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Boost Your Income
A Guide to Canadian Government Benefit Programs and who can ApplyOctober 23, 2023
Depending on where you are in the stage of your life, there are plenty of government benefits to help you. That being said, there are some qualifications you need to meet in order to claim these benefits. Some of these government benefits also require you to apply, while others will automatically be implemented based on your income when you file your yearly tax return. Let's take a look at what government programs are offered in Canada.
Table of Contents Contents
Benefits for Families
In Canada, there are quite a few benefits for both low income and middle class families that can help to boost your monthly income. In order to qualify for them though, you must meet the eligibility criteria.
Canada Child Benefit
This is a tax free monthly benefit payment that helps families with the cost of raising children up until the age of 18. In order to qualify for the CCB then you must:
- Live with a child that is under the age of 18
- Be the primary caregiver for the child (children)
- Be a resident of Canada for tax purposes
You can apply online in order to receive the CCB and once you qualify you will start receiving benefits. Along with the government CCB benefits, there are also provincial child benefits that you can receive. You don't need to apply for these provincial benefits, they will automatically be applied if you qualify. Most of these provincial benefits will be received on the same payment dates as your CCB Payments.
Maternity and Parental Benefits
When your child is first born, your income drastically reduces when you stay home to care for your new child and adjust to your life. For this reason the government offers maternity and parental benefits.
With Maternity Benefits, they are only available to one parent who can't work for one of two reasons: they are pregnant or have recently given birth. Maternity payments are available for up to 15 weeks and you can get up to a maximum of $650 per week. Once this is up you could also be eligible for parental benefits.
Parental benefits are available to a parent who has a newborn or recently adopted a child. The full term of parental leave doesn't have to be taken consecutively but it will have to start the week the child is born or adopted. When you apply you must select between 2 different options: standard parental leave or extended parental leave.
In Canada, standard parental leave lasts for 12 months and you can earn up to a maximum of $650 per week. The extended parental leave can last for 18 months and you can earn up to a total of $390.
Benefits for Low Income Families and Individuals
In Canada, when you make under a certain amount of money you can get certain benefits from the government that can really help you make ends meet. The CRA not only takes into account your single income but your family income, also referred to as your adjusted net family income.
This is one of the government credits that you don't need to apply for. The GST/HST credit is automatically distributed based on your yearly net income. That being said, you do have to complete your yearly tax return in order to get eligible so you must be at least a Canadian resident for tax purposes.
In order to qualify you must meet at least one of the following criteria:
- Be at least 19 years of age
- Have (or had) a spouse or common law partner
- Are (were) a parent and live (lived) with your child
The annual income requirements for this credit are:
- Under $52,255 for a single person
- A combined income of $69,015 or less for a couple with 4 children
Climate Action Incentive Payment (CAIP)
This is another payment that you will automatically qualify for if you meet the requirements. All you need to do is complete your yearly tax return. It is a tax free amount that is given to offset the cost of federal pollution pricing. However, this credit is only available to residents of Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Ontario. This is because the other provinces and territories run their own climate action programs and off their own provincial incentives.
In order to qualify for this credit, you must:
- Be at least 19 years of age
- Have (or had) a spouse or common law partner
- Are (were) a parent and live (lived) with your child
The benefit amount that you receive from the CAIP will be determined based on your net family income.
Canada Workers Benefit
The CWB is a refundable tax credit that is meant for those who are low income and working and just don't have quite enough money. In order to get the benefit you must claim it on your tax return. To qualify you must:
- Earn working income
- Be a Canadian resident
- Be at least 19 years of age
You are not eligible if you are a full time student. That being said, there are 2 parts to this benefit, the regular benefit and the disability benefit. For the regular benefit, you must make no more than $33,015 as your yearly adjusted net income. As a family, your total income can't be more than $43,212.
For the disability benefit, your adjusted net income can't be more than $37,932 as a single person or $53,037 for a family.
The Canada Dental Benefit is a fairly new government benefit. This is a benefit intended to lower dental costs for Canadian families with an income less than $90,000 annually who don't have any dental coverage. This benefit is currently only available for children who are 12 years of age or older.
How it works is that there are 2 different periods you can claim this benefit and you are eligible to receive a maximum of two payments. The first benefit period runs from Oct 1, 2022 until June 30,2023. The amount you will receive depends on your net family income. Eligible recipients will receive tax-free payments of $260, $390, or $650 per child per period. You do have to apply for this benefit though, it isn't automatically given.
