text:
One thing you need to do is determine how to space out the tiles and draw them. If this were a simple rectilinear grid of tiles, you could use the AutoCAD® ARRAY command to fill in the tiles. But for the garden path, you need to have each row of tiles offset from the previous row.
This row-offset pattern is a repeating pattern. Think of how you might go about laying the tiles if you were building the actual path. You would probably be inclined to start at one end and just keep laying down rows until there wasn't any more space left.
At the starting point of the path
Figure out the initial row offset from center (either centered on
the path or offset by one "tile space").
While the space of the boundary filled is less than the space to
Draw a row of tiles.
Reset the next start point (incremented by one "tile space").
Add the distance filled by the new row to the amount of space
Toggle the offset (if it is centered, set it up off-center, or
Go back to the start of the loop.


Enabling the Monitoring API
Before you can use the Monitoring API, you must enable it and authorize users to access it.
This page describes how to enable and authorize use of the Monitoring API v3.
Enabling the API
The Monitoring API must be enabled before it can be used. You can check the status and enable the API if necessary by using either the Cloud SDK gcloud command-line tool or the Google Cloud Console.
Cloud SDK
 1. If you have not already installed the Cloud SDK on your workstation, see Cloud SDK.
 2. To see if the Monitoring API is enabled, run the following command on your workstation:
 gcloud services list
 If monitoring.googleapis.com appears in the output, the API is enabled.
 3. If the API is not enabled, run the following command to enable it:
 gcloud services enable monitoring
For more information, see gcloud services.
Cloud Console
Go to APIs & services
 1. Select the project you will use to access the API.
 2. Click the Enable APIs and Service button.
 3. Search for "Monitoring".
 4. In the search results, click through to "Stackdriver Monitoring API".
 5. If "API enabled" is displayed, then the API is already enabled. If not, click the Enable button.
Authorizing use of the API
Access to the API is controlled by Identity and Access Management (IAM) roles and permissions. There is a permission associated with each method, and permissions for related methods are clustered into roles, which can then be granted to users. See Access control for more information.
Once access to the API is authorized, the API can be used from anywhere. For example, you can use the timeSeries.list method from your local workstation. You can also use the API to send metrics against any entity that can be represented as a monitored resource. See Choosing a monitored-resource type for the list of available types. However, the Cloud Monitoring agent is designed to run on a cloud VM and does not work on a local workstation.
If you are writing an application that uses the Monitoring API, the recommended client libraries authorize your application using Application Default Credentials. This hides authorization details from your application code.
You might also be able to use API keys in some situations, but service accounts are generally recommended. API keys are useful in clients like browsers and mobile applications that don't have a backend server. For more information, see Using API Keys.
You can find out more about authentication and authorization for Cloud APIs in our Authentication guide.
Using client libraries
After you have enabled and authorized the use of the API, you are ready to start writing code. See Client libraries to get started using the Monitoring client libraries.


text:
Jemmape is the name of a département of the First French Empire in present Belgium. It was named after the Battle of Jemappes, fought between the French and the Austrians in 1792 near the village Jemappes, near Mons. Jemappes was spelled Jemmape, Jemmapes or Jemmappes at the time. Its territory corresponds more or less with that of the Belgian province Hainaut. Its capital was Mons.
The département came into existence in 1795, when the Southern Netherlands were occupied by the French. The département de Jemmape was formed from most of the County of Hainaut, Tournai and the Tournaisis, a part of the county of Namur (Charleroi) and of the Bishopric of Liège (Thuin). See the 130 départements of the Napoleonic Empire.
- Mons, cantons: Boussu, Chièvres, Dour, Enghien, Lens, Le Roeulx, Mons, Pâturages and Soignies.
- Charleroi, cantons: Beaumont, Binche, Charleroi, Chimay, Fontaine-l'Evêque, Gosselies, Merbes-le-Château, Seneffe and Thuin.
- Tournai, cantons: Antoing, Ath, Celles, Ellezelles, Frasnes-lez-Anvaing, Lessines, Leuze-en-Hainaut, Péruwelz, Quevaucamps, Templeuve and Tournai.
After Napoleon was defeated in 1814, the département became part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands as the province of Hainaut. Its territory corresponds more or less with the present Belgian province Hainaut.
- Almanach Impérial, Testu, 1809 (accessed via Bibliothèque nationale de France).

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Assigning Your Own Unique IDs to Users
Managing identity (distinct_id) yourself.
User identification in Mixpanel is handled through a property called "distinct_id." Distinct_id must be sent with every event that you wish to tie to a user.
There are advantages to managing distinct_id yourself. Most importantly, it allows you to track the same user across platforms, browsers, and between server and client side events. In our JavaScript, Android , iOS , and Actionscript libraries you can manage this process through the use of super properties (via the identify functions). Super properties are simply properties that are appended by the library onto every event for a given user automatically. When sending server side events, however, you must keep track of which distinct_id value to send with each event on your own.
Identifying users from our JS/AS3 or mobile libraries
If you are sending events from a library that supports super properties, then you can assign a distinct_id value to a user by calling the identify method. When you identify a user, it changes the value for distinct_id in that user's super properties. This means that every subsequent event sent by that user will be attributed to the new id. This does not mean that events previously sent by that user will be attributed to the new id. They will remain in our system with the old id and cannot be edited.
Use caution when employing the identify method since it may break a funnel or diminish totals on a retention report. If, for instance, you identify a user in the middle of a funnel, the funnel will appear to break or under-report since Mixpanel will no longer be able to follow one distinct_id value through the entire sequence of events for that user. Identifying a user with the same distinct_id value they already have does not cause issues.
The most common place to use the identify method is when a user authenticates. In most cases you are simply calling the same distinct_id value that the user already has, which is fine. The goal is to ensure that all authenticated behavior is properly attributed to a given user regardless where they are located. However, it is true that for users who return with a new distinct_id value, the pre-authentication events will not be associated with the post authentication events. Luckily, in most cases the only funnel that spans both unauthenticated and authenticated events is your sign-up funnel, which can be accommodated using our aliasing feature.
Using Alias
Currently the Alias method is available for the JavaScript, iOS, and Android libraries (and for HTTP requests using the special "$create_alias" event). Alias allows you to continue using one distinct_id value throughout your signup funnel (and forever more) despite the fact that you'd like to begin using your internal value for distinct_id going forward. When you call alias, mixpanel will create a look-up table for the value you alias to. All subsequent events sent bearing that distinct_id will have their distinct_id values over-written with the original value that had been sent by the user before alias was called. More on alias here.
Important: do not fire alias every time a user authenticates. This is not how the method is designed to be used and will only cause problems. Alias should be called exactly once per user, at signup.
Identifying a user via HTTP
Since distinct_id is simply a property sent with every event to Mixpanel, there is no way to identify a user via HTTP. The Identify method makes a local change to the list of properties that get appended onto every subsequent event. If you would like to "identify" a user via HTTP, all you have to do is begin sending events with the desired distinct_id included in the properties.
Aliasing a user via HTTP
You can alias a user via HTTP by emulating the call being made by the JS library. It looks like this (before it's encoded to base64):
 {
 "event": "$create_alias",
 "properties": {
 "alias": "123"
 "distinct_id": "123456789ABCDEF0=="
 "time": _PHONE_,
 "token": "our-token"
 }
 }
The above JSON is dispatched in the data param in a call to our track endpoint. More on sending requests to the track endpoint here. The "distinct_id" param here is the pre-alias distinct_id, and the "alias" param is the alias to be added to the lookup table for that user.


Angular 2 – How to get template reference variable or directive instance inside component
In this post let us see how to get Angular 2 directive/child component instance inside the parent component class.
ViewChild in action
The ViewChild decorator can be used to achieve this requirement.
The ViewChild accepts either the directive type or the template reference variable as argument and set the directive instance to the target property after the view get initiated.
@Component({
 selector: 'child-cmp',
 template: '
child
'
})
class ChildCmp {
 doSomething() {}
}
@Component({
 selector: 'some-cmp',
 template: '<child-cmp></child-cmp>',
 directives: [ChildCmp]
})
class SomeCmp {
 @ViewChild(ChildCmp) child:ChildCmp;
 ngAfterViewInit() {
 // child is set
 this.child.doSomething();
 }
}
The ViewChild will set the target property once the component view get rendered hence accessing the property before the view get initiated will return inappropriate result.
You can use the ngViewAfterInit lifecycle hook to identify the view initialization.
Argument as Directive type vs template variable
Using argument as template variable ViewChild is best from my point of view as it will provide access to specific directive instance when having more than one directive in the template.
@Component({
 selector: 'some-cmp',
 template: '<child-cmp #child></child-cmp>',
 directives: [ChildCmp]
})
class SomeCmp {
 @ViewChild('child') child:ChildCmp;
 ngAfterViewInit() {
 // child is set
 this.child.doSomething();
 }
}
Happy Scripting.. 🙂
DOM creation and manipulation tips and tricks
In this post, I would like to share a simple DOM creation and manipulation technique which will provide some performance boost.
The goal of this post is to improve browser DOM manipulation performance by reducing unwanted reflow and repaint process. If you are unaware of them you should go through the below topic before getting started with this post.
Reflow and repaint
Use Document fragment
This is an already known technique. Using document fragment allow the separation of DOM creation from live document so that it will avoid unnecessary browser reflow and repaint.
var fragment= document.createDocumentFragment();
fragment.appendChild(document.createElement("div"));
Clone nodes
Cloning already created element using cloneNode. This will be helpful when creating large number of same element. Mostly likely it can be used while creating table tr elements from JSON.
var fragment= document.createDocumentFragment();
var div = document.createElement("div");
fragment.appendChild(div.cloneNode(false));
Batch DOM update
Always batch the DOM update. Batch the DOM changes will reduce browser reflow and repaint.
Using requestAnimationFrame for DOM changes
This technique will provide a considerable performance when changing the live document. requestAnimationFrame will be used to update the DOM changes when the next reflow/repaint happens.
Normally it is introduced to do smooth animation experience in browser but here we can use this to do a single DOM update.
requestAnimationFrame(function(){
 document.body.appendChild( document.createElement("div") );
});
Use insertAdjacentHTML instead of innerHTML
This will be used when we need to append dynamic content to the same element.
We can use the innerHTML as follows.
var div = document.createElement("div");
div.innerHTML ="Hi" //
Hi

