text:
A variance may be granted by the Board of Adjustment upon an affirmative finding that all of the following conditions exist:
1. The requested variance arises from conditions that are unique to the subject property, that are not ordinarily found in the same zoning district, and that are not a result of the owner's intentional action.
2. The granting of the permit for the variance will not adversely affect the rights of adjacent property owners or residents.
3. The strict application of the applicable standards will constitute an unnecessary physical hardship (not economic hardship) because the property cannot be used for an otherwise allowed use without coming into conflict with applicable site development standards.
4. The variance desired will not adversely affect the public health, safety or general welfare.
5. The variance is the minimum variance that will overcome the hardship.


text:
|Stage Navigation for ver3.0||Next:|
| Martian Base |
| Seabed (1,2,3,4,5,6) |
| Dust Ground (1,2,3) |
Rocky Road (1,2,3)
| Crater (1,2) |
- This is the second stage in the Martian Series.
- This stage was implemented in ver1.1
- Unlike the first stage, all enemies in this stage are mobile.
- The effect of the low gravity on enemies can be seen in this stage, where the Snakes jump twice as high as compared to Snakes on Earth.
- Seabed, the stage type

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Introducing Static Driver Verifier
Static Driver Verifier (SDV) is a static verification tool that runs at compile time. It explores paths in the driver code by symbolically executing the source code, making the fewest possible assumptions about the state of the operating system and the initial state of the driver. As a result, SDV can exercise code in paths that are missed in traditional testing.
SDV includes a set of rules that define proper interaction between a driver and the operating system kernel. During verification, SDV examines every applicable branch of the driver code and the library code that it uses, and tries to prove that the driver violates the rules. If SDV fails to prove a violation, it reports that the driver complies with the rules and passes the verification.
This section includes:
Send feedback about:

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


different from Document Type "A"?
 - It uses the label SSN: instead of Social Security Number:.
How is Document Type "C" different from Document Type "A"?
 - It uses the labels SSN: instead of Social Security Number: and DOB: instead of Date of Birth:.
How is Document Type "D" different from Document Type "A"?
 - It uses the labels SSN: instead of Social Security Number:, DOB: instead of Date of Birth:, and Phone #: instead of Phone Number.
Labeling-behavior-classification-01.png
Labeling-behavior-classification-02.png
Labeling-behavior-classification-03.png
Labeling-behavior-classification-04.png
Using the Labelset-Based Classification Method unclassified documents are classified by assigning the document the Document Type whose labels are most similar. The basic concept is "similarity" is determined by how many labels are shared between the unclassified document and the label sets collected for the Document Types in your Content Model. The unclassified document is assigned the Document Type with the highest degree of similarity between matched labels and the Document Types' label sets.
The similarity calculation is very straightforward. Grooper searches for labels collected for every Document Type and measures the total character difference between all the labels matched on the document.
If each of these five labels is collected for each Document Type's Label Set, you'd have the following character totals for the set.
 - Document Type "A" - 63 total label characters.
 - Document Type "B" - 44 total label characters.
 - Document Type "C" - 34 total label characters.
 - Document Type "D" - 29 total label characters.
How similar is Document Type "A" to Document Type "B"?
 - "A" uses the label Social Security Number: instead of SSN:
 - However, there is a match for the remaining four labels.
 - The remaining four labels, Name:, Date of Birth, Phone Number: and Address: are comprised of 40 characters.
 - The similarity score is the percentage of matched label characters divided by the total characters in the Document Type's label set.
 - 40 matched label characters / 44 total label characters = 0.9091
 - "A" is roughly 91% similar to "B"
How similar is Document Type "A" to Document Type "C"?
 - "A" uses the label Social Security Number: instead of SSN: and Date of Birth instead of DOB:
 - However, there is a match for the remaining three labels.
 - The remaining three labels, Name:, Phone Number: and Address: are comprised of 26 characters.
 - The similarity score is the percentage of matched label characters divided by the total characters in the Document Type's label set.
 - 26 matched label characters / 34 total label characters = 0.7647
 - "A" is roughly 76% similar to "B"
How similar is Document Type "A" to Document Type "D"?
 - Figure out what labels from "A" match "D", and do the math.
Labeling-behavior-classification-01-01.png
Labeling-behavior-classification-02-01.png
Labeling-behavior-classification-03-01.png
Labeling-behavior-classification-04-01.png
If we ran one of these "documents" into Grooper, we can see these results very clearly.
 1. The document shares all five labels in common with the "A" Document Type.
 2. Grooper searches for labels matching the label sets for all Document Types in the Content Model and creates a similarity score for each one.
 - You can see the math described above play out here. Matching all labels in the "A" Document Type's label set, the document is considered 100% similar. Less so for the other Document Types because while they share some labels (like Name:), some are different (like Social Security Number: versus SSN:
 3. Upon classification, the document folder is assigned the Document Type with the highest similarity score.
 - In this case the "A" Document Type.
Labeling-behavior-classification-how to-01.png
Configuring Labelset-Based Classification
Next, we will walk through the steps required to enable and configure the Labelset-Based Classification Method, using our example set of invoice documents.
The basic steps are as follows:
 1. Set the Content Model's Classification Method property to Labelset-Based
 2. Collect labels for each Document Type
 3. Test classification
 4. Reconfigure, updating existing Document Types' Label Sets and adding new Document Types as needed.
Assign the Labelset-Based Classification Method
Once you've figured out you want to use Label Sets to classify your documents, you need to tell your Content Model that's what you want to do! This is done by setting the Content Model's Classification Method property to Labelset-Based.
 1. Select a Content Model in the Node Tree.
 - We've selected the "Labeling Behavior - Invoices" Content Model we've been working with in this How To section of the article.
 2. Select the Classification Method property.
 3. Using the dropdown menu, select Labelset-Based from the list of options.
Next, we will collect labels for each Document Type in the Content Model.
 1. Note we've already added a Labeling Behavior to the Behaviors property.
 - It doesn't matter whether you add a Labeling Behavior and/or collect labels before selecting Labelset-Based for the Classification Method' or after.
 - However, you will need to add the Labeling Behavior at some point in order to collect label sets for the Document Types and ultimately use the Labelset-Based method for document classification. Visit the tutorial above if you're unsure how to add the Labeling Behavior to the Content Model.
Labeling-behavior-classification-how to-02.png
Click me to return to the top
Collect Labels
See the above how to (Collect Label Sets) for a full explanation of how to collect labels for Document Types in a Content Model. The rest of this tutorial will presume you have general familiarity with collecting labels.
 1. Switch to the "Labels" tab.
 2. Collect labels for each Data Element in the Document Type's Data Model.
 3. Collect labels for each Document Type in the Data Model.
Labeling-behavior-classification-how to-03.png
Beta Bug Alert!
Table headers are often very useful for Labelset-Based classification, and it generally is the case you want to use them as a classification feature. Currently, if you want to use a Data Table object's labels for classification, you must set the Data Table's Minimum Row Count property to at least "1". This is a known issue in the current version of Grooper and likely will change.
However, if you find Data Table and/or Data Column labels are not included in determining document similarity during classification, do the following:
 1. Navigate to the Data Table object in the Node Tree.
 2. Expand the Row Count Range property.
 3. Select the Minimum property.
 4. Enter 1.
If you have multiple Data Table objects in your Data Model, you will need to repeat these steps for each one.
Labeling-behavior-classification-how to-26.png
Click me to return to the top
Test Classification
In general, regardless of the Classification Method used, one of three things is going to happen to Batch Folders in a Batch during classification.
 1. The folder will be assigned the correct Document Type.
 2. The folder will be assigned the wrong Document Type.
 3. The folder will be assigned no Document Type at all.
The Labelset-Based method is no different. If all folders are classified correctly, that's great. However, testing is all about ensuring this is the case and figuring out where and why problems arise when folders are classified wrong or not classified at all.
We will look at a couple examples of how classification can go wrong using the Labelset-Based method, why that is the case, and what to do about it.
FYI
The example Batch in the rest of this tutorial is purposefully small to illustrate a few key points. In the real world, you will want to test using a much larger batch with several examples of each Document Type.
 1. The easiest way to test classification (for the Labelset-Based method or any other) is with the "Classification Testing" tab of the Content Model.
 2. Select a test Batch with the "Batch Selector" dropdown window.
 3. Select a Batch Folder and press the "Classify" button to classify a single document folder.
 4. Select a Batch Folder and press the "Classify All" button to classify all document folders in the Batch.
Labeling-behavior-classification-how to-04.png
Now we just need to evaluate the success or failure of our classification. Let's look at a few documents in our Batch before detailing what we will do to resolve any classification errors.
 1. This is a complete success!
 - The Batch Folder has been assigned the "Factura" Document Type.
 2. It indeed should have been classified so. It is an invoice from the Factura Technology Corp.
 3. Its similarity score is 100% similar to the "Factura" Document Type.
 - This means a match has been found for all labels in the "Factura" Document Type's label set.
Labeling-behavior-classification-how to-05.png
 1. This is a mitigated success.
 - The Batch Folder has been assigned the "Envoy" Document Type.
 2. It indeed should have


