Fragility Index Calculator
Calculates the number of patients required to lose statistical significance
Study Data
Control Group Question
Number WITH primary endpoint Question
Number WITHOUT primary endpoint --
Total number of control patients
Experimental Group
Number WITH primary endpoint Question
Number WITHOUT primary endpoint --
Total number of experimental patients
Enter number of patients without primary endpoint instead
RESULTS
Fragility Index
8
A fragility index of 8 indicates that if 8 patients in the experimental group were "converted" from NOT having the primary endpoint to HAVING the primary endpoint, the study would lose statistical significance (p > 0.05). The higher the fragility index, the more robust the results of a study are. Learn more about an "acceptable" fragility index.
 Original Study Fragility Index "Fragile" Study
Control group with outcome (N) 50 50
Control group without outcome (N) 450 450
Experimental group with outcome (N) 25 + 8 33
Experimental group without outcome (N) 475 - 8 467
P value 0.004 0.066
About This Calculator
The fragility index is a measure of the robustness (or fragility) of the results of a clinical trial. The fragility index is a number indicating how many patients would be required to convert a trial from being statistically significant to not significant (p ≥ 0.05). The larger the fragility index the better (more robust) a trial's data are. The intent of the fragility index is to be used in conjunction with the P value, 95% confidence interval, and various measures describing benefit or risk (relative risk reduction, absolute risk reduction, etc).
How Is the Fragility Index Calculated?
The fragility index is calculated by converting one patient in the group (control or experimental group) from a "non-event" to an "event" outcome and recalculating a two-sided Fisher's exact test until the P value meets or exceeds 0.05. In essence, the calculation describes how many patients would have had to have a different outcome (within the group with the fewest number of events) to make a study's results not statistically significant.
What Is an "Acceptable" Fragility Index?
There is no specific fragility index that is accepted as being a "good" (robust) or "bad" (fragile) value. In the manuscript introducing the concept, a convenience sample of 399 randomized controlled trials with statistically significant results were analyzed from five high-impact journals.1 This study found the following results, which serves to describe the landscape of fragility index among clinical trials that in general are considered high-quality or "robust" studies:
 - The median fragility index was 8 (IQR 3 to 18)
 - 25% of trials had a fragility index ≤ 3
 - 10% of trials had a fragility index of zero (see Fragility Index of Zero for an explanation)
 - When loss to follow-up was reported, 52.9% of trials had a larger fragility index compared to the number of patients lost to follow-up
At least two other publications have summarized the fragility index within other areas of medicine:
Median Fragility Index in RCTs
Error bars in the graph above indicate the interquartile range (IQR) of each publication
 - Walsch 20141: Included 399 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from five high-impact journals
 - Evaniew 20152: Included 40 orthopedic spine surgery RCTs with a variety of different endpoints
 - Ridgeon 20163: Included 56 critical care RCTs with an endpoint of mortality
Aside from comparing a study's fragility index to the fragility index of other trials, another method of interpreting a fragility index is to compare the value against the number of patients lost to follow-up. As a general rule of thumb, if the number of patients lost to follow-up is greater than the fragility index, the study should be considered less robust. The three previously mentioned publications also reported the percent of trials in which the number lost to follow-up exceeded the fragility index:
Trials with Higher Fragility Index than Number Lost to Follow-Up
 - Walsch 20141: Included 399 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from five high-impact journals
 - Evaniew 20152: Included 40 orthopedic spine surgery RCTs with a variety of different endpoints
 - Ridgeon 20163: Included 56 critical care RCTs with an endpoint of mortality
Fragility Index of Zero
By definition, the fragility index is calculated using a Fisher's exact test.1 Other methods, such as a Chi squared test, are commonly used to compare a dichotomous (binary) outcome in clinical trials. Particularly for small trials, the P value from a Fisher's exact test can be discrepant from a Chi squared test. In the cases where a Fisher's exact test produces a non-significant P value (without "converting" a patient from a non-event to an event), the fragility index is reported as '0' and clearly emphasizes the lack of robustness of the trial data.
Limitations of the Fragility Index
Because of how a fragility index is calculated, there are several inherent limitations to its use:
 1. Use of Fisher's exact test for statistical significance - In the manuscript describing the fragility index,1 the authors decided to use a Fisher's exact test for the calculation procedure. In general, this tends to be more conservative (more prone to a type II error) than other methods, such as a Chi squared test. This difference in statistical test can lead to a fragility index of zero even though the original study showed statistically significant results.
 2. Only appropriate for dichotomous (binary) outcomes - The fragility index cannot be applied to an outcome that is a continuous variable. For example, a primary endpoint using a modified Rankin scale (a scale measuring death or disability between 0 and 6) is not appropriate for a Fisher's exact test (and thus not appropriate for a fragility index calculation). With that said, however, some studies do dichotomize a continuous endpoint. For example, an endpoint of "good outcome" (modified Rankin scale of 0 to 3) versus a "bad outcome" (modified Rankin 4 to 6) converts a continuous variable to a binary variable, in which case a fragility index can be calculated.
 3. Possibly not appropriate for time-to-event outcomes - Although many time-to-event outcomes are usually dichotomous (eg, mortality), the fragility index does not account for the difference in outcome over time. Particularly in longer studies with variable follow-up time periods and treatment durations, an analysis accounting for time (such as a Kaplan-Meier curve or Cox proportional hazards model) are more appropriate than a simple binary outcome analysis without accounting for time.
 4. No standard fragility index "cut-off"As discussed above (What Is an "Acceptable" Fragility Index?), there is no specific cut-off or lower limit of the fragility index to classify a study as "fragile" or "robust". To a large extent, the interpretation of the fragility index and the interpretation of the index in conjunction with the trial's results are inherently subjective.
References and Additional Reading
 1. Walsh M, Srinathan SK, McAuley DF, et al. The statistical significance of randomized controlled trial results is frequently fragile: a case for a Fragility Index. J Clin Epidemiol. 2014 Jun;67(6):622-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.10.019. PMID 24508144
 2. Evaniew N, Files C, Smith C, et al. The fragility of statistically significant findings from randomized trials in spine surgery: a systematic survey. Spine J. 2015 Oct 1;15(10):2188-97. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2015.06.004. PMID 26072464
 3. Ridgeon EE, Young PJ, Bellomo R, et al. The Fragility Index in Multicenter Randomized Controlled Critical Care Trials. Crit Care Med. 2016 Jul;44(7):1278-84. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001670. PMID 26963326
Search
Follow Us!
New and Popular
Loading...
Open Menu
Cite This Page
Show AMA citation
Which of these drugs causes acute kidney injury? The Top 250 Drugs by ClinCalc Academy
©2017 - ClinCalc LLC. All rights reserved.
Disclaimer - Privacy Policy - Contact Us
Updated Mar 4, 2017
[X]
We've filled out some of the form to show you this clinical calculator in action. Click here to start from scratch and enter your own patient data.
Back to Top
Top


text:
Giant Fish Slide for Ice Harbor Damby Staff
BPA Journal, April 2005
A 10-story-tall, 850-ton spillway weir was towed nearly 200 miles up the Columbia river in mid-February to Ice Harbor Dam near the confluence of the Snake and Columbia rivers. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers will attach it to one of the dam spillways by the end of March.
BPA funded the $20 million innovative juvenile fish bypass structure, commonly referred to as a fish slide. Regular spillways pass fish at high speed and under high pressure through gates 50 feet below the surface. The removable weir passes spill close to the water surface giving fish a slower, low-pressure ride. The less turbulent water on the dam's downstream side allows the smolts to move downstream more quickly and avoid predators.
learn more on topics covered in the film
see the video
read the script
learn the songs

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
top of page
With a strong and distinguished Welsh population, the Welsh Society of Philadelphia continued to meet and to assist needy Welsh immigrants throughout the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries.
More recently, the Welsh Society has led the way among Welsh-American organizations in cultural, philanthropic, and educational programs.
The prestigious Robert Morris Award is presented to a distinguished Welsh-American at the Society's St. David's Day banquet.
The Divine Service is held annually on a Sunday near St. David's Day in the St. David's Chapel of the Arch Street Presbyterian Church, 18th and Arch St, Philadelphia and is followed by a Te Bach
Mae hen wlad fy nhadau yn annwyl i mi
bottom of page


text:
How to make the mouse left-handed in Mac OS X
This page explains step-by-step how to make the mouse left-handed in Mac OS X. Unless you have a single-button mouse, your mouse is set up for a right-handed person by default, with the primary button on the left. However, you can swap the function of the mouse buttons from the default left click, so that a right click is instead used for selection and dragging. You'll just need to remember to press the opposite button to what is called for when you are following instructions (for example, if you are requested to right-click on something).
Note: The following abbreviations for keys on the Mac are used: Ctrl is used for the Control key, Apple is used for the Command key, and Alt is used for the Option key. For keyboard access, make sure 'Full keyboard access' is turned on - you can turn it on or off by pressing Ctrl + F1 at any time.
Step 1: Open the 'Keyboard & Mouse' window
Make sure you are in 'Finder'. If necessary, press Apple + Tab to cycle through the open applications until you return to 'Finder'.
Click on the 'Apple' icon on the menu bar or press Ctrl + F2.
Click on 'System Preferences', as shown in Fig 1, or press the down arrow key to highlight it and then press Enter.
In the 'System Preferences' window (shown in Fig 2), click on the 'Keyboard & Mouse' icon, or press Tab repeatedly (you might need to press Ctrl + F7 first) to cycle through the icons until the 'Keyboard & Mouse' icon is highlighted and then press the Spacebar.
Step 2: Swap the primary and secondary mouse buttons
In the 'Keyboard & Mouse' window, make sure the 'Mouse' tab is selected. If it is not, click on it, or press Ctrl + F7 to highlight one of the tabs and then press the left or right arrow key to select it. Depending on the mouse you are using, you will see something like the window shown in Fig 3, which shows the default button settings for a right-handed person.
Click on the drop-down button to the right of the picture of the mouse and select 'Primary Button' from the list, or press Tab until the drop-down button is highlighted and then use the up and down arrow keys to scroll through the options.
Click on the drop-down button to the left of the picture of the mouse and select 'Secondary Button' from the list, or press Tab until the drop-down button is highlighted and then use the up and down arrow keys to scroll through the options.
(If you prefer to use your mouse as if it had a single button, select 'Primary Button' from the drop-down lists to both the right and the left of the picture of the mouse.)
You can also change the function of the side buttons and scroll ball (or scroll wheel), if your mouse has these.
When you are finished, click on the window's red close button or press Apple + W.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