div.innerHTML += " Dude"; //
Hi Dude

But the above one have significant performance impact as it needs to re-parse all the child element already present.
To overcome this we can use insertAdjacentHTML which will append the inner HTML without touching the other elements. It only parses the new HTML need to be appended.
var div = document.createElement("div");
div.innerHTML = "Hi"; //
Hi

div.insertAdjacentHTML("afterend", " Dude"); //
Hi Dude

Following the above methods will provide a better performance in most of the modern browsers.
Happy scripting….
Replace () as call back function
We know that the replace() method will return a new string based on the pattern and its corresponding replacement argument.
Here the pattern can be either general string or regular expression that we normally use. And for replacement argument in most cases we use string as replacement. But there is an extensible facility to use this replacement as call back function.
Here we go with a small example code snippets.
Code Snippets:
var numbers = '34 55 27 45 72',
type1 = numbers.replace(/\d+/g, '*'),
type2 = numbers.replace(/\d+/g, function (item) {
return +item < 50 ? '*' : item;
});
console.log("simple replace() : ", type1);
console.log("replace() with call back function : ", type2);
Fiddle Demo
Note:
The call back function will be invoked for the each matched set of an item, when the first parameter regular expression is declared as global.
Deleter – Node based directory removing tool
My first node package deleter, has been released. Its a CLI, which is used to remove directories. I come up with idea to create this when i faced difficulties in deleting node_modules from my node based applications.
Installation
npm install deleter -g
Since it is a CLI, global installation is preferred.
Usage
deleter <directory-name>
Example
deleter node_modules
Limitations
For now, its target for windows operating system and other OS will be considered in upcoming updates.

Why new keyword should be used while instantiating JavaScript class
The new keyword is used to instantiate prototypical class or other objects. But why we need new keyword to initialize it, when you to try to initialize it without new will not throw any error at all then why should I use new before my class to instantiate it.
The answer is simple new keyword will set the 'this' to the new object created using function instead of global scope".
If you didn't provided new keyword then the context will be set to window(global scope).
You can see the difference in the below code example.
var fn = function (){
 this.a = 2;
 return this;
}
Instantiating fn without new keyword.
 var f = fn(); //'this' refers window here.
Instantiating fn with new keyword.
 var f = new fn(); //'this' refer object created by 'fn' here.
Even though using new keyword is the best practice to instantiate class, most of the time, the users will skip them as it doesn't provide any error at all.
We can use the below simple workaround to enforce the instantiating process using new keyword. Then the above fn will become as below.
 var fn = function (){
 if(!(this instanceof fn)) //workaround to resolve this problem.
 return new fn();
 this.a = 2;
 return this;
}
Now instantiating without new will also set this to the current object.
 var f = fn(); //this refer to fn here.
Instantiating class/function without new keyword in ES6 will throw TypeError.
Happy Scripting… 🙂
Some alternative use of bit wise operators
In this blog, I am just going to share some of the alternative use of the bitwise operators.
1. Replace Math.floor with double ~~.
Even though JavaScript Math library is well optimized, we can use the bitwise operators to reduce some keystrokes.
~~3.4 //result : 3
2. Convert to Boolean using !!
Double NOT operator is used to convert any type into Boolean.
var d = &quot;Hi&quot;;
!!d //result : true
var f = null;
!!f //result : false
3. Swap values without temp variable using XOR.
It is the one of the common method used to swap two variables without using temp variable.
var a = 5, b= 6;
a ^= b; b ^= a; a ^= b; //result a = 6, b = 5;
4. Using left and right shift with 1 bit to perform multiply and division.
Left shifting a number 1 bit is equivalent to the result obtained by multiplying it by 2 and right shifting 1 bit is equivalent to dividing it by 2.
var d = 4, f = 6;
d >> 1 //result : 4 * 2 = 8
f << 1 //result : 6 / 2 = 3
5. Checking odd/even


text: Word pronunciations, consisting of phoneme sequences and the associated syllabification and stress patterns, are vital for both speech recognition and text-to-speech (TTS) systems. For speech recognition phoneme sequences for words may be learned from audio data. We train recurrent neural network (RNN) based models to predict the syllabification and stress pattern for such pronunciations making them usable for TTS. We find these RNN models significantly outperform naive rulebased models for almost all languages we tested. Further, we find additional improvements to the stress prediction model by using the spelling as features in addition to the phoneme sequence. Finally, we train a single RNN model to predict the phoneme sequence, syllabification and stress for a given word. For several languages, this single RNN outperforms similar models trained specifically for either phoneme sequence or stress prediction. We report an exhaustive comparison of these approaches for twenty languages.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Computing Projectile Size from Crater Diameter
H. Jay Melosh and Ross A. Beyer
This is a program to estimate the size of a projectile that made a gravity-dominated crater of the given size. Three different estimates are presented, but the pi-scaling method is currently considered the best!
Crater Descriptor
Enter the crater diameter in km
This diameter is: Transient Final
Projectile Descriptor
Enter the projectile density in kg/m3 or
Impact Conditions
Enter the impact velocity in km/sec or
Enter the impact angle in degrees
The impact angle is measured between the approach trajectory and a plane tangent to the surface. This angle is 90 degrees for a vertical impact.
Target Descriptors
Enter the target density in kg/m3 or
Enter the acceleration of gravity in m/sec2 or
Target Type
liquid water
loose sand
competent rock or saturated soil
PtyS/LPL Home Page
Web form processing provided by PIRL.
Last Updated: Decemmber 6, 1999


text:
Use this tutorial to learn how to have enemies, opponents, or NPCs look at the player in a top-down game.
Tommy Leung from Ourcade writes: "Are you making a top-down game where enemies or opponents should track or keep their eye on the player?
Maybe you have a turret that should face a moving target before firing?
You know that you need to rotate the turret but how do you know what that angle should be?
If you remember your trigonometry classes then you can probably figure it out but Phaser can do the math work for us!
In this article, we will show you how to get that angle using the player's position and the position of the enemy that should face the player."
The first book on the creation of HTML5 cross platform games using Phaser 3 and other free software.
- By Emanuele Feronato
- 155 Pages
- 28 Source Code Examples
- Build a complete game from start to finish
- Cross Platform
- Scaling for devices


Difference between revisions of "Cookbook"
From Octave
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 186: Line 186:

== Plotting ==

== Plotting ==
== User input ==
+
== Input/Ouput ==
 +

 +
=== Create a text table with fprintf===
 +
(A funny formatting trick with fprintf found by chance)
 +
Imagine that you want to create a text table with fprintf with 2 columns of 15 characters width and both right justified. How to do this thing?
 +

 +
That's easy:
 +

 +
If the variable Text is a cell array of strings (of length <15) with two columns and a certain number of rows, simply type for the kth row of Text
 +
fprintf('%15.15s | %15.15s\n', Text{k,1}, Text{k,2});
 +
The syntax '%<n>.<m>s' allocates '<n>' places to write chars and display the '<m>' first characters of the string to display.
 +

 +
Example:
 +
octave:1> Text={'Hello','World'};
 +
octave:2> fprintf('%15.15s | %15.15s\n', Text{1,1}, Text{1,2})
 +
 Hello | World
 +

 +
===Load comma separated values (*.csv) files===
 +

 +
A=textread("file.csv", "%d", "delimiter", ",");
 +
B=textread("file.csv", "%s", "delimiter", ",");
 +
inds = isnan(A);
 +
B(!inds) = num2cell(A(!inds))
 +

 +
This gets you a 1 column cell array. You can reshape it to the original size by using the reshape function
 +

 +
The next version of octave (3.6) implements the CollectOutput switch as seen in example 8 here: _URL_
Revision as of 05:48, 21 September 2012
An Octave cookbook. Each entry should go in a separate section and have the following subsection: problem, solution, discussion and maybe a see also.
Structures
Retrieve a field value from all entries in a struct array
Problem
You have a struct array with multiple fields, and you want to acess the value from a specific field from all elements. For example, you want to return the age from all patients in the following case:
 samples = struct ("patient", {"Bob", "Kevin", "Bob" , "Andrew"},
 "age", { 45 , 52 , 45 , 23 },
 "protein", {"H2B", "CDK2" , "CDK2", "Tip60" },
 "tube" , { 3 , 5 , 2 , 18 }
 );
Solution
Indexing the struct returns a comma separated list so use them to create a matrix.
 [samples(:).age]
This however does not keep the original structure of the data, instead returning all values in a single column. To fix this, use reshape().
 reshape ([samples(:).age], size (samples))
Discussion
Returning all values in a comma separated lists allows you to make anything out of them. If numbers are expected, create a matrix by enclosing them in square brackets. But if strings are to be expected, a cell array can also be easily generated with curly brackets
 {samples(:).patient}
You are also not limited to return all elements, you may use logical indexing from other fields to get values from the others:
 [samples([samples(:).age] > 34).tube] ## return tube numbers from all samples from patients older than 34
 [samples(strcmp({samples(:).protein}, "CDK2")).tube] ## return all tube numbers for protein CDK2
Input/output
Display matched elements from different arrays
Problem
You have two, or more, arrays with paired elements and want to print out a string about them. For example:
 keys = {"human", "mouse", "chicken"};
 values = [ 64 72 70 ];
and you want to display:
 Calculated human genome GC content is 64%
 Calculated mouse genome GC content is 72%
 Calculated chicken genome GC content is 70%
Solution
Make a two rows cell array, with each paired data in a column and supply a cs-list to printf
 values = num2cell (values);
 new = {keys{:}; values{:}};
 printf ("Calculated %s genome GC content is %i%%\n", new{:})
or in a single line:
 printf ("Calculated %s genome GC content is %i%%\n", {keys{:}; num2cell(values){:}}{:})

