text:
50% of environmentalists abandoned Twitter after Musk's takeover
Users were considered "active" if they posted on the platform at least once within a 15-day period
NEW DELHI: Nearly 50 per cent of environmentalists have left Twitter (now X.com) after its takeover by tech billionaire Elon Musk, a new research has revealed.
In October 2022, Musk purchased Twitter for $44 billion, which had previously served as the leading social media platform for environmental discourse.
A team of researchers wrote in the journal Trends in Ecology and Evolution that there has been a mass exodus of environmental users on the platform -- a phenomenon that could have serious implications for public communication surrounding topics like biodiversity, climate change, and natural disaster recovery.
"Twitter has been the dominant social media platform for diverse environmental interests to communicate and organise around advocacy goals, exchange ideas and research, and new opportunities for collaboration," wrote the US-based research team of biologists and environmental consultants.
The team studied a group of 380,000 "environmentally-oriented users," which included a wide range of people from the conservation community who had actively participated in pro-environmental discussions surrounding topics like climate change and biodiversity on Twitter.
Users were considered "active" if they posted on the platform at least once within a 15-day period.
The researchers found that in the 6-month period after Musk took over Twitter, only 52.5 per cent of these environmental users were still actively using Twitter -- a substantially larger drop-off rate than other "comparable online communities," including users who discuss general politics on the platform.
"There is currently no platform equivalent to Twitter. Thus, any changes in engagement by environmentally-minded users raises serious questions about where to track discourse about environmental conservation and how to
mobilise pro-environmental segments of the public," the study authors wrote.
The future of Twitter as a platform for outreach and research is uncertain.
"We need to create collaborations across industry, the non-profit sector, and academia to track public engagement with the environment across social media platforms for the benefit of primary research, applied environmental
conservation, and climate mitigation," said the authors.


text:
The definition of a tune is a song, a melody, having correct musical pitch or being in the correct key.(noun)
Tune is defined as to adjust or adapt a condition, situation, instrument or voice.(verb)
See tune in Webster's New World College Dictionary
Origin: ME, var. of tone, tone
See tune in American Heritage Dictionary 4
Origin: Middle English
Origin:, variant of tone, tone; see tone.
Learn more about tune

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
PSpice Optimizer is an optimization program used to improve performance of circuits including analog, mixed analog, and digital circuits. Optimization is defined as the process by which different design parameters are fine-tuned in order to see the expected or ideal performance. This program is able to run optimizations, explore performance tradeoffs and fit model parameters. A working design which does not have multiple states or cases is a prerequisite for this program. This is not intended for initial creation of working design.
PSpice Optimizer automatically simulates and calculates for the best option in an electronic working design. For instance, a user would like to check the best way by which he can drive a current of 1 milliampere through a diode using a 15 voltage source and resistor in a series circuit. The user can opt to do the calculations manually but this would be highly inefficient given the many options he could do to tweak and fine-tune the design. If the recommendation, which came up does not satisfy the user's needs, then he can still change the variable and parameters then recalculate. PSpice is able to perform optimizations for both constrained and constrained problems with either a single or multiple objective functions.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
A new trail is launching in Alexandria next month that highlights Black history across southern Old Town.
The new South Trail Route is an extension of the African American Waterfront Heritage Trails' North Trail Route that launched in 2021. Together, both trails run from Montgomery Street to the southern tip of Jones Point Park.
The South Trail Route weaves along the waterfront and tells a range of stories from Black history in Alexandria, from a neighborhood named "Hayti" in honor of the island's revolution to historic churches around town.
There are 19 stops along the South Trail route. There are 11 stops on the North Trail route.
The Office of Historic Alexandria and the African American Heritage Trail Committee are hosting an open house in the Lyceum (201 S. Washington Street) early next month. The event will bring pieces of the stops across the trail to the Lyceum.
The open house is scheduled for 10 a.m.-noon on Saturday, Feb. 4. The event is free, but registration is requested
"Each stop highlights the importance of Black history in Alexandria, what archaeological and historical research and reveal about the past, and the impacts of community history initiatives like this one," the event's website said. "Prominent and lesser known stories of African American people, places, and neighborhoods from the time of Alexandria's founding through the 20th century will be featured."
Trail information is available online or through the StoryMap app.
It's a day of happiness in Alexandria, as more than 900 Alexandria City High School seniors graduated this morning at George Mason University's EagleBank Arena. Perhaps student speaker Lenhle Vilakati…
In some ways, it wasn't a great week for shops around Alexandria. Three Alexandria stores had drivers crash into them this week. At the Bradlee Shopping Center, a driver was…
Westbound drivers may want to avoid Duke Street near Landmark next week as construction will shut down part of the road. The closures will affect the westbound lanes on Duke…
Parents and teachers at a School Board meeting last night said the rollout of a new plan to split specialist teachers across schools has been an unmitigated disaster. The change…
Are you seeking a confidential space where you can explore your emotions, overcome challenges, and find inner peace? Look no further than our dedicated psychotherapy service! We understand that life can be overwhelming at times, and we're here to support you every step of the way.
At Peaceful Mind Solutions, our passion lies in helping individuals like you navigate life's complexities and find the strength to thrive. Our skilled and compassionate therapist is committed to creating a warm, non-judgmental environment where you can express your thoughts and feelings openly. With our personalized approach, we tailor each session to address your unique needs and empower you to overcome obstacles.
Through evidence-based techniques and a deep understanding of the human mind, our therapist will guide you on a transformative journey of self-discovery. Whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or simply seeking personal growth, we're here to provide guidance and practical tools for lasting change.
Time flies when you're having fun! The T.C. Williams High School Class of 1973 will hold its 50th reunion July 21-23, 2023 in Alexandria. All graduates and their adult nears and dears are welcome. Events include a Friday evening icebreaker, Saturday dinner dance, and a Sunday brunch. For more information: tcwilliams73.com, _PHONE_.
Spring Fling at Rising Sol Yoga School
Join us for a day of FREE hot yoga. Experience our class styles and meet our teachers. Buy a bite at the Bake Sale to benefit The Carpenter's Shelter, peruse some special vendors, take advantage of in-person only discounts on

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Terms And Conditions
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Terms And Conditions
The following terms and conditions will apply to any Applicant (defined below) making an Application for a Grant (all terms defined below)
1. Definitions
1.1 Definitions
In these terms and conditions unless the context otherwise requires, the following words and expressions shall have the following meanings:-
Applicant" means the applicant business applying to the Council for a Grant in terms of these terms and conditions;
Application" means any document or information sent to the Council by an Applicant in support of their request for a Grant;
Council" means South Ayrshire Council;
Grant" means the amount of business grant set out in the Grant Notification Letter;
Grant Expiry Date" means the date by which the Applicant must satisfy all conditions of Grant as set out in these terms and conditions and the Grant Notification Letter;
Grant Notification Letter" means the Council's letter confirming the Grant award to you.
1.2 Interpretation
1.2.1 A reference to any enactment, order, regulation, Statutory Instrument, or the like shall include references to any amendment, replacement, consolidation or re-enactment of the same.
1.2.2 Words importing the masculine gender include the feminine gender, words in the singular include the plural and words importing individuals shall be treated as including bodies corporate, unincorporated associations and partnerships and, in each case, vice versa.
1.2.3 Clause headings do not form part of the Contract and shall not be taken into account in its construction or interpretation.
2. Eligibility for Grant
2.1 Applicants shall provide details and evidence of the following in order to be eligible for the Grant:-
2.1.1 The identification and residence of all owners, partners or directors of the Applicant business;
2.1.2 A legitimate business bank account in the name of the Applicant business;
2.1.3 The trading and registered address of the Applicant business, which shall be within the Council region;
2.1.4 The business plan and financial projections for the first two years of trade for the Applicant business, which shall be assessed and must be deemed viable by an authorised officer of the Council acting reasonably.
2.2 The Council shall be entitled to withhold the advance of the whole or any part of the Grant in the event of the Applicant owing any sum or otherwise being in debt to the Council.
2.3 Businesses involved (whether directly or indirectly) or associated with any of the following commercial models and purposes will not be eligible for the Grant:-
2.3.1 Pornography or other ventures of an overt sexual nature;
2.3.2 Multi level marketing and pyramid selling;
2.3.3 Gambling;
2.3.4 Politics;
2.3.5 Religion;
2.4 Without prejudice to clause 2.3, the Council reserves the right to refuse Applicant businesses which the Council deem, in its sole discretion, may bring South Ayrshire Council into disrepute.
3. Grant
3.1 The Grant shall be awarded only once to an Applicant in the 24 month period commencing with the date of the Grant Notification Letter.
3.3 Subject to the provisions of clause 4, the Grant will be advanced in such instalments as the Council (acting reasonably) shall consider appropriate.
3.4 Grants are discretionary and the Council reserves the right to refuse any Application at its sole discretion. Further, the Council reserves the right to vary the amount of Grant awarded at its sole discretion.
4. Purpose for which the Grant is to be applied
4.1 The Grant awarded to an Applicant shall be conditional on the following requirements being satisfied:-
4.1.1 The Grant shall be applied by the Applicant solely towards genuine business costs associated with the establishment and trading of the Applicant business, and for no other purpose whatsoever (for the avoidance of doubt, director / owner remuneration is not an eligible business cost for the purposes of this clause 4.1.1);
4.1.2 No later than the Grant Expiry Date, the Applicant shall exhibit to the Council evidence of the business employing at least one additional full-time member of staff (which shall be on terms no less than 16 hours per week for a minimum of period of 6 months), as compared with the number of staff at the time of the Application.
4.2 The Council shall be entitled, at its sole discretion, to waive any of the conditions referred to in clause 4.1.
4.3 The payment by the Council of any part of the Grant shall not of itself imply an acknowledgement that any of the conditions referred to in clause 4.1 have been either satisfied or waived.
5. Monitoring
5.1 Applicants shall provide to the Council upon written request any progress reports and financial or other information and records reasonably needed from time to time in relation to the Grant or the purposes set out in clause 4 hereof.
5.2 Applicants shall comply with the Council's systems for monitoring, evaluating and auditing the operation of the Grant upon being given reasonable notice by the Council. The Council will advise the Applicant about the systems for monitoring, evaluating and auditing in use. The Council (and anyone authorised by the Council) reserves the right to visit the Applicant at any reasonable time without giving notice and without prejudice to the Applicant's right to privacy.
6. Repayment of Grant
6.1 The Applicant shall repay the Grant in full on demand if any of the following events occur:-
6.1.1 The Applicant is found to have made any misrepresentation in connection with the Application;
6.1.2 The Applicant has failed to satisfy any of the conditions provided under clause 4.1 prior to the Grant Expiry Date;
6.1.3 The Council considers that no reasonable effort on the part of the Applicant has been made to trade.
7. Interest
7.1 Interest will accrue and shall be payable by the Applicant to the Council on all sums due to the Council in terms of these terms and conditions at the rate of four per centum per annum above the base rate or rates for the time being of the Royal Bank of Scotland from the date the same falls due until paid.
8. Publicity
8.1 The Council may make the purpose and amount of the Grant public in whatever way they consider appropriate.
9. Governing Law and Jurisdiction
9.1 The construction, validity and performance of these terms and conditions shall be governed by Scots law and the Council and the Applicant irrevocably submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Scottish courts.


