When was the Dishwasher Invented😄🤩😃
The dishwasher is an appliance that has become a staple in many households around the world. It has revolutionized the way we clean our dishes and has saved us countless hours of laborious hand-washing. But when was the dishwasher invented? Who can we thank for this incredible invention? In this article, we will explore the history of the dishwasher and how it has evolved over time.
The earliest known reference to a mechanical device for washing dishes dates back to 1850. Joel Houghton, an American from Ogden, New York, received the first U.S. patent for a hand-powered washing machine that was designed for cleaning dishes. The machine consisted of a wooden tub with a hand-operated crank that rotated a series of gears, which in turn drove a reciprocating paddle. The paddle was designed to agitate the water and the dishes, cleaning them in the process.
Houghton's invention was not a commercial success, and it wasn't until 1886 that a mechanical dishwasher was patented by Josephine Cochrane. Cochrane was the wealthy wife of a politician and socialite who was frustrated with the way her servants were handling her fine china. She decided to take matters into her own hands and designed a machine that would clean her dishes more effectively.
Cochrane's dishwasher was a massive improvement on Houghton's machine. It featured a motor-driven belt that moved the dishes through a series of compartments, where they were washed with hot soapy water, rinsed with hot water, and then dried with hot air. The machine was a success, and Cochrane's company, which later became known as KitchenAid, went on to sell dishwashers to hotels and restaurants.
3 Best GE Dishwashers 1 When was the Dishwasher Invented😄🤩😃
Despite its commercial success, the dishwasher did not become a common household appliance until the mid-20th century. It was considered a luxury item and was too expensive for most families to afford. However, as the cost of production decreased and the technology improved, dishwashers became more accessible to the average person.
In the 1950s, dishwashers began to feature more advanced features, such as spray arms, which replaced the paddles used in earlier models. This allowed for a more thorough cleaning of the dishes and reduced the amount of water needed. By the 1960s, dishwashers were becoming increasingly common in households across the United States and Europe.
Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, dishwasher technology continued to improve, with the introduction of more energy-efficient models and electronic controls. Manufacturers also began to offer different sizes and styles of dishwashers to suit a variety of kitchen designs.
Today, dishwashers are an essential appliance in many households. They are more energy-efficient than ever before, and many models feature advanced features such as adjustable racks, multiple wash cycles, and even Wi-Fi connectivity. They have come a long way since Joel Houghton's hand-cranked machine and Josephine Cochrane's motor-driven belt.
When did dishwashers become popular?
Dishwashers became popular in the United States in the 1950s. After World War II, dishwashers started to become more affordable and accessible to the average American household. The invention of automatic dishwashers allowed people to save time on washing dishes and freed up time for other activities. This shift in convenience helped to make dishwashers a common household item.
Prior to the 1950s, dishwashing was a labor-intensive task that often required multiple people working together. However, with the invention of automatic dishwashers, one person could easily complete this chore. As technology improved, so did the efficiency of dishwashers; they became quieter and more energy efficient, allowing them to become even more popular among households.
Today, most households have at least one dishwasher and it is considered an essential home appliance in many parts of the world. It has become a staple in modern kitchens and continues to be refined as technology advances.
When was electric dishwasher invented?
The first electric dishwasher was invented in 1886 by Josephine Cochrane. She was an American inventor who wanted to make the chore of washing dishes easier and faster. Her original invention consisted of a motorized wheel that rotated a rack of dishes through a copper tub filled with hot soapy water. This invention was presented at the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago and won the highest award for mechanical construction. It was then commercially produced and sold, becoming more popular as households began to rely on electricity and plumbing systems became more common. Today, electric dishwashers are used all over the world, making it easy to keep our dishes clean without having to do them manually.
Who invented the dishwasher?
The dishwasher was invented by Josephine Cochrane in 1886. She was a wealthy socialite from Shelbyville, Illinois who wanted to find a way to keep her expensive china from being damaged while being washed. She enlisted the help of mechanic George Butters to construct a machine that would use water pressure to push water through the dishes and clean them.
The first version of the dishwasher was made out of a wheel, metal racks, and a motorized pump. It was displayed at the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago where it received much acclaim. After that, Cochrane founded the Garis-Cochran Company which manufactured and sold dishwashers until they were bought out by KitchenAid in 1986.
Today, dishwashers are found in most households around the world as an essential kitchen appliance.
In conclusion, the dishwasher is an appliance that has been around for over 100 years, and it has undergone significant changes and improvements during that time. From the hand-cranked machine of the 1850s to the advanced, energy-efficient models of today, the dishwasher has come a long way. It is an essential appliance in many households and has made our lives easier by taking the labor out of dishwashing. We owe a debt of gratitude to Joel Houghton and Josephine Cochrane for their pioneering work in developing the dishwasher, and to the many engineers and designers who have continued to improve it over the years.
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Wiley Park Flower Delivery
Send beautiful flowers and gifts to Wiley Park. Whether for birthdays, mothers day, valentines day or any other occasion, we can deliver to Wiley Park. Check out our gorgeous creations today.
Wiley Park Name Origin
Wiley Park is named after John Wiley, who bequeathed land for the park to the former Canterbury Council when he died in 1895.
Wiley Park Settlement History
Settlement of the area dates from 1832 when the first land grant was made, with development primarily from the 1940s and 1950s. The park bequeathed by John Wiley to the Council in 1895 was progressively developed through the 1920s and 1930s, and has more recently been redeveloped as a passive recreation area with a pond and amphitheatre. The population fluctuated slightly during the 1990s, and then increased slightly between 2001 and 2011 as new dwellings were added to the area.
Wiley Park Features
Major features of the area include Wiley Park, Defoe Street Reserve, Johnsen Square, the Wiley Park railway station and several schools.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Sir Richard Grenville (1542 – 1591) was an English sailor, sea captain and explorer. He took part in the early English attempts to settle the New World. He was in the fight against the Spanish Armada. He died in 1591 at the Battle of Flores, fighting against overwhelming odds, and refusing to surrender his ship, the Revenge, to the far more numerous Spanish.
Sir Richard Grenville was a British naval commander. He was born of an old Cornish family in about 1541. His grandfather, Sir Richard, was a marshal of Calais during the time of Henry VIII. Richard Grenville's father commanded and lost his life in the "Mary Rose" in 1545. At an early age Richard Grenville served in Hungary under the emperor Maximilian against the Turks.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
A. Measure camshaft lobe height (B) on one
exhaust and one intake lobe.
B. Measure base circle (C) of one exhaust and
one intake lobe.
C. Subtract base circle (STEP B) from lobe
height (STEP A). The difference is actual
lobe lift (A).
D. Specified camshaft lobe lift (A) is .3300 in.
AIR INLET AND EXHAUST SYSTEM
TESTING AND ADJUSTING
PROCEDURE FOR MEASURING
To find lobe lift, use the procedure that follows:
Maximum permissible difference between actual
lobe lift (STEP C) and specified lobe lift (STEP D) is
.010 in. (0.25 mm).

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


nlevels(age_bucket) .
creating z-scores for subset of rows
No need for a loop in this case. Use vectorization, instead. Let's consider the following simulated data: (not sure it will reproduce exactly your dataset, but hopefully you'll get the general idea)
dfrm <- data.frame(cond=gl(2, 1, 100, labels=LETTERS[1:2]),
 user=gl(50, 2, labels=paste("id", 1:20, sep="")),
 sensitivity=runif(100, 1, 5))
Computing z-scores is as simple as
dfrm$z.sensitivity <- scale(dfrm$sensitivity)
If you want z-scores conditional on cond, then you can do either
with(dfrm, tapply(sensitivity, cond, scale))
or, using plyr,
ddply(dfrm, c("cond"), transform, sensitivity.z = scale(sensitivity))
How to subset out some alphabetically arranged columns from a dataframe?
You can try something like this
dfrm <- data.frame(replicate(26, rnorm(10)))
colnames(dfrm) <- paste("COL", LETTERS, sep="_")
which(substr(colnames(dfrm), 5, 6) %in% LETTERS[3:6])
The last expression returns column number that match the letters C to F. See also match, and this related thread: Get column index from label in a data frame.
Which set of python libraries i should learn for AI and Data mining stuff
In addition to the scikit cited by @aix, you might want to take a look at the following libraries:
I'll really second investigating orange capabilities which is a full-featured application for data mining, but you can call it from external scripts, see e.g. the Beginning with Orange tutorial to get an idea.
Is there any publications about how to use association rules as SVM feature?
Here are some articles that might be (or not) relevant to your question:
 1. Keivan Kianmehr and Reda Alhajj. Effective Classification by Integrating Support Vector Machine and Association Rule Mining. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2006, Volume 4224/2006, 920-927
 2. He et al. Extracting rule from SVM based on association rules, in Rule extraction from support vector machines (Ed. J Diederich), Springer, 2008
You may also want to google articles related to what is known as associative classification.
data.frame with a column containing a matrix in R
The result you got (2 rows x 3 columns) is what is to be expected from R, as it amounts to cbind a vector (id, with recycling) and a matrix (m).
IMO, it would be better to use list or array (when dimensions agree, no mix of numeric and factors values allowed), if you really want to bind different data structures. Otherwise, just cbind your matrix to an existing data.frame if both have the same number of rows will do the job. For example
x1 <- replicate(2, rnorm(10))
x2 <- replicate(2, rnorm(10))
x12l <- list(x1=x1, x2=x2)
x12a <- array(rbind(x1, x2), dim=c(10,2,2))
and the results reads
> str(x12l)
List of 2
 $ x1: num [1:10, 1:2] -0.326 0.552 -0.675 0.214 0.311 ...
 $ x2: num [1:10, 1:2] -0.164 0.709 -0.268 -1.464 0.744 ...
> str(x12a)
 num [1:10, 1:2, 1:2] -0.326 0.552 -0.675 0.214 0.311 ...
Lists are easier to use if you plan to use matrix of varying dimensions, and providing they are organized in the same way (for rows) as an external data.frame you can subset them as easily. Here is an example:
df1 <- data.frame(grp=gl(2, 5, labels=LETTERS[1:2]),
 age=sample(seq(25,35), 10, rep=T))
with(df1, tapply(x12l$x1[,1], list(grp, age), mean))
You can also use lapply (for list) and apply (for array) functions.
save align.plot()
Can't you just use grid.arrange() (instead of align.plot()), and use standard png device instead of ggsave() which expect ggplot objects?
dsamp <- diamonds[sample(nrow(diamonds), 1000), ]
p1 <- qplot(carat, price, data=dsamp, colour=clarity)
p2 <- qplot(carat, price, data=dsamp, colour=clarity, geom="path")
library(gridExtra)
png("a.png")
grid.arrange(p1, p2) # add ncol=2 to arrange as two-column
dev.off()
What javascript libraries can make a radial convergence graph?
Two top-notch libraries for data visualization are
Which packages make good use of S4 objects?
I would go for kernlab, which additionally includes a lot of C code.
It comes with an handy vignette, detailing some of S4 concepts. (It doesn't seem to use roxygen for the documentation, though, but this is not the question here.)
What is the best bioinformatics book for a computer scientist?
I would suggest Bioinformatics, from Polanski and Kimmel (Springer, 2007). Very good introductory material on statistics, computer science as applied in bioinformatics. It also covers the necessary grounds in computational biology.
How to plot a violin scatter boxplot (in R)?
Try the vioplot package:
library(vioplot)
vioplot(rnorm(100))
(with awful default color ;-)
There is also wvioplot() in the wvioplot package, for weighted violin plot, and beanplot, which combines violin and rug plots. They are also available through the lattice package, see ?panel.violin.
How to capture R text+image output into one file (html, doc, pdf etc)?
Well, I just remind that I was using Asciidoc for short reporting or editing webpage. Now there's an R plugin ( ascii on CRAN), which allows to embed R code into an asciidoc document. The syntax is quite similar to Markdown or Textile, so you'll learn it very fast.
Output are (X)HTML, Docbook, LaTeX, and of course PDF through one of the last two backends.
Unfortunately, I don't think you can wrap all your code into a single statement. However, it supports a large number of R objects, see below.
> methods(ascii)
 [1] ascii.anova* ascii.aov* ascii.aovlist* ascii.cast_df*
 [5] ascii.character* ascii.coxph* ascii.CrossTable* ascii.data.frame*
 [9] ascii.default* ascii.density* ascii.describe* ascii.describe.single*
[13] ascii.factor* ascii.freqtable* ascii.ftable* ascii.glm*
[17] ascii.htest* ascii.integer* ascii.list* ascii.lm*
[21] ascii.matrix* ascii.meanscomp* ascii.numeric* ascii.packageDescription*
[25] ascii.prcomp* ascii.sessionInfo* ascii.simple.list* ascii.smooth.spline*
[29] ascii.summary.aov* ascii.summary.aovlist* ascii.summary.glm* ascii.summary.lm*
[33] ascii.summary.prcomp* ascii.summary.survfit* ascii.summary.table* ascii.survdiff*
[37] ascii.survfit* ascii.table* ascii.ts* ascii.zoo*
 Non-visible functions are asterisked
Is there a way to access Stata from eclipse?
None that I know. If you're a CLI junky or willing to use Emacs, you might find limited support through the ESS package and the ado-mode. This is what I used on Mac


