text:
UV-Vis Frequently Asked Questions - Relative Diffuse Reflectance
What is relative diffuse reflectance?
Relative diffuse reflectance is measured by using an integrating sphere to measure the diffuse reflected light with specular reflected light excluded, as shown in the top diagram. This is used to measure samples with a rough surface, such as paper. The picture at bottom left shows an integrating sphere attachment used to measure relative diffuse reflectance. When using an integrating sphere, a material such as barium sulfate or specialized fluorine-based polymer is used as the reference plate (sometimes referred to as a white reference plate).
Attach a barium sulfate or other white reference plate at position (1) in the integrating sphere shown here. Perform baseline correction. The sample beam shines on the white reference plate.
Remove the white reference plate from position (1) and place the measurement sample in its place. Measure the sample to obtain the diffuse reflectance. Specular reflected light is reflected out of the integrating sphere via the sample beam inlet port and, therefore, is not detected.


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Tips for Unmarried Parents Who Want to Raise Children Together
Not everyone who raises children wants to get married, even if they all live together happily under the same roof. But while living together as a married couple can be plenty complicated, especially if you have children, this is often magnified without the legal protections of marriage. But if you educate yourself and plan ahead, many of these complications can be avoided.
Below are some tips for unmarried parents who want to raise children together.
Ensure Both Unmarried Parents' Names Are on the Birth Certificate
One of the best tips for unmarried parents is to include both names on the birth certificate, thus ensuring that they're both the legal parents. This will give each parent legal rights and responsibilities such as custody rights, visitation rights, and child support.
Any child born to a married, opposite-sex couple is legally presumed to be the child of the husband. But when the parents are unmarried, there's no such presumption. Therefore, most states require unmarried fathers to sign an affidavit acknowledging their paternity. It's best that both parents sign and notarize a written statement acknowledging the unmarried father's paternity.
Your state's Bureau of Vital Statistics keeps records of all birth certificates. Check with your own state's bureau to make sure that your paternity affidavit is on file, which also is where you'll go to add a parent to your child's birth certificate.
Choose a Last Name of Your Liking
Most states allow any name to be placed on a child's birth certificate. This includes first, middle, and last names. The child doesn't have to take either of the parents' names, but can take one or the other -- or the two names can be hyphenated -- as the parents see fit.
Some parents even give one parent's last name as the child's middle name and the other parent's last name as the child's last name. If you need a little more time deciding, you can decide first and amend your child's birth certificate later through your state's Bureau of Vital Statistics.
Qualify Your Child for Eligible Government Benefits
As long as your name is included on the child's birth certificate, your biological and legal children are eligible for government benefits, like Social Security survivorship benefits, government pension, etc.
If your name isn't included on the birth certificate, your child might still be eligible for benefits, but they'll face the hassles of proving paternity. The key is proving paternity to the government agency, which is made simple through the birth certificate and/or paternity affidavit at the time of, or shortly after, your child's birth.
Unmarried Parents Adopting a Child
Most states allow unmarried parents to adopt children; however, this does not keep adoption agencies and social services from discriminating against unmarried couples. If you and your partner aren't married, you may have to do more work to prove to social services and government agencies that your home is stable enough to raise children.
When an unmarried couple adopts a child jointly, they're both the child's legal parents, with equal rights and responsibilities to the child. This is true even if the unmarried parents separate, in which case each parent has a right to ask the family court for custody, visitation, and child support from the other parent.
Adopting Your Partner's Child, When You're Not One of the Biological Parents
When someone who's not a biological parent adopts their partner's child, this is called a "second-parent adoption." These are most common in stepparent-stepchild scenarios. States also grant second-parent adoptions when a same-sex partner adopts their partner's child -- a common way for same-sex couples to raise families.
Second-parent adoptions, where the adopting parent is married to one of the biological parents, are commonly approved. The courts favor situations where the adopting couple is legally married and the child will continue living with the couple. Courts view such adoptions as improving the structure of the family, and thus, favor second-parent adoptions.
Second-parent adoptions by unmarried couples are less favored.
Unless parents have been deemed "unfit" by some legal process or have abandoned their child, they have a right to parent their own child. Because of this, second-parent adoptions cannot be granted unless one of the following applies:
 - Both of the child's legal parents consent
 - The noncustodial parent is deceased
 - The noncustodial parent has been deemed "unfit" by a court
 - The noncustodial parent has abandoned the child
Social services will determine whether a parent has abandoned the child or is unfit. If the noncustodial parent has paid support, maintained a relationship with the child, and in the case of the father, has signed a paternity affidavit, that parent must give consent before a second-parent adoption can be approved.
Once a second-parent adoption is successful, the adoptive parent has the same rights and duties as a biological parent. This means that if the couple ever separates, the adoptive parent has custody and visitation rights and a duty to support the child.
Claiming Children on Tax Forms
Only one parent can claim the children as dependents on their taxes if the parents are unmarried. Either unmarried parent is entitled to the exemption, so long as they support the child.
Typically, the best way to decide which parent should claim the child is to determine which parent has the higher income. The parent with the higher income will receive a bigger tax break. The parents can agree to split the tax return, even though only one parent is receiving it.
A Non-Parent Playing a Live-In Parental Role
Many times issues arise when a nonparent who is living with the child and acts as that child's parent regarding educational and medical decisions. The legality of this nonparent's authority to do this depends on several factors.
 - If the other legal parent is in the picture and shares joint legal custody, then he or she probably has priority to make medical decisions over the nonparent. This, of course, does not preclude the nonparent from being listed as the emergency contact person on important records, in case a legal parent is unavailable.
 - Since schools are legally liable for the safety and care of the children, they can only accept signatures and permission slips from the children's legal guardians. An unmarried partner of a legal parent probably does not qualify as a legal guardian.
 - Nonparents may be permitted to pick up children from school if a legal parent informs the school.
Contact your child's school and other authorities to find out what procedures are necessary to give nonparents their decision-making rights.
The Break-Up of Unmarried Parents: Parental Rights and Duties
If both parents are legal parents, biologically or through adoption, they each have an equal right to pursue custody. Neither parent can deprive the other of this right. Once one of the parents is granted custody, he or she cannot deprive the other of his or her visitation rights. If a parent fails to fulfill his or her parental duties, the court can terminate that parent's right to be considered a legal parent. The noncustodial parent must continue to be involved in the child's life through visitation and child support.
If an unmarried partner is not a legal parent of the child, they probably have no rights to even visit the child. However, unmarried partners can enter into a written agreement if they both want to a part of the child's life. This agreement should include visitation and support.
If an agreement can't be made and the nonparent wants to pursue rights in court, the outcome will be based on state law.
A best interest of the child standard is typically used, and thus, some states do grant visitation or custody to nonparents. However, many states, even though they may follow the best interest of the child standard, still favor the parents over nonparents. Check your own state's laws and consult an experienced family law attorney for answers and guidance to your situation.
Unmarried Parents Raising Children Together? Get Help With Your Legal Questions
If you still have questions or concerns after reading these tips for unmarried parents, you may need professional help. Whether planning for the future, or dealing with issues that have already arisen, getting professional legal help is a good first step in ensuring you have a voice in the important decisions impacting your child. Find a family law attorney near you today to learn more.
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text:
Sourced from: YKK
The mining of metal for uses in zippers and studs for jeans can cause a multitude of environmental impacts that are felt for generations. Outland Denim is reducing its impact by using YKK as a supplier of zippers. It is part of the Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals Initiative (ZDHC), which aims to reduce the usage of hazardous chemicals and their discharge into the environment. YKK are also Standard 100 by OEKO-TEXⓇ Certified as evidence that their products and practices have been tested against harmful substances. YKK take a holistic approach to supporting their workers by providing free health examinations and various other avenues of support and benefits.
Return to Supply Chain

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Date: Tuesday, February 14, 2012
Time: Light buffet supper at 5:30 PM; lecture begins at 6:00 PM
Location: Biddle Rare Book Room
Contact Information: Rachel Ingold, _PHONE_ or rachel.ingold(at)duke.edu
Please join the Trent History of Medicine Society/Bullitt History of Medicine Club for its next speaker series event on Tuesday, February 14, 2012. P. Preston Reynolds, MD, PhD, FACP, will be discussing "The Federal Government's Efforts to Racially Integrate Hospitals Under Medicare, _PHONE_." Dr. Reynolds is Professor of Medicine in the General Medicine, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care Division and a faculty member for Biomedical Ethics and Humanities at the University of Virginia School of Medicine.
For more than 30 years, Dr. Reynolds' research has focused on the history of race discrimination in healthcare and medical education. She has published and lectured on the subject, received major funding from the NIH and national foundations, and won awards for her scholarship. She currently is writing a book on the history of Durham's black hospital, Lincoln Hospital, and healthcare for blacks in the Carolinas, and revising a comprehensive guide to resources on the history and contributions of African Americans to the health professions.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Bead Shroud Fragment
An arrangement of small faience beads with original threading mounted on cardboard annotated: "From the Ramesseum Q. XVIII DYN XV Cent / BC". They were collected during the 1896 excavations at the mortuary temple of Ramesses II (Western Thebes) by the Egyptian Research Account. This is a fragment of a text band from a funerary shroud constructed of faience beads strung together in a net pattern, that would have been placed over the outer wrappings of a mummified body. From Quibell's excavations for the Egyptian Research Account 1896; see J E Quibell, 'The Ramesseum' (London, 1898).


text:
A: You ate this. Have you brushed your teeth?
B: You ate this. Did you brush your teeth?
Sentence A is in the Simple Past, while B is in the Present Perfect.
Which sentence is more natural?
To me, the two sentences are equally natural, but express somewhat different ideas. The first, in the present perfect, means "Have you brushed your teeth since you ate it [i.e., at any time between then and now]?". The second, in the simple past, means "Did you brush your teeth after you ate it [i.e., in the past, soon after you ate it]?".