NEW! Our Hero's Journey tool can help you with your next step towards financial freedom - click here to try now.
Advertiser Disclosure
What does it mean to 'keep your powder dry'?
What does it mean to 'keep your powder dry'?
Image source: Getty Images.
'Keep your powder dry' is a saying that you may be familiar with. But have you ever wondered what it means or where it comes from? This colloquial expression from the 1800s once worked as an alternative to 'take care' or 'be ready'.
Plot your path towards financial freedom with our Hero's Journey tool!
Over time, the phrase has found its way into the financial world, where it now means to always be ready for opportunities.
Basic meaning
The Cambridge Dictionary says that 'keep your powder dry' means 'remain cautious and ready for a possible emergency'. This refers more to always being prepared so you can take action if necessary rather than a warning about danger. It's a suggestion to avoid missing out on a great opportunity because you didn't consider all possibilities.
Origin of the expression
English general and statesman Oliver Cromwell is credited with creating the expression. The story goes that Cromwell was talking to his army during his campaign in Ireland. He warned them about keeping their gunpowder dry as they were about to cross a river before a battle. So, as a mix of warning and inspiration, he told his soldiers to 'Trust in God and keep your powder dry'.
About two hundred years later, British Army officer William Blacker used the entire phrase in his poem Oliver's Advice and made it famous. Over the years, the second half of the sentence has become commonplace on its own. It was even used as a movie title for a 1945 American drama film starring Lana Turner.
Financial applications
The concept of dry powder has made it into the financial world in the past few decades. It is mostly used to mean 'hold cash or liquid securities' in case a big opportunity opens up. When a company has cash reserves, it becomes easier to invest in a sudden opportunity, buy stocks or participate in a now-or-never deal.
Could you be rewarded for your everyday spending?
Rewards credit cards include schemes that reward you simply for using your credit card. When you spend money on a rewards card you could earn loyalty points, in-store vouchers airmiles, and more. MyWalletHero makes it easy for you to find a card that matches your spending habits so you can get the most value from your rewards.
Investopedia refers to 'dry powder' as cash reserves kept on hand for potential acquisitions, purchase of assets or payment of obligations (like tax). Highly liquid securities are also cash-like. These include short-term investments, money market accounts and instruments that you can sell quickly for emergency funding.
While cash reserves are especially important for venture capitalists and corporate environments, they also have a role in personal finance.
Holding some of your personal net worth in cash means you will have money available for both opportunities and emergencies. A threeto six-month emergency fund is an example of this.
Examples of liquid assets
Thinking about keeping your own powder dry? There are different ways to keep money easily accessible. Keeping money in a savings account is the easiest way to have liquid assets available. While interest rates are low, you can still find a savings account that offers a decent return on your deposit.
Stocks and shares are also good examples of liquid assets. You can buy and sell in the stock market at any time and access the funds within a few days.
If you have a business, your accounts receivable (money your customers owe you) is also a liquid asset. Of course, how soon you have access to it depends on how quickly your customers pay you.
Are you making these 3 common investing mistakes?
These all-too-common investing errors can cause you to miss out on the long-term wealth-building power that shares can hold….
To help you side-step these pitfalls, and move forward on your path to wealth-building, we've created a free report, "The 3 Worst Mistakes New Investors Make".
Just enter you best email below for instant access to your free copy.
By checking this box and submitting your email address, you agree to MyWalletHero sending you emails with money tips, along with details of products and services that we think might interest you. You can unsubscribe from future emails at any time. You also consent to us processing your personal data in line with our privacy policy, and our cookie statement. For more information, including how we collect, store, and handle personal data, please read our Privacy Statement and Terms & Conditions.


text:
The South Shore East Trail has another hurdle to clear.
The trail has been partially funded through a grant obtained by the village. The grant, however, requires the trail connect the village to Lion's Community Park, which means a pedestrian bridge has to be built over a feeder creek between the village and the park.
A couple of months ago, village officials came to the conclusion it would be more cost effective to connect the village with Lion's Community Park by using an existing stone archway over a narrower part of the creek. Using the existing bridge would also reduce the chances of damaging wetlands along the river.
The village hired QPK to assess the soundness of the bridge. According to Baldwinsville Highway Superintendent Claude Sykes, QPK determined the stone arch was not worth saving or reconstructing. Instead, QPK plans to span the bridge with another bridge and use piles for support. Sykes also said the trail would require construction of another bridge over a washed out area in the right of way.
Trustee Joe Saraceni confirmed saying, "There is a section of 70 feet that is missing."
The village still needs permission from National Grid to use the right of way. The estimated cost for both bridges was $120,000.
Other Boards in brief
Students may design village property
The village may have the opportunity to utilize 24 interior design students to design a plan for the old Harrington Firehouse and surrounding area.
According to Trustee Joe Saraceni, Peter Crissey of Crissey Architectural Group teaches a course at Syracuse University at the School of Interior Design. Crissey offered to have each student create a plan as part of a class project. The project would be free of cost for the village and would provide 24 different concepts of the area.
If the village decides to take the offer, Saraceni said Crissey's class next semester would tackle the project with results sometime in late January.
Planning board vacancy filled
Robin Augello was appointed by Mayor Dan O'Hara to fill a Baldwinsville planning board vacancy. Augello also serves as a member of the Architectural Review Board for the village.
For more Baldwinsville news, check out the Baldwinsville Messenger.


text:
I've read that July of 1916 was the sunniest month ever recorded in Chicago, logging 95 percent of possible sunshine. Did the sunshine recorders in use then follow use today's standards?
--George Ballas, Morton Grove
Retired Chicago weather observer Paul Kubecka found that the instrument for measuring solar irradiance in 1916, the Maring-Marvin sunshine recorder (in use in Chicago until 1953) was less sensitive than today's version. It required.37 langleys to initiate the recording of sunshine compared with to the current World Meteorological Organization standard of.17 langleys. It also had a slower response time, taking up to 10 minutes before beginning to log sunshine at sunrise and sunset and during passing cloudy intervals. If weather conditions were identical, today's instrument would have recorded a higher sunshine percentage than the 1916 version.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
What is a Bilateral Condition?
A bilateral condition is a disease or condition that affects both sides of the body. Examples of a bilateral condition include hip dysplasia or luxating patellas, where both hips or kneecaps are affected. Often, the condition starts with one side of the body and will later develop on the other side of the body.
How Bilateral Conditions Work
Bilateral conditions can be considered a pre-existing condition with many pet insurance plans and providers. For example, if your pet had hip dysplasia on the left side of their body before they were insured, it may be considered a pre-existing condition if they develop hip dysplasia on their right side, even though their right side was unaffected when they started the policy.
If your pet has any conditions prior to signing up for pet insurance, it's important that you look into whether they would be considered bilateral conditions and if your pet would be covered under the pet insurance plan you choose.
- Bilateral conditions are diseases and conditions that have a high rate of affecting both sides of the body.
- Some pet insurance plans will not cover bilateral conditions if the bilateral condition had already affected one side of the body before your pet was insured.


text:
The Nutcracker and The Mouse King This carefully crafted ebook: "The Nutcracker and The Mouse King" is formatted for your eReader with a functional and detailed table of contents.
The Nutcracker and the Mouse King (German: Nussknacker und Mausekönig) is a story written in 1816 by E. T. A. Hoffmann in which young Marie Stahlbaum's favorite Christmas toy, the Nutcracker, comes alive and, after defeating the evil Mouse King in battle, whisks her away to a magical kingdom populated by dolls.
Wonders upon Wonders
The Story of the Hard Nut
The Story of the Hard Nut Continued
Conclusion of the Story of the Hard Nut
The Uncle and Nephew
The Puppet Kingdom
E.T.A. Hoffmann, original name Ernst Theodor Wilhelm Hoffmann (1776 — 1822), German writer, composer, and painter known for his stories in which supernatural and sinister characters move in and out of men's lives, ironically revealing tragic or grotesque sides of human nature.


text:
|This article does not cite any references or sources. (January 2012)|
Hastings Rashdall (1858–1924) was an English philosopher who expounded a theory known as ideal utilitarianism.
Son of an Anglican priest, he was educated at Harrow and received a scholarship for New College, Oxford. After short tenures at St David's University College and University College, Durham, Rashdall was made a Fellow of New College, Oxford, and dedicates his main work, The Theory of Good and Evil, to the memory of his teachers Thomas Hill Green and Henry Sidgwick.
The dedication is appropriate, for the particular version of utilitarianism put forward by Rashdall owes elements to both Green and Sidgwick. Whereas he holds that the concepts of good and value are logically prior to that of right, he gives right a more than instrumental significance. His idea of good owes more to Green than to the hedonistic utilitarians. "The ideal of human life is not the mere juxtaposition of distinct goods, but a whole in which each good is made different by the presence of others." Rashdall has been eclipsed as a moral philosopher by G. E. Moore, who advocated similar views in his earlier work Principia Ethica.
His historical study, The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages, was described in the introduction to its recent reprinting as "one of the first comparative works on the subject" whose "scope and breadth has assured its place as a key work in intellectual history."
He was president of the Aristotelian Society from 1904 to 1907, a member of the Christian Social Union from its inception in 1890, and was an influential Anglican modernist theologian of the time, being appointed to a canonry in 1909. Rashdall was also a Berkeleyan, believing in metaphysical idealism.
He was Dean of Carlisle from 1917 to 1924.
"Happiness represents satisfaction with one's existence as a whole."
Selected works
|Wikisource has original works written by or about:
- Rashdall, Hastings (2010). The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages, 2 vols. in 3 parts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [orig. Oxford: Clarendon Press]. ISBN 978-1-108-01813-5.
- Doctrine and Development: University Sermons (1898)
- Christus in Ecclesia: Sermons on the Church and its Institutions (1904)
- The Theory of Good and Evil (1907)
- Ethics (undated)
- Philosophy and Religion (1910)
- Is Conscience an Emotion? Three Lectures on recent ethical theories (1914)
- Conscience and Christ: Six Lectures on Christian Ethics (1916)
- The Idea of Atonement in Christian Theology (London: Macmillan, 1919)
- The Moral Argument for Personal Immortality in King's College Lectures on Immortality (1920)
- God and Man 1930
|This biography of a British philosopher is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


