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Bunkers Hill Pit, The Granites
The Bunkers Hill Pit is a mined-out pit located at the Granites Gold Mine, approximately 550 km northwest of Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia. Active mining is not currently occurring on site, however, ore from a nearby satellite site continues to be processed at the Granites mill and the tailings stored on site. In 2006, Newmont Tanami Pty. Ltd. identified the need for a new tailings storage facility as the existing facility was nearing capacity.
RGC, having previously conducted a hydrogeological review of the site and a groundwater field investigation in December 2005, was retained by Newmont to evaluate different options for additional tailings storage. Following the resulting recommendations, RGC designed a seepage pumpback system for the mined out Bunkers Hill Pit. In August 2006, RGC carried out a preliminary field program which included the drilling and installation of several pumping bores. The field program also included the supervision of pump tests on the newly installed pumping bores, to constrain the hydraulic parameters of the host rock and determine the efficiency of the bores. Based on these test results, recommendations were provided on pump size, accessories, pumping rates and discharge system.
Tailings discharge at the Bunkers Hill Pit was slated to begin in early 2007, during which RGC continued to assist in implementation of the recovery system and operation and groundwater monitoring on the site, to ensure compliance of the new tailings storage facility with performance criteria.
- Hydrogeological review and assessment;
- Design of a seepage interception system;
- Supervise drilling and installation of pumping bores;
- Assistance in groundwater monitoring.


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- Does within 30 days mean before or after?
- Does Within mean including?
- How do you use the word within?
- What does within 2 hours mean?
- What does 2 days before mean?
- What does it mean within 48 hours?
- What does within a date mean?
- What does within 28 days mean?
- What is another word for within?
- What does 3 days prior?
- What does within 3 days mean?
- What does within a day mean?
- How long is 30 days from now?
- Is it within or with in?
- What is the difference between with and within?
- What does within 30 days of your birthday mean?
- How many days was 3 days ago?
- What will it be in 2 days?
Does within 30 days mean before or after?
Within 30 days of the expiration date = You have a period of 30 days before the expiration date (inclusive)..
Does Within mean including?
Answers and Replies On the one hand, 'within' does have the sense of 'inside', so would not include the boundaries, but in practice it would be impossible to determine exactly a mile, so whether 'within a mile' includes that is immaterial.
How do you use the word within?
Examples of When to Use "Within" in a SentencePlease get that back to me within a few days.We will be there within two hours.You need to go to the store within that time frame for the sale.Two days was within the time frame you gave me.Monday is within the sale period.
What does within 2 hours mean?
The phrase means: You may perhaps be called within an hour. You will definitely be called within two hours. There is no implication that your being called within one hour is any more likely than your being called between one and two hours. … I'll be home in an hour, two hours tops.
What does 2 days before mean?
Two days prior means 2 calendar days. So if your flight is on friday, then you can upgrade on wednesday. It becomes wednesday, at midnight tuesday night/wednesday morning.
What does it mean within 48 hours?
13. ＋ New List. 48 hours means a 48-hour period occurring during business days which includes any day except Saturday, Sunday, or a legal holiday.
What does within a date mean?
If I ask to have something down "within a day" I mean 24 hours from now – today is day 0 and tomorrow is day 1, the day that it is due. So "within 7 days" means it is due on day 7, counting today as day 0. … So, if you wanted to specify exactly one week, you could say "168 hours".
What does within 28 days mean?
"return within 28 days of receipt" means that you have 28 days from the date that you received the goods to return them. If they wanted it to mean 28 days from placing the order, then that is what they should've stated.
What is another word for within?
In this page you can discover 39 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for within, like: on the inside, throughout, during, inside, in a period of, in less than, in, not further than, not beyond, not over and in reach of.
What does 3 days prior?
three days before means that it happened three days in advance of something or before something happened.
What does within 3 days mean?
"Within one day of the first" would mean the 2nd. "Within two days of the first" would mean the 3nd. "Within three days of the first" would mean the 4th. On the 5th of the month, if still unpaid, the contract would be in breach.
What does within a day mean?
The phrase is commonly used to refer to the future ("we will deliver it within the/a day," or some number of days) or a 24 hour period. Here is an example: 'Handmaid's Tale' Wines Pulled Within A Day Of Backlash, meaning it was pulled within 24 hours.
How long is 30 days from now?
Days from Today Conversion TableDaysDate Days from TodayDate (Y-m-d)30 DaysSun 17th Jan 20212021-01-1731 DaysMon 18th Jan 20212021-01-1832 DaysTue 19th Jan 20212021-01-1933 DaysWed 20th Jan 20212021-01-2046 more rows
Is it within or with in?
Within and without should not be written with a space between with/in or with/out, according to all major dictionaries. This is a good lesson for us all (myself included) to be sure in the future to remember that these words are always written as one word (i.e. within), not two separate words (with in).
What is the difference between with and within?
The preposition within has nothing to do with the ordinary sense of the preposition with = "accompanying, alongside, by means of, etc.". Within means "inside" in spatial, temporal and figurative senses.
What does within 30 days of your birthday mean?
Answered June 12, 2018. It means that you should pay expenses(or whatever ) within 30days of the date of commencement.
How many days was 3 days ago?
3 days before today would be Monday, December 14, 2020. There are 31 days in December 2020. 2020 is a leap year, so there are 366 days in this year (there are 29 days in February 2020).
What will it be in 2 days?
2 days from today (1 weekdays) would be Saturday, December 19, 2020.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Can Chickens Eat Peaches?
Can Chickens Eat Peaches
Plenty of people domestically keep chicken coops at their homes or farmhouses. Feeding your chickens a good diet is one of the best ways to harvest quality eggs at home. While chickens are foragers and eat several foods, fruits are known to be great for them. Chicken owners often wonder whether or not chickens can eat peaches. Let's find out.
So, can chickens eat peaches? Yes, absolutely! Besides being delicious, peaches are also great sources of antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, and are packed with several other nutritious elements that are beneficial for chickens. Peaches' soft and hydrating nature allows chickens to gobble them up in seconds! However, you must always remove pits while feeding them to chickens.
Nutritional benefits of peaches – All you need to know
Loaded with pulpy goodness, peaches are amazing summer fruits. A medium-sized peach gives 50 calories, half a gram of healthy fats, carbohydrates (15 grams), fiber (2 grams), sugar (13 grams), protein (1 gram), and no cholesterol or sodium. Sounds amazing, doesn't it?
Peaches are part of the stone familyOpens in a new tab.. They have one big seed instead of several small ones. Besides being healthy for humans, they are beneficial for chickens too! They contain balanced amounts of vital nutrients that make them healthy and allow them to lay healthy eggs.
Here are the key nutrients in peaches.
Vitamin C
Vitamin C is beneficial for chickens since it helps produce collagen. It also aids the body in fighting a number of diseases by building immunity.
CollagensOpens in a new tab. are extremely helpful in improving skin health as well as for accelerating the recovery from injuries and wounds.
Potassium is important for a chicken's internal cell function. It decreases the risk of many diseases and health problems like high blood pressure, stroke, and kidney stones.
Fiber helps keep a chicken's weight in control. It also promotes colon health. Besides, it protects chickens from severe health problems like diabetes, cancer, and obesity as well.
Carbohydrates obtained from peaches help keep a chicken active and help improve their overall health and wellness.
Natural Sugar
Their natural sugar content makes peaches sweet. Besides, they act as a natural taste enhancer. They are also healthy substitutes for sweet treats or processed food.
Peaches have good water content, which helps in keeping chickens hydrated.
Are there other benefits of feeding chickens peaches?
Feeding chickens peaches
In addition to the array of health benefits, you must also know the correct way of feeding this tasty fruit. Let's explore some other benefits of adding peaches to your chicken's meal before discussing the best way to add it in your chickens' feed.
Encourages physical stimulation
Chickens are hyperactive and curious creatures. You will always see a chicken pecking on something or the other. Furthermore, chickens are not domestic animals by origin.
They are not accustomed to living in confinement. Even though domesticated chickens adjust easily, they need to be kept occupied and physically fit.
Peaches are great treats for chickens and can be used as a tool for physical activity. Chickens kept in domestic environments tend to get stressed or plain bored. This takes a toll on their health and can make them aggressive and obese. This will also affect the quality of the eggs they lay.
You can use peaches to bring out their foraging instincts. You can keep slices or cubes of peaches hidden under some hay for them to discover. This will keep them entertained, active, as well as super-healthy.
Prevents scavenging for unsafe foods
Chickens are natural foragers and omnivorous by nature. Thus, you need to keep an eye on what they are eating while on their own. Peaches are a great way to distract chickens from unsafe foods.
For instance, nothing will stop a chicken from feeding on small rats or poisonous insects when they are hungry. You can prevent this by giving them tastier and healthier food like peaches.
How to feed your chickens peaches?
Do chickens eat peaches
Peaches are great for chickens and can act as delicious treats too! They are packed with nutrients and help keep your chickens healthy. However, precautions are a must when feeding pit-fruits to your chickens. Here's what you can do to feed your chickens peaches safely.
Wash peaches before feeding your chicken
Chickens tend to be restless when it comes to treats. You must not give in to their tense and pressing demands. Always wash peaches before you feed them to your chicken. This is a must before you slice or chop it to tiny bits.
Fruits have wax and other contaminants on their surfaces when kept in grocery stores. These can be harmful if consumed by your chicken. Thus, you should always soak or rinse peaches with lukewarm water to avoid any health risks.
Do not overfeed your chickens
Chickens have tiny appetites, given their small body structure. This is why you should never feed your chicken more than they can digest. Peaches may be a portion of ultimate health food but can harm your chicken if overfed.
It is ideal to restrict treats to twice a day to maintain your chicken's health. Moreover, overfeeding can lead to obesity, diabetes, and an upset stomach.
Slice peaches before feeding chickens
The ideal way to feed your chickens peaches is to cut them into thin, small cubes or slices. Peaches are already soft, and cutting them into cubes will make it easier to eat and digest. However, be mindful of the cubes' size since chickens are fast-eaters.
Other fruits, such as berries, also appeal to chickens due to their convenient size and interesting taste. You can consider them for your chickens if you want more variety in the feed you provide.
Nonetheless, you must be careful of the berries you feed chickens since some wild species can be poisonous.
Try to feed fresh peaches
Peaches taste the best when fed raw. Sometimes, you may lay peaches as a treat under a pile of hay and forget about it. Stale peaches taste horrible and contain harmful toxins that your chickens should not consume.
Thus, you should be careful of feeding chickens only fresh peaches.
Are there any risks of feeding chickens peaches?
Risks are natural when it comes to fruits, or any other food, whether raw or cooked. That said, it is always good to be aware of risks associated with certain foods to avoid health issues. Peaches are amazing for your chickens, but you must be mindful of the following risks.
No Canned Peaches
Canned peaches have artificial sweeteners and sugar for increasing shelf life and enhancing taste. Thus, it is strictly advised against feeding your chickens processed and canned peaches since it makes them sick.
Choking Hazard
Chickens have tiny, long beaks. They cannot eat large chunks or pieces of fruit. If they accidentally consume a large bite, they can choke. This may even be fatal.
As we have mentioned before, overeating can lead to obesity and several other health problems. Thus, it is important to control the amount of food you give your chickens. Peaches may seem harmless, but overeating can lead to digestion and other issues.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is there a fun way to introduce peaches to my chickens?
Absolutely! You can hang peach cubes on a thin string and tie it on sturdy poles or sticks in their coop. This will make them jump and run around for their treat. Besides this, you can even hide peaches under hay to make your chickens work hard for the treat.
What else can I feed my chicken?
There are not many restrictions when it comes to chicken feed. You can add a variety of fruits, grains, vegetables, and pulses to your chicken's regular diet.
What should I refrain from feeding my chicken?
You should not feed your chicken avocado skins and pits, green potatoes, tomatoes, chocolates, or tea.
Summing Up
Chickens require a balanced diet to produce healthy eggs. They are not very fussy when it comes to food. And peaches? They love them!
Since peaches are fit fruits, several people wonder if it may be safe for chickens. It is safe, provided you keep the pit away from your chickens' feed.
Note: Pits contain amygdalin that further breaks down to cyanide, which is very dangerous. However, pits are extremely hard so there are rare chances of your chicken accidentally consuming them.
Moreover, you should remember to remove the seed at all times even though the risk of them eating it runs very low. So what are you waiting for? Slice and dice a peach and give your chicken a healthy treat!