Simple Highcharts Chart Example using PHP MySQL Database
By Hardik Savani | December 20, 2016 | | 61811 Viewer | Category : PHP Bootstrap MySql JSON Highcharts
Highcharts is a one type js library, that provide to populate bar chart, line chart, area chart, column chart etc. Highcharts library also provide several theme and graphic design that way you can make better layout. Highcharts is a very popular and simple library for php developer. We can simply use it in our code PHP project and other php framework like laravel(How to add charts in Laravel 5 using Highcharts ?), codeigniter, symfony, cakephp etc.
In this post, we are learn how to implement simple dynamic column highcharts using php mysql database. I will give you full example of column highcharts. In this example you have to just follow three step as like bellow:
1) Create Database
2) Create Database Configuration File
3) Create index.php File
In this three step, we will create two tables with some dummy data and represent in column chart. After complete this example you will find layout of Column Highcharts is looks like as bellow, it's pretty nice, i think:
Preview:
Step 1: Create Database
In first step we require to create new database "h_sole", Or you can rename as you like. After creating successfully database, In this example we will show compare column chart of viewer and clicks, So we require to create tables. we require following two tables:
1)demo_viewer
2)demo_click
You can create this two table by following mysql query as like bellow example:
Create demo_viewer table:
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS 'demo_viewer' (
'id' int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
'numberofview' int(11) NOT NULL,
'created_at' timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
PRIMARY KEY ('id')
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=10 ;
Create demo_click table:
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS 'demo_click' (
'id' int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
'numberofclick' int(12) NOT NULL,
'created_at' timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
PRIMARY KEY ('id')
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=10 ;
Now we require to some dummy data with different year, So you can add like added bellow screen shot, I added both tables with some dummy records that way you can simply add in yout database for testing.
demo_viewer table:
demo_click table:
Step 2: Create Database Configuration File
In this step we need to create on mysql database configuration file. In this file we will add details of phpmyadmin username, password and database name, So let's create new file "db_config.php" and put bellow code:
db_config.php
<?php
$dbHost = "localhost";
$dbDatabase = "h_sole";
$dbPasswrod = "root";
$dbUser = "root";
$mysqli = mysqli_connect($dbHost, $dbUser, $dbPasswrod, $dbDatabase);
?>
Step 3: Create index.php File
In last step, we have to just create index.php file in root folder. In this file i write code of getting data from mysql database and convert into json data. So let's create new file "index.php" and put bellow code:
index.php
<?php
require('db_config.php');
/* Getting demo_viewer table data */
$sql = "SELECT SUM(numberofview) as count FROM demo_viewer
GROUP BY YEAR(created_at) ORDER BY created_at";
$viewer = mysqli_query($mysqli,$sql);
$viewer = mysqli_fetch_all($viewer,MYSQLI_ASSOC);
$viewer = json_encode(array_column($viewer, 'count'),JSON_NUMERIC_CHECK);
/* Getting demo_click table data */
$sql = "SELECT SUM(numberofclick) as count FROM demo_click
GROUP BY YEAR(created_at) ORDER BY created_at";
$click = mysqli_query($mysqli,$sql);
$click = mysqli_fetch_all($click,MYSQLI_ASSOC);
$click = json_encode(array_column($click, 'count'),JSON_NUMERIC_CHECK);
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>HighChart</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_URL_

Highcharts php mysql json example

Dashboard

Ok, now we are ready to run this example, so just run bellow command on root folder for run your project.
php -S localhost:8000
Now you can open bellow url on your browser:
http://localhost:8000
I hope it can help you...
We are Recommending you:


Quick Answer: How Do I Pin A Tab At The Top?
How do you pause tabs?
Step 1: Click on the TooManyTabs icon to the right of the address bar.
Step 2: The page that appears will show a list of all the tabs you have open.
Click on the small arrow next to a tab to suspend it from operation..
How do I permanently pin a tab in Chrome?
Pinned tabs can become permanent if you tell Chrome to remember your last browsing session.Click the Chrome menu button, followed by "Settings," and then locate the "On Startup" heading.Click on the "Continue Where I Left Off" radio button.More items…
How do I pin a tab without a mouse?
Alt+P is the default key combination. Now, you can press the chosen modifier key and letter you chose to pin the current tab.
What does it mean to pin a tab in Chrome?
Pinning browser tabs is a feature built in to the Google Chrome browser that makes it easier to manage having multiple pages open within the browser simultaneously. The feature narrows the tab and moves it to the left of the screen.
How do you pin all tabs at once?
That's the "Pin Tab" feature. To start using this to organize your tabs, all you have to do is to right-click on a tab in Google Chrome and select the "Pin Tab" option. You can do this for all of your web apps that you keep open all day.
How do I lock a tab in Windows?
Users can lock tabs by clicking the button in the address bar, or by using the Ctrl+Alt+L shortcut. Once you've locked a page, the tab title changes and a Locked keyword is added to the tab. Moreover, when a tab is locked, any new pages that are browsed in the same tab are also auto-locked.
What does it mean to pin a tab?
Pinned Tabs allow you to always keep your favorite web apps like Facebook, Gmail and Twitter open and just a click away. Pinned Tabs are small, can't be closed accidentally and open automatically when you start Firefox.
What is Google PIN code?
Your PIN is a 4- or 5-digit number that identifies you as an authorized Google Fiber customer. … You can create or change your Google Account PIN within your account to take certain actions, like set up a device or make a purchase.
How do I pin a page?
Pinning a Web Page without the Pinterest Pin It ButtonCopy the URL of the page where the image appears. … Click the Add+ button at the top-right corner of the screen. … Click the Add a Pin button. … Paste the URL you copied in Step 1 into the URL field.Click the Find Images button.More items…
Where did my pin tabs go?
Create a new folder in Bookmarks Bar and name it "Pinned". … When I lose everything, including pinned tabs, right click on the "Pinned" folder in Bookmarks bar and select the "Open all bookmarks in new window" option. This will open all the pinned tabs you previously bookmarked, in the same order as before.
Can you lock a tab in Chrome?
Install Lock Tab from Chrome Web Store. … Then click on the blue Lock Tab icon appearing at the end of address bar. Instantly the tab will be locked with a change in the locker icon. A keyword "Locked" will also be added to the page title of the tab.
How do I get my pinned tabs back?
If you closed a pinned tab you can get it back pressing Ctrl + Shift + T altogether inmediatly after it was closed. Alternatively you can also right click a tab and select open previously closed tab.
Why did my Chrome tabs disappear?
It looks as if it doesn't have any tab. It does have a tab though if you drag at the rightmost edge of the browserwindows. … If you then drag again at the rightmost edge of the browser-window, ALL TABS DISAPPEAR. The same thing happen if you restart Google Chrome with a browser-window that is wider than your screen.
How do Tab washers work?


text:
The following three items are common concerns registered with the township office:
- Property Maintenance: high grass, weeds, rubbish, etc.
- Zoning: vehicles without a current state inspection, registration, or license plate on private property.
- Ordinance: animal concerns (such as dogs), noise, etc.
The process for filing a concern is:
- Submit a Resident Concern Form. Click here for the form, or pick one up at the township office.
- Mail or drop off the form, or a written letter, to the attention of Tom Daniels, Zoning Officer, 1240 Maple Avenue, Lancaster, PA 17603, or
- Send your concern by email to Gretchen Smith _EMAIL_ or Tom Daniels _EMAIL_
The concern should include the name, address, and telephone number of the person registering it. The township is not obligated to process anonymous concerns, but will consider them on a case by case basis. Public health and safety issues should be reported under any circumstances.
When a concern is founded, the township office will follow procedure in order to resolve the matter. At times, these procedures can be lengthy. The township will do its best to keep the lines of communication open and resolve the matter as soon as possible.
It's always a good policy to talk with your neighbor first when there is a problem. Most residents prefer to have a neighbor approach them personally instead of receiving an official violation notice from the township.


The Beginnings of the Political Agrarian Movement in Slovenia
A Contribution to the Pre-History of the Establishment of the Independent Agricultural Party
 - Nina Steinbacher Univerza v Mariboru, Filozofska fakulteta
Keywords: Political agrarian movement, Independent Agricultural Party, Slovenian People's Party, Inner Carniola, Goriška region
The article deals with the beginnings of the modern political agrarian movement in Slovenia. Based on the newspaper reports and other relevant sources, the pre-history of the establishment of the Independent Agricultural Party in the newly-formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes is presented. A special emphasis is placed on the developments in Inner Carniola and the Goriška region, where, on the eve of World War I in what was then the Habsburg Monarchy, the first Slovenian agrarian political formations were established.


