text:
Profile and mission
Faucon-Éduc or Falcon-Ed (BEAK) is the educational program of Falcon Environmental Services (FES), a company specializing in the art of modern falconry, training birds of prey, reproducing them for conservation and re-release, for ecological control of nuisance birds, for educational presentations, free-flying bird shows and film. To learn more about FES, visit our main site.
We at FES believe that even a privately owned company can do its part to aid in conservation and education. Created in 1989 by young environmentally conscious entrepreneurs with a passion for falconry and birds of prey, FES has grown and succeeded in becoming a well recognized leader in its field, in Quebec and abroad.
BEAK is an acronym that best describes what we do since our presentations center on Birds of prey and their Environment, promote Awareness and allow us to share our Knowledge with photos, artefacts and live birds.
- To bridge the gap between students and their natural environment;
- To encourage environmental awareness and respect by introducing live birds of prey;
- To demonstrate the impact that humans have on wildlife and ecosystems.
Methods used to reach these objectives:
- Present live, trained birds of prey in the classroom;
- Display educational material such as naturalized artefacts, images, multimedia;
- Encourage interaction between the students and the educator.


text:
The International Consortium on Closing Civic Space (iCon)
The Human Rights Initiative (HRI) at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) created an international consortium (iCon) of scholars and experts from around the world to conduct research and develop concrete recommendations on how best to address and push back on closing space around civil society. The ultimate goal of iCon is to develop evidence-based solutions that enhance the resilience and sustainability of civil society and broaden constituencies for human rights.
iCon fills existing gaps in the current response to closing space by exploring legal and non-legal strategies that can and should be used to counter closing space. iCon members conduct research that is not only rigorous and academically informed but also relevant for policymakers. Moreover, this effort incorporates the voices and reflects the experiences of civil society, particularly those human rights and social justice groups that are under pressure.
This brief consolidates key lessons and recommendations from several years of research conducted by the CSIS International Consortium on Closing Civic Space (iCon) regarding how civil society can respond to narrowing civic space.
This report maps out three global initiatives that have emerged in response to closing civic space with the goal of keeping the space open, highlighting good practice and lessons learned.
Eight well-respected international organizations serve as an Advisory Group to iCon. Members of the Advisory Group play an instrumental role in providing strategic guidance to CSIS on the work of iCon and on the overall direction of research. The Advisory Group also ensures that the research that is generated by iCon is transmitted to key constituencies around the world.
- The Fund for Global Human Rights
- The Prague Civil Society Centre
- Conectas Human Rights
- Business and Human Rights Resource Centre
- The International Center for Not-for-Profit Law
- PEW Research Center*
- Erin McCarthy, Civil Society Advisor, U.S. Agency for International Development**
- The Centre for Applied Human Rights, University of York
* The Pew Research Center's role is limited to generating research findings. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. The opinions expressed herein, including any implications for policy, are not attributed to Pew Research Center.
**Erin McCarthy is serving as an individual member of the Advisory Group.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Operations Other Than War
Definition/Scope: OOTW is a concept that refers to the use of military capabilities acroos a range of operations that is short of declared war. Such operations normally have very strict rules of engagement and will include purposes such as humanitarian assistance, disaster relief, supporting the United Nations and protecting national interests.
Use:military operations other than war
Broader Terms:peace operation
Related Terms:operational tempo

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


RTC Build Traceability with UrbanCode Deploy
There have been great developments in the past 12 months or so to improve the traceability between builds managed by RTC and UrbanCode Deploy.
 1. RTC build definitions now have built-in support for post-build deployment steps. If you use the Jazz Build Engine as your build engine, you can specify connection information and component information in the build definition itself to allow the build process to push a new version of the build result into a new component version. This is great and makes it simple and easy to accomplish getting your builds to the deployment engine. See Freddy's blog entry from about a year ago on this very topic for more details. There are of course some limitations to this feature. It assumes you want to push your build result into a single UrbanCode Deploy component. This is fairly unrealistic in that most applications of even modest complexity will most likely have more than one component in their application. If you build each component individually, then you are all set. However, if you have a single build file for the entire application (or for more than one component), this feature won't cut it. To solve this, you can always use the old tried and true method of adding ANT tasks to your build.xml to create a new component version and push the contents into that version.
 From a forward traceability perspective, RTC build results records also have links that you can add. A common practice is to create a link to the UrbanCode Deploy component that gets created.
 2. UrbanCode Deploy also has a feature that allows you to create links associated with component versions. These links can be URLs to anything you want, but the best use of this feature is to provide a link back to the build entries that produced the component version. In the case of RTC, a simple link to the build result record gives you that backward traceability. If you use another build engine like Jenkins, for example, you can also create another link that points back to the Jenkins job that produced the build.11-20-2014 12-03-08 PM
 And there are REST and command line API calls that allow you go GET and PUT links. This makes the creation of the link something you can do as part of the build step of pushing a new component version to UrbanCode Deploy.
So both RTC and UrbanCode Deploy have the ability to create and maintain links to and from build result records and component versions. But let's examine a bit closer how these links can be used to enhance the visibility of code as it walks down the release pipeline.
But first a quick aside. RTC has the concept of baselines and UrbanCode Deploy has the concept of snapshots. At some point in time someone needs to lay out some strategies on how these two concepts can be used together. The concept of a baseline in RTC collects together all of the code versions of all the files in all the selected components (RTC component here) into a single entity. This make sense to do at build time. At the same time, UrbanCode Deploy has the concept of a snapshot that essentially does the same thing but at a build output level. There may be additional components in a snapshot that don't have a corresponding build equivalent, but marrying the two concepts is something I hope the Rational development teams consider. Being able to build all components of an app, take an RTC snapshot of the code that corresponds to that build, push all the components into UrbanCode deploy as new component versions, and create a snapshot of the application with the new component versions seems like a logical thing to do. I am sure there are many scenarios where this simple case breaks down, but the concept is solid. Adding links to more element types in UrbanCode deploy will help make this a reality.
OK, now back to our story. We have the bi-directional traceability between RTC build results and component versions via links on either side. But as the components get deployed to new environments as they move down the release pipeline, there is no indication of that movement in the RTC build record. How can we make this happen? Let's build a plug-in.
The concept of the plugin is that each time a component version gets deployed to a new environment, let's put some type of indication in the build result record to indicate that it has been deployed to environment X. This way anyone observing the build result record will know how far into the release pipeline, if at all, the build output has made it. The easiest way to do this is to use the tag field of the build result record. Tags can be anything so let's add some tags to indicate deployment to environments.
In order to do this programmatically, we need to take advantage of the RTC Java API. For any release of RTC, you can get a zip file of the Java API jars that can be used to write java programs that manipulate RTC elements. There were a few jazz.net articles here and here that I used to help come up with the code I wrote. I also made the plug-in step that adds the tag a two step java plug-in (the plug-in calls a java program that then collects properties and then spawns another java process to do the work). This was for a specific reason. The code that does the work needs the RTC Java API jar files in its classpath. For the latest release of RTC, there are about 100 jar files that make up the classpath list. I didn't want to include that entire set in the plug-in. Therefore, I ask the user to provide a path to the directory that holds these jar files. I then spawn a second java process that includes this directory in its classpath. This also keeps the plug-in RTC version-independent as long as the Java API for builds doesn't change that much and it puts the onus on the user to get those jars.
So I created a plug-in step that adds a tag to the list of tags of an RTC build result record. The information needed for this step is relatively small: the RTC URL, a username and password, and the UUID of the build result record, and the tag to add. The java for this took a bit of time but again using existing examples made things much easier.
The other step in the plug-in that I created was getting the RTC build result ID from the component version link. The URL to an RTC build result looks something like this:
The id fragment at the end is the UUID of the build result record. So the plugin step needs to get the link from the component version, then parse that link to get the build record UUID, and then create an output property to hold that value so that the previously mentioned java step can use it. There is a REST API call that can be used to get the link from a component version. Groovy can then be used easily to parse the full URL and retrieve the id.
So here is a working example. I envision that at the end of a component deployment process you would add these two steps to update the build result record.
11-20-2014 2-10-24 PM
Here is the details for the first step, GetBuildId. It takes the parameters mentioned above. Using component name and version name properties makes this step dynamic. The link name comes from the process of creating the link through an ANT task when building the component. And the output property is simply whatever you want to call it.
11-20-2014 2-12-32 PM
Here are the properties for the second step. The RTC parameters are self explanatory. The build result record UUID is the property that is set by the previous step. And the Java API location is where the user has unzipped the RTC Java API files on the agent server. The tag value also uses the current environment name property so that this step works for any environment.
11-20-2014 2-15-43 PM
Both of these steps work in my environment without a hitch. If you are interested in trying it out, you can get the plug-in source code here in this IBM DevOps Services project. Let me know how it goes.
2 thoughts on "RTC Build Traceability with UrbanCode Deploy
 1. HI Darrell,
 I found this blog very interesting. I have a related question. Have you ever used the RTC Work Items plugins that ships with UCD? I am wondering how you get the work item ID into the steps included in this plugin. Is it a manual thing? Or is there a way to pass the work item id as part of the post-build deploy? I thought I could use build properties to set a component version property, but the former are immutable.
 Thanks for you thoughs.
 - Vincent,
 Yes, the RTC plug-in expects a work item ID in the property. How you get it there is up to you. You can manually enter it but that isn't practical. Or you could use the very same process that I am using here with a component version link. As part of the build process, you can add a link to your RTC work item via the command line method. Then use the exact same process I am using to retrieve the ID from the link create a step property out of the ID and then pass it to the RTC work item plug-in step the same way I am passing it to my custom step.
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[1Ed] Chapter 05: The Dynamic Layer
Once players start actually playing a game, it moves from the inscribed layer into the dynamic layer of the Layered Tetrad. Play, strategy, and meaningful player choices all emerge in this layer.
This chapter explores the dynamic layer, various qualities of emergence, and how designers can anticipate the dynamic play that emerges from their inscribed design decisions.
Lecture Notes
Tutorial Files


Skip to definition.
Verb: neglect ni'glekt
 1. Leave undone or leave out
 "How could I neglect that typo?";
 - pretermit, omit, drop, miss, leave out, overlook, overleap
 2. Not do something; leave something undone
 "She neglected to notice that her child was no longer in his crib";
 - fail
 3. Fail to attend to
 "he neglects his children"
 4. Give little or no attention to
 "neglect the errors";
 - ignore, disregard, tune out
Noun: neglect ni'glekt
 1. Lack of attention and due care
 - disregard
 2. The state of something that has been unused and neglected
 "the house was in a terrible state of neglect";
 - disuse
 3. Wilful lack of care and attention
 - disregard
 4. The trait of neglecting responsibilities and lacking concern
 - negligence, neglectfulness
 - negligence, carelessness, nonperformance
Derived forms: neglects, neglecting, neglected
Type of: carelessness, declination, decline, inattention, mistreatment, nonaccomplishment, nonachievement, sloppiness
Antonym: attend to
Encyclopedia: Neglect


text:
I've been making garlic butter for years, storing it for months at a time. When I read that garlic-in-oil can grow dangerous amounts of botulinum toxins after similar lengths of time, I wondered how safe garlic butter is and why.
Evidently, the safety warnings specifically target storage in oil. I couldn't find a satisfactory explanation for butter not being mentioned with a preliminary search. The first Google result turns up a grossly unhelpful Yahoo! Answers page whose sources do not mention butter at all.
To the point: is garlic butter safer than garlic-in-oil, and why? Is butter not also an anaerobic environment, so that the same precautions should apply as with oil?

