in the hero area when not viewing a video. If you'd like to disable this without modifying the text, use noDescription=true.
The default value is false.
noHeroCta
A "Start Watching" button appears by default in the hero area when a video is not playing. Set noHeroCta=true to remove this button.
The default value is false.
noTitle
By default, a Channel has a title that appears in the hero area when not viewing a video. If you'd like to disable this without modifying the text, use noTitle=true.
The default value is false.
overlayZIndex
When a channel sets mode=popover, it will launch an overlay that is intended to appear over all other elements on your site. Also, when you launch a video, it appears in another overlay that must be above the channel.
If you find that some elements of your site, such as floating headers or social widgets, appear over your channel, you can set this to a higher value, e.g. overlayZIndex=100000. Or if there are certain elements you want to appear on top of it, you can set it to a lower value, e.g. overlayZIndex=500.
The default value is 10000.
playlistLoop
Set playlistLoop=true so that, when all a Channel's videos have been played through, it will loop back to the first one.
routeDataToUrl
A function for use with routeStrategy=custom. Refer to routeStrategy for example usage.
The routeData argument will be an Object that may include wchannelid and wvideoid properties. If wchannelid is set, that channel is open. If wvideoid is set, that video is open.
{
 routeDataToUrl: function (currentUrl, routeData) {
 return modifyUrlToIncludeRouteData(currentUrl, routeData);
 }
}
routeStrategy
This option chooses between a few supported methods for reading and writing the URL, as it pertains to Channel routing.
The default value is query-params.
query-params
This is the default. It will read and write these query params:
 - wchannelid
 - wvideoid
anchor-params
Use routeStrategy=anchor-params to set values that look like query params, but they will appear in the page's anchor tag. You can use this if your client-side routing cannot deal with the presence of arbitrary query params, and you do not want to use the history object to make it compatible.
Note that setting routeStrategy=anchor-params will cause the Channel to not be indexable by search engines like Google.
path
Use routeStrategy=path to update and parse the URL using friendly paths that appear native to your site. The format looks like:
_URL_
That is, the last two path parts, if they begin with channel- and video-, are used to determine the channel ID and video ID.
NOTE: We may add support for friendly name routing at the end of the URL, e.g.
_URL_
The routeStrategy=path option is not compatible with most sites' routing code out of the box, which is why this should only be considered for customers with advanced technical resources. To support this, you will need to add special routing rules. For example:
/my/blog/* -> /my/blog
Or if you wanted to support Channels with this route strategy site-wide:
/(.*?)/channel-(.*) -> $1
That is, path parts past /my/blog should also route to /my/blog. This lets our scripts handle the channel routing on the client side.
custom
Use routeStrategy=custom if you want to have complete control over how routes are interpreted and set. If routeStrategy=custom is set, we expect two more functions to be passed as embed options: routeDataToUrl and urlToRouteData. Because these embed options are functions, they must be passed using _wcq.
window._wcq = window._wcq || [];
window._wcq.push({
 id: '_all',
 options: {
 foo: 'bar',
 routeStrategy: 'custom',
 routeDataToUrl: function (currentUrl, routeData) {
 var urlParts = currentUrl.split('?');
 var beforeQueryString = urlParts[0];
 var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(urlParts[1] || '');
 if (routeData.wchannelid) {
 searchParams.set('customChannelParam', routeData.wchannelid);
 } else {
 searchParams.delete('customChannelParam');
 }
 if (routeData.wvideoid) {
 searchParams.set('customVideoParam', routeData.wvideoid);
 } else {
 searchParams.delete('customVideoParam');
 }
 if ('' + searchParams) {
 return beforeQueryString + '?' + searchParams;
 }
 return beforeQueryString;
 },
 urlToRouteData: function (url) {
 var urlParts = url.split('?');
 var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(urlParts[1] || '');
 var result = {};
 var channelParam = searchParams.get('customChannelParam');
 var videoParam = searchParams.get('customVideoParam');
 if (channelParam) {
 result.wchannelid = channelParam;
 }
 if (videoParam) {
 result.wvideoid = videoParam
 }
 return result;
 },
 }
});
NOTE: The example above uses URLSearchParams for a simple demonstration, but it is not supported in Internet Explorer. If you use URLSearchParams, make sure you have a polyfill for it on your website.
title
Set title=My%20Title to change your Channel's title. Remember that spaces in embed option values must be percent encoded, which you can get using encodeURIComponent("my description") or by using our percent encoding tool.
upNextDisplayDuration
Set upNextDisplayDuration=5 to have the "Up Next" preview display for 5 seconds, for example, at the end of the video, instead of the default 10 seconds.
urlToRouteData
A function for use with routeStrategy=custom. Refer to routeStrategy for example usage.
It should return an Object.
{
 urlToRouteData: function (url) {
 return {
 wchannelid: "abc" // the hashed ID of the channel, if it is open
 wvideoid: "def" // the hashed ID of the video, if it is open
 };
 }
}
videoBackgroundHashedId
Set videoBackgroundHashedId=myhashedid to change the background video of your channel to another Wistia video.
The default value is undefined.
Channel API Usage
To use the Channel API, you need to get a Channel handle. This can be accomplished using _wcq.
window._wcq = window._wcq || [];
window._wcq.push({
 id: "channelid",
 onHasData: function (channel) {
 console.log("this is my channel handle!", channel);
 }
});
Or if you just want to play with a channel, you can use the Wistia.channel(...) matching function, which has similar semantics to the Player API Matcher. So for example, if I just want to work with the first channel on the page, I can do:
var channel = Wistia.channel();
If there are multiple channels on the page, I can target them by their hashed ID or DOM ID:
var channel1 = Wistia.channel("itshashedid");
var channel2 = Wistia.channel("itsdomid");
If I want to operate on all the channels on a page, I could do:
Wistia.channel.all().forEach(function (channel) {
 console.log('a channel', channel);
});
Channel API Methods
Wistia Channels currently have a limited public API. Want to do something cool with channels and don't have the tools for it yet? Let us know — it may influence what we make available.
These are the methods that are available now:
currentVideo()
This will return a Player API handle for the video that is currently visible. If there is no video visible, it returns undefined.
console.log(channel.currentVideo().name());
destroy()
Removes a channel from the DOM and cleans up any lingering global references.
channel.destroy();
Note that this will be called automatically within 500ms if a Channel's container has been removed from the DOM. The container's wistia_channel class will change to wistia_


text:
The value of future opportunities: comparison of information technology firms and forest companies
Kärri, Timo (1998)
Aineistoon ei liity tiedostoja.
There are several alternatives for valuing the future opportunities of firms. The traditional appraisal methods for single projects such as net present value, internalrate of return and payback rules have been criticized in recent years. It has been said that they do not take into account all growth opportunities of firms. At the company level, business valuation is traditionally based on financial and market information. Yield estimates, net worth values and market values of shares are commonly used. Naturally, all valuation methods have their own strengths and shortcomings. In the background of most estimation rules there is the idea that the future of the firms is quite clear and predictable. However, in recent times the business environment of most companies has changed to a more unpredictable direction and the effects of uncertainty have increased. There has been a growing interest in estimating the risks and values of future possibilities. The aim of the current paper is to describe the difference between the value of futureopportunities in information technology firms and forest companies, and also toanalyse the backgrounds for the observed gap.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


You can, just need to use a bmp, or png >:D
/help /background
/background [-aemsgdluhcfnrtpx] [window] [filename]
Changes the background picture setting for a window. This can also be changed via a windows System Menu.
-a = active window
-m = main mIRC window
-s = status window
-g = finger window
-d = single message window
-e = set as default
-l = toolbar
-u = toolbar buttons
-h = switchbar
You can right-click in the toolbar/switchbar to pop up a menu for changing these settings. Toolbar buttons can use RGB Color 255,0,255 for transparency, the BMP must be of the same form as that in mIRC resources. It should be a 16 or 256 color BMP.


