There are a handful of ways to pick a colour scheme that is pleasing to the eye, yet there are easily hundreds of ways to make a colour scheme that is an awful mess.
First, think about how many colours you want. We are going to consider the colours of frangipanis as an example. Frangipanis come in pink, red, orange, yellow and white (as well as combinations of the abovebut this is a topic we will reserve for a future, more advanced lesson). Notice how we have arranged red, orange, yellow and white in order. Pink is an odd case; it is not a colour of the rainbow, rather it is a light, undersaturated red. You may notice white is also not a colour of the rainbow, but it is the colour you get when you combine an entire rainbow together.
Now, you can either pick colours which are next to each other, or you can skip entire sections of the colour wheel. There are many places online where you can actually make a perfect designer colour scheme, but you can also do it on your own.
If you are planting frangipanis, consider how many different colours you want. One colour is boring, so go with two, three or four. Five is too many.
Then, choose colours which are next to each other, such as red and orange; or skip alternative colours, such as by choosing red and yellow.
Translating this in terms of frangipanis, you could plant a pink frangipani, lulus blood for instance, with a white frangipani. Remember, colour selection for gardeners is about rules, not unfettered creativity.


C# Sharp Exercises: Display the pattern like right angle triangle which repeat a number in a row - w3resource
w3resource
C# Sharp Programming Exercises
C# Sharp Exercises: Display the pattern like right angle triangle which repeat a number in a row
C# Sharp For Loop: Exercise-11 with Solution
Write a program in C# Sharp to make such a pattern like right angle triangle with a number which will repeat a number in a row.
The pattern is as follows:
1
22
333
4444
Pictorial Presentation:
C# Sharp Exercises: Display the pattern like right angle triangle which repeat a number in a row
Sample Solution:-
C# Sharp Code:
using System;
public class Exercise11
{
 public static void Main()
{
 int i,j,rows;

 Console.Write("\n\n");
 Console.Write("Display the pattern like right angle triangle which repeat a number in a row:\n");
 Console.Write("-------------------------------------------------------------------------------");
 Console.Write("\n\n");
 Console.Write("Input number of rows : ");
 rows= Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
 for(i=1;i<=rows;i++)
 {
 for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
 Console.Write("{0}",i);
 Console.Write("\n");
 }
}
}
Sample Output:
Display the pattern like right angle triangle which repeat a number in a row:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Input number of rows : 7
1
22
333
4444
55555
666666
_PHONE_
Flowchart:
Flowchart: Display the pattern like right angle triangle which repeat a number in a line
C# Sharp Code Editor:
Contribute your code and comments through Disqus.
Previous: Write a program in C# Sharp to display the pattern like right angle triangle with a number.
Next: Write a program in C# Sharp to make such a pattern like right angle triangle with number increased by 1.
What is the difficulty level of this exercise?
New Content: Composer: Dependency manager for PHP, R Programming


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Preserving and protecting the dynamics of future pedestrian space?
abstract · Forming a physical Ring of Steel, bollards are traditionally considered essential to secure and define the public space around St. Paul's and One New Change shopping centre. With a reduction in their use and a change to increased pedestrian space, urban design can move, without loss in safety, towards effective shared spaces in the future City of London.
A chapter in More than One New Change by Theo Jones
MORE THAN ONE NEW CHANGE
An architectural edited book of five chapters exploring protected space / urban conflict in St. Paul's and Cheapside, London. The book was kept in a tear open protective sleeve.


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Noel Semple has recently released a paper contributing to the ongoing discussion surrounding the cost of civil justice in Canada. He draws attention to the financially burdensome nature of civil justice claims, as well as temporal and psychological costs involved with legal disputes. His thorough investigation of the issue draws on the National Self Represented Litigants Project for quantitative information about the true costs of accessing civil justice. The paper is available on SSRN.
While much of the literature surrounding innovation emphasizes the importance of creativity and spontaneity, this article from McKinsey Quarterly reminds innovators that discipline and constraint have an important role to play in the process as well. The article suggests that "simple rules" can guide and structure innovation without hampering its generative qualities.
A group of 11 Toronto family lawyers are petitioning the Law Society to lift its contingency fee prohibition. They argue that the current regulatory framework poses a disadvantage to parties with access to fewer resources. The lawyers also point out that the high number of self-represented litigants in the family justice system warrants a change to current billing structures.
To read more about the petition, see this Toronto Star article.