NewList Method
Description
Creates a list of objects according to the specified filter.
Syntax
Visual Basic
Public Function NewList( _
 ByVal Filter As String _
) As List
Parameters
Filter
A TDFilter.Text defining the criteria for filtering items in the factory. If an empty string is passed, the returned list contains all the child items of the current factory object.
Remarks
Lists created with factory NewList calls are cached for several seconds. If your application is expected to change the contents of the list, instruct the server to refresh the data by passing [force_refresh] as the leading characters of the filter.
See Also


Aucun résultat pour la recherche
The tikz-external solution
You can use the tikz external library to cache tikz drawings:
Note that the \tikzexternalize command must be given in the main.tex file of the project, for tikz-externalization to work on Overleaf.
You will then need to create a tikz folder in your project. For this to work on Overleaf, the folder you create needs to have a (dummy) file in it—for example, you can add a blank foo.txt file in the tikz folder.
As the externalised tikz PDFs are considered as output files, you will not see them show up in the file list, but they are indeed present within the project. You can view the list of generated files to see them.
Some commands from other packages may cause errors in externalization mode; for example, \includepdf from the pdfpages. To get around this, you will need to "optimise" such commands away:
\tikzexternalize[prefix=tikz/,optimize command away=\includepdf]
There are too many of them!
However, if your drawings are too complex and there are too many of them, you will still get a timeout the first time the externalised files are generated. Building your project incrementally (by commenting different chunks of your project) may help, but bear in mind that all generated files are garbage collected at fixed intervals on the servers. Your project may then fail to compile when you next log in, and you'd have to re-generate them all incrementally again.
Generating the drawings locally
As a workaround, you can generate the files on a local machine first, by downloading your project and compiling it on your own local machine. After the compile completes, you should see the tikz folder containing.pdf,.md5,.dpth and.dpth files for each of your tikz drawings. If you then upload these files to your Overleaf project's tikz folder, your project will then use these files directly, and compilation should be fairly fast. These files won't be deleted by the server, as uploaded file are never garbage-collected.
A caveat: if you change your tikz code in future, you may have to delete the corresponding files in the tikz folder first, so that Overleaf can generate and use a new version. Alternatively, you can re-generate the files on your machine, and re-upload them to Overleaf. Remember that you need to replace all the.pdf,.md5,.dep and.dpth for that particular tikz drawing. On Overleaf v2, these files must be prefixed with output, instead of the filename of your.tex.
Generating the drawings in a separate project
Alternatively you can create a separate project that just contains the figure(s), you can include the output of the figure in your original project by clicking on the "Upload files" icon above the file list panel, and then choosing From another project. Select the project containing the tikz drawings, and then the select from output files option.
That way, you only have to compile the complicated figure once, and then you can include the resulting pdf as a normal figure with \includegraphics[page=1]{drawings.pdf} in your main project.
The separate project containing the tikz drawings can use the standalone or preview package, to produce output PDFs that are tightly cropped.
Here's some sample code using the standalone package:
And here's some sample code using the preview package:
Overleaf guides
LaTeX Basics
Figures and tables
References and Citations
Document structure
Field specific
Class files
Advanced TeX/LaTeX


text: Since the time of Augustine, the pneuma (i.e., Spirit) of God has often been assumed to be a non-corporeal substance. However, an influx of more recent studies have begun to explore the corporeal dimensions of God as discussed in earliest Christianity. In particular, scholars such as Troels Engberg-Pedersen, Dale Martin, and Troy Martin have paved the way in Pauline Studies for understanding pneuma as a physiological, corporeal substance, instead of viewing it primarily as a metaphor. In 2014, I published an article reinforcing these concepts by connecting pneuma with "Abraham's Seed" (Galatians 3:29) through a physiological explanation. In this presentation, I will further test the hypothesis of a corporeal pneuma by examining the concept of "Abraham's Seed" within several early church writings to see whether or not any traces of this corporeal concept of pneuma can be detected.


Skip to content
master
Switch branches/tags
Code
Latest commit

Git stats
Files
Permalink
Failed to load latest commit information.
Type
Name
Latest commit message
Commit time

src

A Python module to customize the process title
Tests
author:Daniele Varrazzo
The setproctitle module allows a process to change its title (as displayed by system tools such as ps and top).
Changing the title is mostly useful in multi-process systems, for example when a master process is forked: changing the children's title allows to identify the task each process is busy with. The technique is used by PostgreSQL and the OpenSSH Server for example.
The procedure is hardly portable across different systems. PostgreSQL provides a good multi-platform implementation: this module is a Python wrapper around PostgreSQL code.
Installation
setproctitle is a C extension: in order to build it you will need a C compiler and the Python development support (the python-dev or python3-dev package in most Linux distributions). No further external dependencies are required.
You can use pip to install the module:
pip install setproctitle
You can use pip -t or virtualenv for local installations, sudo pip for a system-wide one... the usual stuff. Read pip or virtualenv docs for all the details.
Usage
Note
You should import and use the module (even just calling getproctitle()) pretty early in your program lifetime: code writing env vars may interfere with the module initialisation.
The setproctitle module exports the following functions:
setproctitle(title)
Set title as the title for the current process.
getproctitle()
Return the current process title.
The process title is usually visible in files such as /proc/PID/cmdline, /proc/PID/status, /proc/PID/comm, depending on the operating system and kernel version. These information are used by user-space tools such as ps and top.
setthreadtitle(title)
Set title as the title for the current thread.
getthreadtitle()
Get the current thread title.
The thread title is exposed by some operating systems as the file /proc/PID/task/TID/comm, which is used by certain tools such as htop.
Environment variables
A few environment variables can be used to customize the module behavior:
SPT_NOENV
Avoid clobbering /proc/PID/environ.
On many platforms, setting the process title will clobber the environ memory area. os.environ will work as expected from within the Python process, but the content of the file /proc/PID/environ will be overwritten. If you require this file not to be broken you can set the SPT_NOENV environment variable to any non-empty value: in this case the maximum length for the title will be limited to the length of the command line.
SPT_DEBUG
Print debug information on stderr.
If the module doesn't work as expected you can set this variable to a non-empty value to generate information useful for debugging. Note that the most useful information is printed when the module is imported, not when the functions are called.
Module status
The module can be currently compiled and effectively used on the following platforms:
 - GNU/Linux
 - BSD
 - MacOS X
 - Windows
Note that on Windows there is no way to change the process string: what the module does is to create a Named Object whose value can be read using a tool such as Process Explorer (contribution of a more useful tool to be used together with setproctitle would be well accepted).
The module can probably work on HP-UX, but I haven't found any to test with. It is unlikely that it can work on Solaris instead.
About
A Python module to customize the process title
Resources
License
Stars
Watchers
Forks
Packages
No packages published


umbrella tree
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
English[edit]
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
Noun[edit]
umbrella tree (plural umbrella trees)
 1. Magnolia tripetala, the umbrella magnolia.
 2. Musanga cecropioides, the African corkwood.
 3. Polyscias murrayi, an Australian rainforest tree.
 4. Schefflera actinophylla, the octopus tree.
 5. Terminalia catappa, the Indian almond.
 6. Vachellia tortilis, the umbrella thorn.
 - 1998, Stuart A. Altmann, "Dietary Diversity", in Foraging for Survival: Yearling Baboons in Africa, Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 76:
 Virtually all the trees in the home range of the baboons are acacias of just two species: the fever tree, Acacia xanthophloea (18.4% of feeding bouts), and, on somewhat higher, drier ground, the umbrella tree, A. tortilis (5.0%).


Understanding Conversion Disorder And Hysterical Blindness As Seen In Kriti Garg's Raahu
In Subbu Veddula's Raahu, the protagonist played by Kriti Garg suffers from conversion disorder. We dug deeper to know about it.
A still from Raahu trailer
Debutant director Subbu Veddula's thriller film, Raahu features Kriti Garg and Aberaam Varma. The film incorporates many concepts that we are familiar with, like an eclipse. He also incorporates newer ideas like conversion disorder and hysterical blindness into the plot seamlessly. The protagonist of the film finds out that her stress levels escalate upon seeing blood. And this escalation causes her to become temporarily blind. Let's dig a little deeper into this phenomenon.
Watch the trailer of Raahu here:
Conversion disorder is a border term which acts as an umbrella for several conditions. These conditions include hysterical blindness, paralysis, seizures, hallucination, etc. What sets them apart from the regular medical conditions is the fact that they occur without permanent damage to our nervous system. These events occur in a fraction, and then our body quickly slips into its normalcy again. Which is why Bhanu could recover from her blindness in a few moments.
A Still from Raahu Trailer
Bhanu in Raahu
Despite being advanced with our technologies, there has been no concrete reason or cause behind conversion disorder. Some believe that these events are the body's way of suppressing physical or psychological stressors. And others also feel that these events occur from a trigger of the same physical or psychological stressors. While it may sound scary, it is proven that no single gene is responsible for such behaviour. And is not inheritable.
Bhanu in Raahu
Bhanu in Raahu
Counselling, psychotherapy, hypnosis, physical therapy, occupational therapy are some of the more common ways to treat conversion disorder. The symptoms can be noticed in people as early as their adolescent stages. So, you might want to track your patterns and stay safe.
You can watch the full film on ZEE5, streaming now.