text:
What architectural style is Haussmann?
Haussmann (or Haussmannian) architecture refers to the quintessential Parisian style of 19th-century architecture that still defines Paris and whose enduring appeal has made Paris one of the most visited and well loved cities in the world.
How Haussmann architecture transformed all of Paris with modern buildings?
To line his boulevards, Haussmann designed and developed a new kind of living space. Unlike the narrow, mismatched flats of medieval Paris, his modern apartment buildings would have uniform exteriors, culminating in cohesive blocks that further emphasized Napoleon III's idea of a "unified" Paris.
Was Haussmann an architect?
A public administrator with no training in architecture or urban planning, Haussmann turned Paris into a titanic building site for 20 years. Even though he was forced to resign in 1870 as the emperor faced growing criticism for excessive expenditure, work on Haussmann's plan continued until the late 1920s.
What was George Hausmann's contribution to architecture?
Haussmann built more than 80 kilometers of avenues, laid hundreds of kilometers of pipes, and installed thousands of new streetlights. He created four major parks and refurbished the existing parks with new trees and shrubs and the like.
How did Haussmann modernize Paris?
Haussmann cut a swathe through the cramped and chaotic labyrinth of slum streets in the city centre, knocked down 12,000 buildings, cleared space for the Palais Garnier, home of the Opéra National de Paris, and Les Halles marketplace, and linked the new train terminals with his long, wide and straight avenues.
Why did Haussmann redesign Paris?
Napoleon III instructed Haussmann to bring air and light to the centre of the city, to unify the different neighbourhoods with boulevards, and to make the city more beautiful.
What was Baron Haussmann known for?
Georges-Eugène, Baron Haussmann, (born March 27, 1809, Paris, Fr. —died Jan. 11, 1891, Paris), French administrator responsible for the transformation of Paris from its ancient character to the one that it still largely preserves.
What did George Eugene Haussmann do?
ʁɔ̃) os. man]; 27 March 1809 – 11 January 1891), was a French official who served as prefect of Seine (1853–1870), chosen by Emperor Napoleon III to carry out a massive urban renewal programme of new boulevards, parks and public works in Paris commonly referred to as Haussmann's renovation of Paris.
What is boulevard France?
The word boulevard is borrowed from French. In French, it originally meant the flat surface of a rampart, and later a promenade taking the place of a demolished fortification. It is probably a borrowing from a Germanic word related to modern German bollwerk 'bulwark'.
What trees line the Champs Elysee?
The Champs-Élysées' name is French for the mythical Greek paradise, the Elysian Fields. It was originally a mixture of swamp and kitchen gardens. André Le Nôtre, Louis XIV the Sun King's gardener, first designed the wide promenade lined with a double row of elm trees on each side, called the Grand Cours.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Index to Plant Chromosome Numbers (IPCN)
The Index to Plant Chromosome Numbers is an NSF funded project that aims to extract and index original plant chromosome numbers of naturally occurring and cultivated plants published throughout the world. A committee of voluntary contributing editors, located in various parts of the world, reviews sets of serial titles assigned to them and returns the information to the editors for collation in the Index and database. Chromosome indexes are published at two or three year intervals. The Index to Plant Chromosome Numbers project has been based at the Missouri Botanical Garden since 1978. Data from published indexes from 1979 onward are available for consultation through this facility.
For additional information, see the last supplement by Goldblatt & Johnson 2006. Index to Plant Chromosome Numbers 2001-2003. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 106.
An Index covering the years 2004-2006 is in preparation and will be published in the fall of 2008 as: Goldblatt & Johnson 2008. Index to Plant Chromosome Numbers 2004-2006. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden.
Many but not all data in the printed version of the Index to Plant Chromosome Numbers (1979-- ) are available on the Web in the IPCN database. The printed indexes and the database provide references to chromosome counts reported in the original literature. We therefore request that the IPCN database itself not be cited as the source for chromosome counts. If there is a need to cite the IPCN database, we recommend the following:
Index to plant chromosome numbers. 1979--. P. Goldblatt & D. E. Johnson, eds. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The information in this article applies to:
I keep seeing the following error message in one of my plans. What does it mean?
"A roof overhang may intrude too far into a wall on floor 1."
This warning message displays when a roof plane overhang is extending into a wall in your plan rather than butting against the wall's surface. When this occurs, you may see unexpected results in 3D views, such as a wall that does not generate upward to its full height or unwanted roof surfaces in interior rooms.
To solve this problem in Chief Architect or Home Designer Pro, you need to locate the roof plane in question and edit its shape so that it no longer intrudes into the wall.
Click OK to close the error message, then locate the problem roof plane. Select this roof plane and use its edit handles to move the edge that extends into a wall back so that it just touches the exterior surface.
If you continue to encounter this error message after editing the roof plane, other roof planes with the same problem are present in your plan. Locate them and repeat this process.


text:
Data-mining-based system for prediction of water chemistry faults
Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on
Fault monitoring and prediction is of prime importance in process industries. Faults are usually rare, and, therefore, predicting them is difficult. In this paper, simple and robust alarm-system architecture for predicting incoming faults is proposed. The system is data driven, modular, and based on data mining of merged data sets. The system functions include data preprocessing, learning, prediction, alarm generation, and display. A hierarchical decision-making algorithm for fault prediction has been developed. The alarm system was applied for prediction and avoidance of water chemistry faults (WCFs) at two commercial power plants. The prediction module predicted WCFs (inadvertently leading to boiler shutdowns) for independent test data sets. The system is applicable for real-time monitoring of facilities with sparse historical fault data.
Published Article/Book Citation
Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, 53:2 (2006) pp.593-603.


text:
Fear for no peers!
Free English Dictionary
Definition of Gain
- [n.] - A square or beveled notch cut out of a girder, binding joist, or other timber which supports a floor beam, so as to receive the end of the floor beam.
- [a.] - Convenient; suitable; direct; near; handy; dexterous; easy; profitable; cheap; respectable.
- [v. t.] - That which is gained, obtained, or acquired, as increase, profit, advantage, or benefit; -- opposed to loss.
- [v. t.] - The obtaining or amassing of profit or valuable possessions; acquisition; accumulation.
- [n.] - To get, as profit or advantage; to obtain or acquire by effort or labor; as, to gain a good living.
- [n.] - To come off winner or victor in; to be successful in; to obtain by competition; as, to gain a battle; to gain a case at law; to gain a prize.
- [n.] - To draw into any interest or party; to win to one's side; to conciliate.
- [n.] - To reach; to attain to; to arrive at; as, to gain the top of a mountain; to gain a good harbor.
- [n.] - To get, incur, or receive, as loss, harm, or damage.
- [v. i.] - To have or receive advantage or profit; to acquire gain; to grow rich; to advance in interest, health, or happiness; to make progress; as, the sick man gains daily.


text:
By Niamh Casey
The Students' Union launched their #SustainableMonday campaign at the beginning of February with the aims being to offer NUI Galway students advice and encouragement to live more sustainably and to highlight the small changes we can all make that will have a big impact on our planet.
Helping students take environmentally-sound action is a priority for the Students' Union, and so each Monday in February they will be setting challenges, through which they will highlight tips and information on ways to live more climate-friendly. Speaking with Róisín Nic Lochlainn, the Welfare and Equality officer and the head of the campaign, she said "The climate crisis is possibly the biggest challenge facing our generation which is why I felt having dedicated days to sustainability is so important! We recently launched the SU environmental and sustainability working group which helped massively in the planning of the sustainable Mondays."
Students' Union President Pádraic Toomey spoke of his delight at the launch of the new initiative,
"We are delighted to launch our #SustainableMonday campaign this month. This year we introduced our SU Clean Ups and they were a huge success showing how much our students care about the world they live in. This campaign will show that by making small changes in our lives, like our choice of toothbrush, we can be part of the move to a sustainable future."
The campaign has been launched as a replacement to the pre-existing sustainability themed week. This way the SU hopes to achieve a more lasting effect by drawing attention to the cause throughout the month. Each Monday will have a specific theme, with the first one being dedicated to sustainable eating. The goal was to encourage students to cut down on the amount of meat in their diets. Nic Lochlainn spoke about this, telling SIN, "We used the #meatfreemondays on our social media posts and others tagged us in their veggie food stories (they can win a Keep Cup if they tag us with their hashtag). We want to encourage students to try and go without meat at least once a week and SULT had some cheap, easy vegan recipes up on their social media."
The following Monday was a two-minute beach clean-up challenge, which NUI Galway students have shown great participation for in the past. Last Monday was the Get Walking challenge, where people were asked to tag the SU in photos of their walk. This also tied in with the Students' Union's February Kilometre Challenge, where students walk, run, or cycle a set distance throughout the month in order to raise funds for different Galway charities like Galway Rape Crisis Centre, Galway Autism Partnership and Helplink Mental Health.
Next Monday the SU will be posting general tips for students on their social media on how to live more sustainably. Some of the tips include getting a reusable water bottle/Keep Cup, carrying reusable shopping bags, do a local area clean up and try not to buy into fast fashion. However, Nic Lochlainn added, "it is emphasised that fast fashion is a necessity for most students, and the wider population, so we won't be pressuring anyone at all in that regard."
The Students' Union will also have lists of eco-friendly period products, cheap yet sustainable shopping lists and different charity shops around Galway, as well as online classes on how to make your own clothes.
To sum up, Nic Lochlainn added "This campaign is very much about thinking globally by acting locally. We will be encouraging our students to look at sustainable food and transport choices." Overall, the movement is about bringing awareness to eco-friendly and sustainable living habits that students can incorporate into their everyday lives and use going forward into the future.


Edit or Delete a Mapped Device
Deleting a mapped device from the Map Devices page only deletes the icon from the selected floorplan image. To delete a device, see Edit or Delete a Device.
To edit or delete a mapped device:
 1. Click Device Mapping to display the Map Devices page.
 2. In the field to the right, begin typing the name of the location or indoor location where the device is mapped, then click to select the location. Once a location is selected, its floorplan or map image is displayed along with icons representing any previously mapped devices.
 3. To increase the size or rotate the icon on the image, click the icon, then click or to make the icon smaller or larger or click the or to rotate the icon.
 4. To reposition a device, click the Map button beside the device in the section to the left of the image, then click an area on the image to re-place the icon.
 5. To delete the icon, click the beside the device in the section to the left.


Poll: Parents want kids to avoid political careers
July 5th, 2013
10:00 AM ET
2 years ago
Poll: Parents want kids to avoid political careers
(CNN) – Parents often dream about their child's future, but a career in politics seems more like a nightmare to many.
Nearly two-thirds–64%–of Americans would not like their child to pursue a political career, compared to 31% who think that would be a good path, according to a Gallup survey released Friday.
That number has remained relatively consistent since Gallup began asking about sons and daughters in 1993. Those who approved of a career in politics for their child have fluctuated between 61% and 71%.
With the country recovering from a bitter presidential campaign and with the approval ratings of Congress hovering just above 10%, it's no surprise that parents want their children to avoid one of the least-liked professions among Americans.
A Gallup survey released last month showed Congress ranking last among 16 society institutions in terms of confidence levels from the American people. The military placed first, small business came in second, church and organized religion came in third and the presidency came in fourth.
Breaking it down by demographics, nonwhites are much more likely than whites to say they would like to see their child go into politics, according to Gallup. By a margin of 42% to 26%, nonwhites say they'd like their son to have a political career, and 45% to 25% say they'd like their daughter to do the same.
There is little difference between ideologies, though Democrats and independents are slightly more likely than Republicans to want their child to go into politics. Men are also a little bit more likely than women to want their sons and daughters to choose a politically-related career.
Interestingly, the numbers significantly change according to the order of the questions. Americans are much more likely to say they want their daughter or son to go into politics when they're asked about a daughter first. Thirty-seven percent say they'd like to see their daughter go into politics; when followed up with a question about a son going into politics, an equal amount say they would like that kind of future for their son.
However, when Gallup switched up the order and asked about a son first, the number of those wanting to see a son go into politics drops 12 percentage points to 25%. When asked about a daughter next, 26% said they would like their daughter to go into politics–also a sharp decrease.
Thirty-one percent marks the average of both genders when considering the order of the questions. Gallup says the answering trend has been consistent in the past.
"This suggests that Americans may be interpreting the question as one about gender equality when asked about a daughter first, and therefore that makes them more likely to favor a political career for their children of either sex," read a release that came with the poll. "When asked about a son first, Americans may interpret the question as more straightforward one about the desirability of a political career and are less likely to favor it for either a son or daughter in that circumstance."
While Gallup started asking about daughters in 1993, the polling institution has been questioning Americans about sons since 1944. Curiously, the number of those wanting to see their son go into politics has changed little since then, when it stood at 21%. The highest point ever was in 1965, when 36% said they wanted to see their son go into politics. This was a time when "Americans were still rallying around President Johnson after he took office following the death of John F. Kennedy," the release stated.
Gallup surveyed 2,048 American adults by telephone from June 20-24, with a sampling error of plus or minus three percentage points.
Filed under: Polls
soundoff (7 Responses)
 1. Donkey Party
 The problem is with the question. Nobody should ever consider a "career" in politics, that's part of the problem with politics, and why there should be term limits.
 July 5, 2013 10:50 am at 10:50 am |
 2. Thomas
 Anthony David Weiner is an American politician.
 Politics is my life
 July 5, 2013 11:22 am at 11:22 am |
 3. PaulCat
 I would love for my child to have a career in politics. He can get paid $200,000 a year for doing nothing. I would tell him to ask for a raise everytime he need to take a vacation.
 July 5, 2013 11:27 am at 11:27 am |
 4. plain&simple
 You need consistency in politics,just like any other job. By the time you get good and develope relationships that cross the aisle.....you're gone because of some arbitrary time limit. No thanks. To much turmoil. Stop the moving of district lines to suit whoever is in power and we will get a fairer representation!
 July 5, 2013 11:34 am at 11:34 am |
 5. Rick McDaniel
 That would also apply to the legal profession, then, as the corruption of politics comes directly from the corruption of the legal profession.
 The perfect example, resides in the WH, at this moment.
 July 5, 2013 11:43 am at 11:43 am |
 6. S.B. Stein
 I wouldn't mind my kids going into politics. I would like to be there to help them out as best I could hoping I wouldn't be a liability to them (weird dad who hopes that science and rational thinking guides policy). I don't think that they would only because they (and I) don't have the money for it. It takes too much money to run for office; even the local races cost too much.
 July 5, 2013 11:45 am at 11:45 am |
 7. Borderless
 Well of course I wouldn't my kids to go into politics. When they are adults, I would hope they act would like adults.
 July 5, 2013 11:59 am at 11:59 am |