Discussion
printf and family do not accept cell arrays as values. However, they keep repeating the template given as long as it has enough arguments to keep going. As such, the trick is on supplying a cs-list of elements which can be done by using a cell array and index it with {}.
Since values are stored in column-major order, paired values need to be on the same column. A new row of data can then be added later with new(end+1,:) = {"Andrew", "Bob", "Kevin"}. Note that normal brackets are now being used for indexing.
Swap values
If you want to exchange the value between two variables without creating a dummy one, you can simply do:
Code: Swap values without dummy variable
[b,a] = deal (a,b);
Collect all output arguments of a function
If you have a function that returns several values, e.g.
function [a b c]= myfunc ()
 [a,b,c] = deal (1,2,3);
endfunction
and you want to collect them all into a single cell (similarly to Python's zip() function) you can do:
Code: Collect multiple output arguments
outargs = nthargout (1:3, @myfunc)
Mathematics
Find if a number is even/odd
Problem
You have a number, or an array or matrix of them, and want to know if any of them is an odd or even number, i.e., their parity.
Solution
Check the remainder of a division by two. If the remainder is zero, the number is odd.
 mod (value, 2) ## 1 if odd, zero if even
Since mod() acceps a matrix, the following can be done:
 any (mod (values, 2)) ## true if at least one number in values is even
 all (mod (values, 2)) ## true if all numbers in values are odd

 any (!logical (mod (values, 2))) ## true if at least one number in values is even
 all (!logical (mod (values, 2))) ## true if all numbers in values are even
Discussion
Since we are checking for the remainder of a division, the first choice would be to use rem(). However, in the case of negative numbers mod() will still return a positive number making it easier for comparisons. Another alternative is to use bitand (X, 1) or bitget (X, 1) but those are a bit slower.
Note that this solution applies to integers only. Non-integers such as 1/2 or 4.201 are neither even nor odd. If the source of the numbers are unknown, such as user input, some sort of checking should be applied for NaN, Inf, or non-integer values.
See also
Find if a number is an integer.
Parametrized Functions
Problem
One sometimes needs to define a family of functions depending on a set of parameters, e.g., where denote a the variables on which the function operates and are the parameters used to chose one specific element of the family of functions.
For example, let's say we need to compute the time evolution of the elongation of a spring for different values of the spring constant
Solution
We could solve the problem with the following code:
Code: Solve spring equation for different values of the spring constant
t = linspace (0, 10, 100);
function sprime = spring (s, t, k)
 x = s(1);
 v = s(2);
 sprime(1) = v;
 sprime(2) = -k * x;
endfunction
k = 1;
x1 = lsode (@(x, t) spring (x, t, k), [1;0], t)(:, 1);
k = 2;
x2 = lsode (@(x, t) spring (x, t, k), [1;0], t)(:, 2);
plot (t, x1, t, x2)
legend ('x1', 'x2')
Solparfun.png
Discussion
In the


text:
Fieldwork opportunities for occupational therapy students studying outside Canada
If you are an occupational therapy student studying outside of Canada and interested in a fieldwork placement in Canada, please note that you must:
- choose only one city/catchment area of Canada to inquire about a potential placement.
- arrange to have your home university fieldwork coordinator contact the Canadian university fieldwork coordinator for the catchment area in which you would like to have the placement*. – make this contact at least six months prior to the beginning of the placement.
- gather more information about the method of application, associated costs, student requirements, and placement availability from that particular Canadian university fieldwork coordinator.**
- get the contact information you need: Canadian university catchment areas and fieldwork coordinators
*Please note that students interested in fieldwork opportunities are not allowed to directly contact any Canadian fieldwork facilities or universities asking about placements. This is a strict rule throughout Canada for both Canadian and international students.
**The University of British Columbia is not involved with arranging placements for international students in British Columbia and the Yukon Territory. International students seeking placements in British Columbia or the Yukon must have their fieldwork coordinators contact the placement sites directly.
- Placements for international students within Toronto and surrounding Greater Toronto area are unlikely as these placements are in high demand by Canadian OT students and Canadian students are given priority over international students.
- Placement availability during the Canadian summer (Jul-Aug) is unlikely due to high demand and low capacity.


Vietnam cat meat trade revealed: Pets stolen, drowned, bludgeoned and boiled as appetite grows for animal flesh
More than a million cats are killed in Vietnam for their meat every year in a secretive, brutal and growing trade that risks spreading diseases to humans, an undercover investigation has found.
Pets and strays are stolen from the streets and even from people's homes, trafficked across the country without food or water, and slaughtered in unsanitary and agonising ways, according to campaigners.
Thieves have even clashed violently with cat owners, and in some cases have been reportedly killed in brawls.
The animals may be drowned, bludgeoned with a hammer, boiled alive or electrocuted, investigators for the Four Paws animal welfare organisation said. Their findings are based on months' worth of surveillance of holding areas, traffickers and restaurants, and speaking to traders.
A live cat is sold for around £5 a kg, and 1kg of raw meat costs £6.50. Restaurants offer dishes prepared with cat meat for about £5, the research found.
Black cats are worth even more: traders sell them alive for £6.50 a kg, and their meat can fetch £16.50 a kg.
Four Paws and the UK-based Change For Animals Foundation, which collaborated on the research, say cat meat dishes, known as "Little Tiger", are growing in popularity despite increasing pet ownership in Vietnam.
In January, a ban on slaughtering cats was scrapped, leading to a surge in demand for cat meat. It is especially popular in the north but is spreading south, as far as Ho Chi Minh City, the investigation found.
Earlier this year The Independent revealed how sales of dog and cat meat had risen in Vietnam and Cambodia since the outbreak of the coronavirus, because people believe it has "warming" properties that head off flu viruses.
Some restaurants buy animals directly from thieves and slaughter them on site, but most buy from wholesalers or slaughterhouses, according to the researchers. They believe the coastal tourist resorts of Da Nang and Hoi An in central Vietnam are hot spots for cat thefts.
"At the wholesalers we discovered many cats with collars — a clear sign that they were pets. During our research, we also met many pet owners who were desperately looking for their stolen cats," said Katherine Polak, a Four Paws expert and vet in Southeast Asia.
"Authorities usually turn a blind eye because they are often involved in the trade, either profiting from bribes or are consumers themselves."
Lola Webber, co-founder of Change For Animals Foundation, said: "In holding areas, wholesalers keep cats crammed into cages for days until they have enough to cover transport costs.
"Over hundreds of kilometres the cats are transported without water, food and sufficient ventilation to slaughterhouses scattered throughout Vietnam. Some wholesalers even use luggage compartments on regular passenger buses for the trafficking."
Up to 200 cats have been seen in cages on buses.
Many cats die of exhaustion, heat stroke, dehydration or injuries caused by their capture and transportation. After they are inhumanely killed, their fur is removed and the skin burned, before the carcasses are gutted and frozen.
Slaughterhouses are a perfect breeding ground for new diseases to emerge that could infect humans, with potentially catastrophic results, the campaigners say.
"Practices used in the cat meat trade could also potentially lead to the outbreak of zoonotic diseases, as we have seen with Covid-19, due to insanitary conditions, brutal and unhygienic treatment of animals, multi-species transport, holding and slaughtering facilities, and cross-border transportation and handling," said Dr Polak.
She said younger generations consider cat meat an exotic delicacy, but for older people, consumption is usually linked to customs, superstition and the lunar calendar. "Some locals are convinced that eating cat meat repels bad luck. Others eat it, especially from black cats, because they believe it has healing effects, although there is no scientific evidence for this."
The investigations identified northerly Hanoi and the Thai Binh province, with high numbers of restaurants, as popular places for eating the meat.
"We also know that many cats, often pre-killed and frozen, are coming in from Southern China as the cat population is decimated in Hanoi due to the trade," Dr Polak said.
"While the consumption of dog meat in Asia is increasingly being discussed in public, the equally brutal cat meat trade is still relatively unknown."
Two months ago a couple accused of poisoning dozens of pet dogs and cats with cyanide so that they could be butchered were arrested and charged with theft.
Four Paws and Change For Animals are calling on the Vietnamese government to reinstate the ban and strengthen laws to stop pet thefts.
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text:
Standard House Measurements
The standard house measurement in the United States is 2,349 square feet. That is double the figure during the 1950s. A look at the history of housing in the US reveals that house dimensions have increased as living standards went up.
18th Century Homes
Records show the first American homes were one storey, one room edifices made using European building techniques. These were remodeled to fit the topography and setting in the New World.
Most of these homes never went beyond 450 sq ft. As the years went by however, these homes were expanded. Around the 1850s, the houses were expanded. Most notably, the heights were increased by 12 inches or more.
19th Century Standard House Measurements
Many small row houses emerged during this time. These houses measured 20 feet across. These narrow homes would however, extend 40 feet back. As the years passed, the row houses became deeper. The 25 ft lots were segregated into three sections.
But many big homes were constructed during the 1800s. Many of them were between 2,200 and 2,800 sq ft. This is about the size of the typical home today. The bedrooms and other rooms became standardized around this time.
20th Century Homes
The oldest bungalow houses in the US measured 600 to 800 sq ft. The square footage of these early 20th century homes were minimized to make up for the costs of heating and plumbing. Around the 1950s, the average size was 1,000 sq ft. During the 1970s, the standard house measurements were 1500 sq ft.
While the house size is increasing, the lot size has been decreasing. In 1990, the typical lot size was 14,680 sq ft. In 1998, the average lot size shrank to 12,870 sq ft.
By 2010 the lot size will go down by another one thousand sq ft. By compassion, the average lot in the 1970s was 1,125 sq ft.
Important Measurements for House Designs
The average height for master bathroom cabinets is 29". However, some designers prefer a height of 35". For kids the height is usually 31". The standard bathroom cabinet depth is 18 to 20".
If you are going to install a chandelier, the installation height should be 30" over the table. This is for an 8 ft high ceiling. If the ceiling is over eight feet, the installation height should be 34 inches high.
For paintings, pictures and other hangings, it should be at eye level. In most cases that would be 65" from the ground.
The height of the average kitchen cabinet is 34-1/2" from the floor. The typical kitchen cabinet wall installation height is 18" off the countertop. That is equal to 54" above your floor.
The typical kitchen base cabinet is 24 inches wide. The standard kitchen wall cabinet is 12" wide. The kitchen countertop space from the sink is 18 to 30" for one side and 48 to 54" by the other.
These dimensions are suitable for the standard house measurements. If your home is smaller or bigger, you will have to make changes to the specifications.