0
I am working on a program that uses both OpenCV and GDAL to perform different tasks. OpenCV stores its images as numpy arrays. I would like to be able to go directly from this numpy array to a dataset object without having to save the image to the file system and then reopen it again in GDAL. Right now, I have to do this for each image:
import cv2
import numpy as np
from osgeo import gdal
img = cv2.imread("image.png", flags=-1)
# modify the image
cv2.imwrite("output.png", img)
ds = gdal.Open("output.png")
# do stuff with GDAL
The issue is that the cv2.imwrite step is very time consuming, especially since I'm doing it for a lot of images.
My question is this: is there a way to get a dataset from a numpy array directly?
Something like this:
import cv2
import numpy as np
from osgeo import gdal
img = cv2.imread("image.png", flags=-1)
# modify the image
ds = gdal.datasetFromArray(img)
# do stuff with GDAL
 - A lot of this depends on what you understand as "do stuff with GDAL". Are you reprojecting the data or something similar? You you can create a GDAL dataset, do your manipulations and in the end write the array into it. See for instance: gis.stackexchange.com/questions/37238/… – Kersten Sep 20 '17 at 7:22
2
You could use the gdal_array.OpenArray() function, where ds is a GDAL dataset:
import cv2
import numpy as np
from osgeo import gdal
from osgeo import gdal_array
img = cv2.imread("image.png", flags=-1)
# modify the image
ds = gdal_array.OpenArray(img)
Your Answer
By clicking "Post Your Answer", you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question.


text:
As someone who loves oranges, I often wonder whether it is safe to eat oranges with brown spots. Brown spots on oranges can be caused by various factors, including fungal infections, insect damage, and bruises. While these spots may not look appealing, are they safe to eat?
The answer is generally yes. Brown spots on oranges are not harmful and do not affect the taste or nutritional value of the fruit. However, it is important to note that if the spots are accompanied by mould or a foul odour, the orange should be discarded. Additionally, if the orange feels overly soft or mushy when squeezed, it may be overripe and should also be avoided.
Brown Spots on Oranges: What They Are and What Causes Them
What are the Brown Spots on Oranges?
Brown spots on oranges are a common sight, and they can appear on the skin or inside the fruit. These spots can vary in size and shape, and they may be raised or flat. While they may look unappetising, brown spots on oranges are usually safe to eat.
Causes of Brown Spots on Oranges
Brown spots on oranges can be caused by a variety of factors. One of the most common causes is a fungal disease called citrus scab. This disease causes brown or black spots to appear on the skin of the fruit. Another common cause of brown spots on oranges is damage from citrus rust mites. These tiny pests feed on the skin of the fruit, leaving behind brown or black spots.
In some cases, brown spots on oranges may be caused by a bacterial infection known as black spot disease. This infection can cause dark spots to appear on the skin or inside the fruit. However, this type of infection is less common than fungal diseases or damage from pests.
Other Types of Spots on Oranges
In addition to brown spots, oranges may also develop other types of spots. For example, black or brown spots on oranges may be caused by fungal infections such as Alternaria rot or blue and green mould. Dark spots inside oranges may be a sign of decay or spoilage.
It is important to note that while these spots may look unappetising, they are usually safe to eat. However, if you notice any signs of mould or a foul odour, it is best to discard the fruit.
In conclusion, brown spots on oranges are usually safe to eat and can be caused by a variety of factors, including fungal diseases, pest damage, and bacterial infections. While they may not look appetising, these spots are generally harmless and do not affect the quality or taste of the fruit.
Can You Eat Oranges with Brown Spots?
Safety of Eating Oranges with Brown Spots
Brown spots on oranges are usually caused by a fungal infection, such as Alternaria rot or brown rot. While these spots may not look appetising, they are generally safe to eat. The fruit inside the orange is usually unaffected by the fungus, so you can simply cut off the affected areas and enjoy the rest of the fruit.
However, it is important to note that if the brown spots on the orange are accompanied by a foul smell or a slimy texture, then the fruit has likely gone bad and should be discarded.
When to Discard Oranges
If the brown spots on the orange are accompanied by a foul smell or a slimy texture, then the fruit has likely gone bad and should be discarded. Additionally, if the orange is mushy or leaking juice, it is also a sign that the fruit has gone bad and should not be consumed.
Treating Black Spots on Oranges
If you notice black spots on your oranges, it could be a sign of citrus black spot, which is a fungal disease that affects citrus fruits. To treat black spots on oranges, you can try the following:
- Remove any affected fruit from the tree and dispose of it properly.
- Keep the area around the tree clean and free of fallen leaves and fruit.
- Apply a fungicide spray to the tree according to the manufacturer's instructions.
By taking these steps, you can help prevent the spread of citrus black spot and keep your oranges healthy and safe to eat.
In conclusion, while brown spots on oranges may not look appetising, they are generally safe to eat as long as they are not accompanied by a foul smell or slimy texture. If you notice black spots on your oranges, it could be a sign of citrus black spot, which can be treated with proper care and attention.
Other Orange Related Questions
Many people wonder whether they should refrigerate oranges or not. The answer is that it depends on the ripeness of the fruit. If the oranges are already ripe, it's best to store them in the fridge to prolong their shelf life. However, if they are not yet ripe, it's better to keep them at room temperature until they are ready to eat.
Mould on Oranges
If you notice mould on your oranges, it's best to discard them. Mould can be harmful to your health, especially if you have a weakened immune system. Mouldy oranges may also have a strange, unpleasant smell. If you're not sure if your oranges are mouldy or not, it's best to err on the side of caution and throw them away.
Avoiding Bruised Fruit
When selecting oranges, it's important to avoid fruit that is bruised or damaged. This can be a sign that the fruit is overripe or has been mishandled, which can lead to a shorter shelf life and potentially harmful bacteria growth. Look for oranges that are firm and free of any visible damage.
In summary, it's important to properly store your oranges to ensure they stay fresh and safe to eat. If you notice any mold or damage to the fruit, it's best to discard it to avoid any potential health risks. By following these tips, you can enjoy delicious, healthy oranges all year round.


text:
Referencing Files in a Workbook
You can refer to the contents of data and Maple code files added to your workbook using Maple Workbook URIs.
Using a Workbook URI to Refer to Workbook Files
Workbook URI Syntax
The Workbook URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) is used to represent the identity and location of files within a Maple workbook or files residing inside another workbook in a given file directory.
A URI would look like this:
Using the URI mentioned above as an example,
The substring, "this://" identifies this URI as a reference to the current open workbook.
The third slash represents the root directory of the Maple workbook.
Finally, "MyCode.mpl" represents the Maple code file located in the root directory of the current workbook.
In general, the URI syntax is "this:////".
Referencing Files in Another Workbook
While URIs of the form "this:////" are used to represent files within a workbook, it is also possible to reference files contained in other workbooks.
The syntax for such a URI is:
"maple:////"
Creating a Workbook URI on Windows
The file separator on a Windows operating system is backslash "\". However, the backslash is also an escape character. So in order to use the backslash as a file separator, a second backslash is required.
A example of a workbook URI on Windows would be:
Creating a Workbook URI on Linux or Mac OS X
The forward slash "/" character is the valid file separator on Linux or Mac OS X.
An example of a workbook URI on Linux or Mac OS X would be:
Linking to a Workbook Attachment
Download Help Document
What kind of issue would you like to report? (Optional)


back to blog
Why is My Light Switch Hot?
If one or more of the light switches in your home are warm or hot to the touch, it's usually a sign there's too much electrical power running through it. There are several reasons why this happens.
When a Light Switch Feels Warm
One of the most common electrical questions we get asked is if it's normal for a light switch to feel warm.
It's perfectly normal for light switches, particularly dimmers, to feel a little warm when the lights are on. The warmth you feel comes from an electrical component called the triac (triode for alternating current) which varies the amount of electricity that passes through to the light fixture. If the dimmer switch is dedicated to a single bulb, or a load of 100 watts or so, you might feel a little heat. Once the load gets above 300 watts, though, it's not unusual for the heat to be more noticeable.
When a Light Switch is Hot
If a light switch is too hot to touch, it's likely a more serious problem. The top three reasons this happens are:
 - The switch is overloaded. Just like wall outlets, light switches are limited in how much power they can handle. Different switches are rated for different power levels and if the switch is overloaded there's a serious risk of fire. The switch should be replaced with one that's designed to handle the amps a fixture requires.
 - The switch is failing. Light switches wear out and when this happens small sparks on the electrical contacts are emitted when the light is turned on or off. Over time, the contacts don't meet properly and electricity flows more freely, creating heat. This, too, is a fire hazard.
 - Faulty or improper wire installation. Even if the wiring was professionally installed, it can become loose or broken due to age. These bad connections can then cause the wiring to spark and generate heat. They can also bottleneck the current flow, which also gives off heat. Faulty wiring should always be replaced by an experienced, licensed electrician.
When to Call For Help
There are electrical problems you can usually fix yourself but, as electrical work can be dangerous, it's almost always recommended to call in a professional. Along with a hot light switch, it's a good idea to call in the pros if:
 - The lights dim when using a major appliance or when the HVAC unit goes on.
 - One socket of an electrical outlet's not working.
 - A light switch doesn't solidly connect in the on or off position.
 - You have an old "fuse" system in your home.
A qualified electrician will also check to make sure your home's electrical panel is able to safely handle powering everything in your home.
Hot light switches in your Jacksonville home can usually be easily and quickly fixed, but you should never ignore the problem as it could indicate a bigger electrical issue. To learn more or to schedule a home electrical inspection, contact one of the qualified and skilled electricians at David Gray Electrical Services today. You can also call us at _PHONE_.
SCHEDULE SERVICE With Our Professionals
Serving Florida's First Coast!