Optical Surface Tension Measurement of Two-Dimensionally Confined Liquid Surfaces
Myungwha Chung, Christian Pigot, Sebastian Volz, Akihide Hibara
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
4 Citations (Scopus)
Abstract
Surface tension measurement based on spontaneous capillary wave resonance in confined micrometer-sized liquid interfaces was demonstrated. A single-beam quasi-elastic laser scattering method was used to detect the resonance. Characteristic resonant modes were observed on a 44-μm-sized circular water surface. The frequencies of the peaks agreed well with those simulated by assuming planar resonance, and the relationship was further confirmed for triangular, square, and pentagonal water surfaces. Then, the applicability of the method was successfully demonstrated by surface tension measurements of aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The sensitive detection of capillary resonance opens new possibilities for the chemical and biochemical analysis of liquid interfaces.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)8092-8096
Number of pages5
JournalAnalytical Chemistry
Volume89
Issue number15
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2017 Aug 1
ASJC Scopus subject areas
 - Analytical Chemistry
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Optical Surface Tension Measurement of Two-Dimensionally Confined Liquid Surfaces'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this


text:
Dominion Virginia Power (previously known as Virginia Electric Power or VEPCO) is the largest investor-owned utility in Virginia. Appalachian Power is the second-largest. In the mid-1900's, they generated most of the electricity needed to supply customers using coal.
Who provides my electricity Virginia?
Most residents are served by Dominion Virginia Power. Residents in portions of Centreville and Clifton may receive electric service from the Northern Virginia Electric Cooperative.
Where does electricity in Virginia come from?
Electricity. Natural gas fueled three-fifths of the electricity generated in Virginia in 2019, and the state's two nuclear power plants supplied three-tenths. Renewable energy sources, including biomass, hydroelectric power, and solar, as well as coal and petroleum are also used to generate electricity.
Who supplies electricity to new property?
To find out who supplies the electricity to your new property, contact the local electricity distribution company. Its telephone number will be in the telephone directory under 'Electricity'. You should ask for the company's meter point administration service (MPAS).
Does Virginia have electric choice?
Historically, all the components of electric service – generation, transmission and distribution – were combined as one service. Today, the generation part – the electricity itself – is open to choice for Virginia's non-residential customers with at least a five megawatt (5 MW) load.
What area does Appalachian Power cover?
Appalachian Power (APCO) is based in Charleston, West Virginia and owns the naming rights to Appalachian Power Park in Charleston. APCO serves about one million customers in central and Southern West Virginia, the West Virginia Panhandle, Southwest Virginia and parts of Northeast Tennessee, specifically Kingsport.
What states does Dominion Energy operate in?
Dominion Energy, Inc., commonly referred to as Dominion, is an American power and energy company headquartered in Richmond, Virginia that supplies electricity in parts of Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina and supplies natural gas to parts of Utah, West Virginia, Ohio, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, South …
Where does my home electricity come from?
Most electricity is generated with steam turbines using fossil fuels, nuclear, biomass, geothermal, and solar thermal energy. Other major electricity generation technologies include gas turbines, hydro turbines, wind turbines, and solar photovoltaics.
Where does Northern VA power come from?
Today, most Northern Virginia homes get their primary heat from fuel oil, natural gas, or electricity (baseboard heaters or heat pumps).
Where does the US get its electricity?
According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, most of the nation's electricity was generated by natural gas, coal, and nuclear energy in 2019. Electricity is also produced from renewable sources such as hydropower, biomass, wind, geothermal, and solar power.
How do I find out who my electricity supplier is?
How to find your electricity supplier
- Check your last energy bill.
- Talk to the last person to take care of the bill.
- Call your electricity distribution network.
How do you set up utilities when you buy a house?
Setting up new service: To set up a new service, visit the website of your new provider. There should be information on there about how to set up utilities, but if not, call them directly. You'll need to tell them the address that you're looking to set up utilities, as well as the date that you need service to start.
How do I get gas and electricity in my new house?
How to set up gas and electric for the first time
- Find out who supplies your energy. …
- Find your gas and electricity meters. …
- Take a meter reading. …
- Find the fuse box and trip switch. …
- Find your meter number. …
- Get in touch with your new energy supplier. …
- Find out what tariff you're on. …
- Shop around for a better energy deal.


text:
Objective: The present study aimed to explore client-therapist congruence in helpfulness evaluations session-by-session and its association with therapy outcomes. As suggested by West and Kenny's truth and bias model, we constructed congruence as both temporal congruence (i.e., the correlation between therapists' and clients' helpfulness judgments over time) and directional discrepancy (i.e., the average difference between therapists' and clients' helpfulness judgments). Method: Seventy-eight clients were treated by 22 experienced therapists within a 12-session course of integrative psychotherapy. At the end of each session, clients and therapists rated their perceptions of session helpfulness and, at the beginning of the next session, clients rated their own psychological functioning. Results: Therapists' and clients' helpfulness judgments were temporally congruent across treatment, and therapists' judgments were lower than those of their clients. Moreover, we found that therapists' negative directional discrepancy, but not temporal congruence, was associated with improvement in clients' psychological functioning as well as with clients' global treatment evaluations. Conclusion: Our results highlight the importance of therapists' vigilant assessment of session helpfulness in a course of brief integrative psychotherapy. As such, they strengthen the importance of further research regarding client-therapist congruence (in different aspects of the therapeutic process) and its association with therapy outcomes. Clinical or methodological significance of this article In this study, we found that therapists' tendency to provide lower session-helpfulness assessments than did their clients was associated with better therapeutic outcomes. These results may highlight the importance of therapists' cautious and humble stance when assessing their perception of session helpfulness across treatment.
- process-outcome research
- truth and bias model


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Prospects for Australian emerging industries
Emerging industries play an important role in the Australian agricultural landscape, contributing to the national economy and helping meet changing global demand. This prospectus is...
Published: 13 Dec 2005
Author(s): Joyce, Daryl, et al
Download report PDFDownload
Purchase a hard copy - AUD $45.00
The recent study tour was to gain insight into red bayberry production, processing and marketing in China and to examine the possibility of developing an industry in Australia. This report summarises the history, distribution and climatic requirements of red bayberry production in China, and recent research and development of the industry, particularly for germplasm and cultivars, cultivation techniques, disease and pest management, and harvest and handling. The potential development of the red bayberry industry within Australia is discussed in relation to Australian climatic and environmental conditions.


