text:
An important feature added in Adobe AIR 1.5 is support for an encrypted local database. Previously, AIR applications could use a local database, but the database files are readable by any application, making them inappropriate for any use in which security is a concern. On the other hand, AIR has always supported an encrypted local store (that is, an encrypted text file), but that option provides none of the handy database functionality. As of AIR 1.5, your AIR applications can have the best of both worlds, by storing data in an encrypted database.
In this article, I'll start by highlighting the key points and minor differences of working with encrypted databases in an Adobe AIR application, versus working with unencrypted databases. From there, I'll get into the more important subject of using an encrypted database in the most secure method possible.
Creating and Using an Encrypted Database
Before getting into the code, you need to understand two things:
- As with any system that uses encryption, the same encryption key must always be used.
- Although you can later change a database's encryption key, you cannot retroactively encrypt an unencrypted database (or unencrypt an encrypted one, for that matter). In other words, the database must initially be created in an encrypted format.
Creating an encrypted database starts with a File object that represents the database file on the computer, and an SQLConnection object through which all queries will be executed:
var db = air.File.applicationStorageDirectory.resolvePath('example.db'); var conn = new air.SQLConnection();
Next, you establish the error and open-connection handlers; then, open the connection using open() or openAsync(), with the latter generally preferred.
To create the database, provide the mode SQLMode.CREATE as the second argument to either method:
conn.open(db, SQLMode.CREATE); conn.openAsync(db, SQLMode.CREATE);
That code works for unencrypted databases, but for encrypted ones you need to add the encryption key as the fifth argument to open() or the sixth to openAsync():
conn.open(db, SQLMode.CREATE, false, 1024, key); conn.openAsync(db, SQLMode.CREATE, null, false, 1024, key);
The key in that code is the important addition for an encrypted database. The encryption key must be a ByteArray object that's 16 bytes in length (it's therefore a 128-bit key). To create that object, you can do this:
var key = new ByteArray(); key.writeUTFBytes('ActualPassword16');
First, an empty ByteArray object is created, and 16 bytes of data are written to it. Note that the length of the provided string—ActualPassword16—is 16 characters long, each of those characters requiring one byte.
Once the database connection has been opened with the associated key, you would run a CREATE table SQL command on the database, and then insert records as needed. Subsequent uses of the same database merely need to use the same key but open the database using either SQLMode.READ or SQLMode.UPDATE, depending on what actions will later be taken. Attempts to connect to an encrypted database with an incorrect key will trigger an SQLError or SQLErrorEvent with an errorID of 3138. The generic error message will be File opened is not a database file (it actually is a database file—it just can't be decrypted).
This approach (hard-coding the key into the application) will work, but doesn't provide much security. There are two problems with this approach:
- The source code of an AIR application is viewable on the user's computer. With a little bit of effort, a malicious user could find the encryption key and then be able to unlock the database.
- Even if no one knew how to pick through the application's source code, anyone able to run the application—in other words, anyone with access to the computer—will effectively have access to the database as if it were not encrypted in the first place.


text:
Siebel Business Process Designer Administration Guide > For Developers: Understanding How Workflow Processes Are Designed > Building Long-Running Workflow Processes >
Assigning Subprocesses to End Users to Create Collaborative Long-Running Workflows
Using the subprocess step, you can configure workflows that assign interactive subprocess workflows to end users to create collaborative workflow processes. An example of a collaborative workflow is one that includes a requirement for approvals; the route the workflow takes as tasks is a route across multiple users.
Use the Step Recipient field on a subprocess step to create collaborative workflows. Assignment occurs based on the login name, not on the Position or User ID. This login name may be a literal value, it may be held in a process property or a buscomp field, or it may be the result of an expression.
NOTE: The Process Designer cannot validate the data supplied to make sure that it represents a valid login name at design time.
To assign subprocesses to end users
- Create a subprocess step.
- Right-click the subprocess step and choose Show Recipients.
- In the WF Step Recipients applet, set the Recipient Name field to the login name of the assignee (the end user who will be assigned the subprocess).

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
In order to render mine water a whole lot less toxic, the key could be letting a fungus bloom. Some fungi produce a superoxide when they grow, which is instrumental in cleaning up polluting metals. This superoxide reacts with locally available Magnesium(II), and is oxidized to Mn(III) or Mn(IV), which in turn suck up the likes of arsenic, cadmium, and cobalt.
This reaction isn't news, but what is is how and when it takes place. Up until now, mines would often try and cause this reaction to happen more by dumping foods for the fungus, like straw, and hoping that would stimulate the reaction. A new study in PNAS has shown what really causes the reaction to occur, and it's all about breeding.
Stilbella aciculosa only produces the superoxide during cell differentiation, when it forms asexual reproductive structures. In other words, when it's making spores. It uses the superoxide as a cellular signal to moderate differentiation, its love affair with Mn(II) is potentially just a (good for us) side effect.
So if it's during blooming that the superoxide is created, how do we get the fungus to do that more often? Unfortunately, that's a very good question that we don't really know the answer to. But now we're a step closer along the way.
Photo courtesy of Colleen Hansel

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


内容过滤器，满足广泛的应用需求和场景。
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ShinChven _EMAIL_ _URL_
<![CDATA[Turning Off Azure OpenAI Service's Content Filters in the New Azure AI Studio]]> _URL_ 2023-11-18T22:50:08.000Z Content Filters
Introduction
Historically, Azure OpenAI Studio, the dedicated web console for managing Azure OpenAI Service resources, posed a significant limitation: it did not permit users to fully disable content filters. This restriction often hampered those needing finer control over their AI interactions.
Recently, Microsoft has taken a transformative step by introducing Azure AI Studio. This unified web console for managing all AI resources on Azure breaks the mold by allowing users not just to modify but also to completely turn off the content filters in Azure OpenAI Service, heralding a new era of flexibility and customization in AI resource management.
Guide to Managing Azure OpenAI Service Resources in Azure AI Studio
 1. Access Azure AI Studio: Log in to Azure AI Studio. This platform offers enhanced functionalities compared to the older Azure OpenAI Studio.
 2. Initiate a New Azure AI Studio Project:
 - Navigate to the Build tab within the Azure AI Studio interface.
 - Start creating a new project specifically tailored for managing your Azure OpenAI Service resource.
 3. Set Up Your Azure AI Resource:
 - Create an Azure AI Resource: Begin by establishing a new Azure AI Resource within your project.
 - Select Existing Resource Group: Choose the existing resource group relevant to your project, along with the appropriate location. (For the billing)
 - Bind the Existing Azure OpenAI Service Resource: Click on 'Show Advanced Options'. Here, you can link your existing Azure OpenAI Service resource by selecting it in the 'AI Service Provider' field.
Note: The project creation process may take some time. Patience is advised during this setup phase.
Modifying Content Filters
 - Once your project is active, proceed to the 'Content Filters' section.
 - You will find options to adjust or completely disable content filters for your OpenAI Service. This newfound control is a stark contrast to the limitations in the previous Azure OpenAI Studio.
Conclusion
With Azure AI Studio, managing Azure OpenAI Service resources has become more intuitive and flexible. Users now have the unprecedented capability to fine-tune or entirely remove content filters, addressing a wide range of application needs and scenarios.
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ShinChven _EMAIL_ _URL_
<![CDATA[Solving the "Too Many Redirects" Error with Cloudflare and Certbot]]> _URL_ 2023-11-16T16:59:06.000Z Introduction
Recently, I purchased a new domain through Cloudflare and set up DNS to point to an app on my server. However, when I tried to access the domain, I was met with a "too many redirects" error.
Understanding the Issue
After some troubleshooting, I discovered the root cause of the problem.
By default, Cloudflare's DNS SSL/TLS encryption mode is set to Flexible. However, I had already installed SSL certificates on my server using certbot. This discrepancy led to an issue where both my server and Cloudflare were attempting to redirect HTTP traffic to HTTPS, resulting in a redirect loop.
The Solution
To resolve this, I navigated to Cloudflare's SSL/TLS settings and switched the encryption mode from Flexible to Full. This immediately rectified the problem. It's worth noting that the other options Full (Strict) and Off, along with the default Flexible, were not suitable for my setup.
Steps to Configure SSL/TLS on Cloudflare
Here are the steps to adjust your SSL/TLS settings on Cloudflare:
 1. Log in to your Cloudflare account.
 2. Navigate to the domain experiencing issues.
 3. Click on the SSL/TLS tab.
 4. In the Overview section, you'll find the SSL/TLS encryption mode. Select Full.
By setting the SSL/TLS encryption mode to Full, you're telling Cloudflare to connect to your origin server using HTTPS because it expects your server to have an SSL certificate.
Understanding Cloudflare's SSL/TLS Encryption Modes
Cloudflare offers four SSL/TLS encryption modes, each serving a different purpose based on your server's configuration and your specific needs. Here's what each option does:
 1. Off: When this mode is selected, no SSL is applied to your traffic, and all connections are served over HTTP. This is not recommended for most sites, especially those handling sensitive data, as it does not provide any encryption or security.
 2. Flexible: In this mode, traffic between your site's visitors and Cloudflare is secured, but traffic between Cloudflare and your server is not. This means that data is not encrypted for the entire journey and could be exposed if your server is compromised. This option is generally used when the server doesn't have an SSL certificate installed.
 3. Full: This mode secures traffic between both your site's visitors and Cloudflare, and between Cloudflare and your server. However, it doesn't verify the certificate on your server, meaning it will accept any SSL certificate, even if it's expired or issued by an unrecognized certificate authority. This is a good option if you have an SSL certificate on your server but it's not from a recognized authority.
 4. Full (Strict): This is the most secure option. It works similarly to the "Full" mode but also verifies the certificate on your server. This means that the SSL certificate on your server must be valid and issued by a recognized certificate authority. This option provides the highest level of security and is recommended if your server is equipped with a valid SSL certificate.
When using Cloudflare with a server configured for HTTPS (for example, when you've deployed certificates on your server using Certbot), it's advisable to use either the "Full" or "Full (Strict)" mode. This ensures that the traffic is encrypted throughout its entire journey, from the visitor's browser to your server, providing a secure and smooth browsing experience for your users.
Conclusion
In this article, we've seen how to solve the too many redirects error when using Cloudflare with Certbot. We've also seen how to configure SSL/TLS encryption modes on Cloudflare.
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ShinChven _EMAIL_ _URL_


text:
This paper studies the pricing of intensity-based defaultable bonds where the volatility of default intensity is assumed to be random and driven by two different factors varying on fast and slow time scales. Corrections to the constant intensity of default are obtained and then how these corrections influence the term structure of interest rate derivatives is shown. The results indicate that the fast scale correction produces a more significant impact on the bond price than the slow scale correction and the impact tends to increase as time to maturity increases.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Applied Mathematics