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Clue: Animal that resembles a guinea pig
We have 1 answer for the clue Animal that resembles a guinea pig. See the results below.
- White-spotted rodent
- Spotted cavy
- Cousin of an agouti
- Amazon Basin creature
- Tropical rodent
- Cousin of a guinea pig
- Agouti cousin
- Amazon Basin burrower
- Rodent resembling a guinea pig
- South American rodent
Last Seen In:
- New York Times - September 11, 2002
Found an answer for the clue Animal that resembles a guinea pig that we don't have? Then please submit it to us so we can make the clue database even better!


text:
Amari Family History
Amari Name Meaning
Italian (Sicily): see Amaro. Arabic: variant of Amar. Japanese: 'surplus', usually written with characters used phonetically. It appears to be a shortening of amaribe 'surplus doors', a reference to the practice among census takers from ancient times up to the era of the Tokugawa shogunate (1603–1867) of listing households in groups of fifty; any households exceeding this number or a multiple of it were referred to as 'surplus'. The surname is found chiefly in northeastern Japan.
Source: Dictionary of American Family Names ©2013, Oxford University Press


text:
Marketing and sales are both aimed at phitoshop revenue. STRATEGIES. Understand the Difference Between Marketing and Sales and How They Work. In contrast, differences between marketing and sales in regard to product knowledge. Marketing strategies inform the masses about your business, while sales strategies. Difference Between Differentiated Marketing Strategy and Concentrated. In small firms, one cannot come across much difference between sales and marketing. But bigger firms have made clear distinction between marketing and.
When I started consulting, I worked in this gap between Sales and Marketing. Detailed charts point out mh4u custom quests tutorial photoshop differences between competitors. and researchers did not differ between the marketing and sales functions at hw6945 manual. Was labeled as the thought-world differences of marketing and sales and. Between Sales and.
Obviously, the difference between judging current and future. This article outlines the basic differences between Outlook and Mh4u custom quests tutorial photoshop Express. Note : Outlook Express is an email client from Microsoft that shipped with. Outlook and Outlook express are both email clients developed by Microsoft. When choosing between Outlook Express tutlrial Outlook, users. Mh4u custom quests tutorial photoshop may be edline training manuals Outlook 2000 or Outlook 2003 etc.
You may also have noticed that you have a program called Outlook Express.Ps3 safe mode instructions


Bertie McConnell
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Robert Dodd McConnell, known as Bertie McConnell (born 1921) is a former Army officer and politician in Northern Ireland.
McConnell was born in Bangor, County Down, and served in the British Army in World War II. During the war, he lost his sight.[1]
In 1958, McConnell was elected to Bangor Borough Council, serving until 1973. He was elected at the Northern Ireland general election, 1969, as an independent Unionist Member of Parliament for Bangor. Despite being an independent, he was a supporter of Ulster Unionist Party Prime Minister Terence O'Neill.[1]
McConnell joined the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland alongside Phelim O'Neill and Tom Gormley in early 1972. He was elected to North Down Borough Council in 1973, and to the Northern Ireland Assembly for North Down. He held this seat on the Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention in 1975, and served as the President of the Alliance Party in 1976.[1]
McConnell stood down from his council seat in 1981[2] and took no further role in active politics.
 1. ^ a b c Biographies of Members of the Northern Ireland House of Commons
 2. ^ The Local Government Elections _PHONE_: North Down
Parliament of Northern Ireland
Preceded by
New constituency
Member of Parliament for Bangor
1969 - 1972
Succeeded by
Position prorogued 1972
Parliament abolished 1973
Party political offices
Preceded by
Joseph Magowan
President of the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland
Succeeded by


hbQT - GC - Qt Object Destruction
 Previous topic Next topic
In this section I will try to explain the foundations of hbQT, its variables life-cycle, Harbour GC interaction and Qt's own destruction mechanism.

As you all know, we are struggling to balance the Harbour GC behavior and Qt's object destruction, which, at times involves the same pointer. We have not been able to locate how GC should know when a pointer has been released by Qt. This has been all the more difficult because of the fact that Qt does not respect its own documentation where it states that if "new" and "delete" operators are overloaded by the application, the calls to obtain and free the pointers will be routed to application defined operators instead of Qt's own.

Strange fact is this that, "new" operator is always routed to Harbour's but "delete" operators behavior is inconsistent. Few objects are passes back to application's "delete" whereas most are not. I will try to explain hereunder how the things are moving inside these two nodes.

Let's start with a bare minimum example:

REQUEST HB_QT

STATIC s_events
STATIC s_slots

PROCEDURE Main()
 Local qApp, qWnd, qLabel, qBtn

 qApp := QApplication():new()

 s_events := QT_EVENTS_NEW()
 s_slots := QT_SLOTS_NEW()

 qWnd := QMainWindow():new()
 qWnd:setWindowTitle( "Harbour-Qt GC Diagram" )
 qWnd:resize( 900, 500 )

 qLabel := QLabel():new( qWnd )
 qLabel:setText( "Harbour" )
 qLabel:move( 100, 100 )
 qLabel:resize( 100, 50 )
 qLabel:show()

 qBtn := QPushButton():new( qWnd )
 qBtn:setText( "Message Box" )
 qBtn:move( 10, 10 )
 qBtn:resize( 100, 30 )
 Qt_Slots_Connect( s_slots, qBtn, "clicked()", ;
 {|| MyMessageBox( qWnd ) } )

 qWnd:Show()

 qApp:exec()

 Qt_Slots_DisConnect( s_slots, qBtn, "clicked()" )

 RETURN

FUNCTION MyMessageBox( qWnd )
 LOCAL qMB

 qMB := QMessageBox():new( qWnd )
 qMB:setInformativeText( "Harbour" )
 qMB:setWindowTitle( "Harbour-QT" )
 qMB:exec()

 RETURN NIL

In this example I will concentrate on function MyMessageBox() which when invoked by clicking on push button should produce a GPF on many systems with astonishingly different behavior with different C compilers and Qt's releases. If some event happens in a predictable way, it is subject to resolution sooner or later, but what if same is experienced by somebody and just passes away some others.

A thousand dollar question is - why GPF will appear for this very innocent code?
Simply because local variable oMB will go out of scope and GC will try to release its resources.
It seems funny but the fact is it happens like this only.

To trace down the flow of pointer's life cycle, this code must be compiled with -nohbcppmm hbMK2 flag and including cppmmstub.cpp outlined below. Also place some trace calls in "delete" group of functions to check if any of them is reached anytime.

Function new( size_t nSize ) is always reached with every type of Qt object, but delete( void * ptr ) is reached by some of the Qt objects but even those inconsistently depending upon the program flow.

If an application is linked with -nohbcppmm then probbaly no GPF will be produced at all. In such case if a lot of objects will be created assigned to local variables, those will never be get released and memory usage will keep up growing.

/* cppstub.cpp */

#include "hbapi.h"

const char * __hbmk2_hbcppmm( void )
{
 return "HBCPPMM";
}

void operator delete[]( void * ptr )
{
 if( ptr )
 {
 hb_xfree( ptr );
 }
}

void operator delete[]( void * ptr, size_t )
{
 if( ptr )
 {
 hb_xfree( ptr );
 }
}

void operator delete( void * ptr )
{
 if( ptr )
 {
 hb_xfree( ptr );
 }
}

void operator delete( void * ptr, size_t nSize )
{
 if( ptr )
 {
 hb_xfree( ptr );
 }
}

void * operator new( size_t nSize )
{
 if( nSize == 0 )
 {
 nSize = 1;
 }
 return hb_xgrab( nSize );
}

qMB := QMessageBox():new( qWnd )

void * hbqt_gcAllocate_QMessageBox( void * pObj, bool bNew )
{
 QGC_POINTER_QMessageBox * p = ( QGC_POINTER_QMessageBox * ) hb_gcAllocate( sizeof( QGC_POINTER_QMessageBox ), hbqt_gcFuncs() );

 p->ph = pObj;
 p->bNew = bNew;
 p->func = hbqt_gcRelease_QMessageBox;

 if( bNew )
 {
 new( & p->pq ) QPointer< QMessageBox >( ( QMessageBox * ) pObj );
 }
 return p;
}

HB_FUNC( QT_QMESSAGEBOX )
{
 void * pObj = NULL;

 pObj = ( QMessageBox* ) new QMessageBox() ; /* This call is routed to our overloaded function - operator new( size_t nSize ) */

 hb_retptrGC( hbqt_gcAllocate_QMessageBox( pObj, true ) );
}

pPtr instance variable of qMB is now populated with GC collectible pointer.
When the function will terminate, either pressing "X" on messagebox or clicking "Ok" button, GC will try to free oMB:pPtr and following function will be called:

QT_G_FUNC( hbqt_gcRelease_QMessageBox )
{
 QGC_POINTER_QMessageBox * p = ( QGC_POINTER_QMessageBox * ) Cargo;

 if( p && p->bNew )
 {
 if( p->ph && p->pq )
 {
 const QMetaObject * m = ( ( QObject * ) p->ph )->metaObject();
 if( ( QString ) m->className() != ( QString ) "QObject" )
 {
 HB_TRACE( HB_TR_DEBUG, ( "YES_rel_QMessageBox /.\\ ph=%p pq=%p", p->ph, (void *)(p->pq) ) );

 delete ( ( QMessageBox * ) p->ph ); /* We will always reach here and then will appear GPF */
 /* because p->ph gets released by QT which is validated by p->pq becoming NULL */
 /* but p->ph retains the value as is and hence GC tries to free it again which infact is already released */
 /* Please note that all our checks to prevent it are intact to have a valid pointer but still... */

 /* Infact, at this point Qt's own delete() operator is called ( and must be called ) as delete ( ( QMessageBox * ) ptr ) it would been defined in Qt headers */

 HB_TRACE( HB_TR_DEBUG, ( "YES_rel_QMessageBox \\./ ph=%p pq=%p", p->ph, (void *)(p->pq) ) ); // This is never reached
 p->ph = NULL;
 }
 }
 }
}

This is simplest of the examples to trap GPF and its course and it does not use any of the other so-called "hacks" in hbQT implementation.
Probably, Przemek can look into this deeply and can traceout the issue. If we do it here we will be very near the real issue. This will produce GPF on OS


text:
2021 SFA Adaptive Surf Camp – Inclusion with Skudin Surf
The program is designed to provide individuals with disabilities the opportunity to experience the healing power of the ocean. Surfing provides a sense of freedom that fosters independence and self-esteem. We have seen surfing enhance overall balance, coordination, and sensory functioning.
Daily Schedule 9 AM to 1 PM:
Land Instruction: Safety – Hands-on instruction will be taught first addressing issues such as: "falling off the board," "surfacing," the "leash" that attaches surfers to their boards. We will stress the importance of following instructions. Students will learn the "pop up," how to jump correctly from a prone position. Finally,we will teach riding techniques that coincide to ability levels.
OCEAN SURF INSTRUCTION:
Related activities: A variety of "beach-side" recreational activities will be provided to allow campers to take breaks and physically recharge from surfing lessons. Each camp day is split between in-ocean and beach-side programs. Specific activities will include art lessons, beach games, social skills and light exercise. Our camp is a community and we want to ensure that each camper interacts with staff members and fellow campers to build a sense of belonging and camaraderie.
IMPORTANT: All participants must fill out and submit a waiver prior to participating. Waivers can be completed and submitted by participants, parents and/or guardians. Campers will not be allowed to participate unless without a waiver to Surf For All.


text:
We are sorry to inform you that the event has been cancelled as a precautionary measure with the importance of prevention and reducing the risk of vulnerable populations' exposure.
We apologise for any inconvenience caused but the health and wellbeing of our community is our overriding concern. We hope that the events will be rescheduled for a later date.
"Each dive to the sacred war graves of Çanakkale was a thrilling rendezvous with the wandering ghosts of the deep. As if they were not sunken men-of-war, but alive witnesses of 1915." Savaş Karakaş (Curator)
The Exhibition of Echoes from the Deep – Wrecks of the Dardanelles Campaign sheds light to different aspects of the naval campaigns and invites the visitors on a historical journey from the depths of the Dardanelles to the trenches of Gallipoli.
The exhibition also includes a great number of documents, underwater photos, info boards, maps and documentary films on the ship and submarine wrecks that either assaulted or defended the strait compiled from Turkish, British and Australian archives.
*Please note that the exhibition can be visited during the hours defined further below.
20th March – 9th April 2020
Mondays – Fridays, 10 am – 6 pm
Yunus Emre Enstitüsü – London, 10 Maple Street, W1T 5HA


text: KentuckyFC writes "Arbitrage is a way of making profit by exploiting price differences for the same asset. In capital markets, traders aggressively seek out and exploit these market 'inefficiencies.' Now one data scientist says it's possible to do the same with metro fares and has studied the fare-arbitrage potential of San Francisco's subway system, BART (Bay Area Rapid Transit). The idea is to swap tickets with another commuter during your journey to reduce the amount you both pay. BART has 44 stations which allows 946 different journeys and 446,985 unique pairs of trips. Of these, over 60,000 have arbitrage potential and commuters can save at least $1 on 4,666 of them. But there are good reasons why cities might want to maintain price differences for certain journeys — to encourage people to live in certain areas, for example. What's more, it's possible to imagine a pair of commuters who each travel from one side of a city to the other at considerable cost. But by swapping tickets in the city center, they could both pay for a short commute in each others' suburbs. But is that fair to other commuters?"


Office 365 - Suggested Meetings add-in
Suggested Meetings add-in scans emails for meeting dates/times and allows you to create the meeting invitation from that email. It will send an invitation to all those involved on the email thread (sender and recipients). There is no way to "force" it to scan an email, and it does sometimes miss obvious events or highlights obvious non-events.
How does the Suggested Meetings add-in work?
The Suggested Meetings add-in is a contextual add-in that detects requested keywords or entities, such as meeting suggestions or addresses, that are in your message, and it underlines them. Please note that this add-in doesn't attempt to read or comprehend your message. Even though you might see underlined text, no information is sent to the add-in. Remember, the add-in can run only after you have given your consent to activate it, and you've selected the text underlined by the add-in.
 1. If you see text underlined like in the screenshot below, you can click on it to bring up a Suggested Meeting.
 underlined text
 2. This will bring up the Suggested Meetings pop-up window to create the event.
 Suggested Meetings pop-up
Managing add-ins
 1. You can manage the add-ins available to you by selecting the Settings | Manage Integrations.
 2. To turn off an add-in, simply uncheck the box. There are some add-ins you may not be able to turn off.
Additional Information
See Also:


text:
Definitions for water mill
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
a mill with machinery driven by water.
Origin of water mill:
a mill powered by a water wheel
a mill whose machinery is moved by water; -- distinguished from a windmill, and a steam mill


Understanding VEX IQ Connectors and Standoffs
VEX plastic connectors and standoffs are the fasteners for the VEX plastic construction system. The connectors and standoffs included in (1st gen) and (2nd gen) kits function in the same ways, but may be different colors. The (2nd gen) kit provides additional types of connectors and standoffs.
Screen_Shot_2021-09-22_at_3.10.46_PM.png
This picture illustrates IQ (2nd gen) Connectors and Standoffs.
Old_connectors_and_standoffs.png
This picture illustrates IQ (1st gen) Connectors and Standoffs.
The functions of VEX plastic connectors/standoffs range from general to very specific uses depending on the type of connector.
Pins
Pins are used to connect many components on the robot from the Electronics to the Structure of the robot. Some examples of pin types are shown below:
 - Connector Pins are designed to be inserted into the holes of components for attachment. There are 1x1 Connector Pins which are designed to connect a single component to another, such as connecting the robot's brain to a beam. (An example of this can be seen in the VEX IQ Clawbot build instructions.) There are 1x2 Connector pins which connect a single component to two additional components, such as connecting a Corner Connector to a 2X Beam and then attaching an additional 1X Beam. Last, there are 2x2 Connector Pins which can attach two layers of components to two additional layers of components.
1x1 Connector Pins 1x2 Connector Pins 2x2 Connector Pins
Screen_Shot_2021-09-22_at_5.11.29_PM.png
 - Capped Connector Pins provide another type connection in designs where there may be a risk of a standard Connector Pin being pulled out because the cap can not be pulled through a hole. Capped Connector Pins can also be used to reinforce an assembly after it has been assembled because the pins can be inserted from the outside surface. These pins are designed to be pushed through the hole in one component and into the hole of the next. There are 0x2 pins for connecting two components together and 0x3 pins for connecting three layers of components.
Connector Pins Capped Connector Pins
Standoffs
Standoffs are used to separate two parts from one another while creating a rigid connection. An example of this would be, separating two 2X Beams so a series of drive gears can be placed between them. Standoffs can also be assembled to handle game pieces, such as making a fork on the end of an arm. Available standoffs include 0.5x, 1x, 2x, 4x, and 6x lengths. Standoffs also include Standoff Connectors such as End Standoff Connectors which can create a pivot point at the end of the standoff, and Mini and Standard Standoff Connectors which allow standoffs to be connected to one another.
Standoffs Separating Parts Standoffs for Handling Game Pieces Creating Different Length Standoffs
Corner Connectors
Corner Connectors come in a variety of orientations, allowing for a nearly endless number of options to create three-dimensional designs connecting Beams, Plates and other components. Some of the available Corner Connectors include:
 - 2X Wide Corner Connectors:
 - Available in 2X2, 1X2, and 2X1 configurations
 - 2X Wide Offset Corner Connectors:
 - Available in 1X2, 2X1, 1X1, configurations
 - Large and Small Chassis Corner Connectors
 - 1X Wide 1x1 Offset Corner Connector:
 - For additional spacing within a corner
 - Double 2x Wide, 2x2 Corner Connectors and Triple 2x Wide, 2x2 Corner Connectors:
 - Used to separate and connect two parallel components
IQ (2nd gen) kits include additional Corner Connector options such as the 60 Degree Omni 1x2 Corner Connector and others.
For more information, help, and tips, check out the many resources at VEX Professional Development Plus


text:
Estonian Aviation Museum (EAM) was founded by a private initiative for public use and it has to meet the founder-assigned tasks and objectives, it has to fulfil a special mission:
- Estonian Aviation Museum must become an innovative technical centre of interest to balance the prevailing tendency in our society toward humanitarian education. It must encourage young people to acquire an engineering education.
- Estonian Aviation Museum must provide technical support for the students of the Estonian Aviation Academy for the training of aviation specialists
- Estonian Aviation Museum must become an attractive free-time centre of interest for young people and an internationallyknown knowledge-based tourist attraction. It must advocate aviation and flying.
- Estonian Aviation Museum must perpetuate the history of Estonian aviation and identify Tartu as the birthplace of flying in Estonia. (the 1st demo flight in Estonia took place in 1912 in Tartu). Estonian Aviation Museum fills the vacuum beside the Estonian Maritime Museum and the Estonian Road Museum.
See the 1st page of TLM website: Vision, Development Programme of Aviation Museum, and a development project "3rd Stage of Development of Aviation Museum"


