the corresponding field types.
 - ArrayTypes are converted into a 2-level nested group, where the outer group has the inner group as sole field. The inner group has name values and repetition level REPEATED and has the element type of the array as schema. We use Parquet's ConversionPatterns for this purpose.
 - MapTypes are converted into a nested (2-level) Parquet GroupType with two fields: a key type and a value type. The nested group has repetition level REPEATED and name map. We use Parquet'sConversionPatterns for this purpose
Parquet's repetition level is generally set according to the following rule:
 - If the call to fromDataType is recursive inside an enclosing ArrayType or MapType, then the repetition level is set to REPEATED.
 - Otherwise, if the attribute whose type is converted is nullable, the Parquet type gets repetition level OPTIONAL and otherwise REQUIRED.
write过程
回到write这条线，会递归调用writeValue()、writePrimitive()、writeStruct()、writeMap()、writeArray()将基本类型和struct、map、array保存起来。其中根据schema，又会触发MessageColumnIORecordConsumer内部类的startMessage()、startField()、startGroup()等方法。这3个概念很重要，应该说就是基于这些才实现了dremel论文里的数据结构：
 - Message: a new record，对应一行
 - Field: a field in a group or message. if the field is repeated the field is started only once and all values added in between start and end，对应一个kv对，key是field name，value可以是group，从而嵌套其他数据结构
 - Group: a group in a field
由于采用了抽象嵌套的方式，map<string, array>首先是一个field整体，而其中每一个string, array也构成一个子field。在底层存储和建索引的时候，应该是nested最深的field对应一个column，针对这些column计算r和d的值。
flush过程：
再来看flush这条线：
 Scala | copy code |?
1
# InternalParquetRecordWriter
2
 public void write(T value) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
3
 writeSupport.write(value);
4
 ++ recordCount;
5
 checkBlockSizeReached();
6
 }
如果需要flush，则checkBlockSizeReached会再调用flushRowGroupToStore()落地磁盘，并调用initStore()重新初始化内存存储区。
SparkSQL日志分析
以上源码分析的推论是，nested结构的每一个field都会被存储为一列，以下通过写入和查询日志再予以证明。
数据结构类似：
 SQL | copy code |?
01
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS orc_qiche (
02
 query string,
03
 uid string,
04
 country string,
05
 province string,
06
 city string,
07
 sttime string,
08
 properties map<string, array<string>>,
09
 intension array<string>
10
 )
11
其中properties含有brand、effects等key。
写入日志：
 Scala | copy code |?
1
15/07/21 14:02:09 INFO ColumnChunkPageWriteStore: written 88B for [properties, brand, array] BINARY: 2 values, 34B raw, 50B comp, 1 pages,
2
encodings: [RLE, PLAIN]
3
15/07/21 14:02:09 INFO ColumnChunkPageWriteStore: written 85B for [properties, effects, array] BINARY: 2 values, 33B raw, 48B comp, 1 pages
4
, encodings: [RLE, PLAIN]
5
15/07/21 14:02:09 INFO ColumnChunkPageWriteStore: written 69B for [properties, brand, array] BINARY: 1 values, 21B raw, 36B comp, 1 pages,
6
encodings: [RLE, PLAIN]
7
15/07/21 14:02:09 INFO ColumnChunkPageWriteStore: written 72B for [query] BINARY: 1 values, 16B raw, 35B comp, 1 pages, encodings: [RLE, BI
8
T_PACKED, PLAIN]
查询日志：
8A542FE1-9484-4B2C-9184-DEF07113B83B
from: _URL_
The CA–consistent, available, but not network partition tolerant–category in CAP has a very specific history. Not only forfeiting "network partition tolerance" can be understood as impossible in theory and crazy in practice (P as an illusion of a choice), but there is also an overlap between the CA and CP categories. As a result, many consider that it's impossible to build a production CA system. But you can actually build a system without network partition tolerance, and sometimes you should.
A brief history of the CA category
Let's look at the academic history of the CA category in CAP:
 - In 2000, Eric Brewer presents the CAP conjecture. In his presentation, CA exists, for example for systems using the two-phase commit protocol. He considers that "‹the whole space is useful."
 - In 2002, Seth Gilbert and Nancy Lynch publish the CAP proof. CA exists: "Systems that run on intranets and LANs are an example of these types of algorithms.
 - In 2010, Daniel Abadi raises the point that there is an overlap between CA and CP: "What does 'not tolerant' mean? In practice, it means that they lose availability if there is a partition. Hence CP and CA are essentially identical.
 - Still in 2010, Michael Stonebraker publishes multiple documents around the limited importance of partitions, with the tagline "Myth #6: In CAP, choose AP over CA", considering that with the capacity of modern hardware, small distributed systems can solve most real-life issues, and that "it doesn't much matter what you do when confronted with network partitions."
 - And again in 2010, Coda Hale publishes a blog post: "You cannot sacrifice partition tolerance", explaining that only AP and CP are possible.
 - This triggers a feedback from Stonebraker, who restates all his points.
 - 2 years later, in 2012, referring to these works, Eric Brewer states that "exactly what it means to forfeit P is unclear" and then clarifies: "choosing CA should mean that the probability of a partition is far less than that of other systemic failures, such as disasters or multiple simultaneous faults."
So we need to sort out the following issues:
 - There is an overlap between CP and CA.
 - There is a theoretical impossibility: network partitions are a given, you can choose between 'A' and 'C' when a partition happens but not if partitions happen.
 - There is a practical impossibility: network partitions are too likely to happen on a real life system to be ignored, so CA is impossible in practice.
What does CA mean?
CA is about "forfeiting network partition tolerance", i.e. being "network partition intolerant". Partition intolerance does not mean that network partitions cannot happen, it means network partitions are a critical issue. It's a bit like gluten: being "gluten intolerant" does not mean that you cannot eat any, it means that you should not. Like for gluten, a CA system should also have a means of recovery should a network partition actually happen. The two-phase commit is a perfect example: it comes with a repair tool to fix the transactions broken by an heuristic resolution.
The fact that CA does not mean "I have a network that cannot be partitioned" is important, because it implies a partition can actually happen. This is stressed by Brewer: "choosing CA should mean that the probability of a partition is far less than that of other systemic failures." To estimate this probability you must be quite clear about what a partition actually is. This whole post is only about network partitions.
Let's summarize: CA describes the specification of an operating range, and not a behavior. CP, AP describe the behavior when a partition occurs. This obviously leaves room for an overlap between CP and CA. Let's look at this overlap now.
The overlap between CP and CA
It's the point identified by Abadi: "What does "not tolerant" mean? In practice, it means that they lose availability if there is a partition. Hence CP and CA are essentially identical." A system that does not do anything once partitioned is trivially CP: it does not present a non-consistent history. Such a system could also be considered as CA: it stops working when there is a partition–hence the overlap. This overlap is minimal however:
 - Many CA systems are not CP: for example, the two-phase commit protocol is not consistent (nor available, nor


How to Enable Threads Following Tab?
Threads is a special social media app made by Meta that helps you connect with your closest friends in a more private way. It's different from Instagram and has cool features you won't find there.
Read Also: How to Make a Threads Circle: Step-by-Step Guide
One of the new things in Threads is the Following Tab. It lets you see posts from people you follow in order. There's no algorithm picking what you see, so you won't miss anything from your best buds.
This article will guide you on how to enable the Threads Following Tab and explain the difference between the For You Tab and the Following Tab.
How to Enable Threads Following Tab?
Want to try the Following Tab? Just make sure you have the updated version of Threads app. Then, follow these steps:
 1. Open Threads on your device.
 2. Tap the home or Threads logo at the top.
 3. Pick "Following" to see the Following Tab.
 4. You can also swipe left on your feed to switch to the Following Tab.
Alternatively, you can effortlessly switch to the Following Tab by swiping left anywhere on your feed.
Once you close and reopen the app, it will go back to showing the For You feed as the default view. To see the Following tab again, you need to follow the steps mentioned earlier.
Read Also: What Does the Threads Number Mean on Instagram?
For You Tab vs. Following Feed Tab on Threads App
Now, let's talk about the difference between the For You Tab and the Following Tab.
The For You Tab shows you posts from people you follow and some the app thinks you might like. It uses stuff like your interests and who you follow to decide.
But the Following Tab is all about what your friends post. No algorithms getting in the way.
Which tab should you use?
The decision to use either the For You Tab or the Following Tab boils down to your personal preferences and social media goals.
 - If you like seeing lots of different posts and finding new stuff, go for the For You Tab.
 - If you just want to focus on what your closest friends share, the Following Tab is better.
So, it's up to you! The Following Tab adds a personal touch to your social media. It keeps you close to your besties without any algorithm fuss. Give it a try and enjoy a more real and private connection with your friends.
Leave a Comment


French Grammar: Reciprocal Reflexive Verbs
French Grammar: Reciprocal Reflexive Verbs
Creative Commons Image via The LEAF Project
French Grammar: Reciprocal Reflexive Verbs
la grammaire française: les verbes réfléchis réciproques
Reciprocal Reflexive Verbs in French help us identify actions done by two or more people – to each other!
Reciprocal Reflexive Verbs are a certain kind of Reflexive Verb in French. Be sure to review the lesson on Reflexive Verbs first before moving on to this lesson!
French Reciprocal Reflexive Verbs take the exact same pronouns as other French reflexive verbs. BUT, Reciprocal Reflexive Verbs are ONLY used in the plural – because the action always involves more than one person/subject.
Remember! The Reciprocal Reflexive Pronoun MUST match the subject(s) involved!
NOUS : ourselves/each other
VOUS : yourselves/each other
SE (or S') : themselves/each other
Note that the pronoun SE becomes S' before any verb that starts with a vowel (such as s'acheter and s'écrire).
Once you understand how to use Reflexive Verbs in French, learning how to use Reciprocal Reflexive Verbs is really easy! Just use the reflexive/reciprocal pronoun in front of the verb (action) that you want to express is mutual. Rule of thumb: If you would use the phrase 'each other' in English, then you'll use a Reciprocal Reflexive Verb in French!
Like Reflexive Verbs, a Reciprocal Reflexive Verb is identified by the reflexive pronoun SE that precedes it in its infinitive form. Here are some common French Reciprocal Reflexive Verbs:
s'acheter : to buy (something for) each other
s'adorer : to adore each other
s'aider : to help each other
s'aimer : to love each other
se comprendre : to understand each other
se connaître : to know each other
se détester : to hate each other
se dire : to tell/say to each other
s'écrire : to write to each other
s'envoyer (des courriels) : to send each other (emails)
se mentir : to lie to each other
se parler : to speak/talk to each other
se plaire : to like each other
se poser des questions : to ask each other questions
se promettre : to promise each other
se regarder : to look at each other
se rencontrer : to meet / to run into each other
se ressembler : to look like each other
se téléphoner : to phone/call each other
se voir : to see each other
See the ADAPT section for more examples!
Jacques et Marie se regardent.
James and Marie are looking at each other.
Les étudiants s'aident beaucoup.
The students help each other a lot.
Lucie et moi, nous nous voyons souvent.
Lucie and I see each other often.
Vous vous connaissez?
Do you all know each other?