Benefits for Seniors
In addition to the government benefits that are available to seniors. Some of these are available to everyone while others are given based on income.
Canada Pension Plan
The Canada Pension Plan, also referred to as CPP, is the federal pension program that is meant to replace part of your income when you retire. Once you qualify you will receive monthly, taxable CPP payments for the rest of your life. In order to qualify you must:
- Be 60 years old
- Have made at least one valid CPP contribution
A valid CPP contribution can be from working yourself or by receiving credits from a former spouse when the relationship ended.
In order to receive CPP, you must apply. The standard age to start receiving this pension is 65, but you can start receiving it at 60, or you can even wait until your 70. The amount that you will receive from CPP depends on what you earned throughout your working life.
Old Age Security
The Old Age Security OAS pension is also a monthly pension payment from the government of Canada. You can start receiving this pension payment at age 65. You can also delay OAS payments until you reach the age of 70.
In order to receive your pension, you may have to apply. In some cases you will get automatically enrolled. The amount that you receive from OAS will depend on your income as well as how long you worked for and how long you have been a Canadian resident.
Guaranteed Income Supplement
If you receive OAS payments, you may also be eligible for the Guaranteed Income Supplement GIS benefit. In order to be eligible you must:
- Be at least 65 years old
- Live in Canada
- Receive OAS
- Have an income below the threshold
|Situation||Annual Income Threshold|
|Single, Widowed or Divorced||Less than $21,456|
|If your spouse receive full OAS||Less than $28.320|
|If your spouse receives allowance||Less than $39,648|
|If your spouse doesn't get OAS||Less than $51,408|
If you are diagnosed with a permanent disability in Canada, you could be eligible for these tax breaks and benefits. We have listed below the different federal disability credits but there are also disability programs in the different provinces. Each of these have their own eligibility requirements and payment amounts. They also all have different names. For example: Ontario's program is called the Ontario Disability Support Program.
Disability Tax Credit
The disability tax credit is for those who have permanent disabilities and impairments pay less taxes. The idea behind this is to offset some of the costs related to the impairment. In order to get this tax credit, you do have to apply. Unlike many of the other credits where all you do is fill out a quick application, you do also have to get a physician's signature for this one.
When applying for this credit, you have the option to apply using digital or paper forms. Along with a physician's signature, you also need to have a personal application filled out. This can be done at any time during the year but will only be reflected when you file your taxes. In some cases, you may end up with some back pay on your income tax refunds as well for years prior.
CPP disability payments are different from regular CPP payments. In order to qualify you must:
- Be under the age of 65
- Have made enough CPP contributions
- Have a disability (mental or physical) that stops you from obtaining and maintaining gainful employment
- Be diagnosed with a disability that is considered to be long term, indefinite or even terminal
If you are approved for CPP disability, once you turn 65, you will then be transferred to CPP.
Along with CPP disability, there are also CPP child disability


Basketball Traveling Rules
Basketball Traveling
What is a Travel?
Traveling is a violation in basketball that occurs when a player takes too many steps without dribbling. The usual rule of thumb is that a player may only take two steps without dribbling; three steps is a travel. However, in reality this rule is much more complicated.
When Does a Travel Occur?
Traveling may occur when a player receives the ball while moving or stationary, or when a player starts dribbling. When a player receives the ball, they must establish a pivot foot.
Pivot Foot
Basketball Pivot Foot
A pivot foot is the foot that must remain in the same spot on the floor. The other foot is allowed to move in any direction any number of times, as long as the pivot foot remains put. If the pivot foot moves or leaves the ground, it will result in a travel.
If a player receives the ball with two feet on the ground, either foot may be used as a pivot foot. If a player receives the ball in the air, whichever foot touches the ground first is the pivot foot. If a player receives the ball in the air and both feet hit the ground at the same time, either foot may be used as the pivot. This is known as a jump stop.
A jump stop counts as one step. A player is allowed to use a pivot after a jump stop unless there was a step before the jump stop.
The pivot foot may move when passing or shooting, but the ball must be released before the pivot foot touches the ground again. A player can also move their pivot foot when dribbling,however, the ball must be released before moving the pivot foot to avoid a traveling violation.