Teléfilo Dictionary: Mary Sue
When the star of a series, especially one of adventure and mystery is built, there is always the temptation to do too perfect. It is the most handsome of all, the smartest, the nicest and most empathy with others, the more proficient with technology, the best pilots a ship and shoot a weapon, the more fun … Such characters have a quite specific name. Mary Sue
It is true that, if they refer to a male character, called Marty Stu (or Gary Stu), but the Mary Sue term is more entrenched, especially because female characters encompasses that are built a way to escape the traditional clichés in which usually fall, as being only the bride, or the best friend, and end up falling in other different.
The origin of the Mary Sue
Where does use this name when defining what we could say that is a pluperfect a bluestocking? Apparently, its first use was in 1973, in a parody account of ' Star Trek ' called "A Trekkie's tale 'and written by Paula Smith. In it, the main purpose of satire were the fanfics of the series and, especially, the introduction of characters too perfect and did everything right.
The heroine of" A Trekkie's Tale 'is Mary Sue, who describes himself as the youngest Starfleet lieutenant, fifteen and a half years but Captain Kirk falls in love immediately and saves the crew of the Enterprise with many skills. It's so pluperfect and so beautiful that obviously has to be parodic, but is an archetype that may be difficult to resist.
The example often given of character that's folded to the terms of a Mary Sue It is actually a Marty Stu and Wesley Crusher, the wunderkind ' Star Trek. The new generation '. He was intelligent, always had a solution for everything, the writers gave great importance … Although viewers did not fall too well. Wesley was the closest thing to the child repellent Vicente of popular expression.
A character too perfect
How can recognize a Mary Sue? Generally, because they a set of skills that can border on the unbelievable, everyone constantly talks about how brilliant and great it is, and they claim in this post Cinelin about why Felicity Smoak is the largest of all Mary Sue.
"The goal of a Mary Sue is not in the making, but in how others react to her / him a Mary Sue exists to be praised; an object that idolize her. / He inspires others with her infectious goodness and makes the hero fight harder, even if Mary Sue actually never does anything remarkable. "
As you can see, the term is used in a derogatory manner and to criticize the series in particular. If, for example, you start to accuse Daisy / Skye to be a Mary Sue, it's because you're emphasizing defect ' Agents of SHIELD ', a character in which the writers are too reflected and pamper to the point of making it unlikely.
How is the Mary Sue has evolved considerably since the 70, and their perception is one of the more subjective all the usual tropes of fiction. Was Karen in 'Smash' a Mary Sue? Can you apply that term to players as Supergirl? And they can fall into that trap the strong female characters Buffy or Sydney Bristow type, and are almost becoming their own archetypes?
Mary Sue (or Marty / Gary Stu) can be a symptom of personal weakness of the writers, of a lazy characterization of a character or it may be simply conditioned by the preconceptions of viewers to certain characters. Their identification is not as clear or follow a predetermined pattern. Mary Sues can be some interesting characters, and even "redemption".
Tele Go! | teléfilo Dictionary
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News teléfilo Dictionary: Mary Sue was originally published at Go Tele by Such Marina.
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Teléfilo Dictionary: Mary Sue
Source: english
December 21, 2015
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text:
During the IX Day on School Mediation the first two intellectual outputs of MEDES were officially presented:
Output 1) Toolkit MULTI-MEDES: multimedia learning material in 3 languages (Italian, Spanish and English) for mediation in schools, consisting in:
- Informative material for training on school mediation and restorative justice
- Videos with examples of mediation activities in school
- Interactive web targeting future young mediators, to approach the mediation contents autonomously in a ludic way.


text:
Brazilian name: arapaçu-de-bico-torto
|São Paulo state, Brazil
The Black-billed Scythebill is distributed in south-east Brazil and into adjacent areas of Paraguay and Argentina. It is found in Atlantic Rain Forest and secondary woodland, often associated with stands of bamboo.
It has a very long, decurved black bill the colour of which distinguishes it from the other two scythebills found in Brazil; Red-billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus trochilirostris and Curve-billed Scythebill C. procurvoides. Otherwise it is olive-brown above with a black head and nape with white streaks. The wings and tail are chestnut-rufous and the throat is whitish.
|It forages on trunks, as seen in these photos, and on
bamboo and bromeliads where its bill must help it catch its insect
There are recordings and a distribution map on xeno-canto.


text:
PENINGKATAN MINAT BACA DAN LITERASI INFORMASI MASYARAKAT MELALUI PROGRAM UNGGULAN PERPUSTAKAAN UMUM DI BALI
This research is a part of a research entitled "The Role of Public Libraries for the Society (Case Study of Public Libraries in Bali). This study examines the efforts of public libraries in Bali in improving literacy and literacy skills of public information through various programs developed by each district public library. The research method used in this research is qualitative research, where data is collected through interviews with librarians and staff in public libraries. the results of the research indicate that each district / municipal public library has excellent programs to increase reading interest of the community as well as improving the information literacy skills of the community. Some of the leading programs developed include: mobile services, story telling, inter-library loan, ancient manuscripts, and special services. Implementation of the leading program by the public library aims to make the library as a public space where people can meet each other and share knowledge.


text:
Changes in rates of suicide by car exhaust asphyxiation in England and Wales
Background. Self-asphyxiation using car exhaust gas is a common method of suicide in England and Wales, particularly in young males. The introduction of catalytic converters has reduced the toxicity of car exhausts. The main aims of the study were: to seek evidence of a fall in car exhaust suicides in the general population and in age and gender groups; to relate any fall to changes in car exhaust systems, particularly since legislation on car exhaust emissions in 1993; and to examine rates of suicide by other methods for evidence of method substitution.
Methods. Population study in England and Wales using national suicide statistics for 1987 to 1998.
Results. There was a fall in suicide by car exhaust asphyxiation in all age and gender groups. This change was most marked after 1993. The overall population suicide rate (all methods) also fell but there was no overall change in suicides by young males or females. In these groups suicide by hanging increased.
Conclusions. Legislation on catalytic converters appears to have contributed to a fall in car exhaust suicides. However, the effect on overall suicide rates in young people has been reduced by method substitution.
c1 Address for correspondence: Professor Louis Appleby, School of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, University of Manchester, Withington Hospital, Manchester M20 8LR.


text:
Doctoral Advisor-Advisee Pairing in STEM Fields: Selection Criteria and Impact of Faculty, Student and Departmental Factors
International Journal of Doctoral Studies • Volume 10 • 2015 • pp. 343-363
Unlike the doctoral programs in places where students are paired with advisors at the time of admission itself, most US programs require the students to choose their advisors, and the advisors to formally accept the students as advisees. Little research has been done to understand how students and faculty approach this mutual selection and pairing process. This paper examines this process in STEM departments (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics), with specific focus on factors influencing the decisions. Based on focus groups and interviews of doctoral students and faculty from STEM departments in an American university, we identify criteria applied by students and faculty in making their choices. Students were found to assess faculty on available funding, area of research, personality, ability to graduate students fast, and career prospects for students, and faculty to assess students on their qualifications/credentials and perceived ability to contribute to research. We also found that this mutual assessment was not objective, but influenced by perceptions associated with faculty gender and career stage, and student nationality. In the end, whether students and faculty were actually paired with persons of their choice depended on departmental factors including prevalent pairing practices, restrictions on student numbers per faculty, and reward structure. We discuss implications of the findings for research and practice.
Doctoral education, advisor/advisee selection, gender, nationality, career stage
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Browse Dictionary by Letter
Dictionary Suite
grandiose pretentious, pompous, or ridiculously grand. [2 definitions]
grandioso in a grand, majestic style (used as a musical direction).
grand jury a jury of twelve to thirty-three citizens who are gathered to determine whether there is enough evidence against accused persons to indict them and bring them to trial.
Grand Lama see Dalai Lama.
grand larceny the theft of goods or property exceeding a certain amount of money set by law. (Cf. petty larceny.)
grandma (informal) the female parent of one's parent; grandmother.
grand mal a kind of epilepsy characterized by convulsions and loss of consciousness. (Cf. petit mal).
Grand Master the head of a military or fraternal order. [2 definitions]
grandmother the female parent of one's parent. [2 definitions]
grandmotherly of or concerning a grandmother or grandmothers. [2 definitions]
grandnephew a son of one's niece or nephew; great-nephew.
grandniece a daughter of one's niece or nephew; great-niece.
grand opera a usu. serious opera that has the entire text set to music.
grandpa (informal) the male parent of one's parent; grandfather.
grandparent the father or mother of one's parent.
grand piano the largest of pianos, usu. supported on three legs and having a large harp-shaped case in which the strings are strung horizontally.
Grand Prix (sometimes l.c.) any of several automobile races over a long, difficult course, esp. an international one using the same course each year.
grand slam in bridge, the taking of all thirteen tricks by the bidder. (Cf. little slam.) [4 definitions]
grandson the male child of one's child.
grandstand the rows of seats for spectators at a sports stadium, racetrack, or the like; often, a roofed section of the stands. [5 definitions]