text:
Ya'akov Gal, Avi Pfeffer
Reciprocity is a key determinant of human behavior and has been well documented in the psychological and behavioral economics literature. This paper shows that reciprocity has significant implications for computer agents that interact with people over time. It proposes a model for predicting people's actions in multiple bilateral rounds of interactions. The model represents reciprocity as a tradeoff between two social factors: the extent to which players reward and retaliate others' past actions (retrospective reasoning), and their estimate about the future ramifications of their actions (prospective reasoning). The model is trained and evaluated over a series of negotiation rounds that vary players' possible strategies as well as their benefit from potential strategies at each round. Results show that reasoning about reciprocal behavior significantly improves the predictive power of the model, enabling it to outperform alternative models that do not reason about reciprocity, or that play various game theoretic equilibria. These results indicate that computers that interact with people need to represent and to learn the social factors that affect people's play when they interact over time.
Subjects: 4. Cognitive Modeling; 7.1 Multi-Agent Systems
Submitted: Apr 24, 2007


text:
Three new species of the genus Centromerus from Italy, C. tongiorgii sp. nov., C. hanseni sp. nov., and C. gatoi sp. nov., are described for the first time on the basis of both male and female specimens. Their relationships with other congeneric species, as well as their diagnoses, are discussed using morphological characters. New records of poorly known species of Centromerus from Italy are furthermore reported. Among them, C. desmeti Bosmans, 1986 is reported for the first time for the Italian fauna and for continental Europe.
Apennines, Calabria, endemic species, Italian peninsula, new data

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Balanced circulants
Given interer $k \geq 1$ and $m \geq 1$, let us introduce a graph $G(k,m) = (V,E)$ with circular symmetry as follows: $V = {\bf Z}_n = \{0,1,...,n-1\}$, where $n = 4km$, and $(i,j) \in E$ iff
\begin{displaymath}i-j + 4mt = +1 \;\; or \, -1 \;\; (mod \; n)\end{displaymath}
for some integer $t$. E.g. if $k=5, m=2$ then $n = 40$ and $(i,j) \in E$ iff $i - j (mod \; 40) \in \{7,9; 15,17; 23,25; 31,33; 39,1\}.$
It is not difficult to check that $G(k,m)$ is balanced, i.e. it has no odd cycles, nor $(4i+2)$-holes. In fact, it may only contain holes of length 4 and $4m$. Moreover, every $(4i+2)$-cycle has at least two chords. Hence, $G(k,m) - e$ is still balanced for any edge $e$, in agreement with Conjecture 2 from the section "Balanced Graphs". Conjecture 1 of the same section also holds for $G(k,m)$. Indeed, if $k > 1$ then $S = \{0; 4mi+1, 4mi-1 \; \vert \; i = 1, \ldots,k\}$ is a star cutset: 0 is an isolated vertex in $\bar{G}[S]$, while $4mj$ is an isolated vertex in $G[V \setminus S]$ for every $j = 1, \ldots, k;$ and if $k=1$ then $G(k,m)$ is $4m$-cycle, that is a basic graph
CONJECTURE. Every non-empty balanced circulant is isomorphic to a $G(k,m)$.
Contributed by Diogo Andrade, Endre Boros, and Vladimir Gurvich
Back to the main index for Perfect Graphs.


text:
Recommended Year Group: Year 10 / 11 / 12 / 13
Recommended Group Size: Year group
Duration: 30 Mins - 1 Hour
- To introduce the students to vocational progression routes.
- To demonstrate the kind of careers that vocational training can lead to.
Students will :
- Gain a better understanding of what is meant by vocational training and the options it offers.
- Be better informed about the short and long term benefits of a vocational route.
- Understand how apprenticeships are structured.
- The detail relating to pay and minimum wage will need to be kept updated.
- The contact details for local FE colleges will need to be kept updated and any specific information on their application procedures can be added as required.


text:
Background: Desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) is an innovative approach in clinical trials to evaluate the global benefits and risks of an intervention. We developed and validated a DOOR endpoint for Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (BSI) through a survey to infectious diseases clinicians and secondary analysis of trial data.
Methods: We administered a survey of 20 cases of S. aureus BSI, asking respondents to rank outcomes by global desirability. Correlations and percentage of pairwise agreement among rankings were estimated to inform development of a DOOR endpoint, which was applied to 2 prior S. aureus BSI trials. The probability that a patient randomly assigned to experimental treatment would have a better DOOR ranking than if assigned to control was estimated. Results were also analyzed using partial credit, which is analogous to scoring an academic test, assigning 100% to the most desirable outcome, 0% to the least, and "partial credit" to intermediate ranks.
Results: Forty-two recipients (97%) completed the survey. The DOOR endpoint fitting these rankings (r = 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.67 to 0.94) incorporated survival plus cumulative occurrence of adverse events, cure, infectious complications, and ongoing symptoms. Tailored versions of this endpoint were applied to 2 S. aureus BSI trials, and both demonstrated no benefit of the experimental treatment using DOOR and partial credit analysis.
Conclusions: Using S. aureus BSI as an exemplar, we developed a DOOR endpoint that can be used as a template for development of DOOR endpoints for other diseases. Future trials can incorporate DOOR to allow for global assessment of patient experience.


Saba People Cloud provides for settings changes through the UI for theme styles and labels. This may not be suffiicient to achieve the workflow and usability improvements you need. To do more significant theme changes, you can use css and jQuery in the footer HTML file that can be uploaded to each theme. jQuery can make changes to elements based on their order in the DOM, on what comes before or after, or on the text of a link or within a table cell. It can also make functional changes that are impossible with CSS alone. For example, Saba links often truncate the Course titles, forcing the user to hover over the link to see the full title. We used jQuery to pull the full text of the link back into the link text to make it more useable.
Note that you must use non-conflicting jQuery calls to avoid interfering with Saba's existing code (example non-conflicting jQuery wrapper is shown below, highlighted in yellow), and everything needs to be tested extensively in every browser your learners are likely to use. Also, some of the changes interfered at first (in Chrome only) with Saba's Ajax search box. However this turned out to be something of a problem with their code and Saba fixed it for us.
This screenshot of a Certification Detail page shows a few of the changes resulting from the code below. Typography and spacing changes are shown, the big green "Register" buttons, and the swapped enrollment status colors are shown.
Saba theme changes
Some of the theme changes from a footer.html file I've been working on are shown below. These alter the Cloud Theme.
<style>
 /*swap the green/gray complete, not enrolled colors to match what our users will expect*/
 .sbCompleteCell {
 background-color: #EBEBEB;
 vertical-align: middle;
 }
 .sbNotEnrolledCell {
 background-color: #DEF4D9;
 vertical-align:middle;
 }
 .sbContainerPageHeadingText {
 font-size:18px;
 }
 .sbBoxDarkBorder{
 background:none;
 border-top:1px solid #CCCCCC;
 }
 /*change Register buttons to bright green web 2.0-style buttons (see screenshot)*/
 .registerbtn {
 -moz-box-shadow:inset 0px 1px 0px 0px #caefab;
 -webkit-box-shadow:inset 0px 1px 0px 0px #caefab;
 box-shadow:inset 0px 1px 0px 0px #caefab;
 background:-webkit-gradient( linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0.05, #77d42a), color-stop(1, #5cb811) );
 background:-moz-linear-gradient( center top, #77d42a 5%, #5cb811 100% );
 filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr="#77d42a", endColorstr="#5cb811");
 background-color:#77d42a;
 -webkit-border-top-left-radius:0px;
 -moz-border-radius-topleft:0px;
 border-top-left-radius:0px;
 -webkit-border-top-right-radius:0px;
 -moz-border-radius-topright:0px;
 border-top-right-radius:0px;
 -webkit-border-bottom-right-radius:0px;
 -moz-border-radius-bottomright:0px;
 border-bottom-right-radius:0px;
 -webkit-border-bottom-left-radius:0px;
 -moz-border-radius-bottomleft:0px;
 border-bottom-left-radius:0px;
 text-indent:0;
 border:1px solid #268a16;
 display:inline-block;
 color:#306108;
 font-family:Arial;
 font-size:15px;
 font-weight:bold;
 font-style:normal;
 height:40px;
 line-height:40px;
 width:100px;
 text-decoration:none;
 text-align:center;
 text-shadow:1px 1px 0px #aade7c;
 }
 .registerbtn:hover {
 background:-webkit-gradient( linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0.05, #5cb811), color-stop(1, #77d42a) );
 background:-moz-linear-gradient( center top, #5cb811 5%, #77d42a 100% );
 filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr="#5cb811", endColorstr="#77d42a");
 background-color:#5cb811;
 }
.registerbtn:active {
 position:relative;
 top:1px;
 }
</style>
<script src='//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.10.2/jquery.min.js'></script>
<script>
//keep IE8 from choking if I forget to remove out a console.log debugging line
if (typeof console == "undefined" || typeof console.log == "undefined") var console = { log: function() {} };
//use non-conflicting jquery wrapper:
var jq = jQuery.noConflict();
jq(document).ready( function($){
 /*make HTML in knowledgebase file description - render correctly*/
 if($("div.sbMainContentArea.wdk_inventoryDetail").length>0){
 var aa = $("div.sbMainContentArea.wdk_inventoryDetail span.sbOptionalInputLabel:contains('Description')").parent("td").next().find("span.sbAttributeValue");
 $("div.sbMainContentArea.wdk_inventoryDetail span.sbOptionalInputLabel:contains('Description')").parent("td").next().find("span.sbAttributeValue").html($(aa).text());
 }
 /*Certifications Detail changes*/
 if($("div.sbMainContentArea.wdk_learnerCertificationDetail").length>0){
 /*hide the More Actions widget on the certification detail page only*/
 $("div.wdk_learnerCertificationDetail table[name*='navtable']").css("display","none");
 /*hide main tab bar Note: remove() and css fail on parents("table")[0] - remove fails in IE and css fails in FF*/
 /*_URL_
 $("div.sbMainContentArea.wdk_learnerCertificationDetail div.sbMultiSectionTopContainer").parent().parent().parent().parent().css("display","none");
 /*gray out "request learning links on certification detail page*/
 $("div.sbMainContentArea.wdk_learnerCertificationDetail a.sbLinkGeneral:contains('RequestLearning')").css("font-size","9pt !important").css("color","#CCCCCC");
 /*Make Register links in Cert table look like green buttons */
 $("span.sbLinkTableDisplay a.sbLinkTableDisplay:contains('Register')").addClass("registerbtn");
 $("span.sbLinkTableDisplay a.sbLinkTableDisplay:contains('View Progress')").addClass("registerbtn");
 /*make "Sections" heading in certs bigger and add space to separate it from stuff above*/
 $( "td.sbContainerPageHeadingText:contains('Sections')" ).css( { "font-size":"24px", "padding-top":"24px" });
 if($("div.wdk_teamCertificationMatrix").length>0){
 $("th.sbListHeaderCell").attr('nowrap'


text:
When you look at it from broader perspective it is a from of 3d printer which prints with carbon fiber, it just needs to be upgraded and developed to be able to print non-rotating shapes with full x/y/z movement or at least to reinforce ABS/PLA parts with carbon fiber applied on their surface.
There were similar solutions on the beginning of DIY 3d printing machines development like this 3d printer which printed silicone on rotating tube:
There were successful applications of epoxy surface glued Kevlar and carbon fibers on regular ABS/PLA 3d printed parts which gave them amazing strength:
For next level in carbon printing we need to bring those concepts in a single machine.
Hopefully there will be someone to develop this idea further.
X-winder home page:
X-winder PDF brochure:
|X-winder technical specifications for standard 4 foot model and expanded 8 foot model|


text:
The conditions of a solitary bird are five:
- The first, that it flies to the highest point;
- The second, that it does not suffer for company, not even of its own kind;
- The third, that it aims its beak to the skies;
- The fourth, that it does not have a definite color;
- The fifth, that it sings very softly.
San Juan de la Cruz
Clicked this snap during the monsoons in 2009, loved the painting effect this snap gives with a solitary bird flying high.
View full image for "The Conditions of a Solitary Bird"