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How to Store Portable Solar Generator for Winter? Are you planning to store your portable solar generator for the winter? Proper storage is essential to ensure your generator remains in top working condition when you need it again. Here's a comprehensive guide on how to store your portable solar generator for winter.
How to Store Portable Solar Generator for Winter?
The days are getting shorter, and the cold weather is settling in – it's time to put away your portable solar generator for the winter. Proper storage is essential to ensure your generator remains in good condition, ready to provide you with reliable power when you need it. In this article, we'll cover the essential steps to prepare and store your portable solar generator for the winter months, as well as tips for periodic maintenance and reassembly. Let's get started!
Why Store Your Portable Solar Generator Properly?
Storing your generator correctly has a few key benefits:
- Extend its lifespan – Proper storage helps to prevent damage to the generator's components, ensuring that it continues to function efficiently for years to come.
- Maintain efficiency – A well-maintained solar generator will work at peak efficiency, providing you with the maximum amount of power when you need it.
Preparing Your Portable Solar Generator for Storage
Follow these steps to get your generator ready for storage:
Before storing your portable solar generator for the winter, ensure you clean it thoroughly. The generator accumulates dirt and dust over time, which can affect its performance. Clean the generator's exterior using a damp cloth, and make sure to remove any grime that may have accumulated in the ventilation holes. You can also use a small brush to get rid of any debris that may have accumulated on the panels.
2. Battery maintenance
Check the battery for any signs of swelling, leaking, or corrosion. If you notice any issues, replace the battery before storing the generator. Additionally, fully charge the battery to prevent it from discharging during storage.
The battery is the most crucial component of your portable solar generator. It's essential to ensure the battery is fully charged before storing the generator. A fully charged battery prevents the generator's internal components from corroding. To charge your battery, connect your solar panels and let the generator charge until it reaches full capacity.
3. Inspecting for damage
Inspect the generator, solar panels, and any cables or connections for signs of wear or damage. Repair or replace any damaged components as needed.
Selecting the Right Storage Space
Keep these factors in mind when choosing a storage location:
- Temperature considerations – A cool, dry location with a stable temperature between 50°F and 80°F (10°C and 27°C) is ideal. Extreme temperatures can damage the battery and other components.
- Humidity considerations – Choose a storage area with low humidity to prevent corrosion and damage to the generator's electrical components.
- Safety precautions – Store the generator away from any potential sources of heat or open flames to prevent accidental fires. Also, Portable solar generators are valuable items that are often targeted by thieves. It's important to take precautions against theft when storing your generator for the winter. Store your generator in a secure location, such as a locked garage or shed. You can also use a security system or camera to monitor the area where you store your generator.
Proper Storage Techniques
Use these techniques to keep your generator safe during storage:
1. Disassembling the generator
Detach any solar panels, cables, or other accessories and store them separately to prevent damage. After charging your battery, disconnect the solar panels from the generator. Solar panels generate electricity even when the generator is not in use. If you leave the solar panels connected, they will continue charging the battery, which can cause it to overcharge and damage the battery.
2. Wrapping and protecting components
Wrap the generator and its components in protective materials such as bubble wrap or a soft cloth to prevent scratches or dents.
3. Storing the generator off the ground
Place the generator on a sturdy shelf or pallet, elevated off the ground. This will protect it from moisture and potential water damage. Storing your generator in a safe position prevents damage from falls or accidents. Avoid placing heavy objects on top of the generator or storing it in an area where it's likely to get knocked over. Store the generator in an upright position, and make sure it's stable and secure.
Periodic Maintenance During Winter
Even while in storage, it's essential to perform some routine checks:
- Checking the battery – Every few weeks, check the battery's charge level and top it up as needed. A well-maintained battery will last longer and perform better when it's time to use the generator again.
- Inspecting for pests – Pests like rodents can cause damage to your generator by chewing on wires or nesting inside the unit. Regularly inspect the storage area for any signs of pests and take action if needed.
Preparing for Use After Winter
When winter ends, and it's time to use your generator again, follow these steps:
1. Reassembling the generator
Carefully reconnect any solar panels, cables, and accessories you removed during storage. Make sure all connections are secure and in good condition.
2. Testing the generator
Before relying on your generator for power, run a test to ensure it's working correctly. Fully charge the battery, then connect a small appliance or device to confirm that the generator is providing power as expected.
Proper storage of your portable solar generator during winter is essential for maintaining its efficiency and prolonging its lifespan. By following these steps, you can ensure that your generator will be ready to provide you with reliable power when you need it most. Remember to clean, maintain the battery, and select a suitable storage location. Also, don't forget to perform periodic maintenance checks during the winter months and test the generator before using it again.
- Can I use my portable solar generator during winter? Yes, you can use your generator during winter, but keep in mind that shorter daylight hours and lower sun angles may reduce the efficiency of the solar panels.
- How often should I check the battery during winter storage? It's a good idea to check the battery's charge level every few weeks and top it up as needed to maintain its health.
- Do I need a specific type of battery for cold weather? Some batteries, like lithium-ion batteries, perform better in cold temperatures compared to lead-acid batteries. If you live in a particularly cold region, it may be worth considering a generator with a lithium-ion battery.
- Can I store my portable solar generator outdoors during winter? While some generators are designed to withstand harsh weather conditions, it's generally better to store your generator indoors in a cool, dry, and stable environment to protect it from extreme temperatures and moisture.
- How can I increase the efficiency of my solar generator during winter? You can optimize solar panel efficiency during winter by clearing snow from the panels, positioning them to receive maximum sunlight, and using a solar panel tracking system to follow the sun's movement.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Acronyms that contain the term ARES
What does ARES mean? This page is about the various possible meanings of the acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term: ARES.
We've found a total of 5 shorthands for ARES:
What does ARES mean?
- (Greek mythology) Greek god of war; son of Zeus and Hera; identified with Roman Mars


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|Ph.D Student||Oxman Rivka|
|Subject||Expert Systems for Generation and Evaluation in Architectura|
|Department||Department of Architecture and Town Planning||Supervisor||Professor Emeritus Edna Shaviv|
The research is involved with the development of a theoretical basis for knowledge based systems in design. A concept of 'design interpretation' is formalized for the definition of desired characteristics of expert systems for design. A new approach for dual mode interpretation between graphic and verbal interaction is proposed and developed. A new representation scheme for complex architectural knowledge termed "The Generation and Refinement Scheme of a Design Prototype" is developed. PRODS - a prototype based expert system Shell for design, which utilizes these ideas is implemented. Hybrid representation, and a knowledge based interpreter which provide communications between the different representational schemes are employed. Two applications of PRODS are developed and demonstrated. PREDIKT - a graphic verbal dual interpretation expert system which is capable of both generation and evaluation, and PROUST - an expert system for the generation and refinement of a design prototype.