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Compared to the swords of other countries, Japanese katanas have a slim and elegant appearance, which gives them an image of lightness and weightlessness. We see brilliant katana wielding in period wars, but how heavy is a real Japanese katana? Katanas are quite heavy because they are weapons from a time before the advent of light metals. Let's take a closer look at the weight of Japanese katanas and the differences in the way they feel when held in the hand.
How much does a katana weigh?
During the Edo period, warriors carried two Japanese swords at their waist, one Uchinata and the other Wakizashi. At that time, there were no means of transportation, and it was normal to walk several dozen kilometers.
So, what load did they really carry? We will explain it to you based on the weight of a Japanese sword.
The average weight is about 3.2lbs
The Japanese katana, a long thin blade, is made by repeatedly bending and forging a very pure metal called tamahagane.
The original material is high quality iron sand, which is then melted down in the traditional Japanese tatara method to produce tamahagane, the core material of the Japanese sword. The smith strikes the steel repeatedly to stretch it, then laminates it to create a denser sword.
The inside of a Japanese sword is therefore not a solid object, but is made of many thin layers of steel, and despite its thin appearance, the sword is very heavy.
To carry a Japanese sword, a number of parts are needed, including the scabbard and the hilt (tsuka: the handle of a Japanese sword) in addition to the sword itself (toshin: the drawn blade). The average weight of a sword with only the hilt and the tsuba attached to the blade was about 3.2lbs, with the heaviest swords weighing about 5lbs. Considering that they moved on foot, it would have taken considerable strength to carry a Japanese sword around the waist on a daily basis.
Changes in time and weight of Japanese swords
The koto (ancient sword) is a Japanese sword made during a period of about 700 years, from the middle of the Heian period after 901 to 1595, just before the Edo period (_PHONE_). The forging method used for koto is different from that used for shin-to (new swords), but the details of the technique are not known.
From the middle of the Heian period to the Muromachi period (_PHONE_), when the ancient katana was mainly used in horseback fighting, it had to be practical and easy to handle when wearing armor. To be able to cut and break through highly defensive armor, Japanese katanas had to be strong, but at the same time heavy and practical enough to be handled easily.
A typical ancient sword measures about 2 shaku 3 sun (about 27.5") and weighs between 5.1 oz and. 8.7 oz However, during the Nanbokucho period (_PHONE_), Japanese long swords became popular and many "otachi" (big swords) with a blade longer than 3 shaku (about 35.4") were made, and the weight of these swords increased. For example, the "Taro-Tachi" (sword with handle) in the collection of Atsuta Shrine in Aichi Prefecture is over 7 shaku 3 sun (87") long and weighs 9lbs.
Since the end of the Muromachi period (_PHONE_), the length of ancient katanas has gradually decreased as the traditional long, deeply curved and graceful style has been replaced by a more practical style.
In addition, many Japanese katanas were consumed by war. Therefore, it is believed that only about 30-40% of existing katanas are ancient.
Weight of new katanas
Shintō refers to Japanese swords made between the end of the Azuchi-Momoyama period and the mid-Edo period in 1763 (Horeki 13). When fighting ceased in the Edo period, the Japanese katana changed from a weapon to a symbolic object representing samurai status.
Until then, the Japanese katana was a necessity for protection and could be owned by anyone regardless of status, but due to the sword hunting ordinance, only samurai were allowed to own a katana. During the Edo period (_PHONE_), katana smiths began to congregate in large cities such as Edo and Osaka because of the stable supply of high quality materials.
Many of the katanas that survive today are new katanas made during these periods, with an average weight of about 2lbs. In the Edo period, the length of a Japanese sword (josun: the length of a sword a samurai could carry) was fixed by the shogunate, even for those who had a sword belt, and was limited to 2 shaku 3 sun 5 min (about 28").
In addition, Japanese katanas were rarely used in real battles, so the demand for katanas of good appearance and elegant workmanship increased. The importance of the Japanese katana changed from a weapon used in battle to a symbol of authority and a work of art, and the importance of the katana changed from a consumer item to an heirloom item. For this reason, many Japanese katanas from the Shintō period remain in good condition.
The katanas of the Shintō period, made when there were no major battles, were heavier than the katanas of the suekōtō period, the Warring States period. It was also said that the new katanas had lost some of the flexibility of the old ones and were more prone to breakage because of the uniform carbon content throughout the blade, due to the nationwide distribution of homogeneous domestic iron. The general opinion was that the need to compensate for strength was also a factor in why the new katanas weighed more than the shorter, easier-to-handle katanas of the Late Antique Warring States period.
Weight of Japanese katanas after Shinto
As the demand for new Japanese katanas decreased and blacksmiths in various regions declined, a movement to return to the old katanas developed, with master blacksmith "Suishinshi Masahide" advocating a "sword restoration theory".
This movement led to the emergence of shinsatoh, which produced powerful and dynamic Japanese swords in the style of Soshu-den and Bizen-den.
During the upheavals of the late Edo period, "kinouto", long and heavy swords with little deformability, became popular, and thin and short swords also appeared, which were easy to handle and could be used with Western-style clothing. As a result, Japanese katanas were made in a wide range of weights, from 8.7oz to 3lbs.
Japanese katanas made after the abolition of the sword law were called modern katanas (gendaito), and many were used in wars against other countries.
Do Japanese katanas differ in terms of actual weight and felt weight when held?
The weight felt differs according to the position of the center of gravity of the katana
Even Japanese katanas of the same weight can feel lighter or heavier when you hold several katanas in your hands. The following is an explanation of the felt weight due to the differences in the construction of Japanese swords.
The felt weight differs depending on the position of the center of gravity.
Depending on whether the center of gravity of the katana is located closer to the hilt or the spearhead/kisaki, a Japanese katana of the same weight may feel heavier or lighter. The Japanese katana is long and thin, and the length of the hilt varies depending on the brand of katana, so balance is determined by the position of the hilt.
However, there is a limit to how much balance you can give the katana just by the way you grip it. So just as the load you feel is different depending on where you hold a long stick, the position of the center of gravity of the katana itself has an effect on the weight you feel.
The center of gravity of each katana varies depending on its construction. So when selecting a katana to use in combat, we had to confirm not only simple measurements, but also the feel of actually holding and using the katana. The weight of the katana was an important criterion in selecting a katana that would be used in everyday life.
The weight one feels differs according to the length of the katana.
It is not only the position of the center of gravity that determines the perceived weight. The weight you feel also depends on the length of the katana. If you compare two Japanese katanas of almost the same weight but different lengths, the longer katana will feel heavier than the shorter one.
If the balance between length and weight does not suit you, the katana will feel heavier and more difficult to handle than it really is. The tsuba is also an important accessory for adjusting the center of gravity and length of the katana. Depending on where the tsuba is placed on the shaft, the center of gravity and the length of the handle will change.
It is said that even a Japanese katana of the same weight will feel completely different in use if the length of the sword is slightly different. The ease of handling a Japanese sword can be altered by the slightest difference in the shape of the sword.
The "Center of gravity of the hand" to reduce the perceived weight of the katana
The "hand center of gravity" means that the center of gravity is literally closer to the hilt. A Japanese katana whose center of gravity is at the hilt feels lighter than a katana whose center of gravity is in the spearhead (kirigaki), which gives you more freedom and makes it


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|git-annex-setpresentkey(1)||General Commands Manual||git-annex-setpresentkey(1)|
NAME¶git-annex-setpresentkey - change records of where key is present
SYNOPSIS¶git annex setpresentkey key uuid [1|0]
DESCRIPTION¶This plumbing-level command changes git-annex's records about whether the specified key's content is present in a remote with the specified uuid.
Use 1 to indicate the key is present, or 0 to indicate the key is not present.
- Enables batch mode, in which lines are read from stdin. The line format is "key uuid [1|0]"


