Using particle Java Script to get data from function on Electron
I have read numerous pages, everything seems to dance around my answer and I cant wrap my head around it. I had a working asset tracker project, but the java script was using the spark api.
the tutorial I followed years ago only used device id and access token to retrieve data from a function, then I parsed the data into the useful information. this is the part of my webpage to get the data
 device.onEvent(false, function(data){
 if (data.name == "GPS") {
 var gpslocation = data.data.split(',');
 var lat = gpslocation[0];
 var lat = lat.replace(/[{}]/g, '');
 var lat = parseFloat(lat);
 var lon = gpslocation[1];
 var lon = parseFloat(lon);
 var mph = gpslocation[2];
 var batt = gpslocation[3];
 var batt = batt.replace(/[{}]/g, '');
 var mph = parseFloat(mph);
 var batt = parseFloat(batt);
 var mylocation=new google.maps.LatLng( lat, lon);
and this is where I call the function
device.callFunction('gps');
I define my acessToken as a variable, it just seems as if there isn't anyway to use the api without user and password , which id rather not use.
What exactly is your question?
how to use java script to pull data from an electron using the particle api without having to use username and password. the function on the electron is called
Particle.function("gps", gpsPublish);
I was able to use the acess token with the spark api , but the information on particle docs for the particle java script is confusing.
The SDK isn't really that complicated.
You just need to understand the "common" flow of "drilling" down to the entity you want to access.
 1. you need the account that owns a device
 - either you already have an access token for that account, or
 - you need to acquire it via a login
 1. you need to select the respective device via the access toke you got in step 1
 2. on the selected device tap the desired endpoint
Since you already have the access token and device ID, you'd use an API that takes these two pieces of data to hand you an object representing the desired device - e.g. this one :wink: and then use any method that object exposes
or
if you only want to call a specific function on a particular device but don't need to do anything else with that device just use that respective API
If you looked at the docs for particle.login() you'd see that this API retrieves the access token and stores it for future use - if you already have that token, you wouldn't need to acquire it that way of course :wink:
would the following
particle.callFunction({ deviceId: 'DEVICE_ID', name: 'brew', argument: 'D0:HIGH', auth: token });
have to be a variable like
var funtionCall =particle.callFunction({ deviceId: 'DEVICE_ID', name: 'brew', argument: 'D0:HIGH', auth: token });
what if the argument is not needed? leave blank or 0
and would the variable functionCall be the data returned from the function on the electron ?
Particle.function("gps", gpsPublish);
int gpsPublish(String command) {
 if (t.gpsFix()) {
 lat = (t.readLatDeg());
 lon = (t.readLonDeg());
 speedKnots = t.getSpeed();
 speedMph = speedKnots*1.151;
 if(speedMph < 2) {
 speedMph = 0; }

 char data[256];
 snprintf(data, sizeof(data), " %f, %f, %.2f, %.2f, tinkerToy : %i " , lat, lon, speedMph, fuel.getVCell(), unitId);
 Particle.publish("GPS", data, PRIVATE);
 return 1;
 } else {
 return 0;
 }
is the function ran when calling "gps".
would the data be stored I the variable as a array ?
before I would use
spark.getDevice(deviceName, function(err, d) {
 device = d;
 device.onEvent(false, function(data){
 if (data.name == "GPS") {
I keep looking to try and figure out what device = d means , not sure where d came from. I had followed instructions that were on I think havicstudios .com , but all his stuff is gone now. im at the point id be willing to pay someone to help me figure this out and help me to understand so I don't have so many questions
It seems your actual problem is not the Particle SDK but rather missing the basic concepts of JavaScript.
e.g.
The second parameter in your spark.getDevice() call is a "callback" function that will be triggered to deal with the results generated by the actual call. This callback function will receive two parameters (err and d) where the first one would be some error "object" but the second would represent the actual device object (reference) you were requesting.
And the active code of that callback is supposed to do something with these parameters - e.g. storing the object reference in a global variable (device) to be used elsewhere in your code.
From here
If you called the lambda parameter devID (instead of d) you'd obviously write device = devID;.
BTW, the last code snippet is not calling a Particle.function() but subscribing to an even.
Nope, this would be a promise. You need to get the reference to that promise in order to treat the asynchronous outcome of the call.
The example in the docs shows how it's done.
If I didn't have a lot of experience with JS I'd just pass an empty string as argument :wink:
The example calls a Particle.function("brew", ...) so in your case you'd replace 'brew' with 'gps' - not exactly rocket science.
BTW, you don't actually want 'DEVICE_ID' in there, this should just inform the discerning reader what is meant to go there.


Car batteries run on relativity
Technology 14 January 2011
The transfer of electrons between two forms of lead in the batteries yields a potential of more than 2 volts, higher than most other batteries. But why they are so good has been a puzzle. Lighter weight tin, for example, which sits one row above lead in the periodic table, is too feeble to power a battery.
Pekka Pyykkö at the University of Helsinki in Finland and colleagues have calculated that the stronger charges on the heavier lead nuclei attract electrons more powerfully, so they reach 60 per cent the speed of light compared to tin's 35 per cent. According to relativity, this gives the electrons higher effective masses, increasing their binding energy to the electrode that attracts them and thus their voltage.
Without these relativistic effects, Pyykkö and colleagues calculate that lead-acid batteries would generate only 0.39 volts. With them, they predict 2.13 volts, in good agreement with the measured 2.11 volts.
"Batteries involving other heavy elements, such as mercury, will probably have very similar effects," Pyykkö told New Scientist.
Journal reference: Physical Review Letters, vol 106, p 018391


MATLAB Answers
Connecting dots with straight line in a loop.
15 views (last 30 days)
Hi all,
I have a question regarding connecting the dots.
Suppose I have the following sample data points:
example.png
I have a while-loop that identifies the first, second, and fourth points in the figure.
I know their index numbers and their (x,y) values.
Pictorially, I would like to connect with a straight line, the aforementioned points.
What is the best way of doing this?
My gut feeling is to input the "draw" code within the while-loop I have so each time I obtain the index of the next point I want to connect, I simply connect to that pictorially. But how to go about this?
Thanks in advance!
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Accepted Answer
Image Analyst
Image Analyst on 20 Oct 2019
It seems that no one is exactly sure what you want to do, since the super obvious plot(x,y,'b-') doesn't seem to be it.
So I'll throw out a couple of guesses.
To close the figure (if that's what you want) you can tack the first point onto the array:
xp = [x, x(1)];
yp = [y, y(1)];
plot(xp, yp, 'b.-', 'LineWidth', 2, 'MarkerSize', 18);
grid on;
To make a bunch of points in between, you'd have to use polyfit and polyval() for each segment. Here it is for one segment with endpoints (x1, y1) and (x2, y2):
numNewPoints = 100; % Whatever you want.
newx = linspace(x1, x2, numNewPoints);
y = linspace(y1, y2, numNewPoints);
coefficients = polyfit([x1,x2], [y1, y2], 1);
newY = polyval(coefficients, newx);
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More Answers (2)
darova
darova on 20 Oct 2019
Just use plot function
plot(x(index),y(index))
 2 Comments
Tatte Berklee
Tatte Berklee on 20 Oct 2019
Hi! But how does the plot make the dots connect? Not only do I want the dots appear on the plot but also connect to the subsequent dot I obtain.
darova
darova on 20 Oct 2019
If you have data (x,y) and it's order just use plot
x = rand(1,4);
y = rand(1,4);
index = [1 4 2 3];
plot(x(index),y(index))
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Home » Food Preservation » Freezing » Can English Muffins Be Frozen?
Can English Muffins Be Frozen?
Maria Foster
Last Updated on
by Maria Foster
Can you freeze English muffins if you can't eat them right away? Yes, but the way you store them will affect how they taste after you reheat them.
English muffins
How To Freeze English Muffins
While you can throw an entire unopened package of English muffins straight into the freezer, this isn't as effective as storing them properly.
Here's how to do that:
The first step is pre-slicing the English muffins. Use a fork for this instead of a knife. Pulling them apart with a fork helps retain their internal structure, where the air bubbles are good for cupping honey, jam, or other fillings. This works similarly to waffles. Separating English muffins this way makes it easier to reheat them later and will not lower their quality.
Next, wrap each set of halves separately. Many people use aluminum foil for bread, but you can also use plastic wrap or similar storage material. The goal here is to minimize the air that flows over the product, which will ultimately lead to damage and freezer burn.
Pick a Proper Container
After that, find a proper freezer bag. If you bought the muffins from a store, the plastic wrapping them is usually too thin to work correctly in a freezer. It's better to use a resealable plastic bag designed for freezers because it's thicker and much less likely to get damaged over time.
If you're using a bag, squeeze out as much air as you can before sealing the bag. This will reduce the amount of freezer burn your food experiences.
Alternatively, you can store your English muffins in a large, sealed container. Some people use a large plastic container to rotate bread through as needed, which provides even more protection. However, it also wastes some space in the freezer, so it's not a good choice for every family.
Finally, decide where you want to store your muffins. The best place is in the coldest part of the freezer, which is always somewhere in the back and usually lower in the freezer. The temperature is closest to constant there, which helps prevent freezer burn. Things near the front are more likely to experience changes.
You can put your English muffins closer to the front if you're using a thick plastic container. These containers don't change their temperature quickly enough when you open the door to hurt your food, so they provide added flexibility in storing food while maintaining quality.
Finally, regardless of where you store your English muffins, try to keep them away from anything with a strong odor. They might adopt those smells as part of their flavor, which can ruin the experience of eating them.
How Long Do English Muffins Last In The Freezer?
English muffins maintain most of their quality for three months. However, this is only true if you're storing them unheated and by themselves. If you're assembling meals out of them, such as freezing breakfast sandwiches, their lifespan is determined by the other ingredients in that meal and could range from a few days to a few weeks.
Can you freeze English muffins any longer than three months, you ask? Yes, you can.
While you should eat them within three months for the best quality, they'll last for up to six months if you need to keep them any longer. Past this point, they're likely to start suffering damage even if you stored them well.
Everything eventually dehydrates and experiences freezer burn, so make sure you have a plan to use the muffins and try to eat the oldest ones first.
What Is The Best Way To Store English Muffins?
As bread products, English muffins thaw considerably better than some other foods. You can use a toaster, an oven, or even your countertop (for a slower thaw) if needed
Storing them this way means you don't have to half-defrost them to separate them later, which makes them considerably easier to use.
For more information on storing English muffins and other types of food, make sure you familiarize yourself with the USDA guidelines.
How To Thaw English Muffins
For faster results, start by heating them for 20-30 seconds in your microwave. The time you'll need depends on the power of your microwave, so experiment a little and figure out what works best for you.
Optionally, you can put a paper towel around the muffins while you're microwaving them. This will help keep their remaining moisture in and stop them from drying out too much while you're reheating them.
You don't need to completely thaw them here. In fact, it's okay even if part of the muffin still feels cold and frozen. The goal of using a microwave this way is softening the muffins up a little and turning them from frozen solid to a more room-temperature setting.
Once they're partially thawed this way, you can put them in a toaster or toaster oven and finish heating them. They should end up near their normal toasting temperature and taste just fine. Bread is one of the more durable products you can put in the freezer, so you may not even notice the difference as long as you eat them within a few months of freezing.
English Muffin From Microwave
Advanced Toasting
Suppose you're going to heat English muffins in a toaster oven after thawing them. In that case, you can add ingredients after microwaving them (as described above) but before putting them into the toaster.
This is a great opportunity to add wetter toppings like pesto, meats, cheeses, or anything else you want to add that can be warmed up. However, the density of your toppings makes a large difference here. If you pile things on too thickly, the heat won't get all the way to the muffin and some parts will still be cold.
To mitigate this, try to avoid having the toppings be any thicker than the muffin itself. Similarly, experiment a little with your specific toppings and with different settings on your toaster oven to see what heats the best.
In many cases, toasting a little above the halfway point works out well for English muffins. While that might be too much for them normally, the extra ingredients will absorb most of the heat and help provide a consistent temperature for the final result.
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text:
Florida is the Sunshine State, so here in Pensacola, we need to take extra precautions when going out in the sun.
How did Florida get its nickname?
It has a generally warm climatesubtropical in the northern and central regions of the state and a true tropical climate in the southern portion.
When did it get its nickname?
In 1970, the nickname was officially adopted by the legislature.
How much sunshine does Florida get?
On average, the state gets 300 days of sunshine each year.
The EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) and the Centers for Disease Control have created state-specific fact sheets about skin cancer incidence and prevention. Click here to view the sheet for Florida.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