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Before beginning the steps below, confirm that a GL Account Number has been assigned to "Bad Debt Account" on the GL Defaults List. If you have any questions regarding this system parameter setting, please contact your Veracross account manager for assistance.
To write off an unpaid AR Invoice Item, perform the following steps:
- On the Accounts Receivable homepage, locate the invoice by running a report or query with criteria that will cause the invoice to be included in the results.
- Click on the Invoice Number to open the detail display of the invoice.
- Locate the item to be written off and click on the item "detail" icon.
- Once on the invoice item detail, click in its "General Ledger" tab.
- Enter a "Tent. Adj. Date:" (typically around the current date).
- Select the Reason, "Write-off".
- Press the "Update AR Invoice Item" button.
- Close the invoice item detail, and return to the AR Invoice Header.
- Press the "Update AR Invoice Header" button.
- A new unposted line item is created (note that it reflects a zero $ amount).
- Click on this new item's "detail" and view the amount that appears in the "Write Off Amount" box.
- After confirming that all looks good, click on the Action button and select the option "Post Invoice/Items"
- Review the invoice and the JE generated by posting operation to confirm all looks good.
Please watch the video below demonstrating How to Write Off an AR Item by clicking directly on the screen. You can make the video larger by clicking on the Full-screen button.


present
(redirected from presently)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal.
pre·sent
(prē-zent'),
1. To precede or appear first at the os uteri, said of the part of the fetus first felt during examination.
2. To appear for examination or treatment, said of a patient.
[L. praesens (-sent-), pres. p. of prae-sum, to be before, be at hand]
present
(prĭ-zĕnt′)
v.
1. To appear or be felt first during birth. Used of the part of the fetus that proceeds first through the birth canal.
2. To exhibit symptoms or signs during a medical examination.
3. To be evident or manifest, as a disease or condition.
4. To attach to a pathologic antigen, such as a virus or bacterium, thus allowing the antigen to be recognized and destroyed by T cells. Used of certain immune cells, such as macrophages.
present
Medspeak
verb To relay the findings of one's history and examination to a colleague, especially by a junior doctor in training to a more senior colleague, which should be done after the patient has been clerked. The junior will generally re-present the patient to the consultant on the ward rounds after take.
present
pron, PREE-sent verb intransitive Clinical medicine To come to medical attention Obstetrics To appear–eg, a fetal part at the opening cervical os during labor verb transitive To formally provide information about a case or Pt
pre·sent
(prĕ-zent')
1. To precede or appear first at the os uteri; said of the part of the fetus first felt during examination.
2. To appear for examination, or treatment; said of a patient.
pre·sent
(prĕ-zent')
To appear for examination or treatment, said of a patient.
Patient discussion about present
Q. What are the presenting signs of ALS? Are the upper or lower extremeties affected initialilly?
A. The most common presenting sign of ALS is asymmetric limb weakness, usually starting with the hands (problems with pinching, writing, holding things etc.) shoulders (lifting arms above head etc.) or legs (problems walking).
Other presenting signs may be problems with speaking or swallowing, although these are less common.
You may read more here:
_URL_
Q. Iam a bipolar and presently on tegretol medication.I found this to be the best way to get my doubt clarified. I am a bipolar and presently on tegretol medication. My doctor frequently changes the meds and he has tried variety of medicines before prescribing tegretol. He changes the meds every time when I visit him for routine check-up. I am bit confused and obviously cannot question my doctor as I repose faith and confidence in him. I found this to be the best way to get my doubt clarified.
A. Are you being treated by your GP? I would suggest if you are having trouble finding the right combinations it might be a good time to ask to be referred to a Psychaitrist. GP's will do their best but like anything specialized they only have a certain amount of knowledge and a specialist in the field could be more help. I also think that other treatments along with The medications like theropy and group theropy, excercise, good diet, plenty of sleep etc helps a lot too... Try to be patient it is a process to get everything in place that will work the best for you... everyone is different and the .mmedications and treatments that work for one may not work for another...
More discussions about present
References in classic literature ?
Presently his articulation became shriller, and spreading his hands he rose to his feet.
Presently the knots of men broke up, and to each man wolves hung by twos and threes, dragging him to earth.
They do not seem anxious to accompany us," he said; "but just remain quietly here, Kaviri, and presently you shall see your people flocking to your side.
We rushed up mad with horror, and fired again and again, till presently the elephant fell upon the fragments of the Zulu.
For half the night he continued his search, until presently he was brought to a sudden halt by the distant sound of squealing thoats.
The first overwhelming wave of fear having passed, she was at last able to open her eyes and view her surroundings with increased interest and presently the sensation of terror slowly left her to be replaced by one of comparative security when she saw the ease and surety with which these great beasts traveled through the trees; and later her admiration for the young bull increased as it became evident that even burdened with her additional weight, he moved more rapidly and with no greater signs of fatigue than his unburdened fellows.
So I presently hurled a shoe at random, and with a vicious vigor.
There we found delicious fruits, and having satisfied our hunger we presently lay down to rest upon the shore.
But presently a fresh series of impressions grew up in my mind--a certain curiosity and therewith a certain dread--until at last they took complete possession of me.
When the men had come close to the landing one of them gave a low signal, and presently a native came down from the long-house.
Presently came a sound of shots from the town, and then everything was quiet, everything, even the hospital.
Presently he added: "Dunstan was the man that robbed Silas Marner.


text:
The Discovery Center Tot Lot with roof was designed to give infants and toddlers a fun playground fit for their size. This early learning childhood play structure is perfect for your daycare, head start or early head start programs. The Louise tot lot includes many learning activities giving the teachers a fun way outdoors to interact with the children.
- Two deck structure
- Play features are Clock Panel, Shapes and Objects Panel, Window Panel, Gear Panel, Bongo Drums, Rain Wheel, 1-2-3 Step and a slide
- Textured sides to promote sensory development
- Clock Panel: Children practice telling time by manipulating the hands on the Clock Panes
- Shapes & Colors Panel: Teaches key concepts such as shape recognition, colors and numbers
- Bongo Drums & Rain Wheel: Children are provided open-ended opportunities to creatively express themselves
- 1-2-3 Step: Wide design
- commercially compliant to CPSC and ASTM standards and IPEMA certified.
- Available with or without a roof
- Anchoring using a mounting kit is required for structure to be compliant with commercial playground structures. We suggest inground mounting package
Available Model Number:
DC-Seed-Discovery Center Tot Lot without roof
DC-Seedr-Discovery Center Tot Lot with roof


Check CAMERA ion species annotation due to matching with opposite ion mode
Share:
Description
This function check annoations of ion species with the help of a sample from opposite ion mode. As first step it searches for pseudospectra from the positive and the negative sample within a retention time window. For every result the m/z differences between both samples are matched against specific rules, which are combinations from pos. and neg. ion species. As example M+H and M-H with a m/z difference of 2.014552. If two ions matches such a difference, the ion annotations are changed (previous annotation is wrong), confirmed or added. Returns the peaklist from one ion mode with recalculated annotations.
Usage
1
 combinexsAnnos(xsa.pos, xsa.neg, pos=TRUE, tol=2, ruleset=NULL)
Arguments
xsa.pos
xsAnnotate object with positive ion mode
xsa.neg
xsAnnotate object with neagtive ion mode
pos
If TRUE the peaklist from the positive mode is returned, if FALSE the negative
tol
Retention time window in seconds
ruleset
Matrix of matching rules, see example
Details
Both xsAnnotate object should be full processed (grouping and annotation). Without previous annotation the resulting peaklist only includes annotation with matches peaks from both mode according to the rule(s). With ruleset=NULL the function only looks for M+H/M-H pairs. The ruleset is a two column matrix with includes rule indices from the rule table of both xsAnnotate objects. ruleset <- cbind(1,1) would create the M+H/M-H rule, since the first rule of xsa.pos@ruleset and xsa.neg@ruleset is M+H respectively M-H. Only rules with identical charge can be combined!
Value
Returns a (normal) CAMERA peaklist with a additional column neg. Mode or pos. Mode, where matching peaks from the opposite mode are noted.
Author(s)
Carsten Kuhl <_EMAIL_>
Examples
1
2
3
4
5
 ## Not run:
 #Searches for M+H/M-H combinations within a retention time window of 2 seconds
 peaklist.pos <- combinexsAnnos(xsa.pos, xsa.neg, tol=2)