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n Journal of Public Administration - A review of South Africa's national electrification programme : the Buffalo City Municipality platform
|Article Title||A review of South Africa's national electrification programme : the Buffalo City Municipality platform|
|© Publisher:||South African Association of Public Administration and Management (SAAPAM)|
|Journal||Journal of Public Administration|
|Affiliations||1 University of Fort Hare and 2 University of Fort Hare|
|Publication Date||Mar 2014|
|Pages||32 - 48|
The South Africa's National electrification programme was endorsed in 1994 (through the Reconstruction and Development Programme, RDP) to amongst other objectives address the electrification backlog in the Country. This paper focuses on the extent and impact of the National Electrification Programme in selected areas in Buffalo City Municipality, in Eastern Cape from 1994 to date. Progress of the programme is assessed in the light of achieving universal access to electricity by 2015. The paper further investigates the electrification impact in the context of other national electrification objectives of poverty alleviation and social upliftment. Recommendations are made towards achieving universal access of electricity in the Municipality and using electrification to stimulate a wide range of income generating activities to the indigent/poor households.
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this already long post at least somewhat palatable, I will show only two. Specifically, I want to explain self-subsumption (or self-subsuming resolution) and (bounded) variable elimination (BVE), but to explain them, I first have to explain resolution and subsumption.
Let's start with subsumption. Given 2 clauses, A and B, A subsumes B, \(A \subseteq B\), iff every literal from A is also present in B. What this means practically is that A is more restrictive in regards to satisfiability than B, and thus B can be thrown away.
Resolution is an inference rule that, given a set of existing clauses, allows us to create new clauses that do not change the satisfiability of the whole set of clauses because it is satisfied when its precursors are also satisfied. This is done by taking a pair of clauses that contain complementary literals, removing these complementary literals and splicing the rest of the clauses together. Complementary literals are literals where one of them is a negation of the other, e.g. \(x_{1}\) and \(\neg x_{1}\) are complimentary, while \(x_{1}\) and \(\neg x_{2}\) or \(x_{1}\) and \(x_{1}\) are not, because in the first pair the variables do not match and in the second pair, both literals have the same polarity.
This sounds complex, but it really is not. Here is a simple example, where the two clauses above the line are originals, and the clause below the line is the result of resolving them together:
\frac{x_1 \vee \neg x_2, \neg x_1 \vee x_3}{\neg x_2 \vee x_3}
A good way of thinking about how resolution works (and why it is correct) is to think through both of the possible assignments of variable \(x_1\). First, let us consider the case of \(x_1 = true\). In this case, the first original clause is satisfied, and the only way to satisfy the second clause is to assign \(x_3 = true\). This assignment means that the resolvent clause is also satisfied. The second option is to assign \(x_1 = false\). This satisfies the second clause, and to satisfy the first one as well, we need to assign \(x_2 = false\). This assignment also means that the resolvent clause is satisfied.
With this knowledge in hand, we can look at self-subsumption. Given 2 clauses, A and B, and their resolvent R, A is self-subsumed by B iff \( R \subseteq A \) (A is subsumed by R). This means that we can replace A with R, in effect shortening A by one literal.
As an example, take \((x_1 \vee x_2 \vee \neg x_3)\) as clause A and \((\neg x_1 \vee \neg x_3 )\) as clause B. The resolvent of these two clauses is \((x_2 \vee \neg x_3)\), which subsumes A. This means that A is self-subsumed by B.
(Bounded) variable elimination (BVE) is also simple. If we want to remove a specific variable x from a set of clauses, all we have to do is split all clauses containing that particular variable into two groups, one with all clauses where the variable's literal has positive polarity, and one with all clauses where the variable's literal has negative polarity. If we then resolve each clause from the first group with each clause from the second group, we get a (potentially large) set of resolvents without x. If we then replace the original clauses with the resolvents, we removed x from the original set of clauses, without changing the satisfiability of the set as a whole.
Unlike self-subsumption, which will always simplify the SAT instance, variable elimination might make it harder. The reason is that it trades a variable for clauses, which might be beneficial, but does not have to be. This leads to the idea of bounded variable elimination, where a variable is only eliminated if the resulting number of clauses is bounded in some way, e.g. in the total number of added clauses[22], or the size of resulting clauses.
