Random Thoughts – Randocity!
Is Tesla Innovative?
Posted in botch, business, technologies by commorancy on July 16, 2021
I've been confronted with this very question many times on Social Media, specifically Twitter. Many people who own Tesla vehicles vehemently insistent that Elon Musk and Tesla's products are innovative. But, is Tesla really innovative? In short, no. Let's explore why.
via Oxford Dictionary
As a first step, we need to define the word, innovation. As you can see from its definition from Oxford Dictionary, it is defined as 'a new method, idea, product, etc'.
The difficulty with this definition is that it doesn't go deep enough to explain what the word new actually means in this definition's context. This definition assumes the reader will understand the subtle, but important distinction of using the word 'new' in this definition.
Many people will, unfortunately, conclude that 'new' means 'brand new' as in a 'just manufactured' new model car. Simply because something is brand spankin' new doesn't make it innovative. However, a 'brand new' car model might contain some innovative elements, but the technology behind a car's functional design may not be innovative or new at all… contrary to Oxford's complicated use of the word 'new'. As an example, both random cars in general and specifically electric vehicles are not new. In fact, mass produced cars have been the norm since 1901 and electric cars have been prototyped since the 1830s. While those electric prototypes weren't truly cars in the mass produced sense, they were functional prototypes which showed that the electric vehicle technology is possible, functional and, most importantly, feasible.
You might then be thinking that Tesla was the first to create mass produced electric cars. Again, you'd be wrong. In fact, the first mass produced electric car was General Motor's EV1, produced in 1996. The EV1 appeared 12 years before the first electric vehicle rolled off the assembly line at Tesla… and Tesla's cars appeared 178 years after the first electric car prototype appeared. That's a long time… definitely not 'new'.
Electric vehicle technology was not at all new when Tesla decided to roll out its all electric vehicles. The only claim to fame that Tesla can profess is that they were able to sort-of Apple-ize their car in such a way that it warps the minds of buyers into believing it is 'the best thing since sliced bread'. Ultimately, that defines an excellent sales strategy… what Elon Musk is actually known for.
To Tesla's credit, they were the first viable luxury class vehicle to also claim the electric vehicle moniker. That claim doesn't necessarily make the vehicle innovative. It makes Tesla's sales and marketing team innovative in that they can make electric vehicle technology 'sexy' for the well-to-do crowd. Before Tesla, luxury car brands mostly avoided making electric vehicles. Even then, being able to successfully market and sell a product doesn't make that product innovative. It simply means you're good at selling things.
For example, Steve Jobs was the master at selling Apple products. To be fair, Steve Jobs didn't really have to do much in the way of hard sells. When Jobs was at the helm, many of Apple's early products were indeed innovative. If you need an example of innovation, Steve Jobs's products mostly epitomize it.
Tesla, on the other hand, absconded with several key things to produce its Tesla electric vehicles: 1) Luxury car designs (which already existed), 2) electric vehicles (which already existed) and 3) standard off-the-shelf battery technology (which already existed). None of these three ideas were new in 2008. That Tesla successfully married these things together isn't considered true innovation. It's considered incremental innovation. Taking already existing pieces and putting them together to make a successful 'new' product is common in many industries. This is incremental in that these things already existed and it was only a matter of time before someone put them together in a cohesive way. Is that innovation? No. Why? If Tesla hadn't done it, Mercedes-Benz, Cadillac, Bentley or another luxury brand would have at some point. Though, Tesla's early claim to fame wasn't even luxury, it was sports cars. However, Tesla has dropped the sports car idea in lieu of being a luxury brand.
Product Innovation Types
I'll circle back around to the above, but let's take a break here to understand the two primary types of innovation.
The first type of innovation is breakthrough innovation. This rare type of innovation offers a concept the world has never seen and usually results in a paradigm shift. Example: The Wright Brother's first flight which brought about the paradigm shift into commercial aviation… a whole new industry emerged as a result.
The second type of innovation is incremental innovation. This much more common type of innovation takes existing ideas and marries them into a single new product. Example: The iPhone.
Some might consider both the iPad and the iPhone as breakthrough innovation. Instead, the first Apple computer would be considered breakthrough innovation and ultimately what, in part, lead to the iPhone and iPad. However and to be fair, both the iPad and iPhone products are technically incremental innovation. Prior to the iPad, there had been several tablet style computers (e.g., GRiD and even the Apple Newton) that, for whatever reason, never really took off. Handheld PDAs were actually a form of tablet. Cell phones were very popular long before the iPhone arrived. The iPhone, like the Tesla, successfully married three concepts: a computer, the cell phone and PDA into what became the smartphone.
However, even though incremental, both the iPhone and the iPad were responsible for a technological computing paradigm shift. The primary innovation seen in these devices was not from the marriage of existing technology, but from the speed, size, weight, high res screen and functionality that the devices offered… particularly when combined with the app store and a reasonable price tag. It's much more convenient and fast to grab a tablet to quickly search the web than sitting down at a desk and powering up a desktop computer. It is the internal functions and features and flexibility that set these devices well apart from their earlier computer brethren which offered slower computing experiences at higher prices.
Steve Jobs was a master at miniaturizing computers into much smaller versions with reasonable price tags and which included high end features. This strategy is what set Apple, then NeXT, then Apple again… apart from the rest of their competitors. That was with Steve Jobs at the helm. Since Job's passing, Apple is still attempting to ride Steve Jobs's coattails, but those coattails are getting raggedy at this point. If Apple doesn't come up with something truly breakthrough innovative in the next few years, they're likely to begin losing sales in larger and larger quantities. Even more than this, another upstart company in similar Tesla form will step in front of Apple and usurp the industry. A business cannot keep selling the same devices over and over and expect success to continue. Apple needs another paradigm shift device to keep its success streak going. I digress.
Tesla's Innovation
Circling back around to Tesla, we should now be able to better understand why what Tesla includes in its vehicles, while luxurious and technologically interesting, is nothing actually very new. It's new in the sense of being recently manufactured, yes, but the technology itself is old from an innovation sense. In other words, Tesla had no hand in that technology's development. An example, Tesla's choice to place a large touch screen panel in the middle of the dashboard, while interesting, is simply considered luxury as touch screen flat panels are not technologically new. What about the all electric car itself? It's not new either. Remember the 1830s? Remember the EV1? Not new.
What about the battery that powers the car? That battery technology is not new either. Technologically, it's simply a standard lithium-ion battery built large enough to support operating a motor vehicle. Tesla didn't design that technology either. Tesla might have had a hand in requesting the battery's size, weight and power requirements, but that's not innovation… that's manufacturing requirements. The lithium-ion battery technology was created and produced much, much earlier in the 1980s. In fact, Akira Yoshino holds the 1983 patent for what is effectively the lithium-ion battery technology still being produced today… yes, even what's being used in the Tesla.
You may be asking, "So what is innovative about the Tesla?" That's a good question. Not very much to be honest. The car body's design is at least proprietary, but functionally utilitarian just as most car bodies produced today are. The pop out door handles might be considered somewhat innovative, but these are born out of luxury, not out of necessity. They look cool, but don't really serve a truly functional purpose. In this sense, while the handles might be considered innovative, they're incremental and don't serve a true purpose other than for aesthetics. The same statement of aesthetics can be said of a lot of both the interior and exterior of the Tesla. Functionally, the Tesla vehicles are cars.
The Tesla cars are designed to give the owner a luxury driving experience both inside and out. The all electric drive train helps reinforce that luxury function due to its torque, performance and acceleration power. Even the charging stations were built out of sales necessity, not out of innovation. You can't exactly sell many electric vehicles if you can't charge them easily. The proliferation of the recharge stations was, as I just said, born of necessity. Yes, this infrastructure is important to all future electric vehicles. However, Tesla built them coast to coast to ensure that Tesla owners could at


Home > wiredtopstories > Applying Complex Equations to Curious Phenomena
Applying Complex Equations to Curious Phenomena
January 18th, 2010 01:00 admin Leave a comment Go to comments
Ever wonder why flags flutter? How honey drips? Harvard math professor Lakshminarayanan Mahadevan seeks to explain the mundane details of the world that most people take for granted.
Source: Applying Complex Equations to Curious Phenomena
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Showing all 12 results
Dressing Up Trolleys
Dressing up trolleys are essential in an early years setting. They are perfect for hanging role play clothes or even art aprons and coveralls. Without one children are likely to throw their discarded clothes on the floor. And that does not promote good and tidy housekeeping habits in children.
Children throw themselves into dressing up because it is fun and engaging. Learning to dress up and engage in role play is something they can do on their own or with a friend. Communicating with each other is key and getting encouragement from peers is also inspiring.
It is important children are allowed to express themselves through role play because it encourages creativity and imagination. Are they going to be a princess? Or are they going to be a knight in shining armour? Perhaps they may be a ballerina or a football player? Whilst it is important children have an outlet for their creativity, likewise they need somewhere that clearly defines the imaginative area.
And don't forget the humble Dressing Up Trolley offers more than a place to hang clothes and aprons. For example, many designs come with useful storage and trays. Always handy in a busy early years environment. And the wire mobile cloakroom storage trolley remains a firm favourite with its storage tray and coat hooks.
So dressing up trolleys definitely keep clothes neat and tidy. Yet they denote the area for role play and imaginative play as well.
A reminder of the key benefits:
- inspire creativity and imagination
- provide useful hanging and storage space
- allow dressing up clothes to be kept neat and tidy
- define a specific area within the classroom