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How do Georgians depend on forests?
A Forest Landscape Restoration project in three pilot areas in Georgia reveals that villages in higher altitude tend to depend more on forest products. The project was started in January 2012 by IUCN and is funded by the German International Cooperation, GIZ.
In Georgia, forest land occupies just over three million hectares which is about 40% of the country's territory. Forests play an essential role in the economic and social life of the country. People depend on their surrounding resources for subsistence aspects of their daily life – for food, water, fuel, building materials such as timber for house-building, and so on. Many economic activities are also based on natural resources.
One of the purposes of the Forest Landscape Restoration project by IUCN is to define the level and scope of human dependency on forests and identify and evaluate the factors which influence the relationship between people and their natural resource base.
In Georgia, the project is implemented through field surveys among the local population. The pilot sites were selected based on previous work in the framework of the ENPI FLEG Programme by IUCN, as well as based on their specific characteristics. Field surveys were carried out in three regions: Village Jebota (Tianeti Municipality), Village Zemo Alvani (Akhmeta Municipality) and Village Tsagveri (Borjomi Municipality). 140 households were interviewed to identify various models and scales of dependency of local population on forest resources.
The field survey revealed the following usage of forest resources by local people:
- The villages located in the low land area, with relatively mild climate and availability of diverse agricultural products are less dependent on forest resources.
- The villages located on a higher altitude, with less arable land and less favorable climatic conditions are more dependent on forest resources.
The dependency on forest resources includes intensive usage of timber forest resources mainly as fire-wood and usage of non-timber forest resources, but in relatively low scales. Natural gas as an alternative energy supply is available in two (out of three) pilot villages, but due to high cost it is used only for cooking.
The main source for heating remains fire-wood.
The final reports for all three pilot sites will soon be available.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Does there exist a prime 3-manifold such that its mapping class group has an abelian representation in which the 2$\pi$ rotation is represented by -1?
In detail: Let $M$ be a closed orientable prime 3-manifold. Let $D_F(M,p)$ be the group of diffeomorphisms of $M$ that fix a point $p$ of $M$ and a frame there. Define the mapping class group (MCG) of $M$ to be the zeroth homotopy group of $D_F(M,p)$. Then the $2\pi$ rotation is an element of MCG that is the equivalence class of the following diffeo, $R_{2\pi}$: Consider a coordinate ball of radius 2, $B2$, centred on $p$. $R_{2\pi}$ fixes the ball of radius 1, $B_1$, centred on $p$ and everything outside the sphere of radius 2. In between $B_1$ and $B_2$ the $R_{2\pi}$ maps $(x,y,z)\rightarrow(x\cos\theta+y\sin\theta,y\cos\theta−x\sin\theta,z)$ where $\theta$ is a function of $r=\sqrt(x^2+y^2+z^2)$ which increases smoothly and monotonically from 0 to 2$\pi$ as $r$ increases from 1 to 2. The square of the 2$\pi$ rotation is the identity in MCG. A manifold is spinorial if $\[R_{2\pi}\]$ is non-trivial in MCG.
Background motivation:
This question is interesting because of the possibility that fermions can be built on non-trivial spatial topology. $M$ is the manifold of a 3-D spatial hypersurface in spacetime. The fixed point is the point at infinity (where the metric is asymptotically flat) and fixing a frame there has the same effect on $\pi_0(D_F)$ as requiring some falloff conditions on the diffeomorphisms at infinity or requiring them to be the identity outside some ball. The configuration space of General Relativity in this asymptotically flat setting is (space of asymptotically flat metrics on $M$)/$D_F$ and its first homotopy group is isomorphic to (what I called above) MCG, see _URL_ (I know it is not the usual definition of MCG). The quantum state, on canonical quantisation of General Relativity, carries a unitary irreducible representation (UIR) of the MCG and different choices of UIR give different physics. Prime 3-manifolds are potentially candidates for elementary particles built from pure geometry: topological geons (this is speculative!). A prime 3-manifold can be the basis for a spinorial particle (i.e. spin 1/2, spin 3/2....) if $R_{2\pi}$ is nontrivial. Because particles must be able to be pair produced and annihilated, topology change must be allowed in the theory which means that the theory should be quantised in a sum-over-histories framework rather than a canonical quantisation framework. Within the sum-over-histories framework it is challenging to realise nonabelian reps of MCG. Abelian reps on the other hand are more easily accommodated by attaching phases to topologically distinct sectors of the path integral. Moreover certain rules that would result in a spin-statistics correlation for topological geons would also force the reps to be abelian, _URL_ (hence the need for abelian reps). However, if there were no spinorial primes with abelian reps this would rule out spinorial geons and therefore fermions.
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What do you mean by 'the' $2\pi$ rotation? – HJRW May 16 '11 at 12:21
Please edit the question statement to put in the clarifications. You're also presumably assuming that the manifold is spin, and looking at the spin mapping class group. – Dylan Thurston May 16 '11 at 13:25
1. This is not the usual definition of MCG. 2. By the belt trick, the $2\pi$ rotation squares to be the identity. 3. The $2\pi$ rotation is central. 4. I don't know what you mean when you say "abelian representation" or "represented by -1". – Sam Nead May 16 '11 at 13:28
Even with the edit, "represented by -1" is not clear. Are you asking for this element of the mapping class group to map onto the generator of an infinite cyclic group? That's how I read your question. – Ryan Budney May 16 '11 at 19:33
1 Answer 1
up vote 8 down vote accepted
Yes, there exists such a manifold $M$. This follows if there exists aspherical $M$ with $Diff(M)\simeq 0$ (contractible) and $H^2(M;\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z})=0$. I claim there exists such manifolds. Let's see why such $M$ suffice.
There are two fibrations: $$ D_F(M,p) \to Diff(M,p) \to GL(3,\mathbb{R})$$ and $$ Diff(M,p) \to Diff(M) \to M.$$
The first comes from considering the derivative at $p$ of a diffeomorphism fixing $p$. The second comes from considering the image of $p$ under a diffeomorphism of $M$.
From the long exact sequence of homotopy for a fibration (e.g. 4.41 Hatcher), we have the exact sequence $$0=\pi_2(M) \to \pi_1(Diff(M,p)) \to \pi_1(Diff(M))=0 \to \pi_1(M)\to $$ $$\pi_0(Diff(M,p))\to \pi_0(Diff(M))=0.$$ We see that $\pi_0(Diff(M,p))=\pi_1(M)$, and $\pi_1(Diff(M,p))=0$. Similarly, $$0=\pi_1(Diff(M,p))\to \mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}=\pi_1(GL(3,\mathbb{R})) \to \pi_0(D_F(M,p))\to \pi_0(Diff(M,p))\to 0.$$
From the second sequence, we see that $\pi_0(D_F(M,p))$ is therefore a $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$ extension of $\pi_1(M)$. These are classified by $H^2(\pi_1(M);\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z})=H^2(M;\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z})=0$ (since any such extension is central). Thus, it is a trivial extension, so $\pi_0(D_F(M,p))=\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}\times \pi_1(M)$. The $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$ factor is generated by $[R_{2\pi}]$ in your notation, so clearly the desired abelian representation exists.
Now we need to see that a closed orientable aspherical manifold $M$ with $Diff(M)\simeq 0$ and $H^2(M;\mathbb{Z}/2)=0$ exists. In fact, we may assume $M$ is a hyperbolic homology sphere. For example, take a hyperbolic knot complement with trivial isometry group. Perform Dehn filling of slope $1/k$ for $k$ large to get a closed hyperbolic manifold. This manifold will be an aspherical homology sphere and will have trivial isometry group for $k>>0$ (this follows from Thurston's Dehn surgery theorem and the Margulis lemma, since the isometries must preserve the short core geodesic of the Dehn surgery). By a result of Gabai, $Diff(M)$ will be contractible.
One can work in somewhat greater generality with hyperbolic 3-manifolds $M$ which have the property that $H^2(Aut(\pi_1(M));\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z})=0$, since the first exact sequence implies that $\pi_0(Diff(M,p))=Aut(\pi_1(M))$. I'm not sure what happens if $H^2(Aut(\pi_1(M));\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z})\neq 0$; I assumed it $=0$ as a convenient way to see that the group $\pi_0(D_F(M,p))$ splits.
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Thank you for your answer. I'm still reading through it to try and understand it all but it looks like it's what I'm looking for. Do you mean that $\pi_0(D_F(M,p))$ (as opposed to $\pi_0(Diff(M,p))$) is a $\mathbb{Z}/2\


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Stony River Reservoir facts for kids
Quick facts for kidsStony River Reservoir
|Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.|
|Location||Grant County, West Virginia,
|Primary inflows||Stony River|
|Primary outflows||Stony River|
|Basin countries||United States|
Stony River Reservoir was constructed on the Stony River in 1888 by Westvaco to supply the source of water for the company's main pulp mill. William Luke's summer residence was located on the lake. The dam suffered from structural weakness and was periodically drained for repairs. The center portion of the dam has since been demolished and the reservoir drained. The majority of the dam still stands on either side of the, now, free flowing river.
Stony River Reservoir Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.


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Using Audio Ducking to Balance Voice-overs and Background Music in PowerDirector 16
Audio Ducking is a powerful new feature in PowerDirector 16. Audio Ducking can automatically optimize the audio mix in videos that contain dialogue or narration by fading backing music tracks so that speech can be clearly heard.
Step 1: Import your Video and Background Music
Drag and drop your video and background music onto the timeline. They should appear on two different tracks.
Step 2: Using the Audio Ducking Tool
Select the video or audio clip on the timeline that you want to have a lower volume and click on Tools > Audio Ducking. In this case we have selected the background music track.
In the Audio Ducking window, you can customize the following controls:
- Sensitivity: sets the level of dialogue/narration detection in other clips.
- Ducking level: sets how much you want to reduce the volume in the selected clip.
- Fade-out duration: sets the duration for lowering the volume in the selected clip.
- Fade-in duration: sets the duration for restoring the audio level once the dialogue/narration in the other clip ends.
Select the Apply to all clips on the same track option if you want the audio ducking applied to all the clips in your video project timeline. Once finished click OK to apply.
On your timeline you should now be able to see that the audio levels of the background music track are lower when there is narration on the main video clip.
PowerDirector 18 Essential
Free Software With 30-Day Premium Features


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1. Begin with a slightly melted ice cube in your mouth. Kiss your guy and pass it back and forth. As it gets smaller and smaller, hide it in different places so he has to try to find it with his tongue.
2. Use the ice cube to trace a chilly path along his naked body and then follow it with your tongue. The temp change will heighten his pleasure, while the anticipation of watching where your lips go will send him over the edge.
3. Put the ice in your man's hand and guide it so that he draws circles around the outside of your breasts, slowly working his way toward your nipples.
4. While giving your guy oral, alternate putting your lips over his penis and lightly rubbing his shaft with the ice cube. The combination of your warm mouth and chilly temperature will make his jaw drop.
5. Ask him to touch you with it over your thin-skinned spots: wrists, inner elbow, behind your knees. Stimulating those sensitive areas feels so sensual.
6. When your guy is going down on you, have him alternate between lightly touching your clitoris with the ice and using his mouth and tongue. If you're extra-sensitive down there, try it with your underwear on.
7. Place the ice cube between your breasts and run it back and forth so that your skin feels cool and wet, then guide your man's penis between them for a hands-free massage.
8. Have him lightly run the ice cube along the soles and the perimeter of your feet. Believe it or not, the area of the brain that processes touch down there is nearby the zone that registers sensations to your genitals, speeding up your arousal.
9. Give your guy a sexy scalp rub with one hand and use the other to trail the ice along his hairline and temples, all the way down to the base of his neck.
10. Post-sex, slowly move the ice cube across your guy's back for a frisky cooldown, then ask him to return the favor.
Sources: Eric Garrison, certified sex counselor and author of Mastering Multiple Position Sex; Patti Britton, PhD, author of The Complete Idiot's Guide to Sensual Massage


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The Nanyangshan project is a micro hydro run-of river project in remote Gansu Province. The project generates green electricity for the local grid and its infrastructure also benefits local farmers through the construction of a localised irrigation system for agricultural crops.
Run-of-river micro hydro projects create renewable energy by diverting some of a river's flow through a pipe or tunnel leading to electricity-generating turbines. The water then returns back to the river downstream and continues its course.
The project developed by Nanyang Water Conservancy and Hydropower Development Co., Ltd in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture involves the construction and operation of a run-of-the-river hydropower station at the location of Hezheng County, Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province. Annual electricity generation is 5,944 MWh in 2008 and 6,073 MWh in 2009 respectively. Electricity generated by the project is transmitted to Northwest China Power Grid (NWCPG).
The Nanyangshan project contributes to sustainable development by:


Napier's rods
Also found in: Dictionary, Wikipedia.
Related to Napier's rods: John Napier, slide rule, Pascaline
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Synonyms for Napier's rods
a set of graduated rods formerly used to do multiplication and division by a method invented by John Napier
References in periodicals archive ?
Gasbarro used his own set of Napier's Rods and instructional videos posted on YouTube that explain the concepts and taught the students how to multiply using both methods.
Vidoes on Chinese multiplication and Napier's Rods can be found on YouTube at www.
CUTLINE: (1) Above, Hannah Kachadoorian and Maddy Starkey show off a set of Napier's Rods at Glenwood School in Rutland.