## End(Not run)
Want to suggest features or report bugs for rdrr.io? Use the GitHub issue tracker.


text:
Alycia Crall created this post
Centering Historically Underrepresented Voices in the Salish Sea
Presenter: Melissa Watkinson, Salish Sea DEI Community of Practice
Abstract: Addressing inequity and working toward environmental justice is essential to a successful environmental movement. Currently, there are significant disparities in the representation, content, and processes for implementing diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) within the environmental field across the Salish Sea and the Pacific Northwest Coast. Although professionals in this field are aware and concerned about issues related to DEI, there is an overall lack of understanding for how to integrate these concepts into the environmental workforce. Addressing inequity and working toward environmental justice is essential to a successful environmental movement. We believe that by creating and fostering a Salish Sea DEI Community of Practice (CoP), we can begin to build this critical foundation together.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
This question is inspired by this one. In that thread, it's established that there are uncountably many cube-free infinite binary strings (where $x \in 2^{\omega}$ is cube-free iff $\forall \sigma \subset x,\ \sigma \sigma \sigma \not \subset x$). Here $\subset$ denotes "substring" which should be distinguished from "initial segment" which I'll denote by $\sqsubset$ if the need arises.
So let $C \subset 2^{\omega}$ be the subset of Cantor space consisting of all cube-free sequences. It's uncountable, and easily seen to be closed, hence it contains a perfect set.
Question 1. Is $C$ perfect?
Let's define:
$T_C = \{ \sigma \in 2^{<\omega} : (\exists x \in C)(\sigma \sqsubset x)\}$
$\ \ \ \ \ = \{ \sigma \in 2^{<\omega} : (\forall n > |\sigma|)( \exists \tau \in 2^n )(\sigma \sqsubset \tau,\ \tau$ cube-free$)\}$
$T_P = \{\sigma \in 2^{<\omega} : (\forall \tau \sqsupset \sigma, \tau \in T_C)(\exists \rho_1, \rho_2 \sqsupset \tau$ both in $T_C)(\rho_1 \perp \rho_2)\}$
Question 2. $T_C$ is evidently $\Pi ^0 _1$, but is it in fact recursive?
If we let $P$ denote the maximal perfect subset of $C$ obtained by iteratively removing isolated points of $C$ until this procedure stabilizes (taking intersections at limit stages), then $P$ determines a tree which I believe would be the tree $T_P$ defined above.
Question 3. What is the complexity of the tree determined by $P$?
If $T_P$ is indeed the tree determined by $P$, then the tree determined by $P$ is at worst $\Pi ^0 _3$, but can we do better?
UPDATE: The answers are:
 1. Yes
 2. Yes
 3. Since $C$ is perfect, $P = C$ and so by the answers to 1 and 2, the tree determined by $P$ is just the tree determined by $C$, which is recursive.
I've learnt this after discussing it with Robert Shelton, one of the authors of the paper Gjergji linked to in his response below. In fact, what I've gathered is that there's a function $f$, better than being on the order of $n^2$, such that to determine whether an arbitrary finite string $\sigma$ has a cube-free infinite extension, it suffices to check whether it has one of length $f(|\sigma|)$ (where $|\sigma|$ is the length of $\sigma$). I suppose this would mean furthermore that the tree $T_C$ is not merely recursive, i.e. $\Delta_1$, but in fact $\Delta_0$.
share|improve this question
This will also be a question in dynamics. One can also ask what is the entropy of C? – Nishant Chandgotia Apr 15 '11 at 7:09
I added the symbolic dynamics tag. – Gjergji Zaimi Apr 15 '11 at 7:26
1 Answer 1
up vote 12 down vote accepted
I found an article of J.D. Currie and R.O. Shelton that answers the first question. "The set of k-power free words over Σ is empty or perfect".
Added: Note that Currie has a number of papers on power free words, and many of them are on the arxiv.
share|improve this answer
Thanks. The article actually seems to answer all the questions I asked (possibly). Since $C$ is perfect, $T_C = T_P$ so questions 2 and 3 are equivalent. And Theorem 3.3 claims that we can effectively determine whether a finite binary string has an infinite cube-free extension. It's not clear whether this effective procedure is uniform however, and the proof of this theorem along with the definitions of some key terms appear to be in some other papers, so rather than chasing papers I emailed the authors and asked. I'll post an update if I get a response. – Amit Kumar Gupta Apr 15 '11 at 15:12
After a fruitful back-and-forth with Robert Shelton, I've understood that yes, the tree $T_C$ is recursive. – Amit Kumar Gupta Apr 19 '11 at 14:53
Your Answer


Main Content
Double Lane Change
Double lane change 3D environment
The Double Lane Change scene is a 3D environment of a straight road containing cones, traffic signs, and barrels. The cones are set up for a vehicle to perform a double lane change maneuver. The scene is rendered using the Unreal Engine® from Epic Games®.
To simulate a driving algorithm in this scene:
 3. Set the enabled Scene name parameter to Double lane change.
Explore Double Lane Change Scene
Explore the 3D Double Lane Change scene and inspect its dimensions by using a corresponding 2D top-view image of the scene.
Load the 2D spatial referencing object that corresponds to the scene. This imref2d (Image Processing Toolbox) object describes the relationship between the pixels in the image and the world coordinates of the scene.
data = load('sim3d_SpatialReferences.mat');
spatialRef = data.spatialReference.DoubleLaneChange
spatialRef =
 imref2d with properties:
 XWorldLimits: [-_PHONE_ _PHONE_]
 YWorldLimits: [-_PHONE_ _PHONE_]
 ImageSize: [4845 4845]
 PixelExtentInWorldX: 0.1886
 PixelExtentInWorldY: 0.1886
 ImageExtentInWorldX: _PHONE_
 ImageExtentInWorldY: _PHONE_
 XIntrinsicLimits: [0.5000 4.8455e+03]
 YIntrinsicLimits: [0.5000 4.8455e+03]
The image displays only the area of the scene containing the parking lot. The full scene has a length and width of 2016 meters.
fileName ='sim3d_DoubleLaneChange.jpg';
I = imshow(fileName,spatialRef);
xlabel('X (m)')
ylabel('Y (m)')
Zoom in on the origin of the scene. Place a marker at the origin. If you place a vehicle at the scene origin and set the vehicle's yaw angle to 0, the traffic cones for performing the double lane change maneuver are directly in front of the vehicle.
xlim([-100 100])
ylim([-100 100])
hold on
offset = 3; % px
hold off


how to use a pipe in bind_rows ?
Consider this example
masterdf <- tibble(key = c('a', 'a', 'b'))
db1 <- tibble(key = c('a', 'a', 'c'),
 value = c(1,2,3))
db2 <- tibble(key = c('a', 'a', 'c'),
 value = c(10, 20, 30))
masterdf %>% do(bind_rows(. %>% left_join(db1, by = 'key'),
 . %>% left_join(db1, by = 'key')))
Error: Argument 1 must be a data frame or a named atomic vector, not a fseq/function
I do not understand what is the issue here. Why can't I use that syntax? I just want to concatenate vertically the two independent left_merges of master with db1 and db2
Any ideas? Thanks!
Hi @von_olaf,
I think you have over-engineered it. Isn't that what you would like to have?
library(dplyr)
#>
#> Attaching package: 'dplyr'
#> The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
#>
#> filter, lag
#> The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
#>
#> intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
masterdf <- tibble(key = c('a', 'a', 'b'))
db1 <- tibble(key = c('a', 'a', 'c'),
 value = c(1,2,3))
db2 <- tibble(key = c('a', 'a', 'c'),
 value = c(10, 20, 30))
masterdf <- masterdf %>%
 left_join(db1, by = 'key') %>%
 left_join(db2, by = 'key')
masterdf
#> # A tibble: 9 x 3
#> key value.x value.y
#> <chr> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 a 1 10
#> 2 a 1 20
#> 3 a 2 10
#> 4 a 2 20
#> 5 a 1 10
#> 6 a 1 20
#> 7 a 2 10
#> 8 a 2 20
#> 9 b NA NA
Created on 2019-11-06 by the reprex package (v0.3.0)
2 Likes
thanks @valeri but as you can see this does not work well. I expect 4 rows in total (two matches from db1 and two matches from db2) and you have 9. The reason your solution does not work well is that it also matches the matches from the first match :slight_smile: Does that make sense?
Thanks!
I don't follow why do you expect 2 + 2 = 4 rows.
As far as I understand left_join, the first one should have 5 rows (2 matches corresponding each a and one missing for b), and same for the second one. Hence, I'd expect total 10 rows and that's what the following gives:
bind_rows(left_join(masterdf, db1, by = "key"), left_join(masterdf, db2, by = "key"))
Can you share your expected output? And, why not share a reprex with all library calls?
1 Like
ha you are right, I a apologize. Yes, I expect 10 rows and my question is how to run the bind_rows you wrote using . %>% instead of explicitely calling masterdf %>%
Not sure whether that brings you closer, but here is another way of doing what @Yarnabrina suggest in a more 'purr'-y way that allows you to do this with an arbitrary list of data frames:
library(dplyr)
#>
#> Attaching package: 'dplyr'
#> The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
#>
#> filter, lag
#> The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
#>
#> intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
masterdf <- tibble(key = c('a', 'a', 'b'))
db1 <- tibble(key = c('a', 'a', 'c'),
 value = c(1,2,3))
db2 <- tibble(key = c('a', 'a', 'c'),
 value = c(10, 20, 30))
purrr::map_df(.x = list(db1, db2), .f = ~left_join(masterdf, .x, by = 'key') )
#> # A tibble: 10 x 2
#> key value
#> <chr> <dbl>
#> 1 a 1
#> 2 a 2
#> 3 a 1
#> 4 a 2
#> 5 b NA
#> 6 a 10
#> 7 a 20
#> 8 a 10
#> 9 a 20
#> 10 b NA
Created on 2019-11-07 by the reprex package (v0.3.0)
Hi von_olaf,
The 10 rows that you have requested have duplicates as well. Could you explain on how you will use duplicates in your actual application?
I have put up the following code which will provide you with an output that will be the superset of all 3 data sets as well as one with rows matching key values from masterdf
Superset
masterdf <- tibble(key = c('a', 'a', 'b'))
db1 <- tibble(key = c('a', 'a', 'c'),
 value = c(1,2,3))
db2 <- tibble(key = c('a', 'a', 'c'),
 value = c(10, 20, 30))
DF<-full_join(x=masterdf,y=db1,by="key") %>%
 full_join(y=db2,by="key") %>%
 mutate("master_key"=paste0(key,value.x,value.y),
 "dupl_row"=duplicated(master_key)) %>%
 filter(dupl_row!=TRUE) %>%
 select(-master_key,-dupl_row)
print(DF)
Output of the above code
 A tibble: 6 x 3
 key value.x value.y
 <chr> <dbl> <dbl>
1 a 1 10
2 a 1 20
3 a 2 10
4 a 2 20
5 b NA NA
6 c 3 30
Only the values from the key of masterdf
masterdf <- tibble(key = c('a', 'a', 'b'))
db1 <- tibble(key = c('a', 'a', 'c'),
 value = c(1,2,3))
db2 <- tibble(key = c('a', 'a', 'c'),
 value = c(10, 20, 30))
DF<-full_join(x=masterdf,y=db1,by="key") %>%
 full_join(y=db2,by="key") %>%
 mutate("master_key"=paste0(key,value.x,value.y),
 "dupl_row"=duplicated(master_key)) %>%
 filter(dupl_row!=TRUE) %>%
 select(-master_key,-dupl_row) %>%
 filter(key %in% c('a', 'a', 'b'))
print(DF)
Output of the above code
# A tibble: 5 x 3
 key value.x value.y
 <chr> <dbl> <dbl>
1 a 1 10
2 a 1 20
3 a 2 10
4 a 2 20
5 b NA NA
Warm Regards,
Pritish
This topic was automatically closed 21 days after the last reply. New replies are no longer allowed.