- "Genshin Impact" has a few hidden mechanics that the game does not explain to players
 - The ICD system dictates the frequency in which elemental auras are applied by attacks
 - This system has a number of rules and exceptions for every character
The combat system in "Genshin Impact" is easy to understand and even easier to use in practice. However, there are plenty of things happening behind the scenes that the average player may not immediately notice. The ICD mechanic falls under this category.
Exploiting the ICD is important for maximizing damage output in "Genshin Impact." Much like the Elemental Gauge Theory, the game doesn't explain this mechanic at all, but members of the "Genshin Impact" community have put it upon themselves to try and discover how ICDs work by themselves.
What Are ICDs?
ICD, or Internal Cooldown, is a hidden mechanic that affects the frequency in which elemental attacks apply elemental auras on the same enemy. Simply put, elemental attacks can only apply elemental auras to enemies depending on their independent internal cooldown timers. Attacks cannot apply elemental auras in quick succession, except for some specific abilities.
There are two rules that determine when an aura can be applied:
 1. Attacks can only apply auras every 2.5 seconds.
 2. Attacks will reapply an aura after three hits.
These rules are independent of each other. For example, if Hu Tao inflicts a Pyro aura on an enemy, she will not be able to inflict another Pyro aura for the next 2.5 seconds or until she hits the same enemy four times in quick succession. If she fails to hit the enemy four times after 2.5 seconds, then her ICD will reset by virtue of the first rule.
Hu Tao, the 77th Director of the Wangsheng Funeral Parlor - Genshin Impact Hu Tao, the 77th Director of the Wangsheng Funeral Parlor Photo: Genshin Impact
Different attacks have unique ICD tags attached to them. These tags simply serve as indicators that let the game know what type of attack is being used.
Some attacks, such as Ganyu's charged shots, have no ICD timers and will always apply auras so long as they hit.
How To Exploit ICDs
Knowing a character's ICDs can help increase the efficiency of element application. This will help players make sure that no attacks go to waste when chaining elemental reactions.
For example, Diona's constellation passive that makes her aimed shots charge faster will not affect her aimed shot ICD, which means that every other hit on an enemy will not inflict Cryo.
Alternatively, each hit of Diluc's Elemental Skill will apply Pyro because each strike has a different ICD tag.
Working around ICDs is what makes quick-swap teams very viable. Players will be able to constantly apply and reapply an element so long as they use different attacks from different characters. This can result in big combos filled with elemental reactions if played properly.
Here's a detailed overview of ICDs provided by TenTen, one of the community's most helpful content creators for in-depth "Genshin Impact" information:


text:
Students will be given a yellow receipt that is a valid Instruction Permit until their hard-card photo permit comes in the mail. The yellow receipt is valid for 60 days. If the hard-card photo permit is not received within 60 days, it is your responsibility to call the Minnesota Department of Public Safety at the phone number shown on the yellow receipt.
The Instruction Permit allows the student to practice driving with a licensed driver who is age 21 or older. The student must have the Instruction Permit with them at all times while driving. The student is required to hold the Instruction Permit for a minimum of six months before attempting their Road Test. The Instruction Permit is valid for two years and is renewable.
To be eligible to take the Knowledge Test and apply for an Instruction Permit, students must:
- Be at least 15 years old
- Have complete 30 hours of classroom instruction and received their Blue Card from Safeway
- Bring a primary and secondary form of identification
Primary Forms: certified birth certificate or valid passport
Secondary Forms: school issued ID card or original Social Security card
- Present their Blue Card from Safeway
- Present their Minnesota ID card (if they have one)
- Know their Social Security number (must be provided on application)
- Pass a Vision Test
- Have their photo taken
- Pay the fee of $15.50 (credit cards not accepted)
- Have a parent or guardian available to sign the application

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Lake Weatherford (Trinity River Basin)
Lake Weatherford is located seven miles east of Weatherford in Parker County, on the Clear Fork Trinity River, a tributary of the Trinity River. Lake Weatherford is owned and operated by the City of Weatherford and serves primarily as a water supply source for municipal and industrial uses. Construction on Weatherford Dam began in June of 1956, with deliberate impoundment and completion of the dam occurring in March of 1957.
In 1993 the service spillway was modified to repair flood damages and increase the overall spillway capacity. The dam crest was raised 3 feet to an elevation of 917.0 feet above mean sea level. A new service spillway inlet consisting of a four-fingered radial labyrinth crest was constructed and connected to the existing 9-foot square discharge conduit. The crest of this service spillway is at an elevation of 896 feet above mean sea level. The second stage emergency spillway channel at an elevation of 906 feet was widened to a total length of 1,400 feet. According to TWDB 2008 survey, at the top of conservation pool elevation, 896 feet above mean sea level, the lake has a surface area of 1,112 acres and contains 17,812 acre-feet of water. This reservoir controls a drainage area of about 109 square miles.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Indigenous population at risk from Taser rollout: academics
The continuing rollout of electric stun-guns to Australian police has raised concerns that Indigenous Australians will be over-represented as targets of the controversial technology.
Academics also say that research into the physical harm these weapons inflict is inadequate because the guns are tested on healthy people in controlled environments.
Front-line police officers in Western Australian and the Northern Territory are now being issued with the stun-guns, known as Tasers.
Tasers, which deliver up to 50,000-volt electrical pulses over five seconds to immobilise people, are also due to be introduced across Queensland police services from July.
In South Australia, New South Wales and Victoria, Tasers are restricted to use by special response teams.
The latest three jurisdictions to adopt the Tasers have Australia's highest Aboriginal populations.
Professor Chris Cunneen, a criminologist at the University of New South Wales, says Indigenous Australians are always over-represented as the victims of new public-order policing policy.
"We would expect that it will be Aboriginal people that [Tasers] are used against," said Professor Cunneen, from the university's law faculty.
Professor Cunneen says the introduction of capsicum spray is a good precedent for extrapolating the future use of Tasers.
"Capsicum spray was introduced in the framework that it would be used in exceptional circumstances," he said.
"But it has become relied on in a way that is more routine."
Professor Cunneen is also concerned the below-average health of many Indigenous Australians means a taser incident could take a greater toll.
"You would imagine the cardiovascular and health issues Aboriginal people face would raise concerns," he said.
"The testing [of Tasers] has been done on healthy people and in controlled environments. But that's not the way it's used."
He says safety procedures for less-than-lethal technologies often get "pushed by the wayside" in operational environments.
Associate Professor Jude McCulloch, a criminologist in the Faculty of Arts at Monash University, supports his view.
"Less-than-lethal technologies are used often disproportionately on marginalised and criminalised groups," she said.
"And in Australia that would be the Indigenous population."
She says the lack of research on Tasers' impact on victims in agitated or over-stimulated states means such targets are in effect "guinea pigs".
Professor McCulloch says new technologies, such as Tasers and capsicum spray, are often justified on "the basis they be used as an alternative to firearms".
"[But] we know from the US [the Taser] doesn't have an impact on the number of occasions when lethal force is used," she said.
Instead she says Tasers are often used to make suspects comply with a police order.
'Fill the gap'
One of Professor McCulloch's doctoral students is investigating Taser use in Australia and says she hopes this work will start to "fill the gap" in research.
She says there is little independent research into the electric stun-gun and that much US research is compromised by its relationship to manufacturers of the technology.
The lack of research into the effects of the stun-gun on people in agitated states was highlighted to police by an Australian researcher almost four years ago.
A 2004 paper commissioned by Victoria Police says Taser testing has been limited to "fit and healthy people with normal heart rate and blood pressure".
The manager of biomedical engineering at the Alfred Hospital, John Southwell, says the tests are not conclusive enough.
"None of the large-scale studies examines the effects on an aggravated/violent person who may have high heart rate and blood pressure conditions, abnormal heart conditions and/or low skin impedance due to high perspiration," he said.
Colonel Andy Mazzara, director of the US Institute for Non-Lethal Defense Technologies at Pennsylvania State University, says the effectiveness of Tasers makes them "extremely popular within the law enforcement community".
However, he says there is concern in the US about the number of Taser-associated deaths.
Colonel Mazzara says studies have been done recently or are underway to better understand the biological factors or mechanisms that might contribute to such deaths.
"Many times, the individual has been overweight, on drugs, or had a pre-existing medical condition," he said.
There have also been some so-called secondary-effect situations where a person might have fallen to the ground and hurt themselves.
In response to these concerns, the US National Institute of Justice has commissioned a study into the impact of "conducted energy devices" on in-custody deaths.
The two-year study is reviewing each US death reportedly due to a stun-gun, with interim findings due to be released later this month.