I have a content-type, that can be structured like this:
 - content-type A
 - title
 - summary
 - part one title
 - image
 - text
 - part two title
 - image
 - image
 - image
 - text
 - image
 - part three title
 - text
 - image
 - text
I have no control about the position and the amount of elements that can occur. I just have the types, like heading, text, image. Actually i have only fields or rather field-groups.
How can i give the editors the possibilty to move these fields or field groups inside the content type so they can determine the position? Is there something like nodequeue for fields?
Or should i alternatively cut the content-type to smaller pieces and organize it with nodequeue? I haven't worked with nodequeue before, is it possible to give a queue a menu-entry for example?
edit: Just before i asked my question i was watching a tutorial of Display Suite and if i understood correctly i can change the layout of a content-type globally. I'm looking for a solution that gives more control over each "article" created with a content-type. Maybe i was unprecise in my question...?
If I get your question right you want both the number of parts, the combination within the parts and order within the parts to be different. This may be a little difficult to implement but definitely doable.
I am assuming that you are going to have only title, text and image type in each of these parts.
Using fieldset module create three field collections name weighted title(containing textfield with cardinality as one and weight[integer value with cardinality as one]), weighted image(image field and weight field) and weighted text(containing a text field and weight field)
Now create a field set named type, add weighted title, weighted image and weighted text as the fields in this fieldset. Make sure that you keep the cardinality of these fields as infinity. To make sure that it is not confusing, we will need to remove the drag and drop option withing the type fieldset.
The UI needs to be worked on to make it more intuitive. Without these enhancements to implement
part two title
image image image text image
We will have to do it as
Solution : title 1 image 2
image 3 image 4 image 6 text 4
and for
part three title
text image text
Solution : title 1 text 2 text 4 image 3
Hope you are not lost :P
If I get it right, you would like to let users set the position of the field-groups when they edit a node.
If that is what you want, then I would add a "position" field to every field group (hide it on the node display, but make it visible on the node edit page).
Then you can use the value of the "position" field in template files (node.tpl.php) to add classes to the field-groups for example. Then use these classes in CSS to position the field-groups.
 - Interesting approach, though not too easy to maintain. Imagine there are 8 parts in a node and now we need to add one between 2 and 3. That would mean to change the position value of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8. – Volker Nov 30 '12 at 16:30
This sounds like a problem better solved by multiple content types with role and/or user specific permissions. You can easily group content of various types with views, nodequeues, or taxonomy to name a few - any of which can of course be assigned to a menu item.
Otherwise, your best bet if you choose to stick with this is to use Panels as nodes, let editors create panels on the fly, arrange them how they want in predefined layouts, etc - but this is likely a training and maintenance nightmare.
With Panelizer you can can allow users to customize the position of a nodes fields and other content. The settings are specific for a node.
You can also setup one or more default variants with fields and other content (blocks etc) placed in regions. Users can then choose one of your default variants to be used for their node.
You can setup what content a user should be able to place in a node.
I recently found the Paragraphs module, which is another great way of accomplishing the tasks of my original question. It's like creating mini-content-types that you can add and move around. Fancy.
Your Answer


text:
Bottom drain gravity fed filter and pump
A pond with a bottom drain or gravity fed filter system must be designed at the outset to use this method and have a bottom drain installed. They are more complicated to install but worth it if you have something like a large koi pond. The basic principle is that the water leaves the pond via a bottom drain at the bottom of the pond (hence the name bottom drain?) which leads downwards underground and then up to a filter where the water is filtered before returning to the pond via a pump at the end of the filter area.
Having said this although that is the basic principle it actually works the other way round, i.e. the pump pumps water from the filter area back into the pond which intern causes the water to be pulled through the bottom drain so the levels on both pools of water remain level. This is why these need to be carefully constructed so that this flow process works correctly.
Constructing a gravity fed bottom drain pond filtration system
The theory is fairly simple really you basically have two areas of water, the pond and the filter whose water levels need be parallel. You then have a pipe from the ponds bottom drain sloping downwards underneath the filter, then up and into the top of the filter.
When water is removed from the filter into the pond via the pump, rather than the water level in the filter going down, and the pond water level going up, the water levels will actually naturally level themselves via the bottom drain system (well it will if it is constructed correctly :-).

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
A step-by-step guide to Sweet Cherry audiobooks
1. Download a free QR code reader to your smart phone or tablet by searching on your device's app store.
2. Scan the code on your book with your smart phone or tablet.
3. Listen! Once the webpage has loaded, press play to hear the story. You can listen to it whenever you are connected to the internet.
4. Keep the audio readings on your phone or tablet forever by downloading them, then you can listen to them without an internet connection. Just click on the download button on the website.


Scilab Website | Contribute with GitLab | Mailing list archives | ATOMS toolboxes
Scilab Online Help
5.3.1 - English
Change language to:
Français - 日本語 - Português
Please note that the recommended version of Scilab is 2023.1.0. This page might be outdated.
See the recommended documentation of this function
Scilab help >> Compatibility Functions > mtlb_colordef
mtlb_colordef
Matlab colordef emulation function
Description
There is no Scilab equivalent function for Matlab colordef but there are equivalent instructions.
The function h = mtlb_colordef(color_option) or h = mtlb_colordef(fig,color_option) is used by mfile2sci to replace colordef(color_option) or colordef(fig,color_option) when it was not possible to know what were the inputs while porting Matlab code to Scilab. This function will determine the correct semantic at run time. If you want to have a more efficient code it is possible to replace mtlb_colordef calls:
 - When called with one input parameter, if color_option is equal to "black" or "none" mtlb_colordef(color_option) may be replaced by fig = gcf();fig.background = -1;
 - When called with one input parameter, if color_option is equal to "white" mtlb_colordef(color_option) may be replaced by fig = gcf();fig.background = -2;
 - When called with two input parameters, if fig is a graphic handle and color_option is equal to "black" or "none" mtlb_colordef(color_option) may be replaced by fig.background = -1;
 - When called with two input parameters, if fig is a graphic handle and color_option is equal to "white" mtlb_colordef(color_option) may be replaced by fig.background = -2;
 - When called with two input parameters, if fig is equal to "new" and color_option is equal to "black" or "none" mtlb_colordef(color_option) may be replaced by fig = scf(max(winsid())+1);fig.background = -1;
 - When called with two input parameters, if fig is equal to "new" and color_option is equal to "white" mtlb_colordef(color_option) may be replaced by fig = scf(max(winsid())+1);fig.background = -2;
 - When called with one output parameter h, just add h = fig; after equivalent instructions.
Caution: mtlb_colordef has not to be used for hand coded functions.
See Also
Authors
 - V.C.
<< mtlb_close Compatibility Functions mtlb_conv >>
Copyright (c) 2022-2023 (Dassault Systèmes)
Copyright (c) 2017-2022 (ESI Group)
Copyright (c) 2011-2017 (Scilab Enterprises)
Copyright (c) _PHONE_ (INRIA)
Copyright (c) _PHONE_ (ENPC)
with contributors
Last updated:
Thu Mar 03 10:59:47 CET 2011


text:
- Publication no: ABC-CAS001-11
- Published: 31 October 2011
A 350m long bridge has been constructed over the Hunter River near East Maitland as part of Third Hunter River Crossing Project. The bridge consists of 12 spans of Super-T girders with central spans of 30m. The bridge is located in an area that is prone to major flooding and severe erosion conditions. The bridge has been designed and constructed to accommodate the geomorphology of the river which includes an actively eroding 7m high river bank and significant scour around piles. This paper describes the investigations, concept development, detailed design and construction methodology with a particular focus on aspects relating to flood design requirements.


Hoap Humanoid Hoap Humanoid - 1 year ago 88
R Question
Representing numbers as 8-bit objects
I have a big multidimensional array and I want it to occupy as little memory as possible. In python, this occupies 66 Mb.
m = np.zeros([1000, 70, 1, 1000], dtype='bool')
size = sys.getsizeof(m)/1024/1024
print("Size: %s MB" % size)
However, in R, the same array occupies 4 times more memory (267Mb).
m <- array(FALSE, dim = c(1000, 70, 1, 1000))
format(object.size(m), units = "auto")
Any idea on how to reduce the array size in R?
EDIT:
This array will be used as the X input in an external API. This function takes as argument an array or an internal iterator called
mx.io.arrayiter
.
Answer Source
Your assertion that these arrays are the same is clearly wrong. If they were the same arrays, then you would need the same memory allocation in R than in any other language.
From the help for ?as.integer:
Note that current implementations of R use 32-bit integers for integer vectors
So clearly the 4x memory usage is because you are using 32-bit objects in R, whereas you are using 8-bit objects in Python.
To use 8-bit objects in R, you can use raw vectors. From the help for ?as.raw:
The raw type is intended to hold raw bytes
Try this:
m3 <- array(raw(0), dim = c(1000, 70, 1, 1000))
format(object.size(m3), units = "auto")
[1] "66.8 Mb"
This is identical to the value you report that Python uses.