Walter shows you how to
move an EC2 instance to
another subnet, AZ, or VPC
walter_move_ec2
I want to move or copy my EC2 instance to another subnet, Availability Zone, or VPC. How do I do that?
To move an EC2 instance, create a new Amazon Machine Image (AMI) in the desired target Availability Zone, launch a new instance based on this image, and then reassign the Elastic IP address from the instance you are moving to the new image.
Note: This procedure is the same for copying or moving an instance between subnets, even if they are in the same Availability Zone.
The AMI is based on an Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) snapshot. For large file systems without a previous snapshot, the AMI creation can take several hours. To decrease the AMI creation time, create an Amazon EBS snapshot before creating the AMI.
Note: If your instance has instance store volumes, the AMI creation does not create a snapshot for these volumes, and you must copy the data to a new EBS volume, or an external location such as Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3). For more information, see How do I back up an instance store volume to EBS on my EC2 instance?
Create a new image
 1. From the EC2 console, choose Instances from the left navigation pane.
 2. Choose the instance that you want to move, choose Actions, choose Instance State, and then choose Stop.
 Note: Skip this step if you are testing this procedure or you do not want to stop or reboot your instance.
 3. Choose Actions, Image, and then Create Image
 4. Type an Image name and Image description.
 5. Choose the No reboot option if you are testing this procedure or you do not want to stop or reboot the instance.
 6. Choose Create Image.
 7. Choose View pending image ID to view the AMI creation Status. Wait for the Status to change from pending to available.
Launch a new instance
 1. Choose the new AMI, and then choose Launch Instance.
 2. Choose the same instance type as the instance you want to move, and choose Next: Configure Instance Details.
 3. For Network, choose your VPC, and for Subnet, choose the subnet that you want to launch the new instance.
 4. If the instance is a production instance, choose Protect against accidental termination, and then choose Next: Add Storage.
 5. Accept the defaults, and then choose Next: Add Tags.
 6. For Key, type Name, and for Value, type your instance name. To continue, choose Next: Configure Security Group.
 7. Choose the same security group that was applied to the instance that you are moving. Choose Review and Launch.
 Note: If you are moving your instance between VPCs, you must create a new security group on the destination VPC.
 8. Choose Launch.
 9. In Select a key pair, choose your key pair from the drop-down menu, choose the agreement check box, and then choose Launch Instances.
 10. In Launch Status, choose the instance ID to find the Instance State status.
Reassign the Elastic IP address
 1. From the left navigation pane, choose Elastic IPs.
 2. Choose the Elastic IP address for the instance you are moving, choose Actions, Disassociate address, and then confirm by choosing Disassociate address.
 3. Associate the address to the new instance by choosing Actions, and then choosing Associate address.
 4. On the Associate address page:
 For Resource type choose the Instance radio button.
 For Instance choose your new instance name.
 For Private IP choose the new IP.
 For Reassociation, choose Allow Elastic IP to be reassociated if already attached, and then choose Associate.
Did this page help you? Yes | No
Back to the AWS Support Knowledge Center
Need help? Visit the AWS Support Center.
Published: 2018-06-14


text:
This has been described by the Timber Design Society as one of the most important developments for structural engineers in recent years. They're currently inviting all TDS members and others involved, to submit comments directly.
Please follow the links below to submit your comments:
DZ NZS AS 1720.1 Timber Structures – Part 1: Design Methods
DR AS/NZS 1720.4:2018 Timber structures – Part 4: Fire resistance of timber elements.
NZS AS 1720.1 sets out general requirements for the verification of timber structures and elements. It includes calculation methods and design data appropriate for commonly encountered structural elements and materials. TDS have highlighted the fact that the new standard will be an adoption of the current Australian Timber Standard AS 1720.1, with a separate New Zealand specific appendix, which modifies various clauses of the existing AS 1720.1.
Although comments are sought mainly in regards to the New Zealand specific appendix, they are encouraging people to also comment on the main body of AS 1720.1. The closing date for comments on this standard is 9 February 2019.
The objective of the second standard is to provide a method for determining the fire resistance for structural adequacy and insulation of sawn timber, timber in pole form, plywood, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), and glued-laminated structural timber elements as an alternative to the test method specified in AS 1530.4. The closing date for comments on this standard is 21 December 2018.
Source: Timber Design Society
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source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
College Internships and Fellowships
The Schiele Museum's college internship and fellowship program is designed to provide an educational opportunity for students in the area of museum practice, research and programming through guided work/research experiences using the resources of the museum. An internship at The Schiele Museum is a prearranged, structured learning experience scheduled within a specific time frame under the direct supervision of Schiele staff and may apply toward academic credit.
Opportunities for Research and Study
Click the links below to learn about specific opportunities, as well as deadlines, addresses and other specific information regarding various internship programs.
Projects vary by department and past projects include:
- Archaeology: fieldwork on prehistoric sites and artifact analysis
- Education: assist with developing, presenting and evaluating public programs and workshops
- 18th Century History and Backcountry Lifeways: researching and presenting living history programs
- Aboriginal Studies and Primitive Skills: learning primitive skills and assisting with programs and workshops
- Exhibits: fabricating and installing exhibits, developing databases for exhibitions, developing press kits and editing label text
- Visitor Services: developing and evaluating visitor guides and giving tours
- Collections: organizing and cataloging photos, monitoring museum environmental conditions and assisting with upgrading collections storage
Most interns work 15 to 25 hours a week. Some interns choose to find a part-time job to help support their stay.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Provided by: pacemaker-cli-utils_2.1.4-2ubuntu1_amd64 bug
NAME
 Pacemaker - Part of the Pacemaker cluster resource manager
SYNOPSIS
 crm_failcount <command> [<options>]
DESCRIPTION
 crm_failcount - Query or delete resource fail counts
 Common options:
 --help Display this text, then exit
 --version
 Display version information, then exit
 -V, --verbose
 Specify multiple times to increase debug output
 -q, --quiet
 Print only the value (if querying)
 Commands:
 -G, --query
 Query the current value of the resource's fail count
 -D, --delete
 Delete resource's recorded failures
 Additional Options:
 -r, --resource=value
 Name of the resource to use (required)
 -n, --operation=value
 Name of operation to use (instead of all operations)
 -I, --interval=value
 If operation is specified, its interval
 -N, --node=value
 Use failcount on named node (instead of local node)
AUTHOR
 Written by Andrew Beekhof and the Pacemaker project contributors


Definitions for john brown
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word john brown
Princeton's WordNet
 1. Brown, John Brown(noun)
 1. John Brown
 John Brown was an American abolitionist who believed armed insurrection was the only way to overthrow the institution of slavery in the United States. During 1856 in Kansas, Brown commanded forces at the Battle of Black Jack and the Battle of Osawatomie. Brown's followers also killed five pro-slavery supporters at Pottawatomie. In 1859, Brown led an unsuccessful raid on the federal armory at Harpers Ferry that ended with his capture. Brown's trial resulted in his conviction and a sentence of death by hanging. Brown's attempt in 1859 to start a liberation movement among enslaved African Americans in Harpers Ferry, Virginia electrified the nation. He was tried for treason against the Commonwealth of Virginia, the murder of five men and inciting a slave insurrection. He was found guilty on all counts and was hanged. Southerners alleged that his rebellion was the tip of the abolitionist iceberg and represented the wishes of the Republican Party to end slavery. Historians agree that the Harpers Ferry raid in 1859 escalated tensions that, a year later, led to secession and the American Civil War. Brown first gained attention when he led small groups of volunteers during the Bleeding Kansas crisis. Unlike most other Northerners, who advocated peaceful resistance to the pro-slavery faction, Brown believed that peaceful resistance was shown to be ineffective and that the only way to defeat the oppressive system of slavery was through violent insurrection. He believed he was the instrument of God's wrath in punishing men for the sin of owning slaves.
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text:
We are having a problem with inconsistent wound measurements that involve undermining. Can you offer any tips?
Undermining is tissue breakdown that extends underneath intact skin along wound edges (margins). It is caused by shearing forces and can result in skin breakdown around the entire wound perimeter or at various locations around the wound perimeter. Due to the variable locations where undermining can occur, clinicians should always document and measure the depth and direction of the undermining.
1. Assess for undermining.
- Start at top of wound (12:00). (Consider a wound as the face of a clock, where "12:00" points to patient's head and "6:00" points to the patient's feet.)
- Use a cotton tip applicator and gently probe around wound edges in a clockwise direction. 2. Once undermining has been identified, insert applicator into the area.
3. Grasp applicator where it meets the wound edge using thumb and forefinger.
4. Withdraw applicator while maintaining thumb and forefinger in position.
5. Measure from the tip of applicator to wound position using a centimeter ruler.
6. Measure and document the deepest area(s). (Note there should be a beginning point and ending point.)
7. Document findings by referencing the "Clock System." Examples of documentation:
- Generalized documentation – 4 centimeters (cm) undermining noted from 6:00 – 10:00
- Specific – Undermining noted from 6-10:00, ranging from 2–4 cm, deepest area is 4 cm at 10:00
- More specific – Undermining noted along wound perimeter from 6–10:00; 6:00–2.8 cm; 7:00–2 cm; 8:00–3.6 cm; 9:00–2.5 cm; 10:00–4 cm


Difference between revisions of "Usage Scenarios"
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For many people, virtual server may look like a great toy: Very high geekness factor. It looks cool, but probably not for everyone. '''Wrong!'''