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


What Makes a Child Lucky
By Gioia Timpanelli
Norton; 127 pages; $19.95
Like a pot of lentils, Gioia Timpanelli's stories are elemental, simple but filling, and her new novel, "What Makes a Child Lucky," is no exception, teaching the basics of survival in a time of great hardship. Best known for her oral recountings of global folktales on public radio, Timpanelli won the American Book Award in 1999 for "Sometimes the Soul: Two Novellas of Sicily." This time out, she remakes yet another Sicilian fable, weaving a regional fairy tale into a timeless present.
The original fable, which opens "What Makes a Child Lucky," tells of a 13th son, a "lucky" boy named Tridicinu. The youth is envied by his older brothers for his seemingly effortless good fortune. One day, echoing the story of Joseph in the Bible, they cast him out, sending him on an impossible mission to retrieve a set of golden bells kept by a family of ogres beneath their monstrous bed.
In Timpanelli's retelling, her hero's family has fallen on hard times. Famine has struck the land, and the "lucky" youngest (also a Joseph) is basically given to a gang of thieves. These thieves, young Joseph learns, have robbed and murdered his only friend, an honest wine merchant. Still, across Sicily people are starving and at least with the gang he can eat. He can also learn, and during his time with the gang, he is befriended and protected by the wise 'Mmaculata, a strange, strong and silent woman who keeps house for the bandits.
"Keep your young eyes open," this earth mother tells Joseph, showing him by example how to avoid the wrath of the most bloodthirsty of the thieves and, ultimately, how to seize the opportunity to make a better life.
Through her lessons and a bit of supernatural intervention, he survives - and if he doesn't return with the ogres' golden bells, he does get to emerge a hero and, most important, a survivor.
With its touches of magical realism and earthy images, Timpanelli's short novel is almost a fable itself. Told in a self-referential style, with interruptions and repeated refrains, its first-person narration reads as if it were to be recited aloud, ideally by a narrator playing young Joseph.
This voice, colloquial and not highly organized, is at first jarring and a little mannered. Who is the Aunt who interrupts from the very first page? Why is the narrator eulogizing a "flat and uninteresting" land? But with very little patience, the rhythms of Timpanelli's language take hold, allowing the hunger-sating, earthy images (that pot of lentils, the wild greens gathered to allay starvation) to settle in. By the time the narrator starts to describe more abstract ideas, the listener, as we must imagine the reader to be, is hooked. "Hunger is a funny thing," she writes, "for it is personal, even intimate.... It searches you out and becomes the roof over your head, the floor beneath your feet."
Throughout this brief novel, Timpanelli sustains that tension, mixing the abstract moral of her story with its most basic nature, and leavening its rough practicalities with touches of magic. "What happened next I can't completely explain," Timpanelli, through Joseph, says, describing a vision that could have been his late friend - or simply a fortunate wind. "I guess I was lucky that time," Joseph recalls, looking back on his rescue and his role in resolving the story.
But as he has learned from 'Mmaculata, luck often consists of keeping one's eyes open and one's mouth shut, of learning when to act, when to stay still, and when to harvest the wild asparagus on the hillsides. {sbox}


Laravel - Response
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A web application responds to a user's request in many ways depending on many parameters. This chapter explains you in detail about responses in Laravel web applications.
Basic Response
Laravel provides several different ways to return response. Response can be sent either from route or from controller. The basic response that can be sent is simple string as shown in the below sample code. This string will be automatically converted to appropriate HTTP response.
Example
Step 1 − Add the following code to app/Http/routes.php file.
app/Http/routes.php
Route::get('/basic_response', function () {
 return 'Hello World';
});
Step 2Visit the following URL to test the basic response.
http://localhost:8000/basic_response
Step 3 − The output will appear as shown in the following image.
Basic Response
Attaching Headers
The response can be attached to headers using the header() method. We can also attach the series of headers as shown in the below sample code.
return response($content,$status)
 ->header('Content-Type', $type)
 ->header('X-Header-One', 'Header Value')
 ->header('X-Header-Two', 'Header Value');
Example
Observe the following example to understand more about Response −
Step 1 − Add the following code to app/Http/routes.php file.
app/Http/routes.php
Route::get('/header',function() {
 return response("Hello", 200)->header('Content-Type', 'text/html');
});
Step 2 − Visit the following URL to test the basic response.
http://localhost:8000/header
Step 3 − The output will appear as shown in the following image.
Hello
Attaching Cookies
The withcookie() helper method is used to attach cookies. The cookie generated with this method can be attached by calling withcookie() method with response instance. By default, all cookies generated by Laravel are encrypted and signed so that they can't be modified or read by the client.
Example
Observe the following example to understand more about attaching cookies −
Step 1 − Add the following code to app/Http/routes.php file.
app/Http/routes.php
Route::get('/cookie',function() {
 return response("Hello", 200)->header('Content-Type', 'text/html')
 ->withcookie('name','Virat Gandhi');
});
Step 2Visit the following URL to test the basic response.
http://localhost:8000/cookie
Step 3 − The output will appear as shown in the following image.
Hello
JSON Response
JSON response can be sent using the json method. This method will automatically set the Content-Type header to application/json. The json method will automatically convert the array into appropriate json response.
Example
Observe the following example to understand more about JSON Response −
Step 1 − Add the following line in app/Http/routes.php file.
app/Http/routes.php
Route::get('json',function() {
 return response()->json(['name' => 'Virat Gandhi', 'state' => 'Gujarat']);
});
Step 2 − Visit the following URL to test the json response.
http://localhost:8000/json
Step 3 − The output will appear as shown in the following image.
Json Response
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The double escapement action was developed by Sébastien Erard in the 1800's and is now ubiquitous among grand pianos. (Chopin exploited this innovation to its maximum. A perfect example is seen in his 10/7 etude; notice the pattern of double notes in the lower voice of the treble clef).
Yes, that's the effect of the double escape mechanism.
Regarding Chopin however: he preferred to play on Pleyel pianos (as opposite to Liszt e.g.). Pleyel pianos did NOT have the double escapement action that time. That means, it is at least questionable that Chopin eploited this innovation.
However, the Pleyel pianos did have a short keyway, and had a very light action in conjunction with light hammers. Maybe fast repetitions were possible too without that mechanism.
So Chopin e.g. preferred to use the same finger for key repetitions (in opposite to the useage of different fingers, e.g. 4-3-2-4-3-2 and so on), I think that was stated somewhere in the Eigeldinger book "Chopin as seen by his pupils".