287,298 Pages
Question book-new.svg
Aspirant is a military rank in the Canadian Navy, Estonian Defence Forces, French military, Brazilian military, Italian Air Force, Romanian Navy and Polish Policja.
Canadian Navy[edit | edit source]
Similar to the French usage, the Canadian Navy uses the French-language rank of "Aspirant de marine" (AspM) to denote a junior officer under training. The same rank in the English language is referred to as "Naval Cadet" (NCdt). An aspirant de marine does not hold the Queen's commission and must either acquire a university degree or complete his first trades qualification to earn promotion.
Estonian Defence Forces[edit | edit source]
Junior Sergeant conscriptees having passed the Reserve Platoon Commander Course get ranked Aspirants meaning they will be given officer ranks(Ensign or Junior Liutenant) in case of mobilisation and war. Some Aspirants also get promoted during reserve war games.
French Army[edit | edit source]
An Officer Designate rank, it is used in the Armée de Terre (Army), the Armée de l'Air (Air Force), the Marine Nationale (Navy) and the Gendarmerie Nationale. Technically it is not a commissioned rank but it is still treated in all respects as one. Aspirants are either officers in training in military academies or voluntaries, serving as temporary officers. The aspirant must have been previously élève officier (Officer Cadet). He can afterwards be commissioned as a sous-lieutenant or enseigne de vaisseau de deuxième classe. His insignia is a single curl of gold lace, disrupted by "flashes" of wool. It was widely used during both World Wars for providing young educated people with an officer's authority.
Portuguese Armed Forces[edit | edit source]
Aspirante-a-oficial is the first rank in the officer corps, coming below Alferes in the army and air force and Guarda-Marinha (Naval School graduates) or Sub-tenente (temporary officers graduated from civilian universities) in the navy.
Romanian Navy[edit | edit source]
In the Romanian Navy, Aspirant is the lowest commissioned rank, equivalent to the rank of Ensign.
Norway[edit | edit source]
In Norway, the "Aspirant Course" is a three-year trainee programme for students intending to work for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, i.e. prospective diplomats.
Other uses[edit | edit source]
An aspirant is also a title for doctoral education candidates in the post-Soviet states. This educational step leads to a scientific degree called kandidat nauk.
The term is also used in reference to religious vocations as one who is discerning the religious life.
See also[edit | edit source]


How Much Does It Cost To Patch a Tire?
When driving, unexpected situations such as a flat tire can quickly become a hassle. Whether it is due to running over a sharp object or driving on rough terrain, having to deal with a punctured tire can be inconvenient and potentially dangerous. The most common solution is to have the tire patched. Many drivers wonder: How Much Does It Cost To Patch a Tire?
How Much Does It Cost To Patch a Tire Yourself?
Patching a tire can be a cost-effective alternative to a professional repair shop. The average cost of patching a tire at home can range from $5 to $20, depending on the patch kit you purchase. Basic patch kits typically include everything you need, such as patches, cement, and tools for installation.
How Much Does It Cost To Patch a Tire?
Investing in a good quality patch kit and following proper instructions can save money in the long run.
Before patching your tire, it is important to consider certain factors.
 - The severity and location of the puncture play a significant role in determining whether self-patching is feasible.
 - Complex or large punctures may require masterful expertise or even tire replacement.
 - Basic knowledge about tires and repair techniques is essential for successful self-patching.
How Much Does It Cost for a Shop To Patch Your Tire?
The good news is that patching a tire is often significantly cheaper than buying a brand-new one. On average, the cost for a shop to patch your tire ranges from $20 to $40 per tire. Remember that this estimate might not include additional fees such as taxes and labor charges.
How Do You Know if You Can Patch the Tire?
The size and location of the puncture play a significant role. If the hole is less than 1/4 inch in diameter and is located on the tread area (the part that comes into contact with the road), chances are it can be patched successfully.
The tire's condition is worn-out or damaged and may not be suitable for patching as it could compromise its integrity and safety. If bulges or sidewall damage are present, patching may not be recommended.
It's important to remember that patches are only meant to provide temporary repairs and should never replace regular tire maintenance or expert inspection.
Why Do Tires Go Flat?
Punctures from nails, screws, or other sharp road objects make tires flat. When these objects pierce through the tire's rubber surface, they create a small hole that allows air to escape gradually. Tires can also go flat due to damage caused by hitting potholes or curbs too forcefully.
How Much Does It Cost To Patch a Tire?
The impact can cause the tire to crack or lose its seal with the rim, leading to air leakage. Slow air loss over time causes the tire to be flat. All tires experience natural air pressure loss due to permeation through their rubber material.
How To Avoid Getting Flat Tires?
Getting a flat tire is an inconvenience that can happen to anyone any time. Following a few simple steps can greatly reduce the chances of experiencing this frustrating situation.
Regular maintenance is key. Check your tire load at least once a month and ensure it matches the manufacturer's recommended level. Under-inflated or over-inflated tires are more prone to damage and punctures.
Inspect them regularly for signs of wear and tear, such as cracks, bulges, or uneven tread wear patterns. If you notice any abnormalities, it may be time for new tires or repairs from a fine.
Avoiding potholes and other obstacles on the road whenever possible can go a long way in preventing flats.
How To Patch a Tire
1. Find the Leak
Patching a tire is identifying where the leak is coming from. Begin by visually inspecting the tire for any obvious punctures. If nothing stands out, spray a spray bottle with soapy water and spray it onto the tire's surface while it's inflated. Look closely for any bubbling spots indicating air escaping through tiny holes.
Once you've located the source of leakage, mark it with chalk or tape to ensure you don't lose track of its position while working on the repair.
2. Remove the Tire
Removing it from the vehicle is the first step. You can easily tackle it with some guidance and a few essential tools. Here are four simple steps to help you remove your tire safely and efficiently.
 - Ensure your vehicle is parked on a flat surface and engage the parking brake for added safety.
 - Use a lug or socket wrench to loosen the lug nuts on the tire you wish to patch—remember, lefty loosey!
 - Once the lug nuts are loosened, locate your vehicle's jack points using its manual.
 - Position the jack underneath one of these points to lift your vehicle until the tire is off the ground.
3. Remove the Valve Stem and Object
To start, locate the valve stem on your tire, usually near the edge of the rim. Using a valve stem removal tool or pliers, unscrew it counterclockwise until it comes off completely. Be careful not to lose the small rubber washer between the stem and rim.
After removing the valve stem, inspect your tire for any screws or other sharp objects lodged in its surface. If you find an object sticking out of your tire, do not pull it out forcefully, as this may cause further harm. Grab a pair of pliers or needle-nose grips and gently pull out the object straight from where it entered.
4. Separate the Tire and Wheel
This process allows easy access to locate and repair leaks or punctures. To begin, elevate the vehicle using a jack and ensure it is secure before proceeding. Once lifted, use a lug wrench to loosen and remove the lug nuts, carefully removing the wheel.
How Much Does It Cost To Patch a Tire?
After removing the wheel, inspect both sides of the tire thoroughly for any foreign objects that may have caused a puncture. Identifying these items is essential as they can cause further destruction if left unattended.
Deflate the tire completely by removing its cap and pressing down on its center pin with a small tool or your fingernail until all air escapes. To aid in separating the tire and wheel further, apply some soapy water around its edges; this will act as a lubricant during the next step.
5. Install the Patch
To begin, ensure you have all the necessary tools and materials: a tire repair kit, rubber cement, a rasp tool, and a tire plug.
Start by locating the puncture on your tire's tread surface, spraying soapy water, and looking for any bubbles forming. Once located, use the rasp tool to roughen up the area around the hole – this helps create better adhesion for the patch.
Apply rubber cement generously over this roughened area and allow it to dry for a few minutes until it becomes tacky.
6. Let It Dry
When applying the adhesive and firmly placing the patch over the punctured area, it is crucial to let it dry thoroughly before re-inflating the tire or driving your vehicle again.
7. Put the Tire on the Wheel
This step requires attention to detail and careful execution to ensure a secure and safe fit. Locate the valve stem hole on the rim and align it with your tire's plug stem. Gently push down on the tire, using your body weight if necessary, until it fully sits on the rim. You must Changing Tire Size on Same Rim.
Move around the wheel clockwise and ensure both sides of the bead are properly seated within their respective rims. This is important for maintaining balance while driving. Use your hands or a rubber mallet to tap any stubborn areas of the bead that may not have been seated properly.
Both sides of the tire are securely seated on the rim, inflating with air from a compressor or pump.
8. Inflate the Tire
Your tire ensures that it can support the weight of your vehicle and provides a smooth and safe ride. To inflate the tire, remove the valve cap from the stem. This will allow you to attach an air pump or compressor to add air.
Locate an appropriate air source. You can use an air pump at a gas station or invest in a portable air compressor for convenience. Attach the hose or compressor securely onto the cut stem, ensuring no leaks. Once attached, turn on the pump or activate your compressor.
Monitor the pressure gauge as you inflate the tire, making sure not to exceed its recommended PSI (pounds per square inch).
9. Reinstall It!
Properly reinstalling the tire ensures that your repair work will hold up and keep you safely on the road. Carefully align the holes in the rim with the trench stem and gently slide the tire onto it. Ensure that both beads of the tire (the inner edges) are seated evenly on both sides of the rim. Inflate the tire partially so it takes shape but still has some give. This will help you adjust its position if needed. Workaround both sides of the rim using your hands or a pry bar, pushing down on each section of the bead until it settles into place.
Final Thoughts
How Much Does It Cost To Patch a Tire? It can vary depending on factors such as the tire type, the puncture's severity and location, and the labor costs in different areas. It can cost between $20 to $40 per tire to be patched professionally. It is important to note that while patching a tire may be a more affordable option than replacing it entirely, it is crucial to assess the tire's condition and consult with a skilled before making a decision. Regular maintenance and inspection of tires can help identify potential issues early on and potentially avoid costly repairs.
Rabia


text:
The people at PETA pronounce the name of their organisation in a different way to what one might expect, in my opinion. I have been mispronouncing it for years! Well there it is and now I know. How did I find out? PETA now have a regular podcast and the introduction includes pronouncing the acronym: PETA. Update: about 18 months later I realised why they prefer this pronunciation. It is because they want to avoid the word 'pet' in their acronym. They don't like the use of the word 'pet' to describe companion animals because it encourages the wrong relationship between human and animal.
Please play this short audio file for the correct way to say PETA.