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Xiaolei Tang, Yuanyuan Cao, Jiaqian Yu, Runjie Shi, Yuye Huang, Jinhui Wu and Yiqiao Hu
A recent study shows that propranolol hydrochloride (PRO) related substances may also reduce the stability of tablets in storage. Therefore, it is necessary to control the level of PRO related substances in tablets. However, the analysis in U.S. pharmacopoeia could not detect PRO related substances. To overcome this, we developed a new method which can detect PRO, hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) and all of their impurities. In this study, validation studies were also performed, linear relationship with a good correlation coefficient (r2)>0.990 was found of both PRO impurities and HCT impurities in the range of 0.12-0.60, and 0.15-0.75 μg/ml respectively. Acceptable intra- and inter- assay precisions were achieved. Accuracy and robustness were reported as percent recovery, and all the recoveries were at the range of 70-130%. After validation, the methods were successfully used in the routine quality control of the tablets.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I need to detect the Sun from the space sky.
These are examples of the input images:
I've got such results after Morphologic filtering ( open operation for twice )
Here's the algorithm code of this processing:
// Color to Gray
cvCvtColor(image, gray, CV_RGB2GRAY);
// color threshold
// Morphologic open for 2 times
cvMorphologyEx( gray, dst, NULL, CV_SHAPE_RECT, CV_MOP_OPEN, 2);
Isn't it too heavy processing for such a simple task? And how to find the center of the Sun? If I find white points, than I'll find white points of big Earth ( left top corner on first example image )
Please advise me please my further action to detect the Sun.
Trying algorithm of getting centroid by formula : {x,y} = {M10/M00, M01/M00}
CvMoments moments;
cvMoments(dst, &moments, 1);
double m00, m10, m01;
m00 = cvGetSpatialMoment(&moments, 0,0);
m10 = cvGetSpatialMoment(&moments, 1,0);
m01 = cvGetSpatialMoment(&moments, 0,1);
// calculating centroid
float centroid_x = m10/m00;
float centroid_y = m01/m00;
 cvCircle( image,
 cvPoint(cvRound(centroid_x), cvRound(centroid_y)),
 50, CV_RGB(125,125,0), 4, 8,0);
And where Earth is in the photo, I got such a result:
So, centroid is on the Earth. :(
Trying cvHoughCircles:
CvMemStorage* storage = cvCreateMemStorage(0);
CvSeq* circles = cvHoughCircles(dst, storage, CV_HOUGH_GRADIENT, 12,
 dst->width/2, 255, 100, 0, 35);
if ( circles->total > 0 ) {
 // getting first found circle
 float* circle = (float*)cvGetSeqElem( circles, 0 );
 // Drawing:
 // green center dot
 cvCircle( image, cvPoint(cvRound(circle[0]),cvRound(circle[1])),
 3, CV_RGB(0,255,0), -1, 8, 0 );
 // wrapping red circle
 cvRound(circle[2]), CV_RGB(255,0,0), 3, 8, 0 );
First example: bingo, but the second - no ;(
I've tried different configuration of cvHoughCircles() - couldn't find configuration to fit every my example photo.
matchTemplate approach worked for me ( response of mevatron ). It worked with big number of tests.
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3 Answers 3
up vote 6 down vote accepted
How about trying a simple matchTemplate approach. I used this template image:
enter image description here
And, it detected the 3 out of 3 of the sun images I tried: enter image description here enter image description here enter image description here
This should work due to the fact that circles (in your case the sun) are rotationally invariant, and since you are so far away from the sun it should be roughly scale invariant as well. So, template matching will work quite nicely here.
Finally, here is the code that I used to do this:
_TAG_
_TAG_
_TAG_
_TAG_
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
 /// Load image and template
 string inputName = "sun2.png";
 string outputName = "sun2_detect.png";
 Mat img = imread( inputName, 1 );
 Mat templ = imread( "sun_templ.png", 1 );
 /// Create the result matrix
 int result_cols = img.cols - templ.cols + 1;
 int result_rows = img.rows - templ.rows + 1;
 Mat result( result_cols, result_rows, CV_32FC1 );
 /// Do the Matching and Normalize
 matchTemplate(img, templ, result, CV_TM_CCOEFF);
 Point maxLoc;
 minMaxLoc(result, NULL, NULL, NULL, &maxLoc);
 rectangle(img, maxLoc, Point( maxLoc.x + templ.cols, maxLoc.y + templ.rows ), Scalar(0, 255, 0), 2);
 imshow("img", img);
 imshow("result", result);
 imwrite(outputName, img);
 return 0;
Hope you find that helpful!
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Actually, the reasons this is working are different from the mentioned ones. For a starter, there is nothing resembling the used template anywhere else in these images. Also, this is much more likely to be several times slower than the initial morphological approach. – mmgp Dec 17 '12 at 23:43
Good points indeed :) However, since I was assuming the space ship is in our solar system, I believe it's safe to say only one Sun will show up :D – mevatron Jan 24 '13 at 15:40
I guess this would fail if any part of the HUD (the pilot user interface) gets on top of the sun. Unless the template matching gives a score on how good the match is, that way you could threshold the top results and it would probably work with some obstructions. – Rui Marques Feb 25 at 16:36
Color Segmentation Approach
Do a color segmentation on the images to identify objects on the black background. You may identify the sun according to its area (given this uniquely identifies it, resp. don't varies largely accross images). A more sophisticated approach could compute image moments, e.g. hu moments of the objects. See this page for these features.
Use a classification algorithm of your choice to do the actual classification of the objects found. The most simple approach is to manually specify thresholds, resp. value ranges that turn out to work for all(most) of your object/image combinations.
You may compute the actual position from the raw moments, as for the circular sun the position is equal to the center of mass
Centroid: {x, y } = { M10/M00, M01/M00 }
Edge Map Approach
Another option would be a circle hough transformation of the edge map, this will hopefully return some candidate circles (by position and radius). You may select the sun-circle according to the radius you expect (if you are lucky there is at most one).
share|improve this answer
I think with image moments it won't work. If there will be only the sun on the screen - than, the center of the Sun is Centroid point. But if Earth takes some screen's part (like in image #1 top left), than this part is "heavier" than Sun and Centroid will be shifted. I've tried with CircleHough, and it doesn't work for all my example photos... – Innuendo Nov 22 '11 at 0:31
I've updated my questions - examples were added – Innuendo Nov 22 '11 at 1:14
A simple addition to your code is to filter out objects based on their size. If you always expect the earth to be much bigger than the sun, or the sun to have almost the same area in each picture, you can filter it by area.
Try Blob detector for this task.
And note that it may be good to apply a morphological opening/closing instead of simple erode or dilate, so your sun will have almost the same area before and after processing.
share|improve this answer
thanx, i think it would be usefull for me, but my openCv build doesn't have blob detector, and I'm novice in C++ (i won't be able to compile the newest version) – Innuendo Nov 22 '11 at 20:40
Take the latest OpenCV from sourceforge sourceforge.net/projects/opencvlibrary And to use it is as simple as the increment operator :) It's already compiled. And.. did you add using namespace cv? How don't you have the blob detector? – sammy Nov 23 '11 at 6:50
Your Answer


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have the following table for storing user data:
TABLE: users
maritalStatus (INT) - FK
gender (CHAR)
occupation (INT) - FK
Now I want to compare two users in this table to see how many columns match for any two given users (say user X & user Y)
I am doing it via mySQL Stored Procedures by getting each value separately and then comparing them
 SELECT maritalStatus from users where userID = X INTO myVar1;
 SELECT maritalStatus from users where userID = Y INTO myVar2;
 IF myVar1 = myVar2 THEN
 END IF;
Is there a shorter way using an SQL query where I can compare two rows in a table and see which columns are different? I dont need to know how much different they actually are, just need to know if they contain the same value. Also I will only be comparing selected columns, not every column in the user table.
share|improve this question
4 Answers 4
up vote 4 down vote accepted
This will select the number of columns that are not the same for user x and user y:
SELECT ( u1.martialStatus <> u2.martialStatus )
 + ( u1.gender <> u2.gender )
 + ( u1.occupation <> u2.occupation )
 users u1,
 users u2
WHERE u1.id = x
 AND u2.id = y
share|improve this answer
Excellect - thank you Peter, this is what I was looking for! – Sydney Boy May 9 '12 at 5:57
You can also use this:
 -- add other columns as needed
= (b.lastname,a.gender) as similar,
 a.lastname as a_lastname,
 a.firstname as a_firstname,
 a.age as a_age,
 'x' as x,
 b.lastname as b_lastname,
 b.firstname as b_firstname,
 b.age as b_age
from person a
cross join person b
where a.id = 1 and b.id = 2
1 Lennon John 40 x Lennon Julian 15
Live test: _URL_
share|improve this answer
You can count the number of users with the same columns using group by:
select u1.maritalStatus
, u1.gender
, u1.occupation
, count(*)
from users u1
group by
, u1.gender
, u1.occupation
share|improve this answer
Thanks for your response - however I need a query that specifically compares two given users. Your query simply lists the no. of users with a specific value. I would need to also specify which users I am comparing with a WHERE clause (e.g. WHERE userid = 87 AND userid = 88) - hope thats clear. – Sydney Boy May 8 '12 at 7:06
Well basicly the relevant row would give the value 2 if both users have the same maritalStatus, gender, occupation. You could add a WHERE u1.user_id IN (id1, id2) and see if there's one row with the value 2 returned. – Robin Castlin May 8 '12 at 7:07
_USER_: I think Peter Lang's answer might be what you're looking for? – Andomar May 8 '12 at 7:09
Just a continued example of Peter Langs suggestion in PHP:
$arr_cols = array('martialStatus', 'gender', 'occupation');
$arr_where = array();
$arr_select = array();
foreach($arr_cols as $h) {
 $arr_having[] = "compare_{$h}";
 $arr_select[] = "(u1.{$h}!= u2.{$h}) AS compare_{$h}";
$str_having = implode(' + ', $arr_where);
$str_select = implode(', ', $arr_where);
$query = mysql_query("
SELECT {$str_select}
FROM users AS u1, users AS u2
WHERE u1.userid = {$int_userid_1} AND u2.userid = {$int_userid_2}
HAVING {$str_having} > 0
/* Having case can be removed if you need the row regardless. */
/* Afterwards you check these values: */
$row = mysql_fetch_assoc($query);
foreach($arr_cols as $h)
 if ($row["compare_{$h}"])
 echo "Found difference in column {$h}!";
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
opens the specified file, URL, or other target with the associated program on your computer system.
- SystemOpen sends its target to the operating system, which then opens it using its default application for the target type given.
- URLs and URIs must include explicit http:, mailto:, ftp:, etc. prefixes.
- SystemOpen["file"] is essentially equivalent to double-clicking the file icon in your operating system.
- SystemOpen["file"] searches for the specified file in the directories given in $Path.
- SystemOpen["file"] returns $Failed if the specified file does not exist.
New in 7