text: In order to realize high-precision measurement of spatial dynamic angle, a spatial dynamic angle measurement method based on machine vision is proposed. A high-precision two-axis servo system is installed onto the measured target. When the spatial angle of the measured target is changed, the servo system outputs the pitch angle and the azimuth angle by identifying and tracking the cooperative target。According to the spatial coordinate system transformation，the angle change value of the measured target can be obtained. The measurement accuracy of the spatial angle will be influenced by the accuracy of the tracking cooperative target with the servo system. A cross-patterned target board is designed based on the measured distance and the imaging system. Several major algorithms of detection are summarized. Their merits and demerits are analyzed by identifying and locating the center of captured image. The captured images are compared by the servo system controlled with these algorithms. The measurement results are solved by spatial coordinate transformation. According to the experimental results, a fast detection algorithm of target center in the real-time image processing is selected. High accuracy and good real-time performance of this method in processing the target image is demonstrated by calculating and comparing the results of each image processing algorithm, which satisfies the measured requirement of space dynamic angle.


text:
As the IGHI Student Challenges Competition opens for entries, we take a look at the previous winners and where they are now.
From a diagnostic tool to detect a silent cancer to an innovative way to store vaccines in developing countries, Imperial has provided a platform for UK students to showcase their ideas and improve global health.
Since the inception of the Institute of Global Health Innovation's (IGHI) annual Student Challenges Competition in 2012, we have received numerous applications and out of these applications, almost 30 finalists have pitched their ideas to win prize money of up to £5,000 to help make their idea a reality.
The 2018 competition which opened last week is accepting entries until 8th February and is open to all UK registered university students. Find out more and apply online.
In this article, we take a look at the top five innovations from the competition over the years:
1. Ideabatic - SMILE
A new way to store and cool vaccines during the last mile of their journey to the clinic claimed the £5,000 in the 2016/17 competition.
The University of Cambridge's Kitty Liao and Imperial College London's Abellona U claimed the first prize which went towards their start-up company 'Ideabatic'. Their life-saving vaccine cooling and delivery system 'SMILE' aims to deliver vaccines to the 19 million unvaccinated children living in the most remote areas of the world.
According to the World Health Organisation, every year, two to three million children die of vaccine-preventable diseases and in 2016, there were 19.4 million children who are unable to receive basic vaccinations. One of the main contributing factors to these figures is that the cool boxes currently used for delivering vaccines to the most remote regions, termed 'the last-mile journey', are inadequate. A typical last-mile journey takes between two to seven days. However, the cool boxes currently used can only maintain vaccines to be within the required temperature range of two to eight degrees Celsius for up to 14 hours. As a result, 20 to 50 percent of the vaccines are spoiled during the last-mile journey, which amounts to an annual total of 600 million dollars' worth of vaccines being wasted globally. Ideabatic is developing SMILE, a smart last-mile vaccine delivery system to address this issue.
The prize from the competition has been very helpful for us to secure our UK patent.
– Kitty Liao and Abellona U
Winners of Student Challenges 2017
"So much has happened since we won the Student Challenges Competition last year" says winner Kitty Liao. "The prize from the competition has been very helpful for us to secure our UK patent. Following that, we have recently submitted our global patent".
Read more about the progress of Ideabatic in their recent blog article.
2. Putting TB to the test
A new way to test for tuberculosis claimed the top prize in the 2015/16 Competition.
Imperial PHD student Harriet Gliddon impressed the judges with her idea to revolutionise tuberculosis (TB) testing.
TB is now the joint leading cause of death worldwide due to an infectious disease, alongside HIV. Despite the need for early accurate testing to treat the disease and prevent new infections there is not a current test that is quick, easy to use and affordable. Harriet's proposal used nanomaterials to detect unique genetic barcodes for TB in the blood, which would enable earlier treatment and prevent further transmission.
The competition has helped me to think about how my work will fit into a real world context.
– Harriet Gliddon
Winner of Student Challenges 2016
"Winning was an amazing feeling and I am so glad I applied" said Harriet. "The competition has helped me to think about how my work will fit into a real world context and the prize money has helped me develop a prototype for my TB diagnostics test, which I hope will lead to transforming TB diagnostics worldwide".
Read Harriet's latest article updating on her progress here.
3. Increasing accuracy in neurosurgery
Imperial PhD students Christopher Payne and Hani Marcus impressed the Dragons the most in the 2014/15 competition. Their inspiring and inventive idea was for a smart handheld instrument for microsurgery that alerts neurosurgeons if they are at risk of damaging tissue they are handling. We all make mistakes, whether it's a typo, a miscommunication or a glitch, but for neurosurgeons, the impact of a mistake can lead to a life or death situation. Christopher and Hani's device works by indicating to surgeons, via vibrotactile feedback, when a force threshold has been exceeded, allowing the surgeon to adjust the amount of pressure they are exerting to avoid damaging the tissue. Many existing haptic-feedback systems, particularly master-slave robotic platforms, are large, extremely complex, and costly. However, their approach is small, simple, and inexpensive, so it can be scaled up quite easily.
The prize money was a huge help in enabling us to take the project forwards.
– Christopher Payne and Hani Marcus
Winners of the 2015 competition
"We were absolutely delighted to have won the IGHI Student Challenges Competition" said Christopher and Hani. "We were both very grateful to have had the opportunity to showcase our work; the prize money was a huge help in enabling us to take the project forwards". Find out more about how their project has progressed in their blog article here.
4. Improving the diagnosis of schistosomiasis
Imperial medical student Gabrielle Prager scooped the £5,000 prize money for her work on improving the diagnosis of schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease.
Gabrielle's project focused on a new diagnostic technique for schistosomiasis, a disease caused by parasitic flatworms which leads to chronic infection and affects over 200 million people worldwide. Schistosomiasis control through mass treatment using the medication praziquantel is progressing rapidly. However, current diagnostic methods based on detecting the worms' eggs by microscopy have limited sensitivity, being particularly unreliable at low infection intensities. More sensitive diagnostics are desperately needed, explained Gabrielle, for both the identification of communities in need of drug treatment and the monitoring of treatment success.
The prize money has helped me ascertain whether a new technique to detect the parasite's DNA might offer increased sensitivity, resulting in more accurate diagnosis.
– Gabrielle Prager
Winner of Student Challenges 2014
"We all hope to be able to recognise the moment when what we have learned becomes what we do - to turn theory into practice. IGHI's Student Challenges Competition is a platform that allowed me to consider what we saw as a need in terms of a solution. It encouraged me to apply the scientific work I was doing in a pragmatic and constructive way".
"The prize money has helped me ascertain whether a new technique to detect the parasite's DNA might offer increased sensitivity, resulting in more accurate diagnosis and hopefully, less false positives~. Read Gabrielle's blog article here.
5. Detecting a silent cancer
John Chetwood, a fifth year medical student at the College, was awarded the 2012 prize.
The winning project used urinary biomarkers to create a new diagnostic tool to detect Cholangiocarcinoma, an aggressive form of cancer that affects the bile ducts, and is caused by the parasitic worm liver-fluke. John used NMR spectroscopy to identify liver cancer in Thai patients and to distinguish between healthy controls and infected populations.
Read John's blog article here.
To find out more about the Student Challenges Competition, visit the website.
Article text (excluding photos or graphics) available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike Creative Commons license.
Photos and graphics subject to third party copyright used with permission or © Imperial College London.


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Do you want to grow turnip seeds in Ohio, but don't know when to start them?
Starting turnip seeds is not as easy as it seems.
- Turnip Seeds must be consistenly watered, receive at least 8 hours of sunlight a day, & be kept at room temperature of at least 70 degrees Fahrenheit.
So if you don't consistently water them they won't germinate. If they aren't in a room that is at least 70 degrees Fahrenheit they won't sprout. And if it receives 8 hours of sunlight the plant itself won't grow.
- Because Ohio's growing season is not long enough, turnip seeds cannot be sowed outside and should only be started indoors.
Because of this, I'm going to teach you the ideal time to start turnip seeds indoors in Ohio:
- To Learn More About HOW to Grow Turnips, Check Out This GUIDE!
When to Start Turnip Seeds Indoors
Depending on the type of turnip, it takes roughly 14-21 days (2 to 3 weeks) to grow turnips from seed indoors before you can transplant them into your garden.
The approximate date of when you should start your turnip seeds indoors can be found by:
- Finding the last average frost date HERE
- And then subtract 21 days from it
You can also find the average last frost date for most major cities in the below chart that I have created:
To help ensure the greatest success of your turnip seeds germinating you should:
- Use a heat mat to ensure the gardening pot remains at 70 degrees Fahrenheit
- Use a grow light to control how much light your turnip seeds receive
- Water your seeds with a spray bottle to ensure your seeds are not overwatered
It should also be noted that you will not want to introduce your turnip plants into your garden until 2 weeks after your last frost or else your plant will potentially die or not bear vegetables.
If you want to learn WHEN to start ANY Vegetable Seed in Ohio, head over to HERE and just type in the vegetable you want to grow.