For many people, virtual server may look like a great toy: Very high geekness factor. It looks cool, but probably not for everyone. '''Wrong!'''

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* Unreachable from the network.

* Unreachable from the network.
* Able to log messages from the virtual server in a secure way. The virtual server would be unable to change/erase the logs. Even a cracked virtual server would not be able the edit the log.
+
* Able to log messages from the virtual server in a secure way. The virtual server would be unable to change/erase the logs. Even a cracked virtual server would not be able to edit the log.

* Able to run intrusion detection facilities, potentially spying the state of the virtual server without being accessible or noticed. For example, tripwire could run there and it would be impossible to circumvent its operation or trick it.

* Able to run intrusion detection facilities, potentially spying the state of the virtual server without being accessible or noticed. For example, tripwire could run there and it would be impossible to circumvent its operation or trick it.

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* [[Overview]]

* [[Overview]]
 +
 +
[[Category:Documentation]]
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[[Category:Community]]
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[[Category:Categories]]
Latest revision as of 22:56, 21 October 2011
For many people, virtual server may look like a great toy: Very high geekness factor. It looks cool, but probably not for everyone. Wrong!
The primary goal of this project is to create virtual servers sharing the same machine. A virtual server operates like a normal Linux server. It runs normal services such as ssh, mail, web and database servers.
Contents
[edit] Consolidation and Separation
As the hardware evolves, it is tempting to put more and more tasks on a server. Though Linux could reliably handle it, at some point, you will end up with too much stuff and people fiddling in the same box that you worry about updating things. Additionally, separating different or similar services which otherwise would interfere with each other, either because they are poorly designed or because they are simply incapable of peaceful coexistence for whatever reason, may often be complex or even impossible.
The Linux-VServer project addresses this issue. The same box is able to run multiple virtual servers and each one does the job it is supposed to do. If you need to upgrade to PHP 5 for a given project, you can do so, and only that one project is affected.
Also, you can give the root password of a virtual server to an administrator for that virtual server and he/she will be able to perform updates, restart services and so on without having to know about every other project hosted on the same server. This allows a clever provider to sell Virtual Private Servers, which uses less resources than other virtualization techniques, which in turn allows to put more units on a single machine.
The list of providers doing so is relatively long, and so this is rightfully considered the main area of application. See VServer Hosting for a (probably incomplete) list of companies providing Virtual Private Servers based on the Linux-VServer technology.
[edit] Enhancing Security
While it can be interesting to run several virtual servers in one box, there is one concept potentially more generally useful. Imagine a physical server running a single virtual server. The goal is isolate the main environment from any service, any network. You boot in the main environment, start very few services and then continue in the virtual server.
The service in the main environment would be:
 - Unreachable from the network.
 - Able to log messages from the virtual server in a secure way. The virtual server would be unable to change/erase the logs. Even a cracked virtual server would not be able to edit the log.
 - Able to run intrusion detection facilities, potentially spying the state of the virtual server without being accessible or noticed. For example, tripwire could run there and it would be impossible to circumvent its operation or trick it.
Another option is to put the firewall in a virtual server, and pull in the DMZ, containing each service in a separate VPS. On proper configuration, this setup can reduce the number of required machines drastically, without impacting performance.
[edit] Resource Independence
Since virtual servers are only guests on the hardware they are using, they are not aware of the specifics: they do not contain disk configurations, kernels or network configurations.
One key feature of a virtual server is the independence from the actual hardware. Most hardware issues are irrelevant for a virtual server installation.
The main server acts as a host and takes care of all the details. The virtual server is just a client and ignores all the details. As such, the client can be moved to another physical server with very few manipulations.
For example, to move the virtual server from one physical computer to another, it sufficient to do the following:
 - shutdown the running server
 - copy it over to the other machine
 - copy the configuration
 - start the virtual server on the new machine
No adjustments to user setup, password database or hardware configuration are required, as long as both machines are binary compatible.
Thus, once you have found that a project is using more resource than expected, you can easily move it to another box without tinkering around in hardware configuration files. A virtual server is just a directory on the filesystem of host system.
[edit] Fail-over Scenarios
Pushing the limit a little further, replication technology could be used to keep an up-to-the-minute copy of the filesystem of a running virtual server. This would permit a very fast fail-over if the running server goes offline for whatever reason.
All the known methods to accomplish this, starting with network replication via rsync, or drbd, via network devices, or shared disk arrays, to distributed filesystems, can be utilized to reduce the down-time and improve overall efficiency.
[edit] Experimenting and Upgrading
If you intend to upgrade a system to get new features or security updates, you probably first test the new packages on the development machine, before you are ready to update the production server. Having some experience you do it properly:
 - Doing a backup of the server
 - Perform all the upgrades and install the new applications
Two hours later you realise that something does not work as expected. To make it worse, it works fine on the development machine. We have all experienced this.
Another solution to this problem would be to install the new production server on new hardware, but this is not as easy, as you have to clone the first server (most people are not comfortable doing this) or you do not have the hardware.
Using virtual servers, all this is very easy:
 - Stop the virtual server in production
 - Make a copy of the virtual server
 - Perform the upgrades in the new virtual server
To get back to our example above, two hours later you realise that something does not work as expected and you cannot immediately fix it.
Again, using virtual servers, the (temporary) solution to this problem is very easy:
 - Stop the new virtual server and assign it a new IP address
 - Start both the old and new virtual server
Now the old one is still online and you can track down the issues on your new virtual server using a different IP address, fix the problem and reassign the old IP address to the new virtual server.
[edit] Distribution Independence
People are often talking about their preferred distribution. Should one use Fedora, Debian or something else? Should one give a spin to the latest and greatest distribution just for the sake of it?
With virtual servers, the choice of a distribution is less important. When you select a distribution, you expect it will do the following:
 - Good hardware support/detection
 - Good package technology/updates
 - Good package selection
 - Reliable packages
The choice is important because every service running on a box will be using the same distribution. Most distributions out there are good and reliable. Still each one has its peculiarities and probably flaws. For example, one distribution is doing a great job on security but is not delivering the latest and greatest PHP. Now because you have decided to use this distribution for some projects, using virtual servers does not prevent you from using another distribution for other projects or even a second virtual server for existing projects.
[edit] Other considerations
 - Virtual Private Servers are running on the same kernel as the host: Unlike other VM solutions, Linux-VServer does not require additional memory or processing power, in fact it may even reduce used memory due to the fact that multiple virtual servers may share the same files.
 - There are no special daemons running: A VPS running crond, sshd, httpd and sendmail uses the same resources as a normal Linux server running these services.
 - No pre-allocated disk space needed: A VPS generally shares the disk space with the host system, so there is no need to pre-allocate disk space for each virtual server to find out later that your disk is full, yet each VPS is using only a tiny portion of their allocated space.
 - Resource sharing: Since virtual servers can share binaries and libraries without interfering, a second VPS generally costs