Kids' Choice Awards Quizzes | Ashley Judd Quiz: Judd-ge how well you know Ashley!
Can you earn your wings in this KCA trivia quiz? Test your knowledge on Ashley Judd and her movie "The Tooth Fairy!"
Tags: trivia2011 KCA
 - What is the name of Ashley Judd's character in "The Tooth Fairy?"
 - What is Ashley's nickname?
 - Ashley is fluent in what language?
 - When Ashley is stressed out from her busy acting career, what does she do to relax?
 - What was Ashley's birth name?
 - Ashley's mother and sister are both what?
 - What are the names of Ashley's on-screen children in the movie, The Tooth Fairy?
 - What scene in The Tooth Fairy is Ashley's favorite?
 - How tall is Ashley?
 - Ashley has a dog named _____ and a cat named______?
Nick Wheels & Automobiles
Defend Your Kingdom!


Symfony
Tutoriels sur le framework Symfony
Quelle est la méthode la plus couramment utilisée pour contrôler les fonctionnalités de Symfony ?
Symfony est un framework open source pour le développement d'applications Web et d'API. Il permet aux développeurs de créer des applications Web riches et puissantes et de les déployer rapidement. Il est conçu pour être facile à apprendre et à utiliser, et fournit un grand nombre d'outils et de bibliothèques pour le développement. Avec Symfony,
Quelle est la méthode la plus couramment utilisée pour contrôler les fonctionnalités de Symfony ? Lire la suite »
How to Call jQuery in Your Twig Files with Webpack and Symfony
Uncaught ReferenceError: jQuery is not defined If you encountered this error message in your console of a Symfony project using Webpack, it is very likely that you are using jQuery in the following way in your project : Your case In the app.js file you probably called jQuery like this : And then you wanted to call in your twig jQuery file this way
How to Call jQuery in Your Twig Files with Webpack and Symfony Lire la suite »
Symfony, Doctrine | Retrieve old data of FormType
Method for recovering old data from a FormType under Symfony You need to recover old data from an Entity in Symfony to do some processing such as managing a history or other? I will present you a method that uses Unit Of Work to compare old data of data sent via the form created by FormType. Use Unit Of Work from Doctrine To retrieve old data it is
Symfony, Doctrine | Retrieve old data of FormType Lire la suite »
Symfony Get difference between two dates in MySQL with Doctrine (Day, month, year…)
How to have the difference between two dates in MySQL and Doctrine? You have to use the TimeStampDiff method which takes 3 parameters (the unit, the first date, the second date) and returns a number corresponding to the difference in unit between the dates. For example: See more details on this link which explains in detail the SQL function TIMESTAMPDIFF How to use
Symfony Get difference between two dates in MySQL with Doctrine (Day, month, year…) Lire la suite »
Symfony FormType Choice | Set data default to group of radio button
How to set a default value to a ChoiceType radio button group under Symfony 4+? Currently you probably use the forms this way: This gives you as a result a group of 3 radio buttons with only one possible choice, but if you put directly here a default value, it will overwrite the values of the entity if you want to change it afterwards.
Symfony FormType Choice | Set data default to group of radio button Lire la suite »
Generate a CSV file for Excel with Symfony
It's a common practice on web applications to extract data via CSV, whether it's to retrieve statistics or to make data backups, I'll show you how this is easily done with Symfony via a Controller. How to generate the CSV file with a Symfony Controller To generate the file, it must be constructed as in the following example, by defining the columns of the CSV file with
Generate a CSV file for Excel with Symfony Lire la suite »


Wikia
StarCraft Wiki
Robot
Talk9
5,371pages on
this wiki
Colossus SC2 Cncpt1
Protoss colossi and reavers
Robot units are StarCraft units that consist entirely of mechanical components, run by AI. They are a subclass of the mechanical unit type.
SpiderMine SC2-WoL Story1
Spider mines
The zerg do not have robotic units, and there are relatively few types among the terrans (e.g. spider mines and warbots). The protoss have an entire structure (the robotics facility) devoted entirely to producing robotic units like reavers or colossi.
Robots are vulnerable to a variety of effects (such as a ghost's Lockdown ability) and are immune to effects that affect organic units (such as a science vessel's Irradiate ability) and even some effects that affect mechanical units (such as a queen's Spawn Broodling ability).
See AlsoEdit
Around Wikia's network
Random Wiki


text: This paper describes economic developments in Mongolia during the 1990s. Real GDP growth accelerated to 6 percent in 1995, the second year of positive growth since the transition to a market economy commenced. The main impetus to growth was again provided by the strong performance of agriculture, industry, mining, and construction. There was a record increase in livestock population, mainly in the more valuable cashmere goats. The number of new private industrial enterprises continued to grow, while ownership and management changes at some large state-owned enterprises helped stem the decline of output in that sector.


text:
|Oracle® OLAP DML Reference
11g Release 2 (11.2)
Part Number E17122-05
Tip:The current object definition is the definition of the object that has been most recently defined or considered during the current session. To make an object definition the current definition, use a CONSIDER statement.
The text of the description you want to assign to the definition. When text is omitted, any existing description for the current definition is deleted.
You can create a multiline description by using a hyphen as a continuation character. However, you cannot create a description with an initial blank line with an LD statement.
Example 10-13 Adding a Description to the Definition of a Variable
This example changes the description associated with the variable
units. First, execute the CONSIDER statement to make
units the current definition. Then use a LD statement to assign a new description. The
units variable has the following definition.
DEFINE units VARIABLE INTEGER LD Actual Unit Shipments
CONSIDER units ld Actual Unit Shipments for Each Division DESCRIBE units
produce the following definition for
DEFINE units VARIABLE INTEGER LD Actual Unit Shipments for Each Division


Text::Pangram - utilities to find English pangrams
Version 0.01
use Text::Pangram;
my $text = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."; my $pangram = Text::Pangram->new( $text );
print "Pangram!\n" if $pangram->is_pangram;
if ($pangram->find_pangram_window) { print "Smallest window is ". $pangram->window_length " characters:\n"; print $pangram->window. "\n"; } else { print "Not a pangram!\n"; }
A pangram is a text that contains every letter of the alphabet. This module provides utilities for identifying pangrams.
Constructor. Receives the text that will be analyzed.
Returns true if the supplied text is a pangram.
Finds the shortest "pangrammatic window" in a text: the shortest span of text that contains a pangram. It is designed to be fast when scanning large texts.
The method will return false if the text does not contain a pangram at all. If the text is pangrammatic, $pangram will allow you to access three pieces of data:
The length of the shortest pangrammatic window.
The pangrammatic window from the original text.
The stripped text of the pangrammatic window. (That is, with all nonalphabetic characters stripped out.)
Jesse Sheidlower <>
Please report any bugs or feature requests to bug-text-pangram at, or through the web interface at I will be notified, and then you'll automatically be notified of progress on your bug as I make changes.
Extend to handle non-English text, other alphabets, etc.
Thanks to Adam Turoff, Ben Rosengart, and Perrin Harkins for help and suggestions.
Copyright (c) 2014 Jesse Sheidlower.