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Cylindrical grinding process pdf cylindrical grinding process pdf common cylindrical grinding machine The material was 34CrA16C steel hardened to 50 HR C 38A80KVBE aluminum oxide grinding wheel of 495 mm diameter was used He concludes that there is a possibility of an effective application of artificial intelligence methods to supervise andChat Online
Piece is pre machined with a cylindrical shape and a groove of 10mm 2mm is milled on its surface The sensor inlay is embedded in the groove using epoxy ad hesive The grinding process in which the sensor integrated work piece was used is a cylindrical grinding process In the pro cess the rotating grinding wheel plunges into the surface of.Cylindrical grinding or abrasive machining is the most popular machining process of removing metal from a work piece surface in the form of tiny chips by the action of irregularly shaped abrasive particles In the present study Taguchi method or Design of experiments has been used to optimize the effect of cylindrical grinding parameters such.
Offering surface and cylindrical grinding for an array of intended applications including die work Precision Machine Company Inc works with molds slabs turbine blades and wire form parts We can achieve a maximum surface grinding width of 8 inches and up to 24 inches in length.What is Cylindrical Grinding – Steps in Cylindrical Grinding Grinding is the process of removing metal by the application of abrasives which are bonded to form a rotating wheel When the moving abrasive particles contact the workpiece they act as tiny cutting tools each particle cutting a tiny chip from the workpiece.
Whether precision profile internal or external cylindrical grinding – the PROFIMAT MC is a highly efficient grinding centre for any application This extremely compact traveling column machine offers everything that modern production solutions require with a machine width of just 2000 mm.Download Free PDF Download Free PDF CYLINDRICAL GRINDING TERMINOLOGYThe following terminology is used in the cylindrical grinding process as shown in Fig 1 13 Grinding Speed It is the comparative peripheral angular velocity of the abrasive wheel with respect to the work piece The measurement unit of grinding speed is measured in.
Mized process parameters on machining of EDM using Taguchi method Taguchi method is powerful approach to optimize the process parameter and efficient method over a variety of operating conditions In this study Taguchi based L27 orthogonal array was selected to optimize the cylindrical grinding process parameters for Al SiC composites A.Cylindrical grinding is a process used to finish grind the outside or inside diameter of a cylindrical part Newmax Engineers Dhir Batala Dist Gurdaspur Dhir Road Dhir Batala 143505 Dist Gurdaspur Punjab TrustSEAL Verified Company Video Call +91 _PHONE_.
Grinding is a complex material removal process with a large number of parameters influencing each other In the process the grinding wheel surface contacts the workpiece at high speed and under high pressure The complexity of the process lies in the multiple microscopic interaction modes in the wheel workpiece contact zone including cutting plowing sliding chip workpiece friction chip.Cylindrical OD Grinding 3M Precision Grinding and Finishing Outside diameter (OD) grinding is one of the most common applications in precision grinding This grinding process requires choosing the right grinding wheel specifications for your specific application and machine.
Dec 08 2016 That makes centerless grinding a relatively simple process that's ideal for finishing the outside diameter of small cylindrical metal parts requiring a tight tolerance Centerless grinding is virtually continuous because compared with grinding between centers the loading time is small So long lengths can be ground continuously.Capacity output of cylindrical grinding process peru machine HFC Refrigerants (55) HST Hydraulic Cone CrusherHST series hydraulic cone crusher is combined with technology such as machinery hydraulic pressure electricity automation intelligent control etc representing the most advanced crusher technology in the world.
Whether you specialize in cylindrical grinding gear grinding or another high precision application 3M grinding wheels can help you turn out higher quality parts – faster Learn about 3M expertise across a variety of specialized applications in powertrain bearing cutting tool turbine and.Cylindrical grinding process is used to shape the outer surface of a workpiece Cylindrical grinding process is mostly used to grind the surface of cylindrical object Object will rotate around one axis and the surfaces of object which need to be grinded will be in concentric with that axis around which workpiece will rotate.
Cylindrical plunge grinding process which is a final operation in precision machining suffers from occurrence of chatter vibrations which limits the ability of the grinding process to achieve the desired surface finish Further such vibrations lead to rapid tool wear noise.Surface Grinding Machine is a machine in which a grinding wheel is used as a cutting tool for removing the material from the surface of the workpiece It is also called an abrasive machining process where abrasives are placed on the surface and corners of the grinding wheel so as to do the finishing process with much accuracy.
Grinding 1 1 Grinding and Abrasive Machines 1 1 1 Cylindrical grinder 1 1 1 1 Work between centers This machine is used primarily for grinding cylindrical surfaces although tapered and The manufacture of these wheels is a precise and tightly controlled process due not only to the inherent safety risks of a spinning disc but also.View 8 Grinding Machines ppt from CIVIL ENGI 123 at R V College Of Nursing Bangalore Grinding Machine • Grinding is a metal removal process by the action of a rotating abrasive wheel • An.
In cylindrical grinding the work piece rotates about a fixed axis and the surfaces machined are concentric to that axis of rotation Cylindrical grinding produces an external surface that may be straight tapered or contoured The basic components of a cylindrical grinder include a wheel head which incorporate the.When grinding ring gears the oscillation causes an interruption of the grinding contact which means better cooling lower power consumption • Single rib gear grinding Gear profile grinding is a discontinuous grinding process Contrary to generation grinding profile grinding is machined gap by gap The grinding.
Oct 15 2014 GRINDING PROCESS 6 CLASSIFICATION OF GRINDING MACHINES Grinding machines are classified based on their construction type of surface produced 1 Bench Grinding Machine 2 Surface Grinding Machine 3 Cylindrical Grinding Machine 4 Centerless Grinding Machine 5 Internal Grinding Machine 6 Special Purpose Grinding Machine 7 1.Keywords— Bearing ring grinding process potential failures review paper residual stresses clamping force I INTRODUCTION Cylindrical surface has long been widely utilized in various industries and requirements for precision cylindrical surface have been increasing significantly in.
Process Cylindrical grinding Wheel A46 5 K5 V30W d = 417 mm Workpiece Cast steel HRC 60 62 4 = 18 8 mm Fluid 6 synthetic emulsion Speeds vS=30m s b Increasing depth of cut and removal rate 6C heg = ae vw v 50 I I I I I I I I 10 2 0 30 (nm) 40 Figure 2 Effect of depth of cut and removal rate on specific energy.The two key things to remember with grinding 1 Grit must be harder than the alloy you are grinding 2 Only sharp grit grinds the workpiece The grinding process involves cutting then plowing (i e the wheel plows through the metal) then rubbing at the end of the cut There are three stages of grinding Spark in – The grind wheel does not.
The conventional external cylindrical plunge grinding process is still state of the art in many production environments The fundamental advantage of process experience is at the same time a considerable drawback when it comes to innovation After all conventional grinding has been optimised to a very large extent over the years.Cylindrical grinding can be straight by mounting the workpiece parallel to the grinding wheel Cylindrical grinding can also be curved or steep and can be performed to produce different shapes over the internal grinding has the same phenomenon as cylindrical grinding except that it is for internal rotary parts.
Grinding is an abrasive process that makes chips by ripping away bits of material using a grinding wheel that breaks apart as it removes material Grinding wheels are disc shaped with a hole in the center for attaching the wheel to a rotating spindle ( about grinding wheels in the section below).A) Cylindrical grinders b) Internal grinders c) Surface grinders d) Tool and cutter grinders e) Special grinding machines 7 What is surface grinding Surface grinding is the process of producing and finishing flat surfaces by means of a grinding machine using a revolving abrasive wheel.
Request PDF A study on the vibrations in the external cylindrical grinding process of the alloy steels The vibration during external cylindrical grinding is caused by many factors such as the.Jun 01 2013 Whether the process is cylindrical or profile grinding automation which can increase cycle time throughput consistency of part quality and taking real time in process measurements is once again in demand The reasons can be found in the benefits found in typical applications and the innovative and effective forms of automation available from machine builders like United Grinding.
Focus On Sand And Aggregate Information. Focus On Industry Trends, Focus On Information Value, And Tap Business Opportunities In The Era.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Emission Prediction with Detailed Chemistry 2019-01-2215
Numerical modeling of engine combustion products requires detailed chemistry and therefore large computational resources and time. This becomes a constraint when engine optimization at system level is desired. In this paper, a 1D modeling approach is proposed for fast computation to predict emission level at various engine running conditions. A new chemical solver within 1D framework is developed along with suitable reduced chemical mechanism. The reduced reaction scheme is validated against detailed chemistry on 0D and 1D reactors. It is confirmed that the new fast 1D solver achieves more than 100X speed improvement. Now larger mechanisms can be used for better accuracy with reasonable turnaround time. This methodology allows virtual engine emission map generation, with a refined emission map completed within 12 hours of computational time. When a transient response is considered, the critical first 600 seconds of FTP driving cycle is calculated within 1 hour, based on a reduced fast running 1D model.


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Traveling Luck for Roche Brigandin, French Guiana (general), French Guiana
Where is Roche Brigandin?What's around Roche Brigandin?
Wikipedia near Roche Brigandin
Where to stay near Roche Brigandin
The timezone in Roche Brigandin is America/Cayenne
Sunrise at 06:27 and Sunset at 18:17. It's Dark
Latitude. 5.4500°, Longitude. -53.0000°
Loading map of Roche Brigandin and it's surroudings
Geographic features & Photographs around Roche Brigandin, in French Guiana (general), French Guiana
- a body of running water moving to a lower level in a channel on land.
- Le Sinnamary Fleuve (0km)
- Fleuve Sinnamary (0km)
- Crique Alexandrine (7.5km)
- Crique Toussaint (7.5km)
- Crique Maroc (21.1km)
- Crique Foncine (22.4km)
- Crique Paracou (24.1km)
- Crique Marise (26.8km)
- Crique Jacobin (26.8km)
- Crique Trou Caïmans (26.8km)
- Crique Pont (27km)
- Crique Trou Bâches (27km)
- Crique Café (27km)
- an area dominated by grass vegetation.
- populated place;
- a city, town, village, or other agglomeration of buildings where people live and work.
- conspicuous, isolated rocky masses.
- Roche Corossony (7.5km)
- an open way with improved surface for transportation of animals, people and vehicles.
- Route de Saint-Élie (13.8km)
- a tract of land, smaller than a continent, surrounded by water at high water.
- Îlet Lacour (24.3km)
- a raised roadway across wet ground or shallow water.
- Digue Yiyi (15km)
- a tapering piece of land projecting into a body of water, less prominent than a cape.
- Pointe des Palétuviers (9.4km)
- drainage canal;
- an artificial waterway carrying water away from a wetland or from drainage ditches.
- Canal Philippon (14.2km)
- a place where boats receive or discharge passengers and freight, but lacking most port facilities.
- Dégrad Guédon (18km)
- a coastal indentation between two capes or headlands, larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf.
- Anse Canceler (10.6km)
- tidal creek(s);
- a meandering channel in a coastal wetland subject to bi-directional tidal currents.
- Crique Élisabeth (13.4km)
- a place on land where aircraft land and take off; no facilities provided for the commercial handling of passengers and cargo.
- Sinnamary (19.5km)
Airports close to Roche Brigandin
Rochambeau(CAY), Cayenne, French guyana (180.9km)


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Green Your Sports: Eco-Friendly Skiing
Tip #3: Ski Green
Though skiing isn't the greenest of sports (resorts guzzle freshwater for artificial powder and electricity for lifts), some destinations have opted to use wind power and recycled snow instead. Help green the sport by strapping on eco-skis when hitting the slopes. Grab an old pair from a friend, buy used, or invest in skis from an earth-conscious company. Lokomotiv Skis, for example, plants a tree for every pair they produce, and make their gear from bamboo.
Tell us: How do you green your ski trip?


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Have Vatican archaeologists found the remains of the Apostle Paul?
Pope Benedict announced on Sunday that fragments of bone dating to the first or second century have been discovered in a tomb in the Basilica of St. Paul in Rome.
Tradition holds that Paul was martyred in Rome around A.D. 65 and that his remains are located in the Basilica.
But there was no way of knowing until the discovery of a sarcophagus in 2006.
Archaelogists drilled a tiny hole in the stone coffin and found traces of purple linen cloth and fragments of bone, which have been dated to the time of Paul's life.


text: Initial position and magnet polarity estimation is required for smooth start-up of permanent magnet synchronous machines. The signal-to-noise ratio of the salient signals used for initial position and magnet polarity estimation depends on the machine design and affects the overall performance of the estimation technique. This paper investigates the design of a ring-magnet, surface permanent magnet synchronous machine to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio of the position and polarity signals without compromising the machine performance. Since the rotor geometry is fixed given the ring-magnet, the effect of the stator tooth tip geometry on the saliency signals is evaluated using finite element analysis. By adding a bridge between the stator teeth, the magnitude of the polarity-based signal can be increased significantly. A coupled simulation verifies the implementation of the improved initial position and magnet polarity estimation based on modified machine design.


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- Student DWIVEDI DRISHTI KANCHAN SUSHMA
- Code PUI22110
- Faculty Planning
- Tutor/s Saswat Bandyopadhyay,Gargi Mishra
- TA Nirali Shah
The pilot is a part of the City Infrastructure Plan for Ujjain which aims to establish a Tertiary Water Treatment Plant in Ujjain to optimize the reuse of treated wastewater and reduce dependence on freshwater resources. It seeks to promote sustainable water management and build a water-positive future for Ujjain by providing safe and effective treated wastewater for non-potable uses.