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اهمیت جانبیMNC، نقش تعبیه داخلی چیست؟
|کد مقاله||سال انتشار||مقاله انگلیسی||ترجمه فارسی||تعداد کلمات|
|11510||2011||12 صفحه PDF||سفارش دهید||8079 کلمه|
Publisher : Elsevier - Science Direct (الزویر - ساینس دایرکت)
Journal : International Business Review, Volume 20, Issue 2, April 2011, Pages 151–162
This paper addresses the issue of how a subsidiary's internal and external embeddedness interact in generating the importance of the subsidiary vis-à-vis the MNC as a whole. We take previous findings of the positive impact of external embeddedness on a subsidiary's importance as our starting point and consider two questions: (a) how does the internal embeddedness of a subsidiary affect its organisational importance, and (b) how do a subsidiary's internal and external embeddedness interact in generating organisational importance? We test hypotheses reflecting these questions on data from 97 foreign subsidiaries belonging to Swedish multinationals. We find that internal embeddedness is negatively related to a subsidiary's importance to product development but unrelated to its importance to production development. We also find that internal embeddedness dilutes the positive impact of external embeddedness on a subsidiary's importance to production development. We discuss the findings in the light of the extant literature and consider implications for future research and MNC managers.
A significant development in the multinational corporation (MNC) subsidiary literature is the detailed investigation of the role of business networks in subsidiary development and impact in MNCs (Andersson and Forsgren, 2000, Andersson et al., 2002, Andersson et al., 2007, Forsgren et al., 2005, Ghauri, 1992 and Holm and Pedersen, 2000). One issue that these studies have investigated relates to the 'organisational performance' of the subsidiary within the MNC of which it is a member. By 'organisational performance' of a subsidiary, we mean, following Andersson, Forsgren, and Pederson (2001), the impact of the subsidiary on the rest of the MNC through its knowledge development and knowledge sharing activities. One particular manifestation of the 'impact' of the subsidiary within the MNC is the importance that other units in the organisation, and particularly the headquarters (HQ), attach to the subsidiary insomuch as it is of use to them as a source of knowledge or capability. Business network studies have shown that subsidiary importance is a robust construct and reflects the subsidiary's potential to contribute to technological and market development in the MNC ( Andersson et al., 2002) and is a key source of its bargaining strength (see, in particular, Andersson et al., 2007). Thus, for example, the basis of a subsidiary's status as a 'centre of excellence' within the MNC is the recognition by HQ that the subsidiary has gained expertise or capability in a particular function or activity of potential value to other units in the organisation ( Andersson & Forsgren, 2000). A subsidiary's importance to production or product development has been shown to be strongly linked to its 'embeddedness' in networks of business relationships between the subsidiary and a (small) number of customers and suppliers. While a subsidiary's business partners could be either sister affiliates in the MNC or external business organisations, most of the attention has been paid to subsidiaries' business relations with external business organisations and to the impact of such relationships on the MNCs. With rare exceptions (Garcia-Pont et al., 2009 and Schmid and Schuring, 2003) internal subsidiary embeddedness has not been the focus of empirical investigation. Most empirical studies have only included measures/indicators of external business embeddedness in their analyses. However, subsidiaries are clearly simultaneously embedded in both external and internal networks (Forsgren et al., 2005). Even though the degree or 'depth' of internal embeddedness may be less than that of the external embeddedness, it is unlikely to be zero (Holm and Pedersen, 2000 and Yamin, 2005). An important question in this context is, given that a subsidiary's external network embeddedness enhances its importance to the MNC's competence development, does the subsidiary's internal embeddedness reinforce or dilute this effect? This paper addresses the issue of how a subsidiary's internal and external embeddedness interact in generating the technological importance of the subsidiary vis-à-vis the MNC as a whole. We take previous studies' findings relating to the positive impact of external embeddedness on a subsidiary's organisational importance as our starting point and ask two research questions: (a) how does the internal embeddedness of a subsidiary affect its organisational importance, and (b) how do a subsidiary's internal and external embeddedness interact in generating organisational importance? In Section 2 we consider the distinctive features of the internal and external embeddedness of subsidiaries. In Section 3 we develop hypotheses relating to the impact of internal embeddedness on subsidiary importance and also with regard to the interaction between internal and external embeddedness in terms of a subsidiary's importance. Section 4 explains the methodology and data source utilised in this study and in Section 5 we discuss our findings.
نتیجه گیری انگلیسی
This paper has addressed a hitherto neglected issue in the MNC subsidiary literature, namely the effects of internal business embeddedness on a subsidiary's organisational performance. Prior literature has not fully addressed how internal embeddedness may be distinctive in terms of its effect on key subsidiary roles, such as knowledge development. Current discussion of this issue has been of a rather general and conceptual character, with very limited empirical investigation of the effect of a subsidiary's internal embeddedness on its competence or capability development. The recent study by Garcia-Pont et al. (2009) does empirically investigate the impact of internal embeddedness on the subsidiary but its focus is not the subsidiary's importance but a different, though potentially related outcome, namely the subsidiary's 'distinctiveness'. Moreover, Garcia-Pont et al. (2009) do not appear to shed any light on how internal and external embeddedness interact in generating outcomes for the subsidiary. Our aim, by comparison, has been to specifically build on existing studies which have demonstrated a significant and robust connection between external embeddedness and a subsidiary's importance for production and product development in the MNC of which it is a part. Specifically, we have investigated (1) whether a subsidiary's internal embeddedness has any effects on its importance, once we control for the level of external embeddedness, and other subsidiary characteristics that could potentially affect its importance; and (2) whether and how internal embeddedness may interact with external embeddedness in generating a subsidiary's importance. Overall our study confirms the extant knowledge in that external embeddedness is shown to have pre-eminence in generating a subsidiary's competence in both production and product development. However the finding that internal embeddedness negatively impacts a subsidiary's importance for product development and, especially, the finding of a negative interaction effect on a subsidiary's importance for production development, suggests that the extant studies' near–exclusive focus on external embeddedness is unwarranted. Our study makes an important contribution by carefully delineating why internal embeddedness may be distinctive in terms of its impact on a subsidiary's importance. A further contribution is to highlight the possibility that internal embeddedness may actually reduce the positive impact of external embeddedness on the subsidiary's importance. Our study strongly suggests that general propositions linking a subsidiary's embeddedness and its strategic capabilities that are based only on the consideration of external (or, of course, only of internal) embeddedness, should be regarded with caution if not scepticism. It is surely necessary that propositions about subsidiary capabilities are based on a more holistic view of the impacts of all of its networks. Data limitations do not allow us to further investigate the rationale behind the rather uneven pattern of results with respect to interaction effects. In particular it would be important to investigate further whether (and why) internal embeddedness reduces the positive effect of external embeddedness on a subsidiary's importance for production development but not for product development. The findings with respect to interactions are somewhat counter-intuitive, as it is more plausible for the interaction effect to be negative with respect to product development. So clearly there is scope for further theoretical and empirical investigation of the interactions between internal and external embeddedness. Another line of research could beneficially investigate the impact of a subsidiary's embeddedness on its corporate 'visibility' and, specifically, whether the internal embeddedness does in fact enhance corporate 'visibility' more than external embeddedness. This would enrich our understanding of the process through which a subsidiary's importance may be gained, enhanced or damaged. In terms of practitioner implications, we note that a subsidiary's importance is, ultimately, 'useful' to it as the basis for it gaining influence on strategy within the MNC (Andersson et al., 2007). From this perspective, our findings suggest that in the struggle to gain influence, a subsidiary's technical and organisational capabilities may be more important than its involvement in internal MNC networks and hence its corporate 'visibility'. Thus a subsidiary's capabilities may well attract the attention of HQ (Bouquet & Birkinshaw, 2008) even if it is not very 'visible' in terms of a high degree of internal corporate networking activity. Our findings imply that simultaneously benefitting from internal and external embeddedness may prove to be a tough balancing act and thus be managerially challenging. Managers may prudently reflect on the double-edged nature of corporate visibility: enhanced visibility without superior or perhaps even 'average' competence levels may well weaken the position of the subsidiary in the internal competition for resources


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Microcontroller Based Substation Monitoring and Control System with Gsm Modem
In this paper, the authors purpose remote electrical parameters like voltage, current and frequency and send these real time values over GSM network using GSM modem/phone along with temperature at power station. This paper is also designed to protect the electrical circuitry by operating an electromagnetic Relay. This Relay gets activated whenever the electrical parameters exceed the predefined values. The Relay can be used to operate a circuit breaker to switch off the main electrical supply.