text:
Texas Dust Storms
The same weather system that brought snow and ice to the American Midwest just after Thanksgiving 2005 also kicked up significant dust in western Texas and eastern Mexico. The winds associated with this cold front also fanned the flames of grass fires in the region, adding smoke to the mixture of aerosols. The most obvious dust cloud is a pale beige dust plume swirling through Texas and Mexico. However, a second, more orange-colored cloud of dust blows across northern Texas. Parts of northern Texas saw wind speeds around 60 miles per hour. Resulting dust storms reduced visibility to just 2.5 miles in some areas, and swamped local fire departments with calls regarding both fires and downed power lines.
Image Credit: NASA/GSFC/MODIS Land Rapid Response Team/Jeff Schmaltz


text:
Aaron and Andrew Harrison, James Young Officially Enrolled at Kentucky
Fans in Lexington can breathe a bit easier today, as the three missing McDonald's All-Americans — James Young and the Harrison twins, Andrew and Aaron — have officially enrolled in classes at Kentucky.
What is the duplicate article?
Why is this article offensive?
Where is this article plagiarized from?
Why is this article poorly edited?


text:
I saw mention of a 'dish' hold, and cannot figure out what this means exactly from Google searches. There are many sites selling dish holds like this one, but I don't understand what 'dish' means from the pictures. Plates? Something to do with their flatness?
"Dish holds" are holds that are (in relation to their total size) rather flat.
That seems to be their defining property - they can be round, have pockets, edges or other interesting features on them, but the one thing they have in common is their flat shape. This is in contrast to e.g. large jugs or slopers etc. which stick out more from the wall.
From my experience, a dish hold is one containing a smooth, shallow concave indentation, generally looking like the shape of a bowl or dish. I think it would fall under the sloper category, although slopers include both smooth concave and convex surfaces.
Below are some examples:
The indentation on the right would be considered a dish hold.
Another example of a dish hold.


text:
Sociocultural values related to salmon and herring and their linkages to fisheries governance are explored in a comparative study. The aim is to understand why and how salmon and herring are important for different stakeholder groups, and to investigate how these values could inform the development of governance practices that are both sustainable and legitimate.
The cultural importance of Baltic salmon is strong in the Baltic Sea region, especially in its Northern parts. Salmon fishing is a constant topic of political debates, and public spending is targeted to salmon habitat restoration. By contrast, the value of Baltic herring seems to be mostly economic. Human consumption of herring has decreased especially in the Northern parts of the Baltic Sea, but it still has more nutritional importance in the Eastern parts. In BONUS GOHERR project, the social and cultural values affecting these trends will be identified and compared by interviewing stakeholders from Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Estonia. Further, possibilities to take these values into account in the development of ecosystem-based governance will be examined. Also the political, legal and organizational prerequisites for integrated governance will be assessed.
1. Understand the sociocultural value and use of Baltic salmon and herring;
2. Apply these understandings to assess the political prerequisites for successful integrated fisheries governance; and
3. Explicate what kind of institutional and attitudinal flexibility is needed for integrated governance.
More information in Workspace.


text: Because switched system with nonlinear subsystems shows great difficulties in controller design by conventional methodologies, the fuzzy logic theory, which has been proven to be a practical and effective way to deal with the analysis and synthesis problems for complex nonlinear systems, is applied to design a class of hybrid fuzzy controller for switched discrete-time fuzzy system in this paper. On a basis of one step prediction of switching signal, a hybrid parallel distributed compensation (PDC) control strategy is proposed, which includes two necessary parts: the state feedback controllers for subsystems and the update feedback controllers for switching instants. In both arbitrary and dwell-time switching cases investigated, it is proved that the hybrid PDC controller contains less conservativeness than conventional switched PDC controller. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Related topics
New graphics engine imperils users of Firefox and Chrome
Disable WebGL now, researchers warn
The US Computer Emergency Readiness Team is advising users of the Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome browsers to disable a recently added graphics engine that can be exploited to steal data or crash end user computers.
The web standard known as WebGL opens the browsers to serious attacks, including the theft of images or denial-of-service attacks, independent research consultancy Context Information Security recently warned. The technology made its debut in version 9 of Chrome and was added to the recently released Firefox 4. WebGL is also present in builds of Opera and Apple's Safari.
"Based on this limited research Context does not believe WebGL is really ready for mass usage," Context researcher James Forshaw wrote. "Therefore Context recommends that users and corporate IT managers consider disabling WebGL in their browsers.
The technology is designed to render web-based 3D graphics by allowing the browser to have greater access to a computer's graphics hardware. Until now, the security of graphics gear hasn't been much of a concern, but the wide availability of WebGL should change that. Malicious web masters could exploit inherent weaknesses in the standard to cause computers to display the infamous blue screen of death or steal potentially sensitive data.
A Google spokesman didn't address the claims in the Context report head on, but did offer the following:
Many parts of the WebGL stack, including the GPU process, run in separate processes and are sandboxed in Chrome to help prevent various kinds of attacks. To help ward off lower level attacks, we work with hardware, OS, and driver vendors to proactively disable unsafe system configurations and help them improve the robustness of their stack.
I'd also point out that Chrome doesn't run on some system configurations if lower level stack issues are identified. This is a key intermediate step to help protect Chrome users.
The spokesman didn't say if these measures are enough to prevent the Webgl vulnerabilities described by Context from being exploited in Chrome.
A spokesman for the Khronos Group, which maintains the WebGL standard, similarly didn't address the Context report directly in an email to The Register. Instead, he referred to an official statement that said the graphics engine comes with an extension "specifically designed to prevent denial of service and out-of-range memory access attacks from WebGL content."
The extension, known as GL_ARB_robustness, "has already been deployed by some GPU vendors and Khronos expects it to be deployed rapidly by others," the statement continued. "Browsers can check for the presence of this extension before enabling WebGL content. This is likely to become the deployment mode for WebGL in the near future."
The statement didn't name the GPU manufacturers or say what percentage of shipping GPUs make use of the measure.
On Tuesday, members of the US-CERT echoed the advice that WebGL be disabled. So far, neither Context nor CERT has given instructions for turning off the standard in various browsers.
In Firefox 4, type "about:config" (minus the quotes) into the address bar and set webgl.disabled to true. In Chrome, get to the command line of your operating system and add the --disable-webgl flag to the Chrome command. On a Windows machine, the command line would be "chrome.exe --disable-webgl". ®
This article was updated to include comment from The Khronos Group. It was later updated to correct the types of attacks Context said WebGL is susceptible to. The report doesn't include the possibility of code-execution attacks, as incorrectly reported earlier.
Sponsored: Hyper-scale data management


text:
Example of Report Text: Football Game
English Admin – Learning English Online. Today we give you an example of report text. It is about a famous game in the world. Yes this report text is about football game. What does a football game look like? Don't stop reading! Because the the game of football is described in simple and clear way to show how a report text in English is.
A report text can be very similar to a descriptive text. However, they can be distinguished easily from the object which is discussed. A report text commonly describes things in general while descriptive text tends to explain the characterization of a specific thing. Bellow are some other sources to learn a report text in English
- What is Report Text?
- 10 Contoh Report Text Bahasa Inggris Berbagai Topik
- 11 Contoh Report Text bahasa Inggris
Some important sources above can help you understand a report text. However understanding a text does not only read the sample essay but also analyzing the text. That we have to do when learning reading comprehension. So continue to read and analyze the sample below!
Football is a game played by two teams of eleven. They try to score by kicking or heading the ball into the other team's goal. Ten of the players can not use their hands. The goal keeper can handle the ball to stop it going into the goal.
Games similar to football have been played for many centuries. The rules of the games were written down in 1863. In England, the FA ( Football Association ) cup was first played for in 1872. In the same year, England played Scotland in the first game.
Today the most important International Competition is the World Cup which takes place in every four years. Brazil and Italy have each won the world cup three times.
This sample of report text about football play is taken from: report-text.blogspot.com/2009/06/football_02.html
Analyzing Generic Structure of Report Text about Football Play
Most report text sample is organized by the writer though the 2 important elements. They are
1. General Classification: Showing general participants stated in the first paragraph
Football is a game played by two teams of eleven.
2. Descriptions: Showing feature and detail information on how is the thing like
Games similar to football have been played for many centuries.
Today the most important International Competition is the World Cup which takes place in every four years.
Have you got idea why that short essay about football game is classified as an example of report text in English? Absolutely right if you answer based on the elements of generic structure. Hopefully it help you learning English.


text:
In support of National Slavery and Human Trafficking Prevention Month, the Media-Upper Providence Public Library is sponsoring an action-packed event to spread further awareness on the issues surrounding human trafficking.
The event, titled "Facing the Monster: Slavery Then and Now," is taking place right here, in our home town of Media, PA, on Wednesday, January 30th, 2013.
The program will involve a series of diverse segments including:
- A short presentation on the stories of runaway slaves in the 1800s as well as in the present; Dr. Sam Lemon and Carol Metzker will also speak on the various actions taken to battle trafficking
- A book signing with the author of Facing the Monster: How One Person Can Fight Child Slavery, Carol Metzker
- Five information tables with representatives from the Delaware County Coalition Against Human Trafficking, the Media Fair Trade Committee & Brandywine Penn State Trailblazers, the Delco WAR and Domestic Abuse Project, CASA, and Dawn's Place
- A vibrant discussion about slavery in modern society and methods that can be employed to eliminate trafficking
Contributed by Labanya Mookerjee, Fair Trade Intern


text:
Donation funds organic garden at Seaside Day Camp
The city of Encinitas Parks and Recreation Department received a $1,500 donation from Healthy Day Partners to fund the initial start-up for an organic garden as part of the Seaside Day Camp. The goal of this project is to create a small organic garden at Glen Park Scout House to educate day camp students about urban agriculture, nutritional sciences and the benefits of eating farm-to-fork. The garden will also eventually provide fresh organic edibles for camp snacks that the students themselves helped grow.
The donation provided by Healthy Day Partners, a local nonprofit that supports programs that engage students through school gardens, wellness and environmental education, is being used to fund the initial start-up of the small garden. The donation was used to cover the costs of garden planter boxes, organic soil, seeds and starter plants. Healthy Day Partners hosted an educational session at the camp on June 22 and taught campers how to plant organic plants and keep the garden healthy. Campers were able to get their hands into the soil, dig holes and place the individual plants in them. Glen Park is the City of Encinitas's first organically managed park.
"The community garden fits well with our community heritage and will be a great resource for the children of our community," said Jim O'Grady, Encinitas' interium director of parks and recreation. "We know children learn most when they're engaged and having fun. Through hands-on interaction, the garden will allow the next generation of Encinitas residents to learn lifelong lessons about agriculture and the food they eat. We thank Healthy Day Partners for their support on this."
Healthy Day Partners was founded by Mim Michelove and Camille Sowinski to promote community health by assisting schools, school districts and the greater community with environmental and wellness education programs. These efforts include providing guidance on school gardens and farms; waste reduction best practices, composting efforts and resource conservation initiatives.
"Healthy Day Partners was created to provide our local schools and community with sustainable programs that help students and residents make informed, healthy lifestyle choices," said Healthy Day Partners' co-founder Mim Michelove. "Through our experiences at Ocean Knoll Elementary School's Farm and the Straight to the Plate program, we've seen how impactful agricultural and nutrition programs can be. We are thrilled to support the City's efforts to help educate the next generation about healthy food through this engaging community project."