I am running a 5e campaign where my players own a Keep. On the surrounding property there is a pond, about 25 ft in diameter and 15 ft deep. My player's level 14 Cleric wants to turn the pond into Holy Water, he believes that this will give him unlimited holy water.
In the player's handbook it says"A cleric or paladin may create Holy Water by performing a special ritual. The ritual takes 1 hour to perform, uses 25gp worth of powdered silver, and requires the caster to expend a 1st-level spell slot" and Holy Water comes in flasks which suggests that 25gp is used for 1 pint of water.
How long and how much money will it take him to turn the whole pond Holy? Will the pond dilute, as in the already Holy water loosing potency, if it takes him multiple days? What about dilution due to rain?
If you could figure this out for me I would appreciate it
It is impractical to make the pond Holy using the ritual.
Assuming that the pond is perfectly cylindrical, it has a volume of 7,363 cubic feet. Google claims that such a volume is equal to 440,633 pints. All of the flasks listed on PHB 152-3 contain 1 pint, so if we assume that the ritual makes 1 pint of holy water, it would take as many hours to make all of that water Holy according to the PHB ritual.
A cleric of any level can spend at most 16 hours a day doing the rituals, because they have to spend at least 8 hours a day resting in order to get their spell slots back. At that rate, it would take 75 years and about 11 million gp worth of silver to turn the entire pond into holy water.
Unless I've made a serious math mistake somewhere, this order-of-magnitude calculation shows that it doesn't make sense to turn a large body of water into holy water.
However, the cleric does have the Divine Intervention class feature (PHB 59):
It seems to me that making a pond full of holy water would be within the purview of this feature, though it's ultimately up to you as the DM to decide.
There are no rules for potency.
I could not find any rules that dictate whether or not Holy Water retains its powers if diluted. Therefore, it's probably up to you as the DM to determine this.
What's the point?
Currently, in the rules, holy water doesn't have too much importance; it's a somewhat weak attack against fiends and undead, and it's a component of some spells.
I think that it's likely that your cleric player wants to accomplish something specific with the holy water. You should ask him what he wants to do with all that holy water, and then work with him on how he can accomplish that particular goal, instead of getting hung up on specifics like this. I find that focusing on intents and goals, rather than whether particular methods are impractical or not, tends to have better results at the table.
 - 7
 \$\begingroup\$ It's reasonably possible creating a lake of holy water may well be the end goal in and of itself-- that's sort of a classic mythy thing. \$\endgroup\$ – Please stop being evil Jun 10 '17 at 20:48
 - 1
 \$\begingroup\$ Also this answer assumes that the ritual produces 1 pint of holy water. While the player's possible assumption that the ritual produces as much holy water as you have water for the ritual is ill founded, the idea that the ritual produces a single pint doesn't really have any support either. Basically, the rules say you can make the stuff, but are largely silent on how much you get and how it works. \$\endgroup\$ – Please stop being evil Jun 10 '17 at 21:09
 - 6
 \$\begingroup\$ _USER_, I agree that the amount of water produced is not clearly stated. Still, the paragraph describing its creation is in the same section that refers to a "flask," so it's probably closer to a pint than a full pond. Also, I'd argue that it's impractical even if I'm off by an order of magnitude... \$\endgroup\$ – Icyfire Jun 10 '17 at 21:23
 - \$\begingroup\$ _USER_ How big is your flask? \$\endgroup\$ – KorvinStarmast Jun 11 '17 at 1:40
 - 4
 \$\begingroup\$ _USER_ You don't have to assume. p. 153 of PHB says a flask holds one pint. \$\endgroup\$ – KorvinStarmast Jun 11 '17 at 2:01
Your Answer


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Difference between revisions of "COSMOS Reconciliation Taxonomy"
(Reconciliation Taxonomy)
(Reconciliation Taxonomy)
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= Reconciliation Taxonomy =

= Reconciliation Taxonomy =
 +
Opening brief statement what this is.

=== '''Change History''' ===

=== '''Change History''' ===
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== '''Development Process'''==

== '''Development Process'''==

to MJ: I can fill in some of this if you like since I can include the parts that are fixed due to the Eclipse process
+
''to MJ: I can fill in some of this if you like since I can include the parts that are fixed due to the Eclipse process
 +

 +
I can also provide info as to where to find it in CVS''

== '''Open Issues/Questions '''==

== '''Open Issues/Questions '''==

[[Category:COSMOS]]

[[Category:COSMOS]]
Revision as of 14:50, 7 November 2008
Reconciliation Taxonomy
Opening brief statement what this is.
Change History
Name: Date: Revised Sections:
Mark Johnson 11/7/2008
 - Initial version
Terminologies/Acronyms
The terminologies/acronyms below are commonly used throughout this document. The list below defines each term regarding how it is used in this document:
Term Definition
MDR management data repository
CMDBf CMDB Federated is a specification for a CMDB that federates between multiple MDRs
federating CMDB the CMDB that federates between MDRs, offering a common access point to clients and correlating identifying record data
CMDB configuration management database
Query service MDRs make data available to Clients via a Query service. Queries may select and return items, relationships, and/or graphs containing items and relationships.
Purpose
Development Process
to MJ: I can fill in some of this if you like since I can include the parts that are fixed due to the Eclipse process
I can also provide info as to where to find it in CVS
Open Issues/Questions


Choisissez votre langueVersion française
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Tel. +33 (0) 1 43 47 33 00
Flag frontage sign
Actif Signal makes lighted signs for stores, but also frontage signs called flags, lighted or not.
Flag sign made by Actif SIgnal
Lighted flag frontage sign (LED lighting in chamber) – ParisMade by Actif Signal
Actif Signal uses the same techniques to design, manufacture and install lighted signs made with neon tubes for stores, shops, and decorations for events such as fashion parades.
Flag Frontage Signs: What you should know
When it comes to marketing, exposure is a crucial matter. In order to attract clientele, a great deal of stores and commercial structures use flag signs. What are they and what is their purpose?
A brief history of signs
Lighted signs appeared for the first time in 1910. It is a Frenchman, by the name of Georges Claude, who invented them, but these products were first seen in the United States. Made with neon tubes, these signs were designed to catch the eye of the customer. Visible from afar and illuminated at night, they indicate the existence of the facility and its functions. Since its first appearance, the lighted sign has taken different shapes. In most cases, they can be found as a banner. Parallel to the front of the building, they can be affixed above a showcase or on a door lintel. Then, come the designs that are installed on rooftops, or affixed on the ground. Of course, the neon lighted signs are not to be forgotten.
Over the years, these so-called commercial signs have been reinvented in order to answer public demands and merchant's needs. This is how the flag signs started to develop. Copying the concept of advertisement signs, a flag sign is in the form of a box, single or double sided. It is affixed perpendicularly to the frontage of the building, high up, and helps promoting a store, a place, or a company.
Purpose of the Flag signs
To ensure a business or company's exposure, advertising elements are necessary. Thus, lots of professionals choose a flag design. Whether it's a simple sign, a lighted one or a flag sign, their purpose remains the same. If your premises are located in a busy street, the installation of a sign will catch the eye of the customer, and lead them towards you. It will also inform bystanders on your activities and the services you offer.
When setting up your flag sign, you have to make sure its design is appealing. While standard shapes like rectangles, squares or ovals have proven their effectiveness, a touch of fantasy and originality can also bring a little extra to you frontage. A tailor-made and colorful sign will help you stand out from the competition.
The different flag sign types.
The flag sign comes in different shapes and sizes depending on the customer's demands. Depending on your facility's layout, you can choose a simple or double sided sign. Some shops, like pharmacies or drugstores, usually elect a neon or LED lighted flag sign. Hotels and restaurants often opt for canvas flag signs, which combine metal chambers and canvas. Object-shaped flag signs also exist; for example, opticians choose flag signs shaped like glasses.
Illuminated signs
Because the first goal of a flag sign is to catch the eye of the public, it is advised to make it as visible as possible. The choice of an illuminated sign is then the best option. It has the advantage of capturing the public's attention while ensuring a strong exposure, night and day. Before putting up your lighted flag sign, you can choose, depending on the result you are expecting, between neon and LED
Neon signs.
If you opt for a neon-illuminated flag sign, you will have to choose between glass neon and flexible neon. Glass neon tubes are fluorescent tube, located under or behind a glass plate, and they light up the chamber. Flexible neon, on the other hand, covers what glass tubes can't.
Neon lighted flag signs have plenty of advantages. Amongst the most noticeable, neon can bend to the wishes of the customer. Indeed, these tubes can come in different diameters and are suitable for every mount and every shape. Neon also covers a 360° angle of lighting, which ensures a great exposure at night. It also comes in different colors and generates a strong and homogenous light. But the greatest advantage of the neon lighting lies in its lifespan. If the flag sign is located indoors, the neon can last up to 7 years, even if it is functioning 24/7. If located outdoors, the lighting will last up to 4 years if lit 24/7.
Although Neon has a great lifespan, its cons are not to be taken lightly: It is important to know that this type of installation is very difficult to put up and is very delicate. It is also very demanding in terms of energy. Lastly, a neon sign can cause electric shock in the case of an improper installation.
Neon gives a "neo-retro" look to your sign. The flag signs using neon lighting are designed and tailor-made on Actif Signal's manufacturing site. A neon lighting sign has to be put up by an installer in possession of the required electrical certifications. Actif Signal's installation teams all have the necessary certifications (H0 B0, H1 B1…).
LED signs
If you are not inspired by a neon-lighted flag sign, you can also chose an LED lighted sign. This type of sign will fit any and all of your needs.
If you need a static image, you can opt for a decoration LED flag sign. Made for indoor display, they regroup both displaying screens and decorative signs. They are preferred for advertising or promotional messages. If you want an animated sign, you can choose programmable LED signs. Durable, they are made for outdoor display. They can be set to flash or to display a message, night and day.
As opposed to neon flag signs, LED signs are more reliable. They are also very cost-efficient, and can be lit for up to 100 000 hours (11.5 years) before needing replacement. LED lights are also appreciated for their energy efficiency: as they do not diffuse any UV nor infrared, they are recyclable. An LED flag sign is also durable and safe. Sturdy, it is impact and vibration resistant, and temperature proof. Moreover, it does not present any electrical shock risk, contrary to neon lighting. With LED lighting, you can also choose from a great variety of colors and have a greater lighting power than that of neon light. The Light Emitting Diodes generate a brighter and more intense light that can be seen from farther away. Lastly, an LED flag sign can be programmed to show images or advertising messages. This type of colored animation is still energy efficient, and does not range down the lifespan of the lighting.
As for neon flag signs, LEDs also have cons. Its cost is the most prominent one; LEDs are significantly more expensive than the other lighting systems. However, it is highly compensated by its longevity and energy efficiency. Another major disadvantage of LED signs is its light field: it is less luminous than neon or than a lighted box, and does not propagate light efficiently around the facility.
Visual aspect of the flag signs
Once the decision to opt for a flag frontage sign has been made, you should always keep in mind that it conveys a message while being a guide to the customer. Because it symbolizes the activities and the offers of your business, it should be original.
The flag signs will be made according to the customer's demands. They usually include basic geometrical shapes (square, rectangle, circle…). Very traditional, this option can still have a strong impact if the sign includes colors, images or creative text. The use of LED or neon to illuminate the sign and make it even more visible can certainly be an asset to a business. In some cases, for specialized businesses like pharmacies or opticians, flag signs can come in particular shapes. We can find, in some streets, lighted crosses indicating a pharmacy, or a huge pair of glasses to signal an optician's shop.
Current regulations regarding Flag Frontage Signs.
There are specific regulations regarding flag signs, which were put in place in order to avoid "visual pollution". These norms vary depending on the type of business, the location of the sign and the objective it tries to achieve.
The rules apply mainly to the installation. While setting up a flag sign, we have to ensure that it does not exceed 25cm horizontally over the wall. It is also important that it does not cover more than 15% of the frontage, unless the frontage is larger than 50m², then it can cover it up to 25%. A flag sign cannot be affixed on a balcony or a glass front. Lastly, it has to be exactly as large as 1/10th of the distance from the public road.
Of course, the visual aspect of a lighted flag sign is entirely up to the customer. It is fairly common to find cake-shaped or baguette-like signs for boulangeries and bakeries, or regularly shaped ones with unique artwork for bars, hotels or even travel agency.
Be visible, opt for a flag sign
You are a merchant, a franchise, a pharmacy, a restaurant… chose a lighted flag sign. This type of sign is the ideal signage element and completes your existing signs. If you still hesitate between a neon or LED flag, a rectangular or an oval shape... Contact us, our engineering consultants