text:
Wedding photographer in Agropoli
The wedding photography service in the ancient seaside city
The wedding photographer in Agropoli has an immense choice of views, monuments, and characteristic corners that the scenery offers. The castle, standing on the promontory, almost blending in with the old town; the entrance gate to the historic center, which every summer sees thousands of tourists fascinated by the fantastic view from above.
The history of Agropoli has often intertwined with that of nearby Paestum and the entire Cilento area. Since ancient Greece, Agropoli was probably a port for the neighboring Greek city. It was fiercely contested by the populations of the time, who also built fortifications to launch their attacks. During the Middle Ages, it came under the control of the Church. It subsequently passed into the possession of different noble families before becoming part of the Kingdom of Italy. The long history of Agropoli is evidenced by its rich architectural presence, such as the Castle of Agropoli. A characteristic feature of the old town is the staircase that leads to the historic center of Agropoli, which requires passing under a fortified gate. From here, you can enjoy a breathtaking view of the city's gulf.


text:
This document presents a roadmap for developing sport and physical activity among Indigenous peoples. The Indigenous Long-Term Participant Development Pathway is a reference for those who work with Indigenous participants in sport and recreation. It has grown out of the understanding that mainstream models for sport development do not necessarily align with Indigenous needs or experiences. As such, this document tries to address that gap by outlining the key elements that need to be considered when planning, developing, and implementing programs for and with Indigenous peoples and communities.
For more information on the accompanying workshop, please click here.


From Bulbapedia, the community-driven Pokémon encyclopedia.
Jump to: navigation, search
Doyle (Japanese: アラタ Arata) is a Pokémon Trainer and, along with Christie, is a character of the day in Where Did You Go, Audino?.
Doyle was determined to find out what was causing Audino to disappear from the village after his grandfather's Audino had vanished. He and Christie would often argue about who would discover the missing Audino first and would compete with one another using their Psychic Pokémon. He had a hunch that an evil organization was taking control of the Audino.
Later on, Doyle was partnered with Ash to watch after an elderly couple's Audino on which they put a tracking device. The Audino soon started acting strange and they followed it and met up with Officer Jenny, Cilan, Christie, and Iris. Doyle managed to slow one of them down with Solosis's Psychic.
Doyle and the others soon found all of the missing Audino and found out that they were being lured by sound waves that Team Rocket had created. He then used Solosis to battle both Jessie's Woobat and James's Yamask. After the case was solved, Doyle was eager to know if Solosis had helped out more than Christie's Gothita, to which Officer Jenny informed the both of them that Ash's Roggenrola helped out the most.
Doyle's Solosis
Solosis was used by Doyle to help locate the missing Audino. Upon encountering Ash and his friends, Doyle commanded it to use Psychic on them as he thought they were suspects. Later, it helped up by getting the group over a cliff so that they wouldn't lose sight of Audino. Solosis was then used to battle Team Rocket by using Confuse Ray on Woobat and Night Shade on Yamask.
Solosis's known moves are Psychic, Confuse Ray and Night Shade.
Debut Where Did You Go, Audino?
Voice actors
Japanese Misato Fukuen
English Erica Schroeder
Voice actors
Language Voice actor
Japanese 竹内順子 Junko Takeuchi
English Leah Clark
Czech Vojtěch Hájek
Finnish Katja Sirkiä
German Maximilian Belle
Polish Beniamin Lewandowski
Brazilian Portuguese Vinícius Takahashi
Spanish Latin America Emilio Treviño
Spain Pilar Coronado


text:
Defining leaf analysis as a strategy for effective nutrition management
Qbloom Pty Ltd
Project code: PRJ-008061
Project stage: Closed
Project start date: Friday, June 22, 2012
Project completion date: Saturday, May 30, 2015
National Priority: NEPI-Industry building and connectivity
Effective nutrition management combines strategies for balanced soil nutrient content and targeted plant nutrition. In commercial horticulture leaf samples are regularly sent for analysis of nutrient levels. The actual levels measured in a sample are compared against a known standard range for normal leaf nutrient content for that specific crop, and recommendations for fertiliser applications may be made to correct any deficiencies or imbalances in the plant. This project aims to develop leaf standard nutrient ranges for key wildflower products. In the first phase of the project historical data of leaf analyses will be collected and combined to define standard ranges. In the second phase any gaps or inconsistencies will be addressed through monthly leaf analyses of relevant crops. The results of this project further add to a broader understanding of key wildflower crops initiated by the Quality specifications profiles and built on in the Canopy Management project and the Farm Plus project.
New and Emerging Plant Industries
Qbloom Pty Ltd
The project aims to establish normal ranges of leaf nutrient concentrations for Australian and South African native plants grown for commercial flower production. This will enable the industry to use regular leaf analysis as a tool in developing effective nutrition management plans to support healthy plant growth and provide high yields of good quality product. The 30 products highlighted in the RIRDC Quality Specifications manual will be the focus of this project.


text:
VW Strain Gauge Q&A
Question: What checks can I perform on VW strain gauges.?
Answer: You can perform standard wire checks as follows:
1. Read the device with the appropriate VW indicator and check its frequency of oscillation against expectations. Note that some gauges will not perform unless they are welded to a surface.
2. Read the temperature device embedded in the unit which should typically yield a reading within a couple of degrees centigrade. Most VW sensors now have a thermistor.
3. Check for short circuits between cable leads and the metallic body on the gauge, and between circuits per the table below. This can be done with a digital multi-meter with ohms range of 20 megaohm. Do not use a high-voltage megger device as this can damage the gauge by breaking down insulation.
Question: How can I convert Hz readings of the spot-weldable strain gauge to microstrain?
Answer: This is covered in the manual for our spot-weldable strain gauge. You'll need acrobat reader to view or print this manual. You can also use the formula below:
microstrain value = 0._PHONE_ x SQ(Reading in Hz) + (-2030.1)
Note that these numbers work only with the VW spot-weldable strain gauge. They are not suitable for the arc-weldable or embedment strain gauges.
Question: For some time, our technician was recording readings from the VW spot-weldable strain gauge using the VWP Indicator's "microstrainVS" setting (rather than the correct "microstrainVW" setting. How can I convert these VS readings to the correct microstrainVW readings?
Answer: The data can be converted without too much difficulty. The main
problem is that the VS readings used a
Hz = SQRT(711.09 * VS + 6783) - 82.4 (where VS is the microstrainVS reading)
Then, to convert the result to the correct microstrainVW reading, use the formula below:
uStrain = (Hz^2 / 1320) - 2030.1
For your convenience, we've made an Excell worksheet that provides these equations. The file is called VS2VWmicrostrain. Note that is equation is just for use with the VWP Indicator. You'll need an UnZip utility to access the file.
Question: I am not using a Slope Indicator readout. How can a obtain a reading in degrees C from the RTD used in your sensors?
Answer: Our published instructions assume that users are reading these 2K ohm RTDs using Slope Indicator readouts or the Campbell Scientific CR10X with AVW1 or AVW100 vibrating wire interface. These instructions will not work with other devices.
If you are using another device, obtain a reading in K ohms. Then apply either
of the following polynomial coefficients to obtain degrees C:
Solution A: For a range of -10 to +30 C.
Ax2 + Bx + C, where
Ax5 + Bx4 + Cx3 + Dx2 + Ex + F
A = 0.95659


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Perform an Outbound File Transfer (Example: Generate Payfile)
In outbound transfer, data is copied from EXT Schema which has read access Commissions tables (TCMP) and loaded into the target.
Note: Data can be extracted into various data systems. As an example, the procedure to transfer data to flat files is illustrated in this documentation.
Steps
The following image illustrates the steps involved for an Outbound File Transfer.
To perform an inbound transfer:
 1. Create Custom EXT Table.
 1. Open DB Explorer and log in to EXT schema.
 2. Create a custom table in EXT for the respective source (Example: Payroll_Data)
 2. Create a Custom Stored Procedure.
 1. Open DB Explorer and log in to EXT schema.
 2. Create a custom procedure in EXT to transfer data from TCMP to EXT (Ex: Payroll_Data_Proc)
 3. In this procedure write SQL statements to extract payment data from Commissions and load into the respective custom table (Example: Payroll_Data)
 3. Create FlowGraph#1:
 1. Create a FlowGraph and define Virtual table (Example: Payroll) as your target and Synonym as a source.
 2. Build FlowGraph and Execute.
Optionally, you can create additional flowgraphs to meet your requirements and chain flowgraphs.
To monitor data transfer status and logs, see Monitor Tasks.
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Questions related to Suspend Mode, which is a special low-power mode often used on laptops that preserves the contents of RAM while using less power than normal. Questions related to suspending to disk should use the [hibernate] tag.
Suspend (to RAM) is a power saving mode. The machine state is held in RAM with the minimum of power needed to preserve all data. When the user wants to continue the session, they should be able to resume from suspend instantly.
Many laptops activate suspend mode automatically when the lid is closed while running on battery, or can be configured to do so. Suspend can also be activated through a GUI button or on the command line - for example, in versions of Ubuntu that use systemd, such as 16.04, suspend can be activated using the systemctl interface
A related tag is which refers to the open standard for power management interfaces. Suspend as defined by ACPI is "S3"