NavMesh building components API
Creating a NavMesh Agent
Advanced NavMesh Bake Settings
Min Region Area
The Min Region Area advanced build settings allows you to cull away small non-connected NavMesh regions. NavMesh regions whose surface area is smaller than the specified value, will be removed.
Please note that some areas may not get removed despite the Min Region Area setting. The NavMesh is built in parallel as a grid of tiles. If an area straddles a tile boundary, the area is not removed. The reason for this is that the area pruning happens at a stage in the build process where surrounding tiles are not accessible.
Voxel Size
Manual voxel size allows you to change the accuracy at which the bake process operates.
The NavMesh bake process uses voxelization to build the NavMesh from arbitrary level geometry. In the first pass of the algorithm, the scene is rasterized into voxels, then the walkable surfaces are extracted, and finally the walkable surfaces are turned into a navigation mesh. The voxel size describes how accurately the resulting NavMesh represents the scene geometry.
The default accuracy is set so that there are 3 voxels per agent radius, that is, the whole agent width is 6 voxels. This is a good trade off between accuracy and bake speed. Halving the voxel size will increase the memory usage by 4x and it will take 4x longer to build the scene.
Generally you should not need to adjust the voxel size, there are two scenarios where this might be necessary: building a smaller agent radius, or more accurate NavMesh.
Smaller Agent Radius
When you bake for an artificially smaller agent radius, the NavMesh bake system will also reduce the voxel size. If your other agent dimensions stays the same, it may not be necessary to increase the NavMesh build resolution.
The easiest way to do that is as follows:
 1. Set the Agent Radius to the real agent radius.
 2. Turn on the Manual Voxel Size, this will take the current voxel size and "freeze it".
 3. Set the artificially smaller Agent Radius, since you have checked on the Manual Voxel Size the voxel size will not change.
More Accurate NavMesh
If your level has a lot of tight spots, you may want to increase the accuracy by making the voxel smaller. The label under the Voxel Size shows the relation between the voxel size and Agent Radius. A good range is something between 2–8, going further than that generally results really long build times.
When you intentionally build tight corridors in your game, please note that you should leave at least 4 * voxelSize clearance in addition to the agent radius, especially if the corridors are at angles.
If you need smaller corridors than the NavMesh baking can support, please consider using Off-Mesh Links. These have the additional benefit that you can detect when they are being used and can, for example, play a specific animation.
Further reading
NavMesh building components API
Creating a NavMesh Agent


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Loughborough University study shows the need and impact of Teach Active!
Teach Active are proud to work in partnership with Loughborough University and Professor Lauren Sherar. Working with Loughborough University, and schools across the UK, it is great to see the difference Teach Active is having.Read more
Tool to get more kids in the Middle East active by ditching their desks showcased at this year's GESS show
Schools across the Middle East will be encouraged to ditch the desks as Teach Active makes its debut at GESS Dubai (Stand UK Zone U1 Pod A).Read more


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Transit rail stations that are compliant with requirements under the Americans with Disability Act (ADA) (box 6-C) increased 178 percent from just 553 stations (out of 2,452) in 1993 to 1,537 stations (out of 2,799) in 2003 (figure 6-6). Yet, the rate at which compliance increased at commuter-rail, light-rail, and heavy-rail stations differed (figure 6-7).
The percentage of light-rail stations that are ADA accessible rose the fastest among the transit rail modes, from 24 percent compliant (92 stations) in 1993 to 76 percent (466 stations) in 2003 (figure 6-7). During the same time period, commuter-rail station accessibility grew from 23 percent (242 stations) to 56 percent (643 stations). Heavy-rail riders also experienced an increase in ADA-compliant stations, from 22 percent (217 stations) in 1993 to 41 percent (416 stations) in 2003.
Transit buses are also subject to ADA requirements. As of 2003, 95 percent of all transit buses were equipped with lifts or ramps to make them accessible to disabled riders.1
1. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration, National Transit Database 2003, available at _URL_ as of April 2005.
1 For more information on accessible buses, see Transportation Statistics Annual Report, September 2004.


What is the full form of RPAD?
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rpad full form
The full form of RPAD adds an extra layer of complexity. So, what exactly is the full form of RPAD? Let's dive into the world of programming and uncover the meaning behind this seemingly cryptic acronym.
Also Read: What is the full form of NRP?
RPAD Demystified
RPAD stands for "Right Padding," and it's a term commonly used in programming and data manipulation. Padding refers to the act of adding characters to a string or data structure to reach a certain length. In the case of RPAD, the padding occurs on the right side of the string.
Also Read: What is the full form of NHK?
Understanding the Concept
Imagine you have a column of numbers, and you want them all to be the same length for clarity and consistency. This is where RPAD comes into play. It ensures that the values are right-padded with spaces or a specified character until they meet the desired length. This process is particularly useful in database management and when working with fixed-width data formats.
Also Read: What is the full form of MSS?
Practical Applications
RPAD is frequently employed in SQL (Structured Query Language) to format output and enhance readability. For example, when retrieving data from a database, you might use RPAD to ensure that values in a column are uniformly presented. This not only facilitates easier analysis but also improves the visual appeal of the data.
Also Read: What is the full form of MSM?
Example in SQL
In this SQL query, the employee names will be padded on the right with spaces until they reach a length of 20 characters.
Also Read: What is the full form of MPL?
In the ever-evolving landscape of technology, understanding such terms is crucial for effective communication and collaboration. RPAD, or Right Padding, might have seemed enigmatic at first, but it plays a vital role in ensuring data consistency and presentation.
Also Read: What is the full form of MNAMS?
For more such full forms check out our blog on Full Forms. For more abbreviations like this, you can check out our 300+ Full forms list!
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What is Spider Blocking?
Spider blocking is a feature of the LSN CDN that allows you to block Google from indexing your CDN content.
How to Enable Spider Blocking
 1. Login to OnePortal's cdn.html">CDN setup page.
 2. Click "Other Options".
 3. Under "Block Bots" select "On".
 4. Click "Save Changes".
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text:
The Nevada Department of Education (NDE) fulfills three types of requests for information:
- Public records requests: documents that are prepared, used, or maintained by NDE in the course of governing or performing a governmental function.
- Education records requests: records directly related to a student and maintained by NDE (meaning the record contains personally identifiable information about a student)x
- Data Requests: collections of numeric or other information not otherwise contained in public or education record.
If you have a general inquiry that is not a request for information as defined above, please contact NDE receptionist at _PHONE_ for further assistance.
Before submitting a formal request for information, all requesters are expected to check the following public data sources to see if the data may already be available:
- Nevada Report Card: detailed information (including downloadable datasets) about each Nevada school and district, including assessment results, student demographics, teacher qualifications, student safety, parent involvement and much more.
- Nevada School Performance Framework (NSPF): information about the Nevada school ratings and classifies schools within a five-star performance rating system.


3
$\begingroup$
Given two bitmap images (two arbitrarily sized two-dimensional matrices of integer values ranging from 0 to some maximum number), I want to determine their maximum overlaps.
An overlap is a relative positioning of the images (a translation of the second image) producing a nonempty intersection on which both images are the same.
For instance, the images $\left\langle \begin{bmatrix}0 & 1\\0 & 1\end{bmatrix}, \begin{bmatrix}1 & 1\\1 & 1\end{bmatrix} \right\rangle$ have overlaps $\{ (1,-1), (1,0), (1,1) \}$, with intersection sizes $1,2,1$, respectively, so only $(1,0)$ is maximal.
It seems to me we can create a fast algorithm based on generalizing suffix trees to "subimage trees", built with a floodfill algorithm.
Is this a viable approach? Is it better than alternatives?
Is this problem discussed in the literature? What is its time complexity?
(My apologies for asking several related questions at once.)
$\endgroup$
2
 - $\begingroup$ What is "subimage trees"? I couldn't find information of this by searching. $\endgroup$
 – pcpthm
 Feb 24 at 9:57
 - $\begingroup$ What I mean is a 2D version of a suffix tree. Instead of mapping each substrings of a string to the positions in the string where they occur, it would map subimages of the original images to the 2D positions where they occur. I'm being vague because I haven't actually tried to implement it. $\endgroup$ Feb 24 at 11:25
1 Answer 1
2
$\begingroup$
For a pair of matrices $A, B$, $B$ maximally overlaps $A$ at a position if and only if certain two rectangular sub-matrices of $A$ and $B$ match.
It is not clear how to use the two-dimensional suffix tree for this problem, because this data structure can only process square sub-matrix matching queries.
An answer is to use the fingerprinting-based algorithm. By generalizing Rabin-Karp algorithm, any rectangular sub-matrix pattern matching query can be answered in constant time.
More specifically, a matrix $A \in \mathbb{Z}^{n \times m}$ is represented by a fingerprint $h(A) = \sum_{i=1}^n \sum_{j=1}^m A_{i,j} X^{i-1} Y^{j-1}$ in two randomly-chosen variables $X, Y$ in a big enough finite field. By pre-computing all "prefix" values of forms $h(A[1:i,1:j])$ and $X^iY^j$, any fingerprint of a rectangular sub-matrix can be computed in constant time.
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3
 - $\begingroup$ You're right, the linked problem is different. I've removed the reference. I am looking for exact matching, not approximate matching. $\endgroup$ Feb 23 at 16:05
 - $\begingroup$ I have rewritten the answer for the updated question. $\endgroup$
 – pcpthm
 Feb 24 at 10:42
 - $\begingroup$ Thanks for the update, this looks very useful. $\endgroup$ Feb 24 at 11:28
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text:
In this paper we extend and study the method for generating contours of diffuse objects employing a dual beam illumination coupled with electronic speckle pattern interferometry. The sensitivity and the orientation of the contour planes are analyzed. A novel method for tilting the planes of contours and experimental results incorporating phase shifting and fringe analysis are also presented. The theoretical and the experimental results show good agreement.
© 1990 Optical Society of America
Original Manuscript: July 24, 1989
Published: May 1, 1990
Charles Joenathan, Berthold Pfister, and H. J. Tiziani, "Contouring by electronic speckle pattern interferometry employing dual beam illumination," Appl. Opt. 29, _PHONE_ (1990)