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What is a delegate?
Delegates play an important role in Utah's political system. Here are some commonly asked questions about delegates.
What is a delegate? What does a delegate do?
A delegate is someone from your precinct (neighborhood) whom you elect to represent your precinct at your party's convention. Delegates are important because they elect candidates for your political party's primary (and in some cases general) election.
What is a precinct caucus?
A precinct caucus is a neighborhood meeting where you and your neighbors of the same party affiliation get together and elect delegates and precinct officers.
These meetings happen once every two years on even-numbered years. This year, precinct caucuses will be held on Tuesday, March 13, at 7 p.m. for Democrats and Thursday, March 15, at 7 p.m. for Republicans.
Why become a delegate?
In Utah, delegates have a lot of sway politically. As a delegate you are one of 4,000 or fewer people (in some races as few as 80) who decide who will be your party's nominee in this year's elections.
If a candidate gets 60 percent or more of the delegate vote at convention, he or she is the party's nominee in the general election. If no one receives 60 percent of the vote, the two candidates with the highest number of votes go on to a primary election.
Who can be a delegate?
In order to be a delegate you must
- Be a U.S. citizen
- Be 18 years old or older by the date of the general election (Nov. 6 for this year)
- Live in the precinct you represent
If you are running for a Republican delegate position, you must be a registered Republican. If you have not already registered as a party member, you can do so at the precinct caucus.
What's the difference between a state and a county delegate?
There are two kinds of delegates: county delegates and state delegates. County delegates select nominees for county offices and also for legislative offices in districts that are entirely contained within that county. They also attend to county party business.
State delegates select nominees for federal and statewide offices and for legislative seats whose districts are in multiple counties. They also attend to state party business.
If I'm elected a delegate, what will I have to do?
Delegates serve two-year terms. Each year you are asked to attend one convention (your party's county convention if you are a county delegate, or your party's state convention if you are a state delegate).
In the first year of your term, you will attend the state or county nominating convention where you will select party nominees for the primary or general election. In preparation for this convention you will need to meet with the candidates (don't worry, they will seek you out) and decide who will best represent you, your neighborhood precinct and your values.
In the second year of your term you will attend the state or county organizing convention. In this convention, you will elect party officials, discuss the party platform and conduct other party business.
Each of these conventions lasts several hours and is either held on a weekday evening or Saturday morning. Be sure that you will be available to attend these conventions if you want to be a delegate. You will not be able to vote if you do not attend the convention.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Boride Powder
Calcium Hexaboride CaB6 Powder CAS 12007-99-7
Item No.: Tr-CaB6
Calcium hexaboride (sometimes calcium boride) is a compound of calcium and boron with the chemical formula CaB6. It is an important material due to its high electrical conductivity, hardness, chemical stability, and melting point.
Purity: 99.5%
Calcium Hexaboride Properties
About Calcium Hexaboride CaB6 Powder:
Calcium hexaboride (calcium boride) is a compound of calcium and boron, with the chemical formula CaB6. Due to its high conductivity, hardness, chemical stability and melting point, it is an important material. It is a black, shiny, chemically inert powder with low density. It has a typical cubic structure of six metal boride, with octahedral units of six boron atoms and calcium atoms.
CaB6 has been investigated in the past due to a variety of peculiar physical properties, such as superconductivity, valence fluctuation and Kondo effects. However, the most remarkable property of CaB6 is its ferromagnetism. It occurs at unexpectedly high temperatures (600K) and with a low magnetic moment. The origin of this high-temperature ferromagnetism is the ferromagnetic phase of the dilute electron gas, linkage to the presumed excitonic state in calcium boride, or external impurities on the surface of the sample. The impurities might include iron and nickel, probably coming from impurities in the boron used to prepare the sample.
CaB6 is insoluble in H2O, MeOH (methanol), and EtOH (ethanol) and dissolves slowly in acids. Its microhardness is 27 GPa, Knoop hardness is 2600 kg/mm2), the Young modulus is 379 GPa, and electrical resistivity is greater than 2·1010 Ω·m for pure crystals. CaB6 is a semiconductor with an energy gap estimated at 1.0 eV. The low, semi-metallic conductivity of many CaB6 samples can be explained by unintentional doping due to impurities and possible non-stoichiometry. Feel free to send an inquiry to get the latest price if you would like to buy Calcium Hexaboride CaB6 Powder in bulk.
Product Performance of Calcium Hexaboride CaB6 Powder:
Calcium boride has the characteristics of high melting point and high hardness. Its physical and chemical properties are quite stable. When calcined in air, sub-micron CaB6 will only gain weight after 800 degrees Celsius and is not easy to oxidize. CaB6 is generally insoluble in hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, so technically to remove impurity materials by hot hydrochloric acid, but CaB6 is soluble in nitric acid.
How is Calcium Hexaboride CaB6 Powder produced?
One of the main reactions of industrial production is:
CaO + 3 B2O3 + 10 Mg→CaB6 + 10 MgO
Other methods of producing CaB6 powder include:
Calcium or calcium oxide reacts directly with boron at 1000°C;
Ca + 6B→CaB6
Ca(OH)2 reacts with boron under a vacuum of about 1700°C (carbothermal reduction);
Ca（OH）2 + 7B→CaB6 + BO（g）+ H2O（g）
The reaction of calcium carbonate and boron carbide under vacuum above 1400°C (Carbothermal reduction)
CaO and H3BO3 react with Mg to 1100°C.
Low temperature (500°C) synthesis
CaCl2 + 6NaBH4→CaB6 + 2NaCl + 12H2 + 4Na
As a result, the material quality is relatively poor.
In order to produce, for example, pure CaB6 single crystals used as cathode materials, the CaB6 powder thus obtained is further recrystallized and purified by zone melting technology. The typical growth rate is 30 cm/h, and the crystal size is about 1x10 cm.
Single crystal CaB6 nanowires (diameter 15-40 nm, length 1-10 microns) can be obtained by pyrolyzing diborane (B2H6) on calcium oxide (CaO) powder at 860-900°C in the presence of Ni catalyst.
Technical Parameter of Calcium Hexaboride CaB6 Powder:
Product Name MF Purity Particle Size Bulk Density Melting Point Color
Calcium Hexaboride CaB6 99.5% -325 mesh 2.33 g/cm3 2230℃ Gray Black
Application of Calcium Hexaboride CaB6 Powder:
1. Used as a boron-containing additive for dolomite charcoal and magnesium dolomite charcoal refractories to resist oxidation, erosion and improve the thermal strength.
2. Used as a deoxidizing and degassing agent for highly conductive red copper to improve conductivity and strength.
3. Used as a new type of material for preventing neutrons in the nuclear industry.
4. Used as a new type of semiconductor material in spin electronic components with a temperature of 900K.
5. Used as a raw material for manufacturing boron trichloride (BCl3) and amorphous boron.
6. Used as a raw material for manufacturing high-purity metal borides (TiB2, ZrB2, HfB2, etc.) and high-purity boron alloys (Ni-B, Co-B, Cu-B, etc.).
7. Used to manufacture a mixture of catalyst-containing calcium-boron nitride (Ca3B2N4) and hexagonal boron nitride, and to produce crystal cubic boron nitride with excellent performance.
Storage Condition of Calcium Hexaboride CaB6 Powder:
Damp reunion will affect CaB6 powder dispersion performance and using effects, therefore, calcium hexaboride CaB6 powder should be sealed in vacuum packing and stored in cool and dry room, the calcium hexaboride can not be exposure to air. In addition, the CaB6 powder should be avoided under stress.
Packing & Shipping of Calcium Hexaboride CaB6 Powder:
We have many different kinds of packing which depends on the calcium hexaboride CaB6 powder quantity.
Calcium hexaboride CaB6 powder packing: vacuum packing, 1kg/bag, 25kg/barrel, or as your request.
Calcium hexaboride CaB6 powder shipping: could be shipped out by sea, by air, by express as soon as possible once payment receipt.
Calcium Hexaboride Properties
Other Names zirconium boride, ZrB2 powder
CAS No. 12007-99-7
Compound Formula CaB6
Molecular Weight 104.944
Appearance Black Powder
Melting Point 2235 °C
Boiling Point N/A
Density 2.3-2.45 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O Insoluble
Exact Mass N/A
Calcium Hexaboride Health & Safety Information
Signal Word Warning
Hazard Statements H315-H319-H335
Hazard Codes Xi
Risk Codes N/A
Safety Statements N/A
Transport Information NONH for all modes of transport


Updated date:
How to Make Salted Duck or Chicken Eggs
Eggs submerged in salt water
Eggs submerged in salt water
In The Beginning
The existence of salted eggs dates to many centuries ago in Asian countries like China, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Thailand. Salted eggs were probably a daily food among farmers and villagers where other foods were scarce and the people were poor. The only food they had to survive on in those days came from their own crops and farm animals. Preserved and salted foods were also common as they could be stored for a long time without refrigerators, which they didn't have back then.
Salted Duck Eggs
Duck eggs are often used in the making of salted eggs. The traditional way of making salted eggs is by covering the eggs in a salty mud paste and letting the eggs cure for many months. This method is still being used today. Other modern methods are also being used, and it could be one of the reasons why there are more and more inferior-quality salted eggs being sold out there.
The Chinese make salted duck eggs by coating them with a thick paste made from charcoal, salt, water and then wrapping each egg in a plastic bag. The Filipinos use a mixture of clay, salt, and water to coat the duck eggs. The duck eggs are then cured for a few weeks before they are ready to be sold in the markets.
Good Eggs or Bad Eggs
It is easy to tell if a cooked salted egg is of good quality or inferior type. A good salted egg has a bright yellow yolk in the middle that is oozing with thick yellow liquid. A poor quality salted egg lacks the yellow colour in its yolk, sometimes it's not even pale yellow and is often too salty to be eaten.
Where to Buy Salted Eggs
You can find salted duck eggs in most Asian grocery stores. Some of the eggs have been dyed with red or pink colour so as not to get them mixed up with the normal fresh eggs. Some eggs are wrapped individually in plastic bags and are still coated with the black charcoal paste. Half a dozen salted eggs usually cost around $6 from the grocery store.
Why Not Make Your Own
You can also make your own at home with chicken, duck, emu, or quail eggs. Duck eggs are still the best for making this particular dish. There is a particular taste in duck eggs that seems to bring out the aroma, texture, and taste of an authentic salted egg. So, go for duck if you can find them!
Duck eggs coated with black soil to make salted eggs.
Duck eggs coated with black soil to make salted eggs.
How to Make Salted Eggs
You will need the following ingredients/items:
 - 12 eggs
 - 500 grams cooking salt
 - 4 cups water
 - Large glass container with a lid
 1. Pour the cooking salt and water into a pot and boil.
 2. Stir until all the salt has melted and keep boiling until you see lots of salt crystals start to form on the side of the pot. This means the salt water has reached a saturation point and the salt has started to crystallise.
 3. Remove pot from heat and let the salt water cool to room temperature.
 4. Put the eggs in the glass container.
 5. Slowly pour in the salt water and salt crystals until all the eggs are submerged in the water.
 6. Cover the container with the lid and leave it in a cool dark place.
A good quality salted egg is bright yellow and moist inside.
A good quality salted egg is bright yellow and moist inside.
Salted duck eggs sold in the Philippines
Salted duck eggs sold in the Philippines
Waiting Time...
It takes approximately 4 weeks for the eggs to turn salty. If you prefer less salty eggs, you can take out one egg to test for saltiness after three weeks. Boil the salted egg in water for 10 minutes until it is hard-boiled. Let it cool and then remove the shell.
Tasting Time
Taste and see if it is salty enough for your liking. If not, leave the eggs in the container for another week or two, depending on how salty you want them to be.
When you are satisfied with the saltiness of the eggs, remove them from the salt water and store the eggs in the refrigerator until they are needed for cooking.
Serving Suggestions
Salted eggs can be served as a small side dish with rice or noodles. They can also be used as a filling for Chinese mooncakes.
Salted eggs can be used as a side dish served with steamed rice.
Questions & Answers
Question: Can I reuse the salt and water to make another batch of salted eggs?
Answer: You will need to reboil the salt and water if you want to reuse the solution.
Question: Why is salted chicken egg not commercialized like salted duck egg? What is the difference between a salted chicken egg and salted duck egg?
Answer: From my own understanding, the duck egg has a thicker shell that allows it to store better for a long time. Also, duck eggs have a distinct flavor that some people do not like - preserving the duck eggs in salt tends to get rid of that flavor. Duck eggs have bigger yolks, salted egg yolks are becoming very popular in a lot of Asian recipes!
Question: Why should we use a glass container for salted egg stock? What about a plastic Tupperware?
Answer: Personally I like to use glass containers for storing food. You may use Tupperware containers if you prefer them.
Question: After curing salted eggs for 4 weeks, do I need to boil them first before eating or I can just peel them and eat it without cooking?
Answer: The salted eggs need to be cooked before consuming. You can boil them like hard-boiled eggs, or you can break the shell and put them in a bowl and steam until they are cooked. The salted eggs can also be mixed with meat or vegetables for cooking.
Question: How does the egg become salty when cooking?
Answer: Eggshells are porous and salt water can go through the eggshells by a process called osmosis.
Question: Why do the eggs float when put in a container with salt water?
Answer: Salt water has a higher density that causes the eggs to float.
Question: Can the eggs be boiled first before putting them in the jar of salty and water?
Answer: If the eggs are cooked first, they will become hard-boiled eggs. In the solid form, they will take very long to become salted eggs.
Question: Is it true that it is less hygienic to use a mud/soil in making salted eggs?
Answer: I am sure the mud/soil used for salted eggs production commercially has some sort of quality control.
Question: What if an egg is cracked before you put in the glass to make salted eggs?
Answer: If the egg is cracked, do not put it in the container.
Question: Can I directly boil duck eggs with the salt solution?
Answer: If you boil the duck eggs in the salt solution, the process will only cook the eggs but not make them salty.
Question: How long do salted eggs keep for, and how do I store them properly after I finish salting them?
Answer: The salted eggs can be kept in the fridge for several weeks.
Question: I've just recently made a batch of salted chicken eggs for the first time, it was brined for 16 days. The eggs were cooked all they like hard-boiled. Is it normal for the yolk part to be green in color? It sure tasted good though.
Answer: The color of the yolk has something to do with the quality of the egg. Good quality eggs have a bright orange color while poorer quality egg yolks are sometimes pale yellow. I haven't seen green color in the yolks but if the eggs were fresh enough when you bought them, it should not be a problem.
Question: How to color duck eggs?
Answer: Food dye can be used if you want to color the duck eggs.
Question: Is it okay if I don't boil the water and salt when making salted eggs?
Answer: Boiling the water helps to dissolve the salt and attain the saturation point.
Question: How do you preserve a salted egg?
Answer: You can keep the salted eggs in the fridge for a few weeks.
Question: I just bought my first salted eggs and I am not sure what to do with them first. Do I need to wash them or cook them before consuming them?
Answer: If you have bought ready made salted eggs from the store, just give them a wash before you cook them.
Question: Can the curing time be shorter for salted eggs?
Answer: If the curing time is less than 3 weeks, the eggs will not be salty enough and will not store well.
Question: Is there a way to remove the salt content from imported preserved chicken eggs?
Answer: I would suggest soaking the uncooked eggs in water for one to two weeks and changing the water every other day.
Question: Can we make a spicy salted egg?
Answer: You can make the salted egg spicy when it is ready to serve.
Question: Do I have to wait 4 weeks to complete the salted duck egg?
Answer: Yes, it takes time to make salted egg.
Question: Can I use slightly cracked eggs like very small crack on the shells to make salted duck eggs?
Answer: I would prefer not to use eggs with visible cracks.
Question: Does a salted