Pedal Interceptor
From Tinkla: Tinkering with Tesla
Revision as of 08:45, 28 June 2019 by Raf (talk | contribs) (updated WPT-929 amazon link)
The Comma Pedal is used to provide acceleration and regen braking capability on Tesla cars running Openpilot that do not have iBooster installed.
The Comma Pedal is an accelerator pedal interceptor. It is a device that is inserted between a car's electronic accelerator pedal and the DU (Drive Unit). It detects the voltage from the accelerator pedal which represents the pedal's position. It then writes that same voltage back out to the DU as if the accelerator pedal had produced it. When Openpilot is engaged, Openpilot sends the virtual acceleration position through the Comma Pedal instead.
Without electric brakes (iBooster) the car only uses regenerative braking. This is not enough for suddent slowdowns. YOU MUST BE READY TO MANUALLY BRAKE AT ANY MOMENT.
The Comma Pedal is connected to the Giraffe on CAN3-EPAS usually using a Y adapter (that you have to make).
What it Does
The Comma Pedal has 4 main systems:
 1. 2 Analog to Digital Convertors
 - This is used to read the voltage from the car's accelerator pedal into the Comma Pedal's processor. The accelerator pedal produces an output Voltage between 0 and 5 Volts.
 2. 2 Digital to Analog Convertors
 - This is used to send voltage back to the car's DU as if the accelerator pedal had produced it.
 3. 1 CAN Bus
 - The CAN Bus is the car's communication network. The Comma Pedal communicates with Openpilot using the CAN Bus. It connects to the Tesla Giraffe on CAN3.
 4. 1 USB
 - This is used to program and monitor the Comma Pedal, itself.
When Openpilot is NOT engaged, the Comma Pedal reads the voltage from the accelerator pedal and just passes it along to the DU.
When Openpilot IS engaged with longitudinal control, the Comma Pedal gets accelerator commands from Openpilot and emulates a accelerator pedal to the DU.
The Comma Pedal is constantly sending the physical accelerator pedal's position to the CAN bus for Openpilot to read.
Obtaining a Comma Pedal (generic infor from Comma.ai wiki)
You cannot buy a pre-built comma pedal from Comma. Perhaps someone will begin selling them, but for now, you must either build it yourself (not recommended) Or have one fabricated through a service like Macrofab.
More information on HOW to do that will be added to this wiki in the future.
You can find an article written by a community member on how to build your own through MacroFab:
Comma Pedal: Building with MacroFab by Joshua F. Rountree
The information needed to build one is located in Comma's EON GitHub repo.
Wiring a Tesla Pedal
Tesla pedal wiring.png
Pedal pinout.png
Pedal connector.png
Pedal CAN connection.png
Pedal in box.png
In order to create your Tesla Pedal you need:
 - 1x Comma Pedal board
 - 1x set of WPT-929 connectors w/ or w/o wires
 - 1x JST2 male conenctor
 - 1x JST2 female connector (or you can buy this and cut it and you're done)
 - box to hold the board (I used this one from Amazon). You will need to cut some small openings on the sides (and in front of the RJ45) if you use this one.
Note: the two JST2s are needed only if you chose not to use an ethernet cable to conenct your Pedal to the Tesla Giraffe rev B.
Use the diagram to conenct the female WSP-929 pedal connector to the IN side of the pedal board and the male WSP-929 connector to the OUT side of the pedal connector.
To connect the CAN BUS from the Pedal to the Tesla Giraffe you can either use an Ethernet cable to connect the two RJ45 ports (if you have a Tesla Giraffe rev B) or you can use twised wire (preffered) to connect positions 3 and 6 of the fake-ethernet port of the pedal board to the two JST2 connectors (male and female). We need both because you will plug the female one in the Giraffe's EPAS connector and then the EPAS Harness into the male JSP2. Red should be CAN+ and black should be CAN- (that's the convention also used in the image showing the CAN wire soldered to pins 3 and 6 of the fake ethernet port on the pedal baord).
Flashing the firmware for Tesla Pedal
You have to use a Tesla specific firmware on the pedal in order to work for Tesla.
The firmware in my repo for the Tesla Pedal is located in /data/openpilot/panda/board/pedal_tesla. You can flash the pedal from your computer or from the EON (I did it from the EON). If you have a new board, it will automatically start in DFU mode. If not, you can enter the DFU mode either using a Panda Paw or by applying 5 volts to a special point on the board while conencting the board to USB (to power it up). That usually requires at least 2 people: one to keep the jumper for 5V in place and the other to connect the USB. Instructions on how to enter DFU mode were create by @jfrux.
Once in DFU mode, go to the pedal_tesla directory and run
make recover
Once the firmware flash complete, just reboot the pedal and you should be ready to go.
With 0.5.10 and beyond, there is a new way to flash the pedal via CAN messages which will be used for furture (if needed) upgrades. For now, there are no changes to the firmware for Pedal.
Installing the Tesla Pedal
To install the pedal, there are two steps:
 1. connecting the board to the accelerator pedal
 2. conencting the board to the Tesla Giraffe
This video for a similar product shows you what you have to do in order to install the pedal interceptror between the accelerator pedal and the car existing connector. Take your time and watch the video first. The process is not complicated if you just follow it step by step.
Once that is complete, disconnect the EPAS cable from the Tesla Giraffe and connect the female JSP2 from your pedal to the Giraffe. Then connect the EPAS cable to the male JSP2 from your pedal.
Using the Tesla Pedal
Without electric brakes (iBooster) the car only uses regenerative braking. This is not enough for suddent slowdowns. YOU MUST BE READY TO MANUALLY BRAKE AT ANY MOMENT.
Out of the box, OP will use the Tesla CC (with stalk spamming) to control CC. This in our OP implementation is called Adaptive Cruise Control or ACC. CC on Tesla only works above 18 MPH (29 km/h).
If you turn off the Tesla CC by pressing on the CC stalk, OP will switch to Tesla Pedal (PDL) mode. This will also provide you with adaptive cruise control by sending the right commands to your Tesla Pedal. Tesla pedal works down to 1 MPH, but be careful, regen brakes stop working at 5 MPH (8 km/h).
Once you get used to it and you don't care about ACC anymore, you can modify the config file to always use pedal
force_pedal_over_cc = True
Guides for Building / Troubleshooting Your Comma Pedal
Comma Pedal: Updating the Firmware over CAN by @jfrux Use this guide to update your Comma Pedal for compatibility with Openpilot v0.5.10+
Comma Pedal: Building with MacroFab by @jfrux
Comma Pedal: Flashing the Firmware by @jfrux


text:
- Can you carry in a movie theater?
- Why is movie popcorn so expensive?
- Can you bring a skateboard into the movies?
- Can you bring a blanket in the movie theater?
- Is it illegal to bring your own snacks into a movie theater?
- What happens if you get caught sneaking into a movie?
- How do you make out at a movie theater?
- How do movie theaters make their money?
- How long do movies typically stay in theaters?
- Is outside food allowed in Cinemark?
- Can I bring a blanket to Cinemark?
- Can you get kicked out of a movie theater for making out?
- Do movie Theatres have cameras in them?
- Can you bring water bottles into movie theaters?
- Can a movie theater legally search your bag?
- Is it OK to sneak food into the movies?
- Can you go to the movies just to buy popcorn?
- Can you bring food to AMC Theatres?
- Is it illegal to sneak snacks into a movie?
- Can I kiss my girlfriend in Theatre?
- Why are movie theaters so cold?
Can you carry in a movie theater?