Two steps to a finished data plate with serial number
SpeedMark software includes feature to set up a program for marking anodized aluminum in just a few easy steps. Below is a guide to show you how. In this example, the data plate consists of two elements: the graphic file with the fixed content and the extension with the serial number. First, import the graphic file.
Step 1:
Upload the graphic file (bmp file) by clicking the "bmp" icon. (Note: you can also use other common graphic files). Now you can find the desired graphic in the graphic field.
Step 2:
After the import, the data plate layout is displayed in the middle of the graphic field. Depending on requirements, you can freely move this within the marking area (for example to mark multiple data plates at once).
See also Tips & Tricks "SpeedMark array function"
Laser marking dataplates and industrial tags
Adding the serial number
Step 1:
Add a text field in the flowchart (see picture) and select "Serial number" for source.
Step 2:
A selection field will appear, where you can specify how the serial number should look. Create your combination of text and the number of digits to create your data plates.
Step 3:
Tips & Tricks "SpeedMark Laser Parameters" Tutorial
Trotec locations in your area
Find the nearest showroom
Still looking for engraving material for your data plates?
Find anodized aluminum in our Webshop!
 Visit our Web catalog
See our lasers in action! Request a demo now
Request a demo now


text:
Constructing an Open Box: An open box with a square base is requried to have a volume of 10 cubic feet.
a) Express the amount A of material used to make such a box as a function of the length x of a side of the square base. MY answer: S=x^2 + 4x(10/x^2)
b)How much material is required for a base 1 foot by 1 foot?
c)How much material is required for a base 2 feet by 2 feet?
d) Graph A=A(x). For what value of x is A smallest?
I cannot figure out b,c,d...thank you


Top tips for avoiding Chinese customs delays
According to the Foreign & Commonwealth Office, the value of UK exports to China have quadrupled between 2002 and 2012 and now stand at more than £12.5 billion, annually.
Any delivery into China has to go through Chinese Customs, and with that in mind, cross-border courier firm ParcelHero has put shared it's top three tips for avoiding customs hold-ups when sending shipments to China.
1: List each item on the Customs Invoice
The Customs Invoice or Customs Document is a crucial part of the customs clearance process for parcels to China. Customs Invoices should detail the items you are sending, their individual value and the reason you are sending them. The biggest mistake senders can make is to not list each item on the Customs Invoice.
ParcelHero's Head of Public Relations, David Jinks, says: "Many people will simply declare the contents of their parcel using one word, such as "Gift". They are unaware that Chinese Customs need more information about what is actually being shipped. When information is missing from the invoice it causes clearance delays. It's important to remember that Customs are a government authority and their rules are final and not negotiable.'
2: Provide valid contact details for the receiver
Chinese Customs authorities will contact your receiver as part of the Customs clearance process. This is a standard clearance protocol as China has extensive import regulations. The receiver or recipient of your parcel may be required to provide additional information to Chinese Customs. This could be an import licence, or confirmation of the reason for import. Therefore it's extremely important that you provide a valid telephone number and email address for your receiver in China when you book your parcel online. If customs are unable to contact your receiver then they will not be able to clear the goods for delivery.
3: Be aware of the Customs import regulations
Each country has different rules and regulations for what you can and cannot import. People are often unaware that they are responsible for ensuring the items they send to China are actually permitted for import into the country. Some items are prohibited, whilst other items may have specific restrictions in place in terms of quantities or values, so it's really important customers check the import rules and regulations for China prior to shipping. It's too late to check the rules after you have sent your parcel, and this could result in fines applied by Customs, or return shipping charges if your parcel is to be sent back.
goatChinese New Year will be celebrated around the world this week, as the Year of the Horse makes way for the Year of the Goat on 19 February.
The Year of the Goat is also referred to as the Year of the Sheep, and although this has led to some disagreements, it is generally accepted that both are names for the lunar new year. The symbol for the new year is 'yang' which can be used to refer to any sheep or goat.
According to some superstitions, most people born in the year of the sheep, or goat, will lead unhappy lives. Other superstitions around Chinese new year say that if you want to be lucky, you mustn't wash your hair on the first day of the new year, and you should wear red undies. Make of that what you will.


Goleta Slough flooding poses problems
Mosquitoes, birds and endangered trout raise issues
POSTED: 03:57 PM PDT May 16, 2013 UPDATED: 09:08 PM PDT May 16, 2013
GOLETA, Calif. -
The Goleta Slough is an area where fresh water and ocean water meet, but a sand berm is blocking the natural flow.
The water is flooding the area between the Santa Barbara Airport and Goleta Beach.
A pipeline was put in to siphon the water off, but it isn't working fast enough.
Mosquito management experts say they caught 25,000 mosquitoes in traps during one night, usually they only catch 200.
And the mosquitoes are the kind that can carry the West Nile virus.
The area is also attracting large birds though could cause airplane bird strikes.
Airport planners wanted to bulldoze the sand and silt that has built up since March, but that could threaten endangered steelhead trout.
Airport planners instend to ask the California Coastal Commission and the Army Corps of Engineers for permission.
The flooding has also stalled work on a fish ladder in the San Jose Creek.


text: The oxidative stability of selected tree nut oils was examined. The oils of almond, Brazil nut, hazelnut, pecan, pine nut, pistachio, and walnut were extracted using two solvent extraction systems, namely, hexane and chloroform/methanol. The chloroform/methanol system afforded a higher oil yield for each tree nut type examined (pine nut had the highest oil content, whereas almond had the lowest). The fatty acid compositions of tree nut oils were analyzed using gas chromatography, showing that oleic acid was the predominant fatty acid in all samples except pine nut and walnut oils, which contained high amounts of linoleic acid. The tocopherol compositions were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography, showing that alpha- and gamma-tocopherols were the predominant tocopherol homologues present; however delta- and beta-tocopherols were also detected in some samples. The oxidative stability of nonstripped and stripped tree nut oils was examined under two conditions, namely, accelerated autoxidation and photooxidation. Progression of oxidation was monitored using tests for conjugated dienes, peroxide value, p-anisidine value, and headspace volatiles. Primary products of oxidation persisted in the earlier stages of oxidation, whereas secondary oxidation product levels increased dramatically during the later stages of oxidation. Hexanal was the major headspace aldehyde formed in all oxidized samples except walnut oil, which contained primarily propanal. Results showed that chloroform/methanol-extracted oils were more stable than hexane-extracted oils in both the accelerated autoxidation and photooxidation studies. Oils of pecan and pistachio were the most stable, whereas oils of pine nut and walnut were the least stable.


text:
When substances do not mix thoroughly and evenly (like sand and gravel), the mixture is said to be heterogeneous
Both substances could be seen
When solid materials are mixed with solid materials, each of the mixed materials can be easily identified from one another.
Sand is a crystalline quartz that (if clean) Homogeneous.
answer:Sand ang Gravel is HETEROGENOUSExplanation:When substances do not mix thoroughly and evenly (like sand and gravel), the mixture is said to be heterogeneous. A heterogeneous mixture consists of visibly different substances. Another example of a mixture is salt dissolved in water.
Explanation: gravel only refers to the size of a rock
Sand ang gravel is a heterogenous mixture


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- Imperial Horse Graveyard
Near the retired Horse Stables was their graveyard:
The old horses are allowed to walk about in the meadow during summer. On the other side of the stable is a burial ground where a row of marble slabs mark the resting places of the favorite horses. Here lies "Ami" the horse that was with the Emperor Alexander I in Paris; "Flora", the horse that carried the Emperor Nicholas at Varna; and "Cob" the horse, which the late Tsar Alexander III used to ride, when he reviewed his troops.


text:
By Anna Vidot – ABC Rural
Australia's chief vet says the ESCAS system, designed to safeguard the welfare of Australian livestock sent for slaughter overseas, is "performing very well".
Dr Mark Schipp says there have been improvements in welfare and transparency in receiving markets since ESCAS was implemented, and some countries within the South-East Asian region are now voluntarily adopting the system domestically as well.
Dr Schipp acknowledges that there are still tensions within some markets over elements of the ESCAS system and its implementation.
But he says Australia is also being commended overseas for its leading role in improving livestock welfare. READ MORE