Adventures in Machine Learning
Mastering Oracle: How to Limit Query Results for Efficient Data Retrieval
Query Limitation in Oracle: Limiting Result Rows in Queries
Are you tired of sifting through a sea of query results in Oracle? Do you want to save time and only view the important data?
You're in luck! In Oracle, you can limit the number of rows in your query results. In this article, we'll explore how to limit the number of rows in your Oracle queries.
The Limit Clause
The simplest way to limit the number of rows in your query results is by using the LIMIT clause. This clause is available in other database management systems but not in Oracle.
However, Oracle provides its own version of the LIMIT clause – the FETCH clause. Let's take a look at the syntax:
"'
SELECT column
FROM table
[WHERE condition]
FETCH {FIRST | NEXT} number {ROW | ROWS} ONLY;
"'
Here's a breakdown of the syntax:
– SELECT: The statement to retrieve data from Oracle's database. – column: The name of the column to retrieve data.
– table: The name of the table to retrieve data. – WHERE condition: Optional criteria for selecting rows.
– FETCH: Returns a specific subset of rows from the result set. – FIRST | NEXT: Indicates the starting point of the result set.
– number: Specifies the number of rows to fetch. – ROW | ROWS: Indicates the type of unit for the number of rows to fetch.
– ONLY: Excludes all rows beyond the specified number from the result set. For example, if we want to select the first three rows of the "employees" table:
"'
SELECT *
FROM employees
ORDER BY last_name ASC
FETCH FIRST 3 ROWS ONLY;
"'
This query will retrieve the first three employees' records from the "employees" table, sorted by last name in ascending order.
Subquery with ROWNUM Limitation
Another way to limit your query results is by using a subquery with the ROWNUM keyword. ROWNUM is a pseudocolumn that assigns a unique number to every row fetched from a query.
Combining ROWNUM with a subquery is an effective way to limit the number of returned rows. Here's an example:
"'
SELECT *
FROM (SELECT *
FROM products
ORDER BY unit_price DESC)
WHERE ROWNUM <= 5;
"'
This code retrieves the five products that have the highest unit price from the "products" table.
The subquery first sorts all the rows in descending order by unit price. Then, the outer query selects the first five rows numbered by ROWNUM.
Getting Top Rows Based on a Condition
When you have a larger dataset and want to get the top results based on a condition, you can use both methods described above as well. In the following example, we'll get the highest score of an exam with the following structure:
"'
CREATE TABLE exam (
exam_id NUMBER,
student_name VARCHAR2(50),
score NUMBER(3)
);
"'
The sample data inserted:
"'
INSERT INTO exam
(exam_id, student_name, score)
VALUES
(1, 'Alice', 95),
(2, 'Ben', 80),
(3, 'Charlie', 100),
(4, 'David', 95),
(5, 'Ella', 85),
(6, 'Frank', 92),
(7, 'Gina', 78),
(8, 'Harry', 90),
(9, 'Ivan', 96),
(10, 'Jake', 83),
(11, 'Kate', 87),
(12, 'Liam', 95),
(13, 'Maggie', 77),
(14, 'Nora', 84),
(15, 'Oscar', 98),
(16, 'Penelope', 81),
(17, 'Quincy', 92),
(18, 'Rachel', 89);
"'
The query to get the highest score:
"'
SELECT *
FROM exam
WHERE score = (SELECT MAX(score)
FROM exam);
"'
This query will retrieve the students who scored the highest on the exam.
Key Takeaways
By now, you should have a better understanding of how to limit query results in Oracle. You can use the FETCH or ROWNUM to ensure that only the necessary data is retrieved.
Additionally, by combining these techniques with subqueries, you can limit the results further based on particular conditions. Regardless of your query needs, a well-structured query can help you find the data you need quickly and efficiently.
In summary, limiting query results in Oracle is a handy technique that can help you save time and avoid unnecessary data. With this knowledge, you'll be one step closer to mastering Oracle's powerful query capabilities!
Discussion and Tips: How to Refine Your Oracle Queries Using Subqueries, Conditions, and Limitations
As the amount of data we store continues to grow at an exponential rate, so do the complexities of processing and analyzing it.
Organizations need agile and efficient tools to query their databases effectively. In this article, we'll explore how to leverage subqueries, conditions, and query limitations in Oracle to refine your queries and simplify data retrieval.
Using Subqueries for Sorting
Often in database applications, the need arises to perform a complex sort on a specific attribute within a dataset. In such cases, a subquery can be helpful.
A subquery allows you to divide a more extensive query into two or more queries and retrieve data from a nested component within a single query. When it comes to sorting, you can use a subquery to define a result set for sorting.
Let's take a look at an example:
"'
SELECT order_id, customer_id, total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id IN (
SELECT customer_id
FROM customers
WHERE region = 'Asia'
)
ORDER BY total_amount DESC;
"'
This query retrieves all the orders from a specific region (Asia) and sorts them by the total amount of each order. Notice that we used a subquery in the WHERE clause to retrieve customer IDs from a nested component and filter the results accordingly.
Applying Conditions for Query Result Limitation
When dealing with large datasets, it is often necessary to apply conditions to limit the number of results returned by a query. Oracle provides us with a useful and straightforward tool for this: the ROWNUM keyword.
ROWNUM is a pseudocolumn that can be used to limit the number of rows returned from a query, which helps to conserve memory and reduce processing time. Let's explore an example:
"'
SELECT order_id, customer_id, total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE status = 'delivered'
AND ROWNUM < 6;
"'
This query retrieves the five most recent delivered orders by filtering on the "status" column and applying a condition on ROWNUM in the WHERE clause. Here, we've limited the number of rows returned to five by setting ROWNUM to less than six.
Potential Limitations and Risks
While subqueries and ROWNUM are useful for limiting query results, there are several limitations and risks to consider before implementing them in your queries. When using subqueries, it is essential to be mindful of their complexity and impact on performance.
Subqueries can become quite complicated and take longer to execute, which can slow down your query performance. Additionally, subqueries are not always supported by all database management systems, so be sure to check the documentation for complete details.
Similarly, when using ROWNUM, it's crucial to remember that the order of rows returned is determined by the physical order the data is stored. Therefore, it's not always reliable to use ROWNUM to limit a query's results since the order in which the data was entered into the table could impact the results.
Another potential risk when using ROWNUM is that it can create a false sense of security in your results. Suppose you're using ROWNUM to limit the number of results returned in your query.
In that case, you may not necessarily be getting the data you need. For instance, if you are looking to retrieve the five highest scores from a table, and two or more students have scored the same highest score, using ROWNUM can limit the result set to less than five rows.
Therefore, be careful when relying solely on ROWNUM to limit your query's results.
Final Thoughts
Oracle provides many useful features and tools for querying your database effectively. By leveraging subqueries and ROWNUM, you can streamline your data retrieval and limit the number of results returned to optimize performance.
However, be mindful of the potential limitations and risks associated with these features. As always, test your queries, and consult Oracle documentation to ensure the best results for your specific needs.
In summary, refining your Oracle queries using subqueries, conditions, and limitations can help you streamline your data retrieval and optimize your query performance. By using subqueries to sort and filter your data and applying conditions to limit the number of results returned by your queries, you can efficiently query large datasets.
However, it's essential to be mindful of the potential limitations and risks of these features. Always test your queries and consult Oracle documentation to achieve the best results.
Query optimization is a crucial skill for data analysts, and mastering these techniques will help you make better data-driven decisions.


1. Home
 2. Etymological origin of Italian surname: Coronella
Etymological origin of Italian surname: Coronella
Corona is present a little all over Italy, it has strains with different origins, in Sardinia, in the Taranto area, in Campania and in the Palermo area, Coronella has a stock in the Caserta and Naples areas and one in the Catania and Syracuse areas, Coronelli has a stock in the Bari area. Triggiano and Capurso, Coronello, absolutely rare, would appear to be from Campania, they should derive, directly or through hypocorisms, from the term crown as a governing body, a bit like a judge or baglio or capitaneo, but it is also possible a derivation from the Spanish term coronel (colonel ), perhaps to indicate that the progenitors belonged to the military hierarchy, whether in a joking tone to characterize their behavior, in Trentino it could derive from toponyms such as Mezzacorona (TN), and so on. We find traces of these surnames in Solofra (AV) in the second half of the 1400s with a certain Nardello de Corona. additions provided by Giuseppe Concas CORONA: means crown and comes from the Latin corona, from the Greek?????? (Crowns). It is a surname spread throughout Italy, in 857 Municipalities, of which 139 in Sardinia: Cagliari 308, Maracalagonis 189, Quartu 149, Selargius 94. In the peninsula: Rome has 389, Palermo 230, Milan 141, Turin 137, Naples 135, etc. etc. It is a term used in many expressions: a wreath of flowers; the laurel wreath of the poets and formerly of the victorious generals in Rome; the (golden) crown of the king, or by metonymy the sovereign himself; the crown of the friars, Franciscans and Dominicans, which defines the tonsure; a group of people arranged in a circle; and many others. But in the medieval history of Sardinia the word Corona, with a capital letter, takes on special meanings. In the judicial kingdoms of Càlari, Torres, Gallura and Arborea and also in the subsequent Catalan-Aragonese Kingdom of Sardinia, "Sa Corona", was a judicial assembly and was so called because in the beginning, the judges met in a circle. In the Carta de Logu, by Arborea (the first collection of laws written in Sardinian, in 198 chapters; written by order of Mariano IV and issued in 1392 by his daughter Eleonora), there are 5 active Coronas, with different functions: "Sa Corona "de Mayori de Villa; it is a territorial, judicial and administrative court, formed by a jury, chaired by the Mayori de Villa (administrator, mayor), composed of jurors, whose number varies according to the size of the Villa, ie the number of inhabitants. The Corona de Mayori de Villa did not meet on Sundays or on other holidays. The "Corona" de Portu,: court of 4 members, presided over by an official of the kingdom, the Mayori de Portu, who had supervision over the products on the market; punished fraud, set the right price for goods, inspected weights and measures; did not meet on holidays. The "Corona de Kita de Berrùda, was undoubtedly a military court. The Kita de Berrùda was in fact made up of a guardhouse or rather a real garrison of" lieros de caballu "(armed men, equipped with horses, trained to the battle and of "berrùda", typical weapon of the "lieros" (free men), which was constituted by a long rod, generally of wood, with the metallic tip. The "Corona" de Curatore: it was a court composed of about 5 "Curators"> magistrates for judicial, criminal and civil cases, but who also had the task of electing the magistrates of the Corona de Logu, who was the Major Court of the Kingdom, who intervened in the most important cases, this being presided over directly by the Judge. The "Corona" de Armentario de Logu; when the Corona de Logu was presided over by the highest official (after the Judge) of the kingdom: usually for administrative and economic cases. The "Crowns", all, did not meet on holidays. Crown, as a surname it is present in the ancient documents of the Sardinian language. Among the signatories of the Peace of Eleonora, LPDE of 1388, are: Corona (de) Andrea, ville Ville Longe (* Ville Longe.Villalonga: destroyed. Campitani Majoris); Corona (de) Benedicto, Lunamadrona villas (* Lunamadrona. Today Lunamatrona. Contrate Marmille); Corona (de) Joanne, villa Solgono (* Solgono.odierno Sorgono. Mandrolisay and Barbagia di Belvì); Corona (de) Mursino, villas Ville Longe. In the Condaghe of Santa Maria di Bonarcado, CSMB, XI °, XIII °, there are: Corona (de) Micale (214), and Corona (de) Orzocco (150). In contemporary history we cite Corona Armando (known Armandino): (Villaputzu - 1921. Ca), political; President of the Council of the Autonomous Region of Sardinia; regional councilor; president of Italian Freemasonry; graduated in medicine and surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of Cagliari. He practiced as a doctor until 1969; after which he dedicated himself to entrepreneurial and political activity.
You may be interested
Heraldic Search Last name: Coronella
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Nobility: Nobili
Language of the text: Italiano
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Hamilton Woolen Company Historic District
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Jump to: navigation, search
Hamilton Woolen Company Historic District
Hamilton Woolen Mill Southbridge.jpg
Hamilton Woolen Company Historic District is located in Massachusetts
Hamilton Woolen Company Historic District
Location Roughly bounded by McKinstry Brook, Quinebaug River, and Mill St., Southbridge, Massachusetts
Coordinates 42°4′56″N 72°2′37″W / 42.08222°N 72.04361°W / 42.08222; -72.04361Coordinates: 42°4′56″N 72°2′37″W / 42.08222°N 72.04361°W / 42.08222; -72.04361
Built 1836
Architectural style Greek Revival, Classical Industrial
Governing body Private
MPS Southbridge MRA
NRHP Reference # 89000594[1]
Added to NRHP June 22, 1989
The Hamilton Woolen Company Historic District encompasses the well preserved "Big Mill" complex of the Hamilton Woolen Company, built in the mid 19th century. Located at the confluence of McKinstry Brook and the Quinebaug River in central Southbridge, Massachusetts, the complex consists of a cluster of mill buildings and a rare collection of 1830s brick mill worker housing units located nearby.[2] The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.[1]
The site of the Hamilton Company's mill had been used as a mill site since 1750, when the first water privilege was granted to William Plimpton. In 1812 James and Perez Wolcott established a cotton mill on the site, building in 1814 what was at the time the world's largest cotton mill. The Wolcotts continued to expand their business, until a dam they built gave way, irreparably harming their business. Its remains were acquired by Boston investors, who formed the Hamilton Woolen Company in 1831. They rebuilt the dam to a higher level, and in 1836 embarked on a major expansion of the premises.[2]
Among the buildings erected in 1836 are the Big Mill, a five story brick structure that is the dominant feature of the complex. Extensively modified in 1850, the most distinctive feature of this building is an end stairwell which is capped by a tower with a Romanesque belfry. Immediately adjacent to the mill Brick Square was established. This was a cluster of brick housing units arranged around a quadrangle. This area, now bounded by Mill Street, Canal Street, and Brick Row, includes five surviving worker houses. Built in the then-popular Greek Revival style, one of them was later adapted for company offices.[2]
In the second half of the 19th century Hamilton was the dominant employer in Stockbridge, producing primarily woolen products, especially after the American Civil War cut off cotton supplies. It remained a major presence in town, although it had been eclipsed in size by the American Optical Company, until a strike in 1934 closed its doors forever. Its complex underwent expansion in the late 19th century, but many of these buildings have not survived. The company added several buildings to the complex in 1929, most notable the dye building, which features a large segmented arch window, but is not in a prominent position of visibility in the complex.[2]
See also[edit]
 2. ^ a b c d "MACRIS inventory record for Hamilton Woolen Company Historic District". Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved 2014-01-02.