Embedding video stored on Google Drive
воскресенье, июля 26, 2015 Nata 0 Comments
1. Upload your video to Google Drive
2. Right-click the video and choose "Share..."
3. Make sure sharing is set to "Anyone who has the link can view"
4. Copy the "Link to share" from the box at the top of the dialog
5. Click "Done"
6. Paste and open the link in a new tab or browser
7. At the top of the screen, click the icon with three vertical dots and choose "Embed item..."
8. Copy the embed code
9. In Blogger open (or create) the activity/resource where you want to place your video
10. In the editor open the HTML editor
11. Paste the embed code where you want your video to appear.
12. You may want to change the size of the video - Google's default is 640x480, which is a lot of screen real estate on most devices. Your users will be able to make it full screen if they wish.
Example HTML (The bold text is the embed code copied in step 8):
My Video
0 коммент.:


text: A time‐shared computer‐centered data collection system has been placed into operation at the Brookhaven Graphite Research Reactor. The system provides simultaneous data collection and sorting for two physically unrelated neutron time‐of‐flight experiments in time‐share with a general computation facility. A general purpose stored‐program digital computer with a 4096 word, 24‐bit memory is the heart of the system. The computer system provides, for the ''fast neutron chopper'' experiment, a 1024‐channel time analyzer for total or partial neutron cross section experiments, three elapsed‐time clocks, three total events scalers, two monitor scalers, and a chopper tachometer. At the same time, for the ''slow neutron chopper'' experiment, the system provides a 256‐channel time analyzer, a clock, a total events scaler, a monitor scaler, and a chopper tachometer. The two experiments are independent of one another and are controlled by the typing of four‐letter mnemonic codes on the system typewriter. A live cathode‐ray tube display of either experiment is present at all times except when the time‐shared computational facility is being used. Connections between the computer and the external analog‐to‐digital converters are made on a patchboard, allowing convenient control of data format. The system has been designed to facilitate expansion to multiparameter data handling.


text: AbstractTo explore the effect of waterborne polyurethane (WPU) on the performance of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) emulsified asphalt and broaden the application range of polymer-modified emulsified asphalt, WPU-SBR-modified emulsified asphalt with 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% WPU was prepared. The penetration, softening point, ductility, and storage stability tests were used to explore the effect of different contents of WPU on composite-modified emulsified asphalt. Meanwhile, the rheological properties of five modified emulsified asphalts were analyzed by temperature scanning test, multiple stress creep recovery test, and low-temperature bending creep test. The results show that the addition of WPU improved the performance of SBR emulsified asphalt, and the improvement effect varied with the addition amount. With the increase of WPU content, the penetration and unrecoverable creep compliance Jnr of WPU-SBR-modified emulsified asphalt gradually decreased, and the softening point, rutting factor G*/sinδ, and creep recovery rate R gradually increased, indicating that the high-temperature stability of modified emulsified asphalt was enhanced, and when the WPU content was 9%, the best improvement effect was obtained. However, excessive content of WPU will deteriorate the low-temperature performance of WPU-SBR-modified emulsified asphalt, and thus the content of WPU should be appropriately selected in practical engineering applications.


pele.optimize.MYLBFGS.adjustStepSize
MYLBFGS.adjustStepSize(X, E, G, stp)[source]
We now have a proposed step. This function will make sure it is a good step and then take it. This is known as a Backtracking linesearch
_URL_
 1. if the step is not anti-aligned with the gradient (i.e. downhill), then reverse the step
 2. if the step is larger than maxstep, then rescale the step
 3. calculate the energy and gradient of the new position
 4. if the step increases the energy by more than maxErise,
 then reduce the step size and go to 3)
 5. if the step is reduced more than 10 times and the energy is still not acceptable, then increment nfail, reset the lbfgs optimizer and continue
 6. if nfail is greater than 5 abort the quench
Previous topic
pele.optimize.MYLBFGS
Next topic
pele.optimize.MYLBFGS.attachEvent


Why is the USS Arizona Underwater?
The USS Arizona is the resting place to hundreds of sailors. The Navy decided to leave them and the ship there after an inspection a few months after the attack. It was determined that there was so much damage taht the ship was a total loss and could not be salvaged. Though, it should be noted that some parts from the Arizona were taken for use on other ships during WWII.
After deciding that the ship could not be salvaged, was not a navigation risk and would be left where she was, the Navy had a decision about what to do with the men who perished on board. It was decided that the men would be considered buried at sea because it would be too difficult to remove them in a respectful manner.
The decision to leave the USS Arizona underwater at the bottom of Pearl Harbor was made after much deliberation. The same decision was made for the USS Utah. The USS Oklahoma was similarly sunk in the attack, but raised and put in drydock in 1943. In 1944, the USS Oklahoma was decommissioned. She eventually sunk to the bottom of the ocean as she was towed to the US mainland. All of the other ships sunk or damaged during the attack were returned to service.
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Malaysia – Protecting The National Cuisine
The Malaysian Tourism Minister's statement that Malaysia intends to stake its claim on recipes synonymous with the country's identity, has sparked controversy among the public. Reaction is especially high in Singapore, where people dispute the origins of certain dishes Malaysia intends to claim.
The Minister later said that Malaysia has no intention to patent local food: "We have to claim ownership on some dishes but I never said we must patent them."
This summarizes the state of IP awareness in Malaysia – confusion and ignorance. The Minister intends to claim proprietary ownership of the recipes, but maintained that the ownership will not mean domination of the product.
However, she was right in saying that Malaysia has no intention to patent the food, as it is impossible to patent food, although the Malaysian Patents Act 1983 does not actually prohibit the registration of a patent of a recipe. With the amount of variation and combination possible to prepare a dish, it is unlikely that it can be patented successfully.
This raises the question: how do we protect a recipe?
Lawyers and food consultants commented that it would be difficult for any country to lay claim to a certain dish. Generic names such as "chicken rice" would be rejected by the patent office. It is possible to stake a claim to a dish by geographical indication (GI) – Hainan, for example, can stake a claim for Hainanese chicken rice as it originated there.
This, however, does not offer any protection at all for recipes. The rationale is the same as patents. The amount of variety available for a dish will make it impossible for one to pin-point exactly the description of a dish which would enable it to be used as a GI.
The most appropriate way to protect a recipe is by a trade mark. Trade marks are not new in the food business. Trade marks like Coca-Cola, McDonalds and Subway have in fact gained international recognition, resulting in an indirect dominance of the recipes that they provided. Brands like Kentucky Fried Chicken, The Manhattan Fish Market and Old Town White Café do indicate the uniqueness of the dishes they provided, and the successful registration of the trade marks has resulted in what the Minister actually wanted – ownership of the dishes.
In light of this, it would be interesting to see how Malaysia goes about branding these famous dishes.


text:
Up to 1.5 million children do not go to school in Kenya. What proportions of these children are expected to be out of school because of the various barriers to enrolment (eg direct or opportunity costs of education, disability, distance to school, etc)?
This report addresses the reasons why children are out of school in Kenya. It includes sections on:
- Proportions of children affected by different barriers to education
- ILO report on access to education in Kenya
- Related information
- Resources on barriers to education
Some proportional statistics on barriers to enrolment were found from differing sources. The ILO report, outlined in section 3, gives proportional data showing reasons for absenteeism, drop-out and non-enrolment for 3 districts in Kenya. Reasons for non-enrolment are:
- 68.7% lack of funds
- 7% few admission slots
- 6.1% father/guardian ignorance
- 5.2% under age
- 4.3% distance to school
- 2.6% mental handicap
- 2.6% decision of the father
Bolton, L. Helpdesk Report: Barriers to Enrolment in Kenya. Human Development Resource Centre, UK (2011) 10 pp.


The atg.repository.QueryBuilder interface defines the available query operations that repositories should support. The QueryBuilder interface enables you to build Query objects that can be passed to the repository. A Query is constructed from QueryExpressions. Each Query relates one or more QueryExpressions and a query operation. There are standard logical query operations, such as AND, OR, NOT, EQUALS, GREATER THAN, LESS THAN OR EQUALS, plus more complicated query operations like collection inclusion, pattern matching, and others. The implementation of QueryBuilder does not have to support all query operations — it depends on what query features the data store supports. For unsupported query operations, the method should throw a RepositoryException. You can use the atg.repository.QueryOptions class to limit the size of a query's result set or otherwise modify the query.
Query Creation Example
The following example creates a query that returns all repository items whose gender property is female:
loading table of contents...


text:
The following is an editable list of toys that can be easily adapted for use with a switch by using a battery interrupter.
A battery interrupter is a simple device that can be inserted between batteries or between a battery and battery terminal and interrupts the circuit. The battery interrupter has a jack for an assistive switch. When the assistive switch is attached and activated, the circuit is complete and the toy can be activated.
In general, battery interrupters work well for toys that are:
Powered by standard batteries (e.g. AAA, AA, C, D) that are accessible through a cover AND
have a single function AND
have a slide power switch or a momentary switch that can be held down.
Battery interrupters can be made from simple materials or purchased commercially. There is currently one open source / DIY option in the MMC library:
List of Compatible Toys
Battery-powered bubble machine
Battery-powered art spinner
Battery-powered starry sky galaxy
Battery-powered Nerf blaster (use velcro wrap around trigger)
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Collaborate with makers in the community to develop your device idea.


text:
Launched in 2020, Techquity is a new collective impact initiative to bridge the digital divide throughout our community. Supported by United Way's Technology United network, Techquity connects stakeholders from our business, education, and social sector to promote digital equity and inclusion via three strategies:
- Access: Ensuring all families have digital devices and the internet in their homes.
- Education: Fostering digital literacy and career pathways in technology.
- Innovation: Leveraging technology to accelerate innovation in the social sector.
Techquity's priority populations include:
- Households with school-aged children
- Persons seeking employment
- Vulnerable populations, such as those experiencing domestic violence or homelessness
To date, Techquity has provided:
- Laptops for nonprofit agency partners
- Laptops for students at 12 Milwaukee Community Schools
- 180 hot spots for members of the community to access the internet to continue education and/or to work from home
If your organization has outdated computers or other technology, consider giving them a second life! Technology donations can easily be recycled and put to good use in our community. All kinds of technology donations are accepted and most items will be refurbished for reuse. If donations can't be refurbished, they will be recycled properly at no cost to the donor.
If you do not currently have a dedicated recycler for your technology equipment, United Way can help you through one of our partners Digital Bridge of Milwaukee. Digital Bridge is NAID AAA certified in our area to wipe and reuse drives. After wiping the hardware, they load Windows 10 operating system and Microsoft products on each computer and help United Way distribute them to community members that need a computer.
To learn more about donating technology, contact Nicole Angresano at _PHONE_ or fill out the form below.