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Resource Smart Schools
What is Resource Smart Schools?
"Resource Smart Schools is a free program offered by Sustainability Victoria that supports Victorian schools to embed sustainability across the school facilities, community and curriculum, while saving resources and money for the school."
What Does this mean for our school?
The Resource Smart Schools program offers access to sustainability experts to support our ongoing mission to become a more sustainable school. We are working towards Sustainability Certification by measuring and tracking our use of resources, such as electricity, water, waste, and documenting the biodiversity on school grounds. With this information, we are learning to operate more sustainably, reducing costs to save on electricity, water and waste bills – and greenhouse gas emissions to minimise their impact on the environment.
The school is creating an environmental management system tailored to our needs which will benefit both student learning and our planet.
How does it work?
Schools must accomplish a set number of actions to complete a Module to receive a certificate valid for four years. Completion of the Core Module is the first step as it serves to develop a whole-school environmental management plan. The other four Modules include a minimum number of actions for completion, which once achieved, are submitted for verification. For each module verified, we will be awarded a star, and we are well on our way to achieving 5-star status


A No-Fuss Method for Cooking Almost Any Whole Grain
I don't bother with carefully measuring water or fiddling around with getting just the right flame when I cook whole grains on the stove. Instead, I cook pretty much every type of grain using the same no-fuss method — with great results every time.
Basically, I use the same method for cooking whole grains that I use for cooking pasta: I simmer the grains in a good amount of salted water until they are the right texture, and then drain them. Some grains like quinoa benefit from a 10-minute rest in the covered pot after draining, which gives a better texture, but for most of the other grains I use on a regular basis, such as barley, wheat berries, or farro, this isn't necessary.
Brown rice is the only whole grain I don't use this method for, as I prefer the texture when it is cooked in the traditional way, but it can done. In fact, Saveur uses it in their recipe for Perfect Brown Rice.
A couple hints when using this method:
- When cooking quinoa, watch for the point when most of the grains have little spirals (the germ) curling around them. That's when it's done cooking. Drain it, put it back in the pot off the heat and cover it for 10 minutes, then fluff with a fork and serve.
- For all other grains, periodically taste as they cook and drain them once they are cooked through and soft.
- Very hard grains like wheat berries will need 45 minutes or more of simmering, so add water if too much boils off during cooking.
- As with pasta, generously salt the water. You can also add bay leaf, herb sprigs, garlic cloves or other aromatics that can be easily removed once the grains are cooked through.
Have you ever tried this method? How do you cook whole grains?
Related: How To Cook Brown Rice
(Image: Joe Belanger/Shutterstock)


text:
Posted by The Situationist Staff on February 7, 2009
A pair of capuchin monkeys show very compelling signs of cooperation and a sense of fairness, by working together to solve a problem using tools, and then sharing the reward.
They also show signs of understanding fairness: when unequal rewards are given to one monkey and not another, the monkey receiving the lesser treat would rather go hungry than accept anything less than an equal reward.
From the BBC documentary "Capuchins: The Monkey Puzzle", narrated by the ever brilliant Sir David Attenborough.
* * *
* * *


A conservation plan was prepared for Fonthill, Henry Chapman Mercer's concrete masterpiece in Doylestown, Pennsylvania which was built between 1908 and 1912. The Plan, commissioned by the Bucks County Historical Society, addressed the short and long-term challenges of maintaining the integrity of the building's concrete structure and its cast-in-place decorative arts collections. The primary objective was to clearly understand Fonthill's complex and interrelated components and systems, and to identify the critical issues and formulate a short and long-range plan for addressing those issues. Construction documents for phased restoration work followed the initial conservation plan.


text:
Water at the heart of science
From the Mediterranean basin to the valleys of the Andes, the exhibition "Water at the heart of science" presents some of the main French research projects in the field of water. Richly illustrated and educational, it leads to a better understanding of the role of research in the sustainable management of water, a vital resource that is essential to development.
The exhibition was prepared for the International Year of Water Cooperation 2013. It is co-produced by the Institut Français, the IRD (Institut de recherche pour le développement) and the Centre de Culture scientifique et technique de la région Centre. Premiered at UNESCO for the official launch of the International Year for Water Cooperation, it will be shown around the world throughout the year in the institutions of the French cultural network.
|Type of Event||Exhibition|
|Start||11.02.2013 08:00 local time|
|End||11.02.2013 17:00 local time|
|Date to be fixed||1|
|Focal point||Kavuma Lwanga, Barbara|
|Street||7, place de Fontenoy|
|Room||Foyer Room I|
|Permanent Delegation Contact||Permanent Delegation of the French Republic to UNESCO|
|Language of Event||English, French|
|Estimated number of participants|
|Link 1||Launch of the International Year of Water Cooperation 2013|


What are dynamic numbers and why do I need them?
Dynamic numbers are used by Delacon's call tracking solution to accurately track visitors to your website. This pool of numbers are provisioned by Delacon exclusively for you to be used on your website.
When concurrent visitors browse your site, each visitor will see a different call tracking number.
This number will follow the visitor around the website and will display on the pages that you nominate as pages that you want visitors to call from.
When the visitor ends their web browsing session, the call tracking number will be available again for another web visitor.
Dynamic numbers are available as both standard text numbers and image numbers.
How many call tracking numbers do I need for my website?
Delacon has devised a formula to calculate the amount of call tracking numbers. Importantly, you only need to use this formula for the web pages that require call tracking numbers.
There are several steps involved in the calculation.
Step 1
For web pages that have the same termination point, divide the average number of visitors each hour to those pages by 60.
Step 2
Multiply the figure obtained in Step 1 by the average time visitors spend on those pages.
Step 3
Repeat Steps 1 and 2 for all other web pages where you want to display call tracking numbers that have different termination points.
Step 4
Add together the figures from the calculations.
Now you have the amount of call tracking numbers you require to accurately track calls from your website.
Here's a theoretical example
Let's say you have on average 240 visitors each hour to the web pages you want to display a call tracking number and that each visitor stays on the site for one minute. Under this scenario our call tracking solution would require 4 numbers that divert to one termination point. That's 240 divided by 60 and multiplied by 1.
However what happens if you divert call tracking numbers to a second termination point on select pages?
If those web pages also have an average of 240 visitors each hour and each visitor stays on the site for one minute, then you require 8 call tracking numbers. That's 4 plus 4.
The same theory applies if you require multiple numbers on the same web page to redirect to different termination points. When using the formula, you should multiply the result for that page by the amount of termination points from each call tracking number.
Dynamic number calculator
To make it easy for you, we have developed a dynamic number calculator. When using the calculator, you still need to make multiple calculations if you're displaying call tracking numbers on different pages that redirect to different termination points.
Rolling Number Calculator
Number of Users
Enter your average number of users:
Enter your maximum number of users:
Amount of Time on Site
Enter the average amount of time the user stays on the site in minutes:
Enter the maximum amount of time the user stays on the site in minutes:
Span of Time
Enter the number of hours that most users browse your site.
For example:
If most users arrive between 7am and 7pm, then the number of hours is 12 hours.
If most users browse your site during the day and all night, then the number of hours is 24.
(24 hrs maximum)


text:
Learn how to say Igniting correctly in English with this tutorial pronunciation video.
Oxford dictionary definition of the word ignite:
catch fire or cause to catch fire:
furniture can give off lethal fumes when it ignites
he lit a cigarette which ignited the petrol fumes
[with object] arouse or inflame (an emotion or situation):
the words ignited new fury in him
mid 17th century (in the sense 'make intensely hot'): from Latin ignire 'set on fire', from ignis 'fire'


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In some cases, you will need to define a topography on your Leapfrog project. Even it is not mandatory, defining a topography in Leapfrog is very useful. Topography can be used as the upper boundary of a geological model. In this tutorial, I am going to show you how to create topography from an elevation grid in Leapfrog Geo.
Basically, Leapfrog supports various sources to build the topography. You can use the elevation grid, points data as well as GIS data. But in this article, I will specifically show you how to build the topography from the elevation grid.
Topography from Elevation Grid
There are two ways to create topography from an elevation grid.
- Right-click the Topography folder and select New Topography >> Import Elevation Grid. Browse the elevation grid file and then choose OK. Read how to create a surface elevation grid in Surfer.
- Browse and select your grid file. Leapfrog supports various gird file-formats including asc, dem, grd, img, tif.
- Specify the surface resolution. The smaller resolution will give you a better or smoother look. But it will take more processing times.
- You can also set the clipping boundary and don't forget to give a name for the new topography.
5. After import, you will see the newly imported grid is listed under the Meshes. To open the new topography, simply drag the topography file.


Textile Width 750mm, China
Discharge dyeing works with the removal of the dye originally applied to the fabric. In this case, it was originally a red piece of fabric using a dye remover was applied through a stencil resulting in a pattern of the red colour. This technique was introduced into China in the 50s which became very popular in the rural area. Traditional fabric dyeing technique in China are based on vegetable dye where the intensity of the colour will run through time and wash. Discharge dyeing was most welcomed as the colour stays and the patterns are fine. This fabric has a butterfly and flower print.