Almost Sure
15 November 16
Optional Processes
The optional sigma-algebra, {\mathcal{O}}, was defined earlier in these notes as the sigma-algebra generated by the adapted and right-continuous processes. Then, a stochastic process is optional if it is {\mathcal{O}}-measurable. However, beyond the definition, very little use was made of this concept. While right-continuous adapted processes are optional by construction, and were used throughout the development of stochastic calculus, there was no need to make use of the general definition. On the other hand, optional processes are central to the theory of optional section and projection. So, I will now look at such processes in more detail, starting with the following alternative, but equivalent, ways of defining the optional sigma-algebra. Throughout this post we work with respect to a complete filtered probability space {(\Omega,\mathcal{F},\{\mathcal{F}_t\}_{t\in{\mathbb R}_+},{\mathbb P})}, and all stochastic processes will be assumed to be either real-valued or to take values in the extended reals {\bar{\mathbb R}={\mathbb R}\cup\{\pm\infty\}}.
Theorem 1 The following collections of sets and processes each generate the same sigma-algebra on {{\mathbb R}_+\times\Omega}.
{{[\tau,\infty)}: {\tau} is a stopping time}.
 - {Z1_{[\tau,\infty)}} as {\tau} ranges over the stopping times and Z over the {\mathcal{F}_\tau}-measurable random variables.
 - The cadlag adapted processes.
 - The right-continuous adapted processes.
 - The optional-sigma algebra was previously defined to be generated by the right-continuous adapted processes. However, any of the four collections of sets and processes stated in Theorem 1 can equivalently be used, and the definitions given in the literature do vary. So, I will restate the definition making use of this equivalence.
 Definition 2 The optional sigma-algebra, {\mathcal{O}}, is the sigma-algebra on {{\mathbb R}_+\times\Omega} generated by any of the collections of sets/processes in Theorem 1.
 A stochastic process is optional iff it is {\mathcal{O}}-measurable.
 (more…)
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 25 October 16
 Optional Projection For Right-Continuous Processes
 In filtering theory, we have a filtered probability space {(\Omega,\mathcal{F},\{\mathcal{F}_t\}_{t\ge 0},{\mathbb P})} and a signal process {\{X_t\}_{t\in{\mathbb R}_+}}. The sigma-algebra {\mathcal{F}_t} represents the collection of events which are observable up to and including time t. The process X is not assumed to be adapted, so need not be directly observable. For example, we may only be able to measure an observation process {Z_t=X_t+\epsilon_t}, which incorporates some noise {\epsilon_t}, and generates the filtration {\mathcal{F}_t}, so is adapted. The problem, then, is to compute an estimate for {X_t} based on the observable data at time t. Looking at the expected value of X conditional on the observable data, we obtain the following estimate for X at each time {t\in{\mathbb R}_+},
 \displaystyle Y_t={\mathbb E}[X_t\;\vert\mathcal{F}_t]{\rm\ \ (a.s.)} (1)
 The process Y is adapted. However, as (1) only defines Y up to a zero probability set, it does not give us the paths of Y, which requires specifying its values simultaneously at the uncountable set of times in {{\mathbb R}_+}. Consequently, (1) does not tell us the distribution of Y at random times. So, it is necessary to specify a good version for Y.
 Optional projection gives a uniquely defined process which satisfies (1), not just at every time t in {{\mathbb R}_+}, but also at all stopping times. The full theory of optional projection for jointly measurable processes requires the optional section theorem. As I will demonstrate, in the case where X is right-continuous, optional projection can be done by more elementary methods.
 Throughout this post, it will be assumed that the underlying filtered probability space satisfies the usual conditions, meaning that it is complete and right-continuous, {\mathcal{F}_{t+}=\mathcal{F}_t}. Stochastic processes are considered to be defined up to evanescence. That is, two processes are considered to be the same if they are equal up to evanescence. In order to apply (1), some integrability requirements need to imposed on X. Often, to avoid such issues, optional projection is defined for uniformly bounded processes. For a bit more generality, I will relax this requirement a bit and use prelocal integrability. Recall that, in these notes, a process X is prelocally integrable if there exists a sequence of stopping times {\tau_n} increasing to infinity and such that
 \displaystyle 1_{\{\tau_n > 0\}}\sup_{t < \tau_n}\lvert X_t\rvert (2)
 is integrable. This is a strong enough condition for the conditional expectation (1) to exist, not just at each fixed time, but also whenever t is a stopping time. The main result of this post can now be stated.
 Theorem 1 (Optional Projection) Let X be a right-continuous and prelocally integrable process. Then, there exists a unique right-continuous process Y satisfying (1).
 Uniqueness is immediate, as (1) determines Y, almost-surely, at each fixed time, and this is enough to uniquely determine right-continuous processes up to evanescence. Existence of Y is the important part of the statement, and the proof will be left until further down in this post.
 The process defined by Theorem 1 is called the optional projection of X, and is denoted by {{}^{\rm o}\!X}. That is, {{}^{\rm o}\!X} is the unique right-continuous process satisfying
 \displaystyle {}^{\rm o}\!X_t={\mathbb E}[X_t\;\vert\mathcal{F}_t]{\rm\ \ (a.s.)} (3)
 for all times t. In practise, the process X will usually not just be right-continuous, but will also have left limits everywhere. That is, it is cadlag.
 Theorem 2 Let X be a cadlag and prelocally integrable process. Then, its optional projection is cadlag.
 A simple example of optional projection is where {X_t} is constant in t and equal to an integrable random variable U. Then, {{}^{\rm o}\!X_t} is the cadlag version of the martingale {{\mathbb E}[U\;\vert\mathcal{F}_t]}. (more…)
 14 July 10
 Feller Processes
 The definition of Markov processes, as given in the previous post, is much too general for many applications. However, many of the processes which we study also satisfy the much stronger Feller property. This includes Brownian motion, Poisson processes, Lévy processes and Bessel processes, all of which are considered in these notes. Once it is known that a process is Feller, many useful properties follow such as, the existence of cadlag modifications, the strong Markov property, quasi-left-continuity and right-continuity of the filtration. In this post I give the definition of Feller processes and prove the existence of cadlag modifications, leaving the further properties until the next post.
 The definition of Feller processes involves putting continuity constraints on the transition function, for which it is necessary to restrict attention to processes lying in a topological space {(E,\mathcal{T}_E)}. It will be assumed that E is locally compact, Hausdorff, and has a countable base (lccb, for short). Such spaces always possess a countable collection of nonvanishing continuous functions {f\colon E\rightarrow{\mathbb R}} which separate the points of E and which, by Lemma 6 below, helps us construct cadlag modifications. Lccb spaces include many of the topological spaces which we may want to consider, such as {{\mathbb R}^n}, topological manifolds and, indeed, any open or closed subset of another lccb space. Such spaces are always Polish spaces, although the converse does not hold (a Polish space need not be


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In this section, you will learn to hide the root node of a JTree.
Description of the Program:
The following program helps to hide the root node of the Jtree component. This program creates a tree that contains multiple nodes where the root node is kept hidden. The getProperty() method determines the current system properties. This method returns the multiple data of system that will be displayed in a node. For hiding root node we set the setRootVisible is 'false'.
Here is the code of this program:
Output this program:
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text: Perinatal nursing and neonatal nursing both have a scientific base upon which to base care, and great strides have been made in translating research into practice in both of these specialties. However, barriers still exist for nurses in implementing evidence-based perinatal and neonatal care. Patient, provider, and systems factors that influence how evidence is translated into practice are discussed. Suggestions for how to implement practice change when evidence is inadequate are also discussed. Finally, examples of how the scientific base for both perinatal nursing and neonatal nursing can be more efficiently implemented are outlined on the basis of the state of implementation science in the United States today.


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MyReporter finds out when there was Christmas snow in Wilmington
Q: When was the last time Wilmington had a white Christmas?
A: Believe it or not, the National Weather Service website has a page dedicated to Christmas climatology.
According to that page, a trace of snow fell on Christmas Day in only two years — 1948 and 1999 — in Wilmington. Unfortunately, an inch of snow on the ground is required to declare a white Christmas, the weather service page says.
That doesn't mean there wasn't snow on the ground on Christmas Day from a previous snowfall. For example, the highest snow depth on Christmas Day in Wilmington was 13 inches in 1989. That also was the Christmas Day when the mercury dipped to zero, making it the coldest temperature ever recorded in Wilmington since records began in 1874.
Other fun weather facts about Christmas Days in Wilmington:
The warmest — 77 degrees in 1955.
The coldest high temperature — 26 in 1983.
The warmest high temperature — 77 in 1955.
The coldest average temperature — 17.5 in 1983.
The warmest average temperature — 69.5 in 1964.
The most precipitation — 2.26 inches in 2006.
– Jim Ware


What Makes a Supercar?
What Makes a Supercar?
By Ryan Hooper
Asking what makes a car super is like asking, what makes a woman beautiful - everyone has its own opinion.
A term supercar was coined to describe extremely expensive, extremely beautiful and extremely fast cars. But the proper use of this term is often subjective and disputed, especially among enthusiasts. There is no clear definition of what characteristics a car must have to be a supercar. What constitutes a supercar is often a matter of opinion. Also, the use of the term is heavily dependent on the era - a car that is considered to be a supercar at one time may lose its superiority in the future.
It is also important to know that the term refers to factory-built, usually unmodified, street-legal cars. Heavily modified and potentially street - illegal vehicles do not fall into the supercar category. Supercars are not muscle cars or tuned up sports cars. And there is no such thing as a cut price supercar.
A supercar is a car that combines speed, handling, unique design and represents the pinnacle of the automaker's art. It is the car equivalent of a supermodel or a race horse. There are, off course, some basic criteria for measuring whether a car should be considered a supercar or not. Things to consider: design, acceleration, top speed, handling, power-to-weight ratio, style, rarity, price - all of these has to be super in a supercar.
Want an example? Here is a prime example - The Bugatti Veyron.
The Bugatti Veyron is currently (2007) the most expensive (around $1.5 million) and fastest fully street legal car in the world. The Guinness Book of World Records included Bugatti Veyron under the heading - Fastest Production Car. With 1001 horsepower this supercar champion features all the most recent automotive advancements and is able to achieve a top speed of 253 mph (407km/h). This is faster than any production car ever made, it's actually faster than Formula 1 cars. Supercars are not just fast, they are blazingly fast.
Other supercars include: Koenigsegg CCX, Pagani Zonda, McLaren F1, Saleen S7 Twin Turbo, Enzo Ferrari, Lamborghini Murcielago and so on.
On the fun side, if you ever doubt whether a car is a supercar or not, consider this:
A car might be a supercar if:
 - you have a wallpaper or a poster of it
 - it's worth more than your house
 - you drool when you see one
 - it can break the speed limit in 1st gear
 - you will probably never own one,
 - but if you do, you would never give the keys to the valet.
In conclusion, a supercar is a car that changes your idea of what a car is and what a car can do.
Ryan Hooper is a car lover and a big admirer of the first true American supercar: Saleen S7 [_URL_]
Article Source: _URL_