Troubleshooting DRS in Configmgr
The Basics of Replication in Configmgr
Configmgr underwent a shift several years ago as Microsoft tried to fix that backlog issue that customers often times encountered with the file based replication style. The hierarchy architecture was flattened and replication went from files to SQL, for the most part at least. This is well covered on TechNet so I will spare you the details.
There are some additional basics of replication that should be stated for completeness of the topic.
Configmgr does not use the built-in SQL replication it uses components of SQL and manages the replication of data on its own. The easiest way I can state this is, the product team coded their own replication into the product, it does not use the built in features of Microsoft SQL Replication.
There are mainly two types of data replication between sites, Global data and Site data. Global data is replicated from the CAS downward, while site data is the opposite.
Global data includes data such as collection rules.
Site data includes things like collection results and client data.
Each data type contains several replication groups that logically groups data from different tables together. These replication groups are classified as global and site replication groups.
select * from vReplicationData is a query to display all replication groups.
If you want to see what replication groups are included as part of global or site data, simply modify the previous query by specifying the type of data, similar to these.
select * from vReplicationData where Replicationpattern = 'global
select * from vReplicationData where Replicationpattern = 'site
Want to see what data is part of that replication group from the output of the previous two queries? The first column of the output should be ID, simply select the matching ID from the replication group you want to investigate and use the following query. Replace 30 with the ID number you are interested in.
select * from vArticleData where ReplicationID = 30
ID 1 – 14 is global data, 15 is cloud data, 16 – 30 is for site data, 31 – 33 is for secondary site replication data, beyond 33 is typically more site data replication groups.
RepGroups-Global and Cloud 1-15RepGroups-Sites 17-30RepGroups-SecondarySitesRepGroups-34 plus
Since we are almost to the real meat of what data is being sent why not look and see what tables are included in a group? And what better to look at than HWINV data? This query will return the list of tables that is being replicated as part of any of the replication groups with Hardware_Inventory in the name of the group.
select ArticleName from ArticleData where ReplicationID in (select ID from vReplicationData where ReplicationGroup like 'Hardware_Inventory%')
UPDATE: A friend was gracious enough to send me an email regarding the previous query and how to better see what data is in a replication group I recommend using his below. He is easily one of the foremost experts on DRS and how to troubleshoot replication. He and his team have one of the largest implementations of SCCM globally and it is magnificently run. Just from an efficiency standpoint, his query is much better and more elegant.
"HINV replication groups vary by install and by how much you extend the mof. I don't think any 2 groups look alike or contain the same data.
To see what data is in each I use this:"
SELECT Rep.ReplicationGroup,
 App.ArticleName, App.ReplicationID
FROM vArticleData AS App
INNER JOIN v_ReplicationData AS Rep ON App.ReplicationID = Rep.ID
ORDER BY Rep.ReplicationGroup, App.ArticleName
Another important aspect of DRS is the SQL Service Broker (SSB) which handles incoming and outgoing messages, guaranteeing their delivery by allowing them to use an asynchronous queue to store the messages in. If this cannot function the flow of data into and out of SQL replication will stop.
Site Data Processing – An Example
When a client runs its scheduled hardware inventory it stores the output of the WMI data in an XML file. Then the client copies that XML file up to its management point (MP). Assuming the MP is not a primary site server, the MP message handler processes the clients XML file and it gets converted into a MIF file. Then the MP File Dispatch Manager takes the MIF file and uploads into the clients primary site servers dataldr inbox folder. The MIF file is then read by the data loader component and the data is inserted in the SQL database.
Technically, there are more than two types of data being replicated, but technically Configmgr can also use the built-in SQL replication too, technically.
Additional info from TechNet:
Plan for Database Replication Thresholds
How to Monitor Database Replication Links and Replication Status
Procedures for Monitoring Database Replication
Advanced Troubleshooting of Replication in Configmgr
When the Data Replication Service (DRS) stops working it can be a nightmare. If replication breaks and you cannot fix it within a certain amount of time you will lose data and if you have to re-initialize your replication it generate gigs and gigs of network traffic across the wire as you replicate all that data to each site server, again. Below are some additional tips to help when troubleshooting DRS when the Replication Link Analyzer (RLA) doesn't do the trick.
Running RLA in a script or from the cmd prompt:
%path%\Microsoft Configuration Manager\AdminConsole\bin\Microsoft.ConfigurationManager.ReplicationLinkAnalyzer.Wizard.exe
From TechNet: About the Replication Link Analyzer
 If RLA fails any remediation actions while it is running, the log files contain more detail than the XML file. Also, ensure that it was able to restart the SMS_SITE_COMPONENT_MANAGER and SMS_EXECUTIVE services.
Verbose Logging
The first step is to get more information from the log files, this is accomplished the same way as all other logs in CM, by modifying the amount of logging through registry keys. There are two different log types we are going to use, your standard text based log files you typically view with notepad, splunk, or cmtrace, while the other type of log files are viewed in SQL because they are SQL managed components of Configmgr and the logging is stored in SQL tables not like the.log files for the majority of Configmgr's components. You can add this to the long list of reasons why SQL should be ON BOX and CM admins should have sysadmin forever on their SQL instance(s). Moving on.
Replication Configuration Monitor Log
Rcmctrl.log – Replication Configuration Monitoring (RCM) log file that shows an overview of sync status, site status and stored procs used.
Rcmctrl Regkey: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\SMS\Components\SMS_REPLICATION_CONFIGURATION_MONITOR\Verbose logging
Default is Value 0
DWORD Value 0 = Errors and key messages
DWORD Value 1 = Errors, key messages, and more general information*
DWORD Value 2 = Everything (Verbose)*
*Make sure you return this back to 0 after you have resolved your DRS issues.
By default the two replication groups that record messages to the Rcmctrl.log are Site Control Data and Configuration Data, if you see errors with another replication group you can include it in the logging by adding it to the following registry key.
*Make sure you return this back to the default after you have resolved your DRS issues. The default is: Site Control Data,Configuration Data
SQL Components Logging
vLogs (stored in SQL views) – Because some components of RCM are running in SQL Server hosted managed code, each of these components is provided a table in CM SQL db to record log messages to. Logging is recorded in: vDrsReceivedMessages, vDrsReceivedHistory, vDrsSendHistory, vDrsSentMessages, vDrsSyncHistory, and vDrsSyncMessages
Default is Value 1
DWORD Value 0 = Errors and critical information only
DWORD Value 1 = Errors, critical information, warnings, and general information
DWORD Value 2 = Everything (Verbose)*
*Make sure you return this back to 1 after you have resolved your DRS issues.
Now that additional details are being logged here are two queries to run that will display details of the vLogs information. If you cannot determine the source of the problem using this information I have listed below some additional queries and troubleshooting information.
Query the SQL vLog
Now we are ready to query the vLog and get extra details. A word of caution first, I recommend that you use the first query that only returns the first 1000 messages, by running the query and not limiting it you risk making things worse by adding additional pressure to your SQL db when it may already be in a degraded state and using the maximum amount of resources it has available.
This query returns the last thousand messages which have been logged, ordered by the time they were written into the database.
select Top 1000 * from vLogs order by LogTime desc
This query does not limit the messages returned and may cause your server to fall over! This is your second and final warning.
select * from vLogs where LogTime > GETDATE()-1 and ProcedureName <> 'spDRSSendChangesForGroup' ORDER BY


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Is it possible to find $n\times n$ matrices $M,N$ such that $(MN)^n=0$ but $(NM)^n\ne 0$?
I can see that $(MN)^n=0\implies (NM)^{n+1}= 0$ by associativity. But I don't see that it is necessarily true for $(NM)^n$.
I can also see that $MN=0\not\implies NM=0$ but I cannot find an example for $(MN)^n=0$ but $(NM)^n\ne 0$.
share|improve this question
3 Answers 3
up vote 12 down vote accepted
No. As it turns out, $MN$ and $NM$ must have the same nonzero eigenvalues (although the multiplicities need not agree), so if $(MN)^n = 0$ then $MN$ has only zero eigenvalues, so the same must be true of $NM$, which must therefore have characteristic polynomial $t^n$.
One elegant proof uses the following lemma: in any ring, $1 - xy$ is invertible if and only if $1 - yx$ is invertible. Now use the fact that $\lambda$ is a nonzero eigenvalue of $MN$ if and only if $1 - \frac{MN}{\lambda}$ is not invertible.
Another proof proceeds as follows: let $M, N$ have entries $m_{ij}, n_{ij}$ which are formal variables in a polynomial ring $R = \mathbb{Z}[m_{ij}, n_{ij}]$. Observe that $$\det(Nt - NMN) = \det(N) \det(t - MN) = \det(t - NM) \det(N).$$
Since $R$ is an integral domain, we conclude that $$\det(t - MN) = \det(t - NM)$$
as polynomials in $R$. So in fact $MN$ and $NM$ must have the same characteristic polynomial. (Note, however, that the first proof is much more general; among other things, it remains valid in infinitely many dimensions.)
share|improve this answer
+1, Nice answer! – wxu May 21 '12 at 14:18
On the other hand it is possible for smaller exponents than $n$ the size of the matrices, e.g. $MN$ might be zero while not $NM$. – hardmath May 21 '12 at 20:26
_USER_: yes, the OP mentions this so I assume he is already aware. – Qiaochu Yuan May 21 '12 at 20:28
See also here on the proof of $\ $ Sylvester's identity $\rm\ \ det(1+AB) = det(1+BA)\ $ that proceeds by taking $\rm\ det\ $ of $\rm\ (1+A\ B)\ A\ =\ A\ (1+B\ A)\ $ then universally (generically) cancelling $\rm\ det(A)\:,\ $ and see here for more examples of such universal proofs. – Bill Dubuque May 23 '12 at 22:13
See here for much more on $\rm\:1-xy\:$ invertible iff $\rm\:1-yx\:$ invertible, in particular Halmos' tantalizing problem to "explain" the very slick power series proof. – Bill Dubuque May 23 '12 at 22:19
You can combine your observation that $(MN)^n=0\implies (NM)^{n+1}=0$ with the result of this other question, showing that $(NM)^{n+1}=0\implies (NM)^n=0$.
share|improve this answer
Here's another proof of the fact which works over any field $F$ of characteristic $0$, where the following lemma applies:
Lemma. Let $u$ be an endomorphism of a finite dimensional $F$-vector space $V$. Then $u$ is nilpotent iff for all $k=1,\dots,n=\dim V$, $\mathrm{Tr}(u^k)=0$.
Suppose $M,N$ are $n\times n$ matrices with coefficients in a field of characteristic $0$ such that their product is nilpotent, i.e. $(MN)^n=0$. For any $k\geq 1$ $$0=\mathrm{Tr}((MN)^k)=\mathrm{Tr}((MN)^{k-1}MN)=\mathrm{Tr}(N(MN)^{k-1}M)=\mathrm{Tr}((NM)^k)$$ The lemma then implies that $NM$ is nilpotent aswell.
share|improve this answer
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text:
This paper discusses the role of grand urban visions in neoliberal urbanism by drawing on ethnographic and other research into the administration of New York City's ex-CEO Mayor, Michael Bloomberg. It argues that such visions illustrate the cultural dimensions and power of neoliberal urbanism, of which Bloomberg's approach to governance and development was an example. It describes the details and development of such visions in the Bloomberg administration, their role in the administration's ambitious development agenda, and the ways in which they affected the politics surrounding this agenda.
- New York
- urban development