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Kew Field - the start of Kew Gardens
Kew Field - the origins of the estate at Kew - was once a single
large strip-farmed field that began to change gradually, from around
1600 into the more regular enclosed fields shown on the 1730s map
of the St André estate. Prior to this, between 1500 and 1550,
the house of Kew Park had been built into Kew Field's northeast
corner and its estate extended from there.
The Kew Park estate changed hands several times through the 16th
century, settling with Sir Richard Bennett in the first half of
the 17th century. His daughter, Dorothy Bennett, inherited the estate.
She married Sir Henry Capel, and it was the Capel family who developed
the first famous gardens in Kew Park.
The Capels lived at Kew Park (later calling it the White House)
during the latter half of the 17th century. The 1730 map shows the
house and gardens occupying a small area south of the Dutch House.
The design was of small walled gardens and formal courtyards flanking
the house, with the land outside used for agriculture. The map also
shows that the Capel estate (by now named St André due to
Elizabeth Capel's remarriage) extended south for about two
thirds of the length of today's gardens.
Records of the time declare that Sir Henry Capel and "the
whole Capel family were famously devoted to gardening... it was
close to an obsession". The gardens were widely admired,
especially for their greenhouses, trees and exotic plants.
The diarist and author John Evelyn (_PHONE_) was also a keen
botanist and landscape designer. A regular visitor to Kew Park,
he noted in 1678, "Hence I went to my worthy friend Sir
Henry Capel... his garden certainly has the choicest fruit of any
plantation in England, as he is the most industrious and understanding
in it". In 1683 he commented on the "cupola
made with pole work between two elms at the end of a walk, which
being covered by plashing the trees to them... very pretty".
In 1688 Evelyn recorded that Capel's "orangerie
and myretum are most beautiful and perfectly well kept. He is contriving
very high palisadoes of reedes to shade his oranges during the summer
and painting those reedes in oil".
Back to: 16th
& 17th Centuries: Royal Influences

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Referencing Grid Level Expressions from Advanced Query
Cory Fifield -
Trouble viewing images? Click on images to enlarge.
In this article we cover referencing Grid Level Expressions from Advanced Query.
How does it work?
Expressions are processed at the data grid level, after the query results have been processed and returned from the database. Expressions are then added to the resulting dataset and accessible throughout VDM's controls. If you're using Advanced Query, VDM needs to know where to place the Expressions in the resulting dataset. So you can add an expression to the Grid after you run an Advanced Query, but if they're not added to the Field Selection List in the Advanced Query, VDM doesn't know where to put them.
We don't recommend Grid Level Expressions be used with Advanced Query. We recommend Advanced Queries be used for SQL Scripting only, and additional calculations that need to be performed on the resulting dataset be configured and completed using Calculated Fields in Finished Reports or Visualize.
How to reference grid level expression in Advanced Query
1. Create your Advanced Query and run it.
2. Create the Grid Expressions. Make sure to have the correct datatypes used for the expression.
3. Add the new expression(s) to the select statement in the Advanced Query.
4. Save, run and preview the View with the new expression(s) added to the Advanced Query.
Have more questions? Submit a request


Failsafe
Misc. Article ...by Rudy Hilado
06290002_sm.jpg

Read about the advantages of using a failsafe device in you R/C Boat...

ImageWhat is a boat fail-safe and why is it so important? A boat fail-safe is a device that is designed to prevent your boat from going out of control in the event that you lose radio contact and control.

Murphy's Law will often play a role in model boating--"If anything can go wrong, it will". A fail-safe device is relatively inexpensive insurance when something goes wrong.

There are several types and variations of fail-safe devices that can be used on your boat. The most common fail-safe protects your boat from radio glitches and interference. This type of fail-safe is installed between the radio receiver and the throttle and sometimes the steering servo. When the device senses radio interference or loss of the radio signal, it will automatically actuate the servo to close the throttle, which can stop the engine or bring it to an idle (some will also turn the rudder). Most high-end radios have this feature built into the receiver. If your radio doesn't have this feature, you can purchase a 3rd party radio fail-safe typically between $30-$60.

Although radio interference is probably the most common cause of "glitches", there are other scenarios that can jeopardize the control of your model boat. If power was lost to the receiver (due to batteries or a connector jarring loose), the radio fail-safe would offer no protection. Without power, the fail-safe doesn't function and the servos will remain essentially frozen in place. The most economical solution for this scenario is to use a throttle return spring. This involves mounting a strong spring in a fashion that would force the carburetor closed if the servo lost power. The down side to a throttle return spring include the difficulty of locating mounting areas for the spring, and the fact that the throttle servo will always be fighting against it, increasing the drain on the receiver battery.

There is also another simple solution to this problem. Since we run motors that use spark plugs, there the motor can be easily stopped if the spark coil is grounded. By employing a small electrical relay, the spark plug can be grounded if power is lost to the relay, thus stopping the motor. A slight variation to this problem is when the battery pack is getting low and it is unable to actuate the throttle servo properly. Most of the radio fail safes can sense a low battery condition and stop the boat before the servo stops functioning.

Another problem that can cause you to lose control of your boat is mechanical failure. The linkage between the servo and throttle can be jammed or disconnected. And even though the radio is working fine and receiving power, you'll be unable to control the boat. This is more difficult to protect against since there are many points that can suffer mechanical failure.
A variety of radio fail safes are available, but few are designed specifically for use in model boats (unless they are integrated into the receiver), where water can be an issue.

ImageThere is one fail-safe, produced by Shark-Racing, that is waterproof and it can handle all the failure scenarios described above. Carlos Andrade and his Shark -Racing team are on their 3rd variation of their fail-safe. This device integrates a radio fail-safe, a motor kill switch, a low battery warning indicator and the circuitry to detect a disconnected throttle servo. You can find out more about this wonderful device on the Shark-Racing web site (Carlos' site is unfortunately now down indefinately.)

I have a couple of these great fail-safe devices, but like seat belts and motorcycle helmets, they don't work unless you use them...

I recently built a new boat, and in my excitement and haste to rush out to the pond and give it a spin, I neglected to install my fail-safe device. And of course, Murphy hit me hard. During one of the runs, I was doing a high speed turn when my battery became disconnected from the receiver. I lost all control of the boat and it ran full speed into the bank and up into a small tree. The consequences of the crash are pretty evident--the whole front end was smashed in! This could have been easily prevented if I took the time to install my fail-safe device. When the power was lost, the boat would have stopped dead in the water.

In an instant this crash turned an expensive and "pretty" boat into an expensive "ugly" boat. Although IImage was upset at my own carelessness, I learned a valuable lesson. A small investment into a fail-safe can provide a priceless amount of insurance! A fail-safe can protect your boat, your peace of mind, and add to the safety of those around the lake. I can imagine a time in the future when fail-safe devices may be required equipment. In the mean time, it just makes common sense to use one.

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marc's Avatar
marc replied the topic: #4322 12 years 3 months ago
Although Expensive, MHZ has a good unit that pretty much covers all bases: _URL_ Look under ENGINE ACCESSORIES.
This is a lower cost unit that kills engine on low of complete power loss. It does not however monitor signal quality...units like these work well in conjunction with a radio that features signal failsafe, like some PCM and DSM radios. _URL_
golfvits's Avatar
golfvits replied the topic: #4319 12 years 3 months ago
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Home the idea the product news contacts
the idea
Calx is a Latin word meaning limestone, in English.
This concept allows to remount to Roman era, where lies the origin of the Portuguese Pavement technique.
Creating a tradable good conceived mainly for export:
- supression of the displacement of specialized workforce
- standard application
- faithful look of the portuguese pavement
- ease of transportation due to the thickness and reduced weight
Innovation of the business model of Portuguese Pavement:
- enhancement of a Portuguese product with a strong historical legacy in the world
- enlargement of the type of applications
- revitalization of an economic sector of the region


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Geo-location and points of interest
Geo-location helps you measure location data by using latitude and longitude and predefined points of interest in your iOS apps.
Each trackLocation call sends the following:
- Latitude, longitude, and location in a point of interest (POI) that is defined in Adobe Mobile services.This information is passed to mobile solution variables for automatic reporting.
- Distance from center and accuracy passed as context data.These variables are not captured automatically. You must map these context data variables by using the instructions in Sending Additional Data section below.
Dynamic POI updates
Starting in version 4.2, POIs are defined in the Adobe Mobile interface and synchronized dynamically to the app configuration file. This synchronization requires an analytics.poi setting in the ADBMobile.json file:
For more information, see ADBMobile JSON Config.
If this is not configured, an updated version of the ADBMobile.json file must be downloaded and added to your app. For more information and instructions, see Download the SDK and Testing Tools in Before you Start.
Track geo-locations and POIs
- Add the library to your project and implement lifecycle.For more information, see Add the SDK and Config File to your Project in Core Implementation and Lifecycle.
- Import the library:
- Call trackLocation to track the current location:
CLLocation *currentLocation = location; [ADBMobile trackLocation: currentLocation data: nil];You can call trackLocation at any time.To determine the location that is passed to the trackLocation call, use Getting the User's Location.
Additionally, if the location is determined to be in a defined POI radius, an a.loc.poi context data variable is sent in with the trackLocation hit and is reported as a POI in Location reports. An a.loc.dist context variable is also sent with the distance in meters from the defined coordinates.
Send additional data
In addition to the location data, you can send additional context data with each track location call:
NSMutableDictionary *contextData = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary]; [contextData setObject:@"GPS" forKey:@"myapp.location.LocationSource"]; [ADBMobile trackLocation: currentLocation data:contextData];
Context data values must be mapped to custom variables:
Location context data
The latitude and longitude are each sent using three different context data parameters, with each parameter representing a different level of precision, for a total of six context data parameters.
For example, the coordinates lat = 40.93231, lon = -111.93152 represent a location with 1 m precision. This location is split according to the level of precision across the following variables:
- a.loc.lat.a = 040.9
- a.loc.lat.b = 32
- a.loc.lat.c = 31
- a.loc.lon.a = -111.9
- a.loc.lon.b = 31
- a.loc.lon.c = 52
Some precision levels might appear as "00" depending on the accuracy of the current location. For example, if the location is currently accurate to 100m, a.loc.lat.c and a.loc.lon.c will be populated with "00".
Remember the following information:
- A trackLocation request sends in the equivalent of a trackAction call.
- POIs are not passed as part of normal trackAction and trackState calls, so you must use a trackLocation call to track POIs.
- trackLocation should be called as often as necessary to track location and POIs.We recommend calling trackLocation when the app starts and then as needed based on the requirements of the application.
- POIs are populated only after they are defined in the app configuration file.They are not applied to historical trackLocation calls that were sent previously.
- trackLocation calls support sending additional context data similar to trackAction calls.
- When two POIs have overlapping diameters, the first POI that contains the current location is used.If your POIs overlap, you should list POIs in order of most granular to least granular to ensure that the most granular POI is reported.