How Samsung uses AI to improve photos taken on the Galaxy S21
How Samsung uses AI to improve photos taken on the Galaxy S21
In our reviews, we made clear that the Galaxy S21 Ultra and the S21+ are capable of capturing excellent photos. While the camera sensors do play a part in this, modern photography is now also a lot about AI and image processing and that is exactly what Samsung reveals in a blog post that details how the AI-algorithm works on the new Samsung flagships.
 - Samsung reveals specific details about the AI post-processing of its photos
 - It involves the camera detecting faces and separating them from their surroundings before editing them
 - Blurred backgrounds in portraits are also more accurate and feature a sharpening gradient
It's always exciting to see what technology smartphone manufacturers use to improve the images on their latest smartphones. Samsung, in its blog post, details the magic it uses to improve portraits captured on its phones in fair detail.
Behind the Snapshot S21 AI main1
The software uses masks to separate faces and enhance fine details / © Samsung
First of all, it's all about making faces look natural and a little bit out of the subject at the same time. To do this, the software detects the two faces of the subjects and separates them from the rest of the image for post-processing. Samsung then uses "natural enhancements" to tweak things like the eyes, hair, face shape, and white balance to create natural faces. Here, Samsung basically takes the same approach as it does with manual digital photo editing, which also uses masks to tweak only certain areas of the image.
Precise portrait mode with sharpness gradient
Masks are also about blurring backgrounds. It's been a trend in camera smartphones for a few years now to mimic the depth of field of portrait lenses with a small open aperture, and in fact it worked very well in my review of the Galaxy S21+. For portraits, Samsung takes advantage of the depth information gained from the Time-of-Flight sensor on the S21 Ultra and the additional and slightly differently positioned cameras on the S21+.
As with the faces in the first example, Samsung's camera software creates a mask and then optimizes the transition between subject and background. By using a tri-mask consisting of background, subject and the area of transition, Samsung can also identify hair with greater accuracy and omit it when blurring.
Hauswand Portraet Galaxy S21 Plus
Even though Samsung messes up the bars on the left side of the image, the sharpness gradient is killer! / © NextPit
At the same time, the software segments subjects if they are at different distances from the camera. This explains the quite natural-looking sharpness gradient you can see in my test photo of the Galaxy S21.
Source: Samsung
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Derry Lodge is the (boarded up) 19th century shooting lodge in lower Gleann Doire on Mar Lodge Estate, Aberdeenshire. It stands on the 'peninsula' between Uisge an Doire and the Laoigh.
Derry Lodge is surrounded by hand-planted pines ; planted at least as early as 1860. The strange ground-plan of the lodge gives away its phased-construction, with the 'wing' facing south being the original lodge, and the wing facing the approach from Eas Dé being added last.
In 1850 Francis D'Arcy-Osborne, 7th Duke of Leeds was renting the 'old forest' from James, 4th Earl Fife - the site now occupied by Derry Lodge was (and is) in the heart of the old forest, and it's unlikely that work on Derry Lodge would have begun while the old forest was in the hands of a tenant. An account of a visit to Gleann Laoigh Beag, and Gleann Doire about 1850 significantly makes no reference to a shooting lodge in the area. In Grierson (1851) the author describes his visit to the area - writing :
I spent the night very comfortably, and, after an early breakfast, went up Glen Derry with my entertainer and his assistant, on their customary rounds. Glen Derry and Lui-Beg are unlike anything one meets with even in the Highlands. The forester's house is the only one they contain
– Grierson (1851) (p198)
The lease held by the Duke of Leeds almost certainly expired sometime before the mid-1850s, and I don't think the striking resemblance between bridge over Eas Dé (opened in 1857), and Derry Lodge is a coincidence.
By 1859 a shooting-lodge of some description had certainly been built ; and it was certainly fit for a queen. In Victoria (1877) - the author describes returning from the summit of Ben Macdui in 1859 - writing :
By a quarter-past six o'clock we got down to the Shiel of the Derry, where we found some tea, which we took in the ''shiel,'' [footnote explaining term] and started again by moonlight at about half-past six.
– Victoria (1877) (p138)
The shooting lodges of the 18th century were bigger, but often no more sophisticated than the shieling huts they made redundant as land-use changed from traditional agriculture to deer forest. The 'shiel' reference is a quaintism the Victorians continued the use of in reference to shooting lodges.
By 1861 the name Derry Lodge appears in the census, when it was occupied by the 24 year old deer watcher Hugh McCrostie, and evidently in use. In Crombie (1861) the author refers to the lodge - writing :
we have driven on for two or three miles, and entered at a gate into a young fir plantation, surrounded by a high paling to keep out the deer, at the end of which we find ourselves beside a neat hunting-shieling of Lord Fife
– Crombie (1861) (p130)
The south-facing wing appears to have been the Derry Lodge when it was built in the mid to late 1850s - the west, and east-facing wings were later addions.
By 1866 when the area was surveyed by the Ordnance Survey, the west-facing wing had been added since an L-shaped Derry Lodge is shown on the old 6-inch map (1869) based on that survey.
In the 1880s Donald Fraser became the resident keeper at the lodge. He lived there for over twenty years with his wife Elizabeth, and daughter Mary until his death in 1913. Donald must have been well known to earlier generations of Cairngormers - being referred to often in the books of Seton Gordon, and articles in the Cairngorm Club Journal.
Evidently the Frasers had lived in Derry Lodge all year-round, but 'things' changed after the death of the Duke of Fife in 1912, and Donald Fraser in 1913. In Alexander (1928) – the author writes :
Starting from Derry Lodge (1400 ft.), the path crosses the Derry and proceeds west along the left bank of the Luibeg. On the opposite side of the stream is Luibeg Cottage, occupied all the year by a keeper : Derry Lodge is not occupied in winter
– Alexander (1928) (p 103)
During the _PHONE_ war the Cairngorms were heavily used for training, and the lodge was occupied by the military. Even then the Cairngorm Club were contemplating their own use of it, and at their 1943 AGM they decided to approach the Trustees of the Duke of Fife. The response was positive, but it was 1951 before they took possession of the lodge - holding it until 1967.
Since then the lodge has been unoccupied - apart from occasional short-term occupations. I remember sometime in the late 1970s a unit of Royal Engineers (Territorials I think) lived in the lodge for the few weeks it took them to build a bridge across the Laoigh near the downstream edge of the plantation.


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Fitzgerald and the lost generation
The lost generation was the generation that came of age during both hemingway and fitzgerald touch on this theme throughout the novels the sun also rises and the. The lost generation is the dreamlike tale of an ex-pat in paris in the rich parade of her characters are hemingway,picasso and scott fitzgerald. Start studying lost generation learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. By sara krauss although f scott fitzgerald is most commonly praised for his accurate description of the american jazz age, his writing also reflects the.
Lesson title – the lost generation writers of the 1920s from underlying themes in the writing of hemingway and fitzgerald 4. The lost generation: f scott fitzgerald & t s eliot the lost generation f scott fitzgerald the great gatsby t s eliot the wasteland the main points: group of. Lost generation definition, the generation of men and women who came of age during or immediately following world war i: viewed, as a result of their war experiences. F scott fitzgerald biography's success the novel tells the story of fitzgerald's "lost generation" during the "jazz age.
Gatsby gatsby, one of the main characters in the novel seems hidden from society, and isn't able to find happiness, making him lose his identity and becomes lost. Following in the steps of paris' lost generation enter the lost generation known as the place where hemingway first met fitzgerald. Books shelved as lost-generation: the sun also rises by ernest hemingway, the great gatsby by f scott fitzgerald, a moveable feast by ernest hemingway. The nook book (ebook) of the the lost generation anthology by e e cummings, f scott fitzgerald, ford madox ford, john dos passos | at barnes.
The status of affairs in america in the years following the first world war spawned a generation of authors termed "the lost generation" in response to the. If you want the real stories behind the great gatsby about the self-made tycoon who couldn't stop yearning for that green light at the end of the dock, check out.
Define lost generation lost generation synonyms, lost generation pronunciation, lost generation translation, english dictionary definition of lost generation n 1. F scott fitzgerald literary conference fabrication & manufacturing r facilities, office of facilities help desk - service requests facilities planners council. The lost generation defines a sense of moral loss or aimlessness apparent in literary figures during the 1920s the phrase signifies a disillusioned postwar. The lost generation: fitzgerald's work introduced the "flapper," a flirtatious gal, audacious in both dress and manner his main character, amory.
Fitzgerald and the lost generation
The lost generation defines a sense of moral loss or aimlessness ezra pound is generally considered the poet most responsible for hemingway and fitzgerald.
- The three best known are f scott fitzgerald ernest hemingway was the lost generation's leader in the adaptation of the naturalistic technique in the novel.
- F scott fitzgerald and the lost hope of babylon revisited f scott fitzgerald is known as the spokesman of the lost generation of americans in the 1920s.
- Educator programs primary source the phrase lost generation, as coined by gertrude stein this group, including stein, f scott fitzgerald.
- Here's the story of the writers, poets, and artists who came of age during world war one, commonly referred to as the lost generation music by electric.
Scott fitzgerald' s please help with the great gatsby questions 1 dubbed the lost generation. Trace the life and times of the _lost generation_ in paris during the 1920s, including writers ernest hemingway, ezra pound, f scott fitzgerald, & others part ii. Explore chelsea tells stories's board the lost generation on pinterest | see more ideas about zelda fitzgerald, f scott fitzgerald and l'wren scott. Get an answer for 'how does the term lost generation appear in the great gatsby through which characters' and find lost generation in f scott fitzgerald's. The authors of "the lost generation" lived in a time that raised the last week of the unit will introduce f scott fitzgerald and his short story.


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Archive for Pinaglabanan
Author's Note: This article uses virtual reality technology to provide an immersive experience. Click the images to view the 360-degree VRs. Adobe Flash 10 or higher is required. Average VR size is 2.2Mb each.
June 19, 2011 marks the 150th birth anniversary of our National Hero Dr. Jose Rizal. As the nation joined hands in the celebration of Rizal's works, achievements, and sacrifice; and in tribute to other heroes who laid down their lives for the country, we take you in a virtual journey to re-discover the places and sites that are of importance to them – the National Shrines.
These were shot and produced with the assistance of National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP), formerly National Historical Institute (NHI) in a span of about 6 months – from the ancestral home of Juan Luna in Badoc, Ilocos in the north, to Rizal's place of exile in Dapitan City, Zamboanga in the south.
It is the hope of the commission as well as the producers, that these sites be made accessible virtually to everyone, especially so to the youth and students of far flung provinces and those that just cannot physically visit the shrines and learn about its historical significance. Furthermore, by capturing the shrines in 360-degrees virtual reality, it also served as a means of documentation and conservation for future generations.
Enjoy the virtual tour!
VRs taken on January – June 2009. The author can be reached at: _EMAIL_