text:
Kalimantan, Borneo, Indonesia
[mamapas pali] depicting a hornbill soul ship
26.0 (h) x 171.0 (w) x 5.0 (d) cm
National Museum of Ethnology, Leiden
The ship is an ancient recurring image in Southeast Asian art. A powerful symbol of transition, especially from this world to the afterlife, it appears on grave goods and trade items from the Bronze Age until modern times. The earliest coffins discovered across Southeast Asia are boat-shaped. Ships are still found on textiles, mats, sculptures and paintings that symbolise and celebrate the most important transition in a person's life, the journey of the soul to the realm of the ancestors.
In its most overt form, the boat depicts the vehicle in which the spirit of the deceased travels to the other world. Ship imagery is also displayed at other ceremonies of the lifecycle when an individual moves from one social or spiritual state to another, including initiations into adulthood such as tooth-filing, and at weddings.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


innalzarsi a pinnacolo in Arabic
innalzarsi a pinnacolo
(Italian to Arabic translation)
 1+ w
 1+ w
Synonyms of : innalzarsi a pinnacolo
munire di guglie
innalzarsi a pinnacolo
Example sentences of : innalzarsi a pinnacolo
Antonyms of : innalzarsi a pinnacolo
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Home BNN Math Prerequisites for Taking a Data Science Course
Math Prerequisites for Taking a Data Science Course
by Busines Newswire
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Embarking on the journey of data science requires a solid mathematical foundation. Mathematics is the backbone of data science, providing the tools and frameworks needed to analyze data, develop algorithms, and make informed decisions. Understanding the math prerequisites for those considering a data science course in Pune is crucial to ensure a smooth and successful learning experience.
Importance of Mathematics in Data Science
Mathematics is pivotal in data science, underpinning many of the concepts and techniques used in the field. From statistical analysis to machine learning algorithms, math is integral to understanding and solving complex data problems. Enrolling in a data science course in Pune will expose students to various mathematical concepts, making it essential to fully grasp some mathematical regions before starting the course.
Algebra and Linear Algebra
One of the fundamental areas of mathematics required for data science is algebra, particularly linear algebra. Linear algebra studies vectors, vector spaces, and linear transformations, crucial for understanding data structures and algorithms in data science. Matrices, eigenvalues, and eigenvectors are helpful in machine learning algorithms and data processing techniques.
A profound understanding of linear algebra is essential for those planning a data science course in Pune. Many data science algorithms rely heavily on linear algebra, including principal component analysis (PCA) and singular value decomposition (SVD). Therefore, familiarity with these concepts will provide a strong foundation for the advanced topics covered in the course.
Calculus
Calculus is another crucial prerequisite for a data science course, particularly differential and integral calculus. Calculus optimises algorithms, understands variable changes, and models continuous data. In data science, calculus applies to developing and optimising machine learning models.
In a data scientist course, students will encounter calculus in various forms, such as gradient descent algorithms used for training models. A good grasp of derivatives, integrals, and multivariable calculus will help students understand how these algorithms work and how to implement them effectively.
Probability and Statistics
Probability and statistics are the most crucial areas of mathematics for data science. These fields provide the foundation for making inferences about data, understanding distributions, and evaluating the uncertainty of outcomes. Concepts such as statistical significance, probability distributions, hypothesis testing, and Bayesian inference are central to data science.
Enrolling in a data scientist course will require a thorough understanding of probability and statistics. These concepts help interpret data, validate models, and ensure the reliability of results. For instance, understanding statistical significance is vital when determining whether a model's predictions are genuinely helpful or simply due to random chance.
Discrete Mathematics
Discrete mathematics deals with structures that are fundamentally discrete rather than continuous. It includes topics like combinatorics, graph theory, and logic, all relevant to data science. Discrete mathematics is essential for understanding algorithms, data structures, and the theoretical underpinnings of computer science.
Students taking a data scientist course will benefit from the knowledge of discrete mathematics, mainly when working with algorithms and complex data structures. This background will help design and analyze efficient and practical algorithms for large datasets.
Numerical Methods
Numerical methods involve techniques to approximate mathematical operations and solve mathematical problems numerically. These methods are crucial for implementing data science algorithms that could be more solvable analytically. Topics such as numerical integration, root-finding algorithms, and solving differential equations numerically are essential for practical data science applications.
In a data scientist course, students will likely encounter numerical methods when working with large datasets and complex models. Understanding these methods is crucial for effectively implementing algorithms and ensuring accurate results.
Real-World Applications and Problem-Solving
Beyond the theoretical aspects, applying mathematical concepts to real-world problems is a critical component of data science. Translating mathematical theory into practical solutions differentiates influential data scientists. A data science course in Pune will emphasise practical applications, requiring students to apply their mathematical knowledge to solve real data problems.
Preparing for a Data Science Course
Assessing and strengthening mathematical skills is essential for those planning to enroll in a data science course. Preparatory courses in linear algebra, calculus, probability, statistics, and discrete mathematics can provide a strong foundation. Additionally, practicing problem-solving and applying these concepts to data-related problems will enhance your readiness for the course.
Online resources, textbooks, and preparatory classes can be valuable tools for building your math skills. By ensuring you have a solid mathematical foundation, you will be better equipped to tackle the challenges and complexities of data science.
Conclusion
Mathematics is an indispensable part of data science, and a solid mathematical foundation is crucial for anyone considering a data science course in Pune. Understanding algebra, calculus, probability, statistics, discrete mathematics, and numerical methods will provide the necessary tools to succeed in the field. By preparing in these areas, aspiring data scientists can ensure they are well equipped to understand and apply the advanced concepts and techniques they will encounter in their studies and future careers.
Business Name: ExcelR – Data Science, Data Analytics Course Training in Pune
Address: 101 A ,1st Floor, Siddh Icon, Baner Rd, opposite Lane To Royal Enfield Showroom, beside Asian Box Restaurant, Baner, Pune, Maharashtra 411045
Phone Number: 098809 13504


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Porphyry pearl
June 13, 2016
IMG_2972No, the title doesn't refer to that much-maligned sparkling wine of the 1960s (for those old enough to remember it!), but instead to that strikingly colourful waterfowl, the Purple Swamphen, which has the delightful scientific name Porphyrio porphyrio meaning 'Purple Water-hen', originally from the Greek porphuroeis, purple.
A group of these birds can regularly be seen on the roadside on Upper King Parrot Creek Road, just a short distance out of Strath Creek. They are presumably attracted there by the lush watered grass outside 'Callandoon' and have become quite accustomed to passing traffic. But they are also often found along the banks of the King Parrot Creek in the same area.
IMG_2973
The purple swamphen spends much of its time on land, strutting on big feet and long legs, flicking its tail to show the white underneath. It is an accomplished if rather clumsy flyer and doesn't often swim, being essentially a wader in swampy vegetation on the margins of various wetlands. It feeds on soft shoots of water plants, but also small animals such as frogs, snails and reportedly even ducklings – and remarkably, lerps in trees, according to a reference in Where Song Began by Tim Low.
Purple Swamphen

Purple swamphens are common across most of northern and eastern Australia, with a separate sub-species in southwest Western Australia. It is also found as various sub-species in parts of Europe, Africa and Asia.
It emits quite a variety of sounds – brief examples of its calls recorded near Shepparton by Jo Wood from the Goulburn Broken CMA can be heard by clicking on the audio bar below.
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text:
Definition of Glycoprotein
Glycoprotein: A molecule that consists of a carbohydrate plus a protein.
Glycoproteins play essential roles in the body. For instance, in the immune system almost all of the key molecules involved in the immune response are glycoproteins.
A glycopeptide is similar in structure to a glycoprotein but has a shorter chain of amino acids.Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionary
Last Editorial Review: 6/14/2012
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RTX shows bigger calculation difference with CPU than GTX?
I have source codes to solve 2-dimensional shallow water equation using C++ and Cuda 11.2.
I have tested the exe file on GTX970, GTX1080Ti, RTX2070, RTX2080, RTX2080Super.
The results of calculation difference with CPU are as below.
GPU ====> Max. value of calculation result difference with CPU
GTX970 ====> 0.001
GTX1080Ti ====> 0.001
RTX2070 ====> 0.204
RTX2080 ====> 0.261
RTX2080Super ====> 0.221
The question is "Why RTXs have bigger difference than GTXs? "
Are there any build options for RTXs?
I use Visual studio 2019, Cuda Toolkit 11.2, and C++.
I applied sm_52 and compute_52( or sm_75 and compute_75), and "Use Fast Math : false" options.
My PC OS is Windows10 64bit.
Please help me.
calculation difference with CPU
This is not a valid measure of correctness or accuracy.
Since code generation has an architecture-dependent component, on both CPUs and GPUs, numerical differences can result. For example, the compiler may re-arrange code to increase instruction-level parallelism, or apply fusion of FMUL and dependent FADD into an FMA (fused multiply-add) differently, or some math functions may have slightly different accuracy within the stated accuracy bounds.
If you want to assess accuracy, the easiest (but not entirely foolproof) way is to compute reference results in (much) higher precision, then compare against that.
If you merely need the issue to go away, try compiling with -fmad=false. Note: this will in all likelihood decrease both performance and accuracy of the GPU implementation.
Thanks njuffa,
You are right, it is not about accuracy.
So I have changed the title of this issue.
Previous title : RTX shows lower floating point accuracy than GTX?
New title: RTX shows bigger calculation difference with CPU than GTX?
I think its unlikely that anyone can give you a complete answer unless either you provide a complete code example, or someone decides to write a lengthy tutorial for you.
The only "build options" specific to RTX that come to mind are the ones you already mentioned: it's always good practice to compile for the architecture(s) you intend to run on, e.g. compute_75/sm_75 for a cc7.5 GPU.
Here is a brief tutorial. I would say there are two general categories of issues here.
 1. Those arising from machine calculation methods. For example comparing float to double, or with or with FMA contraction, are a couple examples. Such differences can easily give rise to differences in results, whether we are talking about comparing CPU to GPU or some other comparison. In addition, other more complex operations such as sin(), cos(), and other "library" match functions may simply be implemented differently on two different "machines" giving rise to different results.
 2. Those arising from order of operations (algorithm calculation methods). Floating point operations don't always have all the characteristics of basic math operations that we learned about in grade school/middle school. If you compare a serial algorithm/realization to a parallel algorithm/realization, its often the case that the math doesn't get done in exactly the same order. This can give rise to differences. A possible item to read here is this floating point whitepaper
Because the two GPUs you mention generally have different sizes (e.g. differing numbers of SMs, for example) a nice ninja-tuned parallel reduction that scopes out the size of the GPU being run on, then uses e.g. a grid-stride loop to size the grid to match the GPU, and then doing a parallel reduction, will likely give at least slightly different results depending on the GPU it is run on.
I doubt that is actually the issue in your case; I don't know what the issue is in your case. You're welcome to discuss it further, but I'm unlikely to provide any further response unless you provide a short, complete example that demonstrates the issue.
There are many questions on various forums that fit this general description (CPU/GPU differences), here is one example. Yes, I'm aware that one doesn't specifically focus on GPU-GPU differences. Here is one that discusses GPU-GPU results differences, in a general way. I'm sure you can find others.
Thank you, Robert_Crovella
I will review my codes carefully about your comments.
And if I have any positive results, I will let you know.
Thank you, Robert_Crovella.
I have reviewed my codes in detail, and it seems I have found the solution.
The summaries of my review are as follows.
 1. __syncthreads() function acted more strictly in RTX than GTX.
 (e.g. At a __syncthreads() in a "if" statement, RTX was hung but GTX was not.)
 2. GTX was more sensitive on the value of thread per block (TPB).
 When the TPB was changed, the calculation results from GTX were less sensitive than RTX.
 (** My calculation includes iteration process (implicit method).)
 3. When I applied larger value of TPB(e.g. 32, 64, 128, 256, 512), the calculation results from RTX became closer to the results using CPU. I think, this may be, larger TPB can sync more control volumes in a block even though cudaDeviceSynchronize() is not applied.
 (** The control volume is minimum calculation unit when using finite volume method (FVM).)
 4. When I applied TPB as 256 or a larger value to RTXs and 32 to GTXs, the calculation results from all the GPUs were very close to the results using CPU.
 (** In my first posting of May 27, TPB 32 was applied to all RTXs and GTXs.)
Again, thank you for your comments and encouraging.