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It is possible to make a dotted ListPlot. For example:
x = Range[0, 1, 0.0001];
y = Sin[x];
ListPlot[Transpose[{x, y}], PlotRange -> All, Joined -> True, PlotStyle -> Dotted]
Dotted
Is it possible to modify the frequency (i.e., spacing) of dotting?
share|improve this question
4
See AbsoluteDashing – belisarius Jul 13 '12 at 15:09
2
Since Dotted is the same as Dashing[{0, Small}], you could replace Small with Medium or Large... – Ｊ. Ｍ. Jul 13 '12 at 15:12
2
Related: "Plotting with dotted lines, not dashed" (MathGroups). – Alexey Popkov Jul 13 '12 at 15:50
add comment
2 Answers
up vote 11 down vote accepted
It is indeed. As the documentation states, Dotted is equivalent to Dashing[{0, Small}]:
So for example
x = Range[0, 1, 0.0001];
y = Sin[x];
Table[ListPlot[Transpose[{x, y}], PlotRange -> All, Joined -> True,
 PlotStyle -> Dashing[{0, d}]], {d, 0.01, 0.1, 0.01}]
Mathematica graphics
share|improve this answer
add comment
x = Range[0, 2 Pi, 0.01];
y = Sin[x];
Framed@
 ListPlot[(Transpose[{x, y + #}]) & /@ #,
 PlotRange -> All,
 Joined -> True,
 PlotStyle -> (AbsoluteDashing[{#, 15 - #}] & /@ #),
 Axes -> {False, True}] &@{3, 8, 12}
enter image description here
share|improve this answer
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text:
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
- Rhymes: -eɪʃən
indentation (plural indentations)
- The act of indenting or state of being indented.
- A notch or recess, in the margin or border of anything; as, the indentations of a leaf, of the coast, etc.
- A recess or sharp depression in any surface.
- The act of beginning a line or series of lines at a little distance within the flush line of the column or page, as in the common way of beginning the first line of a paragraph.
- A measure of the distance from the flush line; as, an indentation of one em, or of two ems.
notch or recess in a margin or border
recess or sharp depression in a surface
act of beginning a line at a distance from the flush line

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
... including targeted forecasts at the time of your arrival to each point!
Holdrege, Nebraska has four distinct seasons and a wide range of temperatures throughout the year. In the winter months, temperatures can range from the low 30s to the low teens. January is typically the coldest month with an average high of 36°F and an average low of 17°F. Snowfall is common throughout the winter months, and temperatures can dip below 0°F at times.
Spring in Holdrege is mild with temperatures gradually increasing from the low 40s in March to the low 60s in May. Rainfall is common, especially in April and May.
During the summer months, temperatures range from the low 70s to the mid 90s. July is the hottest month with an average high of 90°F and an average low of 67°F. Thunderstorms are common during the summer months.
Fall is mild with temperatures gradually decreasing from the low 70s in September to the low 40s in November. Rainfall is common, especially in October and November. December is typically the driest month of the year.
As of 2020, the city population is 5406.
This map shows the current & 7-day weather forecast, weather alerts, and weather radar for Holdrege, Nebraska.


text: A temperature dependence characterization system of microwave permeability of magnetic thin film up to 5 GHz in the temperature range from room temperature up to 423 K is designed and fabricated as a prototype measurement fixture. It is based on the near field microwave microscopy technique (NFMM). The scaling coefficient of the fixture can be determined by (i) calibrating the NFMM with a standard sample whose permeability is known; (ii) by calibrating the NFMM with an established dynamic permeability measurement technique such as shorted microstrip transmission line perturbation method; (iii) adjusting the real part of the complex permeability at low frequency to fit the value of initial permeability. The algorithms for calculating the complex permeability of magnetic thin films are analyzed. A 100 nm thick FeTaN thin film deposited on Si substrate by sputtering method is characterized using the fixture. The room temperature permeability results of the FeTaN film agree well with results obtained from the established short-circuited microstrip perturbation method. Temperature dependence permeability results fit well with the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. The temperature dependence of the static magnetic anisotropy HK sta, the dynamic magnetic anisotropy H K dyn, the rotational anisotropy Hrot, together with the effective damping coefficient eff, ferromagnetic resonance f FMR, and frequency linewidth f of the thin film are investigated. These temperature dependent magnetic properties of the magnetic thin film are important to the high frequency applications of magnetic devices at high temperatures. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.