Astoria Public Plaza
1. Would you be for or against a partial street closure of Newtown Avenue to create a public plaza? Why or Why Not?
2. What are some issues you think need to be addressed by the government in the community? i.e safety, lack of public resources, transportation etc.
3. Overall, how much support does this neighborhood receive from the local government?
4. What types of activities would you participate in if they were available in this neighborhood?
5. If a plaza were created, what kind of programs or activities would you like to see introduced?
6. Do you feel your neighborhood lacks adequate public space?
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order to find duplicates. This process is commonly referred to as de-duplication.
Below screen shot shows an example Data Flow that performs several common transformations. Data is imported from Excel and transformed in a few steps. Right before the destination, a Fuzzy Grouping is added to the Data Flow.
When you edit the Fuzzy Grouping, you will find some similar settings to the Fuzzy Lookup. Note that on the Connection Manager tab, shown in below screen shot, the only property is the connection to SQL Server. This is because there is no reference table that the Fuzzy Grouping needs to join. It just needs the connection where it can store its temporary data.
Each column in the input has two settings that you can set. The first is the checkbox (below screen shot shows a few columns selected). This determines whether the Fuzzy Grouping will use this column to identify duplicates. The Pass Through column enables columns to appear downstream even when they are not used in the identification of duplicates.
Another thing that above screen shot highlights is that the Fuzzy Grouping Transformation provides the same capability as the Fuzzy Lookup to set a minimum similarity on a column-by-column basis.
On the Advanced tab, shown in below screen shot, you can fine-tune the Fuzzy Grouping to specify the overall Similarity threshold. If a potential matching row does not meet this threshold, it is not considered in the de-duplication. You can also set the output columns.
Just as in the Fuzzy Lookup, you can see the output by adding a Data Viewer to the output path from the Fuzzy Grouping. Below screen shot illustrates how the Fuzzy Grouping works. A _key_in column and a _key_out column are added to the Data Flow. When the Fuzzy Grouping identifies a potential match, it moves the row next to the potential match row. The first row key is shared in the _key_out column. The _key_in identifies where the rows originated.
As the example in Figure 10-20 shows, there are a couple of matches. LastName was misspelled in _key_in value of 6, but because the similarity _score is 95 percent, the engine determined it was a match (it was above the similarity threshold of 80 percent defined in Figure 10-19). In another couple of rows highlighted, the street address is slightly different.
Explore SSIS Sample Resumes! Download & Edit, Get Noticed by Top Employers!Download Now!
The key to the Fuzzy Grouping is the _score column. If you wanted to just go with the Fuzzy Grouping results and de-duplicate your source, you would add a Conditional Split Transformation to the Data Flow and allow only rows through the Condition Split whose _score == 1 (the double equals is the expression language Boolean logic match check). Alternately, you could define custom expression logic to choose an alternate row.
As the preceding two sections have demonstrated, both the Fuzzy Lookup and the Fuzzy Grouping provide very powerful data cleansing features that can be used in a variety of data scenarios.
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text:
SEARCH Encourages Proposals to the Arctic Science, Engineering, and Education for Sustainability (ArcSEES) Opportunity
The SEARCH and International Study of Arctic Change (ISAC) steering groups released a "Dear Colleague" letter to encourage SEARCH and ISAC-relevant proposals to the recent NSF solicitation on Arctic Science, Engineering, and Education for Sustainability (ArcSEES, see funding article in this issue of Witness). The Dear Colleague letter highlights three reports that may be useful in linking proposal topics to identified priorities from the science community. The NSF ArcSEES solicitation presents an excellent opportunity to propose projects that implement ideas developed by the broad SEARCH and ISAC communities that are relevant to sustainability issues in the Arctic.
The Dear Colleague letter and relevant reports are available at:


text:
Tactile sensations are crucial for achieving precise operations. A haptic connection between a human operator and a robot has the potential to promote smooth human-robot collaboration (HRC). In this study, we assemble a bilaterally shared haptic system for grasping operations, such as both hands of humans using a bottle cap-opening task. A robot arm controls the grasping force according to the tactile information from the human that opens the cap with a fingerattached acceleration sensor. Then, the grasping force of the robot arm is fed back to the human using a wearable squeezing display. Three experiments are conducted: measurement of the just noticeable difference in the tactile display, a collaborative task with different bottles under two conditions, with and without tactile feedback, including psychological evaluations using a questionnaire, and a collaborative task under an explicit strategy. The results obtained showed that the tactile feedback provided the confidence that the cooperative robot was adjusting its action and improved the stability of the task with the explicit strategy. The results indicate the effectiveness of the tactile feedback and the requirement for an explicit strategy of operators, providing insight into the design of an HRC with bilaterally shared haptic perception.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- コンピュータ サイエンス（全般）


The Banana aroma is a scent that everyone knows well, but that few are able to identify in a blind smell test. If this aroma is weak, and it is part of a complex aromatic bouquet, it is more difficult to identify, but it gives a pleasant and important aromatic personality to the product being tasted.
In Beer, banana is a scent that is associated with the high fermentation process. It is a positive attribute in certain styles of beer (for example Weiss beer), but can also be considered a defect due to poor control methods in the fermentation process of other beer styles.
In Chocolate, it is one of the most typical fruit aromas found in cocoa beans. It is usually a more green scentthat of the unripe banana. It is frequently present in Nacional cocoa from Ecuador and Trinitario cocoa from Venezuela.
In Extra Virgin Olive Oil, the banana aroma is typical of many high-quality oils made from ripe olives. For example, it is often very evident in the Arbosana cultivar.
Click here to discover Chocolate Aromas, here for Extra Virgin Olive Oil Aromas.
Beer Aromas, coming soon!


Quick Answer: What Does It Mean I'Ll PM You?
How can you tell if someone has a secret conversation on Messenger?
You are able to have both a normal Facebook messenger conversation as well as a Secret Conversation with the same person.
How can I send a private message?
Is 11 59 pm noon or midnight?
12-hour clock12-hour24-hour11:00 p.m.23:0011:59 p.m.23:59Midnight (end of day) or shown as start of next day24:00^ Jump up to: a b See: §Confusion at noon and midnight8 more rows
What does DM mean in slang?
direct messageDM stands for direct message, or a private message with a person on social media, especially Twitter.
Is PM on Facebook the same as messenger?
There are times when you are using Facebook that you might want to send a message directly to one or more of your friends. This is often known as DM (direct message) or PM (Private Message) as it goes directly to the person (or persons) you address it to and not onto your timeline.
Can you PM someone on facebook without being friends?
You can send a message to anyone on Facebook, regardless of friend status or privacy settings. The only exception applies to members you've blocked and those who've blocked you. Filtering preferences may inadvertently cause messages to go unseen, even though they have been delivered.
What is BBJ?
BBJ stands for "Bare Blow Job"
How do I send a private text message?
Texting anonymouslyGo to the anonymoustext.com website.Choose how you want the sender to appear on the recipient's device. … Type in the phone number of the recipient. … Enter the message you wish to send.Select whether you want to send it now or at a later date.Click continue.Pay for your text.
What does it mean to PM someone?
A personal message, private message (PM), direct message (DM), or personal chat (PC) is a private communication channel between users on any given platform.
What does pm stand for sexually?
Definitions include: Private Pee Message means someone that is Private Messaging a person, but they are not being serious with the person they are Private Messaging. Example: privates.
How do I read a PM on Facebook?
Is it am or am grammar?
What does I'll pm you mean?
I will private message you"I will private message you" "pmprivate message.
What is a PM on Facebook?
in Facebook, Marketing & Tech, Social media. You've probably seen people using the abbreviation term PM to define personal or private messages. It's a quick mode to interact with other people, and this type of communication results in the transmission of a message only the recipient can read.
What does 39 mean sexually?
Are messages on messenger private?
What is full name of PM?
The full form of PM is Post Meridiem. PM denotes post-midday period. It is another unit of the convention time which is associated with the 12-hour clock.
How do I know AM or PM?
What's the difference between DM and PM?
DM stands for direct message. PM stands for private message. … You can send a direct message to someone that you aren't friends with, but it will go into a separate section of their message box—making it more likely that they won't even see it—let alone read it.
What is PM short for?
PM or pm (also written P.M. or p.m.) is an abbreviation for Latin post meridiem, meaning "after noon" in the 12-hour clock.