Other Traveling Situations
There are other specific situations in basketball that are traveling violations:
 - If a player in possession of the ball falls to the ground, it is a travel.
 - If a player on the ground, holding the ball, stands up without dribbling, it is considered a travel. However, a player retrieving a loose ball is allowed to slide on the court without being called for a travel.
 - If a player receives the ball while running, they are allowed up to two steps before either stopping, passing, or shooting;if the player wishes to dribble in this scenario, they must release the ball before their second step. Any more than two steps will result in a traveling violation. For example, a player going for a layup is allowed two steps on their way to the basket. If three steps are taken, the player will be called for traveling and the shot will not be counted.
Calling Traveling
basketball referee hand signal traveling
The penalty for a traveling violation is a turnover to the other team. The other team will receive the ball at the out of bounds point that is closest to the spot where the travel occurred. A referee calls a traveling violation while simultaneously signaling the violation with circular arm movements. You may see fans, players and coaches may mimic this motion when they believe their opponent has committed a traveling violation.


Zipkin
Since Camel 2.18
The Camel Zipkin component is used for tracing and timing incoming and outgoing Camel messages using zipkin.
Events (span) are captured for incoming and outgoing messages being sent to/from Camel.
This means you need to configure which Camel endpoints map to zipkin service names.
The mapping can be configured using:
 - route id - A Camel route id
 - endpoint url - A Camel endpoint url
For both kinds you can match using wildcards and regular expressions, using the rules from Intercept.
To match all Camel messages you can use * in the pattern and configure that to the same service name.
If no mapping has been configured, Camel will fallback and use endpoint uri's as service names. However, it's recommended to configure service mappings so you can use human-readable names instead of Camel endpoint uris in the names.
Camel will auto-configure a span reporter one hasn't been explicitly configured, and if the hostname and port to a zipkin collector has been configured as environment variables
 - ZIPKIN_COLLECTOR_HTTP_SERVICE_HOST - The http hostname
 - ZIPKIN_COLLECTOR_HTTP_SERVICE_PORT - The port number
or
 - ZIPKIN_COLLECTOR_THRIFT_SERVICE_HOST - The Scribe (Thrift RPC) hostname
 - ZIPKIN_COLLECTOR_THRIFT_SERVICE_PORT - The port number
This makes it easy to use camel-zipkin in container platforms where the platform can run your application in a linux container where service configurations are provided as environment variables.
Options
Option Default Description
rate
1.0f
Configures a rate that decides how many events should be traced by zipkin. The rate is expressed as a percentage (1.0f = 100%, 0.5f is 50%, 0.1f is 10%).
spanReporter
Mandatory: The reporter to use for sending zipkin span events to the zipkin server.
serviceName
To use a global service name that matches all Camel events
clientServiceMappings
Sets the client service mappings that matches Camel events to the given zipkin service name. The content is a Map<String, String> where the key is a pattern and the value is the service name. The pattern uses the rules from Intercept.
serverServiceMappings
Sets the server service mappings that matches Camel events to the given zipkin service name. The content is a Map<String, String> where the key is a pattern and the value is the service name. The pattern uses the rules from Intercept.
excludePatterns
Sets exclude pattern(s) that will disable tracing with zipkin for Camel messages that matches the pattern. The content is a Set<String> where the key is a pattern. The pattern uses the rules from Intercept.
includeMessageBody
false
Whether to include the Camel message body in the zipkin traces. This is not recommended for production usage, or when having big payloads. You can limit the size by configuring the max debug log size.
includeMessageBodyStreams
false
Whether to include message bodies that are stream based in the zipkin traces. This requires enabling streamcaching on the routes or globally on the CamelContext. This is not recommended for production usage, or when having big payloads. You can limit the size by configuring the max debug log size.
Example
To enable camel-zipkin you need to configure first
ZipkinTracer zipkin = new ZipkinTracer();
// Configure a reporter, which controls how often spans are sent
// (the dependency is io.zipkin.reporter2:zipkin-sender-okhttp3)
sender = OkHttpSender.create("http://127.0.0.1:9411/api/v2/spans");
zipkin.setSpanReporter(AsyncReporter.create(sender));
// and then add zipkin to the CamelContext
zipkin.init(camelContext);
The configuration above will trace all incoming and outgoing messages in Camel routes.