That's it for part 3, but not for this series, because I still have at least two more posts planned, one of which will again be theoretical.
 1. Simple explanation of the MaxSAT problem is that you have to find how many clauses in an unsatisfiable SAT problem can be satisfied. ↩
 2. Determinizing a local-search algorithm has proven that the upper-bound on algorithmic complexity of solving a generic CNF-SAT with n variables and m clauses is \[\mathcal{O}\left(2^{n\left(1 - \frac{1}{\ln{\frac{m}{n}} + \mathcal{O}\ln{\ln{m}}}\right)}\right)\] You can improve this significantly if you limit yourself to 3-SAT (SAT where every clause consists of exactly 3 literals), to just \(\mathcal{O}(1.473^{n})\). ↩
 3. At least conceptually. Implementing DPLL/CDCL in a performant manner can be quite complex. ↩
 4. All literals of such variable become positive if any of them becomes positive. Therefore, all clauses containing that variable can be trivially satisfied and thus removed. ↩
 5. In other words, we have reached the state of the art in the 1960s. ↩
 6. This part is very hand-wavy because the exact details of conflict analysis are complex and beyond the scope of this post. ↩
 7. The largest problem we've had a SAT solver successfully solve contained ~300M variables and almost 1 billion clauses. Using MiniSat and our know-how, it took 15 minutes to solve it. ↩
 8. The (z)Chaff solver was a significant upgrade on the capabilities and performance of SAT solvers, and is often considered as the first CDCL SAT solver with "modern" performance. It also pioneered at least 2 techniques that are still used with only minor modifications, (2-)Watched Literals and VSIDS heuristic. ↩
 9. This is because a single cache-line can hold these summaries for 8 clauses, as opposed to \( \leq 2 \) clauses. ↩
 10. The specific improvement depends on the problem, but for most problems, CDCL can deal with an order (or two) of magnitude more variables than plain DPLL. ↩
 11. Given the underlying learning mechanisms, LBD score of 2 is the lowest, and thus the best, that can be achieved when ranking a learnt clause. ↩
 12. If the conflict resolution and clause learning are done in a specific way, the learnt clause can be guaranteed to always have only one variable from the lower decision level. ↩
 13. As long as we assume that the random number generation is independent for each clause. ↩
 14. Said Jabbour, Jerry Lonlac, Lakhdar Sais and Yakoub Salhi, Revisiting the Learned Clauses Database Reduction Strategies, CoRR, 2014 ↩
 15. In fact, variants of the VSIDS heuristic function might still be the dominant heuristic. Recently there has been a paper on using the current understanding of SAT problem structure to design a new heuristic function, and the result was very promising, as the new heuristic dominated VSIDS when implemented in MiniSat. However, I have not kept up with it so it might not have panned out. ↩
 16. In practice, VSIDS updates are not as expensive as they would appear, because we can get the same results if we, instead of decaying the counters of all variables, keep multiplying \(c_{add}\) by \(1 \over{c_{decay}}\). In a sufficiently large problem, this approach will eventually lead to an overflow, but that can be also solved by periodically renormalizing the counters and \(c_{add}\). ↩
 17. There is a reason why naming things is one of the three "two hard things in CS". ↩
 18. The exact definition of learning rate (LR) of a variable is intentionally left ambiguous. The very rough answer is that it is the ratio of learnt clauses that contained a given variable to the total number of clauses learnt when that variable was set. ↩
 19. General version of this idea is called phase saving and is surprisingly powerful. The motivation behind it is that if a variable was given specific assignment via BCP, then there is likely a good reason for that assignment and thus it should be reused. ↩
 20. Strictly speaking, this is not actually true. Glucose 2.1 uses \(K = 0.8\) because it multiplies the average LBD of the last X clauses by K. I think multiplying the average LBD of all clauses is more intuitive and \(K =


text:
Exercise 1: Write a complete program to read a string of characters from the standard input and insert them in the stack. Print the size of the stack when you are done after the stack is filled out. Then, print out to the screen all the vowels in reverse order.
Use classes and functions to do the above program.
Exercise 2: Write a program that takes marks of 10 students and store them in the stack then take out these from the stack and print the average of all the marks of 10 students.
Hint : make sure that every time you do a push operation you should check if the stack is not full and in pop operation you should check if the stack is not empty.