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One of the most visited castles in Georgia is Ananuri Fortress – the fortress of the Aragvi Eristavs, located on the Zhinvali reservoir of the Aragvi river.
It is a tourist magnet thanks to several facts:
- Firstly, fantastic landscapes open up here: at the same time, a huge lake among the mountains, a castle of the late Middle Ages, and an old church with a tiled roof.
- Secondly, there are two churches of the seventeenth centuryin Ananuri. There are only 3-4 of them in all of Georgia.
- Thirdly, the fortress is conveniently located – just 70 kilometers from Tbilisi on the Georgian Military Road.
- Finally, the Zhinavli reservoir is characterized by clear water, in which you can swim with a beautiful view to the fortress.
Despite the fact that there are a lot of attractions in Ananuri, they are all located on a very small area inside the fortress walls of the bastion.
As a result, you can visit them literally in one and a half to two hours, taking into account swimming in the Zhinvali reservoir. If you don't plan to swim, you can plan with 40 minutes to visit Ananuri. During this time, you will visit the Assumption Church of the 17th century, the ancient tower of the 13th century next to it and go up to the very top to take spectacular photos and selfies.
The place on which Ananuri Castle is built is strategically extremely important, because on the one hand there is a reservoir, and on the other a mountain.
That is why the first ensemble tower was built here to protect the city of Dusheti, which was the residence of the Georgian mountain princes Eristov-Aragvi, from invaders coming from the Daryal Gorge. Subsequently, the building grew and turned into a full-fledged fortress, which, in the event of an enemy attack, served as a reliable fortification and cover for the retreat of local residents to the mountains.
Ananuri fortress was proposed by the Georgian government for inclusion into the UNESCO World Heritage List


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Assume that a 100 pW He-Ne single-mode last emits light at 633 nm in a TEM00 Gaussian beam.
(a)What is the mean number of photons crossing a circle of radius equal to the waist radius of the beam $W_0$ in a time T=100 ns?
(b) What is the root-mean-square value of the number of photon counts in (a)?
(c) What is the probability that no photons are counted in (a)?
Here is my solution. Could somebody please double check it?
A. $h=6.63 \times 10^{-34}$
Photon flux = $(100\times10^{-12})/((h)(4.74\times10^{14}))=3.18\times10^{8}$
Mean number of photons = $3.18\times10^{8} *(100\times10^{-9})=31.8$
B. $\sqrt{((31.8)^2/(100\times 10^{-9})}$
C. probability = 1-.86 =.14
share|improve this question
closed as too localized by Qmechanic, David Z Nov 14 '12 at 6:33
Hi John - generally we discourage questions that just ask for someone to check your work. Once you have identified the specific concept that you're not sure about, that's the point at which it's appropriate to ask a question here. – David Z Nov 14 '12 at 6:33


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Platinum Rummy Nose Tetra
The Platinum colour variation have a much more intense silverish/blue shine to the scales compared to normal rummy nose. The normal rummy nose tetras have their usual whitish/silver body color, but are much less shiny than the platinum ones.
The rummy-nose tetra is a schooling fish, which exhibits tight schooling behaviour both in the wild and in the aquarium. Consequently, these fishes should be maintained in groups of no fewer than six individuals, with larger numbers being preferable where space permits-these tetras preferring about a 25 gallon/80 litre aquarium. All three species are lovers of warm aquarium water, the temperature range for maintenance being 24 °C to 31 °C, with the fishes sometimes requiring temperatures as high as 33 °C for breeding


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Fresh bread. That smell is very comforting and on Thursday, Nyack Middle School students got a lesson in bread making during a special assembly.
The seventh graders from Family and Consumer Sciences teacher Heather Lee's class filled the cafeteria while two student volunteers helped with the demonstration with Amy Driscoll from the King Arthur Flour Life Skills Bread Baking Program
The students learned how to make two different loaves of bread, cinnamon rolls and pretzels.
During the hour long assembly, there were lessons mixed in from different subject areas, such as:
- Science – baking is a science experiment with controlled ingredients and chemical reactions (yeast)
- Math – adding, weight, volume
- Art – being creative with the different shapes and purposes of dough at the end
- Nutrition – of the different ingredients such as wheat flour
As part of the project each student will receive to take home enough flour and yeast for two loaves of bread, a dough scraper and a recipe booklet. If the students choose to donate one of the loaves they bake they are being asked to return one loaf of bread in the bag provided to school on Monday, Dec. 10.
The Family and Consumer Science Department and the Middle School Family Resource Center will then donate the bread to a local organization in need.
This is a great hands-on learning experience done in the generous spirit of giving back to the community.
"We'll try to do this every other year," said Lee. "Our plan is to donate to people to people and soup angels, as well as our own students' families who are in need. Lisa Retallack from our Family Resource Center is handling the specific donations."


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In this paper a systematic methodology is developed to estimate economically optimal replacement time interval of a water distribution pipe using the proportional hazards modeling approach. To maximize the full potential of the proportional hazards model (PHM) the pipes in a case study area are redefined so that the pipes have consistent internal and external characteristics along their newly defined lengths. The survival functions of the PHMs are constructed for the six ordered survival time groups of cast iron 6 inch pipes in the area and subsequently used to estimate the intervals of future failure times of a pipe. The recorded and predicted future failure time intervals are used to model the trend of pipe failure using the General Pipe Break Prediction Model (GPBM). The equivalence relationship between the GPBM and the threshold break rate of a pipe is used to estimate the economically optimal replacement time interval of a pipe.
A methodology to estimate economically optimal replacement time interval of water distribution pipes
Suwan Park, Jung Wook Kim, Agbenowosi Newland, Hwandon Jun; A methodology to estimate economically optimal replacement time interval of water distribution pipes. Water Supply 1 December 2007; 7 (5-6): 149–155. doi: _URL_
Download citation file:


text:
Hungary: Lake Balaton
Orbit 34144 (ascending) Frame 2662, October 31, 2001 9:37 GMT
Image shows Lake Balaton and its surroundings. Located in the Transdanubia region,
Western Hungary, the Balaton is the largest freshwater lake in central Europe.
It stretches along the southern foothills of the
Bakony Mountains and represents an important
recreational and fishing
resource, although it is severely polluted.
On the lake's north shore, the conservation reserve
and national park of Tihanyl-felsziget.
Fine vineyards grow all along the other parts of the
lake shore and complete the landscape of the region,
characterised by rolling hills with highly fertile soil.
Click on the thumbnail image to see a higher resolution version of this image;
a very high resolution image, 983 x 1023 pixels, 430530 bytes, is also available.
Keywords: ESA European
Space Agency - Agence spatiale europeenne,
observation de la terre, earth observation,
satellite remote sensing,
teledetection, geophysique, altimetrie, radar,
chimique atmospherique, geophysics, altimetry, radar,


text:
Catch phrase goes here Catch phrase goes here Catch phrase goes here
Our Beam YOUTH Program works with our partner schools to provide an intensive apprenticeship experience to over 100 high school students per year. Beam Apprentices visit Beam Center two or more times a week for 15 weeks, working closely with engineers and artists to create a large-scale collaborative project. Past apprenticeship projects include: The Personal Planetarium, a welded-steel geodesic dome that maps the cosmos, and Current Translation, a twelve foot balancing sculpture with multi-media elements. In addition to learning technical skills, students also learn how to lead educational workshops for younger children. Apprentices who complete the program are eligible for paid summer jobs at community day camp and afterschool programs through a partnership with ExpandEd Options.


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a default (first) wallet.
- Follow the steps Vigvam suggests: unlock the Ledger device, open the Ethereum app, or install it if you haven't done it yet.
- After completing the scanning procedure, you will be suggested to confirm what exact wallets should be added.
- You can change the wallet name here.
- Click the Continue button to finish.
- Now, you can use this wallet as well as others.
- There is always a notation that it is a wallet from Ledger in its name.
- Every time you need to sign a transaction, Vigvam will also show a window to connect the device and send a signature request to it.
Optional testing: Social Auth
- You can also create wallets using one of the following Social Auth ways: Google, Twitter, Facebook, or Reddit.
- This is an experimental feature that is not working in Firefox yet.
- Click on the social network and select the account you will use to create a wallet.
The Vigvam Testing flow: interactions with dApps.
We prepared two video tutorials on how to interact with Uniswap on Avalanche and Ethereum testnets and _URL_ on the Polygon testnet. You may conduct the same steps or create your own testing flow with these dapps. Don't forget to share your experience in our form.
How to connect and work with Uniswap and Pangolin via Vigvam
How to connect and work with Zk.link via Vigvam


text:
Conservation work completed on one of Glasgow's most historic buildings
27 February 2013
Glasgow Cathedral has recently received £30,000 worth of conservation work by Historic Scotland to repair the damage inflicted by last year's gales.
Despite being the only medieval cathedral on the Scottish mainland to have survived the 1560 Reformation virtually complete, the weathercock and spike on top of the landmark did not escape last year's merciless strong winds unscathed.
The spike of the church was no longer vertical due to corrosion and a closer examination of the weathercock showed damage to some of the rivets with the tail being completely blown off. A further structural inspection also found an area of the steeple was in need of re-pointing.
Overseeing the conservation work was Historic Scotland's District Architect, Ian Lambie. While the conservation itself was a fairly simple task, it was made more complex by the height of the building and the narrow conditions.
Ian Lambie said: "The only way of accessing the spire head was by climbing up inside the steeple using steep narrow ladders and squeezing and crawling through small windows at the apex. Making repairs at this sort of height has its challenges but it's always worth it for the view!"
Now that the necessary repairs are complete, the weathercock should be able to withstand the worst of the wind and the re-pointing should hold for at least another ten years.
Notes for editors:
Historic Scotland around the web:
- Historic Scotland is an executive agency of the Scottish Government charged with safeguarding the nation's historic environment. The agency is fully accountable to Scottish Ministers and through them to the Scottish Parliament.