written by
Vicky Smith
7 Signs That Your Team Needs a Corporate Away Day
Training 6 min read
It can often be difficult for businesses to make the decision to book a corporate away day for their team. You might think that your team isn't perfect, but they're still working to an acceptable standard. To help you identify whether an away day is right for your team, we've put together a list of 8 signs that your team could benefit from a corporate away day.
1. Team members have trouble with communication
One of the first signs that your team needs a corporate away day is that they are either struggling to communicate, or communicating poorly.
signs that your team needs a corporate away day communication
Improve team communication with a corporate away day
Lack of communication often means that wires get crossed and things are frequently misunderstood. Or perhaps due to poor communication, people do not feel comfortable enough to share ideas and contribute to the team.
One way to assess whether the communication in your team needs to improve is to analyse the language used. One sure sign of poor communication is the frequent use of 'no,' or 'but.' If people become defensive about their ideas, they are more likely to shut down the ideas of others with a 'no' or a 'but', causing a breakdown in collaboration and perpetuating a negative environment.
Research shows that negative communication not only creates an uncomfortable office atmosphere, but also leads to lowered employee productivity, increased employee turnover and a less profitable company.
2. Your team struggles with negativity
Another sign that your team needs a corporate away day will come from a persistent negative atmosphere or negative use of language in the workplace.
Perhaps your team are acting selfishly, they are pessimistic, or they are letting negative events outside of the workplace effect their performance and attitude at work. Negativity is particularly damaging as it can be infectious in the workplace. If one employee has a poor attitude, it can quickly spread to the rest of the team.
Negativity in the workplace often leads to absenteeism, poor performance and low morale, all of which impacts on your company's ability to deliver excellent service.
3. There is a persistent lack of clarity
Lack of clarity about the direction of the team, business goals or overall purpose can all contribute to a dysfunctional team.
Do your team meetings frequently take 2 hours rather than 10 minutes? This is a clear sign of lack of clarity within the team. If your team enters a meeting without proper planning, or without clear direction, then meetings are likely to frequently overrun. Lack of clarity also means that team members work in silos. Lack of clarity on common goals can often result in individuals focusing on their own role and responsibilities, with little idea about the roles and importance of others.
All of this not only harms communication and productivity, but also effects employee buy-in. When employees have clarity about the goals, aims and plans of the company, and even better, when they are allowed to become a part of shaping these, they are more likely to engage with work in a long-term, meaningful way.
4. There are frequent frictions between team members
Another one of the signs that your team needs a corporate away day is that there is always 'workplace drama.'
workplace drama signs that your team needs a corporate away day
Workplace drama is one of the clear signs that your team needs a corporate away day
American Society of Employers research into workplace drama shows that workplace drama can affect the company's bottom line. Employee turnover is likely to be high, productivity is likely to be low, and morale is often poor in a volatile, negative office environment.
Of course, you can never expect that all members of your team are going to get on with each other 100% of the time. However, if workplace frictions are a frequent occurrence in your office, you need to take action to resolve this issue.
5. Your team suffers from lack of accountability
Lack of accountability can be one of the clear signs that your team needs a corporate away day.
Lack of accountability can often mean that employees are unable or unwilling to admit to faults. This often makes it difficult to pinpoint why projects are delayed or completed incorrectly. But why does this mean that your team is dysfunctional?
Lack of accountability often comes from a negative team atmosphere in which employees are afraid of the consequences of admitting to a mistake. This can be a sign that your office does not have a structure in place for respectful, constructive criticism and there is a fear of a backlash occurring.
Lack of accountability often leads to delays or failures of projects, low morale, unclear priorities and diminished trust between team members.
6. Your team members aren't engaged
A lack of engagement or lack of motivation among team members can be one of the more difficult issues to notice, but once recognised is one of the most obvious signs that your team needs a corporate away day.
Employees may still be completing work on time and to a satisfactory standard. However, it is important to work out whether your team members are really engaged in the work they're doing, willing to go the extra mile, or whether they are simply completing the bare minimum.
This is detrimental to business as quite simply, disengagement costs you money. Engaged employees are more likely to work harder, complete work to a higher standard, keener to use their initiative and are more likely to remain long-term employees.
7. Team productivity is low
You should definitely consider a corporate away day if the productivity of your team is low or unsatisfactory.
Perhaps employees are struggling to hit their goals and targets, or you find that there is a lot of idle, unproductive time among your teams. Often it can be difficult to pinpoint the exact reason for this, as lack of productivity is usually a long-term, deep-rooted issue.
lack of productivity signs that your team needs a corporate away day
Lack of productivity and engagement means that your team will benefit from an away day
It goes without saying that low productivity affects the bottom line of the business, however it can also lead to low morale and high staff turnover.
Do these signs that your team needs a corporate away day resonate with you?
Cambray's training department have decades of experience in running corporate away days. Our trainers meet with team and business leaders in advance to discuss specific challenges and goals. Then they tailor the corporate away day to address the problems specific to your team.
Our away days are run in a beautiful hotel, situated in the countryside in the heart of the Cotswolds. This relaxed atmosphere provides the perfect backdrop for your team to team-build, problem solve and grow.
For more information, or to discuss how we can help with your specific requirements in more detail book a free 30-minute consultation with one of our trainers today. Alternatively, fill out the contact details below to receive a call from one of our experts.
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text:
This Article Contains information directly from the Pikmin Games. This article is based off of an Enemy/Treasure/Area/Cave/Pikmin/Character from the Pikmin series of Games.
The Treasure Gauge is an extremely useful device, it allows you to track down treasures as you near them. There is a needle that wiggles continuously when a treasure is in the field or cave that you are in, no matter if an enemy has it, or if it is buried. When you get closer to a treasure, the needle moves to the right and starts to flash and beep. When you find all the treasures in an area, or there are no treasures in the area you're in, the device will automatically turn off with an echoing beep signaling so, then the box will turn gray. If there is an Antenna Beetle in the area you're in, the box will glow purple and the needle will move around haywire, along with it making incessant beeps and strange noises due to the fact that the Beetle's wings are producing supersonic waves; if you defeat it, this will stop. To unlock this item, you'll need to get the Prototype Detector.


text:
Your donation allows Form5 to continue generating impact through its strategic pillars: Community, Research & Development, Education, and Sustainability.
- COMMUNITY: Form5 cultivates a community of individuals with limb differences through its Nub Club of Ohio. In 2024, Form5 plans to pilot more programming to connect individuals with limb differences and create environments to share experiences.
- RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT: Form5 builds interdisciplinary teams of specialists that research & develop medical and recreational devices. Form5 has a patent pending for its Bike Arm Adapter and has provided over 20 users to date with the device. Form5 plans to conduct two rounds of clinical testing in 2024.
- EDUCATION: Form5's educational programs and STEM curriculum spark social innovation, creating novel devices. Form5 hosts workshops for high school and college students. Additionally, the organization provides paid internships to 4 students a year (minimum).
- SUSTAINABILITY: Form5 is committed to organizational sustainability through its social enterprise, Difference Makers 3D, providing design and 3D printing services to other organizations. Net revenue generated from this program supports the commercialization of the Bike Arm Adapter.
Donations can also be mailed to P.O. Box 673 New Albany, Ohio 43054


AutoCAD
Frequent question: How to change mouse right click options in autocad?
The objective of the CAD-Elearning.com site is to allow you to have all the answers including the question of Frequent question: How to change mouse right click options in autocad?, and this, thanks to the AutoCAD tutorials offered free. The use of a software like AutoCAD must be easy and accessible to all.
AutoCAD is one of the most popular CAD applications used in companies around the world. This CAD software continues to be a popular and valued CAD alternative; many consider it the industry standard all-purpose engineering tool.
And here is the answer to your Frequent question: How to change mouse right click options in autocad? question, read on.
Introduction
Type options into the command line to open the Options dialogue box. Select the User Preferences tab from the top. In the Windows Standard Behaviour sections, tick the Shortcut menus in drawing area. Select the Right-click Customization… and select the Shortcut Menu for the three options, or whatever else you want.
As many you asked, how do I change the mouse settings in AutoCAD 2020?
 1. Click Raster menu Options. The Raster Design Options dialog box is displayed.
 2. Click the User Preferences tab.
 3. Under Mouse Settings, select Shift + Left Click Image Select if you want to select an image by pressing shift and clicking your left mouse button.
 4. Click OK to exit the dialog box.
Best answer for this question, how do I change mouse settings in AutoCAD?
Quick Answer, how do you add commands to the right click menu in AutoCAD? Look at the customize section. Find the shortcut menus group. Right-click on it, and click the new shortcut menu.
Considering this, how do I change the mouse settings in AutoCAD 2018? In the Customize tab, Customizations In pane, click the plus sign (+) next to the Mouse Buttons node to expand the list. Right-click a mouse button section. Click New Button. A new mouse button (named Button n) is placed at the bottom of the selected list.
 1. 1 On the status bar, rightclick the Snap Mode button and click Settings.
 2. 2 In the Drafting Settings dialog box, Snap and Grid tab, ensure that Snap On (F9) is selected.
 3. 3 Under Snap Spacing, do the following:
 4. 4 Click OK.
 5. You can specify an object snap whenever you are prompted for a point.
See also You asked: How to convert kml to autocad?
How do I change the mouse settings in AutoCAD 2021?
 1. Click Raster menu Options. The Raster Design Options dialog box is displayed.
 2. Click the User Preferences tab.
 3. Under Mouse Settings, select Shift + Left Click Image Select if you want to select an image by pressing shift and clicking your left mouse button.
 4. Click OK to exit the dialog box.
How do I change the mouse settings in AutoCAD 2022?
 1. Click Raster menu Options. The Raster Design Options dialog box is displayed.
 2. Click the User Preferences tab.
 3. Under Mouse Settings, select Shift + Left Click Image Select if you want to select an image by pressing shift and clicking your left mouse button.
 4. Click OK to exit the dialog box.
What is the function of the right click of your mouse in AutoCAD?
The right button of the mouse in AutoCAD is used for customization; to increase drawing productivity. The right button is also used as a shortcut menu.
How do I fix my cursor in AutoCAD?
 1. Click anywhere on the ribbon.
 2. Move the mouse cursor over the Viewport Controls in the upper-left corner of the drawing window.
 3. Change the visual style.
 4. Switch between model and layout tabs.
 5. Minimize and then restore AutoCAD.
 6. Close and reopen the drawing.
 7. Exit and relaunch AutoCAD.
See also How to disable z axis in autocad?
How do I customize my shortcut menu?
 1. In the Graphics window, select an item, and right-click. The mini toolbar and shortcut menu appear.
 2. Click Customize on the shortcut menu.
 3. Drag and drop the command outside the mini toolbar or shortcut menu or right-click the command, and click Remove.
Where is context menu in AutoCAD?
The so-called context menu (right-click menu) of AutoCAD appears when you select an object and press the right mouse button.
How do I create a shortcut menu in AutoCAD?
 1. To access CUI, enter "cui" in the command line and press Enter.
 2. In the command list panel type the command that you would like to assign a keyboard shortcut to.
How do I reset AutoCAD to default settings?
 1. Click Preferences under the AutoCAD menu.
 2. Click the Application tab.
 3. Click the Reset Application Options button.
 4. Click Reset AutoCAD.
How do I turn off Ortho snap in AutoCAD?
The key will toggle Ortho mode on and off. Polar tracking is similar to Ortho mode, except it simply indicates when the crosshairs are close to a vertical or horizontal angle.
How do I turn off snapping in AutoCAD?
Note: You can turn off running object snaps temporarily by holding down the F3 key as you work.
What is the difference between SNAP and osnap in AutoCAD?
snap is an incriment tool, it alows you to move work in specific increments, the increments can be chaged at any time. osnap is object snap, snaps to a specific part of an object.
How do you turn off Actrecord?
 1. Right-click and select Action Recorder > Stop.
 2. At the command prompt, enter actstop.
See also How to align objects vertically in autocad?
How do I use UCS command in AutoCAD?
To define your UCS manually, just click two points to define the orientation of the X axis. To set your UCS based on the the angle of an object in your drawing, such as a polyline, click that object. As you move the cursor up or down, you'll see a line extending 90 degrees from the object you selected.
How do you turn off dynamic input in AutoCAD?
 1. Press the F12 key to toggle Dynamic Input on and off.
 2. Change the DYNMODE variable to 1 for on, or 0 for off.
 3. Toggle the dynamic input icon in the lower-left or lower-right corner of the program:
How do I change my cursor to isometric in AutoCAD?
the SNAP button at the staus bar and select "Settings". Switch from "Isometric snap" to "Rectangular snap". Or use "SNAP" command -> Style -> Standard or Isometric. Use F5 to toggle different Isomteric views.
Conclusion:
I hope this article has explained everything you need to know about Frequent question: How to change mouse right click options in autocad?. If you have any other questions about AutoCAD software, please take the time to search our CAD-Elearning.com site, you will find several AutoCAD tutorials. Otherwise, don't hesitate to tell me in the comments below or through the contact page.
The following points are being clarified by the article:
 - How do I change the mouse settings in AutoCAD 2021?
 - How do I change the mouse settings in AutoCAD 2022?
 - How do I fix my cursor in AutoCAD?
 - Where is context menu in AutoCAD?
 - How do I reset AutoCAD to default settings?
 - How do I turn off Ortho snap in AutoCAD?
 - What is the difference between SNAP and osnap in AutoCAD?
 - How do you turn off Actrecord?
 - How do I use UCS command in AutoCAD?
 - How do I change my cursor to isometric in AutoCAD?
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text: We have analyzed periodicities in the occurrence rate of proton flares for solar cycles 19 through 21 (1955-86) and have identified two epochs that exhibit a 154-day periodicity. These epochs are a 14-year interval from 1958 January through 1971 December and a 5.5-year interval from 1978 February to 1983 August. The best-determined period is 154.6. We have found that the phase of this periodicity changed between the above-mentioned two epochs by about one half of a period. It appears that the occurrence rate of proton flares is more sensitive to the 154-day periodicity than the occurrence rate of flares selected by other criteria. Keywords: Solar activity, Sunspots, Astrophysics, Periodic variations, Proton flares, Sun.