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Canada's Agricultural Hub – An Economic Impact Of Agriculture In Abbotsford
May 25, 2022
The Abbotsford Chamber of Commerce, under academic guidance of the University of the Fraser Valley and the University of British Columbia, with financial support from the City of Abbotsford and TD sponsors, presents its 2022 report "Canada's Agricultural Hub – An Economic Impact Analysis of Agriculture in Abbotsford."
Click HERE to read the report's one-pager summary (PDF)
Click HERE or the image above to read the full report (PDF)
The report found that Abbotsford is one of the most intensely farmed areas in North America and has the highest farm sales per hectare of any other City in Canada, directly contributing to the economy, creating jobs, and food security in the province and country. Today, Abbotsford agriculture is responsible for $3.83. billion in economic activity, up from $1.8 billion in 2008. As one of the primary employment drivers for the region, agriculture accounts for over 16,000 full-time jobs, equating to 23% of all jobs in the city. Agriculture has been the driving force behind growth and a stable, expanded local economy.
Click HERE or the image above to read the executive summary (PDF)
"This report highlights the significant economic impact the agricultural sector plays in Abbotsford's local economy while also highlighting the sector's broader value to our region, country and ongoing food security. The Abbotsford Chamber of Commerce supported Abbotsford farmers through the hardships of the past years – from the pandemic to the disastrous floods of 2021 – and will continue to be the voice emphasizing the critical importance of this sector."
– Abbotsford Chamber CEO Katerina Anastasiadis
"Dairy production and processing contribute greatly to the economic activity in Abbotsford, and Vitalus Nutrition is proud to be headquartered in this community. Abbotsford truly is the 'Hub" of agriculture in the Fraser Valley including agriculture support services and value-added businesses in the Fraser Valley."
– Phil Vanderpol, President & CEO, Vitalus Nutrition Inc.
"The Abbotsford Chamber of Commerce's Report, Canada's Agricultural Hub – An Economic Impact Analysis of Agriculture in Abbotsford, does a great job highlighting the incredible role agriculture plays in our community and across the country. Through the COVID pandemic, the City of Abbotsford fared better than other municipalities, due in large part to our agricultural community. Abbotsford has the most productive agriculture land in Canada on a per hectare basis and we are the number one agriculture producer approaching $1 billion in sales annually. Agriculture is truly the heart of our community."
– Abbotsford Mayor Henry Braun


text:
You can boot your Neo FreeRunner in the following ways:
- You can power it up into an Openmoko image directly (default, when powered-on for the first time).
- You can boot it into the U-Boot bootloader via NAND Flash.
- You can boot it into U-Boot via NOR Flash.
Booting the device into NAND and NOR Flash allows you to update the kernel and root filesystem.
Start the Openmoko Image
Press and hold Power button for about 8 seconds, until the Openmoko splash screen turns up. You may now release the Power button and the Neo FreeRunner will continue to boot into the Openmoko Image.
Log into U-Boot in the NAND Flash
- Press and hold Power button
- Then while still pressing the Power button, press and hold AUX button for 5 to 8 seconds.
- A boot menu will appear. This indicates the NAND flash has booted.
- Press the AUX button to select one of the options and then press the Power button to execute.
Log into U-Boot in the NOR Flash
This option is usually used by developers or when flashing (imaging) the FreeRunner.
- Press and hold the AUX button
- While still pressing the AUX button, press and hold the Power button.
- Then release the AUX button (not required?)
- You should see the boot menu for the NOR Flash. This means you have entered the NOR flash.
Flashing can be performed when the NOR boot menu is active.
There are six options you can choose when you log into the NOR Flash.
- Boot from MicroSD
- Set console to USB
- Set console to Serial
- Power off
If you cannot log into U-Boot in NAND flash then you can log into U-Boot in the NOR flash either.
|| NOTE: The term Logging in used in this context means to turn on the device using the described method, and leaving it at the U-Boot menu. To avoid the device automatically booting, tap the AUX key to move the selector bar. Note also that the device will not automatically turn off while flashing is in progress.


How Much Should A Guinea Pig Weigh?
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Guinea pigs can live long lives – even up to 9 years. With proper care, many guinea pig owners are able to extend their pets' lives – going beyond their normal lifespan. But properly caring for a guinea pig has its own challenges, especially when it comes to the critter's health.
A healthy guinea pig would be distinguishable when you look closely at its eyes, nose, fur, and bottom part.
One of the most obvious determinants of health would be the guinea pig's own weight. An increase or decrease in weight says a lot about a guinea pig's condition. With this being said, exactly how much should a guinea pig weigh?
animal weight balanca
Why It Matters?
Because they are prey animals, guinea pigs have become adept at hiding what they're feeling so as not to show any signs of weakness that their predators would surely take advantage of. This would include whatever pain and weakness that they may feel. While guinea pigs have already come far from their wild origins, they have kept this trait even through their domestication.
Their ability to mask their emotions makes it difficult to assess the true conditions of guinea pigs. Thankfully, their appearance isn't something they can easily hide, especially their weight. Monitoring their weight could help you prevent your pet from becoming overweight or underweight.
Changes in weight could become dangerous for guinea pigs. Here's why:
When a guinea pig becomes overweight, or worse, obese, it can damage its overall health. This is because guinea pigs' bones aren't designed to handle too much weight. Not only that, the added weight makes them highly susceptible to arthritis, high blood pressure, and heart disease.
This could ultimately shorten the guinea pigs' lifespan. Since guinea pigs are naturally carnivores and eat little fat, becoming overweight is quite uncommon for their kind. If you have an overweight or obese guinea pig, you can get it into a reducing diet.
If a guinea pig becomes underweight despite giving it a well-balanced diet, you should take it immediately to a veterinarian because chances are, parasites have infested its body or it is suffering from a genetic disease.
cute american guinea pig
Ideal Guinea Pig Weight
Guinea pigs can grow from 8 to 11 inches long and their weight should always be relative to their size.
While the ideal weight of a guinea pig can best be determined by its size, males should weigh around 900 to 1200 grams or 1.98 to 2.65 pounds. The average guinea pig weight for females, on the other hand, is around 700 to 900 grams or 1.54 to 1.98 pounds.
Guinea pig weight can be affected by several factors including sex, breed, and even litter size wherein the bigger the litter, the lighter the pups. When they are born, expect guinea pig pups to be somewhere between 60 and 120 grams. Usually, the smallest pup in the litter should be given close monitoring because it is the most at risk of not surviving.
As they grow up, you may notice them gaining weight at an incredible rate – about 30 to 50 grams per week. However, as they reach maturity, you would find the weight gain slowing down or halting. When they fully mature, males (boars) are often 20 to 25 percent bigger than females (sows).
Monitoring Guinea Pig Weight
Constantly keeping track of your guinea pig's weight is important because conditions like malocclusion, bloat, anorexia, and digestive problems are all too common with these animals. Using a digital weighing scale, monitor your guinea pig's weight at least once a week.
Placing the guinea pig in a bowl during the weighing process can help if your pet is moving a lot. Just don't forget to subtract the weight of the bowl so you don't get inaccurate readings.
If you think your guinea pig isn't feeling too well or is not eating normally, keep track of the critter's weight twice a day.
Sizing Guinea Pigs
Sizing your guinea pigs is a good way to make sure your pet is in an ideal weight. Typical guinea pig sizes would include: very thin, thin, normal, overweight, and obese.
 - Very Thin
One of the defining characteristics of a very thin guinea pig is their prominent ribs. Each rib could be felt easily along with the spine and the hips. Since they are very prominent and visible, even with the slightest touch, you'd be able to feel them.
Furthermore, the spine would appear hunched and there is also a visible under-abdominal curve. A very thin guinea pig would be 20 percent below the ideal body weight.
If your pet falls under this category, there is no doubt that it is underweight. Consult your veterinarian to find out any underlying medical causes as to why the guinea pig is underweight. If your pet is deemed unhealthy, the vet may advise a dietary and lifestyle change for your guinea pig.
 - Thin
Unlike the first size category, thin guinea pigs do not have prominent rib cages, spine or hips. However, if you touch them, they will be easily felt. There will still be an abdominal curve but it would be less than that of a very thin guinea pig.
If your pet is thin, there is a chance that it naturally has a lean physique or it is underweight. Just to be sure you can consult with your veterinarian about your pet's size. Usually, guinea pigs of this category weigh around 10 to 20 percent below the average.
 - Normal
This is the ideal guinea pig size. When your pet is of a normal or ideal size, there will be no prominent rib cage, hips or spine. The ribs couldn't be felt individually but the same cannot be said with the hips and spine. There won't be an abdominal curve and the chest would be narrower than the bottom area.
If your pet is of a normal body size, it can help extend the guinea pig's lifespan. However, you also bear the responsibility of maintaining this body size. To do that, you would need to closely monitor the guinea pig's weight and make sure it eats a stable healthy diet.
 - Overweight
When a guinea pig is overweight, it is usually 10 to 15 percent above the ideal weight. Since there is more weight, the ribs would be more difficult to locate while the hips and spine would not be easily felt. Furthermore, you may notice that an overweight guinea pig's feet will not always be visible.
An overweight guinea pig is at risk of having a shorter life along with medical conditions like heart disease, arthritis, and high blood pressure among others.
Just like with underweight guinea pigs, you may need to consult with a vet in order to determine the cause of your pet's excessive weight. This is usually caused by an unhealthy lifestyle but there is also a possibility that your guinea pig is suffering from a medical condition.
The vet would guide you on how to proceed with reducing the weight of your pet guinea pig.
 - Obese
The heaviest of body types, guinea pigs suffering from obesity are often 15 to 20 percent above the ideal weight. Obese cavies have ribs, hips, and spines that are unable to be felt unless dealt with pressure which may harm your pet. The body shape is also not distinguishable and its belly may be touching the floor causing the feet not to be seen.
Obesity is a dangerous condition and makes the guinea pig highly susceptible to numerous health complications. This is why you should seek professional help immediately if you don't want to lose your pet prematurely.
Domesticated guinea pigs rely on their owners to survive and the lifestyle they build is mainly influenced by the decisions their pet parents make for them. Because of this, you would need to be responsible for raising your pet. To do this, you have to set a proper diet for them that would include all the food they need to meet their nutritional requirements and making sure that you do not overfeed or underfeed them.
You even need to play a big role in their physical activities; providing them with opportunities to stay active. Furthermore, it would be your job to monitor their health. If you notice any fluctuations in your pet's weight, you have to find out their causes or take the animal to the vet to help you out.
Guinea pigs live fairly long lives but only if you raise them right.
Carlye Yancey
Carlye Yancey
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text:
Senior secondary education is designed to prepare students for initial entry into the workforce, for vocational education and training and higher education studies. It is undertaken in Years 11 and 12.
There are two key senior secondary education accrediting bodies in Victoria, the Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority (VCAA), and the International Baccalaureate (IB).
The VCAA accredits the two Victorian senior secondary qualifications, the Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) and the Victorian Certificate of Applied Learning (VCAL).
The IB accredits the International Baccalaureate Diploma, which is a globally recognised senior secondary qualification.
In Victoria, the VRQA is responsible for the:
- registration of senior secondary providers to deliver one or more senior secondary qualification:
- in schools
- in non-school settings.
- registration to become a senior secondary awarding body
- accreditation of senior secondary qualifications.
For information about applying to provide senior secondary education, see:
To search for registered senior secondary providers, see:
For information about becoming an awarding body or about accreditation of senior secondary qualifications, see:


Southdown's June Star Student Award recipients are an exceptional group of boys and girls.
Southdown Closes Year by Honoring its Stars
June 30, 2021
As the school year drew to a close, Southdown Primary School faculty and staff members wanted to present a final round of Star Student Awards before everyone headed for the exits and summer vacation.
The last Southdown Splash Assembly, which once again was held in a virtual format, recognized some really outstanding youngsters. Principal Scott Oshrin was excited to announce the names of the award recipients. A short assembly video was piped into classrooms and available to those who were participating in a distance learning program.
The honorees include:
Universal Pre-Kindergarten: Autumn Stancil-Moore, Brianna Uzho; Kindergarten: Tayla Quin, Anthius Vanbrakle, Ashley Hernandez Velasquez, Alexander Zavala Nunez, Jake Bradshaw, Angel Rodriguez Rodriguez, Bella Coppinger, Jay Fuentez; First Grade: Justin Banegas Galdamez, Kaileen Silva, Jadyn Adam, Harrison Weston, Addison King, Nancy Yanes Ulloa, Valerie Morales Campos, Ashley Flores Canales, Katherine Sorto Lopez, Genesis Velasquez Aguilar; Second Grade: Kimberly Gonzalez, Michael "Mikey" Spagnoletti, Amora Ingram, Andy Velasquez Arevalo, Mileidy DePaz Cruz, Eddyll Jaco Oliva, Theodore Fischer, Evangeline Pearce; Third Grade: Ashley Avalos Cedillos, Stephen Pagan, William Duenas, Luis Ponce Reyes, Hazzell Perez Argueta, Jeremy Godoy Calderon
Two Southdown students were selected from every class in the building for formal recognition at the "splash" assembly. The school considers these youngsters to be its stars of the month. Teacher Theresa Duffy was June's faculty award recipient in recognition of everything she does around the building.
Mr. Oshrin announced the names of each award winner. The virtual assembly was held during the regular school day so that students in school and at home could view the proceedings simultaneously. Click on this link to view the short film:
Every Splash Assembly has a special focus that highlights an important educational component. During last week's program teacher Pamela Schwarting discussed being safe and having fun this summer. Everything from wearing sun block to reading good books was covered during the short session.
The phrase Splash Assembly is a takeoff on the school's mascot, which is a dolphin, an aquatic mammal that's known for flipping around in the water and splashing anyone nearby. Think 1960's television show Flipper.


Become a STF groups member
From Karnataka Open Educational Resources
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ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿ ನೋಡಲು ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಕ್ಲಿಕ್ ಮಾಡಿ
How to become a STF groups member
You can request to become a member of STF group for your subject, by entering information in this google form. Within a week, you will be added to the group.
How to become a whatsapp, hike, telegram (phone based groups) member
See information in this document about existing phone based groups in Karnataka, if you want to join a group, please send a SMS to the admin of the whatsapp/ hike / telegram phone based groups (Please DO NOT send a email to the STF mailing groups), with following informationYour full name, name of school / institution, subject taught by you, name of District / Taluka, Cell phone number and email id
Whatsapp / Hike / Telegram group admin members should fill up information about their group here. However, membership of the phone groups depends on the admin of the group. Some groups may not want to allow open entry to others. However the STF mailing groups are open to all teachers in Karnataka.
Mailing tips for a STF member
 1. The group is an academic space. Hence all mails should have some academic concern. Purely personal mails, mails which do not have any connection to academic issues, should not be sent to the forum
 2. If you want to write to only one person, who has sent the mail, do not send to the groups, send only to the person. For example, if you want to join a whatsapp group, please reply only to the person who has sent the mail for forming the group. If you select REPLY, it will go to the groups. Hence remove that, and copy paste the person's email id.
 3. Give a meaningful subject line. Just saying 'Hi' etc can be avoided. If the subject line gives a good idea of the contents, then we can decide whether to read that email or not. If the topic does not interest us, we may chose not to read it, or to read it later. For example if you want some information on Formative Assessment (FA) and you reply to a mail saying "Please add to groups" no one may see your mail. Giving correct subject line helps all the people to determine whether they want to open a mail or not. A CBZ teacher may decide not to open a mail which says "Direct common tangent Geogebra file"
 4. If you are attaching a file, give the file a meaningful name. Names like 'doc1.odt' or 'harish.odt' are meaningless. File name should suggest what the file is about, e.g. 'Congruent triangles.ggb'. If you are attaching a file, give a description of the attachment in the mail itself.
 5. End every mail with your name, school name and taluka name. You can also add your cell number. This can be done automatically in gmail, by selecting the'signature' option under'settings'
 6. The volume of STF Mails tends to be quite high. You may want to separate STF mails from your other mails. In such as case you can set a 'filter' in your Gmail or in your Thunderbird mail client to move all STF Mails to a separate folder so that your Inbox is free to receive other mails
 7. Use search option in your Googlegroups to search for the resource you want. For example if you want Work plan, you should first search in your STF googlegroups - all the mails with "work plan" will be displayed for you. After seeing all those, if you still want to send a mail for Work Plan you can send. Of course, for this to work, we must use correct subject line.
 8. In case you feel any teacher is sending many mails in which you do not have an interest, you can set a 'filter' to move 'all mails received from that email id to another folder so that it does not come in your inbox. By using 'filters' feature, we can reduce spending time on mails which we do not want to read and focusing on mails we want to. Thus using these technical features of email, we can reduce the load of emails in our Inbox.
 9. Email is a more complete communication than SMS and Whatsapp and hence can be more useful. Please use it like how you would write a letter, with details. In your sms or Whatsapp, there is a character limit - Not so for email. You can attach many kinds of files, you can't do it on sms. If you have a good resource you want to share with other teachers, it is better to share with STF google groups, in addition to sharing on WhatsApp, because more teachers can access it. Similarly, if you are a Whatsapp admin, share useful discussions back with the forum - more teachers will benefit.
We will publish on a google document the names and admins of various Whatsapp groups; so please visit this page before you decide to start a group/ want to join a group.
Email guidelines for all members
This section discussions guidelines for considering which mails are good for the forum and which are not. This should be seen as a draft framework for discussions amongst STF teachers.
 1. Celebrate - these are excellent emails that all of us love to receive. Some good resource made by a teacher or accessed and shared. Some very thought provoking ideas relating to teaching learning. Some wise comments on a troubling social issue. Since the objective of the STF is to provide opportunities for teachers for peer learning, sharing, most of the types of mails mentioned in section above would come in this category, as follows
 1. Core academic issues for the subject, such as discussion of a topic from the text book
 2. Broader issues relating to the subject - such as history of mathematics, famous scientists, writers etc
 3. Still broader issues relating to education, which may not be restricted to the subject itself. For example, environmental pollution, life skills etc
 4. Still broader social issues such as elections, national calamities. For a teacher, it is not sufficient to simply be maths and science teachers alone. Discussion on broader issues can also contribute to our development as humane teachers and active citizens. Basically, the purpose of the forum is to broaden, deepen the knowledge and understanding of the teacher, not only as a subject teacher, but as for the larger role of a concerned citizen, tasked with the responsibility of preparing responsible citizens, hence needing to have wider/larger and informed perspectives on a wide variety of issues/areas.
 2. Accept - most mails may not be brilliant or wise, but still are informative, or share the thoughts and ideas of a teacher.
 1. We need to have a broad interpretation of the teaching profession. We must have deep subject knowledge. We must also have good teaching skills. However, beyond both, as teacher, we are concerned citizens and also responsible to create responsible citizens. This means teachers must be concerned with a wide range of educational as well as social issues. For e.g. is a discussion on eve teasing relevant to STF. If we think that life skills are important part of the curriculum for all subjects, then of course this is relevant. Similarly since NCF suggests taking a multi-disciplinary approach to teaching, different subjects need to be integrated for the learner. This means that any subject teacher can be, should be and even must be interested in other subjects as well. A topic like 'water' can be discussed from maths, science, social science, language (perhaps all subjects!!) perspectives.
 2. Sometimes we may feel that a mail is not really useful, in such cases we can ask ourselves - is the teacher intending to be negative or disruptive? Is the teacher repeatedly sending blank or meaningless or irrelevant mails. Many teachers are joining the forum all the time, and these new teachers will need sometime to adjust to the group norms. During this time they may send irrelevant mails. We should gently and firmly guide them that the purpose of the STF is professional development of teachers through sharing and discussions and irrelevant mails add to the load of reading. However if a teacher repeatedly sends meaningless mails, then the group manager can put such a teacher under'moderation', so that mails from that teacher need to be approved before coming on the list. In case you think any teacher is repeatedly sending irrelevant mails, please send a mail to with your feedback.
 3. It is be felt that purely administrative matters, such as teacher transfers, formats of maintaining registers etc. are not discussed in the STF forum. However, occasional sharing of circulars, orders may be useful to alert teachers and hence may be seen as useful. Issues like mutual transfers, which can be large in volume, can be moved to discussion forums where only interested teachers can record their requests and see other teachers requests. All other teachers who do not need information on mutual transfers, need not see that information.
 3. Reject / Disallow - Rude or offensive mails must not be allowed. Differences of opinion is to be expected in a such a diverse group of teachers from across an entire state, however, this does not entitle us to be rude or offensive. We must make our points/submissions politely and