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SortExec Unary Physical Operator
SortExec is a unary physical operator (that, among other use cases, represents Sort logical operators at execution).
Creating Instance
SortExec takes the following to be created:
SortExec is created when:
Performance Metrics
Key Name (in web UI) Description
peakMemory peak memory
sortTime sort time
spillSize spill size
Executing Physical Operator
doExecute(): RDD[InternalRow]
doExecute...FIXME
doExecute is part of the SparkPlan abstraction.
Radix Sort
SortExec operator uses the spark.sql.sort.enableRadixSort configuration property when creating an UnsafeExternalRowSorter.
BlockingOperatorWithCodegen
SortExec is a BlockingOperatorWithCodegen.
CodegenSupport
SortExec supports Java code generation (indirectly as a BlockingOperatorWithCodegen).
Output Data Ordering Requirements
outputOrdering: Seq[SortOrder]
outputOrdering is the given SortOrder expressions.
outputOrdering is part of the SparkPlan abstraction.
Required Child Output Distribution
requiredChildDistribution: Seq[Distribution]
requiredChildDistribution is a OrderedDistribution (with the SortOrder expressions) with the global flag enabled or a UnspecifiedDistribution.
requiredChildDistribution is part of the SparkPlan abstraction.
Physical Optimizations
OptimizeSkewedJoin
OptimizeSkewedJoin physical optimization is used to optimize skewed SortMergeJoinExecs (with SortExec operators) in Adaptive Query Execution.
RemoveRedundantSorts
SortExec operators can be removed from a physical query plan by RemoveRedundantSorts physical optimization (with spark.sql.execution.removeRedundantSorts enabled).
Creating UnsafeExternalRowSorter
createSorter(): UnsafeExternalRowSorter
createSorter...FIXME
createSorter is used when:
Demo
val q = Seq((0, "zero"), (1, "one")).toDF("id", "name").sort('id)
val qe = q.queryExecution
val logicalPlan = qe.analyzed
scala> println(logicalPlan.numberedTreeString)
00 Sort [id#72 ASC NULLS FIRST], true
01 +- Project [_1#69 AS id#72, _2#70 AS name#73]
02 +- LocalRelation [_1#69, _2#70]
// BasicOperators does the conversion of Sort logical operator to SortExec
val sparkPlan = qe.sparkPlan
scala> println(sparkPlan.numberedTreeString)
00 Sort [id#72 ASC NULLS FIRST], true, 0
01 +- LocalTableScan [id#72, name#73]
// SortExec supports Whole-Stage Code Generation
val executedPlan = qe.executedPlan
scala> println(executedPlan.numberedTreeString)
00 *(1) Sort [id#72 ASC NULLS FIRST], true, 0
01 +- Exchange rangepartitioning(id#72 ASC NULLS FIRST, 200)
02 +- LocalTableScan [id#72, name#73]
import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.SortExec
val sortExec = executedPlan.collect { case se: SortExec => se }.head
assert(sortExec.isInstanceOf[SortExec])
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solid_brush.h File Reference
#include "../drawing_export.h"
#include "brush.h"
#include "color.h"
#include <xtd/iequatable>
Definition
Contains xtd::drawing::solid_brush class.
Go to the source code of this file.
Classes
class xtd::drawing::solid_brush
 Defines a xtd::drawing::brush of a single color. Brushes are used to fill graphics shapes, such as rectangles, ellipses, pies, polygons, and paths. This class cannot be inherited. More...

Namespaces
namespace xtd
 The xtd namespace contains all fundamental classes to access Hardware, Os, System, and more.

namespace xtd::drawing
 The xtd::drawing namespace provides access to GDI+ basic graphics functionality. More advanced functionality is provided in the xtd::drawing::drawing_2d, xtd::drawing::imaging, and xtd::drawing::text namespaces.


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Let $V$ be a finite-dimensional inner product space and let $x,y\in V$ be nonzero vectors. If there is a self-adjoint operator $A:V\rightarrow V$ such that $A(x)=y$ and $\langle A(v),v\rangle\geq0$ for all $v\in V$, then $\langle x,y\rangle>0$.
I think we can conclude the following inequality $$\langle x,y \rangle=\langle x,A(x) \rangle=\langle A^*(x),x \rangle=\langle A(x),x\rangle\geq 0$$
but I'm not able to show that strict inequality holds (or, in other words, that equality is not possible). Can someone give me a hint?
share|improve this question
I added the operator theory tag since the result is true more generally (and can be proved the same way) on a Hilbert space, with $A$ a bounded self-adjoint positive operator. – 1015 Jul 1 '13 at 1:04
1 Answer 1
up vote 1 down vote accepted
Assume for a contradiction that $(x,y)=0$. Then take an orthonormal basis $(e_j)$ of $V$ starting with $$ e_1=\frac{x}{\|x\|}\qquad e_2=\frac{y}{\|y\|}. $$ The matrix $M$ of $A$ in this orthonormal basis must be symmetric semidefinite positive, and it looks like $$ M=\pmatrix{0&t&0\\ t&*&*\\ 0&*&*}\qquad t=\frac{\|y\|}{\|x\|}>0 $$ by blocks, where the first and the second row are the actual first and second rows of $M$, the remaining blocks being of the ad hoc size.
Can you see a contradiction?
Consider the restriction of the quadratic form $(Ax,x)$ to the span of $\{e_1,e_2\}$, whose matrix is the upper-left $2\times 2$ block of $M$. Since the restriction should be semidefinite positive as well, its eigenvalues, whence its determinant $-t^2<0$, must be nonnegative. Contradiction.
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text:
Failla leads Ohio State Discovery Theme – Foods for Health
Food plays a critical role in our health. Mark Failla, faculty emeritus of human nutrition, is interim faculty lead with Ohio State's Discovery Theme focused on the science of using food and nutrition to promote health and prevent disease.
Under the initiative, Failla helps select new faculty, including Rachel Kopec ('12 PhD) an assistant professor of human nutrition. Kopec uses metabolomics technology to understand how different individuals metabolize nutrients and other compounds in foods. Knowledge of these differences will help personalize diets and find novel foods that promote wellness or decrease risk and severity of disease.
Failla also played a critical role in planning the Inaugural Conference on Personalized Food and Nutritional Metabolomics for Health, which was jointly held with the 14th Annual Mass Spectrometry Symposium at Ohio State in May. The event further enhanced collaborative efforts among academic research teams and stimulated the development of strategic partnerships with the food and health industries.
Learn more at Discovery.osu.edu.


text:
Crane motion induces payload oscillation that makes accurate positioning of the payload a challenging task. As the payload size increases, it may be necessary to utilize multiple cranes for better control of the payload position and orientation. However, simultaneously maneuvering multiple cranes to transport a single payload increases the complexity and danger of the operation.
This thesis investigates the dynamics and control of dual-hoist bridge cranes transporting distributed payloads. Insights from this dynamic analysis were used to design input shapers that reduce payload oscillation originating from various crane motions. Also, studies were conducted to investigate the effect input shaping has on the performance of human operators using a dual-hoist bridge crane to transport distributed payloads through an obstacle course. In each study, input-shaping significantly improved the task completion time. Furthermore, input-shaping control greatly decreased operator effort, as measured by the number of button pushes needed to complete a task. These results clearly demonstrate the benefit of input-shaping control on dual-hoist bridge cranes.
In addition, a new system identification method that utilizes input shaping for determining the modal frequencies and relative amplitude contributions of individual modes was developed to aid in the dynamic analysis of dual-hoist bridge cranes, as well as other multi-mode systems. This method uses a new type of input shaper to suppress all but one mode to a low level. The shaper can also be used to bring a small-amplitude mode to light by modifying one of the vibration constraints.