The difference between prey drive & hunting instinct
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Barked: Mon Oct 1, '12 7:12am PST
I think prey drive is more to describe the juvenile-like way of just chasing things. No method to it, just chase.
Whereas hunting instinct is used more to describe a more methodical approach. I think someone said something similar above? Same general thing though.
Here it'd be described as prey drive given just the total carelessness about the chase.
And this is more methodical, hunting instinct. An actual attempt to catch. He actually tries. Although gets confused by the initial lack in movement. Pheasants aren't that smart. laugh out loud
I don't think that stalking always means hunting instinct nor that hunting instinct is just stalking. It's just when the dog seems to really have it thought out what he wants. He has a goal. Whereas prey drive is more just for funzies. That's my take on it anyway.
Dr. Watson
Not a wienerdawg!
Barked: Wed Oct 3, '12 12:34pm PST
In her blog, Suzanne Clothier, a marvelous writer and trainer, has an entry entitled "Drive and Brakes and Steering." I'd like to quote from it some.
"For those who find the whole notion of biting and gripping worrisome, perhaps it is easiest to think about it this way: substitute "bite" or "grip" with retrieve, herd, chase. All of these behaviors are aspects of the predatory sequence. In his books DOGS, Ray Coppinger does a wonderful job of explaining the predatory behavior chain - I often recommend his book solely for that chapter.
In our dogs, the behaviors we see are the same ones that would be seen in a wolf's predatory sequence. These behaviors are instinctive, a natural part of the canine behavioral repertoire. Perhaps most importantly, when expressed by our domestic dogs, these behaviors can show considerable deviation from the natural behavior.
Specialized breeds reflect the results of selective breeding for specific behaviors or exaggerations of some behaviors or inhibition of other behaviors.Thus herding dogs exhibit strong chase behaviors but with inhibited bite/grip and highly inhibited killing behaviors, The Border Collie's famous "eye" is a result of generations of breeding for an exaggeration of a natural behavior. Bird dogs have the bite/grip intensely inhibited, thus the desired "soft mouth." In the case of pointing breeds, the naturally occurring stalk behavior is exaggerated to become a frozen "point".
The bite/grip/grab behavior is strong in many working lines, and there is a genetic component to how the dogs grip, where they grip, what will trigger a bite or grip. For example, some dogs bite low while others come up higher -- this becomes very clear when you see dogs worked on sheep or cattle. Are they moving the animals by nipping towards their heels (thus the term "heelers")? or grabbing a hindquarter or going higher for the shoulder/neck or higher still for nose ("headers")?
For many working lines (police K9, Schutzhund, ring sport, etc), there is a tendency to bite hard and to grip with a full mouth bite that goes right to the molars. This is prized, and for good reason: in an attack situation, you want the dog bringing his entire jaw power to bear, not merely the incisors and canines (sometimes called a "bitchy" bite, a grip that is more easily dislodged). These full, hard bites are evident from an early age in puppies from these lines, just as birdy pups demonstrate a keen interest in things with feathers, and field bred retriever puppies carry things, and herding puppies respond to moving things with delight.
Selective breeding is a way of engineering a bigger engine for that behavior (or set of behaviors), so that we can easily shape those behaviors into what we want, whether that's a retrieve of a duck or sheep neatly penned. But balance is the key in any working performance. If you think of instinctive behavior as the engine that drives the dog, then the balance comes in the form of the brakes and steering and multiple gears that allow that engine to be effectively utilized to good purpose. Just as it would not be okay to let a herding dog chase sheep willy-nilly or treat a toddler like an errant ewe, it's also necessary to teach a strong biting dog what is and is not appropriate for those jaws."
I think Clothier explains this question the best. thinking
The MuddyPrincess
Barked: Wed Oct 3, '12 3:16pm PST
I think "prey drive" is something more instinctive and basic and "hunting instinct" is a modified (selectively developed) part of that drive. To me prey drive is a desire to kill things, very basic and critically important for survival. This strong instinct has been preserved in many types of dogs, both intentionally as in terriers, and not bred away from in Nordic breeds. The idea of hunting instinct is generally reserved for sporting breeds and refers to specific traits, like pointing or retrieving. These are unique traits (or parts of the prey capture sequence) that were isolated and enhanced through selective breeding.
My God-dog is a Sammy mix Brady and he has a huge prey drive. I was walking him once with my two pups and my guys who were off leash found an opossum, my Selli just wanted to sniff it and my Duff, a Sheltie Mix, barked at it. I went over with Brady on a leash (because I know how he is), to stop Duffy from barking, and I got one step too close and that was the end of the opossum. I have a friend who has a Brittany Cooper who one day brought her an opossum and dropped it in front of her. She thought the opossum was dead but she saw it run off a few minutes later. Brady had the desire to kill the opossum while Cooper just had the desire to bring it to her.
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Carefree is a town in Maricopa County, Arizona. According to 2010 Census Bureau estimates, the population of the town is 3,363.
Carefree has a desert climate with hot summers and mild winters. There are 144 days annually with highs of at least 90 °F (32 °C), 68 days of at least 100 °F (38 °C), and six freezing nights per year.
The median income for a household in the town was $88,702, and the median income for a family was $105,699. Males had a median income of $61,050 versus $38,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $62,433. About 2.0% of families and 3.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.2% of those under the age of 18 and 3.2% of those 65 and older.


text: This work presents the analysis of the deterministic part of human colour perception at the computational, algorithmic and implementation levels. At the computational and algorithmic levels, we invoke the theory of Fuzzy sets. At the implementation level, we present Biologically Inspired Photochromic Fuzzy Logic (BIPFUL) systems that are useful to discriminate between the three regions of the UV spectrum (UV-A, UV-B and UV-C). Such BIPFUL systems have been devised by imitation of the human photosensitive system on retina. After transforming the absorption spectra, originated by the BIPFUL systems under UV-A, UV-B and UV-C, in chromaticity coordinates and vectors in CIE L*a*b* spaces, we have compared their performances through the determination of two parameters: The Colourability and the Eucledian distance. Finally, the guiding principles for the design of new BIPFUL systems are outlined.


text:
Subject and Keywords:
This article offers an analysis of current Polish economic administration under a new situation resulting from the establishment and operation of the European Union. Economic administration is an element of a public authority system, and its functions and place in society are determined by legal order. Poland's membership in the European Union, together with the previous adjustment period, has considerably changed our economic administration. This analysis concludes that the impact of the Union acquis on Polish economic administration is a process which should be carefully observed by academics and practitioners alike.


text:
is a verb and noun pertaining to distortion and twisting, and to lines and ropes used in the contexts below.
Warp may refer to:
Ships and aircraft
- Wing warping, a manner of controlling the roll of an aeroplane
- Warp drive, the faster-than-light movement in science fiction, as used in Star Trek.
- Warping (sailing), a slow method of moving a boat in still waters or against the wind
- OS/2, where version 3.0 was known as Warp
- WARP (software), a product for IBM mainframes to improve performance from APT International - a former Monaco based company
- Warp (Cypress), a VHDL Cypress development system for CPLD
- WARP (Information Security), from the acronym for Warning, advice and reporting point
- Warp (MT of SM Unit), a Shader Multiprocessor architecture.
- A warp is a Multithreaded SIMT Architecture of the MT (Multithreadead Instruction unit ) that is part of the SM (Shader Multiprocessors) in the GPU design.
- WARP Services / WARP Robotics.com, Working Automated Robotic Products is a automation company that put to motion anything. From wheel chairs to systematizing motion automated guided vehicles, with laser navigation.
Books and comics
- Warp (weaving) the set of lengthwise threads attached to a loom
- Image warping, the process of distorting an image digitally
- Revealed preference, from the acronym for Weak Axiom of Revealed Preferences
- Warp, a brand of energy mints
- WARP, USAID's West African Regional Program
warp : in term of textile warp is the verticle thread in fabric.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
A graph has a path from node $j$ to node $i$ if and only if its adjacency matrix has a positive element $(i,j)$ of $A^k$ for some integer $k.$
A proof for this statement will be highly appreciated.
share|improve this question
3 Answers 3
Hint. In fact there are $A_{ij}^m$ walks of length at most $m$ from $i$ to $j$. The inductive proof of this is pretty much identical to the one you're asking asking for, and your question follows a corollary.
Hint 2. Use $A_{ij}^m=\sum_{k=1}^n A_{ik}^{m-1}A_{kj}$.
share|improve this answer
I think you mean walks of length exactly $m$. – Erick Wong Mar 10 '13 at 16:35
You may prove by mathematical induction. The base case is trivial. For the $k$-th iteration, note that $(A^k)_{ij}\not=0$ iff $(A^{k-1})_{i\ell}$ and $A_{\ell j}$ are both nonzero for some index $\ell$.
share|improve this answer
You can prove by induction. See Section 2.1 of this
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Your Answer