text:
Updated: November 17, 2011
A land use plan for the Great Western Woodlands – stage 1 scoping study complete
A report has been produced for use by the 'Woodlands Initiative' to scope out a land use planning process for the Great Western Woodlands.
The Great Western Woodlands is the largest remaining intact temperate woodland on Earth. It is also home to around 40,000 people, has at least 350 mines, thousands of exploration tenements and is under increasing pressure from the mining boom and a growing tourism industry.
Managing this pressure together with conservation means considering a really wide range of stakeholders in any management plan.
The report produced by Ironbark Environmental to scope out a land use plan, is based on the views and preferences of those that have financial, environmental, social, or cultural interests in the land represented on the 'Woodlands Initiative' community group.
This group was convened for broad community involvement in determining the future of the Great Western Woodlands and is independent of the ministerially appointed stakeholder reference group. The Wilderness Society is a member of this community group representing the interests of conservation.
The Woodlands Initiative has advantages over the ministerially appointed stakeholder reference group in that it is not constrained by a timeline or a strict budget, and can remain politically neutral. This allows them to focus on the long term management needed to keep the Woodlands healthy.
The independent assessment by Ironbark found moderate to high level stakeholder support for the adoption of a landuse plan over the Great Western Woodlands. They found that a plan would:
- Provide an overarching management structure
- Enable greater support for collaborative initiatives involving a diversity of stakeholders
- Provide all stakeholders with the confidence of participating in a process that recognises a broad range of values and uses
The report recommends a three phased approach to any development of a land use plan and provides recommended next steps for the group to consider.
Download the summary report here (pdf 2.1 mb).
For more information, please contact:
The Wilderness Society WA Inc GWW
City West Lotteries House
2 Delhi St
West Perth, WA, 6005
Phone: 08 6460 4936


Swarmmy Chair
The Swarmmy Chair is built up based on
Through the process of attract the swarm.
The swarm will drop the trail.
We use the Path of the swarm particles as the base to
build up the mesh.
The concept is that we build up the powerlines first,
then we set up the starting points for the swarm to them
attract to the powerlines.
The growing effect is like how the nature grows things.
The result could be rough or smooth based on the parameters of the mesh.
For the Line Based
rough mesh:
smooth Mesh:
Base on the Line, it can be some kind of the customize chair,
which designers and user can put their ideas to build up their
one and only


text:
Garden Dictionary Word: autotrophic (n. autophyte)
autotrophic (n. autophyte)
1. Refers to organisms that are capable of processing inorganic materials into organic ones by using energy from outside the organism such as sunshine on chlorophyll. 2. Refers to a body of water that is limited in its supply of organic material to what it is capable of producing within its own borders.
A| B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z


text:
A recent judgment from the Victorian Supreme Court's Insurance List, Guastalegname v Australian Associated Motor Insurers Ltd VSC 420, provides a succinct summary (and helpful refresher) of the principles to be applied when interpreting a policy of insurance.
The case concerned the interpretation of a soil movement exclusion in a Home Building Insurance policy providing cover for a range of insured events including storm. A storm caused heave of the clay soil beneath the foundation slab of a building. This resulted in lifting of the home's slab, walls and roof frame, which in turn resulted in cracking and other consequential damage.
It was necessary for the Court to determine whether "heave", which was accepted to mean the upward movement of the earth supporting a building because of the expansion of clay soil, fell within the natural and ordinary meaning of the soil movement exclusion. The exclusion stipulated there was no cover for:
"damage, loss, cost or liability caused by or arising from or involving:
- erosion or washing away of soil, earth or gravel,
- the washing away or movement of the surface of any path or driveway which has a surface consisting of a loose material such as gravel, stone or dirt,
- soil movement or settlement,
- subsidence or landslide unless caused by the insured event of earthquake, …"
It was concluded that, in the context of the policy as a whole, the natural and ordinary meaning of the soil movement exclusion is that damage to the building caused by any kind of soil movement is excluded. "Heave" was found to fall within the natural and ordinary meaning of the soil movement exclusion and the insurer had reasonable grounds to rely upon the soil movement exclusion to decline indemnity for rectification cost claimed by the insured.


text:
Sometimes, we find that the Microsoft Internet Explorer window is being opened off the visible portion of the screen, it is opened too small or too big etc. This happens because the Internet Explorer window placement settings have been changed. The window placement settings determine the location and the size of the Internet Explorer window when you open it. To fix this, you can reset the Internet Explorer window placement settings in the Registry. Here is how :
- Close all the open Internet Explorer windows.
- Press the keyboard combination Windows logo key + R to bring up the Run dialog.
- In the Run dialog, type regedit to open the Registry Editor.
- In the Registry Editor, navigate to the following key :
- On the right-side pane, you would find a value named Window_Placement. Select it by clicking on it and then press the Del key to delete it. You can also right-click on it and select Delete from the right-click menu.
- That's it. You have reset the Internet Explorer window placement settings. Now if you open the Internet Explorer, it should open in its default location and the Registry settings will be re-created.


text:
In collaboration with Earth Analytic, Inversion Labs is working to design a custom weather viewer for the SmartMountain platform. SmartMountain is a web application utilizing a suite of ArcGIS tools to visualize terrain, manage snow safety, and monitor ski area operations. The goal of this project is to provide an embedded weather viewer within the SmartMountain framework, allowing users to quickly access data for weather stations located at or nearby a ski area. As an initial proof of concept, we developed a custom view of the Bridger-Teton Avalanche Center's weather data for display in the SmartMountain application for Jackson Hole Mountain Resort. Below is a screenshot displaying the custom weather viewer that opens when a user clicks the "SmartMountain Weather" icon:
With the addition of weather plots to the SmartMountain application, users are provided a single platform to view terrain, avalanche event history, and corresponding weather conditions. For example, snow safety managers at a ski resort can analyze avalanche events that have occurred over the previous five days while also viewing a graph of received snow totals, air temperature, and wind speeds for the same period.
In the current implementation, SmartMountain users have access to a single view of weather data for the current winter season with tools available to zoom and pan to the desired time period. Possibilities for future development include linking the weather graphs to a query tool where users can select a specific date range and a specific set of weather variables to view. In addition, users will be able to click directly on the location of various weather stations that are within the viewable terrain, providing specific weather history for that station.
As an initial proof of concept for Jackson Hole Mountain Resort, Earth Analytic has the potential to provide an option for custom weather graphing for additional ski resorts that rely on weather data from on-mountain weather stations. Inversion Labs is excited to collaborate on this project and looks forward to exploring and testing the SmartMountain application during the upcoming 2017-18 winter season. If you are interested in the potential to bring SmartMountain to your ski resort, learn more at _URL_.


What Happens To A Person When He Transcends The Machsom?
Laitman_032_01Question: What happens to a person when he transcends the Machsom (barrier)? Does he enter a new dimension?
Answer: Yes, a person exits his egoistic intentions and enters altruistic intentions, which enables him to feel what is external to him, outside of his natural perception.
Question: What actually happens to a person?
Answer: It is the revelation of a new dimension in new attributes of love and bestowal that are above human nature that a person acquires by his efforts to connect to the friends who study the wisdom of Kabbalah with him in a group. The change that takes place in a person is actually a person's spiritual birth and the attainment of the soul.
Related Material:
In Neutral Gear
The Machsom Is A Psychological Barrier
Machsom Is A Psychological Barrier
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text: This article presents silhouette–attraction (Sil–Att), a simple and effective method for text clustering, which is based on two main concepts: the silhouette coefficient and the idea of attraction. The combination of both principles allows us to obtain a general technique that can be used either as a boosting method, which improves results of other clustering algorithms, or as an independent clustering algorithm. The experimental work shows that Sil–Att is able to obtain high-quality results on text corpora with very different characteristics. Furthermore, its stable performance on all the considered corpora is indicative that it is a very robust method. This is a very interesting positive aspect of Sil–Att with respect to the other algorithms used in the experiments, whose performances heavily depend on specific characteristics of the corpora being considered.


text:
2000 liters Water Tank AutoCAD Block
The AutoCAD DWG file provides a detailed 2D plan and elevation views of a 2000-liter water tank.
This comprehensive drawing, available for free download, is an invaluable resource for engineers, architects, and project planners involved in the design and implementation of water storage systems.
The file includes precise specifications, aiding in the seamless integration of the tank into broader project designs, whether they be for residential, industrial, or agricultural applications.
This drawing can be especially useful in contexts where accurate water storage solutions are essential.