text:
| < September >
|Normal Max/ High Temperature
|Min/ Low Temperature
|Average Daylight per day
|Sun altitude at solar noon on the 21st day.
- The average temperature in Erzurum in September is mild at 14.8 °C (58.64 °F).
- Afternoons can be really warm with average high temperatures reaching 22.3 °C (72.1 °F).
- Overnight temperatures are generally a little cool with an average low of 7.1 °C (44.8 °F).
- The mean diurnal temperature range/ variation in September is 15.2 °C (27.4 °F).
- The weather in September is somewhat parched. A paltry 21mm (0.8in) of water is laid down.
- The shortest day is 11:45 long and the longest day is 13:02 long with an average length of 12:24.
Check the distance to and compare the Erzurum September averages with somewhere beginning with:
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | All
Weather Trend Graph for September in Erzurum, Turkey
Navigate to September Weather in Locations Surrounding Erzurum:
- Soci, Russia - 420.3 kms (261.2 miles) NNW
- Sukhumi, Georgia - 357.7 kms (222.3 miles) N
- Rize, Turkey - 132.4 kms (82.3 miles) NNW
- Giresun, Turkey - 258.9 kms (160.9 miles) WNW
- Sivas, Turkey - 354.9 kms (220.6 miles) W
- Erzincan, Turkey - 143.6 kms (89.2 miles) W
- Malatya, Turkey - 314.7 kms (195.6 miles) WSW
- Diyarbakir, Turkey - 244.5 kms (152 miles) SSW
- Urfa, Turkey - 376.3 kms (233.9 miles) SW
- Hassakah, Syrian Arab Republic - 385.3 kms (239.5 miles) S


Retrieve a query parameter in Power Automate
This simple post describes how a Power Automate flow, being triggered by a HTTP request, can extract a query parameter.
Firstly, the Power Automate flow is configured to extract a query parameter.
Figure 1
Once configured, the Power Automate flow is triggered by a HTTP request using Postman
Figure 2
The flow successfully extracts the query parameter.
Figure 3
References
_URL_
_URL_


Print Making
Linoleum block printing is made by cutting into linoleum surface with a sharp V-shaped knife chisel tool that comes in different sizes and shapes. Most of the times you draw on the surface and then carve out the negative imprint. When producing type on linoleum, always carve the type in mirror form so that when applied the ink onto paper it is legible.
Chine-collé has many different was that can be executed. The process that I used was to force through a press roller all the paper once cut and layered one on top of the other. There is no glue to adhere all the paper cut-outs. By using paper with natural long fibers, once the papers go through the press many times over the fibers are forced to stick together.
The Japanese Kimono Women composition has 15 layers all on top of one another. The last layer is the layer with the most small cut-outs. The Women are composed together through 10-25 individual paper cut-outs. The Japanese parasol is a linoleum print. There are only four of Chine-collé compositions.


Nintendo's 3D Can Be Switched Off (But What Does This Mean For Games?)
Seeking to allay fears over the possible health problems associated with playing games in 3D, Nintendo president Satoru Iwata has said that his company's upcoming 3DS handheld will have a "toggle", allowing users to switch between 2D and 3D.
From a legal standpoint, it's a solid decision. There are many people with conditions that mean playing in 3D is either painful or just doesn't work, so having the option of playing games in 2D gets around this problem easily.
But what does it mean for 3D games? If there's an "off" switch for the technology, does that mean the games won't make fundamental use of it, since they'll need to be designed to run in both 2D and 3D? That'd reduce the tech to a mere gimmick.
Or will it mean that some games will need to be marked "3D Only", meaning those who can't play in 3D (or don't want to) are straight out of luck?
It's a messy situation to find yourself in. Then again, when it comes to the transition to 3D entertainment, messy seems par for the course.
Nintendo to beef up piracy measures in 3-D machine [Forbes]


Shoe Sizes: EU vs US vs UK, How To Know What Fits?
Hello Shoe Lady,
My shoe size in The Netherlands is 43. My search for really nice shoes has taken me far beyond the borders, to the US. I found different size conversion charts, resulting in conversion of my european shoe size to US size somewhere between 10.5 and 12.5. What is the right US shoe size for me?
Hope you can help me out!
Dear Elis,
I am so glad you found me! I am continually MORTIFIED by the bad information given out to women "who leave a larger footprint" by people in the shoe industry who should know better!
The short answer: US size 11.
Here's a little more information:
Take a look at the international size chart here:
Some of the confusion might be that Great Britain uses a women's shoe measuring system similar to that of the USA. Except different. A Euro size 43, US size 11 women's shoe in Great Britain is a UK 9.
Another source of confusion is that one of the most common sizes in the US is size 8. It is close to (actually a bit smaller than, but wider than a US medium so feels about the same) an EU size 8. So shoe people, who should know better, assume if US 8 equals EU 38, then US 9 equals EU 39 and US 11 equals UK 41. On the surface this sounds logical. But it is so wrong. Here's the mathematical back story. In 1374 the King of England decided to base shoe sizes on the length of a barleycorn. Each barleycorn represents a jump from one size to the next. This was refined in 1880 in the USA when Edwin Simpson got all scientific with the inch (I know everyone on the metric system will laugh at this, as silly as barleycorns) and set the standard for US sizing, In his system, still used, 1/3 of an inch equals one full (not half) size difference. But wait, there's more! Unlike EU sizes which have a standard, proportional width that runs comparable to a US wide, US shoe sizes also come in width measurements, narrow, medium, wide, extra wide.
Your best size may be size 11M ( M equals Medium), but I think you need to know more! I strongly suggest you read up on Measuring Your Feet and Understanding Shoe Sizes ( so you will be able to pick the right length, width and shoe shape for your feet. You want to get the right size the first time when you are ordering from another country!
Thanks for asking!
The Shoe Lady


Don't Let Perineum Pain Stop You From Cycling Here's How to Prevent It
Carbon fiber bike seat
Regular cycling has been touted as a great way to improve your health and reduce your carbon footprint if you choose to occasionally bike to places instead of driving your car. But that's not the whole story: in numerous studies it has been found that the wrong bicycle saddles can actually lead to severe health problems in the reproductive organs of both men and women, but especially for men. Choosing from types of comfortable bike seats, and having the seat and handlebars at an appropriate height can alleviate most problems. Here's what you'll need to know.
Taking Care of Your Nerves and Blood Vessels Down There.
There are twice as many bicycles in the U.S. as cars, sitting at about 1 billion actually. It's also been reported by many states that more adults are choosing to commute to work by bike, to the effect of a 46% increase since 2005. While it is usually endurance athletes are the first group who will experience pain or numbness in their perineum first, it can also happen to more casual users.
The Pudendal Nerve: What's Causing Problems For Male Cyclists.
The pudendal nerve is located in the pudendal canal in a man's pelvis, along with a cluster of other nerve endings such as the sciatic nerve and the beginnings of the dorsal nerve in what is called the sacral spinal nerves. A problem with one of these can cause a chain reaction which effects the others. Some common problems include: pain in the penis; erectile disfunction; perineum pain; pain while urinating; as well as pain after sex.
The reason male cyclists experience these issues is because of the way a bike is designed. In one article by the New York Times, one Dr. Schrader measured the pressure the average cyclist experiences on their perineum during a ride. Depending on the height of the handlebars and seat, a man might experience between 20 to 40% of his total body weight on his perineum, which as a reminder is a soft area filled with delicate blood vessels and nerves.
The Types of Comfortable Bike Seats That Will Protect Your Perineum.
There is no one specific seat out of all the types of comfortable bike seats that will automatically protect every male cyclist's perineum. The reason why is that every man's body is slightly different, so one seat might be a good fit for one cyclist but uncomfortable for another man. The answer to this is to try out as many seats as possible to find the right one.
This process can be done online, but it is better to go to a large bike store to look over their types of comfortable bike seats. This process requires a lot of sitting, and might actually give some guidance on the proper height for the seat as well. Another point to check with adjustments is the height of the handlebars. Leaning farther forward takes some of the pressure off the perineum, as there are three points of connection between the bike and the rider: the feet, perineum, and hands.
The Odd-Looking Solution For Some Riders.
Now, while there is no one seat that will solve every rider's problems, there is one that has quite a bit of popularity. It's known as the no-nose seat, and these are made by many different bike companies. The idea is that the seat is missing a strip of the "nose" down the middle, right where the most pressure is exerted on the rider's perineum which, when removed has been found to alleviate a good percentage of that pressure. Some doctors and riders love these seats, and some dislike them. It is necessary to try this seat out to know for sure.
If a rider ignores the pain and side effects of having their pudendal nerve compressed, the consequences are a worsening of their symptoms, with a high risk of further complications. They can, and may be advised to, take some time off riding. This is a short-term solution. The problem will come right back when they begin riding again. A new seat can be a solution for many riders, but one type does not suit all.
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A Comparison of Drivers for Azure Cosmos DB
The metrics in this article are from the most up-to-date drivers available as of July 2019.
In this article, we compare the performance of the CData ODBC Driver for Cosmos DB to the equivalent native driver, looking at two measures.
First, we compare read performance, measuring the amount of time it takes to query an Azure Cosmos DB instance for data and process the result set in some way. We find that the CData Driver is at least three times faster than the native driver.
Next, we compare the resource usage of each driver for read queries, focusing on CPU and network usage. This is used to explain the underlying cause of better performance from the CData Driver. We further extend this test to see how both drivers scale as more server resources are added to CosmosDB (by configuring Read Units (RUs) in Azure Cosmos DB settings).
The Data
In order to provide a reproducible comparison, we copied the sample restaurants dataset made publicly available by MongoDB, Inc, repeating the dataset until we built a database with 10 million records. The relevant details for the table queried are below:
Table Number of Rows
restaurants 10,000,000
ODBC Driver Read Performance
First, we tested the related performance of the drivers by running the same two queries for each driver:
 1. SELECT * FROM restaurants LIMIT 25000
 2. SELECT * FROM restaurants
To simulate actual processing of the data from Cosmos DB, we read the values of every field in each row. The times required for each product to process the results are in the table below.
ODBC Query Times by Company (in milliseconds)
Rows Queried CData Software Native
25,000 1,441 (+382%) 6,945
10,000,000 437,526 (+203%) 1,325,441
As you can see in the results, the CData ODBC Driver handled large result sets significantly faster than the native driver, processing the largest dataset three times faster.
ODBC Driver Resource Usage
After testing the read performance, we decided to run a separate test to measure and compare resource usage, looking specifically at network and CPU usage. The charts below were found by running a sample C program and using Windows Resource Monitor (we ran two instances of Resource Monitor so we could capture the CPU usage and network usage simultaneously). For the resource usage test, we looked at two separate use cases, based on allocated Read Units (RUs) in Azure Cosmos DB. We limited the results to 2.5 million rows.
1. Querying a Large Number of Rows with Minimum RUs
For the initial comparison, we ran a query for a large number of rows, with the minimum number of RUs (400) in Cosmos DB: SELECT * FROM restaurants LIMIT _PHONE_
CData Driver
Native Driver*
* Note the change in scale for the Network graph.
From the graphs above, we can see that when the RUs are set to the minimum, both drivers retrieve data and then pause in the retrieval, due to rate limiting based on the allocated RUs. However, the CData Driver appears to process the data while retrieving it, whereas the native driver appears to retrieve the data and then process it. Additionally, with the minimum RUs set, the CData Driver peaks at pulling data in between 30 and 40 Mbps, where the native driver peaks between six and seven Mbps (note the scale change for the native driver). The higher rate of data retrieval indicates that the CData Driver is making better use of the network bandwidth and results in faster query processing times for the CData Driver.
2. Querying a Large Number of Rows with High RUs
For the second comparison, we ran a query for a large number of rows, with high RUs in Cosmos DB: SELECT * FROM restaurants LIMIT 25000000
CData Driver
Native Driver*
* Note the change in scale for the Network graph.
When we set the RUs to a higher value (3500), the performance of the CData Driver improves dramatically and the differences in how each driver utilizes available resources become more pronounced. Based on the graph, the CData Driver maintains the pattern of retrieving and processing the data simultaneously but is retrieving much more data per second (around 70 Mbps), fully utilizing the allocated RUs. The native driver sees little-to-no improvement in performance with higher RUs, continuing the pattern of first retrieving the data and then processing the data separately. The native driver retrieves the data at the same rate (around 7 Mbps) as when the RUs were set to the minimum value, showing no indication of utilizing the allocated RUs.
The CData Software driver regularly proves to be faster than the native driver, particularly when dealing with large data sets and with a high RU allocation. Our developers have spent countless hours optimizing the performance in requesting data and processing the results returned by the Cosmos DB database, capitalizing on the RUs allocated to a system. This engineering means you get the best performance possible based on your allocated RUs. Download a free, 30-day trial of any of our Cosmos DB drivers and experience the CData difference for yourself.
Related Articles