text:
Impact and Reporting Manager, Food and Land Use Coalition
Catherine Jarman is the Impact and Reporting Manager of the Food and Land Use Coalition at World Resources Institute.
Most recently Catherine worked as a Researcher at the Sustainable Food Trust focused on localised food systems. Prior to this she was a Product Owner for an initiative encouraging UK farmers to improve soil health by utilizing on-farm fertility sources. Catherine also worked as an NGO Program Coordinator in Istanbul, developing a range of initiatives to support those displaced by the conflicts in Syria, the Middle East, and the North Africa Region.
Catherine holds a BSc in Physical Geography from the University of Leeds, specialising in soil amendments, and has recently completed a University of Cambridge Institute of Sustainable Leadership course in Sustainable Food.
Food and Land Use Coalition
A community of organizations and individuals committed to the urgent need for food and land use transformation to create a healthier planet and healthier people.Part of Food


text:
Main Article Content
Tabebuia serratifolia is an arboreal species, widely distributed in Brazil, with high economical and ornamental value. Its propagation is made by seeds dispersion and little is known about the methodology to evaluate its seeds physiological quality. Therefore, this work studied types of appropriate substrate and temperatures for running the germination test of Tabebuia serratifolia under laboratory condition. The germination test was carried out using two seed lots (harvest of 1998 and 1999), two types of substrates(blotter and sand) under different temperature regimes (ranging from 15 to 35oC on a termogradient table, and an oscillating regime 20-30oC in a BOD incubator) with photoperiod of 12 hours. The evaluation was made daily and the results expressed as percentage and index of germination speed.The results showed that the seed germination was higher at temperatures in the 25 to 35oC range, being quicker at 30oC. Under temperature oscillating from 20 to 30oC, germination was not favored. Regarding to the substrate both sand and blotter were promising to be used in the germination test in the optimal range of temperature.


text:
What's That Smell? Algae Bloom Causing 'Musty' Smelling Water
A blue green algae bloom in Lake Austin may lead to "musty" or "earthy" smelling and tasting water for some Austinites says Austin Water, the utility responsible for city water treatment and distribution.
Jason Hill, a spokesman for Austin Water, said there is no way to know what parts of the city might receive the water, but that the strange smell does not effect its safety.
Austin Water discovered high levels of the algae in routine samples of the city's raw water. Hill said the company is adding powdered carbon to its treatment process to try and counteract the algae's scent and flavor.
"It takes a very small amount to cause this taste and odor," he said.
Hill says the bloom is a naturally occurring presence prompted by recent weather.
"It's a result of the weather conditions," he said. "We are in the summer months so the higher temperatures make a difference."


text: The report gives results of a study of the volatilization of lubricants used in steel rolling. Data from nine steel mills were used to: define the volatilized portion of lubricants used in rolling; and prepare total oil, grease, and hydraulic material balances for actual and typical cold and hot rolling operations. Air Pollution from cold and hot rolling was estimated from data acquired from questionnaires, plant visits, and emission source sampling. Introductory and background information on steel rolling, lubrication practices, rolling mill lubricants, and rolling emulsion application techniques is also presented. Study results generally agree with those of a previous study which estimated that for a typical integrated steel plant, with a raw steel production capacity of 3.6 million metric tons per year, 6530 metric tons per year of oils, greases. and hydraulic fluids are used throughout the plant. Since about 83% of these lubricants are used in steel rolling and finishing, this study concentrated on these operations. For a typical cold strip mill, total hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were estimated to be 358 metric tons per year. Therefore, the total HC emission rate for all cold strip mills in the U.S. is an estimated 7160 metric tons per year. It was also estimated that for a typical hot strip mill, total HC emissions were 94.7 metric tons per year (2460 metric tons per year for all US hot strip mills).


How to find a specific text in DOCX document using C# and .NET
 1. Add SautinSoft.Document from Nuget.
 2. Load a DOCX document.
 3. Find a specific text.
 4. Count all matches.
How to count how many times a specific text 'Tom' appears in the document.
Complete code
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using SautinSoft.Document;
namespace Example
{
 class Program
 {
 static void Main(string[] args)
 {
 // Get your free 30-day key here:
 // _URL_
 FindText();
 }
 /// <summary>
 /// Find a specific text in DOCX document.
 /// </summary>
 /// <remarks>
 /// Details: _URL_
 /// </remarks>
 static void FindText()
 {
 string filePath = @"..\..\..\example.docx";
 DocumentCore dc = DocumentCore.Load(filePath);
 string searchText = "document";
 int count = dc.Content.Find(searchText).Count();
 Console.WriteLine("The text: \"" + searchText + "\" - was found " + count.ToString() + " time(s).");
 Console.ReadKey();
 }
 }
}
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Imports System
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Linq
Imports SautinSoft.Document
Module Sample
 Sub Main()
 FindText()
 End Sub
 ''' Get your free 30-day key here:
 ''' _URL_
 ''' <summary>
 ''' Find a specific text in DOCX document.
 ''' </summary>
 ''' <remarks>
 ''' Details: _URL_
 ''' </remarks>
 Sub FindText()
 Dim filePath As String = "..\..\..\example.docx"
 Dim dc As DocumentCore = DocumentCore.Load(filePath)
 Dim searchText As String = "document"
 Dim count As Integer = dc.Content.Find(searchText).Count()
 Console.WriteLine("The text: """ & searchText & """ - was found " & count.ToString() & " time(s).")
 Console.ReadKey()
 End Sub
End Module
Download
If you need a new code example or have a question: email us at _EMAIL_ or ask at Online Chat (right-bottom corner of this page) or use the Form below:
Questions and suggestions from you are always welcome!
We are developing .Net components since 2002. We know PDF, DOCX, RTF, HTML, XLSX and Images formats. If you need any assistance with creating, modifying or converting documents in various formats, we can help you. We will write any code example for you absolutely free.


Old School
*Since 2021*
Welcome to Old School CAFÉ
Literally: Old \' ōld, 'ōl\ 1. dating from the remote past, advanced in years or age AND School \'skül \ 1. an institution for the teaching of children.
The building at 196 N Main St was built around 1870 as an early primary school, School #1, for the Naples village children. It has served many purposes since that time, including library, office, retail, residence…Our intent was to restore the Old School vibe, celebrating its earliest history with original photos and classroom artifacts, both reproduced and authentic!
Merriam-Webster: Old School \'ol(d)-,skül\ 1. adhering to traditional policies or practices 2. evocative or characteristic of an earlier or original style, manner, or form
Urban Dictionary: Old-school 1. anything that refers to a previous generation; back in the day. 2. the way things used to be done; classic
Best Will Ferrel movie EVER! Just kidding…Old School today is a pop-culture phrase meaning something done in ways of the past, and thus given credibility, or highly regarded or respected. We make old school espresso, homespun baked goods, classic cocktails and cooked to order food that focuses on superior ingredients and traditional methods. What's an immersion circulator? Who cares – we don't use one!
café or ca•fe [ ka-fey, kuhor French ka-fey ]
noun, plural ca•fés [ka-feyz, kuhor, especially for 2, French ka-fey]
a small, unpretentious restaurant, often with exterior seating on a patio or extending onto the sidewalk.
Good food is the foundation of genuine happiness.
- Auguste Escoffier
Why Old School?
In the modern culinary world, the dining experience has evolved in many ways. Our goal is to return to a meal that is reminiscent, familiar and accessible. Food everyone understands, in an atmosphere where everyone feels welcome…
Join our email list
for updates on the café, events and specials


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am using the following to customise my footline, but it does not seem to change the height of the footline. What am I missing
{\begin{beamercolorbox}[wd=\paperwidth,ht=2.25ex,dp=1.5cm, leftskip=.3cm,rightskip=.3cm plus1fill]{author in head/foot}%
 {\large \url{_URL_}}
share|improve this question
While code snippets are helpful, it is best to add a minimal working example (MWE) that illustrates your problem. To do so, edit your post and add the relevant content. – Werner Dec 23 '11 at 16:03
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1 Answer
You can use the \fontsize{size}{skip} command, where size is your desired fontsize, and skip is the distance between lines (multiplied by \baselineskip)
The height of footline is computed to fit the font. Is this what you want?
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer


text:
What is Influence and what is it used for?
Influence is granted by the apartments in your cities and determines the number of troops you can train.
To see your current Influence, click on one of your apartments in your Neighborhood view. In the apartment screen, there is a tab located at the top labeled 'Influence'.
In the Influence section you can see your total Influence and how that total is achieved through the apartments in your cities. Higher level apartments will give you more Influence and allow you to train more troops at once.
In your Hideout, you can see the required amount of Influence required to train a unit.


text:
- Built in 1933, Thao Suranari Monument was built in the memory of the Thai Heroine 'Khunying Mo' who is also popularly known as Yo Mo. This grand monument is built over her ashes and has a 1.85 metres high statue holding a sword and facing the city of Bangkok. Every year people offer prayers to this lady known for her valor who was honored the title of Thao Suranari by King Rama III on the success in the battle against Chao Anuwong. The Thao Suranaree Fair is celebrated every year to commemorate her victory and most residents of the city and nearby villagers flock here to seek her blessings.
- © wcities.com 2013