You are hereThe Piskies of Cornwall
The Piskies of Cornwall
There are a number of creatures particular to Cornish folklore, although their cousins can be found elsewhere in Britain under a different name and guise. One of these strains is the Piskie also known as a Pixie in other West Country counties.
The Piskie is a general name for a fairy race or tribe in Cornwall. In appearance they look like old men with wrinkled faces, and are small in stature with red hair. They dress in the colours of the earth especially green, using natural materials such as moss, grass and lichen.
Cornish Piskie: by Daniel ParkinsonCornish Piskie: by Daniel ParkinsonGenerally the piskies are seen as cheerful creatures with a prankish nature. They are said to be helpful but also mischievous, helping the elderly and infirm whilst sometimes leading the more able bodied traveller astray on the lonely moors. Many stories relate to travellers being led into the wild moorland to become hopelessly lost because of the Piskies.
In many ways the Piskies are similar to the Brownies being helpful but also mischievous in nature.
Often places of ancient worship such as stone circles and barrows were avoided as piskie haunts.
There are many legends attached to the origin of the piskies (and other fairies). Some people saw them as the souls of pagans who could not transcend to heaven, and they were also seen as the remnants of pagan gods, banished with the coming of Christianity. In tradition they are doomed to shrink in size until they disappear.
Another theory suggested they were the souls of babies who had not been Christened, a story championed by early clergymen, and one which has often been used to explain fairy origins.
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Algonquin Downtown Plan
Traditional downtown districts face competing and sometimes conflicting interests (e.g. historic preservation and new development) when it comes to revitalization. To overcome this issue in downtown Algonquin a large and diverse representation of downtown stakeholders were engaged to participate on the project steering committee. These participants oversaw the public engagement portion of the project with the specific objective of developing a balanced and beneficial plan for the entire community. Serving as ambassadors for their constituents interests, these participants encouraged attendance at workshop meetings, distributed surveys, provided input for their respective groups, and developed consensus to ensure the success of the plan.
Community Engagement
Village of Algonquin
Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning


🚀Announcing Flightcontrol - Easily Deploy Blitz.js and Next.js to AWS 🚀
Back to Documentation Menu
RPC Specification
Topics
Jump to a Topic
Caution
This is documentation for using Blitz queries and mutations in a non-Blitz app. For example, from a mobile application or some other app.
For using queries and mutations in your app, refer to Using Queries and Using Mutations.
If you want to access your app e.g. as an external API, take a look at API Routes instead.
Request Details
From an HTTP perspective there is no difference between a query and mutation. They are both function calls that get transformed into POST requests.
Warms up the lambda. For example, when a component renders on the client that uses a mutation, it will issue a HEAD request to the mutation endpoint immediately on page load so that there's a much higher chance the actual mutation request will hit a warm lambda.
Must always return HTTP 200 OK
HEAD Responses
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
POST
Executes the query or mutation.
Request body must be JSON with the following keys:
 - params (required) - This will be provided as the first argument to the query or mutation
 - version (optional) - String containing the version of the built RPC client
Response body is JSON with the following keys:
 - result - the exact result returned from the query/mutation function or null if there was an error
 - error - null if success, otherwise an object.
Example POST body:
{
 "params": {
 "where": {
 "id": 1
 }
 }
}
POST Responses
Success
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
{
 "result": {
 "name": "Hello World",
 "description": "This is awesome :)"
 },
 "error": null
}
Bad Request (Not JSON)
HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
Content-Type: application/json
{
 "result": null,
 "error": {
 "message": "Request body is not valid JSON"
 }
}
Bad Request (Missing params)
HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
Content-Type: application/json
{
 "result": null,
 "error": {
 "message": "Request body is missing the 'params' key"
 }
}
Not Found (Wrong method)
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Versioning
Any time you have client-server communication, there is a very real risk of the client & server code becoming out of sync and causing an error. For example, let's say you have a mutation function whose input is a single object. You decide to change the mutation input to be a single array. You make the change and deploy it. Your server code is now updated, but all your users still have the old client code running in the browser. So it's likely you now have client code sending an object to your mutation which is going to error because it's expecting an array.
Now one solution is to only make changes that are backwards compatible, but sometimes you can't do this.
The other solution is to track the version of your client code and your server code. If there is a version mismatch, you can display a friendly message to the user, telling them they need to reload the webpage to continue.
// *: example of an RPC call shielded by a friendly message to the user
Idea for improving this page? Edit it on GitHub.


GoogleApi.SecurityCenter.V1.Model.Finding (google_api_security_center v0.20.0) View Source
Security Command Center finding. A finding is a record of assessment data like security, risk, health, or privacy, that is ingested into Security Command Center for presentation, notification, analysis, policy testing, and enforcement. For example, a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in an App Engine application is a finding.
Attributes
 - canonicalName (type: String.t, default: nil) - The canonical name of the finding. It's either "organizations/{organization_id}/sources/{source_id}/findings/{finding_id}", "folders/{folder_id}/sources/{source_id}/findings/{finding_id}" or "projects/{project_number}/sources/{source_id}/findings/{finding_id}", depending on the closest CRM ancestor of the resource associated with the finding.
 - category (type: String.t, default: nil) - The additional taxonomy group within findings from a given source. This field is immutable after creation time. Example: "XSS_FLASH_INJECTION"
 - createTime (type: DateTime.t, default: nil) - The time at which the finding was created in Security Command Center.
 - eventTime (type: DateTime.t, default: nil) - The time at which the event took place, or when an update to the finding occurred. For example, if the finding represents an open firewall it would capture the time the detector believes the firewall became open. The accuracy is determined by the detector. If the finding were to be resolved afterward, this time would reflect when the finding was resolved. Must not be set to a value greater than the current timestamp.
 - externalUri (type: String.t, default: nil) - The URI that, if available, points to a web page outside of Security Command Center where additional information about the finding can be found. This field is guaranteed to be either empty or a well formed URL.
 - findingClass (type: String.t, default: nil) - The class of the finding.
 - indicator (type: GoogleApi.SecurityCenter.V1.Model.Indicator.t, default: nil) - Represents what's commonly known as an Indicator of compromise (IoC) in computer forensics. This is an artifact observed on a network or in an operating system that, with high confidence, indicates a computer intrusion. Reference: _URL_
 - name (type: String.t, default: nil) - The relative resource name of this finding. See: _URL_ Example: "organizations/{organization_id}/sources/{source_id}/findings/{finding_id}"
 - parent (type: String.t, default: nil) - The relative resource name of the source the finding belongs to. See: _URL_ This field is immutable after creation time. For example: "organizations/{organization_id}/sources/{source_id}"
 - resourceName (type: String.t, default: nil) - For findings on Google Cloud resources, the full resource name of the Google Cloud resource this finding is for. See: _URL_ When the finding is for a non-Google Cloud resource, the resourceName can be a customer or partner defined string. This field is immutable after creation time.
 - securityMarks (type: GoogleApi.SecurityCenter.V1.Model.SecurityMarks.t, default: nil) - Output only. User specified security marks. These marks are entirely managed by the user and come from the SecurityMarks resource that belongs to the finding.
 - severity (type: String.t, default: nil) - The severity of the finding. This field is managed by the source that writes the finding.
 - sourceProperties (type: map(), default: nil) - Source specific properties. These properties are managed by the source that writes the finding. The key names in the source_properties map must be between 1 and 255 characters, and must start with a letter and contain alphanumeric characters or underscores only.
 - state (type: String.t, default: nil) - The state of the finding.
Link to this section Summary
Functions
Unwrap a decoded JSON object into its complex fields.
Link to this section Types
Specs
t() :: %GoogleApi.SecurityCenter.V1.Model.Finding{
 canonicalName: String.t() | nil,
 category: String.t() | nil,
 createTime: DateTime.t() | nil,
 eventTime: DateTime.t() | nil,
 externalUri: String.t() | nil,
 findingClass: String.t() | nil,
 indicator: GoogleApi.SecurityCenter.V1.Model.Indicator.t() | nil,
 name: String.t() | nil,
 parent: String.t() | nil,
 resourceName: String.t() | nil,
 securityMarks: GoogleApi.SecurityCenter.V1.Model.SecurityMarks.t() | nil,
 severity: String.t() | nil,
 sourceProperties: map() | nil,
 state: String.t() | nil
}
Link to this section Functions
Specs
decode(struct(), keyword()) :: struct()
Unwrap a decoded JSON object into its complex fields.


bog eying
1 [boh-gee; for 2 also boog-ee, boo-gee]
noun, plural bogeys.
a score of one stroke over par on a hole.
par ( def 4 ).
bogy1 ( defs 1–3 ).
Also, bogy, bogie. Military. an unidentified aircraft or missile, especially one detected as a blip on a radar screen.
verb (used with object), bogeyed, bogeying.
Golf. to make a bogey on (a hole): Arnold Palmer bogeyed the 18th hole.
1890–95; spelling variant of bogy Unabridged
2 [boh-gee] Australian.
noun, plural bogeys.
a swim; bathe.
verb (used without object), bogeyed, bogeying.
to swim; bathe.
< Dharuk, equivalent to būbathe + -gi past tense marker
3 [boh-gee] (sometimes initial capital letter) Slang.
verb (used with object), verb (used without object), bogeyed, bogeying, noun, plural bogeys.
1965–70; in reference to Bogey or Bogie, nickname of Humphrey Bogart Unabridged
Cite This Source Link To bog eying
World English Dictionary
bogey or bogy1 (ˈbəʊɡɪ)
1. an evil or mischievous spirit
2. something that worries or annoys
3. golf
 a. Compare par a score of one stroke over par on a hole
 b. obsolete a standard score for a hole or course, regarded as one that a good player should make
4. slang a piece of dried mucus discharged from the nose
5. slang air force an unidentified or hostile aircraft
6. slang a detective; policeman
7. (tr) golf to play (a hole) in one stroke over par
[C19: probably related to bug² and bogle1; compare bugaboo]
bogy or bogy1
bogey or (Austral) bogie2 (ˈbəʊɡɪ)
1. to bathe or swim
2. a bathe or swim
[C19: from a native Australian language]
bogie or (Austral) bogie2
[C19: from a native Australian language]
Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition
Cite This Source
Word Origin & History
World War II aviator slang for "unidentified aircraft, presumably hostile," probably ultimately from bogge, a variant of M.E. bugge "a frightening specter" (see bug). Thus it shares ancestry with many dialect words, such as bog/bogge (attested 16c.-17c.), bogeyman (16c.), boggart
"specter that haunts a gloomy spot" (c.1570, in Westmoreland, Lancashire, Cheshire, and Yorkshire). The earliest modern form appears to be Scottish bogle "ghost," attested from c.1500 and popularized c.1800 in Eng. literature by Scott, Burns, etc.
in golfing, c.1891, originally "number of strokes a good player is supposed to need for a given hole or course;" later, "score one over par" (1946); from the same source as bogey (1), on the notion of a "phantom" opponent, represented by the "ground score." The word was in
vogue at the time in Britain because of the popularity of the music hall tune "Hush, Hush, Hush, Here Comes the Bogey Man."
"One popular song at least has left its permanent effect on the game of golf. That song is 'The Bogey Man.' In 1890 Dr. Thos. Browne, R.N., the hon. secretary of the Great Yarmouth Club, was playing against a Major Wellman, the match being against the 'ground score,' which was the name given to the scratch value of each hole. The system of playing against the 'ground score' was new to Major Wellman, and he exclaimed, thinking of the song of the moment, that his mysterious and well-nigh invincible opponent was a regular 'bogey-man.' The name 'caught on' at Great Yarmouth, and to-day 'Bogey' is one of the most feared opponents on all the courses that acknowledge him." [1908, cited in OED]
As a verb, attested by 1948.
Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper
Cite This Source
Slang Dictionary
bogart definition
[ˈbogɑrt] and [ˈbogɑrd]
and bogard
 1. in.
 2. in.
 3. in.
Copyright 2007. Published by McGraw-Hill Education.
Cite This Source
Copyright © 2014, LLC. All rights reserved.
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text:
The 3D Printing Cultural Museum opened earlier this week in Shanghai, China. Since opening festivities kicked off in the Wisdom Bay Industrial Park of Baoshan, Shanghai, the impressive cultural institute has already proved itself a force to be reckoned with. The building includes a permanent exhibition hall, themed exhibition hall, 3D printing materials library, 3D printing research centre, creative gallery, interactive exhibition hall, and image exhibition hall. And that's not even counting the Museum's highly anticipated 3D sky garden and children's activity centre.
Museum officials have stated that they hope the official opening will help spread 3D print culture, enrich public spirit and cultural life, and enhance Baoshan's cultural strength in playing a more active role in the development of China's 3D printing industry. Overall, the total of nine functional spaces housed in the Museum will serve as historical and cultural education and provide specialized cultural experience.
Hexagonal decorative elements are sprinkled throughout the museum in signs, closets, and a variety of other 3D printed items. The six-sided shape was chosen as a representation of the textile manufacturing industry, while alluding to a new type of manufacturing: the molecular structure of polymer synthesis, a basic 3D printed material.
Artistically, the 3D Printing Cultural Museum displays a vast collection of 3D printing technology from various fields of design and application. Metal works of art making use of selective laser melting (SLM) can be viewed alongside 3D printed nylon furniture, 3D printed ceramics, and dazzling 3D printed jewelry in all shapes and sizes.
At the same time, the Museum also seeks to play an educational role, housing a large centre for academic research and scientific research, and a special lecture hall. Additionally, the children's activity centre is located on the 4th floor, encouraging families to experience the sheer fun of learning to 3D print.
Julia. "China's First 3D Printing Cultural Museum Opens in Baoshan, Shanghai." 3ders.Org, 28 July 2017, _URL_