Insta Glossary: Thirsty
Insta Glossary
Kinda similar to the normal definition of thirsty, the insta meaning is just a little more ruthless, so instead of being thirsty for a glass of water, you would be thirsty for attention or more followers. It's a term given to someone who is desperate or really eager for something.
Example: "That girl is thirsty for that new highlighter, she's been camped outside Sephora for days!"
via Giphy


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breaker rebate of $500 ($6,500 minus $6,000, which is 6 percent of $100,000).
- Kate usually makes $65,000 a year and pays $1,000 in property taxes (1.5 percent of her income) on her Gainesville home, but she loses her job in February. With unemployment insurance, her total income for the year is $20,000. Although she would not usually be eligible for a circuit breaker, she now qualifies for a $200 rebate ($1,000 minus $800, which is 4 percent of $20,000).
Who Would Receive the Benefit?
If this circuit breaker had been in effect in 2005, the following groups of Floridians would have been eligible for a credit:
- About 53 percent of households earning less than $60,000;
- About 12 percent of households earning between $60,000 and $100,000; and
- About 6 percent of households earning between $100,000 and $150,000.
How Much Would a Circuit Breaker Cost?
A circuit breaker of the design illustrated above would likely cost significantly less than $1 billion a year in the first several years after implementation.
Experience from other states suggests that a strong outreach campaign is necessary to inform eligible households about the program and encourage them to apply. The state, localities, or nonprofit organizations can engage in such outreach. If outreach is particularly successful, costs could increase in future years.
Can Florida Administer a Circuit Breaker?
States typically use one of three mechanisms to deliver property tax circuit breakers: a direct rebate check, an income tax credit, or a credit for future property tax bills. Since Florida does not have a personal income tax, the program would have to be administered as a direct state rebate. Half of the states with circuit breakers administer their programs through a direct state rebate. In these states, applicants must either attach a copy of their federal tax returns or other income-related documents, or sign an affidavit stating that their income information is true and correct. Florida could require similar documentation.
Florida legislators should use a circuit breaker to create a fair and targeted property tax system and to address property tax discord. Such a program can provide meaningful assistance to lowand middle-income Floridians.
 CBPP analysis of 2005 Census American Community Survey data. Since the legislature rolled back property taxes to their 2005 level, this data is a reasonable reflection of the current situation.
 CBPP analysis of 2005 Census American Community Survey data.
 These states are Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Wisconsin, and the District of Columbia.
 For more information, see Karen Lyons, Sarah Farkas, and Nicholas Johnson, "The Property Tax Circuit Breaker: An Introduction and Survey of Current Programs," Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, March 21, 2007, _URL_
 Please note this information reflects Census American Community Survey data from 2005. Property taxes in Florida have increased somewhat since then. This is the most recent available data on individual property tax payments. This is the most recent available data on individual property tax payments. Since the legislature rolled back property taxes to their 2005 level, this data is a reasonable reflection of the current situation.
 According to the 2005 American Housing Survey, 31 percent of all households in the U.S. are renters, while 57.4 percent of households in poverty are renters. Table 2-1, 2005 American Housing Survey, US Census Bureau (_URL_
 CBPP analysis of 2005 Census American Community Survey data.
 If every eligible household had successfully applied for this circuit breaker credit, the program would have cost roughly $2 billion dollars in 2005. However, participation in programs such as these rarely reaches 100 percent. In fact, participation often reaches only 50 percent a few years after the program's inception. This does not mean such a program is ineffective, but rather that it can be improved. It is extremely important to those households that do claim it. If the circuit breaker is used in conjunction with other property tax relief mechanisms, such as an expanded homestead exemption, its cost would be lower than the $1 billion estimate.


What is his purpose and why does Steinbeck put Noah in The Grapes of Wrath?
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Functionally and superficially, Noah has several roles. We can also look at his character thematically.
Functionally, Noah is the eldest son and so should hold a certain position of authority in the family. He does not fulfill the role assigned to this position however as he is tempermentally incapable of doing so. He is just not a leader. In this way, Tom becomes the leader of his generation, having overcome this formal obstacle.
(Formal obstacles and arbitrary hurdles often seem to get between Tom and his goals. Overcoming them is part of his development and part of what makes him the protagonist of the novel.)
Superficially, Noah's presence brings the family number up to twelve (Ma, Pa, Uncle John, Noah, Tom, Rose of Sharon, Connie, Al, Winfield, Ruthie, Granpa, Granma). This has a Biblical resonance when considered alongside the presence of the preacher, Casy.
Thematically, Noah is an example of how the family breaks up under stress as well as under more overtly physical demands.
When [Tom] tells her about Noah, Ma feels the "family's fallin' apart."
Death and despair reduce the family to eight by the time the Joads leave their first camp in California. Noah represents some of this despair, saying that he is "sad" and has to stay by the river.
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Karyalaya meaning in English
Meaning of "Karyalaya" karyalaya voice image
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office, workplace office, workplace voice image
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At the 24th APS Annual Convention, Iris Mauss will host a workshop called Studying Emotions in the Laboratory. Mauss is an assistant professor of psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. Her own emotion research focuses on emotion regulation and how emotion regulation affects wellbeing. She has given the Observer a preview of what she will cover in her workshop.
What methods for studying emotion are you going to discuss in your workshop?
For inducing emotion, we will discuss advantages and disadvantages of various approaches, including pictures, film clips, and naturalistic interactions. For measuring emotion, we will cover advantages and disadvantages of three common measures: experience, facial behavior, and autonomic physiology. From within this wide range of methods, the workshop will focus on those of particular interest to workshop attendees.
How can researchers measure emotional responses empirically? Can you give an example of the standards you use for your own research?
This is a very complex, big, and tricky question that relates to the larger question of what an emotion is. Briefly, researchers often take a multi-method approach to measure the intensity of participants' emotions. In the workshop, we will focus on three common approaches to doing so: experience sampling (e.g., asking participants how much anger they felt), coding facial behavior (e.g., coding from videotapes the intensity of facial expressions of anger), and measuring autonomic physiology (e.g., measuring participants' blood pressure).
What are some challenges researchers encounter while studying emotion in the lab?
There are two major questions that researchers who want to study emotions in the laboratory are faced with. First, how can scientists ethically make participants emotional (evoke emotions such as sadness, happiness, or anger) in the laboratory? And second, how can scientists measure whether an emotion has occurred and how intense the emotion was? Basically, the whole workshop will deal with how to overcome these challenges, and we will talk about various ways to address these challenges as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each approach.
Why should convention attendees come to your workshop? What can they expect to take away from your presentation?
I think conference attendees who would benefit from this workshop are those who seek a brief and practical introduction to studying emotions in the laboratory. Attendees should emerge from the workshop with the ability to begin to design rigorous laboratory studies involving emotion.
Leave a comment below and continue the conversation.