Hen shoots farmer in Monaghan
Published: 7 March 1914
A farmer has died following a bizarre shooting incident at a farmhouse between Ballybay and Castleblaney, Co. Monaghan.
The farmer, Laurence Connolly, was taking out his gun to shoot magpies that had been taking eggs from the hen roosts when a hen ran across him. The gun struck the hen and discharged itself into the body of Mr. Connolly. He died several hours later.
Mr. Connolly had amassed considerable wealth in his youth in America. He married following his return to Ireland but his new wife died suddenly shortly afterwards.
He subsequently lived with his brother and it was at their farm that the incident occurred.
Century Ireland


the geocentric watch concept is the creation of designer geoffry cooper. the idea for this exposed wristwatch is inspired by the motion of the planets orbiting around the sun. the watch face is composed of two rings which are always in motion. the time is told by seeing where the two inner rings are located in respect to the outside ring. the inner most ring is used to represent seconds while the middle ring signifies minutes. the watch has a simple white plastic band that highlights the exposed inner workings of the watch on the face.
geoffry cooper: geocentric watch


Take the 2-minute tour ×
This XML file is named example.xml:
 Environment for UberPortalConf
 This is the description

If I load the example.xml file above using ElementTree and print the root node:
>>> from xml.etree import ElementTree
>>> tree = ElementTree.parse('example.xml')
>>> print tree.getroot()
I see that Element also contains the namespace _URL_
How do I:
 1. Get the foobarportal.version text, increase it by one and write the XML file back while keeping the namespace the document had when loaded and also not change the overall XML layout.
 2. Get it to load using any namespace, not just _URL_ I still don't want to strip the namespace, as I want the XML to stay the same except for changing foobarportal.version as in 1 above.
The current way is not aware of XML but fulfills 1 and 2 above:
 1. Grep for (.*)
 2. Take the contents of the match group and i increase it by one
 3. Write it back.
It would be nice to have an XML aware solution, as it would be more robust. The XML namespace handling of ElementTree is making it more complicated.
share|improve this question
I've tried tree.getroot().find('project') which does not work due to the namespace. After that I am pretty much stuck and the documentation didn't help me. – Deleted Feb 29 '12 at 15:26
Show us the code you have tried, in the question. – Marcin Feb 29 '12 at 15:43
add comment
1 Answer
If your question is simply: "how do I search by a namespaced element name", then the answer is that lxml understands {namespace} syntax, so you can do:
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text:
Risk Terminator provides a framework where Risk analysis can be triggered during User and Role maintenance activities using SU01, SU10 and PFCG directly in the plug-in system.
The Risk Terminator is a service that runs in the SAP ABAP back-end system and triggers automated risk analysis check when defined segregation of duties (SoD) access risks are violated during User or Role maintenance directly in the plug-in system..
Below are the configuration details to configure Risk Terminator.
In GRC system maintain the below configuration settings in the path: SPRO -> IMG -> GRC -> Access Control -> Maintain Configuration Settings
Plug-In System Config
Make sure that below mentioned User Exits exist in the plug-in system in the path: SPRO -> IMG -> GRC (Plug-in) -> Maintain User Exits for Plug-in systems. If they don't exist, create the entries and save them.
In Plug-In system maintain the below configuration settings in the path: SPRO -> IMG -> GRC (Plug-in) -> Maintain Plug-In Configuration Settings.
- Connector Name maintained in Configuration Parameter 1000 in Plug-In system must be same as the connector name maintained in Configuration Parameter 1080 in GRC system.
- GRC Connector name must be maintained in Configuration Parameter 1001 in Plug-In system as shown below.
The Risk Terminator functionality can be applied to different business cases around user maintenance (creation and modification) and role maintenance (creation and modification). To simulate how risk analysis works for role maintenance and user role provisioning, I used below business scenarios. They are based on the configuration settings defined in the GRC system and the Plug-in system.
Risk Terminator Scenarios
Scenario 1: Testing role creation with conflicting Tcodes using PFCG.
Role Name: RT_TEST_ROLE
Tcodes: Conflicting Tcodes have been added as defined in our Rule set
Since the user exit before profile generation is also maintained, you can see from the below screenshot that "Risk Terminator" is triggered as the message shows "Checking for Access Risk Violations".
Risk Violations will be shown as below
Risk Terminator Triggers during role assignment using PFCG as well
Scenario 2: Testing SU01 conflicting role assignment to users.
Before you test scenario 2 make sure to implement the below SAP note in your Plug-In system if your Basis Release is 701 as Risk Terminator is not working for SU01 and SU10.
Followed few SCN links in preparing this blog post.


text:
In this paper, we propose a novel trilateration-based indoor localization method utilizing active control of lighting devices. The proposed method estimates the position of a target for measurement by utilizing a trilateration method based on the distances between the target and lighting devices calculated from the illuminance value obtained by active control. The active control involves turning on lighting devices newly installed in the target area one by one. Our method has three key ideas. The first is to remove the effect of light sources other than the lighting equipment used for localization by utilizing only the difference between the illuminance values obtained before and after turning on each lighting device. The second is to remove the influence of a human shadow by utilizing three lighting devices used for localization selected from four lighting devices newly installed in the target area. The third is to accurately estimate the position of a target by introducing a distance-illuminance model that can calculate the distance between an illuminance sensor and a lighting device accurately. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, we conducted evaluation experiments. It was found that the proposed method can estimate the position of a target with approximately 1 m error on average.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Materials Science(all)


text:
Is your kid scared to visit a salon or a barbershop for a haircut? Well, you can save him from the trouble and even your money, by giving your boy a new hair cut right there at home. Some of the basic haircut styles for boys, usually performed by professionals, can be tried at home also. A sharp pair of scissors, clippers and a comb comprise of the main supplies needed to perform the haircut. Though not a difficult task, cutting boys' hair at home does require you to follow a systematic approach. This is especially applicable when the strands of the hair are too short in length. You need to be very careful while running the clipper through the hair. In order to help you out with the task, we have provided tips on how to cut boys' hair at home, in the lines below.
Image: I Should Be Folding Laundry@flickr
Cutting A Little Boy's Hair
- Guide Comb
- Hair Clippers, with guards
- Comb or Brush
- Sharp Scissors
- Neck Brush
- Hair Stylizing Product - Mousse (optional)
- The hair can be cut either in a standing or in a sitting position. If the boy is too small, ask him to sit on a high chair or stool.
- Wash the hair and towel-dry it lightly.
- Detangle the boy's hair by combing or brushing it.
- Figure out the length for the haircut, by running the guide comb through the hair.
- Start cutting the hair at the base of the hairline. Apply short and even strokes, as you brush the clipper through the hair.
- As you move upwards, make sure that you keep an even pressure on the clipper. The pace should also be steady, so that you do not miss any strand.
- Run the clipper to trace the hairline around the ears. While doing this, fold down the ears in a gentle manner.
- After giving the haircut, take a look at it and make sure that the hair has been cut evenly.
- Run the clipper again, on the missed out areas of the head.
- Trim the hair strands around the hairline, using a sharp pair of scissors.
- Using a razor, trim the hair around the neck.
- Remove the hair trimmings off the face and neck, by sweeping them with a neck brush.
- Comb the hair once again.
- Stylize the hair using mousse.
- Put on some good lights, so as to get the desired lighting.
- If the hair dries in-between the cutting, use a spray mister to dampen it.
- Never ever rush. Take your time to cut your boys' hair.
- To avoid fidgeting, play some calm DVD for your child to watch.
- Visit a barber to ask for tips on how to cut your boys' hair.
- Sharpen your tools and check to see if they are ready to use.
- Ask your child to have a quick shower and shampoo his hair after the cut, to remove all the hair trimmings.
- Hold the scissors away from the head, to prevent any injury, just in case your kid moves suddenly.


JSON to TSV
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How to use JSON to TSV tool?
To convert JSON to TSV (Tab-Separated Values) using a tool, follow these steps:
 1. Access the Tool: Find a JSON to TSV conversion tool online. Many websites offer this service, and there are also libraries available for converting JSON to TSV in various programming languages.
 2. Paste or Upload JSON Data: Copy the JSON data you want to convert and paste it into the input box provided on the tool's website, or upload a JSON file containing the data.
 3. Configure JSON Options (if needed): Some tools may allow you to configure options such as selecting specific fields or formatting options. Configure these options according to your needs.
 4. Convert the JSON to TSV: Click the "Convert" or "Transform" button on the tool. The tool will then convert the JSON data to TSV format.
 5. View the TSV Output: The tool will display the TSV output, which will be the converted TSV representation of the original JSON data.
 6. Copy or Save the TSV Output: Once the JSON data has been converted to TSV, you can copy the TSV output to use it in your application or save it as a TSV file.
JSON to TSV conversion tools are useful for converting JSON data to TSV format, which is commonly used for data storage and exchange in tabular format. TSV is often preferred for its simplicity and compatibility with many spreadsheet programs and databases.
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Vinod G
Founder of ETSPL / BEPPL / Consult Innservices / Cyber Expert
Welcome to my corner of the digital world, where expertise meets insight, and solutions are crafted with precision. As a seasoned blog writer, cyber expert, and advisory consultant, I am dedicated to empowering individuals and businesses to navigate the complexities of the digital realm confidently. With a wealth of experience and a passion for cybersecurity, I am here to guide you through the ever-evolving landscape of cyber threats and technological advancements.