text:
- Home »
- How to Print
Better Way Of Printing
Canon PIXMA MX922 Print Setup Support
The Canon PIXMA MX922 printer accepts information such as texts and graphics from other devices such as a computer and mobile phones, and then transfers them into sheets of the required paper is known as printing. Make use of the Canon PIXMA MX922 Print Setup guide to print on various types of media papers and sizes.
How to Print on Canon MX922 from Computer
- Place enough sheets of white paper into the main input tray. Now go to your computer and then open the Print driver Setup dialog box by hitting the Start icon.
- Click the Hardware & Sound option and then select the Printers menu.
- Right-click on the icon of your Canon PIXMA MX922 printer and choose the Printing Preferences option.
- The Printer Driver Setup dialog box will open on the desktop.
- On the Quick Setup tab, choose a profile that matches your print task to start Canon PIXMA MX922 Print Setup.
- The additional features such as media type and paper size are automatically set according to the reset values.
- Click the Print Quality as High, Standard, or Fast depending on your print needs.
- Ensure that the Paper Source option is set to Cassette. Finish the setup by selecting the OK button.
How to Print on lined paper using Canon PIXMA MX922?
- You can do the print task on templates such as lined paper onto the sheets of white or A4 paper.
- Confirm that your Canon PIXMA MX922 printer is not switched On.
- Load B5, A4, or letter-sized white papers on the main input tray or cassette.
- Go to your Canon PIXMA MX22 printer and tap the Menu button.
- The Menu button will appear on the printer's touch panel.
- Choose the Template Print option and then select the OK button.
- Touch the template that has to be printed by making use of the arrow buttons.
- Touch the OK option and modify the settings as required. Obtain the number of copies to be printed by clicking the + or – button.
- Based on the inserted paper, choose the paper size. Ascertain to set the paper type option as Plain Paper.
- Start printing by tapping the Color or Black button.
How to print documents saved on USB using Canon PIXMA MX922 printer?
- Verify that the Canon PIXMA M922 printer is turned On.
- Insert the A4 or letter-sized plain papers into the tray or cassette.
- Now plug the USB Flash Drive into the USB flash drive port.
- Open the Menu dialog box on your printer by tapping the Menu option.
- Choose the Advanced Print option then tap the OK button for Canon PIXMA MX922 Print Setup.
- Click the Print From A USB Flash Drive option.
- Now press the text that has to be printed by selecting the Up or Down arrow key and then touch the OK button.
- Choose the required settings by tapping the arrow keys.
- If you want to alter the settings, utilize the right or left side arrow buttons.
- The Canon PIXMA MX922 initiates the print work after you press the Color or Black button.
Print photos using Canon PIXMA MX922 printer
- Make sure to turn On the Canon PIXMA MX922 printer by tapping the ON button.
- Place 10 * 15 cm or 4 * 6 inches photo paper into the cassette.
- Select the Menu icon on your Canon PIXMA MX922 printer's touch display.
- The Menu pop-up opens on the front panel. Click the Photo option then press OK.
- Touch the Online Album Print option and then click the OK button.
- Choose the photo sharing site that you want to use by tapping the Up or Down arrow buttons.
- Now press OK, and your Canon PIXMA MX922 printer starts accessing the image sharing web page.
- Register your printer with the photo sharing website.
- Choose the online album and then touch the OK button to complete Canon PIXMA MX922 Print Setup process.
- Alter all the settings that are required for your image, and then begin the print operation by selecting the Color button on the Canon PIXMA MX922 printer.
Print from mobile device through Bluetooth using Canon PIXMA MX922
- Ensure that the Canon PIXMA MX922 printer is On.
- Keep papers into the printer's input cassette.
- Plug the optional Bluetooth unit into the USB flash drive port that is present at the rear side of your Canon PIXMA MX922 printer.
- Now navigate to the touch panel of your Canon PIXMA MX922 printer and then tap the Menu icon or button.
- The Menu pop-up window opens on the touch display.
- Choose the Photo button then tap OK.
- Click the Print from Mobile Phone option.
- Select the OK button and the Standby dialog box opens on the front panel.
- Click the name of your Canon printer on your mobile phone, then type the admin passkey if prompted. Begin the Canon PIXMA MX922 Print Setup by tapping the Print button.
How to print on both sides through the Canon PIXMA MX922
- The Canon PIXMA MX922 printer supports the automatic duplexing feature.
- Place the document into the cassette and install the cartridges.
- Go to your computer or laptop and then open the Print Driver Setup window on it.
- Tick the checkbox that is present next to the Automatic Duplexing option on the Page Setup dialog box.
- Choose the Layout option as Normal, Scaled, Page Layout, or Fit-To-Page.
- When you carry out duplex printing, the print region of the document becomes lightly narrower than normal, and it might not fit on a single page.
- Choose the Print Area Setup option, tap any of the process methods, and then touch OK. You can use either Normal or Reduced size printing.
- Select the side that has to be stapled and then choose the width of the margin.
- Click the OK option on the Page Setup window and then press Print.
Printing on Postcards using Canon PIXMA MX922
- Turn On your printer, and load the right type of postcard into the tray.
- Open the driver software window on your system.
- Select the Quick Canon PIXMA MX922 Print Setup dialog box, and choose the Standard option on the Commonly Used Settings tab.
- Choose the type of media and the right size of the loaded postcard paper.
- If you want the print task to be printed horizontally, set the Orientation type to Landscape mode.
- Tap High or Standard as the Print Quality and end the setup by selecting the OK option.
- Once you execute the print task, the data gets printed on the postcard sheet.
How to Setup Envelope Printing on Canon PIXMA MX922 printer
- Place enough envelopes into the cassette of your Canon PIXMA MX922 printer.
- To print an envelope, click Start and select Hardware & Sound.
- Choose the icon of your printer to open the Printer Driver Setup dialog box on your computer.
- Select the Envelope option on the Commonly Used Settings window which is present on the Quick Setup tab.
- Choose the Paper Size option. When the Envelope Size Setting dialog displays on your PC, select your envelope size.
- Set the Orientation as Portrait or Landscape and hit the appropriate type of print quality, and then choose OK and finish Canon PIXMA MX922 Print Setup process.


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Raven is automatically gesturing too often Follow
If your Raven is mounted too close to your steering wheel, too close to the dash, slanted downward or is moving due to a loose mount this could cause frequent unintended gestures (short videos). If alignment is not an issue, the device may be gesturing due to an adhesive layer that needs to be peeled off. Follow the mounting directions below to rectify the issue.
Do not stack anything between the mount, adhesive, and dash:
Do not tilt Raven downward:
Incorrect: Tilted Correct: Level
If adjusting the location and view of Raven does not fix the gesturing issue, there may be a hidden plastic film on Raven's screen. Indications of an additional plastic film include:
- Under bright lighting Raven's screen does not look shiny and black
- Tiny bubble(s) on the bottom left corner of the screen. (See below)
- The screen easily scuffs
To remove the plastic film:
- Using a firm but non-abrasive tool, such as a business card, lift the corner of the film.
- Peel the remainder of the film off with your fingers.
*Proximity sensors on Raven are located in the center just above the displays on the front cover. If there is an object directly in front of the proximity sensor (within 10") then false gestures might be detected.


Gokteik Viaduct
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Gokteik Viaduct
Nawnghkio, Shan, Myanmar
335 feet high / 102 meters high
120 foot span / 37 meter span
Image by Martin Callum.
The largest railway trestle in the world upon its completion in 1901, the Gokteik Viaduct is the highest bridge in Myanmar. Located in the center of the country about 60 miles (100 kms) northeast of the largest city of Mandalay, the rail line was constructed as a way for the British Empire to expand their influence in the region. Constructed when the country was originally called Burma, the bridge was designed and fabricated by the Pennsylvania Steel Company and shipped overseas. Construction was overseen by Sir Arthur Rendel, engineer for the Burma Railroad Company. Stretching 2,260 feet (689 mtrs) from end to end, the viaduct has 14 towers that span 40 feet (12 mtrs) along with a double tower 80 feet (24 mtrs) long. These 15 towers support 10 deck truss spans of 120 feet (37 mtrs) along with six plate girder spans 60 feet (18 mtrs) long and an approach span of 40 feet (12 mtrs). Many sources have put the height of the bridge at 820 feet (250 mtrs). This is supposedly a measurement to the river level as it flows underground through a tunnel at the point it passes underneath the trestle. The true height of the bridge as measured from the rail deck to the ground on the downstream side of the tallest tower is 335 feet (102 mtrs).
Although larger concrete viaducts and steel cantilever bridges were constructed before and after Gokteik, no other conventional box tower and girder type steel trestle has ever exceeded it in size except for the monstrous Lethbridge Viaduct in Alberta, Canada which is about the same in height but more than twice the length. The Joso bridge in the U.S. state of Washington, the Poughkeepsie bridge in the U.S. state of New York and the original Kinzua viaduct in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania are the only other traditional steel trestles that are equal in size to Gokteik.
Gokteik also had the tallest bridge piers in the world at the time of its completion at 97.5 meters. The current record is now held by France's Millau Viaduct. Prior to Millau's record breaking bridge piers of 245 meters, the history of these towering structures has been almost entirely in Europe outside of two U.S. spans. Before Millau the 178 meter piers of Germany's Kochertalbrücke held the record for 25 years. Before Kocher the tallest were the 147 meter pier of Italy's Rago Viaduct. Austria held the record before Rago with the famous 145 meter tall piers of Europabrücke. Before that California's Pit River Bridge had the tallest at 109 meters.
Gokteik bridge can be reached by taking a train from Mandalay or Pyin U Lwin north towards Nawnghkio where the bridge is located about 3 miles (5 kms) further east. A round trip ticket from Mandalay to the bridge costs around $8 for foreigners. Burmese soldiers are stationed on the train as well as on top of and underneath the bridge to prevent any potential attacks.
Image by Marisa Herrera.
Image by Marisa Herrera.
Image by Marisa Herrera.
Image by Florian Grupp.
Image by Marisa Herrera.
A small trestle is located beneath the Gokteik Viaduct and was probably used to bring in materials to build the massive trestle. Image by Florian Grupp.
Gokteik Viaduct postcard.
Gokteik Viaduct satellite image. The bridge can faintly be seen in the very center of the image.
Gokteik Viaduct location map.
Personal tools


text:
Horseshoe Dam is named for the horseshoe-shaped bend in the Verde River at the dam site.
The dam was built between 1944-46 by the Phelps Dodge Corporation as part of a water exchange agreement. Phelps Dodge pumped water from the Black River and provided water to SRP from the Little Colorado River.
Spillway gates, funded by the city of Phoenix, were added in 1949 to establish water rights for city water users. The earthen dam is 144 feet tall and 1,500 feet long, including the spillway. It has no hydroelectric generating capabilities.
Horseshoe Dam forms Horseshoe Reservoir. Below are some reservoir statistics:
- Length: 5 miles
- Shoreline: 27 miles
- Capacity: 109,217 acre-feet
- Surface acreage when full: 2,722 acres
- Maximum depth: 77 feet


Early case assessment (ECA) is obsolete
Early case assessment (ECA) software takes collected data (scanned documents, native documents, emails, forensic images, etc.) and lets you: (1) run searches using keywords, date ranges, etc. on the data; (2) see analytics for the data as a whole and for sets of search results, for example, number of documents, file types, custodians, and common words or phrases; and (3) "cull" the data before fully processing it and loading it into separate review software so that only part of the data collected actually makes it into the review software.
The only reason people think they need separate ECA software is price: it might cost $30 / GB or $40 / GB to process and load data into ECA software, whereas it might cost $200 / GB, $300 / GB, $400 / GB, or more to load the same data into review software. By loading the data into ECA software first…
View original post 528 more words