Dogs kill swans more often than swans kill dogs, experts say
Interfering with swans during nesting season is a criminal offence
Swans are fiercely protective parents and they see a dog as a predator
Every year there are several reports of swans being killed by dogs - but it is virtually unheard of for a swan to kill a dog, according to Birdwatch Ireland.
In the aftermath of an incident in Bushy Park on Saturday, in which a dog was killed by a swan, experts have moved to reassure the public that not only are such attacks highly improbable, they only happen when there is a perceived threat to young cygnets.
In the incident at the weekend, a cocker spaniel was swimming in the duck pond in Bushy Park, Terenure near a group of swans and cygnets when an adult swan broke away and attacked the dog, killing it.
"[Swans] are fiercely protective parents and they see a dog as a predator," explained Niall Hatch of Birdwatch Ireland.
"It's important that swans are given peace and quiet around the nesting season (which occurs during the summer months)."
In Ireland the most common swan type is the Mute swan, which are largely well accustomed to humans, whom they associate with food. By comparison the migrant Whooper and Bewick's swans are unlikely to interact.
Male Mutes grow up to 20 kilograms in size, about as large as possible for a flying bird, and they can strike out with their wings. Before doing so, however, they will hiss a warning to steer clear, generally in defence of their cygnets or nests.
Mr Hatch said his organisation receives about four to five reports every summer of swans being killed by dogs but he has never heard of it happening the other way round.
Measured response
Not only are swans a protected species, but it is a criminal offence under the Wildlife Act to interfere with them during the nesting season.
Eric Dempsey, bird expert and author, said a measured response is required to Saturday's attack - both to alert the public to the fact young cygnets are in the water, and to ward off any extreme reaction.
Although swan attacks, similar to those of seagulls, make headlines when they occur, they are considered extremely rare and are an aspect of natural protective behaviour.
"A swan would see a dog as a perceived threat, as a predator. Any animal will protect their babies," said Mr Dempsey. Dogs, experts say, should be kept out of the water during the summer months if swans are in the area.
Mr Dempsey stressed the birds are defensive, not aggressive, and will readily lead their young to humans in order to receive food. Any approach to their nest, however, can provoke a response.
A blow from a swan's wing is similar to getting slapped, said Mr Dempsey, who has himself been on the receiving end while working with the birds.
"There is a myth that swans will break your arm - I have never met or heard of a person who had their arm broken by a swan."
Attacks are rare, at least in terms of public reporting, but when cases do emerge they capture the public interest and are widely reported.
In 2001, 71-year-old Mary Ryan from Dublin lost her compensation claim against the State when she was beaten to the ground and battered by a swan in the Phoenix Park. She broke her wrist in the incident.
Ms Ryan said that having fed the swan, she heard a fluttering of wings behind her. "When I turned around I couldn't believe what I was seeing. He was coming for me. He knocked me to the ground," she said. "He continued to aggressively beat my legs and tried to peck me in the head."
In a case in the US in 2012, Anthony Hensley (37) drowned in Chicago after being knocked from his kayak by a swan, which then stopped him swimming ashore.
"It [WAS] presumably a male swan and it's presumably paired, and it's set up home for the spring," Chris Perrins, a retired Oxford ornithologist, told the BBC at the time. "It's going to defend that territory."
In 2014 there were reports of a swan, subsequently named Asbo, attacking boats and flying directly at humans on the River Cam in Cambridge.
However, despite the potential for such behaviour, Dr Michael Brooke of the University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge said the birds pose "no danger at all" to adult humans.
"I suppose it could be an issue for elderly people or a two-year old, but if you see your child in danger you can just pick them up and walk away," he said.
"People think of them as intimidating because they have a wide wingspan, but then some people are intimidated by spiders in the bath."


text:
The Charters Towers Regional Council administers and maintains seven (7) cemeteries within the Region. They are the Lynd Highway Cemetery and Pioneer Cemetery (Charters Towers), Mingela Cemetery, Ravenswood Cemetery, Pentland Cemetery, Sellheim Cemetery and Greenvale Cemetery.
The Lynd Highway Cemetery was established in 1895. It is the resting place for a number of interesting local characters, including Jupiter Mossman who, as the local lore has it, was one of the party that discovered gold in Charters Towers; Doctor Leonard Redmond, who discovered Australian Dengue Fever; Frederick Pfeiffer, owner of the rich Day Dawn PC Mine and James Knenniff, who was the last bushranger in Queensland.
Council maintains a Register of Burials for each of its Cemeteries. The Register of Burials for Charters Towers (including Pioneer Cemetery) is available, however for each of the other Cemeteries, please contact Council for burial information.
Council cannot guarantee the current listing of headstones/memorials is up to date.
For further headstone/memorial information, contact Charters Towers Archives or the Charters Towers Family History Association Incorporated, who aim to promote and preserve research into local and family history for the benefit of the community.
- Application for Grave (PDF, 62kb)
- Application for Reservation or Niche in Local Government Cemetery (PDF, 62kb)
- Application for Monumental Works (PDF, 66kb)


Calum Stirling
Image: Remote Village,
Copyright the artist 2019
Calum Stirling - Makrolab: - research footage
Landstylus: Survey#2
A single screen video work for cello, prepared score and CGI animation.
Cello: Sonia Cromarty
A project initiated as part of the Makrolab residency in 2002 to explore if topography can be played like the surface of a record and what might that landscape sound like? Whilst on residency at Makrolab the artist worked with a 20km square map around Glen Tilt in the Scottish Highlands. Translating it into a soundmap which could be 'driven' around using a software 'Landrover', the landstylus. Sound in this case is being harnesses as the interpretative voice to discover whether the shape of actual landforms can indeed generate a some or any of the parameters commonly associated with an emotive language such as music. The project was part inspired by the aptly named 'Hill and Dale' audio recording process pioneered by Edison in 1910.
Makrolab >


text:
|Dutch Oven Cooking, Recipes and More|
Soldiers cooked their own food in pots, kettles, Dutch ovens, grills, and broilers. Families often accompanied their men into the field. Women assisted with cooking, sewing, washing clothes, and tending the sick. Children carried firewood or water.
Both British and American officers brought their own home necessities, such as tea strainers, that they used to ease the hardships of battle. Each man supplied his own utensils. These included a spoon, cup, fork, knife, and wood or metal plate. Strong spirits were usually provided.
Now it appears dutch ovens cooking has made a comeback.
Learn more at our dutch oven resource below.


Taipei City Government LOGO
 - Print
 - Forward
 - Go Back
Exhibition/ Recreation/ Sports
Why is the air conditioning not always on? At what temperatures is it turned on?
In response to a Taipei City Government directive aimed at saving energy, the Library maintains a temperature of 26-28 degrees centigrade. The temperature is adjusted depending on the number of visitors and temperature changes. If you feel hot in the Library, you are welcome to inform one of our clerks.
 - Hit: 7112
 - Updated: 2011/4/20 16:55
 - Reviewed: 2015/7/16 10:07
 - Source: Taipei Public Library


Saturday, May 20, 2017
Decrypting a SAML Assertion in OpenSAML v3
As you probably should know at this point, the SAML Assertion contains the description of a authenticated user and how it was autheunticitoted. The assertion is generally signed to prevent manipulation but there are also cases where you would want to encrypt the assertion to prevent someone to see the information within. For example the assertion can be used to communicate personal information about the user such as social security number and adress.
As most people reading my blog seem to be on the SP side of SAML I will explain how to decrypt an assertion.
The general method of encryption and subsequent decryption of a assertion uses two keys, one symetric and on asymetric.
The symtric key is generated during encryption and used to encrypt the actual assertion data. A asymetric key, generally a SP key contained in the metadata, is then used to encrypt the symetric key which is then stored in the XML together with the ecrypted assertion.
To decrypt the reverse of this is done. The asymmetric is used to decrypt the symmetric key, which is then used to decrypt the assertion.
Now for the OpenSAML part.
First we get the assertion from the XML. The assertion is stored in a EncryptedAssertion object and is retrieved with the method getEncryptedAssertions() on the response instead of getAssertions() which is used otherwise.
StaticKeyInfoCredentialResolver keyInfoCredentialResolver = new StaticKeyInfoCredentialResolver(SPCredentials.getCredential());
Decrypter decrypter = new Decrypter(null, keyInfoCredentialResolver, new InlineEncryptedKeyResolver());
In this example a StaticKeyInfoCredentialResolver is used to point out the key that is used for decryption, in this case I have stored it in the static class SPCredentials. The InlineEncryptedKeyResolver is used to tell the decryptor that the symmetric encryption key can be found in the XML next to the encrypted assertion.
The decryptor returns a decrypted Assertion object.
Some NameID value
 1. Hi Stefan,
 I have bought your book and with the help of that, i could integrate my web application using openSaml version 3.
 Now i have a different use case to implement, my company has a desktop application implemented in.Net, we want to enable SAML based sso for this application as well, i googled various sources but neither helped me. So we have arrived at our ow n idea to implement this.
 With the help of the already implemented web app, we are going to open an embedded browser from desktop which calls the url in which we create SAML request, once the IDP responds back with assertions we will return an loginid to the desktop app to authenticate. I will use the same saml request servlet and saml response consumer servlet for both web app and desktop, but for desktop i will redirect to another servlet which writes loginid in servlet response. So basic thing i need is a way to send a saml resuest with an identifier identifies application and the same identifier responed back by IDP in Saml response ( may be SAML request with assertion attribute and the same returned by IDP in saml response)
 WebAPP --> SAML request xml (without identifier )--> SAML repsonse(without identifier) <--IDP
 Desktop --> WebApp --> (SAML request xml (with identifier as from desktop ) --> SAML response ((with identifier as from desktop) <--- IDP
 Here the identifier may be custom assertion/any saml request attribute which can be send as it is from IDP in response
 1. Sound like you could set a RelayState parameter on the SAML request URL going out. This should be echoed back in the response.
 However you should think twice on you acrobatics with the second servlet where you take in a assertion and return user id in the servlet response.
 If you blindly trust what is returned in the response it might be easy to by pass the authentication by just inserting another user id.
 2. Thanks Stefan,I will try relaystate and let you know. By the way the loginid mentioned is not user ID it's a n encrypted id which includes various other parameters which is specific to application
 3. Hi Stefan,
 I bought your book yesterday and following it with the sample project given in the book as well. Could you please let me know if there is a separate book from IDP point since it's not covered here. If not any other sources, sample projects you can redirect me to is greatly appreciated
 1. Hi, Im sorry, I do not have any other book on the subject and Im not aware of any sample project. Sorry hope you find what you need
 4. Hi Stefan -- I'm using this sample code to decrypt an assertion from okta and it's not working out. would you have any advice?
 1. oh - got it solved by using a chaining resolver. though I'm not fully sure what happened.
 2. I have a similar issue on my system on my unit tests. I changed it to add the chaining resolver, but I still have the same error. Are you using the same key for both encryption and decryption like Stefan's example on the book?