Are there really tannins in coffee?
15 October, 2020
Are there really tannins in coffee?
by BH Learn
At Barista Hustle, we talk about tannins fairly often. We have posted about how tannins are responsible for astringency, the mouth-drying feeling you get in coffee, and how they may be the culprit behind some of the negative flavours associated with 'over-extraction' and channelling. Because astringency is such a key component of over-extraction flavours, and because controlling channelling is so important in achieving high, even extractions, this topic comes up frequently.
And yet, there is some debate, going right back to the 1920s, as to whether coffee contains tannins at all.
Until now, we've mostly skirted around this topic, talking about pseudo-tannins or tannin-like molecules as well as tannins. We want to finally address this, and be clear about what molecules we're referring to when we talk about tannins.
Our position is that there is plenty of evidence that some kind of tannins are present in coffee. In fact, the broadest definition of tannins includes familiar molecules like the chlorogenic acids.
We expect that larger tannins are responsible for much of the negative flavours and mouthfeel associated with channelling and over-extraction. While there's some evidence that such molecules may exist in coffee, it's not yet known exactly which molecules are involved. Until we learn more about the specific compounds involved, 'tannins' is the most accurate and precise word that we can use.
In the rest of this paper, we'll explain why.
What are tannins?
Broadly speaking, tannins are polyphenolic biological molecules that bind to and precipitate proteins. Different types of tannins are found all over the plant kingdom, including in tree heartwood and bark, in unripe fruits, and in the leaves of plants such as tea.
Because tannins bind to proteins, they have an astringent effect in foods. The dry feeling of astringency in the mouth results from tannins binding to salivary proteins and interfering with the ability of saliva to lubricate the inside of the mouth.
The word 'tannin' comes from the leather industry, where tannins derived from plants were used to 'tan' animal skins, making them more durable. One of the main sources of tannins was oak bark, called tann in ancient Celtic languages, but any plant compound that would bind the proteins in animal skin could be used.
Because of the importance of this effect, whether a particular compound is considered a tannin is generally determined by its ability to bind proteins, rather than a specific chemical structure. This means that unlike some categories of chemicals, the definition of what constitutes a tannin is not necessarily rigid or universally agreed on, and different definitions have been proposed over the years (S Quideau 2009).
Most tannins fall into one of three main categories, based on their chemical structure: Hydrolysable tannins, based on gallic acid; condensed tannins, based on flavanol, and the phlorotannins, found in brown algae. However, other types of tannin have been identified and our knowledge of these compounds is always expanding: for example, a group of chemicals called oligostilbenoids were first identified to act as tannins in 1993 (Boralle et al 1993).
In the early twentieth century, some tannin-like compounds were isolated from coffee and called 'caffetannic acid', assumed to be a type of tannin like those found in tea. However, 'caffetannic acid' turned out to be not a type of tannic acid but instead a mixture of molecules, mainly chlorogenic acids (Ukers 1922). This led Lingle in the Coffee Brewer's Handbook (1996) to state that the phenolic compounds in coffee were "incorrectly classified as tannins", based on this early research. However, the fact that this one isolate turned out to be mainly chlorogenic acids does not prove that no tannins are present in coffee at all. Plenty of research testing for tannins in coffee has found that they are present — for example, one paper finds that roasted coffee contains about half as much tannin as tea (Savolainen 1992).
Testing for tannins
Since tannins bind proteins, classification of tannins often depends on whether they show a positive result in various chemical tests that involve testing the ability of the tannin to bind protein. One such test is called the 'Goldbeater's Skin Test', in which the presence of tannin causes a distinctive blue-black colour to appear on a thin layer of cattle intestine. Other tests use different protein sources such as gelatin or albumin as the basis of the test.
However, whether a tannin binds to a protein depends on the protein used in the test (Hagermann 1998), so not all tests work equally well with all tannins. As a result, some molecules are classified as tannins by some tests, but not by others. Compounds that show tannin activity in some tests, but that don't show a positive result in the Goldbeater's Skin Test, are called pseudo-tannins. One such compound is chlorogenic acid, which is abundant in coffee.
Despite the name, pseudo-tannins are considered a sub-category of tannin by some sources — so a pseudo-tannin is still a tannin. By this definition, chlorogenic acid itself can be included as a tannin, and indeed it is listed as a tannin in the National Library of Medicine's PubChem database. However, chlorogenic acid is readily soluble in water, so a significant proportion will be extracted even in a well-extracted brew. When we talk about the importance of tannins in the correct extraction of coffee, we are really talking about larger molecules, that will only dissolve in large amounts if we've done something wrong.
Larger tannins
Whether or not chlorogenic acid (CQA) 'counts' as a tannin, it's clear that there are also other, larger molecules responsible for the harsh astringency of a channelled brew. One possible culprit is dichlorogenic acid (di-CQA) — a type of chlorogenic acid that has two caffeic acids attached to the quinic acid instead of one.
Chlorogenic acid (left) and dichlorogenic acid (right). Dichlorogenic acid has two caffeic acid units, so is a larger molecule and binds to proteins more strongly.
Dichlorogenic acid binds to proteins much more strongly than chlorogenic acid (Okuda & Ito 2011) and so has stronger tanning activity, and many sources that don't count CQA as a tannin do include di-CQA. Dichlorogenic acid may be responsible for the astringency associated with unripe coffee beans, since unripe beans contain a higher proportion of dichlorogenic acid.
More recently, other tannin-like compounds have also been identified in coffee. Using modern techniques that can pin-point the molecular structure of individual molecules, Low et al (2015) found evidence of other types of tannin-like compounds in spent coffee grounds, including catechins, the building blocks of tannins found in tea, as well as the appropriately-named molecule 'astringin', found in wine. The way the molecules are extracted for testing makes it hard to definitively say if these building blocks are joined together to form large tannins in the coffee itself, or if they just exist as individual subunits. However, the authors suggest that the larger tannins are likely to be present.
Why call them tannins?
If we're not sure exactly what type of molecules are causing the astringent effect that we see in coffee, then why do we still generally use the word tannins when talking about problems with brewed coffee?
For us, the reason is that the word 'tannin' is mainly used to tell us what the molecule does, rather than what it looks like. We know that some astringency in coffee is caused by molecules that bind to proteins in the way that tannins do, and that astringency is very important in determining the quality of a brew. Using a more general term such as 'phenolic compounds' includes lots of molecules that don't have this effect, and behave quite differently in an extraction.
For this reason, we need a word that specifically describes larger molecules that bind to proteins and cause astringency, and 'tannin' fits the bill exactly. This word is widely used this way, in both the coffee industry and in the scientific literature. In fact, having chosen our preferred definition of tannins, to use another word such as 'phenolic molecules' is both less accurate and less precise. As always, we are happy to update our position as new information becomes available, or widely accepted definitions change, but as things stand we are quite confident in saying that yes, there are tannins in coffee.
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Where is Home? New Brunswick Communities Past and Present
Community name search
Located on Brothers Cove, 5.39 km NW of Saint John
: St. John County
: named for Thomas Millidge (_PHONE_), merchant, magistrate and Member of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, and Thomas Edward Millidge (_PHONE_) who was a shipbuilder for 33 years: PO _PHONE_: in 1866 Millidgeville was a farming, lumbering and shipbuilding community with about 40 families: in 1871 it had a population of 300: in 1898 Millidgeville had 1 post office, 4 stores, 1 hotel, 1 church, 1 hall, 1 sawmill and a population of 350: Millidgeville is now within the city of Saint John.
County location in province
County map showing parishes
New Brunswick cadastral maps show the basic features of the province along with the boundaries, lot number, and grantee's name for land granted by the province. These maps are cumulative, showing all grants regardless of date.
the full size version.