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MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF WATER RESOURCE SYSTEMS
Donka Shopova, Igor Niagolov
Pages: 404-412 Published: 28 May 2015
Views: 2,822 Downloads: 711
Abstract: This paper explores the performance of the water resource systems located in the Tundja River basin, Bulgaria. It includes multiple water intakes and two large reservoirs with complex purpose. The reservoir cascade "Koprinka" -"Jrebchevo" is used to regulate the water in the basin of the Tundja River and contribute to the increasing complexity of water allocation and implementation of rational use of water resources. The goal of this paper is to test the impact of various transferred water amounts to the Stara Zagora irrigation fields on the satisfaction of water consumers with irrigation water from the reservoir "Jrebchevo". Summarized research of the influence of water amounts supplied through HPP "Stara Zagora" on irrigation from reservoir "Jrebchevo".
Keywords: complex water resource systems, water resource management, decision support system
Cite this article: Donka Shopova, Igor Niagolov. MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF WATER RESOURCE SYSTEMS. Journal of International Scientific Publications: Ecology & Safety 9, 404-412 (2015). _URL_


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Director of cultural events profile
Position: Director of Cultural Events
The duties of the Cultural Events Director of the Committee
The Cultural Events Director in charge will have to fulfill the following tasks.
1. The tasks:
what are the main tasks?
Promote the disciplines and culture of the European Social Sport Coach program, through the network of regional managers of cultural events.
To this end, it draws up, implements and implements the Annual Calendar of cultural events (Summer Campus, Martial Arts Cruise, Themed Educational Conventions, Technical Seminars, etc.) and the marketing plans useful for this purpose. In particular, it uses UPKL projects to award municipalities with the European City Plaque for Human Rights Education and HR + So funded by Erasmus +.
He develops the network and coordinates and motivates the Team of Regional Managers entrusted to him to achieve the cultural objectives of the Committees.
Collaborate with the School and Municipal Relations Director to promote UPKL programs.
2. Hierarchy between tasks: how important are the individual tasks?
3. Define the objectives: what objectives must the manager of the offered position achieve?
The Director of Cultural Events together with the Secretary General and Vice President elaborates the annual quantitative and qualitative objectives. The achievement of the objectives is verified on a quarterly basis.
The ideally desired criteria
In order to optimally fill the role, the ideal candidate possesses the following requirements
- Formal requirements:
school / academic training, high school diploma, degree in pedagogical disciplines, humanities or physical education. Sports certificates attesting high professionalism, if coming from martial arts, technical graduation equal to or higher than 4 ° Dan 10 years of work experience in managerial positions, preferably in institutional or public employment contexts.
- Specialist requirements:
skills, specific knowledge: knowledge of English or French at B2 level.
Computer skills and good skills in using Office, Joomla, Moodle packages in addition to the use of videoconferencing platforms.
- Social and managerial skills:
The ideal candidate is capable of managing leadership, uses a method of risk analysis and assessment, listens and compares with collaborators, colleagues and superiors to make autonomous decisions required by the role. He manages stress with excellent resilience skills and knows how to create friendly environments with a high level of professionalism.
- Methodical skills:
The ideal candidate is capable of organizing and structuring his or her collaborators' work, thinks strategically by analyzing scenarios, is able to adapt tactics to implement plans by adapting to adverse events or changed operating conditions, has excellent communication skills.
Self-assessment of the candidate with reference to the requisites required
Before sending the CV, the Candidate should process the self-assessment of her profile by attributing the right weight to her skills and competences on a scale of 1 to 6 points; where the values correspond to:
1) "absent requirement"
2) "Requirement to be improved"
3) "Sufficient requirement"
4) "Good requirement"
5) "Excellent requirement"
6) "Absolute strength that distinguishes the CV application".
To answer the self-assessment questions, it can help you weigh the various criteria correctly. For example, ask yourself how necessary a certain requirement really is in order to perform the required tasks optimally. Or evaluate if
- Would the exclusion of a competence or capacity have repercussions on the proper functioning of the Committee, of the Office assigned to you or on the satisfaction of users and collaborators?
- Could colleagues / co-workers compensate for the absence of those skills or deficient skills?
- Which of the required skills could be acquired later with ease and which with difficulty (for example through work experience or with specific training)?
- Are you willing to take the time to optimally learn / develop the skills you lack?


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The type specimen for Thalassocnus natans is a skull, lower jawbone (mandible) and partial skeleton. It was found in the Pisco Formation in sediments that dated to the Montehermosan age of the Miocene Epoch (~6 mya) (McDonald and de Muizon 2002)
- McDonald, H. G., and C. de Muizon. 2002. The cranial anatomy of Thalassocnus (Xenarthra, Mammalia), a derived nothrothere from the Neogene of the Pisco Formation (Peru). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22:349-365.
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Life in Caldwell in 1837-41, The Cleveland Years – Quiz
Life in Caldwell in 1837-41, The Cleveland Years
 1. How many people lived in Caldwell in 1840?
 2. 2000 b. 1436 c. 988 d. 250 e. 486
 1. Who else lived in Caldwell?
 2. Dutch Americans b. native Americans c. black Americans d. German Americans e. Irish Americans f. Asian Americans g. Hispanic Americans f Hawaiian Americans
 1. Who else lived in Caldwell?
 2. rabbits b. bears c. raccoons d. deer e. mountain lions f. foxes g. rats h. groundhogs i. squirrels j. moles k. bats, l. muskrats, m. minks n. opossums o. porcupines
 1. Where were stray domesticated animals kept until their owners picked them up?
 1. Each mature sheep today gives us about 30 lbs. Of wool. How many lbs did they give Caldwell farmers the 1830-40's?
 1. Why did Caldwell farmers and drovers like oxen so much?
 1. Grover's home in the old manse lacked which features?
 2. running water b. central heating c. electricity d. bathroom and toilet e. stove f. refrigerator g. washing machine h. screens i.telephone j. vacuum cleaner k. kerosene lamp.
 1. Which local social services did Caldwell have in 1840?
 2. police force b. fire department c. militia d. bank e. poor house f. hospital g. library h. board of health i. mayor and council j. sewer plant l. public school system
 1. What is a tannery?
 2. beach club b. leather factory c. paint store d. tea salon e. bakery
 1. What diseases did Caldwell residents have vaccinations for?
 2. small pox b. measles c. Whooping cough d. diphtheria e. tuberculosis g. cholera g. typhoid
 3. fever h. influenza i. tetnus j. polio k. malaria l. German measles
Life in Caldwell in the 1830-40s The Answers!
 1. 250 people, Caldwell included then all the surrounding towns as well.
 1. Hawaiian Americans are not recorded and the last names in the census suggest they were not present.
 1. Mountain lion; the last one was killed on Roseland Avenue in 1832. Almost all the predatory animals were hunted out and killed by the farmers to protect their live stock.
 1. Stray domestic animals were kept on the Green, now the corner of Roseland and Bloomfield Avenue. Until the 1870s domestic animals were fenced out of farms and gardens and not fenced in to pastures and farms and ranches. Most animals came home to be milked and fed.
 1. About 9 lbs for a mature ram; modern animal husbandry began in the 18th century without understanding genetics, just careful examination and selection of characteristics. Sheep doubled in weight on average from 1740-1840s. Also, crop rotation with winter crops, allowing animals to graze and fertilize the fields but not let them lie fallow every third year, meant that there was food for the animals all winter long (and for people), so all the animals did not have to be slaughtered each fall and could grow bigger and heavier (and wooly).
 1. Oxen, unlike horses, have cloven feet. Cloven feet meant they could walk on rocky ground without splitting their hooves and had good traction. Have you ever tried to dig a hole in Caldwell? Oxen can also walk at a steady pace for longer distances pulling their loads. Oxen do not, however, back up and need a wide space to turn around.
 1. Grover's mom and servant had none of those aides. Stoves to burn wood for cooking were invented by Benj. Thompson in 1833; improved and produced in 1834 by Philo Stewart (the Oberlin Stove) but were expensive and not readily available until a decade later. Kerosene lamps became available after kerosene was discovered in the 1850s.
 1. None of those services except the militia. Caldwell was incorporated in 1892; before the services if they existed were provided by the county or the larger Caldwell.
 1. Tanneries were "factories" where animal skims were treated to produce leather. The Caldwells had many trees to provide the bark, animals their hides, and seasonal labor. Tanneries tan hides by soaking the flesh off with acids made from tree bark. They stank. Tanneries were not permitted in cities whenever possible, the beginning of public health laws.
 1. Only one, smallpox. That vaccination was achieved by giving a person a mild case of cow pox. Jenner, the early advocate for small pox vaccination, was born in 1749 and died in 1796. There was no knowledge of germs just what appeared to be a better protection from the disease among workers with cows. Any large gathering of people, without social distancing, makes spreading disease easier. For example, Washington almost lost the continental army to smallpox; he made the army be vaccinated while in Morristown. During the Civil War Lincoln caught smallpox; the Confederate army was plagued with malaria and the Union army with measles. They were all deadly diseases at that time. Smallpox is the only one now very rarely experienced.
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A sewage pipe is the most expensive item in the sewage system.
The cost of the pipe, which is the only one in the water system, is almost twice as much as the cost of any other item in it, and that includes everything from sewer lines to water treatment plants.
So far, more than $1 billion in capital costs have been spent on sewer pipes, compared with $7 billion for the entire water system.
But that is a very small fraction of the total cost of a sewer system.
So the question is: Why do so many pipes cost so much?
The answer is simple.
The pipes are expensive because they are designed to operate only when water is being discharged.
Water is pumped into the system from a sewer, which then passes through a pipe and into the sewer pipe, where it is pumped back into the water supply.
That water is then sent to the power plants, which discharge the water into the sea.
The system can use about 5.7 million litres of water per day, according to the Australian Energy Market Operator.
So if the system used only 1,000 litres per day of water, the cost would be $2.8 billion.
This means the pipe costs $2,800 per litre, or about 1.7 times the cost.
The costs are rising faster than the supply of water.
The average annual cost of supplying water to the state's wastewater system, according a report by the Australian Water Utilities Association, is $1.4 billion.
It is estimated that by 2030 the cost to the WA Government of maintaining a water system at peak demand will increase by about 70 per cent, to $1,750 per year.
The report estimated the annual cost for the system to be $1 million per year and that, in 2050, the system would cost $2 million per annum.
That is more than double the cost per litrel that is being charged to the Government.
Water and sewer bills are increasing at a rate that is not sustainable, says Dr Chris Brown, director of the Water and Wastewater Institute at Monash University.
"You're going to need to make some changes to the way we do things to ensure we are meeting our water needs in the long term," he said.
The average cost per year for a new sewer pipe is $6,600. "
The longer you wait for that water to come in, the more money you'll lose in the longer term."
The average cost per year for a new sewer pipe is $6,600.
That does not include any capital costs, such as piping and fixtures, that are added as a by-product of the construction process.
This can add $5,000 to the average cost of an existing sewer pipe.
That adds up to about $10,000 per year to the cost, or $1 for every $100 litres of wastewater pumped out of the system.
In total, there is about $200 million in capital investment required every year to maintain the system in its current state, and $800 million in annual interest costs.
If all of that was paid back, it would cost WA taxpayers about $2 billion.
But it will not be.
That money is needed to pay for the pipes, which are a huge investment in terms of money, energy, and manpower.
So there are two parts to this equation.
First, the sewer system is expensive.
The water that enters the system is pumped from the septic system into the basin, and then into the treatment plants that process the wastewater.
It takes a lot of water to process the sewage, so the cost is high.
Second, the pipes themselves are also expensive.
They have to be designed to work when water comes in from a sewage pipe.
The first part of that equation is simple: pipes need to be able to function when the water is not being discharged, but it is also complicated because the water needs to be pumped into and out of those pipes.
That process of pumping water is called "sewage."
Water from septic systems must be diverted into a treatment plant, which uses a process called "treatment" to remove the wastewater from the system before it can be sent to power plants for treatment.
The process takes about two weeks.
This is how the system works.
A treatment plant sends a stream of wastewater to a treatment pond.
Water from the treatment pond is pumped to the treatment plant.
The treatment plant then sends a pipe that carries the wastewater back to the seaport.
When the treatment process is complete, the water from the treated wastewater is pumped out the treatment ponds.
The wastewater is sent back to treatment plants to be treated.
The entire system works by pumping the wastewater into a system.
This process is called sewage treatment.
It requires pumping water from an aquifer, which collects and cleans the wastewater before it is sent