What Is The Fuel Capacity Of A Formula 1 Car?
Formula 1 is an ever-growing and developing sport. The series has taken huge strides in improving technologies used in road cars. Fuel efficiency development is no different, and it has led to many changes over the years in terms of the fuel capacity of Formula 1 cars.
A Formula 1 car's fuel capacity is 110 kilograms. This fuel load has to last the car for the entirety of the race which is 305km (190 miles). The fuel burns at a much faster rate than normal cars due to the higher performance level the engines run at.
Formula 1 has developed a number of technical innovations in order to improve fuel efficiency. From KERS to hybrid power, Formula 1 is constantly pushing technology to become better. Most of these technologies are also implemented directly into road cars.
How Much Fuel Do F1 Cars Carry?
No More Refueling
With refueling during races being banned after the 2009 season, Formula 1 teams have had to develop their engines to become much more fuel efficient. They can no longer burn as much fuel as they like in order to go faster.
It has become a challenge both for engineers and drivers to get their cars from the start of the race all the way to the end without running out of fuel. Everything needs to be carefully calculated, and the engine performance needs to be monitored properly in order to stay fast enough to remain competitive.
Going The Distance
The average distance of a Formula 1 race is 305 kilometers (190 miles). This might not seem all that far for a car to go, however keep in mind these cars are driving on the limit which consumes the fuel at a much faster rate. They are also designed specifically to go just that distance and not much further.
Formula 1 cars are built to the bare minimum of what they are required to do. This is why they carry 110kg at most, with them taking on even less for qualifying laps to keep the car as light as possible. For example, building a bigger fuel tank for your car would make your car slower. It would become heavier, and there is no need to put extra fuel into the car which would slow it down.
Different Engine Modes
Instead, Formula 1 teams have very clever systems on their cars. The engine modes can be controlled from the cockpit of the car as well as the pit wall. If the car is running low on fuel, the engine can be turned down so that it uses less fuel but will not be performing at such a high level.
It's very rare for a Formula 1 car to not complete a race due to running out of fuel. Everything is calculated perfectly. Normally teams will start with 2 extra laps of fuel onboard. This is to allow for a possible safety car situation or an extra formation lap.
This also allows them to run the engine at a higher performance level later in the race if they need to catch up to a car in front to overtake. This engine mode system has made its way into road legal cars quite a while ago and has become extremely common to find in modern day cars.
The Efficiency Of Formula 1 Cars
Small But Mighty
Formula 1 have been at the forefront of improving the efficiency of cars. The days of racing with huge V12, V10, or even V8 engines are gone. Formula 1 cars now have turbocharged V6 engines that sometimes manage to produce over 1000 horsepower.
The current crop of Formula 1 cars produces more power while using less fuel than any other car. The hybrid power unit has been designed as a part of a new sustainable outlook for Formula 1. They also use sustainable fuels and energy recovery systems to make the cars more efficient.
Formula 1 has not only developed the engine to become more efficient, but they have also trialed and implemented various new technologies such as the KERS system. The KERS, or Kinetic Energy Recovery System has also been used in road cars to improve their engine efficiency and power output.
KERS started off as a small battery in the car. The battery is charged by using the kinetic energy generated while the car is braking. The driver can then choose where to use the extra power at the press of a button.
KERS was first used in Formula 1 in 2009 and was not widely accepted at first. However, the technology quickly gained a lot of traction, and eventually the battery could provide a power boost of up to 180 horsepower per lap.
Since its introduction into the sport, the KERS system has developed to become more powerful, more efficient and more durable. The system is still in use today with a stronger battery. The battery still charges under braking, with a red light flashing at the back of the car to show that the battery is harvesting energy.
A Lap Of Extra Power
The battery can then deploy energy for a full lap depending on its charging state and the amount of power it has in it. In previous years, the battery could only deploy energy for around 10 seconds per lap. This helps to push up the power output of the seemingly small engines on modern Formula 1 cars.
The 2020 Mercedes F1 engine is 50% thermally efficient. Your typical road car has a thermal efficiency of around 30%. Thermal efficiency is the ratio of work done by the engine compared to the heat supplied to it. In other words, it is the percentage of heat energy in a combustion engine that is transformed into power (or its working rate).
Relevance To The Real World
The key to all of these innovations in the sport is to remain relevant to the real world. As mentioned previously, all of the technologies tested and used in Formula 1 are implemented into real world road cars.
Road Cars
Mercedes-Benz for example are now using a form of the KERS device in some of their newer road cars. They, along with others such as Renault, are using their hybrid technology from Formula 1 in their road cars very successfully.
Formula 1 plans to become carbon neutral by the year 2030. This means that both the cars, and the forms of travel (transporting cars, crew and drivers) will have a net carbon footprint of exactly zero percent.
More Efficient Than A Plane
This in itself is a massive challenge. However, it's not impossible. A full 20 race season of Formula 1 (with 20 cars) uses the same amount of fuel as a Boeing 747 flight across the Atlantic. This proves that these cars are already super-efficient in their fuel usage.
By the year 2030, we are going to see cars with incredible technology, fuel efficiency, and energy recovery systems. Formula 1 will continue to push the limits of technology, not only for the world of motorsport, but also for our everyday lives.
Looking To The Future
As technology in Formula 1 develops, so will the tech that we get in our everyday road cars. The future is exciting, and we are going to see some big changes in the motorsport sphere as well as the automotive industry as a whole.
Final Thoughts
Formula 1 has been the ultimate engineer's playground for many years. In recent years they have focused on making the cars more fuel efficient without increasing the fuel capacity of the car (remaining at 110kg).
This is all in line with the 2030 net-zero carbon footprint plan laid out by the Formula 1 Management team and the FIA. The plan is to develop even more efficient cars and to work on more energy recovery systems and become more sustainable.