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Waranga western channel outlet
Looking along the channel from the outlet bridge.
Waranga Basin water storage was formed by building an embankment, completed in 1915, at one end of a natural basin. At the time of completion it was reputedly the largest project of its sort in the world. The capacity of the basin is 411,000 megalitres with 5848 hectares (58.5 square kilometres) of submerged land. The embankment runs for 7 kilometres with a maximum height of 12.2 metres.
Water is diverted from the Goulburn River at Goulburn Weir, via the Stuart Murray Canal and Cattanach Canal for off river storage in the basin to provide water for irrigation in several channels north and west across the floodplain of the Goulburn and Campaspe rivers. According to Wikipedia, Waranga Basin supplies water to the Central Goulburn Irrigation Area and Rochester Irrigation Area and as far as 180 kilometres to Pyramid Hill and Boort.


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A new research program launched by the FINRA Foundation and the Center for Economic and Social Research (CESR) has shown that repeated exposure to fraud awareness education can lower a person's susceptibility to investment fraud.
The study "Can Educational Interventions Reduce Susceptibility to Financial Fraud?", which was focused on adults in the United States, showed that fraud awareness education can make a person more likely to recognize investment frauds.
The new findings were announced in a FINRA press release in March, 2021.
Repeated exposure might be the key
"These findings underscore the need for repeated exposure to educational resources that enable individuals to make informed choices and help them to recognize, avoid and report financial fraud," says Gerri Walsh, President of the FINRA Foundation. "Practitioners working in this space have been forced to rely on anecdotal evidence when justifying their efforts because until now, very little published research has examined whether educational interventions can meaningfully reduce individuals' susceptibility to financial fraud, whether they discourage investing in general, and whether any positive effects might persist over time."
Is online education the answer?
The study indicates that more online education might be a feasible way of reducing consumers' likelihood of being the victims of investment fraud.
"Our research suggests that short, easily scalable online education programs can meaningfully reduce adults' susceptibility to investment fraud—and that these effects can persist with repeated exposure," says CESR researcher Jeremy Burke.
Does scam awareness make people less interested in investing?
Does awareness of frauds and scams make a person less willing to invest in anything, even in legitimate investment opportunities?
The answer from this study is no, as the project found no evidence that the interventions reduced consumers' interest in investing in legitimate investment opportunities.
A study on 2,000 adults
The study was comprised of 2,000 adults in the United States. The individuals were drawn from the Understanding America Study – a nationally representative survey panel.
The three groups
Each of the 2,000 individuals was randomly assigned to one of three groups.
- The video group
Individuals in the video group were provided with a 3-minute long educational video about five techniques often present in investment frauds.
- The text group
Individuals in the text group was provided with reading materials about techniques often present in investment frauds. This was the same information as in the video, but in a concise text format.
- The control group
Individuals in the control group received no educational materials.
Researchers measured fraud susceptibility in the three groups immediately after the educational intervention (or for the control group: lack of intervention) and then again six months later.
The testing was carried out using investment pitches drawn from real-world investment offers. Legitimate offers were mixed with fraudulent offers.
A second educational intervention
Some of the members of the video group and the text group received a second educational intervention three months after the first one. This was to see if repeated exposure to educational material would have any impact.
Notable findings from the study
- The educational interventions had an immediate positive impact. This was true for both video intervention and text intervention. Both groups displayed a significantly lower willingness to invest in fraudulent offers compared to the control group.
- The impact of the first educational intervention decayed over time.
- Individuals who received a secondary intervention three months after the first one were less likely to invest in fraudulent opportunities at the six-month mark compared to the control group. (Those who received the secondary intervention were 10% less likely to go for the fraudulent opportunities compared to the control group.)
- The educational interventions did not impact the individuals' willingness to invest in legitimate investment offers at the six-month mark.
Cognitive ability and financial literacy are important to benefit from educational intervention
In the study, an individual's cognitive ability and financial literacy was shown to be very important for their ability to benefit from educational interventions.
- Individuals with higher cognitive ability and higher financial literacy disproportionately benefited from the educational interventions.
- Researchers did not see any effect of the interventions for those with low cognitive ability or low financial literacy.
This last point is of course very interesting and also concerning since it highlights how these types of educational interventions (video or text) might not be able to reach individuals in an impactful way when cognitive abilities and/or financial literacy levels are low.
Fraud is more compelling than honest investment opportunities
Another very interesting finding from this study was that despite the effectiveness of the interventions, study participants were still more willing to invest in fraudulent opportunities than legitimate ones. This was true across all treatment conditions. This is likely due to the fact that financial frauds often promise higher returns than honest business opportunities. A contributor factor is that financial frauds often are based on complicated financial instruments. It can, as an example, be very hard to differentiate a fraudulent and an honest forex instrument without knowing extensive knowledge of the forex trading industry.
About Center for Economic and Social Research (CESR)
CESR is a center within the University of Southern California's Dana and David Dornsife School of Letters, Arts and Sciences.
The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) is a private United States corporation that acts as a self-regulatory organization for member brokerage firms and exchange markets. It is the largest independent regulator for all securities firms doing business in the United States.


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Broken surround loudspeaker replacement get
In General, you should replace a defective bead. In the Internet you can find numerous providers for speaker parts. In order for the surround to fit but also, you need to consider a few things.
- The size alone is not decisive. The beading also needs to match your loudspeaker model.
- There are beads made of foam and rubber. The latter have a slightly longer lifespan. In General, you should choose the Material that was previously used in your speakers.
Speaker surround repair - how it works
You have found the right bead, you can get started.
- First loosen the screws on the speaker to the chassis.
- Next, remove the trim ring.
- Now you can remove the beading. Scrape off the bead remains carefully from the speaker Chassis. For this purpose, a sharp carpet knife is best.
- Even after a thorough Scraping off glue remnants are surely present. You remove these with petrol and a brush.
- Also from the diaphragm, you need to scrape off the beading remains.
- Everything is clean, coat the membrane edge with glue. Let the glue a bit to dry, before you go any further.
- Now place the bead on the diaphragm edge and center bead. Fix it then with brackets.
- Turn to conclude, the beading between the brackets to the top and brush the top of the Chassis with glue.
- The adhesive needs about an hour to dry out.
There are other reasons why speakers do not sound clean. Crackling speakers, for example, read in a further practical tip on what to do can.


Mobius Encyclopaedia
Dark Gaia
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Dark Gaia
First Appearance
Sonic the Hedgehog #259
Biographical information
 - Dark Gaia
 - Deity
Physical description
Political Alignment and Abilities
Notable Super Forms
Dark Gaia is a primordial hyper energy organism that lies beneath the surface of Sonic's World and has been in eternal conflict with Light Gaia. Together they have maintained a cycle of destruction and rebirth since the dawn of time.
When Amy Rose met Sonic the Hedgehog for the first time at Never Lake, an illustration that heavily resembled Dark Gaia (as well as Chip) could be seen on one of her tarrot cards (the same set that allegedly predicted her first meeting with Sonic), possibly fortelling of the beasts eventual awakening. (StH: #290)
Awoken Too Soon
Dark Gaia Mural
A mural depicting the Dark Gaia.
According to Professor Pickle, Dark Gaia had a history of causing the planet to break up into fragments, not unlike the situation that resulted during shattered world crisis. Tikal indicated that the breaking of the planet following the Super Genesis Wave was an acceleration of the natural cycle, happening prior to its proper time. As a result, Light Gaia was left weakened and unprepared for the task that lay ahead of it. Additionally, portions of the creature's energy began seeping through the cracks in the planet, and some coalesced into Dark Gaia Creatures. (StH: #259, SU: #63).
After Sonic beat Dr. Eggman's Egg Dragoon, Dark Gaia finally regained its consciousness thanks to Eggman gathering its fragments with the Summoning Spire. Now strong enough on its own, it began reabsorbing its energies from across the globe, allowing to mature from its incomplete state into its "perfect form". (StH: #286, #287)
Dark Gaia is capable of exerting its essence as a corruptive, yet potent energy gas referred to as Dark Gaia Energy. This energy is capable of causing mutations at night, blocking spirits, and enhancing negative feelings. When coalescing, it can also create hostile monsters.
Background Information
 - Dark Gaia Mural
 Dark Gaia is the main antagonist of the game Sonic Unleashed. The storyline in which it appears in the comic is based on the story of said game.
 - Dark Gaia was first referred to in StH#193, though it was not referred to by name nor was actually seen on panel. Additionally, the story in which it was referred to took place in the Another Time, Another Place universe.
 - in Sonic Unleashed, Dark Gaia's essence was seen to put people in depressed moods; the comics indicate that it can also increase aggressive tendencies, and that high concentrations can lead to mutations as seen in the case of Sonic.
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Admins can further restrict the details screen by enabling "focus views". For each focus view you can define a screen with distinct fields, a distinct layout and most importantly a more finely-grained permission structure. An example of such a finely-grained structure is that admin can choose which users or groups should be allowed to see the layout, and even more importantly, he/she can write a groovy script which returns a list of users who should be allowed to view this layout. The 'focus views' function is only available in 'Early access'.
 1. Select Layouts Scheme in the sidebar on the left.
 The list of Layout Schemes will be displayed.
 2. Click on Configure Focus View
 3. Click on Add .
 The "Focused Views" dialog will be displayed
Configure focus view
Fill out the following fields:
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We have investigated chemical states and charge density in HfSiON films as a function of depth using x-ray irradiation time-dependent photoemission spectroscopy. N 1s core-level photoemission spectra deconvoluted into three components depend on HfSiON thickness, indicating the component, which is attributed to the N atoms bonded to Hf atoms, has peak near the surface. On the other hand, charge density estimated from band bending in Si from Si 2p photoemission spectra is also distributed mainly near the surface. These results indicate that the origin of the negative charge trapping can be directly related to the presence of Hf-N bonds.
ASJC Scopus subject areas