Skip to definition.
Noun: yawl yol
 1. A ship's small boat (usually rowed by 4 or 6 oars)
 - dandy
Verb: yawl yol
 1. Emit long loud cries
 "yawl with sorrow";
 - howl, ululate, wail, roar, yaup
Sounds like: yacks, yawl
Derived forms: yawled, yawling, yawls
Type of: call, cry, holler, hollo [non-standard], sailing ship, sailing vessel, scream, shout, shout out, small boat, squall, yell
Encyclopedia: Yawl


text:
The working temperature of optical transceivers affects all the parameters of optical transceivers. If the ambient temperature of the optical transceiver changes, the operating current of the optical transceiver will vary with temperature. At the same time, the parameters of the optical transceivers change, which affects the normal transmission of optical transceivers. Today, we mainly talk about the causes of too high or too low temperature on optical transceivers and its impact.
What Is the Normal Temperature of Optical transceivers?
Because the type and brand of the optical transceiver are complicated, the temperature of modules corresponding to different optical transceiver temperature levels are different and the temperature specifications defined by the supplier are different, whether the temperature of optical transceivers is abnormal or not needs to be considered according to these factors. Before we use the optical transceiver, it is best to check the vendor's definition of the temperature profile of the optical transceiver so as to reduce the number of problems caused by abnormal optical transceiver temperature.
Optical transceiver temperature mainly includes three levels: commercial grade, extended grade, industrial grade. The following is a detailed description of these three temperatures:
|Temperature Grade||Abbreviation||Temperature Range|
|Commercial temperature range||COM||0 ~ + 70 ℃|
|Extended temperature range||EXT||-20 ~ 85 ℃|
|Industrial temperature range||IND||-40 ~ 85 ℃|
Three Reasons That Affect the Temperature of Optical Transceivers
1. The Poor Quality and Workmanship
If you use the optical transceivers with poor quality and workmanship, then the phenomenon of abnormal temperature of the optical transceivers is more common. Because the function of such optical transceivers is instable, heat dissipation is also relatively poor. In order to reduce the temperature anomaly and unnecessary discard, we advise to use the optical transceivers with better function, quality and workmanship.
2. The Harsh Application Environment
Optical transceiver operating environment is in the data center, computer room or interchanger. If the optical transceivers are used in other environments, the change of the ambient temperature will inevitably change the temperature of the optical transceiver, thereby affecting its optical power and optical sensitivity. If the application environment of optical transceivers is harsh, then we advise to select the optical transceivers with industrial temperature or extended temperature.
3. The Use of Second-hand Optical Transceivers
The temperature of new optical transceivers is usually at 0-70 ° C and many second-hand optical transceivers are inaccessible. And the second-hand optical transceivers cannot operate normally in high-temperature or low-temperature conditions. Therefore, we advocate the use of new optical transceivers.
What Are the Impacts of High or Low Temperature on Optical transceivers?
If the optical transceiver temperature is too high or too low, it will affect the function of the optical transceiver and make the communication data appear faulty. The optical transceivers will alarm if its temperature isn't in the normal range. If the optical transceivers are in a bad situation, interchangers will send data continuously. The optical transceivers will not send / receive data from the beginning until it is recovered to normal operation.
1. The Impact of Too High Temperature on Optical Transceivers:
If the operating temperature of optical transceivers is too high, the optical power of optical transceivers will become larger and the receiving signal will be faulty, and even the optical transceiver will be burned. As a result, the optical transceivers cannot work normally. In this case, DDM function should be added. You can select temperature control system for real-time monitoring and compensation to ensure that the optical transceiver extinction ratio and luminous power stable, to ensure the normal operation of the optical communication system.
2. The Impact of Too Low Temperature on Optical Transceivers:
Generally speaking, as long as optical transceivers are not exposed to the harsh environment below 0℃, the temperature will not be too low. It is better not to use the optical transceiver in the condition of too low temperature, as this may cause the function of the optical transceiver to be unstable.
How about the Temperature of Gigalight's Optical Transceivers?
As one of the most top-rated optical transceiver vendors in China, Gigalight complies with the temperature grade standard that the industry requires, and will meet the customer demand for temperature. In addition, all optical transceivers will undergo a high and low temperature burn-in test prior to shipping to test the temperature to ensure the quality of the products.


text:
The definition of chew means to use teeth to bite, cut through and grind into smaller pieces, or is slang meaning to reprimand someone.(verb)
See chew in Webster's New World College Dictionary
Origin: ME chewen < OE ceowan, to bite, chew < IE base *gjeu-, to chew > Pers ǰavidan, Ger kauen
See chew in American Heritage Dictionary 4
verb chewed, chew·ing, chews verb, transitive
Origin: Middle English cheuen
Origin:, from Old English cēowan.
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I have observed that the same amount of sugar tastes differently in hot and in cold coffee. If I drink hot coffee, I feel I can add more and more sugar, without it tasting too sweet. However, cold coffee tastes overly sweet with only small amounts of sugar.
Why does this happen? Why does sugar taste differently sweet in cold and hot coffee?
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The question is a little ambiguous, but sugar dissolves more readily in hot liquid than in cold liquid, which might explain the effect you describe. – user5561 Mar 16 '12 at 16:17
I have made some edits to your post to make it a bit more understandable. If I had change the original meaning of your question in any way, you can edit it using the edit button found under the question tags. – Jay Mar 16 '12 at 16:25
_USER_, Thank you. That's exactly what I had in mind. – user9368 Mar 16 '12 at 16:34
5 Answers 5
up vote 4 down vote accepted
Its possible that when you drink a hot liquid, you swish it around your mouth a lot less than when you drink a cold liquid, and thus fewer of the taste buds on your tongue are exposed to it. This wouldn't be surprising: it's hot after all.
Another possibility is that if you're starting with hot coffee, and adding sugar to it, that the sugar isn't fully dissolved when you drink it hot (it takes time, especially if you don't stir it much), but has dissolved by the time the coffee cools. With more dissolved sugar, it is sweeter.
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This research paper suggests that, in general, pH, temperature, and ions don't generally significantly affect our perception of sweetness intensity. Since temperature and acidity are the two major differences between iced and hot coffee (depending on preparation), this more or less rules out the possibility of a chemical difference.
"The main finding from this three-part study was that temperature, pH, and ions had little effect on the perceived sweetness intensity of the sweeteners studied. Even when significant differences were found in the temperature study, the effects were very small."
This, to me, suggests it's either due to larger "sips" of cold coffee and more of an opportunity to taste the sweetness or because sugars dissolve less readily in the cold coffee and it's easier to perceive the sweetness when it's not in a solution.
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I suggest the change is in the coffee rather than the sugar. Coffee is more aromatic when hot. When you put the same amount of sugar in a hot and cold cup of coffee, the sweetness will dominate more in the cold coffee where there the coffee taste/aroma is less pronounced.
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Actually, it has nothing to do with the solubility of the sugar. The reason is that fructose (in an aqueous solution) has two different cyclic forms. The Beta-fructopyronose form (6 membered ring form) is much sweeter than the furanose (5 membered ring) analog. At lower r temperatures the equilibrium shifts and more of the pyranose-ring fructose is present (converted from alpha and beta fructofuranose) thus increasing the perception of sweetness.
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This is very interesting. Where can I find more information on it? – J.A.I.L. Dec 13 '12 at 13:41
Cold coffee tastes less bitter than hot coffee. When I was a kid I worked in a bakery. The last pot of coffee was always left for the first bakers, who came in at 3 AM. By the time I got there at 5 AMthe coffee was at least 12 hours old and on a burner for at least a couple of hours.
I found that if you put some of the coffee over ice it tasted OK. My favorite coffee drink today is ice with a couple of shots of espresso. No sugar needed.
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Why does it happen? – J.A.I.L. Dec 16 '12 at 17:22
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text: Deep neural networks (DNNs) are famous for their high prediction accuracy, but they are also known for their black-box nature and poor interpretability. We consider the problem of variable selection, that is, selecting the input variables that have significant predictive power on the output, in DNNs. We propose a backward elimination procedure called SurvNet, which is based on a new measure of variable importance that applies to a wide variety of networks. More importantly, SurvNet is able to estimate and control the false discovery rate of selected variables, while no existing methods provide such a quality control. Further, SurvNet adaptively determines how many variables to eliminate at each step in order to maximize the selection efficiency. To study its validity, SurvNet is applied to image data and gene expression data, as well as various simulation datasets.


text:
Why Commercial Restrooms
Commercial restrooms are likely to be utilized by thousands of people in a day. With so much use there is a high probability of vandalism to the many items within a commercial restroom, costing countless amounts of damage every day.
- Receives regular audits to ensure the facilities and utilities are maintained and graffiti free
- Continuous vandalism to the items within a commercial restroom (mirrors, partitions, urinal tops…etc.)
- Continuously replacing vandalized items


text: © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited.Purpose: This study aims to investigate the evolution of factors that influence the current and future use of video streaming applications by Millennial consumers. Design/methodology/approach: Combining technology acceptance, perceived values and user identity theory this study used factor analysis and multiple regression to examine data from a survey of 292 university undergraduates. Findings: Millennial's current and future use of video streaming services remains driven more by social and emotional values and their effect on identity salience with their choice of content. Ease of use, convenience and monetary value remains less of an influence currently but may become more important in the future with the continued maturity of the industry. Practical implications: The results of this study suggest that video streaming service providers should be developing business models that recognize the increasing importance of emotional appeal and self-identity of their service offerings as the industry matures and competition increases. Originality/value: The research is novel in addressing future video streaming service provision by examining changes in young consumer behaviour over time within a similar sample population and considering the growth and technological advancement of video streaming services. The results are significant in addressing the gap that exists in understanding whether perceived values for technology adoption of the same product or service by millennials change over time and the implications that have for product and service providers.


text:
The Impact of the Chinese Exchange Policy on Foreign Trade
with the European Union
The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of the Chinese foreign exchange policy on foreign trade with the European Union. After describing the importance of the exchange rate in an open economy and some of the methodologies employed to calculate its equilibrium value, we examine whether the Chinese competitiveness is due to the existence of misalignment (undervaluation) of its exchange rate, or rather, to other sources of competitiveness. For this purpose, we use a Vector Error Correction (VEC) model to estimate a long-run exports equation. The empirical results indicate that over the past few years, Chinese exports have benefited from an 'unfair' competitive advantage resulting from the manipulation of its currency value.