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Big Sioux Water Quality Impact Study
The Big Sioux Water Quality Impact Study will determine the impact of water quality changes in the Big Sioux River on public water supply wellfields in the Big Sioux aquifer. The objectives of this study are to:
- Quantify contribution of river to select wellfields in the upper Big Sioux River watershed.
- Determine potential path of chemical constituents from the river to wellfields.
- Determine chemical constituent concentration gradients between the river and the wellfield.
Tasks in progress include installing observation wells between the river and the wellfields, conducting aquifer tests, determining water quality patterns in the aquifer, and building ground water and geochemical models to simulate the system under different conditions.


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Sports for Peace - Example: Sports for Peace Programme in Mindanao, Philippines
The concept of Sports for Peace was introduced to the Island of Mindanao, Philippines as an alternative approach to conflict transformation and peace building by the GTZ supported "Poverty Reduction and Conflict Transformation" (PRCT) Project team. It was tested in four regions in Mindanao.
After selecting the schools, the next step involved training the teachers for them to become effective trainers. The trainers/teachers were introduced to conflict sensitive approaches of dealing with the ongoing conflict. At the same time they were prepared for their assigned tasks in the Sports for Peace event. The whole team including the teachers/trainers involved in the preparation for the event embarked on developing peaceful and open atmosphere so that the students would feel comfortable and could concentrate on the programme. During the Sports for Peace programme, in preparation and for the actual sports event, the following steps were followed:
This step was the last one where the team got actively involved in. Here the students were able to show what they had learned during prior sessions and to act accordingly. The PRCT team had organized all materials required for the games including: different colored t-shirts as well as the awards for the various teams, which pictured the symbol of peace: a flying dove.
Figure 1: A step-by-step approach
Important for the success of the event is that all of the above steps depicted in figure 1 are needed for a successful Sports for Peace event. Each step builds upon each other.
Detailed activities for a Sports for Peace event
The activities which form part of each step were further sub-divided according to the age, mental and physical fitness as well as with a view to the expected outcome that should be reached by the activity. While the stepwise approach proved successful for the events organised by PRCT, they should not be treated as a value-print. The steps need to be adapted and modified according to the individual settings.
Photo 1 & 2: Adapting Sports for Peace for individual settings
Step I: Preparation, Administration and Management
Proper preparation, management and administration are important in ensuring the smooth implementation of the Sports for Peace event. If any rules are needed for managing the event these more often than not depend upon the persons responsible for the event as well as the general "management" or "organizational" culture of the community where the event is taking place.
Photo 3: There is no substitute for a good plan!
Step II: Looking Back to the Past to Find Peace
What also proved important was to present and discuss with the participants the the historical perspective of Mindanao and it various conflicts. This was necessary in order to enable participants to grasp the complexities and nature of the conflicts that have made peace so elusive. At the same time it was also necessary to discuss the different peace building and conflict transformation initiatives that had been undertaken, highlighting the success and lessons-learnt.
Activity 1: Description of the region in Mindanao where the Sports for Peace took place in
Photo 4: Learning about the history of Mindanao from each other
Step III: Peace Concept and Culture of Peace
Step III involved four modules. These were aimed at providing the participants with a broader orientation on peace concepts and pedagogical principles while developing positive values and attitudes necessary for both personal and societal transformation. The modules were developed using structured learning exercises (SLEs) and other participatory and creative activities that can be done either in classrooms or outdoor settings. The age bracket of participants was considered in developing the activities. Hence, the participants were grouped into three age brackets: 6-8, 9-11, and 12-15 years of age.
Module 1: Peace concept and activities
Activity 1: "Peace awareness"
Module 2: Personal peace
Personal Peace refers to the harmonious relationship with oneself, with others, with the natural environment, and with God, Allah or one Supreme Being. The issue of personal peace is very basic: unless a person is peaceful, nothing is peaceful to him or to her.
Module 3: Children's rights
The Convention on the Rights of a Child defines a child as a person under 18 years old, unless under the law applicable to the child the age of majority is attained earlier. While the Convention on the Rights of the Child recognizes 18 years as the upper age limit for children, it permits governments a degree of flexibility by adding the clause "age of majority".
At the end of the session or activity, the participants were able to:
Activity 1: "Picture identification"
Photo 5: Learning about their rights
Module 4: Cultural solidarity
Inter-cultural conflict and issues play a vital role in obstructing peace at the regional and national levels. It is important to realize that cultural solidarity is essential and highly desirable for peace. The cultural conflicts that are plaguing Mindanao must be resolved through non-violent strategies. The tasks of the concept were to have the people understand the different cultural values and traditions within Mindanao.
Activity 1: "Picture analysis I"
Step IV: Sports core values
The Sports for Peace programme in Mindanao aimed to inculcate sports three core values among children and youth through the process of playing:
"The marble/stone theory"
Step V: The actual sport events
The four sports chosen for the Sports for Peace programs in Mindanao — basketball, volleyball, baseball and football — were team sports that are based on popularity in the localities this concept was applied in. They are also played by both boys and girls and in mixed teams. However, other sports might be organized as long as they are intended at promoting peace and solidarity, teamwork and socialization while establishing the basic foundation of the core values of sports. The sports should likewise recognize individual talent and skills.
The sports event was the highlight of the Sports for Peace activity wherein the participating students were able to "live" the concepts and culture of peace they had learned. In the sports event, the concept, objectives and guidelines for Sports for Peace as well as the roles of all participants were discussed as these provided the bases of the evaluation and rating after the games have been played.
2. Preparatory discussions and workshops
As preparatory activities before the conduct of the games, discussions and workshops were organized to fully explain to all participants the concept and objectives of Sports for Peace.
3. The different team sports
In this section the sports requirements and rules for each sport were the main focus. Preparations before the Sports for Peace event provided exact information about e.g. the size of the field, the number of participants, the rules of the games and some simple examples on tactics. The descriptions used are those general procedures and rules known all over the world. While these general rules were applied, it was sometimes good to simplify the rules to make the sports more applicable to the students.
4. Roles of major stakeholders
There were different stakeholders involved in the Sports for Peace events and they had different roles. An important role is that of the resource person. The resource person is responsible for the overall programme and therefore needs to fully understand the whole process. The following roles proved important for the success of the Sports for Peace Events in Mindanao:
Photo 6: Involving different stakeholders and learning from the "wise-elders"
Throughout the whole process the sustainability of the different events was monitored by the PRCT team on a daily basis. Regular feedback sessions helped to continually improve the events and include the community and students in the set up of the Sports for Peace occasions. At the end of each event the team evaluated the entire process, and noted changes and improvements to be made for the next Sports for Peace event.
Photo 7: Regular feed-back sessions helped to improve the Sports for Peace events
Whether the concept of Sports for Peace proves to be a sustainable conflict transformation/peace building approach in the context of Mindanao cannot be assessed at this point in time as the number of events carried out (nine in total over two year period of time) is not sufficient as it takes a longer period to achieve a significant change of
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Why does glass bending machine use electric cartridge heater?
- Sep 02, 2020-
Why does glass bending machine use electric cartridge heater?
As we all know, the working environment of glass bending machine is embedded dry burning working environment, so this kind of heating method can only be well heated by electric cartridge heater. Then what factors effect the quality of electric cartridge heater?
In industrial production, The electric cartridge heater of 3D glass bending machine belongs to high surface load electric cartridge heater, so the high surface load of electric cartridge heater directly determines the material selection of other tubes. The imported high temperature magnesia powder is used for internal insulation to increase its insulation performance. At the same time, the lead wire is made of nickel stranded wire with ceramic beads, high temperature resistant lead and wiring mode It is better to use the inner lead because the temperature of the outer lead is not high and the surface load is low.
cartridge heater for 3D Glass bending
What are the processing procedures of electric cartridge heater? The processing procedure of the electric cartridge heater is as follows: the electric cartridge heater refers to the metal tubular single head heating pipe, and then the spring electric heating wire is put into the metal protective sleeve, and the gap part is evenly filled with modified oxide powder with good thermal conductivity and insulation. After the pipe is shrunk by the pipe shrinking machine, the electric heating wire is insulated from the air, and the central position does not deviate and touch the pipe wall Annealing, bending, welding fasteners and other processes.
The electric cartridge heater for 3D glass bending machine can meet the service temperature of 3D glass bending machine, and the heating pipe of 3D glass bending machine can be heated to 950 ℃, and the temperature of heating mold is uniform and stable, and the temperature difference is small. The thermal leakage current of single head electric heating tube is less than or equal to 1mA, and we know that the service life of electric cartridge heater is relatively long.
If you want to make the electric cartridge heatere of 3D glass hot bending machine use longer, you can only work on the material:
The electric cartridge heater of 3D glass bending machine is made of heating wire imported from Germany, high-temperature magnesium oxide powder with insulation and heat conduction customized from Germany, and seamless 800 pipe imported from Japan, with a service life of 9600h.
Moreover, the lead-out wires of the electric heating tube of the 3D glass bending machine are all of the quality leads: pure nickel high-temperature resistant wire imported from Germany.