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In this paper, a systematic group contribution based framework is presented for synthesis of process flowsheets from a given set of input and output specifications. Analogous to the group contribution methods developed for molecular design, the framework employs process groups to represent different unit operations in the system. Feasible flowsheet configurations are generated using efficient combinatorial algorithms and the performance of each candidate flowsheet is evaluated using a set of flowsheet properties. A systematic notation system called SFILES is used to store the structural information of each flowsheet to minimize the computational load and information storage. The design variables for the selected flowsheet(s) are identified through a reverse simulation approach and are used as initial estimates for rigorous simulation to verify the feasibility and performance of the design.
Computer-aided Chemical Engineering, 2011, p. 321-325
Process group contribution; Flowsheet synthesis/design; Reverse simulation
Main Research Area:
Computer - Aided Chemical Engineering
21st European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering, 2011


What Is The Meaning Of Recklessly In English?
What is the meaning of recklessly?
1 : marked by lack of proper caution : careless of consequences.
2 : irresponsible reckless charges..
How do you use reckless in a sentence?
1, She was charged with reckless driving. 2, She was a good rider, but reckless. 3, He showed a reckless disregard for his own safety. 4, He had always been reckless with money.
What's another word for reckless?
Some common synonyms of reckless are adventurous, daredevil, daring, foolhardy, rash, and venturesome. While all these words mean "exposing oneself to danger more than required by good sense," reckless implies heedlessness of probable consequences.
What does good recklessly mean?
The fact that the need could have been fake simply did not outweigh the good that would come if the need was indeed real. Thus, "Do Good Recklessly" was born. The purpose of the phrase "Do Good Recklessly" is to put the kindness and compassion of the world back into perspective.
What is reckless Behaviour?
Reckless behavior. Definition. Reckless behavior is the conscious disregard of a substantial and unjustifiable risk. … They know others are not engaging in the behavior (i.e., it is not the norm). The behavior represents a conscious choice to disregard what they know to be a substantial and unjustifiable risk.
What does recklessness mean?
adjective. utterly unconcerned about the consequences of some action; without caution; careless (usually followed by of): to be reckless of danger.
Is reckless a negative word?
The word reckless comes from the Old English word receleas, meaning "careless, thoughtless, heedless." If you have a reckless attitude, you aren't concerned about what happens to yourself or others who are affected by your actions. In this usage, reckless is the opposite of considerate.
What does bawl mean?
1 : to cry out loudly and unrestrainedly a sergeant bawling at his troops. 2 : to cry loudly : wail He lay on his bed, bawling uncontrollably. transitive verb. : to cry out at the top of one's voice "Get out of the car!" she bawled. bawl.
How much is too much meaning?
When to Use Too Much Too much is a phrase that means excessive or excessively.
Whats the opposite of lazy?
What is the opposite of lazy?hard-workingdiligentindustriousconscientiousassiduoushardworkingambitiouscommitteddedicateddevoted30 more rows


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DALLAS - Students scheduled to return to Sand Hill Elementary School later this month may have to wait a little longer, as Marshall County Schools officials said the building was damaged by coal mining beneath the property.
In November, the 56 students and their teachers relocated to Hilltop Elementary School to allow Consol Energy Inc. to mine around the Sand Hill building. The mining, which was originally scheduled to begin Sept. 1, was delayed until later in the month. As crews approached the building, the students were moved to ensure their safety. Workers were scheduled to be done with work near the school by about the middle of January, when engineers from Consol and the district would inspect the school and determine its safety before allowing students to return.
Although crews have already passed the school building with their mining operations, Marshall County Superintendent Fred Renzella said a tentative report from Consol indicates there is some cracking in the block structure of the school. The front door of the building also has been damaged, along with the surrounding structure.
"They have seen a number of stress cracks throughout the corners of the building," Renzella said Monday, adding he had not yet received the report in writing.
Once the written report is received and reviewed, the district will send its own contractors to verify the findings. Following verification, crews will determine the extent of the damage and decide who will do any repairs that are needed. Until then, school officials and students must wait for word on how long they will remain at Hilltop Elementary School.
"Until we get the official report from Consol, we are in a hold pattern," Renzella said.
Renzella noted November's transition went well, and he has heard no complaints from parents.
"When we had our initial meeting with the PTA, everyone was extremely neighborly and welcoming," he said.
He added that the principal at Hilltop, Cindy McCutcheon, was the principal at Sand Hill just a year ago, which made the transition for students and teachers much easier.
"She knows the parents well, and they have faith and trust in her and are assured their children are receiving a good education," he said.
Although it was not in the original plan, Renzella said the district is prepared to use Hilltop as the main school for all involved students until the Sand Hill building is deemed safe.
After finishing work at the site later this month, crews are expected to return this summer to mine a panel on the other side of the building. Students will be on summer vacation during that phase of mining.
Consol spokeswoman Lynn Manning declined to comment Monday, saying the company will issue a statement on the situation at Sand Hill at a later date.


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This paper investigates whether people are equally irrational in finance and everyday decisions by examining the responses of a 20-question survey conducted at Pace University. Results from our data indicated that we could not conclude that people are more irrational in one area more than the other. People appear to be equally overconfident in both. Testing for frame versus substance, the second set of data; the t-test signifies that people are more irrational in their finance decisions than they are in their everyday decisions with more than 99% certainty. The third and final category of responses were tested for problem solving: in other words are people more rational in solving problems, such as "Montay Hall" questions, in finance or everyday. From the t-test results we were not able to conclude that people are more irrational in their finance decisions than they are in their everyday decisions. The test did however confirm previous research that people, given a second opportunity, usually do not choose to change their first response even if by calculating the probability it is the more rational decision. It seems reasonable to obtain different results for different decisions making traits. On the basis of these results we conclude that although people are irrational in general they may be more irrational in finance or everyday depending on the irrational behavior being examined.
Kats, Milena, "Are We Equally Irrational in Financial and Everyday Decisions?" (2006). Honors College Theses. Paper 44.


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City of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
The City of Saskatoon is located in western Canada, and has a population of approximately 200,000. The City continues to be anchored by a lush natural river valley as it was when it was founded in 1881.
As with most other North American towns and cities, Saskatoon faces many challenges in dealing with worn-out infrastructure. Prior to 1996, some reinvestment had occurred on high-volume collector and arterial roads, but virtually no major works had occurred on residential streets. Citizens had to wait for sewer and/or water system replacement projects before they could expect any major reconstruction of their street.
In 1995, City staff prepared a report for council that addressed the need for reinvestment in residential streets. The report, based on the findings of a comprehensive condition study and pavement management analysis, concluded that a significant investment was required in order to keep residential streets in a reasonable condition.
The report went on to discuss the potential for introducing micro-surfacing as a treatment for residential streets. Micro-surfacing is a mixture of emulsion, aggregate, water, and mineral filler which is cold-placed in a thin layer on the road surface, thus sealing surface irregularities and reducing moisture infiltration into the road structure. Micro-surfacing was invented in the 1930s in Germany, and has been used successfully by many agencies throughout the world as a pavement preservation treatment.
Based on a life-cycle cost analysis, the report concluded that should micro-surfacing be introduced as a treatment in Saskatoon, the five-year funding requirements for the network would be approximately $3.9 million.
If only "traditional" methods of treatment were used, the average annual investment required to keep streets in a similar overall condition would be $8.1 million. In Saskatoon, "traditional" meant to perform routine maintenance until the road failed; then reconstruct.
City council accepted the report, including administration's recommendation to introduce micro-surfacing as a treatment, and dedicated $1.25 million dollars for the 1996 construction season.
In 1996 and every year since, the City has tendered a yearly micro-surfacing program for residential streets. The objectives of the program are to repair road failures, ensure that there is positive drainage from the pavement surface, and resurface the pavement with micro-surfacing. Road repairs and leveling are performed by City crews using hot-mix asphalt for fills and road profilers for cuts. All micro-surfacing is carried out through publicly-tendered contracts.
One key to the success of the micro-surfacing program was convincing council, City staff, and the public that the City needed to spend money on roads that, from a driver's perspective, were performing fine. Preventive maintenance treatments, such as micro-surfacing, would prevent these roads from failing prematurely. The City could not dedicate sufficient funds at that time to both rehabilitate streets that had failed as well as perform micro-surfacing on streets requiring preventive maintenance.
City council accepted administration's recommendation to focus efforts on the preventive maintenance approach. Statements such as "an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure," or "think of it like changing oil in your carâ€"a small cost now will save you huge costs down the road" were often used to calm down taxpayers who didn't understand why we were fixing up other roads while their road was in need of reconstruction.
Council, administration, and the general public have raved about the program ever since its introduction. To date, approximately 24 percent of the City's residential streets have been micro-surfaced.
In 2000, City administration reviewed the condition of micro-surfaced streets in order to determine whether the treatment was meeting the desired intent. Failures were measured and categorized as either "delamination" failures (micro-surface had peeled off) or "thinness" failures (micro-surface had worn through).
Of the 461,886 square metres that were rated, only 1.1 percent (4,968) square metres had failed. Further analysis showed that, on average, micro-surfacing on residential streets was failing at a rate of 0.4 percent per year (4 square metres failed for every 1,000 square metres placed). This failure rate exceeded administration's expectations and confirmed observations that the treatment was performing extremely well. Success of the program is attributed to the skill and commitment of both the City crews who perform the preparatory work as well as the contractors who carry out the micro-surfacing itself.
The report also made two major recommendations for further work to be undertaken. The first recommendation was based on quantifying the overall cost effectiveness of the program. Although administration believes that the program is extremely cost effective, a comprehensive study, including life-cycle cost comparisons, needs to be done in order to ensure that the funding being dedicated to micro-surfacing is in fact the most appropriate way to preserve pavements.
The second recommendation is based on ensuring that life expectancy of the micro-surfacing treatment is maximized. "Influence factors," such as emulsion source, relative humidity during construction, mix design results, aggregate quality, application rate, and other factors will be tracked in detail during construction to help enable the City to develop correlations between these factors and actual performance. This type of analysis, combined with keeping on top of industry research and best practices, will help ensure that the City of Saskatoon is getting the maximum life out of our micro-surfacing treatment.
Due in large part to the success of the leveling/micro-surfacing initiative, the City of Saskatoon's residential streets are now in much better overall condition than they were in 1996. In 2000, council began phasing in an annual program of $1.5 million annually which is dedicated to the rehabilitation of residential streets that have failed completely.
The City is now reaping the benefits of a preventive maintenance approach. Had the City maintained our "fix it when it fails" approach rather than the micro-surfacing approach, we would be facing a much different residential street condition than we are now. The micro-surfacing program has allowed us to get the most out of our existing pavements, resulting in surplus funds that can now be used to rehabilitate roads that have reached the end of their service life.
To reach Jeff Jorgenson, call _PHONE_ or send a Fax to _PHONE_.


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Along the northern bank of the Tagus River lies this large stone monument celebrating Portugal's Age of Discovery and sitting on the location that ships bound for Asia used to depart from in the 15th and 16th centuries. It was constructed for the Portuguese World Fair in 1940, inaugurated in 1960 upon the anniversary of Henry the Navigator's death, and has been a Cultural Center of Discovery since 1985. The monument depicts 33 sculpted historical figures including explorers, monarchs, artists and missionaries, all led by Henry the Navigator at the front. The figures are spread along both sides of a ship, intentionally looking forward and facing the sea.
Outside of viewing the monument itself, there is a large marble wind rose embedded in the pavement containing a world map that illustrates the locations of Portugal's various explorations. There is also a museum with exhibition rooms in the monument, with panoramic views of Lisbon and the Tagus River from its rooftop.