text:
We present a heuristic approach to solve a complex problem in production planning, the multistage lot-sizing problem with capacity constraints. It consists of determining the quantity to be produced in different periods in a planning horizon, such that an initially given demand forecast can be attained. We consider setup costs and setup times. Due the complexity to solve this problem, we developed methods based on evolutionary metaheuristics, more specifically a memetic algorithm. The proposed heuristics are evaluated using randomly generated instances and well-known examples in the literature.
International journal of production economics Vol. 87, Issue 1, p. 67-81


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The Xandabox (based on Raspberry Pi) automatically detects on start-up the "preferred" resolution of the connected monitor (usually, its native resolution). Sometimes, the resolution might not be detected properly. This might happen if you power up your Playbox without a screen connected, or if after a power failure the Playbox starts before the screen has the time to power up and report properly. In this case, the standard VGA resolution of 640×480 is used.
Try rebooting your Playbox, it might be just fine. Also, you can follow this guide here to select the desired resolution of your player automatically on boot.
For Advanced, Custom and 4K resolutions we strongly recommend reading this article first.


text:
Left-Turn Car Accident Attorneys
Far too many Fort Lauderdale car accidents happen when a driver attempts to make a left-turn turn across lanes of oncoming traffic. Left-hand turn car accidents in Miami often result in what are referred to as T-bone accidents, when the front of an oncoming vehicle slams into the passenger side of the car making the left-hand turn. As with most crashes, these left-hand turn accidents happen when the turning driver is distracted by their phone or doesn't properly calculate the time they have before oncoming traffic approaches. Left-hand turn car accidents result in serious personal injuries to the drivers and passengers in both vehicles.
Left-hand turn accidents are the most frequently accounted type of crash. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), left-hand turns are responsible for more than twenty percent of all car and truck accidents. Of that large number of wrecks, the left-hand turning driver's conduct was responsible for nearly ninety-five percent of all crashes, the highest number of crashes in the study, making up 22% of the accidents, due to these actions:
- Failing to look for oncoming traffic, that is, making sure it was safe to begin a turn; and
- Failing to properly gauge the distance and speed of oncoming traffic.
This means nearly all left-hand turns were the result of the turning driver's poor judgment of distance, time and/or speed.
Florida has many statutes which govern the actions of a turning driver. With regards to left-hand turns, Florida statutes 316.141 (1)(b) states:
- Left turn.—The driver of a vehicle intending to turn left at any intersection shall approach the intersection in the extreme left-hand lane lawfully available to traffic moving in the direction of travel of such vehicle, and, after entering the intersection, the left turn shall be made so as to leave the intersection in a lane lawfully available to traffic moving in such direction upon the roadway being entered. A person riding a bicycle and intending to turn left in accordance with this section is entitled to the full use of the lane from which the turn may legally be made. Whenever practicable the left turn shall be made in that portion of the intersection to the left of the center of the intersection.
And Florida statute section 316.122 provides:
- Vehicle turning left.—The driver of a vehicle intending to turn to the left within an intersection or into an alley, private road, or driveway shall yield the right-of-way to any vehicle approaching from the opposite direction, or vehicles lawfully passing on the left of the turning vehicle, which is within the intersection or so close thereto as to constitute an immediate hazard.
If you or a loved one are seriously injured in a car accident in Fort Lauderdale or Miami due to the carelessness of a driver making a left-hand turn, regardless of if you were in a car, riding a bicycle or a pedestrian, it is important that you hire an aggressive and successful personal injury attorney. Car accident attorney Joseph Lipsky has nearly thirty years of experience helping seriously injured accident victims recover tens of millions of dollars for their broken bones, lacerations, back injuries, lost wages and medical bills. Since we don't get paid unless we win, injured accident victims don't owe us anything unless we recover money for you. The personal injury consultation is free and without obligations, so please call us at our toll-free hotline 888-FLA-LAW8 _PHONE_).


text:
Linguistik-Klassifikation: Grammatikforschung / Grammar research
Grammatical relations typology
- Traditionally, the term "grammatical relation" (GR) refers to the morphosyntactic properties that relate an argument to a clause, as, for example, its subject or its object. Alternative terms are "syntactic function" or "syntactic role", and they highlight the fact that GRs are defined by the way in which arguments are integrated syntactically into a clause, i.e. by functioning as subject, object etc. Whatever terminology one prefers, what is crucial about the traditional notion of GRs is (a) that they are identified by syntactic properties, and (b) that they relate an argument to the clause.


Create a Custom Analyzer
 - how-to
 +
 Create a custom analyzer with the Couchbase Server Web Console to modify the input text from a Search query or Search index and improve search results. For more information about analyzers, see customize-index.adoc#analyzers.
 Prerequisites
 Procedure
 To create a custom analyzer with the Couchbase Server Web Console:
 1. Go to Search.
 2. Click the Search index where you want to create a custom analyzer.
 3. Click Edit.
 4. Expand Customize Index Analyzers.
 5. Click Add Analyzer.
 6. In the Name field, enter a name for the new custom analyzer.
 7. To remove specific characters from search input before tokenizing, in the Character Filters list, do one of the following:
 1. To add a character filter to your analyzer, select a character filter and click + Add. You can select a default character filter or create your own.
 2. To remove a character filter from your analyzer, click remove.
 8. In the Tokenizer list, click the tokenizer you want to use to create tokens from Search input. You can select a default tokenizer or create your own.
 For more information, see Default Tokenizers or Create a Custom Tokenizer.
 9. To modify the tokens created by the tokenizer, in the Token Filters list, do one of the following:
 1. To add a token filter to your analyzer, select a token filter and click + Add. You can select a default token filter or create your own.
 For more information, see Default Token Filters or Create a Custom Token Filter.
 2. To remove a token filter from your analyzer, click remove.
 10. Click Save.
 Next Steps


text:
|Digital Energy > Protection & Control > Voltage and Frequency Relays > STV Overexcitation Relay|
The Type STV relay is a single-phase static overexcitation relay. It consists of an overexcitation sensing unit which has a linear volts per hertz pickup characteristic, and a timing unit to provide a definite time before initiating some protective action. A target seal-in unit is also provided to protect the timing unit contacts during tripping duty.
The Type STV relay is designed specifically for equipment protection in case of overexcitation. Overexcitation of a generator or power transformer may occur during start-up, shutdown, or as result of remote load rejection. As as result, overheating due to core saturation within a very short time may cause severe damage. This relay, employing a constant volts per hertz pickup, recognizes overexcitation and initiates some appropriate action to protect the equipment.Features and Benefits
Target seal-in units
Transformer and generator protection
Alarm and backup protection
Adjustable pick-up voltage
Adjustable time delay