CHP cuts emissions at Jaguar Halewood
BP Energy has gained consent from Energy Minister Peter Hain to build a 70MW gas-fired combined heat and power station at the Jaguar's Halewood site. The proposed stations will supply the heat and electricity needs of the Halewood works where Jaguar will build a range of models including its new X-type.
In a written answer to a Parliamentary Question from Maria Eagle (Liverpool, Garston), Hain said: 'Combined heat and power plants are designed to produce both electricity and usable heat. They have environmental benefits due to their high levels of energy efficiency.
'The decision shows the commitment of Ford to Merseyside as the power station will supply the current and future needs of the Jaguar works which will shortly be producing a new range.
The Energy Minister has also given the green light to Great Yarmouth Power to extend the South Denes combined cycle gas turbine power station by an increase in capacity from 350 to 400 MW.
In another written answer Hain commented: 'It is important that developers considering new proposals explore the opportunities to use combined heat and power.'
Combined heat and power stations release 50% less emission of such gases to the atmosphere than conventional fossil fuelled stations.
On the web


text:
- The definition of a handicap is a race where the competition is evened out by giving advantages to the weaker competitor and making the race more difficult for the stronger competitor, or something that is a disadvantage.
- An example of a handicap is a race where heavier people have to carry less weight and the lighter people have to carry more weight.
- An example of a handicap is a broken leg.
- Handicap is defined as to cause a disadvantage.
An example of handicap is to pour a slippery substance over an obstacle course.
- a race or other competition in which difficulties are imposed on the superior contestants, or advantages given to the inferior, to make their chances of winning equal
- such a difficulty or advantage
- something that hampers a person; disadvantage; hindrance
- a physical or mental disability
Origin of handicaporigin, originally a game in which forfeits were drawn from a cap or hat ; from hand in cap
- to give a handicap to (contestants)
- to cause to be at a disadvantage; hinder; impede
- Sports & Games a. A race or contest in which contestants are given advantages or compensations to equalize the chances of winning.b. Such an advantage or penalty.
- Usage Problem A physical or mental disability. See Usage Note at handicapped.
- A disadvantage or inconvenience. See Synonyms at disadvantage.
transitive verbhand·i·capped, hand·i·cap·ping, hand·i·caps
- Sports & Games To assign handicaps or a handicap to (a contestant).
- To cause to be at a disadvantage; impede.
Origin of handicapFrom obsolete hand in cap, a game in which forfeits were held in a cap.
- Something that prevents, hampers, or hinders.
- Age is often a handicap.
- An allowance of a certain amount of time or distance in starting, granted in a race (other contest of skill) to the competitor possessing disadvantages; or an additional weight or other hindrance imposed upon the one possessing advantages, in order to equalize, as much as possible, the chances of success.
- The older boy won, even though his opponent had been granted a handicap of five meters.
- A handicap in chess often involves removal of the queen's rook.
- (sometimes considered offensive) The disadvantage itself, in particular physical or mental disadvantages of people.
- A race, for horses or men, or any contest of agility, strength, or skill, in which there is an allowance of time, distance, weight, or other advantage, to equalize the chances of the competitors.
(third-person singular simple present handicaps, present participle handicapping, simple past and past participle handicapped)
- To encumber with a handicap in any contest.
- (by extension) To place at disadvantage.
- The candidate was heavily handicapped.
- To estimate betting odds.
- Grandpa Andy would buy the racing form the day ahead of time so he could handicap the race before he even arrived at the track.


Recently Microsoft support has fielded inquiries from several customers asking how to troubleshoot problems that cause delays during the boot and user logon processes on a desktop or laptop. The Windows Performance Toolkit xbootmgr.exe tool works well for troubleshooting boot and startup issues on a single machine. (See "Diagnose Shutdown Problems with Xbootmgr" for more information about using xbootmgr.exe.) But what if you're a large enterprise with thousands of desktops? You need a way to identify problem machines before a user reports them to the Help desk. You need to monitor desktop startup times over time and across the enterprise. And you need a way to collect boot time measurements, similar to those collected by xbootmgr.exe, from every machine for every boot. Here, I'll explain how you can use an event log, the new Windows 7 Event Viewer, and the Wevtutil tool to do these things.
A New Event Log to Aid in Troubleshooting
Beginning with Windows Vista, Windows now includes a new category of event logs: Applications and Services logs. The infrastructure underlying event logging now conforms to an XML schema. You can easily access the XML data for any event. The new event log interface lets you construct XML-based queries against event logs. The Event Viewer gives you to access to the new XML functionality in an easy-to-use graphical interface.
One of the logs in this new category is the Diagnostics-Performance/Operational log. This log contains events that record performance measurements similar to those provided by xbootmgr.exe. In fact, the data recorded is generated by the same mechanisms that Xbootmgr uses. Event IDs 100 through 110 record boot and startup performance statistics.
Using the Event Viewer in Windows 7
The new Event Viewer in Windows 7 lets you do more powerful filtering. The new UI lets you specify ranges of events. Under the covers, it builds the XPath query to filter out the events based on the criteria you specify. Figure 1 shows how you can filter for events 100 through 110. Figure 2 shows the XML version of the same query parameters. We're interested in Event ID 100 for the purposes of measuring the boot performance. Figure 3 and Figure 4 show the normal and XML views for event 100.
The XML presentation of the event contains a lot of interesting information. The BootTime value represents the number of milliseconds that elapsed from the time the system booted to the point after the user logged in that the system reached 80 percent idle for 10 seconds. The other time values listed represent the elapsed time for various stages during this boot process. You can find more information about the stages of the boot process in the Windows On/Off Transition Performance Analysis white paper.
The other boot performance events record information about specific events that contributed to delays during the boot/startup sequence. The trick is how to know which boot instance these messages belong to. This is where the ActivityID come in handy. In Figure 4, you'll see the following in the XML data:
All events related to this boot instance in this Event 100 record have this same ActivityID. By performing the following steps, we can use this information to create a more complex filter:
1. Click Filter Current Log… in the Actions Pane of Event Viewer.
2. On the XML tab, check the box Edit query manually, then answer Yes when prompted to continue.
3. Enter the following XML text into the query box:
4. Click OK.
Figure 5 shows a total of three events for this ActivityID. We can now examine these events to understand the problems that contributed to any boot/startup delays.
Collecting Data with Wevtutil
So far we've looked at only one boot instance. How do we collect data for all boot instances? By using Wevtutil, a Windows command-line tool for querying the Event logs. Using the following example, you can extract all the Event ID 100 records from the event log on a system:
wevtutil qe Microsoft-Windows-Diagnostics-Performance/Operational /rd:true /f:xml /q:"*\\[System\\[(EventID = 100)\\]\\]" /e:Events > boot.xml
This creates an XML data file that contains all instances of the boot performance event for a machine. With each ActivityID, you could then query for the other related events. For example, the following query extracts the same three event records we saw in Figure 5:
wevtutil qe Microsoft-Windows-Diagnostics-Performance/Operational /rd:true /f:xml /q:"* \\[System\\[(Correlation\\[_USER_='\\{00000001-0000-0000-1020-5CA87BB1CA01\\}'\\])\\]\\]" /e:Events > bootrelated.xml
Wevtutil.exe has many more options. Run the utility without any parameters to see a list of available options. For more information, see the MSDN article "Event Queries and Event XML." And for more information about learning XPath to define event queries, see XPath Syntax and XPath Examples.
Putting It All Together
Once you have the event data in XML format, it's fairly easy to extract the most interesting data points. Figure 6 shows some sample data I collected from one machine. In this example, I converted the time values to seconds. Differences in the number of applications that start at boot time could be significant when you're investigating changes in performance. With historical data like this, you can now begin to do some trend analysis. For example, this system was built on 1/13/2010. Application installations and configuration changes continued over the next couple of days. By 1/21/2010 the configuration changes had been completed. After that, the BootTime value was averaging about 124 seconds. However, notice that on 2/4/2010 and 2/9/2010 the times were significantly longer than average.
Extending the Value
Now that we have an automated way to extract the event data in XML form, we can collect this data periodically from multiple computers and store the results in a database. Using some simple reporting, it's easy to do trend analysis. A complete enterprise solution will require more code development and data management, but it's feasible. And that's exactly what one of my largest customers did.
Using a VBScript program I wrote, the customer collects event data into a SQL Server database. They've used this data to establish some baseline statistics for their desktop image build. They can pivot this data based on the hardware (e.g., memory, CPU, model) and software configuration. Using SQL Server Reporting Services, the customer built a dashboard view that displays the boot-time health status of all desktops in the enterprise. With specific reports, they can compare this baseline to new data collected after deploying new group policies, new security tools, or a hardware upgrade. They also use this data to proactively identify machines that take longer than the average baseline. This information allows IT to address issues before users call the Help desk, reducing the time to resolution and making end users happier.
Sean Wheeler ( is a senior premier field engineer in Microsoft's Premier Support team, assigned to support some of the largest enterprise customers. He is one of the original creators of the MPS Reporting tool. He specializes in scripting, debugging, and performance-related issues.