text:
Can Dogs Have Hidden Valley Ranch?
Can Dogs Eat Ranch Dressing. The Straight answer is No. It's true, a small quantity of Ranch dressing is okay for dogs. But do not let your pooch to eat a large amount of ranch dressing as it contains some toxic ingredients which can brutally effect to your dog's health.
Is salad dressing bad for dogs?
This food product is not recommended and should be avoided. Salad dressings are often high in fats and/or sugars which is also not healthy for your dog. …
Can dogs eat lettuce and ranch?
Romaine lettuce, iceberg lettuce, and regular lettuce can be eaten by dogs, both raw and cooked. Dressings contain many ingredients that can harm your pooch, and salads in general (even dressing-free ones) might contain something your dog shouldn't be eating " like walnuts or onions.
What condiments can dogs eat?
5 Spices That Are Safe for Dogs to Eat
Is olive oil good for dogs?
Is olive oil good for dogs? It sure is! Extra virgin olive oil is an excellent source of monounsaturated fats, antioxidants, and omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids. That means the same olive oil that's good for you can be just as good for your furry friend.
Can dogs eat scrambled eggs with milk?
A scrambled egg won't cause your dog any serious harm, but there are better ways to serve eggs, which are quite healthy for dogs. Eggs are a great source of protein. They also contain essential fatty and amino acids. Eggs can even help settle a dog's upset stomach, and they can make a surprisingly good training treat.
Can I give my dog Pepto Bismol?
Pepto-Bismol Dosage For Dogs: The recommended dosage is 1 teaspoon for every 10 pounds, according to Dr. Klein. It can be offered to the dog every 6-to-8 hours, but if your dog still has diarrhea after a few doses, stop the medication and call your veterinarian.
Will a Tums hurt a dog?
How Is Tums Bad For Dogs? Usually, Tums causes only minimal side effects in dogs when taken infrequently if it causes any at all. However, the compounds in the drug may actually cause constipation or loose stools, which is the opposite effect you probably want it to have.
Begin typing your search term above and press enter to search. Press ESC to cancel.


exact method
Class: ImagesCheckSettingsPlatform: ImagesLanguage: Python SDK:
Sets the match level for this target to EXACT.
This match level is very sensative to differences in images. Do not use unless you have a very specific purpose.
Syntax
eyes.Check(Target.window().exact())
Parameters
This method does not take any parameters.
Return value
Type:
The value returned is the object that called the method. You can use it to call other methods supported by the object class.
Remarks
This method sets the default match level for this target. This overrides the hard-coded default and the default match level defined by using eyes$setmatchlevel.
For a given target you may call only one of the following methods that set a target default match level:
To set a match level for a one or more regions within a target use one of the following methods:
For a full description of the affect of each match levels and the different ways to apply them to tests, checkpoints and regions, How to use Eyes match levels.


Setting Your Gateway Heartbeat to 0 Minutes to Transmit Sensor Messages Immediately
Configuring your gateway to transmit sensor messages as soon as they are received
With default configuration, gateway Heartbeats are set to occur on a schedule. This means that gateways receive sensor communications on the sensor Heartbeats, and queue the readings for delivery to the Monnit software on the gateway Heartbeat. There is a manner by which this behavior can be change so that the gateway transmits sensor readings to the Monnit software as soon as it is received by the gateway.
Setting your gateway's Heartbeat to 0 minutes
Configuring your gateway's Heartbeat to 0 will implement the operation by which it transmits sensor readings to the Monnit software as soon as the reading is received at the gateway. This does not change the sensor behavior or Heartbeat Interval, but it does result in sensor readings being more quickly viewable in the Monnit software. While the default configuration for a gateway is to immediately transmit Aware State messages to the Monnit software as soon as the readings are received at the gateway, this configuration will make it so all sensor readings are immediately transmitted to the Monnit software immediately when they are received.
Data limit consideration
It is important to consider any applicable data limits when implementing this configuration. For example, if you are using a cellular gateway, the standard cellular plan provided by Monnit is 1 MB per month. Therefore if you implement this configuration on a gateway receiving data from multiple sensors, it can be very easy to exceed the 1 MB monthly data limit. This should be a major consideration if you have any sort of data limit to the gateway's data connection.
Default Heartbeat configurations for each gateway type
Note: It is worth noting that not all gateway types support a 0 heartbeat. If you find that the iMonnit UI does not allow you to set your gateway's heartbeat to 0, it is not supported by that gateway.
It is worth noting the default Heartbeat configuration for each gateway type listed below.
Ethernet Gateway: 5 minutes
4G LTE Cellular Gateway: 15 minutes
3G Cellular Gateway: 60 minutes
2G Cellular Gateway: 60 minutes
Wireless Sensor Adapter/USB Gateway: 5 minutes
Why this might be useful
This configuration can be useful if your installation requires you to see standard sensor readings and Aware State readings without the delay of waiting for a gateway check in. An example of where this might be useful is when operating with WebHooks. Since WebHooks are triggered by gateway communication, there can often be JSON from multiple sensor readings delivered on each WebHook. Some customers find that parsing this data can be more challenging when there are readings from multiple sensors. Therefore, configuring your gateway's Heartbeat to 0 will trigger a WebHook on each sensor check in, rather than including multiple sensor readings in one WebHook.
Note: while this is generally the behavior with a 0 minute gateway Heartbeat configuration, there can still be occasions where multiple sensor readings are transmitted in a gateway communication. Therefore it is important to plan for this in any code you write that parses the WebHooks.
Conclusion
In applications where retrieving all sensor data messages immediately when they are received by the gateway, this configuration can prove useful. If you have related inquiries, feel free to contact _EMAIL_ .


doing stats and not including hidden rows or columns
gallan
Board Regular
Joined
May 27, 2007
Messages
79
I have columns of data (marks on assessments) that filter in various ways. When I filter I simply hide the rows that do not match the filter key. Then I want do stats on the visible data, eg averages, Standard Deviations etc. However Excel seems to include the hidden rows when I this. Is there a way to get Excel to ignore hidden rows in its calculations?
I could just copy the data on the visible rows to another worksheet, do the stats there and then copy it back to the appropriate cells but if there is a built in method I would like to know.
Thanks

Excel Facts
Which lookup functions find a value equal or greater than the lookup value?
MATCH uses -1 to find larger value (lookup table must be sorted ZA). XLOOKUP uses 1 to find values greater and does not need to be sorted.
Damon Ostrander
MrExcel MVP
Joined
Feb 17, 2002
Messages
4,239
Hi Gary,
Here is a way to make most Excel worksheet functions look at just the visible cells in a range. I make use of a user-defined function I call Vis(). As an example of its use, suppose you want to average the visible cells in the range B2:B200. Simply call the AVERAGE function like this:
=AVERAGE(Vis(B2:B200))
Here's the code for the Vis function.
Code:
Function Vis(Rin As Range) As Range
'Returns the subset of Rin that is visible
Dim Cell As Range
Application.Volatile
Set Vis = Nothing
For Each Cell In Rin
If Not (Cell.EntireRow.Hidden Or Cell.EntireColumn.Hidden) Then
If Vis Is Nothing Then
Set Vis = Cell
Else
Set Vis = Union(Vis, Cell)
End If
End If
Next Cell
End Function
This works with both hidden rows and hidden columns.
To install this function in your workbook, go to the Visual Basic Editor (keyboard Alt-TMV), insert a new macro module (Alt-IM), and paste this code into the Code pane.

Upvote 0
tusharm
MrExcel MVP
Joined
May 28, 2002
Messages
11,029
Check out the SUBTOTAL function. It supports 11 stats functions and it operates on either all cells or on only visible cells depending on the first argument. For more see Excel help.
I have columns of data (marks on assessments) that filter in various ways. When I filter I simply hide the rows that do not match the filter key. Then I want do stats on the visible data, eg averages, Standard Deviations etc. However Excel seems to include the hidden rows when I this. Is there a way to get Excel to ignore hidden rows in its calculations?
I could just copy the data on the visible rows to another worksheet, do the stats there and then copy it back to the appropriate cells but if there is a built in method I would like to know.
Thanks