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What is Opus(OPT)?
This is a question that many people are asking, and for good reason. Opus is a new cryptocurrency that has been generating a lot of buzz lately. It was created in 2017 by the company BitShares Munich. So far, it has proven to be quite successful, and there is a lot of excitement surrounding it. In this blog post, we will discuss what Opus is, how it works, and why you should consider investing in.
Who Are the Founders of Opus(OPT)?
The team behind OPUS(OPT) is quite impressive. It is led by serial entrepreneur andBitShares founder, Stan Larimer. Other notable members of the team include BitShares core developer, Fabian Schuh, and former Bitcoin Foundation director Peter Vessenes. With such a strong team in place, it is no wonder that OPT is one of the leading altcoins.
Opus(OPT) Live Price
What Makes Opus(OPT) unique?
There are a few things that make OPT unique. First, it is the first cryptocurrency to be built on the BitShares blockchain. This gives it a lot of potential because the BitShares blockchain is very robust and scalable. Additionally, OPUS is also the first cryptocurrency to use the Delegated Proof of Stake (DPOS) consensus.


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The Civil Rights History Project: Survey of Collections and Repositories
Delaware Public Archives
121 Duke of York Street
Email: [email protected]
Repository URL: _URL_
Repository code: dear
Repository description (extant): The Delaware Public Archives is one of the oldest public archives programs in the country. Created by the General Assembly in 1905, the Archives cut the ribbon on its current home on December 7, 2000.
The mission of the Delaware Public Archives is three-fold:
1. To identify, collect, and preserve public records of enduring historical and evidential value;
2. To ensure access to public records for present and future generations of Delawareans; and
3. To advise and educate in the creation, management, use, and preservation of public records
The Archives holds more than 95,000 cubic feet of government records and historical documents.
Repository type: State Archive/Library
Historic audio selections


Penetration of Photovoltaics in Greece
Eugenia Giannini, Antonia Moropoulou, Zacharias Maroulis, Glykeria Siouti
2015 Energies
Recently, an interesting experiment was completed in Greece concerning photovoltaic penetration into the electricity production sector. Based on the relevant laws and in accordance to the related European directives, an explosive penetration process was completed in less than three years, resulting in a 7% share of photovoltaics in electricity production instead of the previous negligible share. The legislation was based on licensing simplification and generous feed-in-tariffs. This approach
more »... s. This approach transformed photovoltaic technology from a prohibitively expensive to a competitive one. This work aims to summarize the relevant legislation and illustrate its effect on the resulting penetration. A sigmoid-shape penetration was observed which was explained by a pulse-type driving force. The return on investment indicator was proposed as an appropriate driving force, which incorporates feed-in-tariffs and turnkey-cost. Furthermore, the resulting surcharge on the electricity price due to photovoltaic penetration was also analyzed.
doi:10.3390/en8076497 fatcat:7f2jxxpnubg6xetwo6h357asbm


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Voluntarily implemented carbon labels have shown that there is a lack of motivation by companies to develop technology to reduce carbon emissions. This study examined consumer values for mandatory carbon labels in South Korea. Considering the altruistic nature of carbon labels, we asked about individuals' perceptions about the impact of climate change on their personal lives to measure consumer preference for carbon labels. Significant preference for mandatory carbon labels reflected Koreans' high level of concern about climate change. As an increasing number of consumers feel the impact of climate change, the gap of WTPs between low carbon labels and carbon measured labels is sufficient. The lower value of low-carbon labels as compared to GM labels indicates that consumers' guilt is not an appropriate strategy with carbon labels.
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How do you make greek cypriot coffee?
- Pour 1 espresso sized cup of water into a "brike". If you do not have a "brike" you can use a small pot.
- Place on a hot (i.e. the temperature you would use to bring water to a boil) stove
- Begin to bring the coffee to a boil
- Pour into your cup, let sit for 2 minutes and enjoy!
What is the difference between Greek coffee and regular coffee?
The process of boiling extracts more nutrients from the coffee beans. Furthermore, Greek coffee is comprised of Arabica coffee beans ground to a very fine powder. In this way, Greek coffee delivers more concentrated antioxidants than a normal cup of coffee, and it contains only a moderate amount of caffeine.
What is the optional ingredient to make a cup of Greek coffee?
a briki. a small coffee cup, about the size of a large espresso cup. greek coffee grounds sugar (optional).
What is special about Greek coffee?
Greek coffee is a strong brew of coffee, which is served with foam on the top (kaimaki) and the grounds at the bottom of the cup It is a style of coffee prepared using very finely ground coffee beans without filtering.
Is espresso the same as Greek coffee?
Greek coffee drinks require extremely fine coffee granules, which is sometimes called a turkish grind. These grounds are essentially powdered, almost the same texture as espresso powder, but they're not the same thing.
What is the difference between Turkish and Greek coffee?
If you order sweetened coffee turkey, it's traditionally brewed with sugar right in the cezve, while in Greece and in Arab countries, sugar's added afterward Arabic-style coffees also may get spiced with cardamom or cinnamon, which less less common in Turkey and Greece.
Why is my Greek coffee Grainy?
Practically speaking, this is because Greek coffee is prepared by boiling the coffee grounds which then settle to the bottom of the demi-tasse cup in which the coffee is served. Drink too quickly and these grounds may accidentally end up in your mouth (gritty and a bit gross).
What is Cypriot coffee?
Cyprus coffee is unique and unlike most types of coffee served in Europe. The Cyprus coffee is brewed in small, long handled pots, called "mbrikia" and those were traditionally made of copper. In addition, the Cypriot coffee is made from fresh coffee beans Brazilian.
What kind of coffee beans are used for Greek coffee?
Greek coffee is made from Arabica coffee beans , which are ground to a very fine powder (much finer than the coffee grinds in many other countries around the world). The coffee in Greece is similar to that in Turkey and throughout the Middle East.
What kind of coffee do they drink in Greece?
The Ibrik Or "Greek" Coffee Greek coffee, also known as "ibrik coffee" has been around – and remained popular – for centuries. It is finely ground coffee made and served from a "briki", also known as an "ibrik" (a small brass pot with a long handle).
Is Greek coffee healthier than American coffee?
The combination of boiling a fine grind gives Greek coffee a powerful, one-two health punch. Plus, you get less caffeine than in an American cup of coffee , so ounce for ounce it's a healthier choice.
What is Greek coffee called in Greek?
In Greek, this is called glykos or γλυκός and pronounced ghlee-KOHSS. For extra-strong sweet coffee, add 3 teaspoons of sugar and 2 heaping teaspoons of coffee to the briki and stir.
Is Greek coffee the healthiest?
According to many studies, Greek coffee can reduce the risk of premature death For instance, experts found that people on the island of Ikaria, who drink boiled Greek coffee at least once per day, have better cardiovascular health compared to others, with most locals living beyond 90 years of age.
Does Greek coffee have Cardamom?
Sharing is caring! This deep, rich, Turkish Coffee Recipe, is also known as Greek Coffee and Arab Coffee. The espresso used to make this Turkish coffee recipe is blended with ground cardamon , which gives this coffee its wonderful flavor.


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Chemical probing of histidine residues using specific modifiers, iodoacetic acid (IAA) and diethylpyrocarbonate (DEP) resulted in the inactivation of phytase (phy A). The kinetic theory of the substrate reaction during the modification of enzyme activity was applied to a study of the kinetics of the course of inactivation of phytase by IAA and DEP. The results suggested that histidine residues are involved in the active site of the enzyme. They also indicated that inactivation of the enzyme by IAA was via a complexing type inhibition, while the inhibition by DEP reaction involved a conformational change step before inactivation. The dissociation constant of the enzyme-inhibitor complex of IAA, the constant of the conformational change of DEP and the microscopic rate constants of two inhibitors were obtained.
Keywords: Phytase, inactivation, kinetics, iodoacetic acid, diethylpyrocarbonate
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