text: In this work it is used a setup for Digital Holography Microscopy (MHD) for 3D biologic samples reconstruction. The phase contrast image reconstruction is done by using the Double propagation Method. The system was calibrated and tested by using a micrometric scale and pure phase object respectively. It was simulated the human red blood cell (erythrocyte) and beginning from the simulated hologram the digital 3D phase image for erythrocytes it was calculated. Also there was obtained experimental holograms of human erythrocytes and its corresponding 3D phase images, being evident the correspondence qualitative and quantitative between these characteristics in the simulated erythrocyte and in the experimentally calculated by DHM in both cases.


text:
Create Aliases to Rename Members in the View
You can create aliases (alternate names) for members in a dimension so that their labels appear differently in the view.
Aliases can be created for the members of discrete dimensions only. They cannot be created for continuous dimensions, dates, or measures.
Create an alias
In the Data pane, right-click a dimension and select Aliases.
Tip: If Aliases does not appear in the dialog, verify that you are not connected to a published data source and the field you are trying to alias is a discrete dimension.
In the Edit Aliases dialog box, under Value (Alias), select a member and enter a new name.
Tip: To reset the member names back to their original names, click Clear Aliases.
To save your changes:
- In Tableau Desktop, click OK.
- On Tableau Server or Tableau Cloud, click the X icon in the top-right corner of the dialog box.
When you add the field to the view, the alias names appear as labels in the view. For example,
When the Alias option is not available
Measures can't be re-aliased
Tableau does not permit re-aliasing measures as this would involve modifying data values themselves. If you have a field in your data that contains values such as 0 and 1 but actually encodes information such as no and yes, Tableau will interpret this as a continuous measure. You can convert it to a discrete dimension and then re-alias the values. For more information about discrete vs continuous and dimensions vs measures, see:
- Dimensions and Measures, Blue and Green
- Convert a Measure to a Dimension
- Convert Fields between Discrete and Continuous
Published data sources
Alternatively, the Alias option may be missing for a discrete dimension because you are connected to a published data source. When using a published data source, you cannot create or edit aliases. You can only change aliases on fields that you create in your workbook. If you didn't publish the data source, you can duplicate the field (right click > Duplicate) and edit aliases for the duplicate field without restriction.


Xcode: connecting interface elements to each other
Forum
App Development
Hi all! I'm getting into app development with Xcode, and have started this by reading a book on Objective-C development. This way I was able to familiarize myself with this programming language, and have been exclusively developing applications for the command line for this purpose. Now it's time for graphical applications, and I've been playing around with Interface Builder for the last few days. At this point, I neither hate nor love it, but I think it can mostly be handled once you kind of figure out how things are done. For example, I like how I can arrange interface elements using coordinates in the Size Inspector, run the application and then use my trackpad to verify elements are arranged in the way that I wanted. I've also been able to find out how to connect elements to code, so that I can program and process events and such. However, I am unable to figure out how to connect elements to each other. Basically, I'd like to put a label and a slider in a window, and the slider should update the value of the label. This is an exercise from a Cocoa book that I'm currently reading, since it apparently is possible to control-drag elements to each other in order to connect them. However, control-dragging is not possible with VO, and dragging an event from the Connections Inspector to the other element also doesn't seem to work. Please, could someone help me out here and tell me what I need to do to connect 2 elements to each other? Many thanks! Best wishes, Robin.
Options
Comments
Submitted by remixman on Monday, July 15, 2013
Hi, I'm sorry to say I don't have an answer to the question you pose, but I do have a question. Which code books are you working out of? I've been wanting to get into app development myself but have no idea where to begin. Thanks much.
Submitted by Isaac Hebert (not verified) on Monday, July 15, 2013
In reply to by remixman
I have been wanting to get in to app development but I don't have a mac so I don't know the answer to this question but I can research this.
Submitted by robin24 on Monday, July 15, 2013
In reply to by remixman
Hi, as for Objective-C learning, I read Programming in Objective-C, Fifth Edition by Stephen G. Kochan. It's a great book for learning Objective-C, and I think the author did a great job in explaining all the concepts of the programming language. Note that you will only be developing applications for the command line in this book, all the fancy stuff comes afterwards! As for learning Cocoa and designing applications with visual interfaces, I've found 'Learn Cocoa on the Mac, Second Edition' by By: Jack Nutting and Peter Clark. I haven't read too much of it yet, but it seems rather detailed and explanations seem thorough. My main problem right now really is dealing with Interface Builder issues, as I find the rest of Xcode rather easy to use. I should also say that the mentioned books are available online through _URL_. You will need a subscription with them to get access to their content, but if you're interested in learning programming languages and such I highly recommend them. Hope that helps! :-) Robin
Submitted by Isaac Hebert (not verified) on Monday, July 15, 2013
In reply to by Isaac Hebert (not verified)
Open the assistant editor (from the toolbar) in xcode (it'll open two views side by side, one view with the xib and the other with the corresponding .h file). control drag from your label to the created property
Submitted by robin24 on Monday, July 15, 2013
Thanks for your research, but that's exactly the problem - you can't do control dragging with VO... That's just how you'd do this with a mouse or trackpad, but it can't be done using VO :-( Robin
Submitted by Michael Mangold on Tuesday, July 16, 2013
Hi, robin24. I'm a sighted developer and have an app with a slider that updates a label. I'm not aware of any way to connect the slider to the label with a control-drag. I'd be curious to learn that this is possible if you can provide a specific citation. What I do is connect the slider to an IBAction, and then update the label there. I can provide specific code if you'd like.
Submitted by Anonymous Developer on Tuesday, July 16, 2013
Disclaimer: I'm a sighted developer, so I have no idea if what I'm about to describe here is doable with VoiceOver on a Mac. Here's one way I know of to connect Interface Builder elements to IBOutlets in your .h file. 1. Open NIB/XIB file in interface builder's standard editor. 2. Double-click the corresponding .h (header) file so that it opens in a new window. 3. In your header file, on the line which has your IBOutlet, to left of where the line number is listed by XCode, there is a small spot which you can drag (without control) onto your interface builder element in XCode's main window. This should allow you to connect Interface Builder element with the IBOutlet.
Submitted by Victor Tsaran on Tuesday, July 16, 2013
_URL_


text:
Busy Trains (Shape Book) takes your kids to a train journey where they explore different concepts and locations, from farms to lands to busy train stations. Go on this journey with the help of these 3D-effect books, where every page is designed in the shape of the scene, as a hardcover. A perfect children's book for your young ones between the age of 0-2. It will allow them to explore various locations and understand different concepts.
They will visit the farms full of animals or the train stations full of colourful trains and passengers. It will allow them to learn and identify, count, spot, and learn various objects, colours as well as figures. It is a book full of fun as well as providing sufficient knowledge to the young little minds. They will get to experience a busy train ride for a day and will not even get tired by the end of this journey. Every page is a different scene and is designed in bright and attractive colours and graphics. Therefore, come along on this train journey and enjoy this exciting tour day with this Busy Trains (Shape Book)! Also available in the Busy Farm edition (shape book). You can buy yours here.


text:
POJĘCIE RYZYKA I JEGO UMIEJSCOWIENIA (LOKALIZACJI) W PRAWIE UBEZPIECZEŃ GOSPODARCZYCH
THE NOTION OF RISK AND ITS PLACEMENT IN THE COMMERCIAL INSURANCE LAW
The article presents the notion of risk in the act on insurance activity, the adoption of which constitues an example of the absorption acquis. It has been noticed that the notional dispersion of risk present in the Polish law is inevitable even if certain connotations may bring about some reservations. A specific example of an implementation of the community law is the concept of placement of risk, which has two main functions in the Polish legal system: it is a connecting factor indicating relevant norms of competence and it serves as legal limitations for the supervisory body within the community freedom of rendering services. A review of the Polish legislation in this respect made the author to formulate remarks de lege ferenda.
- Obecnie brak jakichkolwiek odnośników.


text:
Shipping calculated at checkout.
This 2-Track Cribbage Set (sometimes known merely as "Crib") is finely crafted from natural rubberwood. Each player races towards the end of the board as they collect points each turn from the hand of cards that they are dealt. Each point corresponds to how many spaces you are able to move along the track. The objective of Cribbage is to be the first player to score a target number of points, usually 61 or 121. Points are decided by certain card combinations from your own hand or by playing off of your opponent's cards, making this a game of both luck and skill.