text:
入植農家からみた干拓地農業の変容過程-名古屋市近郊鍋田干拓地の事例The Changing Process of Farming on Reclaimed Land from the Settlers Point of View--A Case Study of Nabeta Reclaimed Land in the Suburbs of Nagoya City
This research examines the changing process of farming on reclaimed land, as seen from the changing farming conditions of each settler, in the context of national land reclamation, which took place after the Second World War when agricultural production was increasing.As a case study, I researched the background of 136 settlers who started farming in 1962 on Nabeta Reclaimed Land, Aichi Prefecture, situated at the mouth of Kiso River. I examined the following 3 points : (1) settlement conditions of Nabeta Reclaimed Land, (2) the influence of Typhoon hazards from Ise Bay on the farming behavior of settlers and (3) the influence of urbanization from the metropolitan area Nagoya. The results are as follows : 1) There occurred some differences in farming among settlers, depending upon the time of settlement, their native places, the land condition of their farm and their successors. The difference in farming was most greatly influenced by land conditions based on the time of settlement.2) The changing process of farming in Nabeta Reclaimed Land can be divided into 3 periods : 1 st period (commencement of farming), 2nd period (change in farming) and 3 rd period (settlement of farming).3) The farming conditions of settlers diversified gradually over 3 periods : 1 st period→2 nd period→ 3 rd period (Fig. 11). In the 1 st period, conditions were classified into thetype, mainly composed of field husbandry and animal husbandry. In the 3rd period, conditions could be classified into 4 patterns : field husbandry, animal husbandry, part-time farming and abandonment of farming. These were farming patterns that had been already started during the 2 nd period.4) In comparison with other reclaimed lands in Japan, the following can be considered as regional characteristics of Nabeta Reclaimed Land.First, about 20 percent of all settlers were close relatives of those people who were killed by Typhoon Ise Bay. They were less interested in farming, compared to normal settlers, and quite a few of them gave up farming when farming became diversified.Second, about 10 percent of cultivated land (an area of 302 ha) in Nabeta Reclaimed Land turned out to be owned by residents in Nagoya City. Further, settlers have been unable to make the most of accessibility to big markets, because of the lack of community integration in reclaimed land villages and because of the poor performance of specializing in one farm product.
地學雜誌 107(1), 25-48, 1998


Date Index Name Processoredit
The purpose of this processor is to point documents to the right time based index based on a date or timestamp field in a document by using the date math index name support.
The processor sets the _index meta field with a date math index name expression based on the provided index name prefix, a date or timestamp field in the documents being processed and the provided date rounding.
First, this processor fetches the date or timestamp from a field in the document being processed. Optionally, date formatting can be configured on how the field's value should be parsed into a date. Then this date, the provided index name prefix and the provided date rounding get formatted into a date math index name expression. Also here optionally date formatting can be specified on how the date should be formatted into a date math index name expression.
An example pipeline that points documents to a monthly index that starts with a myindex- prefix based on a date in the date1 field:
PUT _ingest/pipeline/monthlyindex
{
 "description": "monthly date-time index naming",
 "processors" : [
 {
 "date_index_name" : {
 "field" : "date1",
 "index_name_prefix" : "myindex-",
 "date_rounding" : "M"
 }
 }
 ]
}
Using that pipeline for an index request:
PUT /myindex/_doc/1?pipeline=monthlyindex
{
 "date1" : "2016-04-25T12:02:01.789Z"
}
{
 "_index" : "myindex-2016-04-01",
 "_type" : "_doc",
 "_id" : "1",
 "_version" : 1,
 "result" : "created",
 "_shards" : {
 "total" : 2,
 "successful" : 1,
 "failed" : 0
 },
 "_seq_no" : 0,
 "_primary_term" : 1
}
The above request will not index this document into the myindex index, but into the myindex-2016-04-01 index because it was rounded by month. This is because the date-index-name-processor overrides the _index property of the document.
To see the date-math value of the index supplied in the actual index request which resulted in the above document being indexed into myindex-2016-04-01 we can inspect the effects of the processor using a simulate request.
POST _ingest/pipeline/_simulate
{
 "pipeline" :
 {
 "description": "monthly date-time index naming",
 "processors" : [
 {
 "date_index_name" : {
 "field" : "date1",
 "index_name_prefix" : "myindex-",
 "date_rounding" : "M"
 }
 }
 ]
 },
 "docs": [
 {
 "_source": {
 "date1": "2016-04-25T12:02:01.789Z"
 }
 }
 ]
}
and the result:
{
 "docs" : [
 {
 "doc" : {
 "_id" : "_id",
 "_index" : "<myindex-{2016-04-25||/M{yyyy-MM-dd|UTC}}>",
 "_type" : "_type",
 "_source" : {
 "date1" : "2016-04-25T12:02:01.789Z"
 },
 "_ingest" : {
 "timestamp" : "2016-11-08T19:43:03.850+0000"
 }
 }
 }
 ]
}
The above example shows that _index was set to <myindex-{2016-04-25||/M{yyyy-MM-dd|UTC}}>. Elasticsearch understands this to mean 2016-04-01 as is explained in the date math index name documentation
Table 35. Date index name options
Name Required Default Description
field
yes
-
The field to get the date or timestamp from.
index_name_prefix
no
-
A prefix of the index name to be prepended before the printed date.
date_rounding
yes
-
How to round the date when formatting the date into the index name. Valid values are: y (year), M (month), w (week), d (day), h (hour), m (minute) and s (second).
date_formats
no
yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSZ
An array of the expected date formats for parsing dates / timestamps in the document being preprocessed. Can be a Joda pattern or one of the following formats: ISO8601, UNIX, UNIX_MS, or TAI64N.
timezone
no
UTC
The timezone to use when parsing the date and when date math index supports resolves expressions into concrete index names.
locale
no
ENGLISH
The locale to use when parsing the date from the document being preprocessed, relevant when parsing month names or week days.
index_name_format
no
yyyy-MM-dd
The format to be used when printing the parsed date into the index name. An valid Joda pattern is expected here.


Definitions for "berry"
a juicy fruit with seeds immersed in pulp
Old province which has now become the department of Cher and the department of Indre. This region has an internationally renound status thanks to its wines: Sancerre, Ménetou-Salon, Quincy and Reuilly.
Berry is a region located in the center of France. It was a province of France until the provinces were replaced by dÃ©partements on March 4, 1790.
Keywords: hillock, mound
A mound; a hillock.
Keywords: went, summer, pick, gather
Keywords: nominative
Keywords: ova, eggs, fish, one
One of the ova or eggs of a fish.
Keywords: singer, born, rock, united
United States rock singer (born in 1931)
Keywords: bean, coffee
The coffee bean.
berry is a XML-based interpreted language for many purposes
Keywords: bear, produce
To bear or produce berries.


Field (agriculture)
From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
Jump to: navigation, search
A field of sunflowers in Cardejón, Spain
In agriculture, a field is an area of land, enclosed or otherwise, used for agricultural purposes such as cultivating crops or as a paddock or other enclosure for livestock. A field may also be an area left to lie fallow or as arable land.
Many farms have a field border, usually composed of a strip of shrubs and vegetation, used to provide food and cover necessary for the survival of wildlife. It has been found that these borders may lead to an increased variety of animals and plants in the area, but also in some cases a decreased yield of crops.[1]
In Australian and New Zealand English, any agricultural field may be called a paddock. If stock are grazed there, the space may be called a run, e.g. sheep run; cattle run.[2]
Image gallery
See also
 1. Carpenter, Brent; Dailey, Thomas V.; Jones-Farrand, D. Todd; Pierce, Robert A.; White, Bill. "Field Borders for Agronomic, Economic and Wildlife Benefits". Curators of the University of Missouri. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
 2. The Macquarie Dictionary run n. Def. 113