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Ashley Magnetic World Map - 12 " Width X 17 " Height
item #: ASH77013
World map features a handy, magnetic backing for damage-free display on any magnetic-receptive surface in your room. Write-on/wipe-off surface allows you to write directly on the map and quickly wipes clean for fast edits and cleanup. Its blank format allows students to write down each country or draw out significant landscapes to help keep them engaged throughout your lesson. Plus, every country is shaded in an assortment of highly visible colors to allow your young learners to easily distinguish the borders.


What is an eco friendly alternative to jet fuel?
 1. 0 Votes
 As part of NASA's Alternative Aviation Fuel Experiment II (AAFEX II), a chicken fat-based jet fuel was tested. The fuel, called Hydrotreated Renewable Jet Fuel, was to be used as fuel in a NASA DC-8 aircraft. Hydrotreated Renewable Jet Fuel was not developed by NASA, however; it has been used successfully in various other aircraft, including by an F-16CM Fighting Falcon, one of which recently used a 50/50 mixture of regular jet fuel and the biofuel.
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Buenaventura climate guide, Colombia
Welcome to the Buenaventura climate guide, which shows average weather for Buenaventura, Colombia. Check maximum temperature, the number of days with rainfall, sea temperature and daily hours of sunshine for each month of the year.
Buenaventura climate guide: quick links
- Buenaventura temperature
- Buenaventura rainfall
- Buenaventura sunshine hours
- Buenaventura sea temperature
Maximum temperature (°C) in Buenaventura
Days with some rain in Buenaventura
Hours of sunshine in Buenaventura
Sea temperature (°C) in Buenaventura
The Buenaventura climate guide is provided by Weather2Travel.com. For more information about the weather in Buenaventura, Colombia including monthly rainfall, mininum temperature, UV maximum, heat & humidity and daylight hours visit the Colombia climate guide page.


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EVM Measurements for a 802.15.4 (ZigBee®) System
This example shows how to use the COMM.EVMCOMM.EVM System object to measure the error vector magnitude (EVM) of a simulated IEEE® 802.15.4 [ 1 ] transmitter. IEEE 802.15.4 is the basis for the ZigBee specifications.
Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)
The error vector magnitude (EVM) is a measure of the difference between a reference waveform, which is the error-free modulated signal, and the actual transmitted waveform. EVM is used to quantify the modulation accuracy of a transmitter. [ 1 ] requires that a 802.15.4 transmitter shall not have an RMS EVM value worse than 35%.
System Parameters
An 802.15.4 system for 868 MHz band employs direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) with binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) used for chip modulation and differential encoding used for data symbol encoding.
dataRate = 20e3; % Bit rate in Hz
M = 2; % Modulation order (BPSK)
chipValues = [1;1;1;1;0;1;0;1;1;0;0;1;0;0;0];
 % Chip values for bit 0.
 % Chip values for 1 is the opposite.
Section 6.7.3 of [ 1 ] specifies that the measurements are performed over 1000 samples of I and Q baseband outputs. To account for filter delays, we include 1 more bit in the simulation of the transmitted symbols. We chose to oversample the transmitted signal by four. We assume an SNR of 60 dB to account for transmitter and test hardware imperfections.
numSymbols = 1000; % Number of symbols required for one EVM value
numFrames = 100; % Number of frames
nSamps = 4; % Number of samples that represents a symbol
filtSpan = 8; % Filter span in symbols
gain = length(chipValues); % Spreading gain (number of chips per symbol)
chipRate = gain*dataRate; % Chip rate
sampleRate = nSamps*chipRate; % Final sampling rate
numBits = ceil((numSymbols)/gain)+1;
 % Number of bits required for one EVM value
SNR = 60; % Simulated signal-to-noise ratio in dB
We can obtain BPSK modulated symbols with a simple mapping of 0 to +1 and 1 to -1. If we also map the chip values, then we can modulate before bit-to-chip conversion and use matrix math to write efficient MATLAB® code. ZigBee specifications also define the pulse shaping filter as having a raised cosine pulse shape with rolloff factor of 1.
% Map chip values
chipValues = 1 - 2*chipValues;
% Design a raised cosine filter with rolloff factor 1
hTxFilter = comm.RaisedCosineTransmitFilter('RolloffFactor', 1,...
 'OutputSamplesPerSymbol', nSamps,...
 'FilterSpanInSymbols', filtSpan);
hRxFilter = comm.RaisedCosineReceiveFilter('RolloffFactor', 1,...
 'InputSamplesPerSymbol', nSamps,...
 'FilterSpanInSymbols', filtSpan,...
 'DecimationFactor', nSamps);
EVM Measurements
The Communications System Toolbox™ provides COMM.EVM to calculate RMS EVM, Maximum EVM, and Xth percentile EVM values. Section 6.7.3 of [ 1 ] defines the EVM calculation method, where the average error of measured I and Q samples are normalized by the power of a symbol. For a BPSK system, the power of both constellation symbols is the same. Therefore, we can use the 'Peak constellation power' normalization option. Other available normalization options, which can be used with other communications system standards, are average constellation power and average reference signal power.
hEVM = comm.EVM('Normalization', 'Peak constellation power')
hEVM =
 System: comm.EVM
 Normalization: 'Peak constellation power'
 PeakConstellationPower: 1
 MaximumEVMOutputPort: false
 XPercentileEVMOutputPort: false
We first generate random data bits, differentially encode these bits using a DifferentialEncoderDifferentialEncoder System object, and modulate using BPSK. We spread the modulated symbols by employing a matrix multiplication with the mapped chip values. The spread symbols are then passed through a pulse shaping filter. The EVM object assumes that received symbols, rd, and reference symbols, c, are synchronized, and sampled at the same rate. We downsample the received signal, r, and synchronize with the reference signal, c.
[ 1 ] requires that 1000 symbols be used in one RMS EVM calculation. To ensure we have enough averaging, we simulate 100 frames of 1000 symbols and use the maximum of these 100 RMS EVM measurements as the measurement result. We see that the simulated transmitter meets the criteria mentioned in Error Vector Magnitude section above.
% Tx and Rx filter delays are identical and equal to half the filter span.
% Total delay is equal to the sum of two filter delays, which is the filter
% span of one filter.
refSigDelay = hTxFilter.FilterSpanInSymbols;
% Simulated number of symbols in a frame
simNumSymbols = numBits*gain;
% Initialize peak RMS EVM
peakRMSEVM = -inf;
% Create a comm.DifferentialEncoder object to differentially encode data
hdiffenc = comm.DifferentialEncoder;
% Create an comm.AWGNChannel System object and set its NoiseMethod property
% to 'Signal to noise ratio (SNR)'
 'SNR', SNR);
% Loop over bursts
for p=1:numFrames
 % Generate random data
 b = randi([0 M-1], numBits, 1);
 % Differentially encode
 d = step(hdiffenc, b);
 % Modulate
 x = 1-2*d;
 % Convert symbols to chips (spread)
 c = reshape(chipValues*x', simNumSymbols, 1);
 % Pulse shape
 cUp = step(hTxFilter, c);
 % Calculate and set the 'SignalPower' property of the channel object
 hChan.SignalPower = sum(cUp.^2)/length(cUp);
 % Add noise
 r = step(hChan, cUp);
 % Downsample received signal. Account for the filter delay.
 rd = step(hRxFilter, r);
 % Measure using the EVM System object
 rmsEVM = step(hEVM,...
 complex(rd(refSigDelay+(1:numSymbols))),...
 % Update peak RMS EVM calculation
 if (peakRMSEVM < rmsEVM)
 peakRMSEVM = rmsEVM;
% Display results
fprintf(' Worst case RMS EVM (%%): %1.2f\n', peakRMSEVM)
 Worst case RMS EVM (%): 0.19
We showed how to utilize COMM.EVM to test if a ZigBee transmitter complies with the standard specified EVM values. We used a crude model that only introduces additive white Gaussian noise and showed that the measured EVM is less than the standard specified 35%.
Selected Bibliography
 1. IEEE Standard 802.15.4, Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks, 2003.
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Synagogue in Speyer
Historical Museum of the Palatinate in Speyer
The medieval synagogue in Speyer, which exists only as a ruin, was reconstructed on the computer for the exhibition "Europe's Jews in the Middle Ages" in the Historical Museum of the Palatinate. A simulation film illustrates the history of the building with its various Romanesque and Gothic construction phases. Fadings between the computer model and archaeological findings make it clear to the observer what remains from the Middle Ages and what is derived from the reconstruction. The exhibition was shown in Speyer from November 19, 2004 to March 20, 2005. Thereafter, it could be seen in the Pei building of the German Historical Museum in Berlin.


Socket 370
Definition - What does Socket 370 mean?
Socket 370 is the receptacle (CPU socket) for the 370-pin Intel Pentium III, Intel Celeron and VIA Cyrix III processor. The 370 replaced the more expensive slot 1 Pentium II CPU interface on personal computers. It is designed for ease of manufacture and allows users to easily upgrade microprocessors.
Socket 370 is also known as the PGA370 socket.
Techopedia explains Socket 370
The socket 370 is the same size as the socket 7, but with a different voltage and number of pins. The 370 has a zero insertion force socket, which includes a lever opening and closing to secure the processor.
Mechanical load limits on the socket 370 processor interface with the motherboard are critical during heat sink assembly, shipping conditions or standard use. If loads are exceeded, the processor die may crack, making it unusable. Maximums on the die surface are 200 lbf (pound-force) dynamic and 50 lbf static. The maximums on the die edge are 100 lbf dynamic and 12 lbf static. These are quite small compared to the mechanical load limits on the socket 478 processors.
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