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Identify Exhaustive Events
In this worksheet, students will practise identifying exhaustive events and look at the probability of an event not happening.
'Identify Exhaustive Events' worksheet
Key stage: KS 4
GCSE Subjects: Maths
GCSE Boards: AQA, Eduqas, Pearson Edexcel, OCR,
Curriculum topic: Probability
Curriculum subtopic: Probability Combined Events and Probability Diagrams
Difficulty level:
Worksheet Overview
In other activities, we have looked at finding a single probability. This time, we're going to look at exhaustive events.
What are exhaustive events?
Exhaustive events are two events that describe everything that could happen.
For example, if I throw a coin, getting a head and getting a tail are the only two things that could happen, so they are exhaustive.
If a roll a dice, getting a 2 and getting a 3 are not exhaustive as they don't describe everything that could happen.
If I roll a dice, getting a 2 and not getting a 2 are exhaustive as they describe everything that could happen.
Probabilities adding to 1
We know that if something is certain, it has a probability of 1.
We can use this fact to find the probability of something not happening.
Find the probability of rolling a dice and not getting a 2.
Let's look at the example from above with the dice.
The probability that I get a 2 and the probability that I don't get a 2 are exhaustive, this means that one of them is certain to happen. This means we can say that:
P(getting a 2) + P(not getting a 2) = 1
If we rearrange this...
P(not getting a 2) = 1 - P(getting a 2).
This means that if we know the probability of something happening, we can find the probability of it not happening.
P(not getting a 2) = 1 - 1/6 = 5/6
Time for some questions now.
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text:
Hugh Latimer Dryden image
|Biographical Information||July 2, 1898|
|Died||December 2, 1965 (aged 67)|
|Alma mater||Johns Hopkins University |
|Thesis ||Air forces on circular cylinders, axes normal to the wind, with special reference to the law of dynamical similarity (1919)|
Hugh Latimer Dryden was born on July 2, 1898 (age 67) in Maryland, United States. He is a Celebrity Astrologer. Aeronautical scientist who served as NASA Deputy Administrator from 1958 until his death seven years later. He led the development of the "Bat", a radar-homing guided bomb program during WWII. According to numerology, Hugh Latimer Dryden's Life Path Number is 8. More information on Hugh Latimer Dryden can be found here. This article will clarify Hugh Latimer Dryden's Bio, Wikipedia, Age, Birthday, Height, Numerology and other information.
His parents were named Samuel and Nova.
Hugh Latimer Dryden, born 7-2-1898, prior to his renown in the Astrologer world, he attended John Hopkins University where he studied physics and math.
In Astrologer professional career, he was portrayed by George Bartenieff in the TV miniseries From the Earth to the Moon.
In Numerology, People with the Life Path Number 8 are usually associated with being natural and prolific leaders. They have excellent management skills and are always up to achieving something great, especially when involved in financial or business matters. Hugh Latimer Dryden is a person like that.
Hugh Latimer Dryden was born in 1898, that means in 2023, Hugh Latimer Dryden has personal year number 7. This is the second bottoming phase, there will be many challenges and difficulties for Hugh Latimer Dryden in this year, especially in His career. He should prepare everything for the 8th year.
Information about His net worth in 2023 is being updated as soon as possible by infofamouspeople.com, You can also click edit to tell us what the Net Worth of the Hugh Latimer Dryden is
- Hugh Latimer Dryden was born on July 2, 1898 (age 67) in Maryland, United States ● He is a Celebrity Astrologer ● He real name is Hugh Latimer Dryden


text:
Abstract: In this paper, genetic algorithm has been investigated for the enhancement of the visible and infrared images. The algorithm was effective as the contents of the images became clear with the successive iterations. The algorithm was applied on the image for 200 random DNAs with successive iterations. The analysis of the results showed that the quality of images get enhanced with the successive iterations.
Keywords: Genetic Algorithm, Image Enhancement, DNA.


DDGS particle separation behind shipping cost troubles
March 30, 2010
WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. - A Purdue University study solves a mystery that has long plagued ethanol producers and driven up shipping costs of a byproduct sold as cattle feed.
Distillers dried grains with solubles, or DDGS, is the grain product left after production of ethanol. However, when filled with DDGS, railcars register different weights – sometimes many tons different from each other – lowering shipping efficiency and raising costs.
The reason, according to Klein Ileleji, an assistant professor of agricultural and biological engineering, is that the cars aren't all holding the same-sized particles.
Previous studies show that when poured, like-sized DDGS particles congregate, with the smallest, called fines, accumulating in the center of the pile and the larger particles moving to the outside. Ileleji and doctoral student Clairmont Clementson hypothesized that this is what happens when DDGS is poured into railcar hoppers for transport.
To test the theory, Ileleji and Clementson created a scaled-down mechanism that mimicked the loading of railcar hoppers. When simulated, the first containers had mostly fines, with proceeding containers getting more of the larger particles. The containers with fines weighed more because they can be packed more densely.
"When we analyzed our data with what we would expect in theory, the weight pattern of our containers can be explained by particle segregation during filling of the hoppers, which is amplified during discharge, causing bulk density variation," said Ileleji, whose results were published in the early online edition of the journal Bioresource Technology.
The problem is exacerbated by the tendency of DDGS to discharge from hoppers in a funnel-like flow pattern in which the fines that have accumulated at the hopper's core are released first. Outside contents, which are primarily larger in size, are released last. Even mass-flow hoppers with steep sidewall angles designed to release their contents in layers caused weight irregularities because the DDGS continued to exhibit funnel-flow tendencies.
Ileleji suggests either finding a way to mix the contents better during loading or using a process he patented to create uniform-sized particles.
"The granules are larger, so they would not pack as well as fines. But granules are denser than the same amount of fines, so you get more in the same amount of space," Ileleji said. "This would ensure that railcars would weigh about the same amount and help control the cost of shipping DDGS."
Ileleji said the next step is to verify lab studies with field data and test loading methods in the field to reduce variability in DDGS bulk density during loading. An Anderson's Research Grant from Multistate Project NC-213 for Marketing and Delivery of Quality Grains and BioProcess Co-products and a Purdue Research Foundation fellowship funded the research as part of Clementson's doctoral work.
Source: Klein Ileleji, _PHONE_, _EMAIL_
Ag Communications: _PHONE_;
Steve Leer, _EMAIL_
Agriculture News Page
Variability of Bulk Density Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles (DDGS)
During Gravity-Driven Discharge
C.L. Clementson and K. E. Ileleji
Loading railcars with consistent tonnage has immense cost implications for the shipping of distillers' dried grains with soluble (DDGS) product. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the bulk density variability of DDGS during filling of railcar hoppers. An apparatus was developed similar to a spinning riffler sampler in order to simulate the filling of railcars at an ethanol plant. There was significant difference (P<0.05) between the initial and final measures of bulk density and particle size as the hoppers were emptied in both mass and funnel-flow patterns. Particle segregation that takes place during filling of hoppers contributed to the bulk density variation and was explained by particle size variation. This phenomenon is most likely the same throughout the industry and an appropriate sampling procedure should be adopted for measuring the bulk density of DDGS stored in silos or transported in railcar hoppers.


text:
The Boston Harbor Islands Advisory Council is the primary mechanism for public involvement on matters of park planning and management. The Council's role is to advise park managers in the planning and operation of the park, doing so through public meetings, workshops, and other general public forums. Notwithstanding the Council's role, the Partnership agency members also conduct public consultation independently on matters within their jurisdiction.
The National Park Service uses an online collaborative tool to aid conservation planning, environmental impact analysis, and informed decision-making. PEPC—Planning, Environment and Public Comment—is designed for:
To participate on line, go to _URL_.
Did You Know?
Scientists have recently identified a beach-dwelling ground beetle at Boston Harbor Islands that has not been seen in North America for over 100 years. It is believed the beetle, Bembmidion nigropiceum, was brought to Boston from Europe in the 1800s via ship ballasts.