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This submenu makes the Ragdoll happen.
If in previous steps you've made everything correctly, you are ready to create the Ragdoll
Create the Ragdoll. #
Push the "Ragdoll" button.
The Ragdoll plugin builds Connectors against the skeleton, in the Connector settings attaches the joints to each other, creates rigid body colliders to cover up the body. The created Connectors is trying to maintain the correct orientation. I.e. if it is the human knee, then it should bend forward and not backward or sideward. Plugin reads the bones in the Retarget menu and in the result creates realistic human behavior.
The Collider is responsible for a physics collision during animation. The Ragdoll plugin build them with the form and sizes of the character body! This saves you having to manually build colliders for your character!
During creating the Ragdoll you can chose the type of colliders.
Cubes checkbox. #
Cubes checkbox. Here you can chose between the generating the polygon object collider or the cube collider. Sometime each one suits better to your task.
Left: cubes (subdivided). Right: polygon objects.
Cubes are little bit faster. Meshes are more physically correctly.
Springs button. Push it and the Ragdoll plugin will create the bunch of springs. You can find it under the Ragdoll instance. Each spring connects the wrist bone to a forearm, the forearm bone to a shoulder, the hip bone to the pelvis, etc.
Using it you can control the character's pose.
For example, create the Ragdoll, create the springs, hit the play animation. Your character will fall on the floor losing its pose. This is how you expected the Ragdoll behavior.
Now set the force of all springs to 60. Hit play. Character will fall, but now the character holds himself in the pose for which the springs were created.
Achieve any results!
You can create as many bunches as you want. Mix them during the animation.Just create the animation keys for the spring's force.
Colliders creation/changing #
When you have created the ragdoll, two buttons are existing here:
- Simple solver
- GeRay solver
You are free to delete collider for any joint in any time, create a new one with type of Cube or Mesh, modify it, delete again and create a new one with another type.
When the plugin calculates the character's body parameters, some parts of the 3d model could be hard for understanding for a plugin. F.e. when the character is not in the T-pose. Or when the mesh is complicated. In this case you may need to modify the colliders by hand. These buttons will help you with it.
To create a new collider:
- you need to select the joint(s)
- set the Cube-checkbox – Off,
- push the GeRay solver button.
- the Ragdoll plugin will recalculate and create new Mesh-collider.
To recalculate the sizes of the cube-collider(s) (if you've created the ragdoll with the cube-colliders):
- you need to select the cube-collider(s).
- set the Cube-checkbox – On,
- if you've assigned the mesh in the Retarget menu, pass this step. If in the Retarget menu you did not assign the character's mesh to plugin, please select the closest mesh to the previously selected collider(s),
- push any of "solver" buttons. Choose which one works better for you.
These two buttons depend on the type of the selected objects – the cube or the joint.
The logic to assign the character's mesh #
You can assign the exact mesh of the character or not (in the previous Retarget group / Character Mesh"-in/exclude field). Depending on this several logics, the Ragdoll plugin will work differently.
F.e. lets consider the generating of colliders logic when the Plugin will process the head_joint. We have two ways here:
- If a) you did not assign any character's mesh and b) have set Cube checkbox = Off. In this case the Ragdoll plugin will process all the meshes skinned to the head_joint and will calculate the collider for each mesh it can find. In the result you will receive few Mesh-colliders under the head_joint in your scene: for the head_mesh, eye_mesh, teeth_mesh and for a part of the neck from a body_mesh.
- If a) in the Retarget group / "Character Mesh"-in/exclude field you have assign the main head_mesh and skip the eyes_mesh, teeth_mesh etc and b) have set the Cube checkbox = Off, then in this case the plugin will generate the Mesh-collider exactly for a head_mesh. Under the head_joint you will receive a single-collider and avoid all other head parts.
Sometimes the 1st method is better for us, sometimes the 2nd.
It does not matter the amount of mesh colliders under the joint.Till the setting "Collision/Inherit Tag" is set to a "Compound Collision Shape" in the Dynamic body tag the physics engine will process everything under the joint as a single object.
Delete button / Created objects #
In the "Created objects" in/exclude field you can see a bunch of objects which was created for our ragdoll. Each object in this field now is registered in the current Ragdoll plugin instance. Now the Plugin will apply different algorithms to each of these objects. Rigid body tags are controlled via "Follow position", "Follow rotation", "Mass" sliders, rope-bones (created via "Generator" mode) are controlled by "radius" & "position distribution" parameters. Etc. And of course all objects are controlled by Delete button.
You can manually remove the object from this field and the Plugin will stop to take any control over them.
Push the Delete button and you will completelly delete current ragdoll from your scene.
There is also the same Delete button in the Advanced tab. The Delete button in the Advanced tab deletes only objects which were created via Advanced tab. The same button but in the main tab will delete everything.
This is especially useful for cases when firstly you've created the main ragdoll and the secondary you've created its fingers via Advanced tab. You can delete ragdoll for fingers without hitting the ragdoll for body.
Also you can use few plugin instances for one character: the first one for the tail, the second one for legs, etc. And delete/create again parts freely.


text:
If you find a detection that you want to share, you can send the URL from the detection detail page to other ExtraHop users.
|Note:||This topic applies to all ExtraHop systems, including ExtraHop Reveal(x).|
|Note:||Detections require a connection to the cloud-based ExtraHop Machine Learning Service.|
Here are some important considerations about sharing detections:
- You must copy and share the entire URL.
- To view the detection, the ExtraHop user must have access to the Discover or Command appliance where the detection was identified.
The following steps show you how to select and share a detection:
- Log into the Web UI on a Discover or Command appliance, and then click Detections at the top of the page.
- Find the detection that you want to share.
Click the detection title, as shown in the following figure.
- At the top of the browser, copy the entire URL.
- Configure a detection alert to receive email notifications about a detection.


Call Break Card Game Rules | How To Play Call Break Card Game
how to play call break card game rules
In this step-by-step call break rules for solo, online, and multiplayer, we will teach you how to play call break like a pro!
At first glance, Call Break looks like a complicated card game with many rules. But, I assure you, it is a piece of cake.
When you understand the basic rules, all you need to do is practice. You can practice by playing solo or online. So, download our free call break card game for android now or play it online on your browser.
Like other card games, if you want to become a pro player, you might need to remember cards and learn to trick opponents. You will learn this skill with experience. So, before you start playing with your friends, we recommend you to practice the rules in offline single-player mode.
With our app, you will become habituated to the rules in no time. Then, you can play the multiplayer mode.
Before we jump into the rules of the call break game, let me warn you. Callbreak has interesting gameplay, so can be very addicting.
Important Call Break Card Game Rules
These are the main callbreak rules that you should remember.
 1. Spade is the trump suit of the game.
 2. A spade card will defeat any card of other suits– no matter the rank. For example, 2 of Spade has more power than Ace of any other suit.
 3. The game is played in 5 rounds. The players take turns to deal the card. Usually, each player picks a random card from the deck to decide the first dealer. The one who gets the lowest card should shuffle and deal the first round in clockwise direction.
 4. The player sitting left to the dealer should make the first call. However, in some parts of Nepal, the game is played counter clockwise direction. So, the player right to the dealer starts the game.
 5. The dealer makes the last call.
 6. A set is completed when each player throws one card each. The player with highest card wins the set. The winning player collects the cards in each set. The total number of cards is counted at the end of the round to determine the points. Usually, the game is won after 5 rounds. Players can also decide the number of rounds with mutual understanding.
 7. When a player throws a card, the other player must throw a higher card of the same suit. If they don't have a higher value card of the same suit, they are free to throw any card of the same suit.
 8. When a player doesn't have any card of the suit being played, he must throw a spade card. If he doesn't have any spade card, he can then throw any card of his choice.
 9. A round should be re-dealt in the following cases: a) If one of the players doesn't get any spade suit (trump) card. b) If one of the players doesn't get any face card (J, Q, K, A) of any suit. c) The sum of the individual calls (bet) is less than 8.
Why Is The Game Called Call Break?
Call break is a game of collecting the highest amount of points in the defined number of rounds.
Since players receive negative points if they fail to reach their called bet, trying to break opponents' Call is one of the winning strategies of this game.
If someone gets negative points, it's very hard to recover. So, in a game, other players often use tricks to break the call of the leading player.
The game is called Call Break because of this strategy. The negative marking feature of the game appeals even to experienced players.
How To Play Call Break Card Game– Game Play, Game Economics, and Objectives
Call break is a 52-cards game. It is played among four players. Each player gets 13 cards each, in each round. It is a turn-based game. In Nepal and some parts of India, the game is played in an anti-clockwise direction. However, these days, the game is also played in the clockwise direction similar to other card games. It is also called call bridge in some part of India.Our call break app uses a clockwise turn.
The game starts when a dealer distributes the cards turn-by-turn to every player. The player with highest points wins the game.
TRUMP CARD: Spade suit is the trump card in every call break game.
Total Time Needed :
Total Cost:
Required Tools:
– A Computer or an Android phone
Things Needed?
– Our call break Android app or our online game.
– 30 minute of your time
How to play callbreak game step-by-step:
select dealer callbreak
1. Selecting Dealer in Call Break
The first dealer is usually selected by picking a card from the deck. Each player picks one card, and the player with the lowest value card deals the first round. The first dealer can also be selected by flipping a coin or randomly.
The player sitting left to the dealer has to deal the card in the next round. Each player takes turns to deal the cards.
The dealer has to deal the card one at a time to each player until everyone receives 13 to change this text.
call points call break
2. Call and Card Confirmation
When all the cards are dealt, the player sitting left of the dealer starts the call. Call is the possible number of hands one can win in a round. Players should hide the cards from each other because call break is a game of tricks and deceits.
All 4 players strategically call the number of sets they think they can win in the round. The minimum amount of calls is 1. So, no matter what kind of card you get, you must at least call 1 point.
Remember, if you bet (call) higher, there is the risk of negative points.
After everyone makes their bet, the sum of the call is calculated. If the total call is less than 8, the cards are re-dealt.
Also, if someone didn't receive a Face card (J, Q, K, A) of any suit, they can ask the dealer to redistribute the cards. The cards are also redistributed if any one of the players doesn't get a spade card of any rank.
call break game play
3. The Game Play
The first card is thrown by the player sitting next to the dealer. If you are playing in Nepal or some part of India, the first bet is made by the player sitting counter clockwise to the dealer. In other places and in call break apps or online call break games, the game is started from the left-hand side of the dealer.
The first person can play card of his choice. The following players then should place the same suit card of higher value than the lead card. For example, if the first player throws '9' of Hearts, the next player should throw '10' or higher card of Hearts, and the third player should also throw a higher card of the Hearts, and so on. If the subsequent player doesn't have a higher card, he can throw any card. But, the card should be of the same suit.
However, if any player doesn't have the suit being played, he can throw a spade card. The spade card triumphs over any cards of other suits. Furthermore, if the players don't have a trump suit as well, they can throw any card of their choice.
When a trick is won, the player who wins the set starts the next bet by throwing a card of his choice.
The game set continues until all 13 cards are played. When all cards are played, it is called a round. The points are then calculated. We will talk about the points in the game economics
Callbreak card games are usually played for 5 rounds.
game play callbreak
4. Objective of Call Break Card Game
The main objective of each player is to get the most points at the end of 5 rounds. The players should always try to win the exact number or higher number of sets as per the Call at the start of the round.
For example, if a player called 3 on the round, he should win at least 3 sets. Otherwise, he will get a score of '-3'.
game economics
5. Game Economics – Evaluation Of Points
When all the 13 cards are played, one round is completed. Points are calculated at the end of each round. The points are evaluated based on the number of calls they make at the start of the round.
Points are equivalent to the calls. If a player wins a lower number of sets than the Call, he gets negative points equivalent to the Call. If someone scores more sets than their call, they get extra 0.1 points for each extra set they win.
For example, if player A calls 3 and wins 3 sets, he gets 3 points. If player B calls 4 and wins 6 sets, he will get 4.2 points (4+0.1+0.1). If player C calls 4 as well but wins only 2 sets, he will get -4 points.
When a round is complete, the points are evaluated and allocated to the players. Whoever gets the highest points at the end of the game, wins the game. The game can be 5 rounds long, or as long as the players want.
Many online callbreak


text:
The RadEditor dialogs are loaded empty or throw an error: "The page cannot be found"
The RadEditor dialogs receive encoded arguments such as skin and configuration information (for example the ImagesPaths, DialogCssFiles) via the URL. In addition RadEditor follows the HTTP rules, which allow up to 2000 symbols to be used for the URL length. However, if some monitoring program such as WebSense or a Proxy server decrease the URL length for example to 1700 symbols then this could break the loading of the editor dialogs and cause the "The page cannot be found" error.
Contact your network administrator and increase the allowed URL length to 2000 symbols.


text:
Weakly non-linear waves in a tapered elastic tube filled with an inviscid fluid
MetadataShow full item record
In the present work, treating the artery as a tapered, thin walled, long and circularly conical prestressed elastic tube and using the longwave approximation, we have studied the propagation of weakly non-linear waves in such a fluid-filled elastic tube by employing the reductive perturbation method. By considering the blood as an incompressible inviscid fluid, the evolution equation is obtained as the Korteweg-de Vries equation with a variable coefficient. It is shown that this type of equation admits a solitary wave-type solution with variable wave speed. It is observed that, the wave speed decreases with distance for positive tapering while it increases for negative tapering. It is further observed that, the progressive wave profile for expanding tubes (a > 0) becomes more steepened whereas for narrowing tubes (a < 0) it becomes more flattened.