Can you explain how to enable and disable connection pooling?
Can you explain how to enable and disable connection pooling?
Set Pooling=true. However, it is enabled by default in .NET.
To disable connection pooling set Pooling=false in connection string if it is an ADO.NET Connection.
If it is an OLEDBConnection object set OLEDB Services=-4 in the connection string.
Can you explain how to enable and disable connection pooling?
To enable connection pooling :
SqlConnection myConnection = new SqlConnection(@"Data Source=(local)\SQLEXPRESS;Initial Catalog=TEST;Integrated Security=SSPI;");
This has connection pooling on by default.
To disable connection pooling:
SqlConnection myConnection = new SqlConnection(@"Data Source=(local)\SQLEXPRESS;Initial Catalog=TEST;Integrated Security=SSPI;Pooling=false;");
What is Validation Control in ASP.NET?
ASP.NET - Validation Control in ASP.NET - The validation control is used to implement page level validity of data entered in the server controls....
Validation types supported by ASP.NET
ASP.NET - Validation types supported by ASP.NET - The RequiredFieldValidator control forces the input control a required field....
Steps to use Validation Control - ASP.NET
ASP.NET - Steps to use Validation Control - Draw a validation control on a Web form...
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Pumpernickel, the name for the dark-brown, rye bread, comes to us from the German. The German name has been around since at least 1663. The origin is not certain, but it most likely comes from the dialectal German verb pumpern, meaning to fart, and nickel, meaning demon or imp. (Which is from the name Nicholas, a common appellation for evil spirits, as in the English Old Nick; the name of the metal is from the German Kupfernickel, or demon copper, so-called because its color or the ore is deceptive and resembles that of copper.) Evidently the bread is so named because it gives one gas.
Pumpernickel first appears in English in Thomas Nugent's 1756 travelogue The Grand Tour. Nugent, however, gets the etymology wrong, repeating a story that is retold to this day:
Their bread is of the very coarsest kind, ill baked, and as black as a coal, for they never sift their flour. The people of the country call it Pompernickel, which is only a corruption of a French name given it by a gentleman of that nation, who passed through this country. It is reported, that when this coarse bread was brought to table, hye looked at it and said, Qu'il etoit bon pour Nickel, That it was good for Nickel, which was the name of his horse.
Later versions make out the unnamed Frenchman to be Napoleon—an obvious anachronism—and change the French phrase to pain pour Nicol, bread for Nichole. It's a fun story, but quite untrue.
Copyright _PHONE_, by David Wilton


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ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0361.v1
Subject: Biology, Agricultural Sciences & Agronomy Keywords: Emission; Turbulence; Roof slope; Scaled model; Wind tunnel; Dispersion
Online: 30 June 2020 (08:25:39 CEST)
The application of naturally ventilated pig buildings (NVPBs) with outdoor exercise yards is on the rise mainly due to animal welfare considerations, while the issue of emissions from the buildings to the surrounding environment is important. Since air pollutants are mainly transported by airflow, the knowledge on the airflow characteristics downwind the building is required. The objective of this research was to investigate airflow properties downwind of a NVPB with a roofed outdoor exercise yard for roof slopes of 5°, 15°, and 25°. Air velocities downwind a 1:50 scaled NVPB model were measured using a Laser Doppler Anemometer in a large boundary layer wind tunnel. A region with reduced mean air velocities was found along the downwind side of the building with a distance up to 0.5 m (i.e. 3.8 times building height), in which the emission concentration might be high. It was found that a smaller roof slope (i.e. 5° slope) resulted in a higher and shorter wake zone and thus a shorter air pollutant dispersion distance. It was concluded that a smaller roof slope could contribute to the dilution of air pollutants and a lower air pollutant concentration near the ground.


Standards for the Evaluation of University Citizenship
A Faculty member's contributions as a University citizen include service to the Program, College, and the University as outlined in Table 3. The merits of University service should be evaluated as to (1) whether or not the candidate chaired the committee listed; and (2) the importance of the service to the mission of the unit served. Less tangible components of citizenship include active participation in department events such as faculty and graduate student recruitment, seminars, department meetings and seminars, etc.
Being an active and useful citizen of the Program, College and University is expected and valued; however, service of any magnitude cannot be considered more important than a candidate's research and other scholarly activity and instructional responsibilities. Expectations in service for promotion to Professor should meet high citizenship expectation for promotion to Associate Professor.
Other components of service are also considered including, but not limited to, public outreach and public and professional service in reappointment, tenure and promotion decisions and may differ in their importance among Faculty members depending on each Faculty member's duties and responsibilities within the College.
 1. Table 3. Assessment of University Citizenship for Promotion and Tenure
 Citizenship Assessment
 Examples of Accomplishments Corresponding to the Assessment Score
 Exceeds obligations
 Significant role in Program, College and/ or University as evidenced by leadership and productive service on committees, active participation in significant events, effectively chairing committees, specific administrative assignments, meaningful public outreach
 Meets obligations
 Meets the Program, College, and University obligations, participation in commencements and events (e.g., lectures, reviews), service on committee(s).
 Does not meet obligations
 Does not meet Program or College obligations in a timely manner or does not actively participate in significant
 College/University events


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Johannesburg, South Africa
The 3-day national workshop, "'Consensus-Building' on the Implementation of ILO Recommendation 204 on Transition from the Informal to the Formal Economy," was convened by the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the National Economic Development and Labour Council (NEDLAC) in Johannesburg, South Africa. The workshop aimed to reach agreement on practical steps to be taken at national and city levels for the implementation of the ILO Recommendation 204 on Transitioning to Formality.
Workshop participants included local and national government officials and representatives from informal worker organizations, community-based organizations, cooperatives, organized labour, and business.
Pat Horn of StreetNet International attended the workshop as one of the representatives of local informal worker organizations and Vanessa Pillay of WIEGO attended in an advisory capacity in support of informal worker organizations.
- Read the WIEGO Network Platform: Transitioning from the Informal to the Formal Economy in the Interest of Workers in the Informal Economy
- Read about WIEGO's participation in the 2015 International Labour Conference on Facilitating Transitions from the Informal to the Formal Economy
- Read Myths & Facts about the Informal Economy and Workers in the Informal Economy
- Read Informality and Illegality: Unpacking the Relationship
- Watch WIEGO's video on Organizing for Change


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International Great Lakes Datum (IGLD) is the reference system by which Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River Basin water levels are measured. It consists of benchmarks at various locations on the lakes and St. Lawrence River that roughly coincides with sea level. All water levels are measured in feet or meters above this point. Movements in the earth's crust necessitate updating this datum every 25-30 years. The first IGLD was based upon measurements and bench marks that centered on the year 1955, and it was called IGLD (1955). The most recently updated datum uses calculations that center on 1985, and it is called IGLD (1985). Measurements recorded in NGVD (1929) or IGLD (1955) need to be converted to IGLD (1985) measurements before they can be used in comparison situations. The table below displays the different readings for the OHWM in Indiana and how to convert NGVD (1929) and IGLD (1955) measurements to IGLD (1985) measurements. Conversion Equations


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Batect supports mounting directories from the local filesystem into a container. This allows data to be persisted between task invocations, and for the container to access local files such as application code.
However, Batect supports an alternative mechanism called a cache which is designed to provide high performance data persistence between task invocations.
These are often necessary for downloaded packages and libraries, such as Node.js's
node_modules directory or Golang's
GOPATH, where performance is
critical but accessibility outside the container is less important.
The need for this alternative mechanism stems from the fact that on macOS and Windows, ordinary Docker directory mounts like these come with a significant performance penalty. While acceptable for application code, this performance penalty quickly accumulates when used for many files, as is the case for cached packages and libraries.
For details see how to use caches with containers.


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Russia exported nearly 25 mln tonnes of grains
Since the beginning of 2013/14 MY (July 1, 2013), and as of June 4, 2014, Russia has already exported 24.703 mln tonnes of grains, an increase of 61.4% compared with the same date in 2013 (15.173 mln tonnes), declared the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation referring to operative data of the Federal Customs Service of Russia.
According to the announcement, wheat formed 17.951 mln tonnes of the reporting volume, barley – 2.51 mln tonnes, maize – 3.929 mln tonnes, other grain crops - 313 thsd tonnes.
In the period of June 1-4 the export volumes of Russian grains reached 128 thsd tonnes, including 57 thsd tonnes of wheat, 10 thsd tonnes of maize, 61 thsd tonnes of barley, and 0.1 thsd tonnes of other grains.
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In 2016/17 MY, Russia to export 38-40 mln tonnes of grains – Russian Grain Union
Russia: in 2016, buckwheat production to exceed its consumption level – Russian Grain Union
On October 26, Russia purchased over 44 thsd tonnes of grains to the intervention fund
Crimea: appointment of a new Minister of Agriculture
Russia: in January-September NCSP Group reduced grain shipment for exports
On October 25, Russia purchased over 45 thsd tonnes of grains to the intervention fund
October 25, 17:10


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Women's figure skating is the most popular figure skating event at the Winter Olympics. There are "queens and princesses of the ice" who have left their mark on the figure skating world. There are also many famous people who have been a part of ice skating history.
Do you want to get an idea of what's involved in becoming a figure skater? Before you begin to skate, there are things you should know.
- Ice Skating Is Fun!
- Step-by-Step Beginning Ice Skating Lesson
- Register for Ice Skating Lessons
- Learn to Figure Skate
- Dress Like a Figure Skater
- Buy Skates
- How to Lace Figure Skates
- Take Some Private Figure Skating Lessons
- Set a Practice, Lesson, and Training Schedule
- Join a Figure Skating Club
- Take Figure Skating Tests
- Compete in Figure Skating Competitions
Understanding the Steps, Turns, and Footwork That Olympic Figure Skaters Perform
Every step or turn a figure skater does has a name. Can you identify the figure skating turns that are done on one foot? Next time you watch an elite ice skater do a step sequence, try to recognize at least one three turn, one bracket, one counter, and one rocker.
A new kind of scoring replaced the old 6.0 figure skating judging system and was created in response to the 2002 Olympic figure skating scandal. The idea was to attempt to make figure skating competitions more objective and fair.
Competitors are given two scores: a technical score and a program component score. The technical score is added together to the program component score and the result is the segment score. The sum of all the segment scores (the short program and the free skate) becomes the total competition score. The skater with the highest score wins.
- How to Understand Figure Skating Scores
- Why Does a Triple Jump Get Scored Only As a Double?
- Why Do Figure Skaters Fall Down and Still Place High?
- Ladies singles
- Men's singles
- Pair skating
- Ice Dance
- Team Trophy Event
At the Olympic Games, at least two different phases of a competition take place. This means that Olympic figure skaters do more than one performance before a champion is crowned. The winner of the first phase of an Olympic event may win an Olympic title, but there is a chance that someone else can "pull up" and become the Olympic Figure Skating Champion. In the final phase of Olympic figure skating competition, the skaters who place in the top four after the initial phase, compete last, so the last part of an Olympic figure skating event is the most exciting to watch!