Upvote 0
Forum statistics
Threads
1,191,166
Messages
5,985,050
Members
439,935
Latest member
Monty238
We've detected that you are using an adblocker.
We have a great community of people providing Excel help here, but the hosting costs are enormous. You can help keep this site running by allowing ads on MrExcel.com.
Allow Ads at MrExcel
Which adblocker are you using?
Disable AdBlock
Follow these easy steps to disable AdBlock
1)Click on the icon in the browser's toolbar.
2)Click on the icon in the browser's toolbar.
2)Click on the "Pause on this site" option.
Go back
Disable AdBlock Plus
Follow these easy steps to disable AdBlock Plus
1)Click on the icon in the browser's toolbar.
2)Click on the toggle to disable it for "mrexcel.com".
Go back
Disable uBlock Origin
Follow these easy steps to disable uBlock Origin
1)Click on the icon in the browser's toolbar.
2)Click on the "Power" button.
3)Click on the "Refresh" button.
Go back
Disable uBlock
Follow these easy steps to disable uBlock
1)Click on the icon in the browser's toolbar.
2)Click on the "Power" button.
3)Click on the "Refresh" button.
Go back
Top


text:
What Does Zinc Rich Primer Mean?
A zinc rich primer is a chemical substance that contains high concentrations of the silver-white metal zinc. Zinc rich primers are used by many industries as a preparatory coating to protect iron or steel substrates against corrosion.
Corrosionpedia Explains Zinc Rich Primer
Zinc rich primers are unique from regular primers because they contain zinc, and therefore possess highly sacrificial anodic properties. High concentrations of zinc dust act sacrificially when in direct contact with steel by providing cathodic protection and galvanizing properties.
Galvanizing is a corrosion protection process for steel or iron, in which the substrate is coated with zinc to prevent it from rusting. The galvanization process entails immersing a clean, oxide-free iron or steel object into molten zinc, which then forms a zinc coating that is metallurgically bonded to the object's surface.
Unlike regular paints that provide protection by generating an impermeable barrier between the metal and atmospheric moisture, zinc rich primers provide cathodic protection.
There are two types of zinc primers: organic and inorganic. Organic zinc rich primers are often used in the form of a moisture cured urethane zinc primer.


text:
Schools and children from across Wimborne Academy Trust have been making daily visits to Wimborne Minster's Easter Experience week.
The youngsters from Allenbourne Middle, St Michael's Middle, St John's First and Witchampton First schools have learned the true story of Easter thanks to the event held at the town's well-known church.
CEO of Wimborne Academy Trust, Liz West, said: "This is one of the highlights of our year and we are very grateful to Wimborne Minster for inviting our children to this very special event.
"It is an incredibly moving experience for our children to be taken through the last few days of Jesus's life and understand why we celebrate Easter every year."
Organised by St John's Church, St Michael's Church and Wimborne Minster, the Easter Experience is a one hour session based around the story of Easter.
In the church are six story-telling stations, decorated to symbolise the Easter story, including Palm Sunday, the Last Supper, Jesus washing the Disciples' feet, Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane and the Crucifixion.
Throughout the week church volunteers led groups of more than 400 students to each station and told them what happened at each of those momentous events in history.
The children also engaged in interactive activities, including re-creating the Last Supper.
Allenbourne Middle School teacher, Richard Wright, accompanied the children on the visit and said: "Having the Easter story re-told in such a special place as Wimborne Minster really made this a memorable occasion.
"The children were completely enraptured with the Easter story and it was a very thought provoking experience for them."
Wimborne Minster Church Warden, Deirdre Ashton, added: "It was a real joy to welcome the children. They behaved impeccably, showing interest and respect towards their surroundings.
"Most impressively, they participated and responded with imagination and sensitivity."
Wimborne Academy Trust was formed in 2015 and comprises Allenbourn Middle School, St Michael's Middle School, St John's First School, Hayeswood First School, Merley First School, Colehill First School and Witchampton First School.
All of its schools are rated Good or Outstanding.
Note to editors: For more information please contact Rachel Read, account director at Deep South Media, on 01202 534487.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Looking up dictionaries I don't see a easy rule when to use ability vs. faculty in sense of a describing attribute. For example, "cognitive faculty" or "faculty of speech" seem to be standard terms, but then "learning or mental ability" seems more common than "learning faculty". The only pattern I see is that abilities are kind of innate(?).
share|improve this question
It's not a distinction of meaning as such - just that certain combinations are more idiomatically established. The net result being that the more academic/clinical faculty tends to refer "innate, raw" potential (which you always had, and which can't be improved). Whereas ability, often refers to current skill level - which can improve or deteriorate. Depending on whether you practice, or allow skills to atrophy through disuse, for example. – FumbleFingers Jul 5 '12 at 23:29
Quick answer: 'faculty' is kind of general, referring to the ability in a species the possibility of X. 'Ability' means you can do X now. Also, 'faculty' has many very specific connotations (like with the individuals who teach at an institution) – Mitch Jul 6 '12 at 3:28
1 Answer 1
up vote 3 down vote accepted
To me, and I don't think there's a Chicago or AP reference on this so YMMV:
 - Ability - what degree of capability exists
 - Faculty - is any capability present whatsoever
So, an infant has no faculty of speech, and a toddler has faculty but limited ability.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


Definition of Emboli
Definition of Emboli
Emboli: Something that travels through the bloodstream, lodges in a blood vessel and blocks it. Examples of emboli are a detached blood clot, a clump of bacteria, and foreign material such as air.
Pulmonary emboli are blood clots that have been carried through the blood into the pulmonary artery (the main blood vessel from the heart to the lung) or one of its branches, plugging that vessel.
Emboli is the plural of embolus, a word that comes from the Greek "embolos" meaning a wedge or plug. "Embolos" was derived from "en" (in) + "ballein" (to throw) so emboli are something thrown in.
Last Editorial Review: 5/13/2016
Search MedTerms:
Back to MedTerms online medical dictionary A-Z List
Pill Identifier Tool
Need help identifying pills and medications?
Use the pill finder tool on RxList.
Health Solutions From Our Sponsors


Write Anywhere
The Input Panel writing pad works well for a few sentences, but writing on the same line over and over is not how we really handwrite messages. The Write Anywhere feature essentially turns most of the tablet screen into a transparent writing pad. This is a powerful feature, but it can be confusing because it appears that you're writing directly on a document, as you can with Windows Journal and Microsoft Office XP with the Office XP Pack for Tablet PC. You're not. Write Anywhere is a version of the Input Panel writing pad and is still a method for text entry when the keyboard is not accessible or convenient.
Turning On Write Anywhere
To use Write Anywhere, first open the document in which you want to place text. Next open Input Panel, and tap the Write Anywhere
button on the title bar. The Write Anywhere button has an image of a pen on it. If the Write Anywhere button is not visible, tap the Tools menu on Input Panel and tap Options to display the Options dialog box. On the Write Anywhere tab, check the Show The Turn On Write Anywhere Button On The Title Bar check box and tap OK.
When you tap the Write Anywhere button, a Write Anywhere information dialog box appears. Tap OK, and the Write Anywhere boundaries appear on the screen as shown in Figure 2-13, where Write Anywhere is open on top of a new message in Microsoft Outlook Express.
There are three important items to note in this figure:
Using Write Anywhere
Once the writing area transparency is open and the cursor is in place, you can begin writing. As shown in Figure 2-14, wherever you start writing, a black line appears to help you write horizontally across the screen. You do not need to write on the line, but the recognition is better if your handwriting does not wander all over the screen. As with the writing pad on Input Panel, there's an adjustable delay before the ink disappears and the text appears in the document.
Figure 2-14 Tap once to place the cursor where you want text to go, and then start writing anywhere on the writing area transparency.
Figure 2-14. Tap once to place the cursor where you want text to go, and then start writing anywhere on the writing area transparency.
When you're using the Input Panel writing pad, you must specify each Enter, extra Space, and Tab. If you do not, the system will put all your text together no matter how you organize it on the screen. You can send these commands using the same gestures as with the writing pad, but the entire writing area transparency must be clear of ink. Because the ink tends to persist longer in Write Anywhere, this isn't always convenient. Another method is to open the quick keys pad from the Input Panel title bar while Write Anywhere is still open. You can tap an Enter, Tab, or other key on the quick keys pad without waiting for the ink to disappear; however, as soon as you tap a key all the ink currently in the writing area will be immediately converted to text. Figure 2-15 and Figure 2-16 show how the system would ignore text organization (new lines, tabs, and so on) and how it could be corrected.
TIP
Write Anywhere also understands the scratch-out gesture to remove ink before it is converted to text.
Figure 2-15 Write Anywhere allows you to write freely over the screen, but it does not interpret the organization of your text. Figure 2-16 shows how this text is interpreted.
Figure 2-15. Write Anywhere allows you to write freely over the screen, but it does not interpret the organization of your text. Figure 2-16 shows how this text is interpreted.
Selecting an entire paragraph with Write Anywhere open is simple if you start the selection on the edge of the screen, outside the writing area. Press down with the pen at the beginning of the selection, and drag the pen over the text you want selected. To select text underneath the transparency, press and hold on a point under the writing transparency. The transparency temporarily vanishes and remains absent as long as you keep holding. Without lifting the pen, you may now drag the pen over the text you want selected. As soon as you lift the pen the transparency reappears, but the text remains selected. You must either disable the Press And Hold For Right-Click option or set a long pause before the shortcut menu appears for this to work; otherwise, you'll get a shortcut menu instead of a selection. If you use the Press And Hold For Right-Click option, it's usually easier to close Write Anywhere for a moment, select the text you want, open Write Anywhere again, and continue. Because the writing transparency opens and closes instantly, this hardly disturbs your work.
Figure 2-16 You may edit and correct text by using gestures, such as the Enter gesture shown here, by tapping keys on the quick key pad, or even by switching to the Input Panel on-screen keyboard while Write Anywhere is open.
Figure 2-16. You may edit and correct text by using gestures, such as the Enter gesture shown here, by tapping keys on the quick key pad, or even by switching to the Input Panel on-screen keyboard while Write Anywhere is open.
When you reach the bottom of the writing area, you may continue writing at the top in the empty space, as shown in Figure 2-17. The text will enter your document in the same order you wrote it, regardless of where you wrote it or what is below the transparency. The text at the top of Figure 2-17 was written last and will appear at the end of the sentence.
Figure 2-17 Text will be entered into your document in the same order you wrote it, regardless of where you wrote it or what is below the transparency.
Figure 2-17. Text will be entered into your document in the same order you wrote it, regardless of where you wrote it or what is below the transparency.
Write Anywhere is a tool you will probably either love or hate. If you use Write Anywhere regularly, here are a few tips to keep things running smoothly:


text:
During the India Food and Nutrition Innovation Summit 2021 (IFNIS 2021) – organised by FICCI and Thinking Forks and supported by the Ministry of Food Processing Industries – held from 27-28 October 2021, a knowledge paper titled Innovation in Food & Nutrition: Towards a Healthier India was released.
The report aims to highlight the gaps when it comes to nutrition, emerging consumer and market trends that are driving consumer choices in food and beverage products.
The report was materialised with the help of Protein Food and Nutrition Development Association of India (PFNDAI) and Mintel, which provided insightful data to FICCI and Thinking Forks.
Rinka Banerjee, founder of Thinking Forks Consulting, explained, "Some of the area that is covered in this report is the dietary changes, demographic changes and rapid urbanisation, which is happening in our homes.
Banerjee said the report would touch upon the nutritional status of the country. "India is going through a rapid demographic and nutrition transition. Consumers in India like elsewhere in the world are looking for active healthier lifestyle solutions through food and beverages. This strong stated need has also been accelerated due to the Covid-19 pandemic. This has also led to the growth of categories such as functional foods and nutraceuticals," she stated.
"Equally, India also has the double burden of malnutrition on one end and over nutrition on the other leading to non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, overweight, cardiovascular diseases and so on," Banerjee said. "The food industry is innovating like never before to meet the growing consumer needs and provide healthier choices in food and beverages through extensive R&D in functional ingredients, novel processing technologies, and industry-academia collaborations."
She said the report will highlight the consumer trends, which are driving consumption in the space. "Covid-19 has really prioritised healthy eating for consumers. Consumers are focusing a lot on health when they are shopping for food and of course they're looking for better nutrition in terms of higher protein, lower fat and so on," Banerjee added.
Apart from that, the report will shed light on innovations by small and medium scale enterprises. Banerjee said that consumers today are much aware and are trying to make scientifically validated functional claims based on traditional medicine, and there has been a lot of growth in functional foods.
Banerjee hoped that all stakeholders will make use of the report to make valid and scientific choices in terms of food processing and adopting newer and better technologies.
She explained: "Greater market access through various go-to-market channels is providing a great opportunity for food innovators. In this report there are insights on some of the key trends, nutritional need gaps and Innovations in the Indian marketplace.
"This report also provides a glimpse of the technologies from industry and academia that are enabling growth in food and nutrition related products, charting the path forward towards a healthier India."


Friction Welding Your 3D Prints
Friction Welding.jpg
A common technique to successfully 3D print complex objects is to print separate pieces and then glue them together. But are there other techniques for joining pieces together? Apparently yes.
There is a technique known as "friction welding", which uses the principle of friction-generated heat. If there is sufficient friction, the heat may be high enough to melt or soften 3D prints made of ABS and particularly of PLA as they have a lower melt temperature.
In this video friction welding is demonstrated. The approach is to insert a filament segment into a Dremel or similar tool and spin it at very high speed. The tip of the rotating filament touches the print and friction generates heat. Some of the filament's melted plastic is deposited on the print if you handle it carefully. You can also drill smooth holes in the print by simply pushing the filament through.
Is this approach useful for joining two pieces together? Maybe, but it would require a lot of very careful work to do so. Probably it's less effective for joining pieces than it is for welding holes closed and other small repairs.
But it's yet another approach to put in your 3D printing toolkit.
Via YouTube


text:
Talk about maternal sacrifice. In a rather freakish twist of nature, baby spiders in some species completely devour their moms. And now researchers have discovered that the practice can get even stranger. Scientists from Israel's Ben Gurion University wanted to know if spiders participate in cooperative group mothering, as some mammals and birds do. They investigated a species of spider from southern Africa known for maternal care and for communal living. The results appear in the journal Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology.
In some experimental nests, the researchers left a group of females intact but removed egg sacks from all but one of the mothers-to-be. In control groups there was only one female and her eggs. At the end of the study, they checked on the health of the spider babies. In those groups with multiple moms, more eggs successfully hatched and the brood was healthier overall. As for the moms? They were almost all sucked dry, leaving only their crispy exoskeletons. So now at least one species of spider is known to participate in communal mothering. And under the right circumstances even the surrogate moms sacrificing everything for the offspring.


text:
Investigation of Current Sensing Using Inherent Resistance
MetadataShow full item record
A novel method of current sensing using resistance of power delivery path is introduced as a mean to measure static or dynamic load current in high-power system-on-chips, where conventional methods deemed inadequate. It is named "IRS" here, and it stands for Inherent Resistance Current Sensing. To explain its application and to provide motivation beyond this work, pros and cons of conventional techniques are reviewed with a look at previous works done in this area. It is followed with review of discreet implementation of the sensor (IRS) in chapter three. The measurements results collected using the discrete circuits are included with an in-depth analysis of the results and compensation techniques. It offers insight to effectiveness of the solution and its potential, while highlighting shortcomings and limitation of discrete implementation. This would set the tone to design integrated version of the sensor. In order to select amplifier architecture, a rundown of common methods to construct the instrumentation amplifier is discussed in chapter 4, primarily based on the latest work already done in this field per cited references. This is to help readers to get an overall view of the challenges and techniques to overcome them. Finally, the architecture for the integrated version of the sensor (IRS) is presented, with a proof of concept design. The design is targeted for low voltage VLSI systems to allow integration within large SoCs such as GPUs and CPUs. The primary block, the instrumentation amplifier, is constructed using rail-to-rail current conveyers and simulated using TSMC 32nm process node. The simulation results are analyzed and observations are provided.
Cite this version of the work
Shahin Solki (2010). Investigation of Current Sensing Using Inherent Resistance. UWSpace. _URL_


Arab Name Meaning
Arab name meaning is Wish, Desire. Arab is a Muslim boy name and it is an Arabic originated name with multiple meanings and the associated lucky number is 2. Get proper spelling and pronunciation of name Arab.
Name Arab
Meaning Wish, Desire
Gender Boy
Audio How to Pronounce Arab Name
Origin Arabic
Lucky # 2
Religion Muslim
Short Name YES
Name Length 4 Letters and 1 Word
Arab Name Popularity & Rank : 463
Find Top Popular Ranked Names
Arab Name Meaning
Arab name meaning in English is Wish, Desire that clearly describes the expected significance of the name on personality. This name is based on 4 alphabets. According to the numerology prediction of this name, the lucky number is 2 and it impacts positively on personality development. People living in the UK, US, Canada, India, and Saudi Arabia can search for detail about this name online without any hassle. Find the correct meaning of the name along with the origin, gender, classification, and much more about this attractive name.
1) What is the lucky number of Arab?
The lucky number associated with the name Arab is "2".
2) What is the meaning of Arab?
The meaning of name Arab is "wish, desire".
3) What is the name LENGTH of Arab?
The Name Arab consists of 4 alphabets.
4) What is the religion of Arab name?
The religion of the name Arab is Muslim.
Arab Name : Review & Comment


text: John Jeffries was a Boston physician, scientist, and military surgeon with the British army during the Revolutionary War. Jeffries is recognized as the first "weatherman." As noted in a previous column, he was an early balloonist and accompanied Jean-Pierre Blanchard in 1785 as their balloon crossed the English Channel. During the flight, Dr. Jeffries took weather readings with a telescope, timepiece, compass, thermometer, barometer hydrometer — to measure humidity — and an electrometer — to determine electrical activity. He also used a ribbon and scissors to determine the rise and fall of the balloon and a pen and pencil to ascertain if thin air affected their use. Today marks his birthday in 1744, known as National Weatherman's Day. Thanks to Cookies by Design for their Weatherman's Day gifts. Fastcast: Early rain.


text: Triarylmethyl (TAM) radicals are widely used in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy as spin labels and in EPR imaging as spin probes for in vivo oxymetry. One of the key advantages of TAMs is the extremely narrow EPR line, especially in case of deuterated analogs (~2.5 μT). Another advantage is their slow spin relaxation even at physiological temperatures; in particular, this characteristic enables the use of pulsed dipolar EPR methods for distance measurements in biomolecules. In this study, a large series of TAM radicals and their deuterated analogs was synthesized, and the corresponding spectroscopic parameters including 13C hyperfine constants were determined for the first time. We observed negligible dependence of 13C hyperfine constants on the solvent or on the structure or number of substituents at para-C atoms of the aromatic rings. In addition, we demonstrated that 13C signals at natural abundance can be used for successful distance measurements at room temperature by pulsed electron double resonance (PELDOR or DEER).


text:
This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The Formula language is a scripting language used by Lotus Notes. It is often referred to as _USER_ language (pronounced at-formula) because many language elements start with the @-character. Here is an example of a selection formula:
SELECT _USER_ = "NT0050D26"
It was created by Ray Ozzie during the early development of Lotus Notes. He borrowed the compiler and decompiler from the Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet, but unlike the spreadsheet language Formula Language was designed primarily for string and list processing, not numerical processing. It was originally a Functional programming language with unique text list-handling features inspired by Ray Ozzie's prior use of Icon and Lisp.
The Formula language has two parts:
- _USER_ for calculations and simple logic
- _USER_ for performing actions in the user interface
_USER_ can be used in several places throughout Lotus Notes. The most important uses are:
- to select documents to show to the user in a view (a kind of index) or to select documents for further processing. In this case, the formula will evaluate to a 'true' (selected) or 'false' value (not selected) for each document.
- to provide default values for fields, to transform the data entered by the user (like stripping off redundant spaces) and to validate this data.
- to get a list of values from a Notes database or even from a relational database (using ODBC). This may be used to provide a user with a list of values to choose from.
- to process a set of documents. The formula is placed in an agent, a program or macro that can be started by a user or by the Notes server according to a schedule. When the agent is triggered, the formula executes for each selected document (this a very limited form of a loop). This is an efficient way of changing lots of documents, if the logic is not too complicated. In case of complicated changes, LotusScript is used.
_USER_ are like menu commands: they perform actions in the Lotus Notes client. Examples of actions are:
- opening a Notes database
- creating an e-mail
- putting the cursor in a specific data-entry field
- closing a window
- starting an agent
_USER_ are primarily used in formulas that are triggered by user action, such as in button formulas. It is possible to combine them with _USER_, for example by making execution of an _USER_ conditional on a field value.
- Damien Katz (January 4, 2005). "Formula Engine Rewrite". Personal blog. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
- "Enhancements to the formula language in Domino 6". IBM. November 4, 2002. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved September 30, 2016.