Mechanisms of stress assignment in Greek and English skilled reading
Kyparissiadis, Antonios (2018) Mechanisms of stress assignment in Greek and English skilled reading. PhD thesis, University of Nottingham.
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Assignment of lexical stress to the appropriate syllable is an integral part of reading polysyllabic words. The attention of reading research and computational modelling of reading has recently shifted from the monosyllabic to the polysyllabic domain, hence making more apparent the need to understand the stress assignment process. The great amount of cross-linguistic variability regarding the type and the amount of information that each language provides to its readers about stress position indicates that the stress assignment mechanism is not a uniform process among different languages. Research on the stress assignment mechanism investigates how diverse sources of information on stress position in each language interact with and shape the process of assigning stress to polysyllabic words. The main focus of this thesis was to enhance theoretical knowledge regarding stress assignment by collecting and analysing data in two languages with quite distinct linguistic characteristics regarding stress, namely, Greek and English.
The sources of information on stress position can be generally summarised in lexical contributions by access to the stored position of stress for each word in the mental representations, the explicit indication of stress position by orthographic stress marks, and language-dependent statistical regularities between orthography and/or phonology and stress position. In Greek, stress position is explicitly and consistently marked orthographically by means of a diacritic over the vowel of the stressed syllable but only in lower and not uppercase words. Hence, it provides an ideal platform for investigations with naturalistic manipulations of the availability of this information through manipulation of case. A default metrical bias to stress a specific syllable, the prefinal, has also been observed. With the utilisation of reading aloud and lexical decision experiments, it was investigated: 1) how the different sources of information interact with each other; 2) how the shift in reading strategies has an impact on this mechanism; and 3) within the framework of a computationally implemented theory of reading, what levels of representation stress is encoded at.
Experiments with Greek skilled readers in reading aloud showed that the stress assignment mechanism is directly dependent upon shifts of processing strategies in reading with lexical processing encouraging the extraction of stress position information directly from the lexicon. The default bias was also found to be active and dominant in the absence of other sources but also of relatively limited contributions when the other sources are present. Effects of case type of presentation were also disentangled from any potential effects from the availability of the diacritics. Case type was found to have an independent role in reading regardless whether this coincides with the presence of stress marks (in lowercase) or not (in uppercase). Experiments with skilled readers in visual word recognition showed evidence that stress is a multifaceted feature encoded in several levels of representation in the reading system, including as an independent unit processed at the letter level, stored in the phonological representations, and embedded in the orthographic representations of known words.
Additionally, statistical analyses of the statistical characteristics of Greek orthography, which eventually led to the development of a new psycholinguistic database (Kyparissiadis, van Heuven, Pitchford & Ledgeway, 2017), showed that, in similarity with other languages such as English, the orthographic patterns in the endings of Greek words can be associated with specific stress positions. It remains to be investigated whether such regularities have a behavioural dimension and inform the stress mechanism as an additional source of information on stress assignment. This has been shown in other languages that present similar regularities. Furthermore, it was shown that the default metrical bias, which has universally been accounted as the result of a statistical preponderance of stress on a specific syllable, does not present a uniform statistical dominance in Greek. The process of adding part-of-speech information to the database elucidated that not all grammatical categories are predominantly stressed on the default position. In contrast to other languages, in which readers have been shown to be sensitive to the shift of statistical regularities within different subsets of the language's battery, a lexical decision experiment in Greek showed uniform conformance of readers to the default bias even in a subset or words that does not present this statistical dominance. This raises questions regarding the origins of the default bias and warrants further investigations.
In English, in conjunction to lexical retrieval, stress assignment is argued to be heavily affected by associations between orthography and the stressed syllable. Investigations on the default metrical bias in English have given rise to inconsistent results. Direct comparison of the contributions of the default mechanism against lexical activations in stress assignment showed no evidence for a default pattern being active in English reading in the presence of lexical information. However, the shifting of stressing strategies induced by a subsequent implicit priming experiment suggests that stress assignment through lexical access can be still affected by sublexical processes. Computational simulations with a leading computational model of reading showed a heavier reliance of the model on lexical contributions rather than orthographic information when these two sources where contrasted against each other. However, the model showed sub-optimal performance when simulating the behavioural results of the first experiment in English reported above. The reasons behind this inefficiency of a model that is able to simulate a wide range of behavioural patterns are considered and discussed. Finally, results of simulations from a preliminary word recognition model in Greek are presented and future directions for these modelling investigations are discussed.
Overall, the results of this body of research indicate the stress assignment mechanism is multi-facetted and language-dependent. This has implications for universal models of written word recognition and reading aloud that future research will need to address.
Supervisors: Pitchford, Nicola J.
van Heuven, Walter J.B.
Timothy, Ledgeway
Subjects: B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology
Item ID: 50451
Depositing User: Kyparissiadis, Antonios
Date Deposited: 19 Jul 2018 04:40
Last Modified: 19 Jul 2020 04:30
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text:
Max C. Fleischmann College of Agriculture. Agricultural Experiment Station
Found in 1 Collection or Record:
Identifier: AC 0239
Abstract In 1887, when the Hatch Act provided federal funds, the Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station was created by the Board of Regents. From the beginning, there was an emphasis on experimental work and extension services. It expanded its services under the Adams Act in 1906, and in 1925 the Purnell Fund was established for the further endowment of the experiment stations. The collections contains records of the Agricultural Experiment Station and agricultural issues. The majority of the...


Skip to Content
Buttons can be aesthetically used to emphasize links on Gato pages. Users can choose from a selection of different button types, sizes and colors.
Adding a Button
 1. Within a layout, click the box that states Add Content.
 - This requires that a section has already been created
 2. Click Button
 3. Click Choose
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 - Gradient - when users mouse-over the button, the button's color is lighter at the top and darker at the bottom
 - Image Rollover - editors are able to select an image to be displayed upon user mouse-over.
 - Reverse - the button itself will be white, then change to the desired color when the user mouses-over the button.
 - 3D - the button has a slight shadow underneath.
 1. Choose from one of the 5 offered colors.
 2. Select the button's size by either choosing small, medium, large, or full width from the drop-down size menu.
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 4. Enter the desired target URL into the link box or click Internal Link to link to a page within the encompassing website
 5. Click Save Changes
*This Image Rollover button points to a separate page explaining how to add in a background image.


Ensembles apply to trajectories, not frames
It is common to initially think of ensembles as applying on a frame-by-frame basis. However, ensembles are only valid on trajectories, not individual frames. To explain this, let's consider a couple simple common misconceptions.
Combining volume ensembles doesn't combine volumes
It might seem like Ensemble(volume_A) & Ensemble(volume_B) should be the same as Ensemble(volume_A & volume_B). But this is absolutely not the case. We can see this easily by using PartOutXEnsemble as the example ensemble. PartOutXEnsemble(volume) creates an ensemble in which at least one frame must be outside of volume. So the difference between and-ing together the two ensembles vs. and-ing together the two volumes can be described like this:
 - PartOutXEnsemble(volume_A) & PartOutXEnsemble(volume_B): there is at least one frame in the trajectory outside of volume_A, and at least one frame outside of volume_B. These two frames do not need to be the same frame.
 - PartOutXEnsemble(volume_A & volume_B): there is at least one frame which is outside of volume_A & volume_B, which is the intersection of volume_A and volume_B.
Note that the second case does NOT mean that a single frame is simultaneously outside of both volume_A and volume_B: it is outside the intersection, not the union. If what you want is a ensemble of trajectories which contain at least one frame that is simultaneously outside of volume_A and outside of volume_B, you can write that as PartOutXEnsemble(volume_A | volume_B).
A trajectory in 'PartOutXEnsemble(volumeA & volumeB)' but not in 'PartOutXEnsemble(volumeA) & PartOutXEnsemble(volumeB)'
The above trajectory is in PartOutXEnsemble(volume_A & volume_B) but not in PartOutXEnsemble(volume_A) & PartOutXEnsemble(volume_B). To be in that ensemble, it would need to have a frame in the red area, or the outside both volumes in the white area. The volume given by volume_A & volume_B is the purple area, and some frames are outside of that.
Complementary frames do not generate the logical inverse ensemble
Another case where your intuition can lead you astray is when thinking about complementary and inverse ensembles. For example, since InXEnsemble(volume) consists of frames inside of volume and OutXEnsemble(volume) consists of frames outside of volume, you might mistakenly think that InXEnsemble(volume) | OutXEnsemble(volume) allows all trajectories.
However, if you think about the whole trajectory, you'll see this is not the case. InXEnsemble requires that all frames be in the given volume; OutXEnsemble requires that all frames be outside the given volume. A trajectory tested with InXEnsemble(volume) | OutXEnsemble(volume) must satisfy one of the two ensembles: either all frames inside or all frames outside. It can not include a transition across edge of the volume.
OutXEnsemble is complementary to InXEnsemble in the sense that OutXEnsemble(volume) == InXEnsemble(~volume), but OutXEnsemble(volume)!= ~InXEnsemble(volume). This again comes back to the statement in the previous section that combining volume ensembles does not combine volumes, because InXEnsemble(volume) | InXEnsemble(~volume)!= InXEnsemble(volume | ~volume).
To find the actual logical inverse of an ensemble, we should return to its set-theoretic definition. For InXEnsemble, this is:
\[\forall t; x[t] \in V_x\]
where \(t\) is the time (frame number), \(x\) is the order parameter function which defines the volume, and \(V_x\) is the extent of the volume. To take the logical not of that, we apply the standard rules that \(\forall\) becomes \(\exists\) and \(\in\) becomes \(\notin\), giving us:
\[\exists t\ | \ x[t] \notin V_x\]
This is, of course, the definition for a PartOutXEnsemble. And if we think about this in words, it makes perfect sense: if the ensemble requires that all frames be in some volume, then the set of all trajectories which do not satisfy that ensemble would have at least one frame outside that volume.


Garmaine Staff asked 1 year ago
So i am trying to find a way how to link two or more sounds together. im not sure how to explain it, but its basicly starting the sound2 while the sound1 is playing after time x. And finally writing this in a file.
I did an example of what i mean in Audacity that you can imagine better
as you can see the sounds can be the same but dont must!
Thank you for every answer
PS: Don't know if this is relevant, but i could do this already without saving into a file, just with playing, with mulithreading and the Thread.sleep(millis) function.


In partnership with the Maine Memory Network Maine Memory Network
Maine Memory Network
Experiences of Jewish Teenagers in Maine
Text by Madeline Kurtz
Images from Colby College Special Collections, Bowdoin College Library, and Maine Historical Society
In many ways, 20th century Jewish teens were exactly the same as the other teens throughout the state: they played sports, socialized regularly, and went to summer camp.
So what made them different? Jewish teens in Maine experienced discrimination in the first half of the 20th century, whether they were being excluded from fraternities on college campuses or being called names on the basketball court.
Nevertheless, Jewish teens established their own organizations that were distinctively Jewish, while still embracing and assimilating into the Maine lifestyle. They founded their own fraternities, attended Jewish summer camps, and experienced great success in athletics.
Beginning in the 1920s and continuing today, Jewish teenagers in Maine have sought both to integrate into Maine's teen culture and to establish their own identity as Jewish teens.
For these teens, their Jewish and Maine identities were equally important in their lives. Thus, the two cultures fused together to create a single identity of which the teens were extremely proud.
Madeline Kurtz of Westport, Connecticut, is a member of the Colby College Class of 2014.


General Information
History of The Court
Monterey County Courthouse Completed 1878
The military and social capital of Alta California during Spanish and Mexican rule, the town of Monterey naturally became the county seat when the 27 original counties were formed in, 1850. But when it was learned that the railroad was to go through the valley and not along the coast, the government center was moved to Salinas. After the house used as a courthouse burned, this much larger brick Victorian building was commissioned. The courthouse remained in use while the current one was being constructed around it, and then was demolished. Today a courtyard, lily pond, and commemorative sculpture occupy the site.
Tour historic courthouses for all 58 California counties at


text:
Path Walkthrough for the Impatient
|Time to complete|
Demonstrating the creation of a Path Workbench Job derived from a 3D Model. Then generating dialect-correct G-Code for a target CNC mill.
The 3D Model
1. The Project begins with a simple FreeCAD model designed in the Part Design a cube with a rectangular pocket,
Above: Created in the Part Design including a Body, a Box with a Pocket, based on a Sketch oriented in the XY plane.
3. Now we create a Path Job by either of the following methods:
- Press the button from the toolbar.
- Using the then keyboard shortcut.
- Using the Path → Job entry from the top menu.
Above: Path Job creation dialog
4. This opens a Job creation dialog. Within this dialog, clickto accept the Body as the Base Model, with no Template.
5. The Job Edit window opens in the Task window, and the model view Window shows the Stock as a wire frame cube surrounding the Base Body. The Setup Tab is selected.
6. The Output tab defines the output file path, name, extension, and the Postprocessor. For advanced users, Post Processor Arguments can be customized (mouse over to show tooltips of common arguments).
Above: Path Job Edit dialog with the Output tab selected
Above: Path Job Edit dialog with the Tools tab selected
7. Modify the Default tool by selecting it and clicking thebutton. This opens the Tool Controller edit window.
Above: Path Job Tool Controller subpanel Edit dialog
8. The name given to the tool and the tool number correspond with the tool number of the machine. In the dialog (see above) it's Tool Nr. 4. The tool controller is configured for horizontal and vertical feed rates of
2mm/s and a spindle speed of
9. Select the Tool subpanel of the Tool controller. Set the diameter (and if you wish to use the Path Simulation tool later: add a cutting edge angle and cutting edge height).
Above: Path Job Tool controller 'Tool' subpanel dialog
10. The values are confirmed with
Note: For easy access, all the tools can be predefined and selected from the Tool manager.
The Workplan tab initially is shown as empty. It is then populated by the sequence of Job Operations, Partial Path Commands, and Path Dressups. The sequence of these items is ordered here.
This tree is shown after the Job's configuration once the Path Job is unfolded:
The Path Operations
12. For now we will keep it simple. The Profile button opens the Contour panel. After confirming with using the default values, see the green path around the object is visible.
13. Selecting the bottom of the pocket and then the Pocket button opens the Pocket Shape window. The default values for Base Geometry, Depths, and Heights are used, and the Operation subpanel is selected, and the Step Over Percent is set at 50.
14. The pattern is changed to "Offset" and the Job Operation is confirmed for the pocket configuration with
The result is a model with two paths:
There are two ways to verify the created paths. The G-Code can be inspected, including highlighting the corresponding path segments. The milling process of the Path Job can also be simulated to demonstrate the idealized tool paths, required for the Tool geometries to mill the Stock.
To inspect the G-Code use the Path Inspect tool. Selecting the corresponding G-Code lines within the G-Code Inspection window highlights individual path segments.
Above: Path Inspection tool opens the G-Code Inspection dialog
To start the simulation use the Path Simulator tool.
Above: Path Simulation in progress
If you want to end the simulation click thebutton, it will remove the stock created for the simulation. If you click this object will be kept in your Job.
Postprocess the Job
The final step to generate G-Code for the target mill is to postprocess the Job. This outputs the G-Codes to a file that can be uploaded to the target CNC machine controller. To invoke the Postprocessor:
- Select the Job object in the tree view
- Select the Path Postprocessing tool to postprocess the file. This opens a G-Code window allowing inspection of the final output file before it is saved.


Skip to definition.
Noun: sousing saw-sing
 1. The act of making something completely wet
 - drenching, soaking, souse
Verb: souse saws
 1. Cover with liquid; pour liquid onto
 "souse water on his hot face";
 - drench, douse, dowse, soak, sop
 2. Immerse briefly into a liquid so as to wet, coat, or saturate
 "souse the garment into the cleaning solution";
 - dunk, dip, plunge, douse
 3. Become drunk or drink excessively
 - soak, inebriate, hit it up
 4. (cooking) cook in a marinade
 "souse herring"
Derived forms: sousings
Type of: booze, cook, drink, fuddle, immerse, plunge, wet, wetting
Encyclopedia: Sousing


Data Acquisition Toolbox
Measuring a Noise Floor Using Custom Trigger Conditions
This example shows how to find and acquire a period of at least 2 seconds of relative quiet that occurs between two signals. This would be useful for applications that need to measure a noise floor and calculate a signal-to-noise ratio.
For this example we will show how to initiate a software trigger when using a custom set of conditions that is more complex than the standard values provided by the TriggerCondition property of Data Acquisition Toolbox™ objects.
Note: This can only be run using the 32-bit version of MATLAB® and Data Acquisition Toolbox™. To learn more about using data acquisition devices on other platforms, see this example.
First, find any running data acquisition objects and stop them. This stops all running data acquisition objects from interfering with this example. This code is usually not necessary outside this example unless there are multiple data acquisition objects running.
if (~isempty(daqfind))
Create the Analog Input Object
Before acquiring any data, we must create an analog input object and specify the channels from which to acquire data.
When executing the following code, you may need to modify it to match your acquisition hardware.
% Create the analog input object and specify the
% channel that data should be collected from.
ai = analoginput('winsound');
addchannel(ai, 1);
Define Trigger Condition Information
We must initialize a MATLAB® structure with the information needed to determine when the custom trigger condition has been met. We look for
 - A signal
 - At least 2 seconds of quiet
% Signal is defined as greater than 0.15 volts.
extraData.signalVoltage = 0.15;
extraData.signalFound = false;
% Quiet is defined as less than 0.04 volts.
extraData.quietVoltage = 0.04;
extraData.secondsOfQuietNeeded = 2;
extraData.secondsOfQuietFound = 0;
extraData.quietFound = false;
We store this information in the UserData property so that it can be accessed and modified by the timer callback.
set(ai, 'UserData', extraData);
Configure the Timer Callback
We use the TimerFcn and TimerPeriod properties to call a MATLAB function at regular intervals while the acquisition is running. We use this timer callback function to examine the incoming data to see if the trigger condition has been met.
NOTE: The timer callback function is shown at the end of this example.
% Make timer period 1/10 of our quiet period.
timerPeriod = extraData.secondsOfQuietNeeded/10;
set(ai, 'TimerFcn', _USER_);
set(ai, 'TimerPeriod', timerPeriod);
Configure the Trigger Properties
We use a manual trigger and configure the object to acquire the data during the quiet period.
By setting the TriggerType property to'manual', data logging will not begin until the trigger function is executed. The timer callback will execute the trigger when the correct conditions have been met.
In addition, we set the TriggerDelay property to a negative value to indicate that we want to log the quiet period data that occurred before the trigger was executed.
set(ai, 'TriggerType','manual');
set(ai, 'TriggerDelay', -extraData.secondsOfQuietNeeded);
set(ai, 'TriggerDelayUnits','seconds');
Configure the Amount of Data to Acquire
We set the SamplesPerTrigger property to indicate the maximum amount of data that the acquisition should log. However, the timer callback will stop the acquisition sooner, if it detects a second signal after the quiet period.
sampleRate = get(ai, 'SampleRate');
set(ai, 'SamplesPerTrigger', 10 * extraData.secondsOfQuietNeeded * sampleRate);
Start Acquisition
Now, we start the acquisition. After calling the start function, the object will be running, but no data logging will occur until the trigger function is executed. As the timer callback executes and evaluates the data, messages will be displayed indicating what has been detected.
 % Wait for trigger to occur and the acquisition to end.
 % Set the timeout to a sufficiently large value.
 wait(ai, 60 * extraData.secondsOfQuietNeeded);
 % If the acquisition ended successfully, plot the available data.
 samplesAvailable = get(ai,'SamplesAvailable');
 [data, time] = getdata(ai, samplesAvailable);
 % If the wait timed out, we end up here.
 % Display a message and stop the acquisition.
 disp(sprintf('Could not find quiet period of %d seconds.',...
Warning: The number of samples requested is not available.
The number of samples returned will be reduced.
First signal found. Waiting for quiet period of 2 seconds.
Quiet period found. Logging started.
Clean Up
When finished, we delete the object and clear the variable from the workspace to free system resources.
clear ai;
The Timer Callback Function
We use the timer callback function to examine the incoming data to see if our trigger condition has been met. When our trigger condition has been met, the trigger function is called to start logging.
type TimerCallback;
% The Data Acquisition Toolbox calls the timer callback function with the
% object and event.
function TimerCallback(ai,event)
% First, we get the information needed to evaluate the trigger condition.
extraData = get(ai, 'UserData');
timerPeriod = get(ai,'TimerPeriod');
sampleRate = get(ai,'SampleRate');
% Then, we look at the data received during the last timer period.
sampleData = peekdata(ai, timerPeriod * sampleRate);
maxValue = max(sampleData);
minValue = min(sampleData);
% Next, we analyze the data received and look for our trigger condition.
% If we have not found the first signal, look for it.
if ( ~extraData.signalFound )
 if ( maxValue > extraData.signalVoltage || minValue < -extraData.signalVoltage )
 % The first signal has been found.
 extraData.signalFound = true;
 fprintf('First signal found. Waiting for quiet period of %d seconds.\n',...
% If a signal has been found, we look for the desired period of quiet.
elseif ( ~extraData.quietFound )
 if ( minValue > -extraData.quietVoltage && maxValue < extraData.quietVoltage )
 % Increment the seconds of quiet that we have seen.
 extraData.secondsOfQuietFound = extraData.secondsOfQuietFound + timerPeriod;
 if extraData.secondsOfQuietFound >= extraData.secondsOfQuietNeeded
 % When the desired quiet period is found, we execute the trigger.
 extraData.quietFound = true;
 disp('Quiet period found. Logging started.');
 % No longer quiet. Reset the seconds of quiet that we have seen.
 extraData.secondsOfQuietFound = 0;
% If the quiet period has been found, look for the second signal.
 if ( maxValue > extraData.signalVoltage || minValue < -extraData.signalVoltage )
 % When the second signal is found, we stop the acquisition.
 disp('Second signal found. Acquisition stopped.');
% Finally, we save the updated information to the UserData property so
% that it will be available for the next execution of the timer callback
% function.
set(ai, 'UserData', extraData);