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BAL in the News
In 2015, a BAL learning initiative focused on the importance of racial diversity in the classroom was featured on WNYC:
The American School Counselor Association recommends a counselor-student ratio of 1:250. But the students are in impoverished districts, and many have been affected by the trauma that comes with living in neighborhoods with high crime rates, gang activity or unstable housing situations. Listen to the feature on WNYC below to hear our principal discuss the importance of this guidance.
"We have someone every year of the way through high school who's going to be able to make sure a kid is tuned in and focused on the academic prowess that's going to allow them to access college and careers," said Cardet-Hernandez.


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Moriah Jadea is a well-known actor, influencer, TV personality, reality star, and social media personality from Orlando, Florida, United States. She gained fame through her participation in the reality show The Challenge season 38. In this article, we will explore Moriah's age, family background, and career, as well as her net worth.
- Moriah Jadea is a popular TV personality and influencer.
- She rose to fame through her appearance on The Challenge.
- We will delve into Moriah's age, family background, and career.
- Her net worth and personal life will also be discussed.
- Stay tuned for fascinating insights into Moriah's journey and accomplishments.
Moriah Jadea Biography, Age & Nationality
Moriah Jadea, a prominent figure in the entertainment industry, was born on April 6, 1996, in Orlando, Florida, United States. Turning 26 in 2022, Moriah's youthful energy and talent have garnered her a substantial fan base.
Being an American citizen, Moriah takes pride in her nationality and represents the diversity of her country. Her Caucasian ethnic background has shaped her perspective and provided her with unique experiences throughout her life.
Early on, Moriah demonstrated exceptional academic capabilities and engaged in various activities, giving her a well-rounded upbringing. Her commitment to excellence and her willingness to explore new horizons have paved the way for her success in the entertainment industry.
Moriah Jadea Education
Moriah Jadea's educational journey began at a private school in her hometown. During her early years, she received a comprehensive education, laying the foundation for her future success. After completing her high school education with excellent grades, Moriah went on to pursue higher studies at a reputed college.
Although specific details about Moriah's college degrees and courses have not been disclosed, her educational background showcases her dedication and commitment to learning. With a well-rounded education, Moriah Jadea has gained valuable knowledge and skills that have contributed to her personal and professional growth.
Through her educational experiences, Moriah has developed a strong academic foundation, allowing her to excel in various aspects of her career. Her education has equipped her with the necessary tools and insights to navigate the entertainment industry with confidence and expertise.
The image above captures the essence of Moriah's educational background, highlighting her commitment to personal growth and intellectual development.
Continuing her journey of lifelong learning, Moriah continues to expand her knowledge and skills, ensuring she remains at the forefront of her field. As a multifaceted personality, Moriah Jadea utilizes her educational background as a solid foundation for her endeavors in the entertainment industry. Her educational journey stands as a testament to her determination and pursuit of excellence.
|Attended a private school in her hometown
|Graduated from high school with excellent grades
|Well-graduated personality from a reputed college
Moriah Jadea Family
Moriah Jadea was raised in a middle-class family in the United States. She maintains a close relationship with her parents, although their names and details have not been publicly disclosed. She also has siblings, but their identities remain unknown. Moriah and her family follow the Christian religion.
Family plays an important role in Moriah's life, and she often expresses gratitude for their love and support. Despite her rising fame, she values her family connections and cherishes the bond they share.
"Family is everything to me. They have always been there for me and provided a strong foundation. I am grateful for their love and support throughout my journey."
|Names and details not publicly disclosed
|Identities remain unknown
Moriah Jadea Physical Appearance
Moriah Jadea has an impressive physical appearance. She stands tall at 5 feet 7 inches and weighs around 58 kg. She has hazel eyes, long black hair, and a fair complexion. Her body measurements are approximately 34-26-34 inches. She has distinct features like beautiful lips and pretty eyes. Additionally, she has tattoos on her body and a pierced belly button.
Moriah Jadea Spouse, Boyfriend & Dating History
Despite her popularity, Moriah Jadea has been discreet about her romantic relationships. Currently, she has not made any public announcements about her boyfriend or dating status. However, during her participation in The Challenge, she developed a close bond with fellow contestant Faysal Shawn. It is important to note that their relationship is purely platonic, and there are no indications of a romantic involvement between them.
While Moriah values her privacy, her fans remain curious about her dating history. Unfortunately, she has chosen not to disclose any information regarding her past romantic relationships. Moriah's focus has primarily been on her career and personal growth, leaving her dating life largely unknown to the public.
"My personal life is something that I prefer to keep private. My main priority right now is pursuing my career and focusing on my personal development." – Moriah Jadea
Moriah Jadea's decision to maintain privacy when it comes to her boyfriend and dating history reflects her commitment to professionalism and maintaining a boundary between her personal and public life. As her career continues to flourish, fans eagerly anticipate any future updates on her relationship status.
Moriah Jadea Career
Moriah Jadea's career took off when she won the title of Miss SW Orlando Teen USA. She began her journey as a TikTok star, creating engaging content related to fashion, beauty, pranks, makeup, and challenges. Her unique style and creativity quickly gained her a substantial following on the platform.
As her popularity grew, Moriah ventured into other avenues, including fitness, becoming a role model for many aspiring to lead a healthy lifestyle. She shares her workout routines, nutrition tips, and motivational content, inspiring her audience to prioritize their well-being.
Additionally, Moriah Jadea has ventured into modeling, securing various projects and endorsements with prominent brands in the fashion industry. Her striking appearance, combined with her distinct personality, has made her a sought-after model.
One of Moriah's career highlights was her appearance on the reality TV show The Challenge. Her participation on the popular series challenged her both mentally and physically, allowing viewers to witness her determination and competitive spirit.
Throughout her career, Moriah Jadea has managed to build a strong and influential presence on social media, captivating her audience with her talent, charisma, and authenticity.
Moriah Jadea Net Worth
Moriah Jadea has worked tirelessly to build her career and has achieved notable success in various endeavors. Although she keeps her exact earnings private, reliable sources estimate her net worth to be approximately $1 million USD as of 2023. Her dedication and talent have allowed her to accumulate a significant fortune.
As a prominent TV personality, influencer, and model, Moriah has leveraged her popularity to secure various lucrative opportunities. In addition to her earnings from television appearances, she also generates income through endorsements, sponsored content, and brand collaborations. Her influential presence on social media platforms like TikTok and Instagram has played a crucial role in her financial success.
Moriah's thriving career and astute business sense have enabled her to make smart investments. She owns a luxurious house and a stylish car, reflecting her thriving financial status. Through her hard work, determination, and entrepreneurial spirit, Moriah Jadea has established herself as a successful and financially independent individual.
Despite her success, Moriah remains humble and down-to-earth. She continues to strive for excellence in her career and explore new opportunities to expand her wealth. With her unwavering determination and talent, Moriah Jadea is expected to further increase her net worth in the coming years.
Moriah Jadea Wikipedia
Moriah Jadea is a well-known TV personality, model, influencer, and social media star. Her captivating presence and engaging content have garnered her a massive fan following across various social media platforms. However, despite her immense popularity and influence, Moriah Jadea's profile is not available on Wikipedia.
Although her absence from Wikipedia may be disappointing for some, this article provides detailed information about Moriah Jadea's personal and professional life, allowing fans and curious individuals to gain deeper insights into her journey and accomplishments.
Through her appearances on reality shows like The Challenge, Moriah Jadea has showcased her talent, charisma, and determination, leaving a lasting impression on viewers. Her captivating personality and unique sense of style have made her a recognizable figure in the entertainment industry.
As a model, Moriah Jadea has graced the pages of magazines and worked with various renowned brands. Her stunning looks and fashion-forward choices have made her a sought-after face in the industry.
Her influence extends beyond modeling, as she utilizes her social media platforms to connect with her followers. Moriah Jadea's engaging content, which ranges from fashion and beauty advice to empowering messages, has resonated with her audience.
While her profile may not be found on Wikipedia, Moriah Jadea's impact as a TV personality, model, influencer, and social media star cannot be denied.
Biodata of Moriah Jadea
Moriah Jadea's full name is Moriah Jade Andrychowski. She is known for her appearances on The Challenge reality TV show. Her profession includes being a TV personality, model, influencer, TikToker, and YouTuber.
|Known for her appearances on The Challenge
|Has worked on various modeling projects and endorsements
|Has a significant following on social media platforms
|Creates content related to fashion, beauty, and challenges
|Shares her experiences and lifestyle on YouTube
6 Facts About Moriah Jadea
Here are some interesting facts about Moriah Jadea:
- She is known for her stylish and fashionable persona.
- She loves luxury brands like Fendi, Gucci, YSL, and LV.
- Moriah takes pride in her toned phys


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Presenting a clear picture for Hoya Krimson Queen vs Princess comparison as they have a lot of similarities and differences from each other. The difference lies in the color of leaves or the variegation of leaves.
Hoya Krimson Queen leaves have a center which is of green color with white colored edges whereas the princess has leaves with a center of creamish or white color with green colored margins. Though there is little difference between the plants, the Hoya Krimson Queen shows faded pink colored flowers and has a brown colored stem, while the krimson princess has dark pink colored flowers with a pink colored stem that looks extraordinary.
These plants are popular among houseplants due to their beauty and elegance they bring indoors, placed on a wooden table. These plants are known for their super glossy and waxy leaves. They are so easy to grow that many beginners prefer to start the game with these plants. Just not that they look super attractive in the hanging pots so they are a great alternative to vines.
Hoya Krimson Queen vs Princess
In this article, we will let you know all the differences between these two plants and the related information that you need to know. So buckle up! And let's get started!
What is Hoya Krimson Queen?
Originally belonging to Asia and Australia, the Hoya Krimson Queen plans have the scientific name Hoya Carnosa Rubra that are popular for the lanceolate leaves that have no variegations and the reddish pink colored flowers that are ultra pretty.
What is Hoya Krimson Princess?
The Hoya Krimson Princess is a lot similar to queens as they also belong to the same culture that is hoya carnosa and are native to Asia and Australia. Their scientific name is Hoya carnosa albomarginata. The flowers of these plants have a pinkish appearance and look really unique. The leaves of these plants mostly have variegated forms of leaves.
As indicated before both of these plants belong to the same cultivar Hoya carnosa which is why they look related to hoya in different ways.
It is obvious that they belong to the same family and the family is Apocynaceae, which mostly has flowers star-shaped or star-shaped.
In Leaf Color, Size, and Texture
The leaves of Hoya Krimson Queen are larger than the princess. Even the krimson princess has thicker and more fleshy leaves which is not the case with the queen.
Also, the Hoya Krimson Queen and Princess leaves appear glossy due to the waxy coating on the leaves surface. The texture is present more on the leaves of the queen than on the princess.
The leaves of krimson queen have a white margin and the green color is deep dark with brown stems whereas the krimson princess plants have green borderlines with a creamy white center. The leaves have variegation that could be pink, white, or green in color.
The flowers of Hoya Krimson Queen are complete of pink color whereas the flowers of Hoya Krimson Princess have reddish pink colored flowers. Though both of the flowers are very pretty. The krimson princess flowers have a reddish center that looks really attractive and fabulous. Both of the plants will bloom in outdoor conditions instead of indoor conditions.
The Hoya Krimson Princess plants don't get much tall when they are indoors, reaching 4 ft in length only whereas when they are outside or in the native habitat they can get to the height of 16-18 feet. Anyhow these are still shorter than the Hoya Krimson Queen plants. The Krimson Queen plants reach 7 feet height indoors whereas 25 feet tall when outdoors.
The Krimson Queen plants grow with more speed than the Hoya Krimson Princess plants due to the low amount of photosynthesis doing pigment called chlorophyll in Krimson Princess plants.
To know more about the plant world, you may also read related articles, Golden Pothos vs Hawaiian Pothos (Actual Differences and Similarities)
The water needed depends on the thickness of the leaves. So the Krimson Queen with thin leaves demands water more frequently than the Krimson Princess plants that have thick leaves. You can water the Krimson Queen plant two times a week which is once a week for the princess plant.
The Krimson Princess plant needs more sunlight than the Krimson Queen. By this, we mean that the plant would do great if it gets morning direct sunlight. The Krimson Queen needs indirect and bright sunlight. These both are tropical plants but still, the sunlight requirement varies a little in both cases.
Using an organic fertilizer or compost is beneficial for the Krimson Queen plants. The compost would also be great for adding nutrients to the Krimson Queen but the Krimson Princess needs fertilizer that is diluted into half and then used. Both of these legendary plants don't need much fertilizer so make sure not to overdo it.
Which is more pricey: Krimson Queen or Krimson Princess?
The Krimson Queen lately is getting more pricey than the Krimson Princess. Though there's not a big difference between their prices. The average price of Krimson Queen plants is in the range of $30 to $50 whereas the price of Krimson Princess is in the range of $18 to $20, this price is based on the plant size. Though the price may vary according to the location.
Similarities between Hoya Krimson Queen and Krimson Princess?
- Have similar flowering seasons
- Both of the plants don't need much pruning
- Both Krimson Queen and Krimson Princess like humidity to be in the level of 70-80%
- The Krimson Queen and Princess both being tropical plants love humidity and also high temperatures that are in the range of 65-95 degrees Fahrenheit
- The Krimson Queen and Krimson Princess plant-like soil is well draining and has good aeration. Though these plants in the outdoor conditions hang on the other plants with the roots in the air. The potting mix you use indoors for these plants can be improved by adding peat moss, bark, and perlite.
- Both of these plants don't like repotting that much. They can still be repotted every 3-4 years into a large pot and well-draining soil.
Is Hoya Krimson Queen the same as Tricolor?
Hoya Krimson Queen has another name as tricolor as they are derived from the cultivar Hoya carnosa known for the variegated leaves and the colors on the leaves like pink, green, and creamy white making them really attractive.
Does the Hoya Krimson Princess turn pink?
There are chances that your Krimson Princess can change color which depends on the amount of sunlight they get in a day. If the pink leaves are showing on the plant there is nothing to worry about as the plant is getting the optimum amount of sunlight.
How do you make Hoya Krimson Queen pink?
By giving more or extended time of sunlight exposure the leaves of Krimson Queen can be turned pink. The light can be direct but not for too long a time, it's like you give them indirect sunlight for most ™ and for an hour provide the plant direct sunlight.
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Public Nudity, Indecent Exposure: 3 Potential Defenses - FindLaw Blotter
FindLaw Blotter - The FindLaw Crime and Criminals Blog
Public Nudity, Indecent Exposure: 3 Potential Defenses
Today (July 14) is National Nude Day, and everyone has different standards when it comes to how comfortable they are with public nudity. However, no matter what your personal preference may be, public nudity run afoul of your state's indecent exposure laws.
Though indecent exposure laws vary from state to state, they generally prohibit exposing a person's genitals in public, causing alarm or offense to others. In some states, intentional exposure of one's privates in public can also lead to a charge of public lewdness.
But when can public nudity fall short of being "indecent" or "lewd" in the eyes of the law? Here are three potential defenses to an indecent exposure or lewdness charge:
 1. There was no sexual motive. In many states, indecent exposure or public lewdness must be done for a sexual or other "lewd" purpose. This means that public nudity for other reasons, such as, say, comfort while driving, may not technically be considered indecent exposure -- although it's definitely a good way to get pulled over and charged for something else, like a DUI.
 2. It was free speech. If your public nudity is considered to be an act of "speech," then it may be constitutionally protected under the First Amendment. Case in point: An Oregon man who protested airport-security procedures by stripping completely naked at the TSA checkpoint. Though he was arrested for indecent exposure, he was acquitted after a judge found that his naked protest was protected speech.
 3. You were on private property. Despite what many think, you can be arrested for being naked inside your own home if people outside can see you. But when you are nude within the boundaries of your home or other private property, it is less likely that a judge will find that you were intentionally exposing yourself to others, as opposed to doing so inadvertently. Indecent exposure is a crime that typically requires some form of criminal intent, which differentiates those who act purposefully from those who may have acted accidentally or otherwise unintentionally.
If you're facing charges related to public nudity on National Nude Day (or on any other day), an experienced criminal defense lawyer can help explain your legal options and any possible defenses.
Related Resources:


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ZoneSmart is a hand on field day exploring Management Zones. The morning group sessions will rotate through the four pillars of zone creation: Yield, Elevation, Soil and Remote Sensing.
During lunch we will explore the integration of the Yield, Elevation, Soil and Remote Sensing maps discussed in the morning sessions that lead to the creation of management zones and how to apply prescriptions to optimize field performance. Also a panel session will explore how to manage big data, including best practices and tips.
To learn more click here


Are first person shooters healthy for kids?
Asked by: Sofias4
 - Not necessarily healthy but not negative
 Many video games including first person shooters help kids strenghthen hand eye coordination skills. But the problem is kids aren't really supposed to play them in the first place, most fps games are rated mature and there's a reason for that so if you don't want your child exposed to violence then don't give them access to the game.
 - Yes, if Done Well
 While it is true that many major titles like Call of Duty or Battlefield are arcade-like and not representative of reality, other games like Arma or Red Orchestra 2 are more accurate. It's not like the glorification of war is exclusive to video games; it has been in every form of entertainment media to date. I can't even begin to count the number of movies that fit the bill. Some games like Spec Ops: The Line actually provide really insightful commentary on war. Others are outright shy down by critics from the community for being too accurate.
 - Not healthy for kids
 It makes the kids want to be like the people in the game. Have you ever heard the stories about those kids shooting people? The rate of kids killing people are rising and i think it is because of games like these. I would let my kid play these games until he was probably 15
 - No, they are not
 No they are not healthy to kids for a number of reasons (not to say that there are no positive aspects to these games), firstly they give kids a false sense of what real war is like and therefore desensitize them to that kind of thing, secondly its gives them false ideas about the physical limits of the human body (in no way am i saying this applies to all kids, but mostly younger ones), for example healing quickly after being shot, being able to be shot with multiple bullets and still survive and lastly i must say that this definitely does not apply to all kids, but it does to the majority of them, so no, i do not think that they are exactly healthy for kids.
 - No, not healthy.
 First person shooters aren't exactly "bad" for kids, they provide entertainment and there's no evidence to support that they negatively affect mentally stable children. However, they're not "healthy". A child who plays fps's isn't going to be any healthier, mentally, emotionally, or physically, than a child who doesn't. Playing shooters isn't hurting children, but it's not improving their health.
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Carpenter Pens Op-ed Underscoring NAFTA's Benefits, Detailing Modernization PrioritiesThursday, January 25, 2018
(North American Meat Institute)
An op-ed by Meat Institute President and CEO Barry Carpenter details the benefits of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) for the U.S. meat industry and underscores the principal regulatory reforms the industry supports in a renegotiated agreement. In the op-ed, published in Agri-Pulse, Carpenter affirms the industry's calls for a "do no harm" approach to agricultural trade in a modernized NAFTA and urges the Administration to "preserve the core tenets of the agreement that yielded highly integrated supply chains in the meat and livestock industries and exponentially expanded meat trade within the North American Market in the past two decades." In particular, Carpenter asserts protecting and building upon zero-tariff market access for U.S. meat products in Canada and Mexico better positions the industry to "withstand stiff global competition from increasingly strong competitors like the European Union and Australia."
Carpenter also emphasizes the importance of removing remaining technical and non-tariff barriers that undermine U.S. exports through the adoption of an updated sanitary and phytosanitary chapter that is rooted in sound science. Moreover, Carpenter contends the negotiations present an opportunity to promote regulatory cooperation and convergence of mutually recognized standards, including the establishment of a common window for an E-document transmission and communication system in the NAFTA region to facilitate review and clearance of cross border meat shipments, among other reforms.share on facebook share on twitter


finalize meaning in hindi
Pronunciation of finalize
finalize in Images
finalize Antonyms
finalize Definitions and meaning in English
 1. make final
 2. finish
 3. complete action
finalize Sentences in English
 1. अंतिम रूप देना = finalise
 They met to finalize the terms of the treaty.
Tags: finalize meaning in hindi, finalize ka matalab hindi me, hindi meaning of finalize, finalize meaning dictionary. finalize in hindi. Translation and meaning of finalize in English hindi dictionary. Provided by a free online English hindi picture dictionary.


United Nations Directories
for Electronic Data Interchange for
Administration, Commerce and Transport
5419 Rate type code qualifier [B]
Desc: Code qualifying the type of rate. Repr: an..3 Code Values: 1 Allowance rate Code specifying the allowance rate. 2 Charge rate Code specifying the charge rate. 3 Actual versus calculated price difference rate Difference rate of actual price and calculated price. 4 Standard labour rate Labour rate for a normal working day. Synonym: Straight time. 5 Overtime labour rate Labour rate for overtime. 6 Premium labour rate Labour rate for premium time. 7 Calculation rate To identify a rate which is to be applied in a calculation. 8 Coefficient The coefficient which is to be used as a multiplier. 9 Indemnity rate To specify the rate of an indemnity. 10 Guarantee reserved calculation rate To specify the rate that has been used to calculate the monetary amount reserved as a guarantee. 11 Waiting time indemnity rate To specify the rate of an indemnity for waiting. ZZZ Mutually defined The rate type is mutually agreed by the interchanging parties.
Data Element Cross Reference
DataElement 5419 is used in the following Batch Composite Elements:
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Next time you're helping a buddy move or about to run a marathon, here's a tip: Start dropping F-bombs BEFORE you do. According to a new study out of England, shouting swear words makes you physically STRONGER. The down side is the effect doesn't last long, but if you keep shouting and cursing like a sailor you might keep it up, but also will have people looking at you weird. The upside of letting "sh#* hit the fan" came about after a series of experiments with people who repeatedly either swore or used a neutral word as they pounded away on an exercise bike, or performed a simple hand-grip test.
When people cursed their way through the half-minute bike challenge, their peak power rose by 24 watts on average, according to the study. In the 10-second grip task, swearers boosted their strength by the equivalent of 2.1kg, researchers found. The researchers think it's because swearing makes your heart pound a little faster, like it would when you're in danger, and that gives you a quick power burst.
Read more about it HERE


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A Transition in the Law: Transgender Discrimination
Published: February 3, 2017
On February 2, 2017, Attorney Timothy M. Netkovick hosted a roundtable-style seminar discussing how to navigate through the legal landscape of the evolving and challenging area of discrimination law: transgender discrimination
Discrimination based on transgender status or gender identity is a developing area of the law. There has been a lot of debate on the local, state, and national level over access to bathrooms for transgender individuals. As the public debates this issue, legislators, administrative agencies, and courts are shaping the law that prohibits gender discrimination, including discrimination against transgender individuals.
If you have any questions about transgender discrimination and workplace accommodation, please contact the attorneys at Royal, P.C.


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Northward-bound bugs studied
'Excellent barometers for environmental change'
(Originally published by CBC North July 6, 2010)
Canadian researchers have scattered across the North this summer to study insects not normally found in the region, like wasps and hornets, and figure out how those bugs got to the Arctic in the first place.
Biologist Donna Giberson of the University of Prince Edward Island has set up teams of graduate students in various northern communities to collect insects.
"If you see people swinging butterfly nets in the Arctic this year, this is basically the team that's doing it," Giberson told CBC News on a recent flight from Norman Wells, N.W.T., where one team has been based.
(Our website and blog were also linked to the article…neat!)


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What's the difference?
I've already seen Terminator.
I've seen Terminator before.
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
up vote 5 down vote accepted
They arrive at propositions with the same truth conditions, but by different means; and with somewhat different contextual expectations. In fact, they arrive at the truth value of the sentence without them. They both mean:
 - I have seen Terminator.
When that is true, both of the sentences are also true (when else could you have seen it that wasn't before or already?), and when that is false, both of them are false; and vice versa, in all combinations. They're synomymous. All of them. That's mostly because they all use the Perfect construction.
Adverbials like before, already, never, etc. are used to add nuance and build the background context. Language does that a lot; there's almost never just one way to say something.
Semantically, the before clause is a simple Existential perfect, "used to indicate the existence of past events", and emphasizing the pastness of the event with a redundant before (when else could you have seen it?).
The already clause, however, has a more complex semantics. Already presupposes expectations on the part of the speaker about the timing of events; normally one uses already to refer to events that occur before they are expected to
 - Are you finished already?
 - He left early, so he's probably home already.
 - He only died yesterday, and already the vultures are circling.
So, either before and already might be used in a case where the speaker classifies seeing Terminator as an event that, like registering to vote or getting married, need not be performed more than once. But the one with already is quite definite, in my opinion, that the speaker is not interested in seeing it again.
 - Q; Wanna see Terminator tonight? A: I've seen Terminator before.
 - Q; Wanna see Terminator tonight? A: I've already seen Terminator.
I think the second one is more likely to count as a No answer. Of course, that could be just my perceptions; there's a lot of room for individual variation here.
share|improve this answer
+1 I like your answer better than mine. It occurs to me however that before is not completely redundant: it contrasts with just and implies that the prior viewing is more distant than the "immediate" past. – StoneyB Oct 2 '12 at 2:28
Yes, there's a whole suite of durational specifiers like yet, any more, already, still, before, after, while, etc. Each one has its own syntactic foibles, and they contrast in various ways in various dimensions. – John Lawler Oct 2 '12 at 2:57
Thanks, John! :) – Mori Oct 3 '12 at 20:26
Before is a very flexible word. It can be an adverb, a preposition and a conjunction. A word of similar skills is since.
Already, in the other hand, is an adverb.
In theory, both already and before could be used in their adverbial form to modify seen in the examples given, and would be correct.
However, at least in US, before, in its adverbial form, is more often used in referring to location or action rather than viewing something.
I have been there before.
I have done this before.
When referring to visual experience, before just doesn't seem comfortable.
I have seen the Picasso before. [No]
I have seen the Picasso exhibit already. [Yes]
I have read Jane Austen before. [No]
I have read Jane Austen already. [Yes]
And yet
I have been to the library before. I took out Jane Austen. [Yes]
share|improve this answer
That sounds like it could have been a hot date. – StoneyB Oct 2 '12 at 0:30
Your Answer


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Mrs. Sheeba Paulson
The St. Gregorios Indian Orthodox Sunday School, Peterborough is a growing community of students, teachers and parents. The Sunday School plays an important role in bringing up our children as spiritual,God fearing and moral citizens.
Through the year, the Sunday School has the following activities :
Orthodox Vacation Bible School (OVBS)


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My question is straight forward, how do i programmatically untrim the trimmed control on the Ribbon?
So if this happens:
SPRibbon current = SPRibbon.GetCurrent(this.Page); if (current == null) return; current.TrimById("Ribbon.Read");
How do i untrim it, somewhere in the code?
How do i use method SPRibbon.TrimById(string id, string visibilityContext)?
Why makeTabAvailable() doesn't work?


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RPS to discuss new plan to keep students safe
RPS will host a school board meeting at Huguenot High School at 6 p.m.
RICHMOND, Va. (WWBT) - Richmond Public Schools are working to address school safety concerns. This comes after multiple instances of violence involving RPS students last year, including the mass shooting following Huguenot High School's graduation ceremony.
The original plan that was presented back in July includes more than 400 thousand dollars in security changes by purchasing equipment like X-ray scanners and digital radios.
There would also be more than 24 mental health professionals hired within the school system.
Other points, like keeping cell phones out of students' hands, were also mentioned.
Tonight's school board meeting will address questions that came up during the last meeting when this 15-point Care and Safety plan was first introduced.
The school system will respond to 13 specific questions asked by the school board, like, Do we have training for students about sexual harassment, and what data are we using to pick cellphone pilot schools?
Other updates to the plan will also be discussed.
The School Board meeting will take place tonight at Huguenot High School at 6 p.m.
Copyright 2023 WWBT. All rights reserved.