text:
Completed access to information requests
Use the link below to find a searchable list of the access to information requests that the Government of Canada, including the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA), has processed. It is not a complete list. It does not include requests that focus on personal information or third-party proprietary information.
In line with the Official Languages Act, we cannot post the actual records disclosed, since they might not be in both official languages.
We will disclose the records in the form that they were released under the Access to Information Act, including format, language(s), and any exemptions or exclusions that were applied at the time of release.
If you would like to make an informal request for a copy of the records released in response to any of these requests, you can do so online using the tool available on the webpage above or by writing to us at the following address:
Access to Information and Privacy (ATIP) Coordinator
Canada Revenue Agency
555 MacKenzie Avenue, 5th Floor
Ottawa ON K1A 0L5
You can also send your request by fax to _PHONE_.
Include your contact information (full name, mailing address, and telephone number) and the file number(s) requested. If you have questions about this process, call our office at _PHONE_ or at _PHONE_.
For details on ways to access information at the CRA, go to Access to information and privacy at the Canada Revenue Agency.
Status of completed request (definitions of dispositions)
These definitions briefly explain the disposition of completed requests:
- No records exist: The request provided enough information to identify the specific information sought but no relevant records were found.
- All disclosed: All the records relevant to the request were disclosed to the requestor (that is, without any exemptions or exclusions).
- Disclosed in part: Only part of the information requested was disclosed because the rest was exempt or excluded or both.
- All exempted: No information was disclosed because all of the information requested qualified for exemption.
- All excluded: No information was disclosed because all of the information requested qualified for exclusion under section 68, 68.1, 68.2, 69, or 69.1 of the Access to Information Act.
- Date modified:


Heartbeat Plugin
Component: ServiceControl Heartbeats
NuGet Package ServiceControl.Plugin.Nsb6.Heartbeat (2.x)
Target NServiceBus Version: 6.x
The following documentation describes deprecated packages ServiceControl.Plugin.Nsb5.Heartbeat and ServiceControl.Plugin.Nsb6.Heartbeat. To learn about the replacement package see NServiceBus.Heartbeat. To learn how to upgrade consult the upgrade guide.
The Heartbeat plugin enables endpoint health monitoring in ServicePulse. It sends heartbeat messages from the endpoint to the ServiceControl queue. These messages are sent every 10 seconds (by default).
An endpoint that is marked for monitoring (by ServicePulse) will be expected to send a heartbeat message within the specified time interval. As long as a monitored endpoint sends heartbeat messages, it is marked as "active". Marking an endpoint as active means it is able to properly and periodically send messages using the endpoint-defined transport.
Note that even if an endpoint is able to send heartbeat messages and it is marked as "active", other failures may occur within the endpoint and its host that may prevent it from performing as expected. For example, the endpoint may not be able to process incoming messages, or it may be able to send messages to the ServiceControl queue but not to another queue. To monitor and get alerts for such cases, develop a custom check using the CustomChecks plugin.
If a heartbeat message is not received by ServiceControl from an endpoint, that endpoint is marked as "inactive".
An inactive endpoint indicates that there is a failure in the communication path between ServiceControl and the monitored endpoint. For example, such failures may be caused by a failure of the endpoint itself, a communication failure in the transport, or when ServiceControl is unable to receive and process the heartbeat messages sent by the endpoint.
It is essential to deploy this plugin to the endpoint in production for ServicePulse to be able to monitor the endpoint.
Deprecated NuGet Packages
The following Heartbeat plugin packages have been deprecated and unlisted. If using one of these versions replace package references to use NServiceBus.Heartbeat.
 - ServiceControl.Plugin.Heartbeat
 - ServiceControl.Plugin.Nsb5.Heartbeat
 - ServiceControl.Plugin.Nsb6.Heartbeat
ServiceControl Queue
Plugins send messages using the defined endpoint transport to ServiceControl. The plugin must be configured with the location of the ServiceControl input queue. This queue is created during the installation of ServiceControl. The queue name is based on the ServiceControl instance name which is visible in the ServiceControl Management utility.
Service Control Instance Name
Configure the ServiceControl queue via code:
var endpointConfiguration = new EndpointConfiguration("myendpoint");
 serviceControlQueue: "ServiceControl_Queue");
Configure the ServiceControl queue via config:

Heartbeat Interval
ServiceControl heartbeats are sent, by the plugin, at a predefined interval of 10 seconds. The interval value can be overridden on a per endpoint basis adding the following application setting to the endpoint configuration file:


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Our industry loves talking about food (honestly, who doesn't?). So, when talking professionally about your product, it's nice to explain the texture and taste on a scale everyone understands. That's why we have Texture Profile Analysis (TPA). It began as a trained sensory panel measuring and describing the textural properties of food. Today, specialized equipment can be used for a more objective and scalable option.
What does texture profile analysis tell you?
TPA helps describe the textural attributes of the food product, which are broken down into different primary categories:
- Hardness: the initial force used to deform
- Cohesiveness: how the item holds together
- Viscosity: flow rate
- Elasticity: the rate at which a deformed item reforms, or its springiness
- Adhesiveness: rate at which item comes away from probe (instrumental) or roof of mouth/teeth
The primary categories can be further broken down into secondary categories:
- Resilience: measurement of how a sample recovers from deformation in relation to speed and forces
- Brittleness (Fracturability): the initial force needed for a material to fracture
- Chewiness: energy required to chew a solid food until it is ready for swallowing
- Gumminess: energy required to disintegrate a semisolid food until it is ready to swallow
Each of these categories can been broken down even further to give a clearer picture of the food. Measurements are made by compressing an item to a set distance and analyzing the force it takes for the item to deform.


text:
Related LinksMore on Afro-Panamanians
Panama: Current reality and key concerns of the Afro-Panamanian population
Interview with Afro-Panamanian community organizer Samuel Samuels.
From the early colonial period Afro-Panamanians have played a significant role in the creation of the republic.
The descendants of the Africans who arrived during the colonial era are intermixed in the general population or are found in majority Afro-Panamanian communities along the Atlantic Coast.
Other Afro-Panamanians are the descendants of later migrants from the Caribbean, who came to work on railroad construction projects, commercial agricultural enterprises, and especially, building the canal.
In an audio interview with Samuel Samuels, member of the Afro-Panamanian umbrella organization, Coordinadora Nacional Organizaciones Negras Panameñas, he discusses themes such as the need for a more accurate census of the current Afro-Panamanian population, as well as the ongoing need for greater social and economic inclusion and increased participation of young people in national political processes.
Running Time: 9min. 22 secs


Sun & clouds behaviour chart as used in schools
Sun and Clouds Behaviour chart is an ideal chart for home so your child can instantly see how they are behaving it also encourages them to stay around the sun and not go in the black cloud.
Supplied with 1 x A4 fully laminated board, 5 x sun strips
To use, just write your childs name on the sun strips using a ball point pen or sharpie, then with blue tac (not supplied) just place the sun strip around the sun, if their behaviour deteriorates move the sun strip in to the grey could and if it continues to get bad into the black also if their behaviour improves move them back into the sun.
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text: The remarkable capability of planarian regeneration is mediated by a group of adult stem cells referred to as neoblasts. Although these cells possess many unique cytological characteristics (e.g. they are X-ray sensitive and contain chromatoid bodies), it has been difficult to isolate them after cell dissociation. This is one of the major reasons why planarian regenerative mechanisms have remained elusive for a long time. Here, we describe a new method to isolate the planarian adult stem cells as X-ray-sensitive cell populations by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Dissociated cells from whole planarians were labeled with fluorescent dyes prior to fractionation by FACS. We compared the FACS profiles from X-ray-irradiated and non-irradiated planarians, and thereby found two cell fractions which contained X-ray-sensitive cells. These fractions, designated X1 and X2, were subjected to electron microscopic morphological analysis. We concluded that X-ray-sensitive cells in both fractions possessed typical stem cell morphology: an ovoid shape with a large nucleus and scant cytoplasm, and chromatoid bodies in the cytoplasm. This method of isolating X-ray-sensitive cells using FACS may provide a key tool for advancing our understanding of the stem cell system in planarians.


text:
Proceedings of The 6th International Conference on Social sciences, Humanities and Education
Economic conditions of Georgian Church and Monasteries in the XI – beginning of the XIII century (based on Historical Documents)
Georgian Church has always been an important player in the political and economic history of the country. Throughout centuries its strength has been based not only on its ideological influence but also its economic strength.
The present paper studies the economic conditions of the Georgian Church based on the surviving historical documents from the XI c. to the beginning of the XIII centuries: "Report by Melkhisedek Catholicos to the Cathedral of Mtskheta ", "Written by the Head Priest St. Nicolao", "Deeds by King George to Georgian Church" and others. Through these documents, we can trace the relationship between the King or a particular feudal lord and the Church, the social circle of church donors, economic status of the feudal lord, the growth of the property of the churches and monasteries, and the complicated relationship between the Church and the State: the Church with its growing wealth striving to be "a state within a state" and the State aiming to gain the support of the Church as the most influential institution and at the same time trying to control this influence. The paper also gives analysis of various kinds of taxes and grants paid to the Church, and the structure of the church property management board.
keywords: Georgian Church, economic history