text:
Australian Word Map
[This is the print version of story _URL_
Australian English has two classes of regional words. For some items, speakers must use a regional term because there is no word that is used all over Australia. For example, there is no word used everywhere in Australia for the type of sausage known variously as Belgium sausage, Byron sausage, devon, Empire sausage, fritz, German sausage, luncheon sausage, polony, Strasburg, and Windsor sausage.
For other items there is a word used everywhere in Australia, but there is also a regional word.
The map below indicates the Word Map Regional Language Divisions numbered 1 through to 27:
Map of Australia
« Rollover anywhere on the map to highlight the Australian Word Map Regional Language Divisions.
Here is the list of Word Map Regional Language Divisions. Rollover the region names to highlight the corresponding area on the map.
© 2013 Australian Broadcasting Corporation
Copyright information: _URL_
Privacy information: _URL_


SW Legal Educational Publishing
Direct Link to Physical Injury Not Needed to Prove Emotional Distress
Description Iowa high court held that in a case in which a driver suffered physical injury and later emotional trauma from a traffic accident, expert testimony was needed to show emotional distress, but for there to be recovery there does not need to be a direct link between the physical injury suffered and the emotional distress.
Topic Torts
Key Words Emotional Distress; Physical Injury
C A S E S U M M A R Y
Facts Roling, the driver of a semi-truck, suffered broken ribs and other injuries when a car crossed the center line and ran into his truck. The two occupants of the car were both killed. Roling was depressed by the accident and kept having flashbacks to seeing the mangled bodies. He saw a psychologist for two years. He sued the estates of the deceased for causing the accident for his physical injury and emotional distress. The jury awarded him $151,186, but the judge overturned the verdict, holding that he did not show there was a relationship between his physical injuries and the emotional distress, nor did he have expert testimony to prove his physical injuries. Roling appealed.
Decision Reversed. In such a case, the plaintiff does not have to have an expert witness testify as to the fact of his physical injuries; the record on that was clear. In cases claiming emotional distress, expert testimony at trial is required. Damages for negligent infliction of emotional distress are usually denied unless accompanied by some physical injury. Testimony of the psychologist that the accident caused depression and other mental problems was sufficient to establish a causal connection between the negligence of the other party and Roling's emotional injuries. The emotional distress recovery is not for observing the horrifying aftermath of the accident, but for the later emotional condition caused by the accident.
Citation Roling v. Daily, 596 N.W.2d 72 (Sup. Ct., Iowa, 1999)
Back to Torts Listings
©_PHONE_ South-Western, All Rights Reserved


Fractional Repeat counts?
From: John Navil Joseph
Date: Fri, 23 Jul 2004 11:58:10 +0530
To: _EMAIL_
Message-ID:
SMIL 2.0 supports fractional repeat counts (ex. repeatCount = "0.75").
Consider the following example.
I suppose that the standard assumes that the intrinsic duration of
is available beforehand for this to work correctly. But on small hand held
devices it may be very expensive to calculate the exact intrinsic duration
of the
streams. (especially for elementary streams as that of MPEG4, AAC).
How does the standard expect the SMIL players to deal with these
situations in which
the intrinsic duration of the media objects is simply "unknown"?
Received on Friday, 23 July 2004 02:37:04 UTC


11.4. Installing and running Sphinx (building the PRRTE docs)
As with all content in the Developer's Guide, this section is only relevant for developers who work in the PRRTE code base itself. End users who install a binary PRRTE package or build from an official PRRTE distribution tarball do not need to have Sphinx installed.
11.4.1. Installing Python
The Sphinx tool is written in Python, and therefore needs to have Python available. As of late 2022, Sphinx requires Python >= v3.7.
This documentation does not contain detailed instructions for installing a Python version sufficient for using Sphinx. Consult your local OS documentation for how to obtain Python >= v3.7, or search the internet for further information.
11.4.2. Installing Sphinx
The Sphinx documentation recommends installing Sphinx (and its required Python dependencies) via pip, which typically requires connectivity to the general internet.
Note
If you are running on MacOS, you may be tempted to use Homebrew or MacPorts to install Sphinx. The Sphinx documentation recommends against this. Instead, you should use pip to install Sphinx.
There are three general ways to install Sphinx; you only need one of them.
11.4.2.1. Install Sphinx in a Python virtual environment
The preferred method of installing Sphinx for PRRTE documentation development is to install Sphinx in a Python virtual environment. This places Sphinx in a sandbox that will not conflict with other pip-installed Python modules. This example installs Sphinx and other Python modules in the ompi-docs-venv tree under your PRRTE Git clone directory:
# Create the Python virtual environment
shell$ cd TOP_OF_PRRTE_GIT_CLONE
shell$ python3 -m venv ompi-docs-venv
# Or: python3 -m virtualenv ompi-docs-venv
# Or: virtualenv --python=python3 ompi-docs-venv
# Activate the virtual environment
shell$ . ./ompi-docs-venv/bin/activate
# Notice that the shell prompt changes
# Now install the required Python modules
(ompi-docs-venv) shell$ pip3 install -r docs/requirements.txt
# Or: python3 -m pip install install -r docs/requirements.txt
Note that sourcing the activate script will change your prompt to put the name of your virtual environment directory at the front, just as a visual reminder that you are operating in a Python virtual environment. You can run deactivate to leave the virtual environment.
Important
You will need to source the activate script to put Sphinx in your PATH before running configure.
11.4.2.2. Install Sphinx globally
If Python virtual environments are not desirable on your system, you can install Sphinx globally on your system (you may need to run with root privileges):
shell$ cd TOP_OF_PRRTE_GIT_CLONE
shell$ pip3 install -r docs/requirements.txt
# Or: python3 -m pip install install -r docs/requirements.txt
This will install Sphinx and some Python modules required for building the PRRTE documentation in a system-wide location.
This will likely install the sphinx-build executable in a location that is already in your PATH. If the location is not already in your PATH, then you need to add it to your PATH.
Important
You will need to ensure that Sphinx is in your PATH before running configure.
11.4.2.3. Install Sphinx locally
If you cannot or do not want to install Sphinx globally on your system, the following will install Sphinx somewhere under your $HOME. It is the same pip command as shown above, but with the addition of the --user flag (you should not need root permissions to run this command):
shell$ cd TOP_OF_PRRTE_GIT_CLONE
shell$ pip3 install --user -r docs/requirements.txt
# Or: python3 -m pip install install -r docs/requirements.txt
This will install Sphinx and some Python modules required for building the PRRTE documentation in a system-wide location.
You will likely need to find the location where sphinx-build was installed and add it to your PATH.
Note
On MacOS, look for sphinx-build under $HOME/Library/Python/VERSION/bin (where VERSION is the version number of Python). Or it may have installed to /usr/local/bin/sphinx-build. YMMV.
Important
You will need to ensure that Sphinx is in your PATH before running configure.
11.4.3. Running Sphinx
PRRTE's build environment is setup to invoke Sphinx automatically; you should not need to invoke Sphinx manually.
Important
You will need to ensure that Sphinx is in your PATH before running configure.
As long as configure found Sphinx, make will invoke Sphinx to build the documentation. You can also run make directly in the docs/ directory to build just the docs and skip building the rest of the PRRTE software. This can be a huge time-saver when iteratively writing, rendering, and viewing/proofing documentation.
Note
The fully-built HTML and man page docs are included in official PRRTE distribution tarballs. Meaning: if you download an official distribution PRRTE tarball, the pre-built HTML and man page files are included in the tarball.
Sphinx is a requirement for developers who want to build the PRRTE docs. End users do not need to have Sphinx available to build PRRTE or have its docs installed from an official distribution tarball.
11.4.3.1. Sphinx execution time
Sphinx is stateful: subsequent runs can be significantly faster because Sphinx will only re-render HTML files that have changes. This is a nice time saver for PRRTE (e.g., if you are iterating over writing the docs and running make to see how they rendered in HTML).
Caution
Sphinx is only somewhat smart in its partial re-rendering. If you change a title in an RST file, for example, Sphinx will (by default) only re-render that page. The Tables of Contents / left hand navigation on other pages may not be updated.
You can always force a full re-render via:
shell$ cd docs
shell$ rm -rf _build
shell$ make
11.4.3.3. Viewing docs locally
Once you have built the docs in your local Git clone, you can view them locally in the build tree:
 1. Open docs/_build/html/index.html in a browser to view the HTML docs. For example, on MacOS, the following command opens the build tree docs in the default web browser:
 shell$ open docs/_build/html/index.html

 2. Use the man command to view the Nroff files in docs/_build/man (you may need to use an absolute or relative filename to prevent man from using its search paths). For example:
 shell$ cd docs/_build/man
 shell$ man ./prterun.1

Alternatively, you can view these files in their installed locations after running make install:
 1. The HTML docs are installed (by default) to $prefix/share/doc/prte/html. You can use a web browser to open the index.html in that directory to view the docs locally. For example, on MacOS, the following command opens the installed docs in the default web browser:
 shell$ open $prefix/share/doc/prte/html/index.html

 2. The man pages are installed (by default) to $preix/share/man. If your man page search path includes this location, you can invoke commands similar to the following to see the same content that you see in these HTML pages:
 shell$ man prterun


text:
An Assay of DNA by Resonance Light Scattering Technique and its Application in Screening Anticancer Drugs
In this contribution, a novel assay has been developed to detect the interaction between DNA and drugs using ethidium bromide (EB) as a probe based on the decreased resonance light scattering (RLS) technique. It was found that, in pH 2.0 Britton-Robinson buffer solution, EB underwent dramatic enhancement of RLS signal when binding to DNA. Additionally, the strong RLS signal of the EB-DNA system was remarkably decreased after the addition of DNA-targeted anticancer drugs. The results showed a linear relationship between the enhanced RLS intensity of the EB-DNA system and concentration of DNA in the range of 0.015-40.8 μg mL -1. The linear regression equation is represented as follows: ΔI RLS = 4.15 + 21.14c with regression coefficient r = 0.9970 (n = 10). The detection limit was 0.3 ng mL -1. Only 2.0 × 10 -8 mol L -1 was selected as the optimum EB concentration in this assay. Further study demonstrated that the anticancer efficacy of anticancer drugs varied inversely with RLS intensity of the EB-DNA-drug system. So, it is intuitive to see the sequence of antitumor efficiency of anticancer drugs without data processing by RLS screening spectra. Compared with the traditional cell-based screening methods, the proposed method was more convenient, rapid and intuitive. The reaction mechanism is discussed. © 2012 The Royal Society of Chemistry.