Octopus Deploy Documentation
Coordinating multiple projects
Last updated
When working with multiple related projects, it is often necessary to co-ordinate between them and take some action that depends on their combined status. For example, ensure a related project is deployed first or send an email when all projects are deployed. This section discusses some approaches to this problem and provides some examples showing how to query and control projects programatically.
For in depth code samples covering many of the processes discussed in this section, see the Project Coordination Code Samples page
Responding to events across multiple projects
There are various ways to respond to events within Octopus, which is useful for:
 - Sending an email after a set of projects is deployed.
 - Generating a report of the day's deployments.
 - Promoting all projects from one environment to another at a certain time.
 - Triggering another process, for example, another deployment.
 - Verifying that some conditions have been met.
The simplest trigger is a periodic timer setup through a Windows schedules task, Azure Function, or as a windows service. Alternatively, it can also be a project within Octopus as a project that re-queues itself when run (see the samples).
Subscriptions can call a web service or send an email when Octopus events occur.
The event can also be a script step in a project. If the script is defined as a step template it can be shared among the related projects. However, it is difficult to ensure that two copies of the script do not run at the same time.
Orchestrating the deployment of multiple projects
Below are two different approaches to orchestrating multiple projects. Depending on the projects and requirements, one or a combination of these two approaches may be used. This orchestration is useful for when:
 - A set of projects should always be deployed together or in a specific order.
 - A project depends on a certain version of another project.
 - A project should not be deployed while another project is being deployed.
 - A certain step should not execute at the same time as a step in another project.
Parent project
This approach consists of creating a project that co-ordinates the deployment of other projects and any other related actions. For example it could define steps that:
 1. Deploy and wait for projects A and B.
 2. Send an email informing users Project A and B have been deployed.
 3. Deploy project C.
 4. If the deployment of project C fails, redeploy an older version of A and B.
Cooperating projects
This approach consists of each project taking on the role of checking that the other projects are in the right state so that it can deploy itself. It is usually implemented as one or more script steps. For example the project could:
 - Trigger a deployment of Project A if it has not been deployed to the environment.
 - If Project B is running, wait for it to reach step 3.
Deploy release step
The Deploy Release step is helpful when implementing the Parent Project or Cooperating Projects approaches described above. It makes it simple to deploy a release of a project from another project.
Deploy Release Step Example Process
In this section
The following topics are explained further in this section:
Need support? We're here to help.


Counsellor - Psychologist (children & parents)
- French and English -
Christelle is a French psychologist who specialises in supporting families in their parenting. She has a special interest in young children and giftedness.
Her approach is play-based and she will always work with the parents along with the child. She is trained in "Hand In Hand Parenting" approach and believes helping parents strengthening their bond with their child is a key factor to solve childhood issues such as emotions' regulation, anxieties, sleep issues, bed-wetting...
Her work relies on both the latest knowledge in neuropsychology and early childhood development as well as positive discipline approaches such as Isabelle Filiozzat's and Catherine Gueguen's.
Having worked in London and Singapore, Christelle does consultations in French and English.
She also offers Montessori Parental workshops for parents and helpers where we explain the child's major developmental steps and share ideas of suitable Montessori activities.
Contact: _URL_


text: New York — A young woman was struck and killed in a New York City subway accident. Officials say the woman fell on to the subway tracks after she passed out. Some believed that the woman fainted due to the extreme heat. Transportation safety investigators reportedly took samples of blood from the train conductor to routinely look for alcohol or drugs that could have contributed to the train accident. An accident lawyer in New York explained that the woman's death may have been prevented if proper safety precautions were in place. A wrongful death lawsuit may be filed if proper safety devices and precautions were not in place. For example, some public advocates have suggested that train platforms should have safety rails installed to prevent passengers from falling on to the tracks below. This would also prevent passengers from being hit and injured by objects protruding from the subway as it speeds passed. Investigators will have to further assess the specific circumstances that led to this woman's death before determining if anything could have been done to prevent it. Some passengers and regular commuters complain that subway stations and platforms are extremely hot and not well ventilated. They say that better fans and even air conditioners should be installed to prevent the passengers from overheating and fainting, especially during the sweltering summer months. You can read more about this tragic subway accident here.


text:
Throughout history, there have been numerous hotly-debated topics. That's even more so the case today—we'll debate about almost anything. But I don't think there's a segment of the population that debates issues so intensely as the web design and development community. Don't get me wrong, we certainly have some great debates about important topics, but whoa do we argue over some ridiculous stuff too. Look no further than the debate over, of all things, the pronunciation of an image format: GIF. Some people even go so far as to make a dedicated website of such things. Crazy, right? So anyway, I made this website on how to really pronounce GIF.
Why is it the correct pronunciation?
It's the most natural, logical way to pronounce it. That's why when everyone comes across the word for the first time, they use a hard G.
How is it the logical pronunciation?
Every word that starts with G, then a vowel, then an F, is pronounced with a hard G. For example:
Gaffe. Gift. Guff. Guffaw.
Most one-syllable words that start with G have a hard G (not an exhaustive list):
Gab. Gad. Gag. Gal. Gam. Gap. Gas. Gay. Get. Gig. Gill. Gimp. Gird. Girl. Git! Give. Go. Goal. Gob. God. Gone. Gore. Got. Guide. Guild. Guilt. Gull. Gulp. Gum. Gun. Gust. Gut. Guy.
The word "gift" is the closest word to GIF, and it has a hard G. To pronounce GIF, just say "gift" without the "t".
What about Gin, Gem, Gym, Geo, and Gel?
Gin is not a good counterexample because it's a drink derived from juniper berries, so its name is from the Dutch jenever for "juniper". Gem comes from the Latin gemma for "jewel". As for the other words, they are abbreviations of larger words, so they inherited their pronunciations.
Does the G in "GIF" stand for a word that has a soft G?
No, GIF is an acronym for Graphics Interchange Format. The word "graphics" does have a hard G, but that doesn't necessarily influence the pronunciation. That's why JPEG, an acronym for Joint Photographic Experts Group, is not pronounced jay-feg, but rather jay-peg. Pronunciation of acronyms tends to follow pronunciation rules like any regular word. So the point here is, because the word behind the G in GIF is "graphics", it eliminates any possible argument that could be made if the word happened to have a soft G.
Why does anyone pronounce GIF with a soft G then?
The creator of the GIF image format, Steve Wilhite of CompuServe, when deciding on the pronunciation, said he deliberately chose to echo the American peanut butter brand, Jif, and CompuServe employees would often say "Choosy developers choose GIF(jif)", playing off of Jif's television commercials. If you hear anyone pronounce GIF with a soft G, it's because they know something of this history. If the Jif peanut butter company never existed, he would have never pronounced GIF with a soft G.
Speaking of Steve Wilhite, when he explains the pronunciation of GIF, he himself has to explicitly write, "It's pronounced 'JIF'." He has to explain it this way because it goes against how it would naturally be pronounced.
Are there any valid arguments for pronouncing it "JIF"?
No. There are some websites out there (like this one) that try to convince people to use a soft G, but they rely solely on the way Steve Wilhite says it is. Mr. Wilhite was given a lifetime achievement award at the 2013 Webbys (Congratulations!). He used the occasion to mention again, "It's pronounced 'JIF'." In an article in the New York Times Blog, Bits, he says:
"The Oxford English Dictionary accepts both pronunciations. They are wrong. It is a soft 'G', pronounced 'jif'. End of story."
Not so fast. John Simpson, Chief Editor of the Oxford English Dictionary, disagrees with Mr. Wilhite:
"However, the pronunciation with a hard g is now very widespread and readily understood. A coiner effectively loses control of a word once it's out there…"
I'm sure you would agree, it's far more likely that these masters of the English language understand better than anyone how to pronounce a word.
Wilhite also mentioned that he is annoyed there is still debate over the pronunciation. To be frank, isn't it his own fault for choosing a pronunciation that simply doesn't make sense?
So what now?
Now you can go forth and freely pronounce GIF with a hard G as you naturally would, because you have every right to do so. If you feel compelled to honor the pronunciation given by the GIF's creator out of some sense of obligation, that's perfectly fine too. Just don't give those of us who pronounce it correctly a hard time. :-)


Posts Tagged 'cruel and unusual punishment'
Criminal Blog Week Day 1–Sharia Criminal Law
Monday, April 11th, 2011
Being criminal defense attorneys in Bartow, we often represent clients who are originally from other countries or cultures. These clients not only have questions about their case, but also about our system of criminal justice. For example, when someone comes from a country where marijuana is legal, they do not understand why they are subjected to criminal punishment here for possession of the same drug.
Our firm recently gave a lecture on Sharia law and its impact on American jurisprudence. As part of that presentation, we talked about how Sharia criminal law is different from American criminal law. Perhaps these two systems are most different in their criminal punishment methods. Regarding criminal punishment, Sharia is noted for its draconian executions, including its use of stoning, lashing and flogging. Sharia scholars are quick to point out that these are not the only forms of punishment used by their courts, but are the ones most debated in the West as their methods are most contrary to our Eighth Amendment ban on cruel and unusual punishment.
Besides our methods of punishment, there are many differences between Sharia criminal court and American criminal court. Here are just a few such differences:
In Sharia court, trials are conducted by the judge; there is no jury system. There is no pre-trial discovery process, and no cross-examination of witnesses. Rules of evidence are also vastly different, with Sharia giving priority to oral testimony over written documents/evidence. On most charges, testimony must be established by two witnesses, preferably male witnesses. (One exception is rape, which must be established by four eyewitnesses.) A woman's testimony is worth only 1/4-1/2 to that of a male.
Forensic evidence is rejected in many cases in Sharia courts, including fingerprints, ballistics, DNA and blood samples.
These rules can make it extremely difficult for women victims in all cases, but especially rape charges.
At the cost of sacrificing due process, Sharia courts significantly increase speed and efficiency of dockets. But this is a price American criminal courts are unwilling to pay.


text:
At each location, placement of the cube (an actual cubic foot frame made of quarter-inch stainless steel rod) was critical—once it was in place it was not to be moved. Scientists specializing in each location assisted the photographer and his assistant in finding the best spot and identifying the creatures.
- Common Name: Eastern Gray Squirrel
- Scientific Name: Sciurus carolinensis
- Size: 7.09" (18 cm) body length.
- Location: Observed in the Central Park Cube


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I want to create tree with predefined depths with D3.
Is there a way to set depth before tree is generated?
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
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It depends on your definition of "tree". D3 has several hierarchy layouts, of which d3.layout.tree is one. The tree layout refers to Reingold–Tilford's tidy tree layout algorithm. This particular algorithm is not conducive to customizing the depth of nodes because it assumes that all siblings are the same depth (so that it can place the nodes tidily).
The d3.layout.cluster, in contrast, can be easily modified to render nodes at custom depths. Simply ignore the generated d.y coordinate and substitute your own depth value (probably in conjunction with a linear scale to map from data to pixels). For an example of this technique, see Ken-ichi Ueda's right-angle phylograms.
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Copyright 2021 I. Skouzos & Partners.
All Rights Reserved.
Gross negligence under Greek law
Iason Skouzos & Partners > Practice Areas > Civil Law > Gross negligence under Greek law
Gross negligence under Greek law
Gross negligence in Greek law is not explicitly defined in the Civil Code. It is derived from the combined application of articles 330, 332 and 334 of the Civil code. In the lack of an express definition and specific criteria for it, gross negligence is deemed to exist when the deviation from the behavior of an ordinary person is important, unusual and especially great, indicating a total disregard of the acting person for the illegal consequences incurred by his act to a third party by. Gross negligence is an abstract legal notion, and hence a court's ruling as to whether the facts of a case constitute gross negligence is subject to the annulment of the Areios Pagos (Supreme Court).
Gross negligence does not comprise cases of willful misconduct. The latter is equal to deceit (either direct, indirect or necessary deceit). In cases of gross or simple negligence, the person at fault either does not foresee the upcoming result of his actions or he foresees it but acts in the hope that he will avoid it.


text:
Although some research shows that positive outcomes occur when workers understand how their pay is determined, little is known about the dynamics of how pay communication affects pay satisfaction. This research proposes that the relationships between pay communication and pay satisfaction exist because justice perceptions mediate them. Pay communication is of particular interest to managers of public sector organizations, where many aspects of the pay system are in the public domain, and without adequate communication, may be easily misunderstood by workers. The purpose of this paper is to discuss these issues.
The study consists of a sample of 384 employees of a Midwestern public university in the USA who completed two questionnaires. Structural equation modeling is used.
Pay communication has both direct and mediated relationships with pay satisfaction (satisfaction with pay level, benefits, pay raise, and pay administration). Distributive justice accounts for more variance in all pay satisfaction dimensions than procedural justice. Interpersonal and information justice are essentially unrelated to pay satisfaction.
The sample over‐represents women, non‐minorities, and workers with long‐service records. Results may not be generalizeable to other organizational contexts, particularly to private sector organizations.
Perceived pay communication predicts not only pay satisfaction, but also perceptions of organizational justice. In turn, justice's mediation is critical to enhancing satisfaction with pay. Organizations should carefully design and implement pay communication programs.
First, the relationships between perceived pay communication and pay satisfaction are shown to be, in part, based on justice perceptions. Second, issues of pay communication have rarely been studied in US public sector organizations, which require open pay systems. Third, this paper presents improvements in measures and other methods over past research in pay communication.
CitationDownload as.RIS
Emerald Group Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2011, Emerald Group Publishing Limited


console.log(NC.mag());
// {x,y,z}
LiPo
NC.getBatteryState()
// { charging:bool, standby:bool}
Extending the badge
You can add your own 'Apps' or LED patterns that will display in the Badge's memory just by adding them to the Badge.patterns or Badge.apps arrays.
Normally when you upload code from the right-hand side of the IDE it will reset the badge (this won't remove saved code, but will stop the badge code from running). To avoid this, either copy/paste your code from the right-hand side of the IDE to the left, or disable the Reset before send option in the Communications part of the Web IDE's settings.
Patterns
Just do something like:
// LED patterns - each is [callback, period_in_ms]
Badge.patterns.blue=()=>{ var n=0;return [()=>{
 var c = [127,0,0];
 NC.ledTop(c);
 NC.ledBottom(c);
 NC.backlight(c.concat(c,c,c));
},0];};
And you can test by running Badge.pattern("mine").
The above example will only be called once because it returns 0 for period_in_ms, but you can easily supply a different value to be called more often:
Badge.patterns.green=()=>{ var n=0;return [()=>{
 n+=50;
 if (n>1536)n=0;
 NC.ledTop([0,Math.max(255-Math.abs(n-1024),0),0]);
 NC.ledBottom([0,Math.max(255-Math.abs(n-1384),0),0]);
 NC.backlight([0,Math.max(255-Math.abs(n-640),0),0,
 0,Math.max(255-Math.abs(n-512),0),0,
 0,Math.max(255-Math.abs(n-384),0),0,
 0,Math.max(255-Math.abs(n-256),0),0]);
},50];};
50ms is usually a good balance of battery life and smoothness.
Apps
Just write your app to the Badge.apps array:
Badge.apps["My App"] = ()=>{
 // Reset everything on the badge to a known state
 Badge.reset();
 // Display a menu
 Pixl.menu({ "": { "title": "-- A Test --" },
 "LED1 on" : ()=>LED1.write(1),
 "LED1 off" : ()=>LED1.write(0),
 "Back to Badge":Badge.badge
 });
};
And you can test by running Badge.apps["My App"]()
To return to normal badge functionality just call Badge.badge() or Badge.menu() to return to the menu.
Saving...
When you upload code as described above, your function will be loaded into RAM and will be lost when the badge is reset.
To make it persist, you can write it into a file in the badge's storage called .boot0,.boot1,.boot2 or .boot3 - each one is executed in turn on boot so you can have more than one extension at once.
require("Storage").write(".boot0",'
Badge=global.Badge||{};
Badge.apps=Badge.apps||{};
Badge.apps["My App"] = ()=>{
 // Reset everything on the badge to a known state
 Badge.reset();
 // Display a menu
 Pixl.menu({ "": { "title": "-- A Test --" },
 "LED1 on" : ()=>LED1.write(1),
 "LED1 off" : ()=>LED1.write(0),
 "Back to Badge":Badge.badge
 });
};
');
You can also do things like overwrite the built-in name, without having to overwrite the basic badge firmware.
require("Storage").write(".boot1",'
Badge=global.Badge||{};
Badge.NAME=["Hello","World"];
');
Common Pitfalls
 - If you get Badge not found errors while trying to upload an app from the right hand side, it'll be because you're uploading with the Reset before send option turned on in the IDE settings (it should be turned off)
 - reset() (or 'reset before send) removes all JS code from the badge's RAM (including the Badge object) - it can be handy if you want to have full control of everything on the badge. To get back, see the next point...
 - If you want to get your badge firmware back out of flash memory without power cycling your badge, just type load() in the left-hand side of the IDE
 - Calling Badge.menu() will bring the Badge's menu back up - Badge.badge() goes back to displaying the badge. If you want a button in the app to bring you back to the menu, you can just call: setWatch(Badge.menu, BTN1);
 - Badge.reset() attempts to reset the badge's state (removing watches and intervals) - it's an idea to stick this as the first line in your app to make sure you start from a known state each time.
Soldering Stuff
There are some special GPIO connectors on the badge. These can be accessed with commands like digitalWrite(D10,1) or analogRead(A0).
 - J2 (Top Left) contains (left to right) GND,D10,D11,D12,D13 and 3.3v
 - J1 (Top Right) contains (left to right) GND,A0,A1,A2,A3 and 3.3v
 - J3 (Bottom center) contains the pinout for an ESP8266 ESP01 module. This can also be used for wired serial comms with the badge:
GND NC NC D1(Badge TX)
D0(Badge RX) D9 NC 3.3v
ESP8266 Wiring
Due to a slight mirroring accident, a normal ESP8266 module has to be attached to the FRONT of the badge, slightly covering the display:
 ...... ......
 ___________________________
BTN1 | | BTN2
 | |
 | ____ |
 | | | |
BTN4 |___________| |__________| BTN3
 |::::|
 ----
However by removing the ESP01's pins and soldering them on the other side of the module, you can fit the ESP01 to the rear of the badge very tidily.
Once soldered you can access the internet as follows:
var WIFI_NAME = "...";
var WIFI_PASS = "...";
D9.set(); // power on
Serial1.setup(115200,{rx:D0,tx:D1});
var wifi = require("ESP8266WiFi_0v25").connect(Serial1, function(err) {
 if (err) throw err;
 console.log("Connecting to WiFi");
 wifi.connect(WIFI_NAME, WIFI_PASS, function(err) {
 if (err) throw err;
 console.log("Connected");
 // Now you can do something, like an HTTP request
 require("http").get("_URL_ function(res) {
 console.log("Response: ",res);
 res.on('data', function(d) {
 console.log("--->"+d);
 });
 });
 });
});
Check out [_URL_ page on Internet stuff) for more info.
Updating Espruino
The badges came with Espruino v2.00, but there have been a few changes to Espruino since then that have fixed:
 - The badge pausing issue (caused by high Bluetooth LE traffic when scanning)
 - Filesystem issues when repeatedly calling require("Storage").write
 - Other issues
To update Espruino, just follow the Pixl.js instructions here with the 'Cutting edge' build linked from the firmware download page.
This'll take a few minutes, and you then need to follow the steps for Returning your badge to normal - so if you're fine with everything as it is


text:
|Disaster and Development - 2nd edition (Department of Humanitarian Affairs/United Nations Disaster Relief Office - Disaster Management Training Programme - United Nations Development Programme, 1994, 60 p.)|
|PART 3. Assessing the trade-offs in investing in vulnerability reduction|
Two definitions need to be made at this point:
Opportunity cost: the opportunity cost of a resource is the cost of its next best alternative. A person engaged in mopping up a flood would usually be employed in some other job. The opportunity cost of mopping up is the foregone value of the work he or she would otherwise have done. Or seen another way, the funds expected to pay for clean-up should not be spent on something else.
Present value: All things being equal, money available for productive investment now is worth more than money available for productive investment sometime in the future.
An overriding choice facing a government is whether to spend now on preparedness or mitigation or, possibly, spend later on disaster recovery. Usually governments choose a mix of preparedness/mitigation and recovery programs.
The key questions in this choice are:
What are the opportunity costs of investing in preparedness and/or mitigation?
Is the present value of the future loss higher or lower than the cost of investing in preparedness and/or mitigation?
One basic principle affecting the choice is that spending on preparedness and mitigation should be less than the present value of the expected losses which would be averted by the preparedness/mitigation measure.