text:
(by Casual Jay)
"Pielparade" is an Afrikaans colloquial term commonly used by South African military personnel, especially servicemen and veterans of the old South African Defense Force (S.A.D.F.), which has also entered mainstream South African English as slang. The term means 'penis parades' and refers to a range of sexual games or practices in which groups of soldiers participate, supposedly to foster group cohesion. Since pielparade are taboo, and because of the controversial and sensitive nature of the activities of the S.A.D.F. during the final period of the apartheid era, pielparade are rarely written about or openly discussed in public. Pielparade have never been officially sanctioned, and their occurrence largely depended on the predilections of individual section or platoon leaders. Pielparade were also known as 'spanbou speletjies' which translates as 'team building games' or 'geesbou speletjies' ('team spirit-building games'). Apart from promoting group cohesiveness, the games were also meant to be humorous and to entertain the troops.
The most common game is known as 'laërskommel' which literally translates as 'laager milkshake' but means 'circle jerk' which is when a group of men form a circle and masturbate themselves till they ejaculate. During the nineteenth century, the ancestors of the Afrikaners, called Boers, used to create encampments formed by a circle of wagons to protect them from attacks by hostile African tribes or wild animals. These circular encampments were called laagers in Dutch which the Boers spoke at the time but their Dutch eventually evolved into Afrikaans. The Afrikaans word for 'laager' is 'laër'. The 'skommel' or 'milkshake' part of 'laërskommel' refers to male masturbation and semen which may resemble certain milkshakes.
The section or platoon would gather in the section or platoon bungalow or outside and create an area called the 'saadskietbaan'. 'Saad' means 'seed' or 'seeds' but in this context it means 'semen', 'skiet' means 'shoot' and 'baan' means 'shooting range' or 'a range for target practice'. The section or platoon leader would order participants to form a circle or line up in a row behind a line in the 'saadskietbaan'. Soldiers would then place bets on which participants would ejaculate first, last or furthest. Participants were then ordered to strip naked. The 'laërskommel' might be preceded by a 'worswedstryd' (see below) or participants were ordered to perform 'jumping jacks' or 'star jumps' which are a type of physical exercise in which the performer jumps from a standing position with the arms and legs pointing outwards. The purpose of ordering the participants to perform 'jumping jacks' was partly to humiliate them and to humour the onlookers because the participants' penises would inevitably flail up and down or side to side as they jumped. Participants would then proceed to masturbate themselves till they ejaculated. Occasionally, participants would be ordered to stimulate other participants' penises or scrotum. After the last participant had finished ejaculating, the winnings were then distributed.
Other Afrikaans slang words for 'laërskommel' include:
Kraalskommel – a 'kraal' is a traditional African village of huts surrounded by a circular fence or it is a circular enclosure for livestock; 'skommel' means 'milkshake' of which the meaning in this context is explained above.
Kringskommel – a 'kring' is a 'ring' or 'circle'; 'skommel' means 'milkshake' of which the meaning in this context is explained above.
Balskud – a 'bal' is a 'ball' but in this context it means 'testicle' and 'skud' means 'to shake'. The term also occurs in the plural, viz. ballasskud
Saadbomme – 'saad' means 'seed' or 'seeds' but in this context it means 'semen', and 'bomme' means 'bombs'.
Saadkannone – 'saad' means 'seed' or 'seeds' but in this context it means 'semen', and 'kannone' means 'cannons'.
Saadskiet – 'saad' means 'seed' or 'seeds' but in this context it means 'semen', and 'skiet' means 'shoot'.
Saadskietparade – 'saad' means 'seed' or 'seeds' but in this context it means 'semen', 'skiet' means 'shoot' and 'parade' means 'parade'.
Skietpiel – 'skiet' means 'shoot' and 'piel' means 'penis'.
Toltrekparade – 'tol' means 'dick' (i.e. slang for 'penis'), 'trek' means 'pull' and 'parade' means 'parade'
Draadtrekparade – 'draad' means 'wire' but in this context it means 'penis', 'trek' means 'pull' and 'parade' means 'parade'
Tottietrekparade – 'tottie' means 'willy' (i.e. slang for 'penis'), 'trek' means 'pull' and 'parade' means 'parade'.
Other types of pielparade:
This game derives from the Afrikaans words 'wors' which means 'sausage' and 'wedstryd' which means 'match' or 'game'. Participants would take bets to see whose penises were the longest or shortest or thickest, and the money or whatever was being bet would then be distributed to the winners.
This game derives from the Afrikaans words 'hand' which means 'hand' and 'stoot' which means 'push'. Participants would stand naked in a row and thrust their erect penises in their hands till they ejaculated, basically as if they were having sex with their own hands. Bets would be placed on who could ejaculate first, last or the furthest.
This game derives from the Afrikaans words 'olifant' which means 'elephant' and 'loop' which means 'walk'. Participants would be ordered to stand naked in a column. Each soldier would take hold of the penis of the soldier in front of him by putting his hands between the soldier's legs from behind, as well as the penis of the soldier behind him. The participants would then be ordered to walk, to the amusement of the onlookers.
This game derives from the Afrikaans words 'kussing' which means 'cushion' or 'pillow' and 'kannon' which means 'cannon'. Participants would be ordered to strip naked, make their penises erect and then rub them against a pillow or cushion till they ejaculate. As with other pielparade, bets would be placed on which participant would ejaculate first or last or the furthest.
This game derives from the Afrikaans word for 'doll house'. A soldier would bring a woman, usually a prostitute, to the platoon bungalow and have sex with her while other troops watch. Sometimes the woman would be aware and sometimes the woman would be unaware that she was being watched. The troops watching would be ordered to masturbate and ejaculate while watching.
This game derives from the Afrikaans words 'flamink' which means 'flamingo' and 'bomme' which means 'bombs'. Flamingos sleep by balancing on one leg. In this game, participants would be ordered to strip naked and stand on one leg by holding the other leg by the foot behind the back. The participants would then be ordered to masturbate and ejaculate while trying to balance on one leg. The participants had to masturbate with the hand which they did not usually use to masturbate. If the participants failed to maintain their balance, they would be punished with an 'opfok' (literally 'up-fuck', or 'fuck up') which was a series of punishment exercises like push-ups, running, jumping jacks, etc.
This game derives from the Afrikaans words 'swaard' which means 'sword' and 'geweer' which means 'gun' and is also jokingly known as 'penis fencing' or 'sword-fighting'. This game was essentially a form of frottage; direct penis-to-penis contact, in which participants would use their penises as 'swords' in a 'swordfight', which usually involved the competitive element of trying to make the other participant ejaculate first.
This game derives from the Afrikaans words 'jags' which means 'horny' and 'bly' which means 'to remain'. The section or platoon leader would order the soldiers to strip naked and masturbate. The participants would then engage in edging or orgasm control which is a sexual technique that involves a high level of sexual arousal for an extended period of time without reaching orgasm. The competitive aspect of this game would be to see which soldier could continue masturbating the longest without having an orgasm.
Eensame kannon or Lekkende kraan or Kraanspuit
"Eensaam' means 'lonely' and 'kannon' means 'cannon'; 'lekkende' means


Remittent fever
From Biology-Online Dictionary
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remittent fever
A fever pattern in which temperature varies during each 24 hour period, but never reaches normal. Most fevers are remittent and the pattern is not characteristic of any disease, although in the 19th century it was considered a diagnostic term.


text:
About the Project
The City of Abbotsford partnered with the Provincial and Federal governments, through the Building Canada Fund and Transport Canada's Rail Safety Improvement Program, as well as with Southern Railway of British Columbia and Canadian Pacific Railway, to improve traffic congestion and safety as a result of ongoing Highway 11 congestion and railway operations at Vye Road. The subject area extends across the City of Abbotsford and BC Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure ("MOTI") jurisdictions. Key project improvements included:
- The elimination of an at-grade rail crossing intersection for through traffic on Vye Road. This was achieved through a two-lane divided, paved collector road with a 13m wide, 65m long overpass structural crossing, about 8.5m in height, over the Canadian Pacific ("CP") and Southern Railway of British Columbia ("SRY") railways. This road provides unobstructed east-west traffic between Highway 11 and Riverside Road which crosses over 762mm and 1067mm diameter FortisBC Transmission Pipelines that supply a large portion of the Lower Mainland and the Fraser Valley with gas;
- The construction/widening of turn lanes at Highway 11 crossing at Vye Road and 4th Avenue;
- The construction of a 1.3km widening of Highway 11 to extend the centre NEXUS lane from about 300m south of Vye Road to the USA border;
- Safety improvements and the widening of 4th Avenue eastbound lane extending between the at-grade railway crossing to the west of Highway 11. The safety improvements consisted of the construction of concrete curbs and medians, and the installation of various traffic signs and light posts; and,
- The upgrade of various underground utilities including water, sewer and storm mains.
The project was awarded in early 2021 as a Design-Build Project to Eurovia BC who retained EXP Services Inc. ("EXP") for geotechnical, material testing and environmental consulting services.
The major engineering challenges included design elements that addressed high to moderately compressible soils, remediation and management of contaminated soils, groundwater, surface water run-off and waste discharges from neighbouring industrial properties. Ground improvement through surcharge and preload combined with the use of expanded polystyrene foam (light weight fill) was used to limit post-construction settlement of the 8.5m high overpass embankments. Environmental challenges included researching and selecting various commercially available liners with resistance to the chemicals in soil, groundwater, surface water and soil-vapour to determine the most protective and durable liner for the embankment (8.5 m high) comprising of EPS blocks. EXP's team researched various environmental liners which would provide maximum protection for the EPS over the lifetime of the structure. During project construction, archaeological finds shut down the project for an extended period of time along with a flood in the project area in 2021 due to heavy rainfall and water levels in the Sumas River that breached the dyke system. Civil, Geotechnical, Material and Environmental engineers during and after the shutdown ensured that the project design challenges including challenging site conditions were overcome by showing exceptional teamwork and coordination. Engineering design and construction services were provided with a focus on design excellence, exceptional service and timeliness.
The geotechnical and environmental design along with material testing services provided by EXP met the project requirements of both MOTI, City of Abbotsford and Eurovia. The EPS embankment was wrapped successfully with an environmental liner protective of current and future spills of chemicals and adverse site conditions. The enhanced quality and durability requirements of the stakeholders were met and resulted in a significant contribution to the infrastructure improvements in the area.
Environmental – Biological
BA Blacktop Infrastructure
Project Team (Consultants)
Sources Archaeological and Heritage Consultants
McElhanney Engineering Consulting Services Ltd
DMD & Associates Electrical Consultants Ltd.
Project Team (Contractors)
Western Tank and Lining Ltd.
Airfoam Industries Ltd.
Green Acres Ventures Ltd.


text:
Negotiating with Labor Under Financial Distress
We analyze how firms renegotiate labor contracts to extract concessions from labor. While anecdotal evidence suggests that firms tend to renegotiate down wages in times of financial distress, there is no empirical evidence that documents such renegotiation, its determinants, and its magnitude. This paper attempts to fill this gap. Using a unique data set of airlines that includes detailed information on wages and pension plans we document an empirical link between airline financial distress, pension underfunding, and wage concessions.
Document Object Identifier (DOI): 10.3386/w17192
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