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CRUD operations
The Entity Service API is built on top of the the Query Engine API and uses it to perform CRUD operations on entities.
The uid parameter used in function calls for this API is a string built with the following format: [category]::[content-type] where category is one of: admin, plugin or api.
Examples:
 - A correct uid to get users of the Strapi admin panel is admin::user.
 - A possible uid for the Upload plugin could be plugin::upload.file.
 - As the uids for user-defined custom content-types follow the api::[content-type] syntax, if a content-type article exists, it is referenced by api::article.article.
💡 Tip
Run the strapi content-types:list command in a terminal to display all possible content-types' uids for a specific Strapi instance.
findOne()
Finds the first entry matching the parameters.
Syntax: findOne(uid: string, id: ID, parameters: Params)Entry
Parameters
ParameterDescriptionType
fieldsAttributes to returnString[]
populateRelations, components and dynamic zones to populatePopulateParameter
Example
const entry = await strapi.entityService.findOne('api::article.article', 1, {
fields: ['title', 'description'],
populate: { category: true },
});
findMany()
Finds entries matching the parameters.
Syntax: findMany(uid: string, parameters: Params)Entry[]
Parameters
ParameterDescriptionType
fieldsAttributes to returnString[]
filtersFilters to useFiltersParameters
startNumber of entries to skip (see pagination)Number
limitNumber of entries to return (see pagination)Number
sortOrder definitionOrderByParameter
populateRelations, components and dynamic zones to populatePopulateParameter
publicationStatePublication state, can be:
 - live to return only published entries
 - preview to return both draft entries & published entries (default)
PublicationStateParameter
Example
const entries = await strapi.entityService.findMany('api::article.article', {
fields: ['title', 'description'],
filters: { title: 'Hello World' },
sort: { createdAt: 'DESC' },
populate: { category: true },
});
💡 Tip
To retrieve only draft entries, combine the preview publication state and the publishedAt fields:
const entries = await strapi.entityService.findMany('api::article.article', {
publicationState: 'preview',
filters: {
publishedAt: {
$null: true,
},
},
});
create()
Creates one entry and returns it
Syntax: create(uid: string, parameters: Params)Entry
Parameters
ParameterDescriptionType
fieldsAttributes to returnString[]
populateRelations, components and dynamic zones to populatePopulateParameter
dataInput dataObject
💡 Tip
In the data object, relations can be managed with the connect, disconnect, and set parameters using the syntax described for the REST API (see managing relations).
Example
const entry = await strapi.entityService.create('api::article.article', {
data: {
title: 'My Article',
},
});
update()
Updates one entry and returns it.
✏ Note
update() only performs a partial update, so existing fields that are not included won't be replaced.
Syntax: update(uid: string, id: ID, parameters: Params)Entry
💡 Tip
In the data object, relations can be managed with the connect, disconnect, and set parameters using the syntax described for the REST API (see managing relations).
Parameters
ParameterDescriptionType
fieldsAttributes to returnString[]
populateRelations, components and dynamic zones to populatePopulateParameter
dataInput dataobject
Example
const entry = await strapi.entityService.update('api::article.article', 1, {
data: {
title: 'xxx',
},
});
delete()
Deletes one entry and returns it.
Syntax: delete(uid: string, id: ID, parameters: Params)Entry
Parameters
ParameterDescriptionType
fieldsAttributes to returnString[]
populateRelations, components and dynamic zones to populatePopulateParameter
Example
const entry = await strapi.entityService.delete('api::article.article', 1);


Thermoregulatory Sweat Test
Familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) is a heritable, progressive disease that causes the buildup of amyloids, or clumped proteins, in the nervous system and elsewhere. These amyloid deposits cause the death of nerve cells and interfere with the function of the tissue in which they accumulate.
Diagnosing FAP is challenging because the symptoms are similar to those of other neurodegenerative diseases. A thermoregulatory sweat test can help physicians determine a FAP diagnosis.
How is the thermoregulatory sweat test performed?
Sweat glands are controlled by nerves in the skin; autonomic nerve signals are sent from the brain to tell the glands to secrete sweat. In FAP patients, this nerve signal can be interrupted by the formation of amyloid deposits around the nerves.
The thermoregulatory sweat test is performed at a hospital or clinic. Patients have an area of skin (usually hands, feet, arms, or legs) dusted with a powder that responds to moisture by changing color. The patient sits or lies down in a warm, moist room to encourage sweating for a set period of time. The degree of color change at the end of the test is proportional to the amount of sweat produced, which is, in turn, is proportional to nerve activity.
What do results of the test indicate?
Results of the thermoregulatory sweat test indicate whether a patient has loss of nerve function, which may indicate a neurodegenerative disorder such as FAP.
On its own, the thermoregulatory sweat test does not mean that the patient has FAP specifically, but can indicate that a nerve defect is present.
The thermoregulatory sweat test can also be used to measure disease progression once a diagnosis has been reached. As the disease progresses, scores will change, reflecting the decrease in nerve function.
The thermoregulatory sweat test may be performed in combination with a quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test (QSART), another measure of nerve activity.


Phoenix Neurological Associates, Ltd.
5090 N. 40th Street
Suite 250
Phoenix, AZ 85018
Phone: _PHONE_
Fax: _PHONE_
email Phoenix Neurological Associates (If you have an urgent medical issue, do not email; please call us instead.)

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Muscle and Nerve Biopsies
The Neuromuscular Center at Phoenix Neurological Associates offers state of the art facilities for the performance and processing of muscle and nerve biopsies.
A biopsy is a surgical procedure in which one or more small pieces of muscle or nerve tissue are removed for further microscopic or biochemical examination. The procedure, often used in the diagnosis of a neuromuscular disorder, is considered "minor" surgery and can usually be performed using a local anesthetic. We are able to perform these biopsies in our Neuromuscular Center, so patients do not need to go to a hospital. The procedure takes less than an hour and patients can go home right after the biopsy.
Muscle Biopsy Procedure (24kb PDF)
Nerve Biopsy Procedure (38 kb PDF)
Post Biopsy Instructions (40 kb PDF)
Muscle Biopsy
A doctor is likely to call for a muscle biopsy after looking at preliminary blood tests, performing an electromyogram (EMG) and physical examination, and determining that the patient's symptoms indicate an underlying neuromuscular disorder. The muscle biopsy can help distinguish between muscular and neurological problems and can help pinpoint the exact neuromuscular disorder present.
The neuromuscular specialist selects a muscle, usually the biceps, triceps, deltoid or quadriceps muscle, that should yield the most information about the disease. Usually moderately affected muscles are chosen, the weakest muscles may already be too degraded for analysis. The procedure involves a 2-to-3-inch incision, which is then closed with stitches and may feel sore for a few days.
Nerve Biopsy
Most of the time, nerve disorders can be diagnosed without the need for a nerve biopsy. However, a nerve biopsy can be a necessary and valuable test in some patients, such as those suspected of having inflammation of their nerves. As is the case for muscle biopsies, nerve biopsy is an outpatient procedure that can be performed in our Neuromuscular Center.
Analyzing the Sample
All of the biopsies performed in our Neuromuscular Center are processed in our CLIA certified pathology laboratory. This means the samples do not have to be shipped to outside labs. Our highly trained technicians cut them into many thin sections for examination. Using different tests on different sections, we look at the tissue's overall appearance, chemical activities in the tissue, and the presence or absence of critical proteins. This analysis can yield information about muscle degeneration and regeneration, fiber type abnormalities mitrochondrial abnormalities, scar tissue, inflammation and other clues to specific disorders.The information these tests provide helps determine exactly what disease and what form of it the person has.
Finally, a DNA analysis can be performed on a muscle sample to detect a genetic mutation. Although a blood sample is usually adequate for a DNA test, a muscle sample may be needed to test for mitochondrial DNA mutations.
Your doctor may occasionally recommend a new biopsy even though you've had one in the past, especially if you've been given a tentative diagnosis or now suspect your diagnosis was incorrect. With many new muscle-protein antibodies now available for testing biopsy samples, as well as new understanding of mitochondrial disorders and new DNA tests, a new biopsy may be desirable.
Getting Results
The analysis of a muscle biopsy sample is a very tedious and labor-intensive process in which many sections of the muscle must be cut, many different types of procedures performed, and the results carefully analyzed. Our lab usually performs a few basic histology tests immediately after the biopsy and then, based on these results, determines what further tests should be conducted. The report is usually available within two weeks of the biopsy.