name>
Disable dissection of heuristic protocol.
--enable-protocol <proto_name>[,<proto_name>,…]
Enable dissection of proto_name. Use a proto_name of ALL to override your chosen profile's default disabled protocol list and temporarily enable all protocols which are enabled by default.
If a protocol is implicated in both --disable-protocol and --enable-protocol, the protocol is enabled. This allows you to temporarily disable all protocols but a list of exceptions. Example: --disable-protocol ALL --enable-protocol eth,ip
--enable-heuristic <short_name>
Enable dissection of heuristic protocol.
-K <keytab>
Load kerberos crypto keys from the specified keytab file. This option can be used multiple times to load keys from several files.
Example: -K krb5.keytab
-n
Disable network object name resolution (such as hostname, TCP and UDP port names); the -N option might override this one.
-N <name resolving flags>
Turn on name resolving only for particular types of addresses and port numbers, with name resolving for other types of addresses and port numbers turned off. This option (along with -n) can be specified multiple times; the last value given overrides earlier ones. This option and -n override the options from the preferences, including preferences set via the -o option. If both -N and -n options are not present, the values from the preferences are used, which default to -N dmN.
The argument is a string that may contain the letters:
d to enable resolution from captured DNS packets
g to enable IP address geolocation information lookup from configured MaxMind databases
m to enable MAC address resolution
n to enable network address resolution
N to enable using external resolvers (e.g., DNS) for network address resolution; no effect without n also enabled.
t to enable transport-layer port number resolution
v to enable VLAN IDs to names resolution
--only-protocols <protocols>
Only enable dissection of these protocols, comma separated. Disable everything else.
-t (a|ad|adoy|d|dd|e|r|u|ud|udoy)[.[N]]|.[N]
Set the format of the packet timestamp displayed in the default time column. The format can be one of:
a absolute: The absolute time, as local time in your time zone, is the actual time the packet was captured, with no date displayed
ad absolute with date: The absolute date, displayed as YYYY-MM-DD, and time, as local time in your time zone, is the actual time and date the packet was captured
adoy absolute with date using day of year: The absolute date, displayed as YYYY/DOY, and time, as local time in your time zone, is the actual time and date the packet was captured
d delta: The delta time is the time since the previous packet was captured
dd delta_displayed: The delta_displayed time is the time since the previous displayed packet was captured
e epoch: The time in seconds since epoch (Jan 1, 1970 00:00:00)
r relative: The relative time is the time elapsed between the first packet and the current packet
u UTC: The absolute time, as UTC, is the actual time the packet was captured, with no date displayed
ud UTC with date: The absolute date, displayed as YYYY-MM-DD, and time, as UTC, is the actual time and date the packet was captured
udoy UTC with date using day of year: The absolute date, displayed as YYYY/DOY, and time, as UTC, is the actual time and date the packet was captured
.[N] Set the precision: N is the number of decimals (0 through 9). If using "." without N, automatically determine precision from trace.
The default format is relative with precision based on capture format.
-u <s|hms>
Specifies how packet timestamp formats in -t which are relative times (i.e. relative, delta, and delta_displayed) are displayed. Valid choices are:
s for seconds
hms for hours, minutes, and seconds
The default format is seconds.
DIAGNOSTIC OPTIONS
--log-level <level>
Set the active log level. Supported levels in lowest to highest order are "noisy", "debug", "info", "message", "warning", "critical", and "error". Messages at each level and higher will be printed, for example "warning" prints "warning", "critical", and "error" messages and "noisy" prints all messages. Levels are case insensitive.
--log-fatal <level>
Abort the program if any messages are logged at the specified level or higher. For example, "warning" aborts on any "warning", "critical", or "error" messages.
--log-domains <list>
Only print messages for the specified log domains, e.g. "GUI,Epan,sshdump". List of domains must be comma-separated. Can be negated with "!" as the first character (inverts the match).
--log-debug <list>
Force the specified domains to log at the "debug" level. List of domains must be comma-separated. Can be negated with "!" as the first character (inverts the match).
--log-noisy <list>
Force the specified domains to log at the "noisy" level. List of domains must be comma-separated. Can be negated with "!" as the first character (inverts the match).
--log-fatal-domains <list>
Abort the program if any messages are logged for the specified log domains. List of domains must be comma-separated.
--log-file <path>
Write log messages and stderr output to the specified file.
READ FILTER SYNTAX
For a complete table of protocol and protocol fields that are filterable in TShark see the wireshark-filter(4) manual page.
FILES
These files contains various Wireshark configuration values.
Preferences
The preferences files contain global (system-wide) and personal preference settings. If the system-wide preference file exists, it is read first, overriding the default settings. If the personal preferences file exists, it is read next, overriding any previous values. Note: If the command line option -o is used (possibly more than once), it will in turn override values from the preferences files.
The preferences settings are in the form prefname:value, one per line, where prefname is the name of the preference and value is the value to which it should be set; white space is allowed between : and value. A preference setting can be continued on subsequent lines by indenting the continuation lines with white space. A # character starts a comment that runs to the end of the line:
# Capture in promiscuous mode?
# TRUE or FALSE (case-insensitive).
capture.prom_mode: TRUE
The global preferences file is looked for in the wireshark directory under the share subdirectory of the main installation directory. On macOS, this would typically be /Application/Wireshark.app/Contents/Resources/share; on other UNIX-compatible systems, such as Linux, \*BSD, Solaris, and AIX, this would typically be /usr/share/wireshark/preferences for system-installed packages and /usr/local/share/wireshark/preferences for locally-installed packages; on Windows, this would typically be C:\Program Files\Wireshark\preferences.
On UNIX-compatible systems, the personal preferences file is looked for in $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/wireshark/preferences, (or, if $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/wireshark does not exist while $HOME/.wireshark does exist, $HOME/.wireshark/preferences); this is typically $HOME/.config/wireshark/preferences. On Windows, the personal preferences file is looked for in %APPDATA%\Wireshark\preferences (or, if %APPDATA% isn't defined, %USERPROFILE%\Application Data\Wireshark\preferences).
Disabled (Enabled) Protocols
The disabled_protos files contain system-wide and personal lists of protocols that have been disabled, so that their dissectors are never called. The files contain protocol names, one per line, where the protocol name is the same name that would be used in a display filter for the protocol:
http
tcp # a comment
The global disabled_protos file uses the same directory as the global preferences file.
The personal disabled_protos file uses the same directory as the personal preferences file.
Name Resolution (hosts)
If the personal hosts file exists, it is used to resolve IPv4 and IPv6 addresses before any other attempts are made to resolve them. The file has the standard hosts file syntax; each line contains one IP address and name, separated by whitespace. The same directory as for the personal preferences file is used.
Capture filter name resolution is handled by libpcap on UNIX-compatible systems, such as Linux, macOS,


text:
Summary: In our study, we undertake a relative efficiency analysis of hospitals providing inpatient care, which play a key role in the Hungarian health care system. According to the Competitiveness Report 2020 of the Hungarian National Bank, the Hungarian health care system has a number of reserves, and the sustainability of the system can be improved by using these reserves. In the 2015-2019 period, particular attention has been paid to the identification of achievable and meaningful indicators in the sector under review. The relative effectiveness analysis (DEA) method can be used to address this challenge. The units of our analysis are state-owned institutions in Hungary, typologised by the total number of beds. General profile hospitals with a bed count between 600 and 1200 beds were included in the analysis. The results of running the programme have clearly shown that there are some institutions that do not operate as efficiently as the majority of the organisations included in the study, but further research and refinement of the indicators is needed to determine the practical application of the pilot studies.
Keywords: hospital, effectiveness analysis, DEA method
JEL codes: I14, H11
Download full text here! (pdf)


text:
How 2 find cube root using excel
To get the cube root of a number, you can use the caret(^) operator with 1/3 as the exponent in a simple formula. In the example shown, the formula in C5 is. Open an Excel file; Let's find the square root of a number; Here the number is ; The formula is; Square root formula=POWER(E3,1/2). When we use the. How to find square, cube, and nth roots in Excel using exponents and functions in formulas, with a step by step example included.
The trick is to realize that finding the cube root is the same as raising a So you find a cube root of the number in cell A1 using a formula like. For a Microsoft Excel 97 and earlier version of this article, see This step -by-step article shows you how to find the nth root of a number. Hi Does anyone know how to perform the cube root function in excel? By the way I did do a search for cube root & got The best way to search for Excel issues is to download Ron de Bruin's add-in for searching newsgroup.
A2^(1/3) tbh_29 wrote: > Any one know how i can do cube roots on excel? i know square To get replies by our experts at nominal charges, follow this link to buy points and The lookup functions should have an optional argument for the return In addition to A1^(1/3) you can use =POWER(A1, 1/3). #2. Calculate SQUARE Root of a Number Using POWER Function Apart from the square root, we can use it to calculate cube root or any nth.
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Möbius plane
From Encyclopedia of Mathematics
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circular plane, inversive plane
A plane whose elements form two disjoint sets: the set of points and the set of circles, and which is endowed with a symmetric incidence relation (relating points and circles). The incidence relation satisfies the following axioms:
1) any three distinct points are incident to one and only one circle;
2) given a point on a circle and a point not on, there is a unique circle through whose common point with is ;
3) there exist at least four distinct points not incident to a circle. Every circle is incident to at least three distinct points.
From a Möbius plane one can obtain an affine plane if one calls one of its points the ideal point, and calls the circles incident to this point straight lines.
In three-dimensional projective space the points of an ovoid and the planes that intersect the ovoid at more than one point form, with the incidence relation inherited from, a Möbius plane (see [1]). A Möbius plane is called egg-like if it is isomorphic to for some ovoid. Among the egg-like Möbius planes the best known is the model, where is the sphere in three-dimensional Euclidean space, i.e. the plane isomorphic to, where is a non-ruled quadric in three-dimensional projective space over the field of real numbers.
A Möbius plane is said to be finite if it has a finite number of points and circles. Each circle in a Möbius plane has the same number of points, and through each point of the plane pass the same number of circles. By definition, the order of the plane is the number of points on a circle minus one. A Möbius plane of order contains points and circles; through each point of the plane circles pass. The following model of the Möbius plane of order is the best known. The points of the plane are the elements of the Galois field and the ideal point ; the circles of the plane are the images of the set under the group of permutations of the form
A necessary condition for the existence of a Möbius plane of order is the existence of a finite affine plane of the same order. The uniqueness of the Möbius plane of order has been proven [5]. If a Möbius plane of order contains a proper subplane of order, then and (see [2]).
The classification of Möbius planes has been carried out (see [3], [4]). The planes are named after A. Möbius (1855), who laid the foundations of the theory of circles.
[1] R. Dembowski, "Finite geometries", Springer (1968) pp. 254
[2] P. Dembowski, D.R. Hughes, "On finite inversive planes" J. London Math. Soc., 40 (1965) pp. 171–182
[3] C.H. Hering, "Eine Klassifikation der Möbius-Ebenen" Math. Z., 87 (1965) pp. 252–262
[4] N. Krier, "The Hering classification of Möbius planes", Proc. Internat. Conf. Projective Planes, Washington State Univ. Press (1973) pp. 157–163
[5] L.I. Istomina, "Uniqueness of the circle plane of order 11" Perm Univ. Uchen. Zap., 156 (1976) pp. 81–83 (In Russian)
For more recent developments, see the chapters by I.M. Yaglom, J.F. Rigby, J.B. Wilker, and N.W. Johnson in [a1].
[a1] C. Davis (ed.) B. Grünbaum (ed.) F.A. Sherk (ed.), The geometric vein (Coxeter-Festschrift), Springer (1980)
How to Cite This Entry:
Möbius plane. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: