RarEntry::extract
(PECL rar >= 0.1)
RarEntry::extractExtract entry from the archive
Descrição
public RarEntry::extract(
 string $dir,
 string $filepath = "",
 string $password = NULL,
 bool $extended_data = false
): bool
RarEntry::extract() extracts the entry's data. It will create new file in the specified dir with the name identical to the entry's name, unless the second argument is specified. See below for more information.
Parâmetros
dir
Path to the directory where files should be extracted. This parameter is considered if and only if filepath is not. If both parameters are empty an extraction to the current directory will be attempted.
filepath
Path (relative or absolute) containing the directory and filename of the extracted file. This parameter overrides both the parameter dir and the original file name.
password
The password used to encrypt this entry. If the entry is not encrypted, this value will not be used and can be omitted. If this parameter is omitted and the entry is encrypted, the password given to rar_open(), if any, will be used. If a wrong password is given, either explicitly or implicitly via rar_open(), CRC checking will fail and this method will fail and return false. If no password is given and one is required, this method will fail and return false. You can check whether an entry is encrypted with RarEntry::isEncrypted().
extended_data
If true, extended information such as NTFS ACLs and Unix owner information will be set in the extract files, as long as it's present in the archive.
Aviso
Prior to version 2.0.0, this function would not handle relative paths correctly. Use realpath() as a workaround.
Valor Retornado
Retorna true em caso de sucesso ou false em caso de falha.
Changelog
Versão Descrição
PECL rar 3.0.0 extended_data was added.
PECL rar 3.0.0 Support for RAR archives with repeated entry names is no longer defective.
Exemplos
Exemplo #1 RarEntry::extract() example
<?php
$rar_file
= rar_open('example.rar') or die("Failed to open Rar archive");
$entry = rar_entry_get($rar_file, 'Dir/file.txt') or die("Failed to find such entry");
$entry->extract('/dir/to'); // create /dir/to/Dir/file.txt
$entry->extract(false, '/dir/to/new_name.txt'); // create /dir/to/new_name.txt
?>
Exemplo #2 How to extract all files in archive:
<?php
/* example by Erik Jenssen aka erix */
$filename = "foobar.rar";
$filepath = "/home/foo/bar/";
$rar_file = rar_open($filepath.$filename);
$list = rar_list($rar_file);
foreach(
$list as $file) {
$entry = rar_entry_get($rar_file, $file);
$entry->extract("."); // extract to the current dir
}
rar_close($rar_file);
?>
Veja Também
add a note
User Contributed Notes 2 notes
up
7
nelson_km_94 at hotmail dot com
8 years ago
Example #2 has a mistake.
This one works fine:
<?php
/* example by Erik Jenssen aka erix */
$filename = "foobar.rar";
$filepath = "/home/foo/bar/";
$rar_file = rar_open($filepath.$filename);
$list = rar_list($rar_file);
foreach(
$list as $file) {

$entry = rar_entry_get($rar_file, $file->getName());

$entry->extract("."); // extract to the current dir
}
rar_close($rar_file);
?>
up
0
Anonymous
9 years ago
If the entry to extract is a directory as per RarEntry::isDirectory(), this method does not seem to extract the entries below that directory as one might expect from using the command-line RAR or WinRAR.
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text:
Assessing The Impact Of Railway Restructuring In Nigeria
The study presents railway restructuring as a solution option to railway problems in Nigeria. It aims at ascertaining the efficiency of the critical input factors of Nigerian Railway corporation (NRC) while comparing it with that of the restructured developed and best practices railways to establish the basis for restructuring. A manpower survey was carried out. Benchmarking method was used to determine the best restructuring model for Nigeria. Descriptive statistical tools and simulation model were also used in carrying out the analysis. In this respect, we identified low investment, low technological capacity and capability, low productivity unreliable services, High operating ratios, weak administration, obsolete equipment and technology, low motivation and large labour force as the most severe problems to overcome. Against this background, the implication of railway restructuring in Nigeria for development was examined. The simulation results show that the restructured railways in Nigeria would save time, increase the number of traffic and increase revenue generation. The study concluded that there is a wide gap between NRC and the best practices and restructured railways as a result of the observed inefficiencies in all the critical input factors. We recommend among others the adoption of the concessional model, the repeal of the 1995 railway acts as amended to make the railway market in Nigeria contestable and viable.
JORIND Vol. 3 (2) 2005: pp. 42-51

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


The load capacity of EMBs with a restricted air gap is usually small in comparison with that of traditional ball bearings. One possible way to overcome this limitation is to increase the operation field strength of EMBs; however, this approach unavoidably involves nonlinear characteristics of EMBs. This paper investigates the nonlinear behavior of two commonly used types of EMBs by using the finite element method, in which the nonlinear relation of the B-H curve, the flux leakage, and the fringing effect are taken into account. The behavior of the EMBs under different bias currents and gap lengths is investigated, as are the effects of geometric parameters on the bearing characteristics. The results of the paper provide a useful guide for designing EMBs when using their nonlinear characteristics.
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text:
Avoiding Figure Skating Joint Stress with Measuring Device
Figure skating is a beautiful but dangerous sport; repetitive jumping and landing on ice can cause a lot of joint stress. Researchers are working on "smart" blades to measure the force that is exerted on the ice. The data could then be used to prevent injuries.
Injuries Abound When Figure Skating
If you've ever seen a figure skater leap into the air and then come down hard on the ice, you can imagine the stress that's inflicted on the skater's joints over time. In fact, according to a recent article on Phys.org, when an ice skater lands after a jump, he or she might "exert a force magnitude up to six times their body weight." Imagine doing that over and over.
To get a better idea, check out the video below (from Wikipedia.com) to see some common figure skating jumps: toe jumps (loop, flip, Lutz) and edge jumps (loop, Salchow, axel).
"Video demonstrating the different figure skating jumps." by Oharaek. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons.
Stress injuries are, naturally, associated with overuse rather than trauma. Excessive jumping on ice tends to result in stress fractures and reactions, tendonitis, hip muscle strains, knee injuries, and more. The good news about injuries related to overuse is that they can be avoided in the first place.
Arming Figure Skaters with Data to Avoid Stress Injuries
To help ice skaters prevent stress injuries, researchers are working on a device that measures the exerted force when landing on the ice after a jump. The current version measures both horizontal and vertical loads, and the next step is to improve the accuracy of the system. By arming the skaters with data on how hard they are landing, the device could be used to decide when and how to adjust the routine or end the training session accordingly — before figure skating joint stress becomes an issue.
Close-up of a figure skate.
Ice Skate Blade Fitted with Measuring Device
So how does it work? The battery-driven device is built directly onto the blade of the figure skate. The stanchions that connect the blade to the boot have strain gauges attached to them. When the ice skater jumps and lands, the stanchions — and thereby, also the strain gauges — deform due to the exerted force.
Upon deforming, the strain gauges' electrical resistance changes. Next, a Wheatstone bridge circuit measures the change and a central control system calculates the overall force. The whole assembly reportedly only weighs 142 grams and does not touch the ice, making it ideal for the figure skater as it does not interfere with his or her movements.
It would be interesting to see some stress and strain simulations being compared to the test data…
- The Phys.org article, which includes diagrams of the device mounted to the blade: "Measuring on ice: Researchers create 'smart' ice skating blade"
- The original paper cited in the article: "Instrumented figure skating blade for measuring on-ice skating forces"
- COMSOL Now
- Fluid & Heat
- Structural & Acoustics
- Today in Science

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
DEFINITION of 'Bimetallic Standard'
A monetary system in which a government recognizes coins composed of gold or silver as legal tender. The bimetallic standard (or bimetallism) backs a unit of currency to a fixed ratio of gold and/or silver.
BREAKING DOWN 'Bimetallic Standard'
The bimetallic standard was first used in the United States in 1792 as a means of controlling the value of money. For example, during the 18th century in the United States, one ounce of gold was equal to 15 ounces of silver. Therefore, there would be 15 times more Silver (by weight) in $10 worth of silver coins than $10 worth of gold coins. Adequate gold and silver was kept in reserves to back the paper currency. This bimetallic standard was used until the civil war, when the Resumption Act of 1875 stated that paper money could be converted to gold.


null
Difference Between Gravity Filtration and Vacuum Filtration | USA Lab
Difference Between Gravity Filtration and Vacuum Filtration | USA Lab
Posted by USA Lab Equipment on Nov 19th 2021
If you work in any kind of lab space, you probably already know about the solvent filtration process. If you run a small lab or if you're a student, you may not have had the chance to operate multiple types of filtration systems yet, though. Keep reading to discover the difference between gravity filtration and vacuum filtration along with the benefits of each for your experiments.
Vacuum Filtration Process
As the name implies, vacuum filtration utilizes the power of a vacuum source. Vacuum filtration most commonly uses a Buchner funnel and flask as well as some specialty filter paper. You also need thick-walled tubing to connect your Buchner filter and vacuum source. If you wish to collect a solid material through the filtration process, vacuum filtration is a fast and effective method. However, don't use vacuum filtration if you want to collect a liquid material afterward. Any solvent tends to boil off during the reduced-pressure process.
Gravity Filtration Process
Gravity filtration relies on gravity to do most of its work. This process involves setting up a funnel and paper filter on top of a flask. Gravity filtration is vital for separating a liquid from a solid when you want to preserve the liquid material. When decanting isn't an option, gravity filtration is the go-to method. Gravity filtration is a slower process, but lab technicians still rely on it to this day for experiments.
The Differences Between Filtration Methods
The main difference between vacuum and gravity filtration is their timeliness and how they operate. One method uses a vacuum source to power the filtration while the other uses gravity. This results in vacuum filtration being faster and more convenient. Still, it doesn't fit every experiment. Gravity filtration is the gentler of the two methods, and it can preserve both solid and liquid parts from a mixture. Each filtration method has its benefits and drawbacks.
As a lab technician, it's pivotal to understand the differences between vacuum and gravity filtration to know which method to use for your tasks. If you need to stock up for either filtration system, check out USA Lab Equipment for everything you need.


Saturday, 12 August 2017
Difference between Isnull and Coalesce in SQL Server
Difference between Isnull and Coalesce
Both Isnull and Coalesce functions are work similarly in SQL Server as both functions used to work on Null values.
Difference-between-Isnull-and-Coalesce-in-SQL-Server
Now we will discuss about both isnull and coalesce functions individually.
What is Isnull function in SQL Server?
Isnull function is used to replace the Null values with some specified value.
Syntax of Isnull function in SQL Server:
ISNULL(expression, specified_value)
Get more details @ Isnull function with example in sql server
What is Coalesce function in SQL Server?
Coalesce function is used to get first not Null value among its arguments.
Syntax of Coalesce function in SQL Server:
COALESCE (expression1,expressions2, ...)
Get more details @ Coalesce function with example in sql server
I hope, now you understood how Isnull and Coalesce functions will work in sql server.
Now we discuss about what is the difference between Isnull and Coalesce in SQL Server
1st difference between Isnull and Coalesce in SQL Server:
Isnull function is used to replace the Null values with some specified value and Coalesce function is used to get first not Null value among its arguments
2nd difference between Isnull and Coalesce in SQL Server:
Isnull function is a specific to the sql server and Coalesce function is a ANSI standard
3rd difference between Isnull and Coalesce in SQL Server:
Isnull function returns the same data type as of first argument and coalesce function returns the data type as of its first argument
Example: We have table named as Employee_Contact_Number in sql server as below
Eid
Ename
Mobile_Number
101
Mahesh
_PHONE_
102
Pawan
NULL
103
Venkat
NULL
104
Vasu
123467890
105
Khadar
90767433893
Now we want to display 'Not Available' wherever the Mobile_Number value is null.
In this scenario, we will use isnull function, right?
Yes, we should use isnull function only. Ok let's use isnull function as below
SELECT [Eid]
 ,[Ename]
 ,isnull([Mobile_Number], 'Not Available')
 FROM [Employee_Contact_Number]
As of Isnull function definition, the above query should replace the null value as 'Not Available'. But if you ran the above query, it will give error as "Error converting data type varchar to bigint".
Cause of Error: Isnull function returns the same data type as of first argument
So to resolve the above error you have to write the query as
SELECT [Eid]
 ,[Ename]
 ,isnull(cast([Mobile_Number] as varchar(50)), 'Not Available') as [Mobile_Number]
 FROM [Employee_Contact_Number]
4th difference between Isnull and Coalesce in SQL Server:
By observing the syntax of both Isnull and coalesce function, we can say that Isnull function will only two arguments whereas coalesce function will use 'n' number of arguments
That's all, differences between Isnull and coalesce functions are got over.
Which is faster?
In the query performance point of view, we should know which function is faster. In both of Isnull and Coalesce functions Isnull is faster than coalesce function because of isnull function is specific built in function in sql server and coalesce translates to case statement
Note: If you know any more information about difference between Isnull and coalesce function is sql server then please comment here. That will help others.
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Search Issue Tracker
Fixed in 5.4.2
TransformDirection and InverseTransformDirection operations are affected by scale.
1.Open the "bug.zip" project
2.Open the "Test" scene
3.Play the scene
4.Notice how TransformDirection and InverseTransformDirection are affected by scale.
Actual result: TransformDirection and InverseTransformDirection operations are affected by scale.
Expected result: TransformDirection and InverseTransformDirection operations are not affected by scale.
Reproducible on: 5.5.0a5, 5.4.0f3
Not reproducible on: 5.3.6p2, 5.3.5f1, 5.2.5f1
All about bugs
View bugs we have successfully reproduced, and vote for the bugs you want to see fixed most urgently.
- TreeView Child display toggle styling becomes reversed when clicking and dragging it
- Null is returned when using FocusOutEvent.relatedTarget
- Unity_BaseInstanceID is always zero when rendering multiple meshes and instancing with the same buffer
- UI Document button's text does not resize relatively when size in percentage (%) is used
- Event.current.mousePosition has an offset of 1px along the y-axis in WebGL build when the mouse button is released


Crane Procurement, Life Extension, & Impact of Panama Canal Widening
by Erik Soderberg and Catherine Morris
Presented by Erik Soderberg at the TOC Americas 2011 Conference in Panama
This presentation addresses three topics. 1) Container crane procurement—a summary of best practices is presented, including detailed technical specifications, design review, fabrication review, seafastening review, offload plan review, and commissioning review. 2) Extending existing crane life—how can the life of existing cranes be extended by maintaining the reliability of the crane, and through practical modifications? 3) The New Panama Canal—we discuss examples of practical crane modifications to service the larger vessels.


We're here to help
 What is Hancock MINT?
 Hancock MINT (Mobile Intake) is a mobile application that connects to the Hancock Cloud (HC) and enables the user to work offline to collect new building data through the creation of files or to edit existing building data. Using MINT, Auditors can create instant Proposals offline at the customer site to instantly show costs and savings.
 Using one-step synchronization, the user uploads all data and Proposals from the MINT app to the HC, which then become immediately available to all appropriate users within their organization. The HC online portal allows organizations to continue expanding on files and Proposals, changing or adding to the building data, and collecting multiple Proposals to apply for incentives.
 When installing MINT for the first time, various universal items catalogs are uploaded. These can be used to automatically populate relevant information in your files.
 MINT hosts files, created by the user, which act as containers for all the building information collected. Each file offers a File Overview screen, providing quick access to client information, directions to the site, and the ability to call the client. It also consists of the following main areas, each briefly discussed below. All information is collected offline. No internet connection is needed.
 Files: Building data collections. Files can be created directly on the MINT app or can be created in HEEC and downloaded to the MINT app. Existing Files assigned to the logged-in User and 'In Progress' will be downloaded to the MINT app. Files marked 'Done' are uploaded from the MINT app and removed from the local device.
 Items: Items consist of individual or groups of objects that have properties of energy consumption. Items, such as lighting fixtures, are populated using a search catalog or recently used items from previous collections.
 Areas: You can break down sections of a building. This can be an entire floor or broken down into specific areas, like bathroom, office, etc.
 Building Info: This section provides information gathered about the building including the building type, total area, year built, and utility billing information such as electricity, oil, water, etc.
 Notes Summary: MINT is able to capture multimedia images of the building. In this section, you can take photos of the building, floor layouts, rooms, fixtures, etc. You can also add helpful notes to the pictures.
 Operating Schedules: This summarizes the operating schedules you created within your areas.
 Attachments: You can attach helpful information, such as spreadsheets, reports, etc.
 Proposals: Using this feature allows you to instantly make changes to the building information and create a Proposal showing the instant cost savings that you can share with your customer immediately while still onsite.
 To-Do List: You can keep a running to-do list for each file, easily seen and ready to update as needed.
 After collecting all the data and generating proposals, the user syncs the files to the Hancock Energy Cloud online portal.
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\ldots p-1\}$. Universal quantification over an empty domain is trivially true. The rest of the properties of the invariant are easy to prove by just substituting the values of the variables in the first iteration ($k = p$, $i = 1$, $j = 1$).
Maintenance step
The general rule for proving maintenance is: $\{Inv \wedge B\}$ $S$ $\{Inv\}$, being $S$ the set of instructions in the loop body.
The maintenance of the following invariant properties need not be proved:
$\forall 1 \leq x \leq q-p+1 : L[x] = A'[p+x-1]$
$\forall 1 \leq x \leq r-q : R[x] = A'[q+x]$
$L[q-p+2] = R[r-q+1] = \infty$
$A'[p\ldots q]$ and $A_1[q+1\ldots r]$ are already sorted.
since $A'$, $L$, $R$, $p$, $q$ and $r$ are not modified during the execution of the loop.
For the rest of the properties, we are going to prove their maintenance by considering the two possible cases that can occur (either $L[i] \leq R[j]$ or $L[i] \gt R[j]$):
(a) $Inv \wedge B \wedge (L[i] \leq R[j]) \wedge (A[k] = L[i]) \implies ((Inv)_{i+1}^{i})_{k+1}^{k}$
 1. Maintenance of $p \leq k \leq r + 1$
$p \leq k \leq r + 1 \wedge B \implies (p \leq k \leq r + 1)^{k}_{k+1}$
$p \leq k \leq r + 1 \wedge k\leq r \implies p \leq k+1 \leq r + 1$
$p \leq k \leq r \implies p \leq k+1 \leq r + 1$
 1. Maintenance of $k = p+j+i-2$
At the end of the iteration, both $k$ and $i$ will have incremented by one with respect to their previous value, and $j$ will remain unchanged. Hence, the equality $k = p+j+i-2$ will be preserved.
 1. Maintenance of $i \leq q-p+2$ and $j \leq r-q+1$.
The variable $j$ remains unchanged so $j \leq r-q+1$ is maintained.
The variable $i$ cannot grow larger than $q-p+2$ because if $i = q-p+2$, then $L[i] = \infty$, and the condition $L[i] \leq R[j]$ (line 13) will fail provided that $R[j] \neq \infty$, or equivalently, $j \neq r-q+1$. Now, suppose $i = q-p+2$ and $j = r-q+1$ occur at the same time:
$Inv \wedge \color{red}{B} \wedge (i = q-p+2) \wedge (j = r-q+1)\implies$
$(k = p+j+i-2) \wedge (i = q-p+2) \wedge (j = r-q+1) \implies k = r + 1 \implies \color{red}{\lnot B}$
This is a contradiction, therefore, $i = q-p+2$ and $j = r-q+1$ cannot occur at the same time provided $Inv \wedge B$.
 1. Maintenance of $\varphi$
$Inv \wedge B \wedge (L[i] \leq R[j]) \wedge (A[k] = L[i]) \implies ((\varphi)^{i}_{i+1})^{k}_{k+1}$
We want to prove that $((\varphi)^{i}_{i+1})^{k}_{k+1}$, that is:
There exists a bijection $F : \{p\ldots k\} \rightarrow \{p \ldots p+i-1\} \cup \{q+1\ldots q+j-1\}$ such that
$\forall p \leq x \leq k : A[x] = A'[F(x)]$. Furthermore $\forall p\leq x \lt k : A[x] \leq A[x + 1]$.
We will do this in two steps. First we are going to prove $\forall p\leq x \lt k : A[x] \leq A[x + 1]$.
We know from $\Psi$ that $\forall p \leq x \leq k-1 : A[x] \leq min(L[i],R[j])$. Since $L[i] \leq R[j]$, then $\forall p \leq x \leq k-1 : A[x] \leq L[i]$. Since $A[k] = L[i]$, then $\forall p \leq x \leq k-1 : A[x] \leq A[k]$.
We know from $\varphi$ that $\forall p\leq x \lt k-1 : A[x] \leq A[x + 1]$. We can conclude that:
$$(\forall p\leq x \lt k-1 : A[x] \leq A[x + 1]) \wedge (\forall p \leq x \leq k-1 : A[x] \leq A[k]) \implies$$ $$\forall p\leq x \lt k : A[x] \leq A[x + 1]$$
Let's continue with the second part.
Let there be a bijection $F : \{p\ldots k-1\} \rightarrow \{p \ldots p+i-2\} \cup \{q+1\ldots q+j-1\}$ such that
$\forall p \leq x \leq k-1 : A[x] = A'[F(x)]$.
Since $A[k] = L[i] = A'[p+i-1]$, we can construct another bijection $F' : \{p\ldots k\} \rightarrow \{p \ldots p+i-1\} \cup \{q+1\ldots q+j-1\}$ such that
$\forall p \leq x \leq k : A[x] = A'[F'(x)]$.
 1. Maintenance of $\Psi$
$Inv \wedge B \wedge (L[i] \leq R[j]) \wedge (A[k] = L[i]) \implies ((\Psi)^{i}_{i+1})^{k}_{k+1}$
$\Psi: \forall p \leq x \leq k-1 : A[x] \leq min(L[i],R[j])$
Since $A[k] = L[i]$ and $L[i] \leq R[j]$, then $A[k] \leq min(L[i],R[j])$
Since $L[i] \leq L[i+1]$, then $min(L[i],R[j]) \leq min(L[i+1],R[j])$
Therefore, $\forall p \leq x \leq k : A[x] \leq min(L[i+1],R[j])$
(b) $Inv \wedge B \wedge (L[i] \gt R[j]) \wedge (A[k] = R[j]) \implies ((Inv)_{j+1}^{j})_{k+1}^{k}$
The proof of (b) is analogous to (a).
Termination step
First, we can derive that $Inv \wedge (k = r + 1)$ implies $(i = q-p+2)\wedge(j=r


text:
Blue stain is caused by fungi which colonize sapwood and produce highly coloured structures making the wood appear blue or grey. This reduces the value of the wood in appearance applications where the natural wood colour is desired. One way to restore the value of blue stained wood for appearance-grade markets is to remove the stain by bleaching. Chemical bleaching alone using either peroxide or hypochlorite systems has been shown to remove much of the colour associated with blue stain, but not all of it, leaving an unacceptable greenish tone. As a result there are no satisfactory methods for decolourizing blue stain on an industrial scale.
Recent preliminary work at FPInnovations – Forintek Division has shown that light can partially bleach blue stain and also bring up the typical aged pine colour that helps mask residual blue stain. Combinations of light exposure and chemical bleaching may therefore be able to fully remove blue stain and leave the wood with a pleasing, natural colour.
Exposure to intense UV and visible light for up to one hour significantly darkened heartwood and sapwood but did not remove blue stain. Both peroxide and hypochlorite bleaching significantly reduced the intensity of blue stain but left the wood with a slight blue-green tinge. Some combinations of hypochlorite bleaching and intense light exposure were able to remove most of the blue stain without significantly darkening the wood, while others darkened and reddened the wood.


text: Sinawi, sometimes spelled shinawi, is a traditional form of Korean music. It is performed improvisationally by a musical ensemble, and traditionally accompanies the rites of Korean shamanism. The style first emerged in the Chungcheong and Jeolla provinces, but is now widespread. The traditional sinawi ensemble followed the principle of sam-hyeon-yuk-gak (三絃六角), with two flutes, a haegeum, a daegeum, a janggu hourglass-drum, and a large buk drum. However, today other traditional Korean instruments such as the gayageum and geomungo are also often included.


text: method comprises the following steps: step 1, paving a pattern bearing layer with light transmission in a laser engraving area on the amber surface; and 2, performing laser engraving on the pattern bearing layer to form the laser engraved pattern on the amber. Therefore, according to the laser engraving method for the amber pattern, the defects that CNC machining and manual machining patterns are not clear, easy to scrap and low in efficiency can be overcome, and meanwhile through the arrangement of the light-transmitting pattern bearing layer, it can be guaranteed that the transparent and moist characteristics of the amber are not damaged by laser.discloses a laser engraving method for an amber pattern and an amber ornament. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, paving a pattern bearing layer with light transmission in a laser engraving area on the amber surface; and 2, performing laser engraving on the pattern bearing layer to form the laser engraved pattern on the amber. Therefore, according to the laser engraving method for the amber pattern, the defects that CNC machining and manual machining patterns are not clear, easy to scrap and low in efficiency can be overcome, and meanwhile through the arrangement of the light-transmitting pattern bearing layer, it can be guaranteed that the transparent and moist characteristics of the amber are not damaged by laser.


text:
EPA publishes Industrial Applications of Membrane Technology in Ireland: A Review
Published on: Friday, 08 April 2011
A detailed study has been undertaken by the Department's National Centre on Membrane Technology of synthetic membrane separation technology application and research in Ireland. This report highlights existing trends and compares the current status of membrane technology in Ireland with international norms.
Membrane separation processes are used widely in industrial, laboratory, medical and research applications to purify, concentrate, sterilise or separate streams or samples. They can provide an efficient and reliable solution for critical separation challenges and have demonstrated superior performance across a broad range of applications, versus alternative technologies.


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Flat object field type
In OpenSearch, you don't have to specify a mapping before indexing documents. If you don't specify a mapping, OpenSearch uses dynamic mapping to map every field and its subfields in the document automatically. When you ingest documents such as logs, you may not know every field's subfield name and type in advance. In this case, dynamically mapping all new subfields can quickly lead to a "mapping explosion," where the growing number of fields may degrade the performance of your cluster.
The flat object field type solves this problem by treating the entire JSON object as a string. Subfields within the JSON object are accessible using standard dot path notation, but they are not indexed for fast lookup.
The maximum field value length in the dot notation is 224 − 1.
The flat object field type provides the following benefits:
 - Efficient reads: Fetching performance is similar to that of a keyword field.
 - Memory efficiency: Storing the entire complex JSON object in one field without indexing all of its subfields reduces the number of fields in an index.
 - Space efficiency: OpenSearch does not create an inverted index for subfields in flat objects, thereby saving space.
 - Compatibility for migration: You can migrate your data from systems that support similar flat types to OpenSearch.
Mapping a field as a flat object applies when a field and its subfields are mostly read and not used as search criteria because the subfields are not indexed. Flat objects are useful for objects with a large number of fields or when you don't know the keys in advance.
Flat objects support exact match queries with and without dot path notation. For a complete list of supported query types, see Supported queries.
Searching for a specific value of a nested field in a document may be inefficient because it may require a full scan of the index, which can be an expensive operation.
Flat objects do not support:
 - Type-specific parsing.
 - Numerical operations, such as numerical comparison or numerical sorting.
 - Text analysis.
 - Highlighting.
 - Aggregations of subfields using dot notation.
 - Filtering by subfields.
Supported queries
The flat object field type supports the following queries:
Limitations
The following limitations apply to flat objects in OpenSearch 2.7:
 - Flat objects do not support open parameters.
 - Painless scripting and wildcard queries are not supported for retrieving values of subfields.
This functionality is planned for a future release.
Using flat object
The following example illustrates mapping a field as a flat object, indexing documents with flat object fields, and searching for leaf values of the flat object in those documents.
Only the root field of a document can be defined as a flat object. You cannot define an object that is part of another JSON object as a flat object because when a flat object is flattened to a string, the nested architecture of the leaves is lost.
First, create a mapping for your index, where issue is of type flat_object:
PUT /test-index/
{
 "mappings": {
 "properties": {
 "issue": {
 "type": "flat_object"
 }
 }
 }
}
Next, index two documents with flat object fields:
PUT /test-index/_doc/1
{
 "issue": {
 "number": "123456",
 "labels": {
 "version": "2.1",
 "backport": [
 "2.0",
 "1.3"
 ],
 "category": {
 "type": "API",
 "level": "enhancement"
 }
 }
 }
}
PUT /test-index/_doc/2
{
 "issue": {
 "number": "123457",
 "labels": {
 "version": "2.2",
 "category": {
 "type": "API",
 "level": "bug"
 }
 }
 }
}
To search for a leaf value of the flat object, use either a GET or a POST request. Even if you don't know the field names, you can search for a leaf value in the entire flat object. For example, the following request searches for all issues labeled as bugs:
GET /test-index/_search
{
 "query": {
 "match": {"issue": "bug"}
 }
}
Alternatively, if you know the subfield name in which to search, provide the field's path in dot notation:
GET /test-index/_search
{
 "query": {
 "match": {"issue.labels.category.level": "bug"}
 }
}
In both cases, the response is the same and contains document 2:
{
 "took": 1,
 "timed_out": false,
 "_shards": {
 "total": 1,
 "successful": 1,
 "skipped": 0,
 "failed": 0
 },
 "hits": {
 "total": {
 "value": 1,
 "relation": "eq"
 },
 "max_score": _PHONE_,
 "hits": [
 {
 "_index": "test-index",
 "_id": "2",
 "_score": _PHONE_,
 "_source": {
 "issue": {
 "number": "123457",
 "labels": {
 "version": "2.2",
 "category": {
 "type": "API",
 "level": "bug"
 }
 }
 }
 }
 }
 ]
 }
}
Using a prefix query, you can search for all issues for the versions that start with 2.:
GET /test-index/_search
{
 "query": {
 "prefix": {"issue.labels.version": "2."}
 }
}
With a range query, you can search for all issues for versions 2.0–2.1:
GET /test-index/_search
{
 "query": {
 "range": {
 "issue": {
 "gte": "2.0",
 "lte": "2.1"
 }
 }
 }
}
350 characters left
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text:
7th December 2015
PEAK India Precision Webinar
Discover how Precision gas generators can transform your GC laboratory
Dr. Ed Connor of PEAK Scientific, in association with First Source Laboratory Solutions, presents an informative webinar on the benefits of switching to laboratory gas generators for Gas Chromatography.
A PEAK Scientific first, this webinar is designed to give GC users in India an insight into the benefits of upgrading their GC gas supply to on-site PEAK Precision generators. The webinar is FREE to attend and will be held at 3pm (Indian Standard Time) on the 15th of December 2015, all you need to do is register by clicking HERE.
Combining convenience and reliability in a stackable and modular design, Precision gas generators are the safe and practical solution for your GC detector, reference and carrier gas requirements, be it hydrogen, nitrogen or zero air. â€¬Engineered to deliver a constant flow and purity of gas with no fuss and optimum consistency of results, Precision also eliminates inconvenient disruptions or recurring and unpredictable costs associated with cylinders.
Dr. Ed Connor has a wealth of experience working with Gas Chromatography, Ed has over a decade's experience working in the life science market at ETH Zurich and the University of Zurich in Switzerland. With first-hand experience of the benefits of gas generators over traditional cylinder gas, Ed gained valuable experience on GC method development, sampling methods, user training and GC maintenance during his time in Switzerland.
The short webinar will include a Q&A session giving you the chance to ask questions directly to Dr. Ed Connor and PEAK Scientific colleagues.
Unable to attend? Send any questions or enquiries you have through our contact page.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am thinking about smooth vector fields on some (open set of an) euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^n$.
I know that the integral curves of a general vector field $X$ are not defined for every time $t\in \mathbb{R}$. A simple example is given by $X=x^2 \partial _x$ on $\mathbb{R}$, whose integral curve emanating at $t=0$ from some $x_0 >0$ is given by $\gamma(t) = \frac{x_0}{1-tx_0}$. This curve is defined only on $]-\infty, \frac{1}{x_0}[$; moreover as $t$ ranges in that set we have $\gamma (t)\in ]0,+\infty[$.
I would like to see an example of a vector field $X \in \mathfrak{X}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ such that the integral curve emanating at $t=0$ from some point $p$ is defined only for bounded times $t\in]-T,T[$ $ \ $ (with $T<+\infty$) and also remains bounded "in space", i.e. there exist a compact $K\subset \mathbb{R}^n$ such that $\gamma (t) \in K, \ \ \forall t \in ]-T,T[$. Can anyone provide some example or hint to build one?
Edit from comments: it has been pointed out that, by the Escape Lemma, such a vector field cannot exist, because if the maximal domain is not the whole $\mathbb{R}$, then the curves are forced to "escape" any compact set.
So let me slightly modify my question: in the above notations, let $T=+\infty$, so that the maximal domain is $\mathbb{R}$ and the integral curves can a priori be bounded. The first example I can think of is the following:
consider $X=x\partial _y -y\partial _x \in \mathfrak{X}(\mathbb{R}^2)$ and $p=(1,0)$. Then the integral curve starting at $p$ is just $S^1$ and $X$ can be pictured as its tangent counter-clockwise unit vector field.
This would answer my question, but this is not what I was really looking for, because this curve is not simple (it's periodic indeed), so it's defined for every time and bounded, but let me say in a quite trivial way.
So what I'm actually looking for is this: a vector field $X$ that at some point has a simple integral curve (i.e. injective as a map $\gamma : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}^n$) which is bounded in a compact set $K$ (and so globally defined, by the Escape Lemma). Is this possible? (maybe there is another result I don't know which proves this cannot be the case).
share|improve this question
Maybe I'm forgetting (it's been years since I took manifolds), but isn't this exactly what the Escape Lemma says cannot happen? Concretely, that if the maximal domain of an integral curve is not all of $\mathbb{R}$, then it must escape to infinity (i.e. it cannot lie in any compact set). – Matt Jan 23 '13 at 17:30
_USER_ : you are right! I didn't know this lemma, thank you. I've edited my question accordingly. – Lor Jan 23 '13 at 19:13
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2 Answers
up vote 2 down vote accepted
How about a vector field in the plane with a stable limit cycle?
$$ \frac{dr}{dt} = r(1-r) \\ \frac{d \theta}{dt} = r $$ If I'm not mistaken, this is a continuous vector field with an unstable singularity at the origin such that any initial condition in the punctured disk $\{1 > r > 0\}$ tends toward the periodic orbit $\{r = 1\}$.
share|improve this answer
This is what I was looking for, so I tried to carry out the computations. It turns out (if I'm still able to solve ODEs) that the integral curve starting from $(r_0,\theta _0)$ is given by $r(t)=\frac{r_0 e^t }{1-r_0 +r_0 e^t }$ and $\theta (t)= \theta _0 + ln (1-r_0 +r_0 e^t)$. So this is a complete vector field with integral curves bounded in the unit ball and tending towards the special orbits in $0$ and $S^1$ as $t \to -\infty$ or $+\infty$. Thank you very much! – Lor Jan 31 '13 at 11:58
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How about this flow in $\mathbb{R}^3$: $$\begin{align} \dot{x} &= -\beta y + 2zx\\ \dot{y} &= \beta x + 2zy\\ \dot{z} &= 4 - x^2 - y^2 + z^2 \end{align} $$ If one embed $\mathbb{R}^3$ into $S^3 \subset \mathbb{R}^4 \sim \mathbb{C}^2$ through the mapping: $$\begin{align} (x,y,z) &\to (X,Y,Z,W) = (\frac{x}{1+r^2/4},\frac{y}{1+r^4/4},\frac{z}{1+r^2/4},\frac{1-r^2/4}{1+r^2/4})\\ &\to (U,V) = (X+iY, Z+iW) \end{align} $$ the above flow can be rewritten as: $$\begin{align} \dot{U} &= i\beta U\\ \dot{V} &= -4 i V \end{align} $$ This flow is a rotation in $U$ direction with speed $\beta$ and $V$ direction with speed $-4$. If $\beta$ is irrational and $|U|, |V| \ne 0$, the flow line will not repeat and fill the surface of a torus.
This flow in $\mathbb{R}^3$ is possible because of the famous Hopf fibration of $S^3$ by $S^2$. If you want to have a feeling how the torus are nested, the wiki page of Hopf fibration is a possible start.
share|improve this answer
This example is really nice, thank you! Let me see if I get the geometry of this. The integral curves starting from $(U_0,V_0)$ are given by $(U(t),V(t))=(U_0 e^{i\beta t},V_0 e^{-i4t})$, so they live on a torus in $S^3$. If I take $|U|=|V|=1$, isn't this the canonical Heegaard surface of genus 1 for $S^3$? – Lor Jan 31 '13 at 12:53
Do you mean $|U| = |V| = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$? It is clearly a torus and acted as a Heegaard surface of genius 1. I don't know whether it is the canonical one you referred to. I've only heard of their names but never studied them. – achille hui Jan 31 '13 at 13:26
sure, I was thinking about unit vectors, but I haven't written it properly. Anyway this is what I mean with "canonical Heegaard surface of genus 1 for $S^3$", so I'm really happy with this example, thanks again! – Lor Jan 31 '13 at 14:07
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Your Answer


text:
What is a button? Well, the answer varies depends on who's answering the question. Ask a tailor and he'll tell you a button is the simplest element used to keep clothes together. Ask a computer programmer and he'll probably tell you that a button is the simplest element used to hold a GUI application together.
Look at any Web page or application on your computer desktop and you'll see what we mean. The button is merely an element with text. When you click on it, it does something--usually exactly what the text says it will do. Click the "Save" button and your work is saved. Click the "Delete" button and your work is deleted. Simple, right?
In Shoes applications, the button is not only a simple and commonly-used element, but incredibly easy to create. The button method takes a single argument: the text to display in the button.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Android Beacon Library
An Android library providing APIs to interact with Beacons
Home Download Quick Start Sample Code Docs Support
Detecting Beacons After App is Killed
When properly configured, the Android Beacon Library guarantees your app can respond to beacon events, even if the user does not manually launch the app or even if the user kills the app.
Understanding how the details of how this works requires understanding the differences between the five ways to an application can be stopped on Android:
 1. The user hits the back button until the app exits.
 2. The user goes to the task switcher and swipes an app off the screen.
 3. The operating system terminates an app due to low memory.
 4. The user shuts down the phone.
 5. The user goes to Settings -> Applications and requests a force stop.
When a user stops an app in case 1, all of the application's background services remain running, allowing the app to continue responding to beacon detections. When an app stops in cases 2-5, the application's background services are terminated by Android OS, meaning that beacon detections are no longer possible until the the app restarts, at least in the background.
Applications that implement the library's RegionBootstrap class will automatically restart in the background to look for beacons as soon as possible. On Android 4.3-7.x, this restart happens within five minutes of termination using AlarmManager intents, and may also be triggered by other system events including reboot and connecting/disconnecting the device to a charger. Applications implementing the RegionBootstrap will be looking for beacons whenever the device is powered, except for a five minute period after manual termination or after termination due to low memory conditions. On Android 8.0+, it may take up to 25 minutes to detect again after the app is killed. See here for more info.
It is important to note that applications that are automatically started into the background using the RegionBootstrap are usually not visible in the task switcher because no user interface elements have yet been displayed. Only once a user interacts with the app by bringing up its user interface is it available in the task switcher.
Note that this is a subtle difference from the iOS implementation of beacons, which will never detect a beacon again after an app is terminated (on iOS 7.0) or immediately detect an beacon again (on iOS 7.1+). For Android apps using this library as described above, detections are guaranteed to resume within five minutes on Android 4.x-7.x and within about 25 minutes on Android 8+.
When testing beacon detections after a force termination of an app, simply connect/disconnect the device to a charger to immediately be able to resume detections, or wait for the app to resume.
It is important to note that not all means of terminating apps allows them to resume. Terminating an app as described in case 5 above will typically not allow them to resume automatically without starting them manually – this is a limitation imposed by the operating system. On a limited number of Android device models (e.g. BLU Advance 4.0), a custom tasks switcher is implemented in a non-standard way such that killing an app from tasks switcher as in case 2 puts the app into the same state as a force stop described in case 5.


text:
Congleton Town Council is encouraging people to join in World Car Free Day on Friday 22 September. The council hopes to raise awareness of the campaign taking part in towns and cities across the world. Motorists will be inspired to take a break from driving in a bid to make the town more environmentally friendly.
Congleton Town Mayor, Cllr Rob Moreton said: "Giving up your vehicle for all or part of the day could prove quite a challenge and is not the most convenient way to get from A to B. But if we can all act together and do our bit by making small changes, such as biking and walking, car sharing or using public transport it will help to reduce congestion, clear up our air and create safer streets particularly around the town's schools. Cleaning up our air is good for us in many ways, it not only benefits our physical health and the environment but can also protect our mental and brain health. Any reductions in air pollution that we make will lead to health improvements for our families and our local community."
Volunteers headed by Barry Speed from the town council's Green Working Group will be out and about on Friday 22 September measuring air quality outside three of the town's schools. Mr Speed says: "Local streets often get congested during drop-off and pick up times and are hot spots for air pollution. We will be using specialist monitoring equipment to take the air quality readings. Look out for us outside Mossley and Daven Primary School and Eaton Bank Academy from 8am-9am and 3pm-4pm. We will also be handing out leaflets to raise awareness and offering practical advice to residents to take simple steps."
If you miss the opportunity to talk with the volunteers on Friday, you can find them at the Congleton Green Fayre on Saturday 30 September from 10am – 4pm. Congleton Air Quality will have a stall on the closed Hight Street in the town centre. There will be something for everyone at the fayre organised by Congleton Town Council and Congleton Partnership. The closed High Street will showcase more than 30 local groups, organisations and businesses who are carrying out projects to help protect nature and our environment. Have a hug with the 'Hedgemen' who will make 30-minute appearances at 11am, 12pm, 1pm and 2pm. Be entertained and join in with circus skills – with no electric gadgets! Discover more about electric cars and electric bikes. Inside the Town Hall find the Congleton Repair Café, a book swap, and The Big Clothes Movement – for £2 you can fill a bag with pre-loved clothes. Congleton Lions will be collecting some of the hard-to-recycle products on their stall and North West Ambulance Service will be joining them to carry out free heart defibrillator awareness sessions.


text:
Next: a 32m-high Canopy Observation Tower
Since the bulk of the açaí planting is done, we are keeping the locals busy with the construction of a 30m-high canopy observation tower in the Garza Lagoon, a long-time dream we've had for the reserve. The tower will enable us to learn invaluable new information about the forest and also help us visually identify when poachers or loggers have entered the property. The lagoon is home to many commonly poached endangered species, including paiche (arapaima) and black caiman. It also serves as the rookery for at least 7 species of water birds, including the Agami Heron, whose eggs were previously poached by locals.


MultiMarkdown footnotes in TextMate
Earlier this week, there was a thread on the TextMate mailing list about creating footnotes in text files. It was suggested that MultiMarkdown had a good footnote implementation and that my reference link macro/command/snippet system could be modified to make MultiMarkdown footnotes. As I was going to be spending some downtime this week flying and sitting in airports, I told the list I'd work it out and get back to them. So, thanks to a couple-hour delay at O'Hare, here it is.
The MultiMarkdown way of making footnotes follows the method described in this Markdown mailing list thread. It is apparently the format favored by John Gruber when he writes his Daring Fireball posts even though it hasn't made its way into his version of Markdown yet. Basically, you stick [^x] at the point you want the footnote marker to appear, and [^x]: footnote text at the bottom of the document. The "x" between the square brackets can be any string of characters. The format is basically the same as that for reference-style links, but with the addition of the caret character (^), which cleverly suggests the superscript commonly used for footnote markers.
As with the reference-style link system, the footnote-making system consists of a command that inserts a snippet and a macro that calls the command.
First, we create a new command called "Footnote" in the Markdown category of the Bundle editor and insert the following Perl code:
use List::Util qw(max);
$text = $text. "\n" unless substr($text, -1) eq "\n";
# Get the highest-numbered footnote.
_USER_ = $text =~ /^\[\^fn(\d+)\]: /mg;
$n = max(_USER_) + 1;
# Escape special characters.
$text =~ s/([\$\\'])/\\$1/g;
# Insert the snippet.
print '[^${1:fn'. $n. '}]$0'.
 $text. '[^$1]: ${2:footnote}'. "\n\n";
This command assumes that all the text is selected from the point at which the footnote marker is to appear to the end of the file (that's the $ENV{'TM_SELECTED_TEXT} part). Your Bundle Editor window should look like this:
(Click on the screenshot to see it full-sized.)
We now create a macro that makes that selection and calls the command. Start with a file that has some text and a couple of blank lines at the end. Then:
 1. Put the caret somewhere in the text. (At this point it doesn't really matter where, but to get a feel of how the macro will work, you'll probably want to put it where you want the footnote marker to appear.)
 2. Choose Start Macro Recording from the Automation menu.
 3. Press Command-Shift-Downarrow to select all the text from the caret to the end of the document.
 4. Invoke the Footnote command by choosing it from the little gear-like popup menu along the bottom of the TextMate window.
 5. Choose Stop Macro Recording from the Automation menu.
 6. Click anywhere in the document to deselect the footnote marker and interrupt the snippet.
 7. Press Command-Z to undo the snippet.
At this point, it's probably best to test out the macro a few times by choosing Replay Scratch Macro from the Automation menu. When you're convinced it's working, choose Save Scratch Macro… from the Automation menu and save it with the name "Footnote" in the Markdown section. Use whatever Tab Trigger or Key Equivalent you like (I chose a Key Equivalent of Control-F) and set the Scope Selector to "text.html.markdown." Your Bundle Editor window should now look like this:
To use the macro, put the caret where you want the footnote marker to appear and invoke the macro. The footnote marker, [^fn1], will appear at the caret position with the "fn1" selected and [^fn1]: footnote will appear at the bottom of the document. You can now type a new marker or just hit the Tab key to change the selection to the "footnote" text. When you're done changing the footnote text another press of the Tab key will move the caret back to the end of the footnote marker. If you left the footnote marker as "fn1," the next time you invoke the macro, the marker will be "fn2," and the time after that it will be "fn3," and so on. Please note that, as with the leading number in ordered list items, the number in your marker may not be the number that shows up in the HTML output.
There are two oddities you may be wondering about:
 1. Why [^fn1] and [^fn2] instead of just [^1] and [^2]?
 2. Why is there a blank line after each footnote?
The simple answer to both these questions is that MultiMarkdown won't work otherwise. I haven't looked into the code to see why, but MultiMarkdown doesn't recognize footnote markers with just a single digit after the caret. And it also gets confused by multiple footnotes unless they're separated by a blank line. My first thought is that restrictions are bugs in the implementation, but maybe there's a good reason for them.
One more thing. If you start using footnotes and processing them through MultiMarkdown, you'll soon find you need to create a "footnote" class in your CSS stylesheet. Otherwise, the footnote numbers will not be superscripted. And you'll have to create a "reversefootnote" class if you want the footnotes themselves to have a different style (e.g., a smaller font size) than the regular body text.
Happy footnoting!


!").
11. Recharge the Pulse-Ox by either leaving it connected to your powered up computer or using the supplied Charger plugged into a standard electric wall outlet. It works with both 120 and 240 volts ac power.
E. View the Pulse Ox Reports and Graphs in SleepyHead
1. Open SleepyHead and click the 'Oximetry' tab on the right sidebar or under the View menu at top. Disregard the "No Oximetry Data" subtitle. Click the 'Open .spo/R File' button in the lower right. (If your newly created oximetry data file does not show up in a list of one or more files, go to C:\Program Files (x86)\SpO2\Data.) Select an oximetry data file by clicking the sleep file for the date you want to view and click 'Open'. You should now see your red Pulse Rate and blue SpO2 oximetry graphs vs. clock time.
2. Click the Save icon button just left of 'Open .spo/R File' button and confirm 'Yes' that you want to save the data.
3. Now click 'Data' on the very top main menu line, then click 'Rebuild Oximetry Indices'.
4. Exit out and restart SleepyHead. Click the 'Daily' tab to view the Pulse Rate and SpO2 Oximetry graphs aligned in SleepyHead's time scale. They are at the bottom of the stack and each can be moved up by hovering your pointer directly over the graph heading (left-side); then press and hold the left mouse button and drag the graph up to your prefered position in the stack.
5. After you click the 'Daily' tab, you can click on any red dates to see Pulse-Ox charts for your sleep on those dates in tandem with the standard graphs.
F. Flipping the Display
If you want to invert the display screen, click the main control button on the face of the Pulse-Ox. The date, time and day will be displayed. Now click the main control button twice more to invert the view.
Notes: All the steps above need to be performed to see pulse-ox graphs and data for a selected date in SleepyHead. If the clock time setting on the Pulse-Ox and on your xpap machine do not match closely enough, you will see an alert that the pulse-ox data cannot be linked with SleepyHead. Re-sychronize the current time on the Pulse-Ox so it's the same as the time on your xpap machine. Also Note that fractured sleep sessions in SleepyHead are listed in the lower left and each can be toggled ON and OFF. User comments and suggestions are always welcome to update these instructions.
Mac Users: The supplied Pulse-Ox software may not as yet be fully compatible with the Mac. STL Mark, however, uses the Mac running Parallels with good results. He notes that after connecting the CMS-50F with the provided miniUSB cable, users need to click on the USB icon at the bottom right on the Parallels desktop screen; and then check to make sure that the CP21202 USB-to-UART bridge controller is selected via a check mark. You should then see "Device connected: waiting for data . . . " in SpO2 Review. See C.4 above.
_________________
Mask: DreamWear Nasal CPAP Mask with Headgear
Additional Comments: Machine: AirCurve 10 ASV (37043), Software:ResScan 5.7.0.9477, SleepyHead V1.00BETA2, Oximeter:CMS-50i
Machine: AirCurve 10 ASV, Mask: AirFit N30i
PulseOx Data-transfer to OSCAR4-23-12http://tinyurl.com/nzd64gu
Wireless SD Card Data-transfer to OSCAR 8-14-15http://tiny.cc/z1kv8x
Locked


text:
As of fall 2022, the restoration of the water infrastructure cost $5.5 billion
This assessment was given by the World Bank. Anna Danylyak, an expert on the development of sustainable agriculture of the NGO "Ekodiya" (Ecoaction), told about this during a briefing at Media Center Ukraine – Odesa.
She noted that this assessment refers to the first six months of the war and only to the territories controlled by the Ukrainian authorities.
"The losses of Ukraine's water infrastructure are water pumping stations, water treatment facilities, wells, water supply networks, wells, sewerage networks, the World Bank estimated at $7 billion. But this assessment is far from complete," – Anna Danylyak said.
She added that, according to the World Bank's estimate, $5.5 billion should have been spent on the restoration of water infrastructure.
"But this is a preliminary estimate as of last fall. The longer the war lasts, the bigger will be losses and the need for recovery," – the expert noted.
She also noted that studying the impact of hostilities on water as a component of the environment is, in her opinion, "a task with an asterisk."
"If we talk about the impact of war on water as a component of the environment, primarily on chemical pollution, then this is a task with an asterisk. "It is often unknown what the quality of water and its chemical composition was before the start of hostilities. It makes a really big difference. Studying the impact of hostilities is a specific task because you have to know what you are looking for. We are talking about pollution with heavy metals, petroleum products, and other toxic elements. Not every laboratory had the ability to conduct such analyzes in Ukraine," – the expert added.
Read more: _URL_


text:
The Story of the Fire-Swan contains examples of:
- Elemental Rock-Paper-Scissors: Because the fire-swan's feathers are in some way made of flames, they can't develop properly as long as he's in water.
- Gray Rain of Depression: The fire-swan swims around in one for a time, due to his inability to fly.
- The Owl-Knowing One: The fire-swan goes to seek the wise old owls help.
- Swans A-Swimming: The protagonist; the fire-swan.


Our Name
A talking crow - the story
Vintage image of young Eric and tony the crow playing with a GI Joe character
As a boy, Eric had a pet crow named Tony. Eric and his brothers taught him to say a few words like "Hello", "Don't fall", "Play ball". Tony often flew to the elementary school that Eric attended. While he was in class, the special needs children had their recess. One autistic boy in particular would repeat words to Tony and he would repeat them back to him. Through this exchange Tony learned how to count to ten and say his ABC's, and the boy began to talk more with others. The news of Tony spread through the area and was known as Tony, the talking crow.


text:
Distance between Masvingo and Zvishavane is 86 KM
The straight line distance between Masvingo and Zvishavane is 86 KM
or the mile base distance is 53.4 Miles. The travel route based distance from Masvingo to Zvishavane is more than the crow fly distance.
Masvingo and Zvishavane Location
The source travel point Masvingo is located at the latitue of -20.1 and the longitude of 30.8. The destination travel point is located at the lattitue of -20.1 and the longitude of 30.8.
Sun rise time difference between Masvingo and Zvishavane
The time difference between Masvingo and Zvishavane is 2 hours and 9 minutes. The actual time difference between two places Masvingo and Zvishavane may be same or vary based on the country or states standard time.
Masvingo and Zvishavane travel time
The travel time to reach Zvishavane from Masvingo is 1 hours and 26 minutes. We assumed your traveling speed is 60 kilometer per hour. If you take rest during travel that duration should be added with the given travel time. The given travel time between Masvingo and Zvishavane may differ due to the speed and waiting time of the vehicle. You can also calculate the tavel time by bus, train, flight, bycycle an walk.
Distance from Masvingo
You can get the answer for the following queries. What is the distance between Masvingo and Zvishavane?. what is the travel time between b Masvingo and Zvishavane?. You are welcome to use the following links to get more travel distance from Masvingo


Our lovely town is famous for its association with the precious black gemstone, sometimes known as Whitby jet.
Beautiful and distinctive, we love seeing jet jewellery in Whitby's shops, but then we started to wonder where it came from.
Did you know that jet is actually fossilised wood, created from the Monkey Puzzle tree (Araucaria tree to give the tree its Latin term)?
Jet is actually one of just a handful of natural, organic gemstones in the world. Its story is millions of years in the making.
Millions of years ago, Monkey Puzzle trees were commonplace around our coast. Over the millennia, the wood and debris washed to sea and was eventually compressed into a thick sedimentary layer.
Ever-increasing pressure caused the debris to disperse, with the more resistant bits forming into jet.
If you are lucky enough to pick up a fragment of jet on the beach, it's surprisingly lightweight.
Jet can be highly polished, creating the glossy finish you see in Whitby's retailers and elsewhere.
However, this is 'nowt new' as it's thought jet was used for decorative purposes back in the Bronze Age! So, if you're ever asking, what did the Victorians do for us, they helped make it popular, yet jet had been in use for centuries.
In a way, we do have Queen Victoria to thank for the popularity of jet. Following the early death of her husband, Prince Albert, she wore jet as part of her mourning attire.
Whitby Jet was also displayed at the Great Exhibition in 1851 in London.
Back in the 19th century, jet was mined and transported by pony, and the jet industry was a major employer in the area. It is thought around 200 miners worked the coastline to find the jet, and up to 1,500 jet-related workers were in Whitby by the late 1800s.
However, window-shopping for jet jewellery (or, even better, buying it!) is a Whitby tradition.
You can carefully search for jet along our shores, but it's a time-consuming task. You need a keen eye and the patience of a saint.
We prefer having a meander around Whitby's narrow, cobbled streets and admiring the black gemstone in a mullioned shop window,
One such jet emporium is W Hamond, one of several jet outlets in our lovely town. W Hamond was established in 1860 and use local jet in their creative process.
Positioned close to the foot of the 199-steps that lead up to Whitby Abbey, W Hamond is now collaborating with the globally famous luxury brand, Fabergé®.
The Faberge® story started in France in the 1680s and moved to St Peterburg, Russia in the 1830s.
Gustav Fabergé® worked in the Russian capital for Keibel, goldsmiths and jewellers to the Emperors of Russia.
Gustav completed his apprenticeship and opened a jewellery shop in Bolshaya Morskaya, a fashionable street in St Petersburg.
Gustav's son Peter took over the business in 1882 and in 1885 to 1886, the Russian Emperor commissioned the now iconic Easter Egg for the Empress.
Fabergé® was later nationalised following the Russian Revolution of 1917 and during the 20th Century underwent several challenges and changes before Fabergé® Limited announced it acquired the Fabergé® trademarks in 2007. Two years later, Fabergé® was relaunched.
During the following years, Fabergé® works alongside world-famous brands including Rolls Royce and more recently, W Hamond of Whitby.
Jet is rarer than diamonds but can be found in Germany, northern Spain, Turkey and New Mexico.
Whitby jet, though, is known for its excellent quality, including its toughness, stability and ability to polish up to a glossy shine.
If you go jet hunting, then Whitby is the wrong place to look, instead head up to Runswick Bay or Robin Hood's Bay.
There are very strict rules for jet gathering due to its rarity and small size.
Do NOT remove any jet from cliffs as if you want your own piece of jet, it must have been washed from the cliffs and onto the beach, where searchers can beach-comb for their finds.
Always keeps a safe distance from the cliffs and know your tide times allowing for incoming tides.
Also be sure you've found some jet and not a piece of coal. Take a piece of sandpaper with you, rub the specimen you've found against the paper and if it leaves a ginger-brown mark, then it is jet, otherwise it is coal.
Or you can always call into Whitby's jet shops for your own piece of gorgeous jewellery!
The craftworkers also use the gemstone Derbyshire Blue John along with other stunning materials such as amber and turquoise.
As we live and love Whitby, we are very proud of this famous industry which has such strong connections to our town.
Until next time …
Tagged as: Whitby Jet
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Attributes can be assigned to products. These allow PULPO WMS to identify any custom information that comes from the ERP system or any other source for better performance and control of tasks and processes within the warehouse. Attributes can contain (metadata) data used by third-party systems, which PULPO WMS itself does not need.
The open and publicly documented API of PULPO WMS makes it possible to quickly connect different systems. If required, PULPO WMS can also be used as an information hub to exchange important information between systems without these systems having to communicate directly with each other. This may be useful especially for older systems.
Examples of Data Transfer to Third-Party Systems: An order may e.g. receive important information for the TMS (Transport Management System) in its attributes.
Assigning attributes to products
Product Create/Edit dialog selected in the create and edit products process, attributes can be assigned by clicking the corresponding tab located at the right side of the screen.
The following information must be filled:
Attribute: Define a custom name for the product's attribute
Value: Assign (if necessary) a numeric value for the attribute
An attribute, for example, could be:
Storage_temperature : 5 °C
This attribute will remain with the product through every task and process that PULPO WMS performs so that users and third parties can easily identify the product's customized information.
Example of URL image attribute:
Suppose you would like to create a product that carries an attribute related to a URL image. PULPO WMS allows this type of attributes to better recognize and identify products in the warehouses:
First, a product must be created in PULPO WMS. This can be done manually in the Web App by following the steps explained in the create/edit products article.
Suppose you created a product called "Television". When it comes to assigning the product's attribute, you can fill in the URL information you want regarding the television. Simply type: "image_url" as the name of the attribute and paste the image link in the value field. Then click on the
3. PULPO WMS will then display, in the detailed information of the product, the corresponding URL image, thus allowing it to improve the visualization of any product from the list.


text:
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Mirroring the results of research in adults, a new study shows that white children are at a higher risk of breaking a bone than children of other races.
The researchers say that genetics might have something to do with the differences, but it's also possible that environmental factors - such as participation in sports - could play a role.
Earlier studies have shown that white women are more likely to suffer a fracture than black women (see Reuters Health report of May 3, 2005).
Tishya Wren, the lead author of the study and professor at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, said her study stemmed from a larger research program looking at children's bone health.
The study included 1,470 girls and boys aged six to 17 years old, whose bone density and broken bones were tracked for six years.
"When I separated our data by race...we noticed this very interesting relationship, which hasn't really been recognized (in children) before," Wren said.
She and her colleagues found that 22 percent of the white kids had had a fracture, while only 12 percent of the other children had experienced a fracture.
White boys appeared to be the most at risk. By the end of the study, about 28 percent had had a fracture, compared to about 18 percent of white girls, 12 percent of non-white boys and six percent of non-white girls.
Most of the fractures occurred while the kids were playing sports, and Wren's group found that lower body fat and more participation in sports were tied to an increased risk of fracture.
For instance, playing sports more than four days per week was tied to a 35 percent increased risk of having a fracture, the group reports in The Journal of Pediatrics.
After the researchers took into account risk factors, such as how many sports the kids played and their body type, they still found that white children had about a two-fold risk of fracturing a bone.
"We think some of it must be related to a genetic type of effect," Wren told Reuters Health. "We also think there might be something inherent in the bone itself that's causing it to be more susceptible to fracture."
SOCIOECONOMICS MAY PLAY A ROLE
Still, Ryan noted, it's possible that the study didn't fully capture how much exposure kids had to high-risk activities, because the researchers didn't examine the children's socioeconomic status.
Ryan said other studies have shown that more children from wealthier families are more likely to play organized sports.
"I would use caution in definitively stating that these findings reflect a racial disparity without incorporating socioeconomic status," she told Reuters Health.
Wren said that until the contributors to the increased risk of broken bones are nailed down, it is important to use the findings to keep parents and doctors aware of the risks.
She said she would not tell parents to avoid sports to reduce kids' risks, because other studies have found that kids with higher body mass and less dense bone - signs indicative of being inactive - are at a greater risk of having a fracture from low-impact injuries.
SOURCE: _URL_ The Journal of Pediatrics, online September 12, 2012.


ArcMap
Concatenate Row Values
In a table you can concatenate field values or row values.
Concatenating field values
Learn more about concatenating field values from this blog.
Concatenating row values
Download the script tool from here. This tool is based on a python script that takes an input table, selects a row(s) based on a field value, and concatenates the row values of any other specified field. This tool does not create a new output, but updates the input data.
Example of using Concatenating Row Values tool
Usually, in field sampling data a single point (e.g. the center or the intersection of a quadrant) is linked to an area in the field, and the data recorded for each species (grass/shrubs vegetation) within the quadrant is added as a separate entry linked to the same point as shown below:
This data has multiple records for the same center point of the quadrants. In such cases, if you want to concatenate the vegetation values for the same quadrant you can run the Concatenate Row Values tool (as shown below):
After concatenating the row values, you don't need all the multiple points because one point has all the information you need (the All_Vegetation field). The Delete Identical tool can then be used to delete all but one of the multiple points (as shown below):
This workflow is shown below in a simple model:
Since both the tools modify the input, creating a backup copy of the input is strongly recommended.
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49 Comments
 1. nadinewazen says:
 Thank you this is a very helpful tool.
 I used it to concatenate values in English and it worked just fine.
 However I am having a problem using it to concatenate values in Arabic.
 I am getting the following error:
 Executing: ConcatenateRowValues22 Union_Munip_Concatenated Union_Na_1 Short_Name VillagesAr ", "
 Start Time: Mon Apr 02 12:11:14 2012
 Running script ConcatenateRowValues22…
 PYTHON ERRORS:
 Traceback Info:
 File "C:Documents and SettingsNadineMy DocumentsArcGISNW_DB_UN_HabitatConcatenateRowValues10ScriptsConcatenaterowvalueArc.py", line 106, in
 value = str(lastvalue) + Delimiter + str(value)
 Error Info:
 : 'ascii' codec can't encode characters in position 0-4: ordinal not in range(128)
 ArcPy ERRORS:
 Completed script ConcatenateRowValues22…
 Failed to execute (ConcatenateRowValues22).
 Failed at Mon Apr 02 12:11:15 2012 (Elapsed Time: 1.00 seconds)
 If I got it right the problem is in the fact that Arabic is not encoded in ASCII. Is there a way to modify the script to make it identify it as UTF-8?
 Would appreciate any help i can get,
 Thank you !!
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Fabio Burderi
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In recent years codes that are not Uniquely Decipherable (UD) have been studied partitioning them in classes that localize the ambiguities of the code. A natural question is how we can extend the notion of maximality to codes that are not UD. In this paper we give an answer to this question. To do this we introduce a partial order in the set of submonoids(More)
The canonical coding partition of a set of words is the finest partition such that the words contained in at least two factorizations of a same sequence belong to a same class. In the case the set is not uniquely decipherable, it partitions the set into one unambiguous class and other parts that localize the ambiguities in the factorizations of finite(More)
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text:
,the aspheric surface must be quickly modified, high precision testing is the basement of rapid convergence of the surface error . There many methods on aspheric surface detection, Geometric ray detection, hartmann detection, ronchi text, knifeedge method, direct profile test, interferometry, while all of them have their disadvantage. In recent years，the measure of the aspheric surface become one of the import factors which are restricting the aspheric surface processing development. A two meter caliber industrial CMM（coordinate measuring machine） is avaiable, but it has many drawbacks such as large detection error and low repeatability precision in the measurement of aspheric surface coarse grinding , which seriously affects the convergence efficiency during the aspherical mirror processing. To solve those problems, this paper presents an effective error control, calibration and removal method by calibration mirror position of the real-time monitoring and other effective means of error control, calibration and removal by probe correction and the measurement mode selection method to measure the point distribution program development. This method verified by real engineer examples, this method increases the original industrial-grade coordinate system nominal measurement accuracy PV value of 7 microns to 4microns, Which effectively improves the grinding efficiency of aspheric mirrors and verifies the correctness of the method. This paper also investigates the error detection and operation control method, the error calibration of the CMM and the random error calibration of the CMM .
With the increase of the diameter of the silicon carbide (SiC) mirror, the amount of material removed increases dramatically. The SiC material has the characteristics of high hardness and chemical stability, so the higher requirement of the convergence efficiency is put forward. The current SiC mirror processing is carried out through a series of different processes or parameters. The combined processing converge the surface residual error. But this method relies on the experience of personnel experience to determine the transfer conditions of process sequencing. This paper research on improve the convergence efficiency at the same time ensuring the accuracy of processing. The quantified evaluation function is put forward to help estimating the transfer conditions of process sequencing. On this basis, the multi-process combination calculation is carried out. The dwell time of multiple remove functions is solved at the same time in the optimization process. The combination of large and small removal function is optimized. Combined with the simulation calculation, the optimized process of large diameter silicon carbide mirror is given.
Signal noise ratio analysis and on-orbit performance estimation of a solar occultation Fourier transform spectrometer
Taking the advantages of high spectral resolution, high sensitivity and wide spectral coverage, space borne Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTS) plays more and more important role in atmospheric composition sounding. The combination of solar occultation and FTS technique improves the sensitivity of instrument. To achieve both high spectral resolution and high signal to noise ratio (SNR), reasonable allocation and optimization for instrument parameters are the foundation and difficulty. The solar occultation FTS (SOFTS) is a high spectral resolution (0.03 cm-1) FTS operating from 2.4 to 13.3 μm (750-4100cm-1), which will determine the altitude profile information of typical 10-100km for temperature, pressure, and the volume mixing ratios for several dozens of atmospheric compositions. As key performance of SOFTS, SNR is crucially important to high accuracy retrieval of atmospheric composition, which is required to be no less than 100:1 at the radiance of 5800K blackbody. Based on the study of various parameters and its interacting principle, according to interference theory and operation principle of time modulated FTS, a simulation model of FTS SNR has been built, which considers satellite orbit, spectral radiometric features of sun and atmospheric composition, optical system, interferometer and its control system, measurement duration, detector sensitivity, noise of detector and electronic system and so on. According to the testing results of SNR at the illuminating of 1000 blackbody, the on-orbit SNR performance of SOFTS is estimated, which can meet the mission requirement.
The number of space debris has been increasing dramatically in the last few years, and is expected to increase as much in the future. As the orbital debris population grows, the risk of collision between debris and other orbital objects also grows. Therefore, space debris detection is a particularly important task for space environment security, and then supports for space debris modeling, protection and mitigation. This paper aims to review space debris detection systematically and completely. Firstly, the research status of space debris detection at home and abroad is presented. Then, three kinds of optical observation methods of space debris are summarized. Finally, we propose a space-based detection scheme for space debris by photometric and polarimetric characteristics.
The optical system of lunar rover navigation camera has a direct influence on imaging quality, and an indirect influence on the programming of march forward of lunar rover. One type of lunar rover navigation camera optical system with the symmetrical structure was introduced. It also set up the suitable position of stop to achieve the relative distortion lower than 0.053 percent under the 60 degrees wide field-of-view. It applied the hyperfocal distance principle to achieve the clear imaging from 0.5 meter to infinity. The modulation transfer function is close to diffraction limit at the Nyquist frequency (at standard object distance). Considering the complicate environment of lunar surface and the demand of exploration, it selected the appropriate work spectral coverage and was cooperated by the irradiation reinforce. As a result, it can bear 1×104 Rad (Si) space irradiation and is capable of keeping working normally in the severe environment with its temperature varying from -60°C to + 90°C.
Variable curvature mirror (VCM) can change its curvature radius dynamically and is usually used to correct the defocus and spherical aberration caused by thermal lens effect to improve the output beam quality of high power solid-state laser. Recently, the probable application of VCM in realizing non-moving element optical zoom imaging in visible band has been paid much attention. The basic requirement for VCM lies in that it should provide a large enough saggitus variation and still maintains a high enough surface figure at the same time. Therefore in this manuscript, by combing the pressurization based actuation with a variable thickness mirror design, the purpose of obtaining large saggitus variation and maintaining quite good surface figure accuracy at the same time could be achieved. A prototype zoom mirror with diameter of 120mm and central thickness of 8mm is designed, fabricated and tested. Experimental results demonstrate that the zoom mirror having an initial surface figure accuracy superior to 1/80λ could provide bigger than 36um saggitus variation and after finishing the curvature variation its surface figure accuracy could still be superior to 1/40λ with the spherical aberration removed, which proves that the effectiveness of the theoretical design.
To achieve the efficient, controllable, digital processing and high-precision detection of the high-caliber off-axis aspheric mirror, meeting the high-level development needs of the modern high-resolution, large field of space optical remote sensing camera, we carried out the research on high precision machining and testing technology of off-axis aspheric mirror. First, we forming the off-axis aspheric sample with diameter of 574mm × 302mm by milling it with milling machine, and then the intelligent robot equipment was used for off-axis aspheric high precision polishing. Surface detection of the sample will be proceed with the off-axis aspheric contact contour detection technology and offaxis non-spherical surface interference detection technology after its fine polishing using ion beam equipment. The final surface accuracy RMS is 12nm.
The laser communication terminal is a precision optical, mechanical, electrical integration device which operations extremely high accuracy. It is hard to improve the space environment adaptability in the hash vibration, thermal cycling, high vacuum and radiation conditions space environment. Accordingly, the optical antenna will be influenced by space thermal environment. Laser energy will be absorbed when optical antenna under the irradiation of laser. It can contribute to thermal distortion and make the beam quality degradation which affects the performance of laser communications links. This influence will aggravate when the laser power rising.Wavefront aberration is the distance between the ideal reference sphere and the actual distorted wavefront. The smaller the wavefront aberration, the better the optical performance of the optical antenna. On the contrary, the greater the wavefront aberration, the worse the performance of the optical antenna or even affect the normal operation of the optical antenna. The performance index of the optical antenna generally requires the wavefront aberration to be better than λ/20. Due to the different thermal and thermal expansion coefficients of the material, the effect of thermal deformation on the optical antenna can be reduced by matching the appropriate material. While the appropriate support structure and proper heat dissipation design can also reduce the impact. In this paper, the wavefront aberration of the optical antenna is better than λ/50 by the material matching and the appropriate support structure and the secondary design of the diameter of 5mm hole thermal design.
This paper describes an approach to reconstructing wavefronts on finer grid using the frozen flow hypothesis (FFH), which exploits spatial and temporal correlations between consecutive wavefront sensor (WFS) frames. Under the assumption of FFH, slope data from WFS can be connected to a finer, composite slope grid using translation and down sampling, and elements in transformation matrices are determined by wind information. Frames of slopes are then combined and slopes on finer grid are reconstructed by solving a sparse, large-scale, ill-


Quadcopter vs Hexacopter
Quadcopter vs Hexacopter
If you're looking for a hexacopter, you have to ensure a few things. You should know the advantages of a hexacopter as compared to a quadcopter. Make sure that which drone will meet your needs effectively. In this article, we will discuss which is better: quadcopter vs hexacopter.
We will compare both drones, which will make it easy for you.
quadcopter vs hexacopter
What is a quadcopter?
A drone has four rotors that help it fly in the air and hover for a long time. A quadcopter is a remote-controlled UAV ( Unmanned Aircraft Vehicle) mainly used for videography.
What is a Hexacopter?
A hexacopter consists of six rotors and six motors that help fly in the air. It's also a UAV controlled by a remote.
Use of Quadcopter
Quadcopter mostly for videography and photography. These drones are mostly compact in size and low in weight. One disadvantage of quadcopters is they can't lift an additional payload
Use of quadcopter
Use of Hexacopter
Hexacopter is used in high-level cinematography. The Main is they can lift larger cameras which use for films. These UAVs are available in all sizes.
Pros and Cons Of Quadcopter vs Hexacopter
Hexacopter are different from quadcopters in many ways which we will discuss now.
Payload Capacity
Hexacopter can lift heavy weights as compared to quadcopters. This is the reason they can be seen in industries like agriculture, professional cinematography and surveying
Flight Duration
Now quadcopters have an edge over hexacopters. They don't offer any additional flight time due to larger weights. They need more power to lift heavy weights.
Sizes
One more benefit of quadcopters is that they are compact compared to helicopters. The quadcopter can be foldable as well.
Motor Dependent
Hexacopter has six motors, if the motor fails, the aircraft will be stable to maintain elevation and land safely. On the hand, quadcopters have four motors. If one of them fails drone will crash.
Quadcopter vs Hexacopter
Expensive
Hexacopters are more expensive because of their design and additional functions. These UAVs mostly use in industries and need to be good in quality. That's why they are expensive
Which one is more stable
Since hexacopter have motors in a circular pattern compared to quadcopters, changing direction is more stable and work will be done more effectively.
Conclusion
Hexacopters are mostly used in industries and for professional work. If you're new to drones, you should go with a quadcopter that helps you learn skills. Quadcopters are very much cheaper.
Quadcopters are most commonly used for videography. A quadcopter is best if you're looking for a drone for videography.
FAQs
Is a hexacopter better than a quadcopter?
Hexacopter can lift heavy weights, providing more stable flight than quadcopters. If one of the motors fails, the hexacopter can maintain its balance and land safely.
What are Hexacopter drones used for?
Hexacopters mostly used for
Film videography
Agriculture industries
Surveying purposes and other fields require heavy weight lifting.
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REnthusiast REnthusiast - 11 months ago 76
R Question
Error in contrasts when defining a linear model in R
When I try to define my linear model in R as follows:
lm1 <- lm(predictorvariable ~ x1+x2+x3, data=dataframe.df)
I get the following error message:
Error in 'contrasts<-'('*tmp*', value = contr.funs[1 + isOF[nn]]) :
contrasts can be applied only to factors with 2 or more levels
Is there any way to ignore this or fix it? Some of the variables are factors and some are not.
Answer Source
If your independent variable (RHS variable) is a factor or a character taking only one value then that type of error occurs.
Example: iris data in R
model1<-lm(Sepal.Length~Sepal.Width+Species,data=iris)
> model1
Call:
lm(formula = Sepal.Length ~ Sepal.Width + Species, data = iris)
Coefficients:
 (Intercept) Sepal.Width Speciesversicolor Speciesvirginica
 2.2514 0.8036 1.4587 1.9468
Now, if your data consists of only one species:
model1<-lm(Sepal.Length~Sepal.Width+Species,data=iris[iris$Species=="setosa",])
Error in 'contrasts<-'('*tmp*', value = contr.funs[1 + isOF[nn]]) :
 contrasts can be applied only to factors with 2 or more levels
If the variable is numeric (Sepal.Width) but taking only a single value say 3, then the model runs but you will get NA as coefficient of that variable as follows:
model2<-lm(Sepal.Length~Sepal.Width+Species,data=iris[iris$Sepal.Width==3,])
> model2
Call:
lm(formula = Sepal.Length ~ Sepal.Width + Species, data = iris[iris$Sepal.Width ==
 3, ])
Coefficients:
 (Intercept) Sepal.Width Speciesversicolor Speciesvirginica
 4.700 NA 1.250 2.017
Solution: There is no enough variation in dependent variable with only one value. So, you need to drop that variable, irrespective of whether that is numeric or character or factor variable.
Updated as per comments: Since you know that the error will only occur with factor/character, you can focus only on those and see whether the length of levels of those factor variables is 1 (DROP) or greater than 1 (NODROP).
To see, whether the variable is a factor or not, use the following code:
l<-sapply(iris,function(x)is.factor(x))
>l
Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
 FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE
Then you can get the data frame of factor variables only
m<-iris[,names(which(l=="TRUE"))]
Now, find the number of levels of factor variables, if this is one you need to drop that
ifelse(n<-sapply(m,function(x)length(levels(x)))==1,"DROP","NODROP")
Note: If the levels of factor variable is only one then that is the variable, you have to drop.


text:
Does anyone have a method for detecting mound boundaries?
I am working on bathymetry data which consists of mound features ~ 50 m high and average 200 m diameter. Some are rounded, many are elongate. The edges of the mounds are difficult to see on a shaded relief image, impeding the ability to place accurate zone boundaries.
The mound boundary could be defined as the point where the 6 degree slope contour begins. I would like to create a polygon at this slope degree contour boundary; however the resulting 6 degree slope contour raster has many 6 degree contour points (see image). So perhaps a this information could be used in addition to peak heights I.E. create separate polygons around all contiguous areas between the 6 degree slope contour and the peak height.
Or if anyone has software allowing me to utilize (or test) an automated mound detection method that would be ideal.


text:
Last night's event, "Sydney – Back to Basics Asset Management on the Country Regional (Rail) Network," was an enlightening journey through the complexities and strategies of managing the vast array of assets within the Country Regional Network (CRN). Hosted on 27 March, it was a session filled with invaluable insights, especially for professionals in the rail, infrastructure, and asset management sectors.
Luke Cunningham, the Head of Asset and Engineering at UGL Regional Lynx, led the session, sharing his profound knowledge and experience. With an impressive career dedicated to the rail industry, particularly within the NSW Country Regional Network, Luke's expertise was evident as he described the scale of the CRN, the diversity of asset types and their ages, and the strategic thinking required for effective asset management.
The CRN is a testament to the complexity and necessity of innovative asset management strategies in ensuring the reliability and efficiency of regional rail services. Luke's discussion highlighted the importance of understanding the vast range of asset types, from tracks to trains, and the unique challenges presented by their varying life cycles.
For those of us passionate about infrastructure and the critical role of railways in connecting communities, Luke's insights were not just informative but inspiring. His dedication to improving work practices, developing maintenance strategies, and enhancing asset intelligence shines a light on the path forward for the industry.
A huge thank you to Luke Cunningham for sharing his expertise, to Ausgrid for the use of their venue, and to everyone who attended the event. The discussions and questions raised were a testament to the vibrant community we have in the rail, infrastructure, and asset management sectors. Let's continue to share knowledge, challenge norms, and drive innovation in our fields.


text:
The SP181 is an RF pentode designed to operate within equipment with a 200 mA heater chain. The operating frequency quoted is 45 MHz which is the frequency of operation of the Pye IF strip used in war time radar receivers. It also fits with Band I television. The introduction date of 1940 suggest it was initially designed for pre-war television receivers. It has a straight characteristic rather than variable μ and pre-war vision receivers were normally of the TRF (Tuned Radio Frequency) type where AGC was not applied.
The reverse is plain zinc paint.
The classic envelope is 32 mm in diameter, and excluding the MO base pins is 80 mm tall.
References: Data-sheet, 1040 & 1043. Type SP181 was first introduced in 1940.
Absolute Maximum Operating Conditions¶
Updated March 17, 2014. shape:classic construction:pinch type:pentode age:_PHONE_ base:mo heater:200ma pins:8 pin:1.h pin:2.k pin:3.a pin:4.g2 pin:5.g3 pin:6.m pin:7.- pin:8.h pin:tc.g1


text:
Compressed Manifold Modes for Mesh Processing
MetainformationenComputer Graphics Forum (Proc. of Symposium on Geometry Processing SGP), vol. 33, no. 5. 2014
This paper introduces compressed eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on 3D manifold surfaces. They constitute a novel functional basis, called the compressed manifold basis, where each function has local support. We derive an algorithm, based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), to compute this basis on a given triangulated mesh. We show that compressed manifold modes identify key shape features, yielding an intuitive understanding of the basis for a human observer, where a shape can be processed as a collection of parts. We evaluate compressed manifold modes for potential applications in in shape matching and mesh abstraction. Our results show that this basis has distinct advantages over existing alternatives, indicating high potential for a wide range of use-cases in mesh processing.


text:
Home » Customize
Customize your directory
If you have already copy the given HTML code and paste it
into your page, you should be wondering how are you going to
change its appearance such as colors, fonts and size. Well
look no more, because everything is here.
Customizing fonts, size and colors for your directory is
easy. All you need to know is some basic knowledge of
Cascading Style Sheet (CSS).
But don't worry if you know nothing about CSS. Just copy
the following CSS code and paste it just before the line where
you paste the directory's HTML code. You can change the
parameter and experience yourself with it. Go on, it won't do
Eksplora uses 2 class name which is "eks" and
"ekshead" in it's output.
- eks - is for the default text appearance
- ekshead - is for category heading
If you know CSS, you may explore the various setting and
customization using these 2 classes. Good Luck!


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I have a some thumbnail in azure blob storage and thumbnail-URL in azure table. I want to retrieve thumbnail URL. After that, when I click on this URL it will show the full image from azure blob. Anybody help me. What is the query that I should use?
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
The URL-click part should be as straightforward as any other embedded img link, as long as your blob is publicly accessible.
I don't know what your entity looks like, but let's just pretend you have a table called ImageDetails, and you have an entity called ImageDetail with a property called ThumbnailURL. You could query the table with something like this (you'd probably want to subclass TableServiceContext - this is a simple example):
 var imageDetailQuery = CloudStorageAccount.DevelopmentStorageAccount
 var imageDetail = (from d in imageDetailQuery where... select d).FirstOrDefault();
At this point, assuming you have an ImageDetail object, you can just access:
And build up your tag, either inline or in code:
var imgTag = String.Format("", imageDetail.ThumbnailURL);
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