Skip to main content
Notion Authorization
In order to connect Shipyard to Notion, you will need:
 1. A Notion Access Token
 2. A Notion Database ID
 3. A Notion Page ID
Access Token
In order to obtain an access token, you must create an integration within Notion.
 1. Go to the Notion Integrations Portal
 2. Select "New Integration"
 3. Provide a Name for your Integration
 4. Copy the Integration Secret Value to use as the Notion Access Token input
Connecting the Integration
In order to make API calls to Notion with the access token created in the previous steps, you must create a parent page where the database will reside and establish a connection with your Integration
 1. Navigate to a page where your database either currently resides or will reside
 2. In the top right hand corner, select the settings (...) icon and toward the bottom select the Add Connections option
 3. Search for your integration and select confirm to establish a connection
Database ID
To obtain the Database ID, you need to simply access a database within the Notion UI and copy the trailing portion of the URL
Page ID
To obtain the Page ID:
 1. Select a Page in Notion
 2. With the page selected, navigate to the right hand side and select the Share option
 3. Copy the Link and paste in the browser. The string after the _URL_


text:
Natural native-spoken Spanish can be challenging for learners. Not everyone speaks slowly and precisely like the teacher in your classroom, or the way they speak in made-for-study recordings. Lupa stories, by Radio Ambulante, are made for native listeners. This is exactly what you need to train your ears.
Lupa lets you slow everything down, all the way to half speed (0.5x), using the audio speed controls.
Make sure Assist Mode is on (the 'light bulb' icon is yellow.)
While studying a new chapter, find a comfortable speed where you can hear at least half of the words. After you feel confident with the material, make sure to listen once through the chapter with Assist Mode off (white 'light bulb' icon) so your ears get used to listening at native speeds.
Remember, there's a world of difference between "slow Spanish" and native Spanish at a slower speed. With Lupa you're always listening to authentic Spanish, the kind you'll hear in the real world.
Read about all the other features at your fingertips to help you listen and understand effectively.


fixation - definition and synonyms
noun [countable/uncountable]
Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio
 1. 1
 a very strong interest in something that prevents you from paying attention to anything else
 Doug has a fixation with sports cars.
 fixation about:
 She seems to have a fixation about someone called Tony.
 2. 2
 in psychology, a mental condition in which someone's feelings about sex have not developed normally because they loved someone or something a lot as a child


Minimum unit pricing: what can we learn from the 1700s?
Lauren Booker | February 2020 | 7 minutes
With MUP due to be introduced in Wales on 2 March 2020, alcohol consultant Lauren Booker considers how we can look to the 1700s to ensure that MUP makes a change that lasts.
Minimum unit pricing (MUP) sets a baseline price for a unit of alcohol, below which it can't be sold. That means that it increases the price of very cheap, strong alcohol, and this reduces the harm alcohol causes. A minimum unit price of 50p is already in place in Scotland, and on 2 March will be introduced in Wales.
While we may think of MUP as a new and perhaps radical idea, the use of pricing measures to influence alcohol consumption has a long history, from the Gin Acts of the 1700s onwards. So, what's changed?
Well, quite a lot and not so much. Back in the 1750s taxation was a blunt instrument, which was mostly used to raise the government extra revenue – but with the additional consequence of reducing consumption, particularly among the lowest income households. Today, research and the recent example of MUP in Scotland suggest that MUP is an effective measure to reduce consumption. Pricing measures are still criticised as being a 'poor tax' – but early findings from MUP in Scotland show that while alcohol consumption has decreased most in lower income households, as this is the population that is most affected by alcohol-related harm the measure appears to be targeted effectively.1 New research published today [18 February 2020] has shown that another pricing measure, increasing alcohol duty, does not disproportionately affect lower income households.2
But there's more to learn from looking to the past. If we look back at the gin epidemics of the 1700s, we see that following new pricing measures consumption soon returned to pre-taxation levels. Research suggests3 that interventions to reduce consumption are likely to be short-lived unless the adverse consequences of excessive drinking are acknowledged and broadly accepted by the population. In 2017/18 there were almost 55,000 alcohol attributable hospital admissions in Wales.4 MUP alone will not solve the problem.
In particular, there is still much to be done to reduce the stigma associated with alcohol dependence and to ensure high-quality alcohol treatment is available and accessible to everyone who needs it. Support for the family and loved ones of alcohol dependent people is just as important.
Changing drinking cultures is important too. As Wales discusses MUP over the coming weeks and months, I hope that the conversation will broaden to consider the role that alcohol plays in our society, and to explore how we can ensure that drinking is an option, rather than the default.
Alcohol harm is a complex issue, so the solutions are complex too. MUP is one of a jigsaw of measures which, together, would reduce the avoidable pain, hospital admissions and deaths caused by alcohol. I look forward to its implementation in Wales, and hope that the UK government will follow suit – and that governments across the UK will treat alcohol as the major, cross-cutting issue it is to ensure that we can make a change that lasts.
 1. O'Donnell et al, 2019, Immediate impact of minimum unit pricing on alcohol purchases in Scotland: controlled interrupted time series analysis for 2015-18, BMJ 2019; 366.
 2. Bhattacharya, A., 2019, Who pays the tab? The distributional effects of UK alcohol taxes.
 3. Warner et al, 2001, Can legislation prevent debauchery? Mother gin and public health in 18th-century England. American Journal of Public Health 2001, Vol 91 Issue 3.
 4. Public Health Wales, 2019, Data mining Wales: The annual profile for substance misuse, 2017-18


text:
Definitions of Coventry:
- noun: an industrial city in central England; devastated by air raids during World War II; remembered as the home of Lady Godiva in the 11th century
- noun: the state of being banished or ostracized (excluded from society by general consent)
Example: "The association should get rid of its elderly members--not by euthanasia, of course, but by Coventry"
- name: A surname (very rare: popularity rank in the U.S.: #41052)
Search for Coventry at other dictionaries: OneLook, Answers.com, Merriam-Webster
Help, Feedback, Customize, Android app, iPhone/iPad app
Copyright © 2013 Datamuse


C++11: C++-style listener list
Consider you want to create a class where you can register a set of listeners to be notified when something occurs. For example, this is a class that performs some task and you want to be notified when the task has been completely executed. See this code in Java:
public class Task
{
 public void doSomething() { }
 public void addTaskListener(TaskListener t);
}
public interface TaskListener
{
 void taskFinished(TaskEvent e);
}
public static void main(String... args)
{
 Task t = new Task();
 final String name = "TASK 123";
 t.addTaskListener(new TaskListener()
 {
 public void taskFinished(TaskEvent e)
 {
 System.out.println("Task finished: " + name);
 }
 });
 t.addTaskListener(new TaskListener()
 {
 public void taskFinished(TaskEvent e)
 {
 System.out.println("This is a second listener");
 }
 });
 t.doSomething();
}
How would you implement it in C++???
I think the first thing that comes to your mind is: "obviously, using function pointers"; but there is no way of passing context information to the function pointers (actually an anonymous class in Java, as in my example, has access to the attributes of the class where it was defined and also to all the local variables marked as final; but from an external function you simply cannot do that.
So how would the C++ way of doing this be?
First, let's implement the caller. Using C++0x lambdas, it could be as simple as:
int main()
{
 Task t;
 std::string name = "TASK 123";
 t.addTaskListener([&name]
 {
 cout << "Task finished: " << name << endl;
 });
 t.addTaskListener([]
 {
 cout << "This is a second listener" << endl;
 });
 t.doSomething();
}
Very nice, compact, elegant and powerful: You can pass the name local variable as a closure to your lambda function.
In the Task implementation, you should have a vector of listeners and access them when the task is executed successfully:
class Task
{
 private:
 vector<TaskListener> listeners;
 public:
 void addTaskListener(TaskListener lis)
 {
 listeners.push_back(lis);
 }
 void doSomething()
 {
 ...
 invokeListeners();
 }
 private:
 void invokeListeners()
 {
 for (TaskListener lis : listeners)
 lis();
 }
};
Did you already realize the problem?
How TaskListener should be declared?
Could it be a template parameter of a class template? Answer: NO; why? because every lambda function (in my example, 2) is under the hood a class with a functor; so, you could not have ONE to use it for TWO classes.
Ok, you could be tempted to declare your addTaskListener method like:
template <typename TaskListener>
void addTaskListener<Tasklistener t>
{
 listeners.add(t);
}
But in that case, you start a new problem: How could you declare your listeners vector to store one element of one class and other one of another?
The cool solution is using a function abstraction taken from the Boost library and available in C++0x: function.
function is a template class that wraps a function, an object function (functor) or a method, so it is very useful for our problem:
Thus, in our example, TaskListener could be declared as:

#include <functional>
typedef std::function<void ()> TaskListener;
The parameterized type [void ()] says that the function does not receive any argument and returns void.
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2 thoughts on "C++11: C++-style listener list
 1. There's a typo on line 4 of the last example, whereby TypeListener should be TaskListener. Thanks fot the post, I have learnt a lot!
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Friday July 31, 2015 0 comments
FORT COLLINS -- Colorado State University announced it has received a $12 million award from the National Science Foundation to help establish the Urban Water Innovation Network (UWIN).
A consortium of 14 academic institutions and other key partners across the nation is working to address challenges that threaten urban water systems in the U.S. and around the world.
UWIN's mission is to create technological, institutional and management solutions to help communities increase the resilience of their water systems and enhance their preparedness for responding to water emergencies.
Mazdk Arabi, associate professor of civil and environmental engineering at CSU, serves as UWIN's director. Other CSU faculty involved with UWIN include professors Sybil Sharvelle, Brina Bledsoe, Neil Grigg, Jorge Ramirez, Dan Baker, Scott Denning and LeRoy Poff.
UWIN aims to create a research network for integrated water systems and to cultivate champions of innovation for water-sensitive urban design and resilient cities, CSU said.
The network will establish six connected regional urban water sustainability hubs in densely populated regions to serve as innovation centers, helping communities transition to sustainable management of their water resources.
For more information, contact UWIN coordinator Meagan Smith at [email protected].


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The Version History feature provides an easy way to apply previous configurations to an appliance.
- On the main toolbar, click Deployment Manager.
- Click the AI Engine tab.
- On the bottom of the grid, click the Servers tab.
- Right-click the grid and then click Properties.
- Click Advanced.
Click Version History.
The AI Engine Server Audit Version History window appears.
The following table explains the columns in the AI Engine Server Audit Version History window.
Column Name Description Component Name The IP Address of the component on which the changes were made. JSON The JSON used to retrieve the information from the previous configuration. User Name The User Name of the person who made the changes. Compare With The date and time of configuration was changed. Revert and Apply A link used to revert to a previous appliance configuration.
Compare the current configuration to a previous configuration before reverting back to a previous configuration.
In the Compare column, click the date-and-time link of a configuration to compare the current one.
The Compare Version Values window appears.
The values that differ between the two configurations are highlighted. The Current Value column displays the value of the properties as they are currently configured. The Previous Value column displays the value of the properties from the previous configuration.
- Click OK to close the window.
To revert to a previous configuration:
Click the Revert & Apply this Version link of the configuration to which you want to return.
A Warning appears.
Click Yes to revert the previous configuration.
A message appears informing you that the AI Engine must be restarted.
- To close the message and restart the AI Engine, click OK.
- To close the AI Engine Server Advanced Properties window, click OK.