To use ZipkinTracer in XML, all you need to do is to define scribe and zipkin tracer beans. Camel will automatically discover and use them.
 <!-- configure how to reporter spans to a Zipkin collector
 (the dependency is io.zipkin.reporter2:zipkin-reporter-spring-beans) -->
 <bean id="http" class="zipkin2.reporter.beans.AsyncReporterFactoryBean">
 <property name="sender">
 <bean id="sender" class="zipkin2.reporter.beans.OkHttpSenderFactoryBean">
 <property name="endpoint" value="http://localhost:9411/api/v2/spans"/>
 </bean>
 </property>
 <!-- wait up to half a second for any in-flight spans on close -->
 <property name="closeTimeout" value="500"/>
 </bean>
 <!-- setup zipkin tracer -->
 <bean id="zipkinTracer" class="org.apache.camel.zipkin.ZipkinTracer">
 <property name="serviceName" value="dude"/>
 <property name="spanReporter" ref="http"/>
 </bean>
ServiceName
However, if you want to map Camel endpoints to human friendly logical names, you can add mappings
 - ServiceName *
You can configure a global service name that all events will fallback and use, such as:
zipkin.setServiceName("invoices");
This will use the same service name for all incoming and outgoing zipkin traces. If your application uses different services, you should map them to more finely grained client / server service mappings
Client and Server Service Mappings
 - ClientServiceMappings
 - ServerServiceMappings
If your application hosts a service that others can call, you can map the Camel route endpoint to a server service mapping. For example, suppose your Camel application has the following route:
from("activemq:queue:inbox")
 .to("http:someserver/somepath");
And you want to make that as a server service, you can add the following mapping:
zipkin.addServerServiceMapping("activemq:queue:inbox", "orders");
Then when a message is consumed from that inbox queue, it becomes a zipkin server event with the service name 'orders'.
Now suppose that the call to http:someserver/somepath is also a service, which you want to map to a client service name, which can be done as:
zipkin.addClientServiceMapping("http:someserver/somepath", "audit");
Then in the same Camel application you have mapped incoming and outgoing endpoints to different zipkin service names.
You can use wildcards in the service mapping. To match all outgoing calls to the same HTTP server you can do:
zipkin.addClientServiceMapping("http:someserver*", "audit");
Mapping rules
The service name mapping for server occurs using the following rules
 1. Is there an exclude pattern that matches the endpoint uri of the from endpoint?
 If yes then skip.
 2. Is there a match in the serviceServiceMapping that matches the endpoint uri of the from endpoint?
 If yes, then use the found service name
 3. Is there a match in the serviceServiceMapping that matches the route id of the current route?
 If yes, then use the found service name
 4. Is there a match in the serviceServiceMapping that matches the original route id where the exchange started?
 If yes, then use the found service name
 5. No service name was found, the exchange is not traced by zipkin
The service name mapping for client occurs using the following rules:
 1. Is there an exclude pattern that matches the endpoint uri of the from endpoint?
 If yes then skip.
 2. Is there a match in the clientServiceMapping that matches the endpoint uri of endpoint where the message is being sent to?
 If yes, then use the found service name
 3. Is there a match in the clientServiceMapping that matches the route id of the current route?
 If yes, then use the found service name
 4. Is there a match in the clientServiceMapping that matches the original route id where the exchange started?
 If yes, then use the found service name
 5. No service name was found, the exchange is not traced by zipkin
No client or server mappings
If there has been no configuration of client or server service mappings, CamelZipkin runs in a fallback mode, and uses endpoint uris as the service name.
In the example above, this would mean the service names would be defined as if you add the following code yourself:
zipkin.addServerServiceMapping("activemq:queue:inbox", "activemq:queue:inbox");
zipkin.addClientServiceMapping("http:someserver/somepath


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75 million euro to finance the construction of NZEBs in Sweden
The European Investment Bank (EIB) has signed a EUR 75 million loan with real estate company Castellum for the construction of nearly zero-energy buildings (NZEBs) in Stockholm and Örebro, Sweden. The loan was made possible by the support of the European Fund for Strategic Investments (EFSI), central pillar of the European Commission's Investment Plan for Europe.
Castellum will use the loan to construct two new NZEB office buildings, specifically the "Torsplan" building in the Hagastaden part of Stockholm and the "Citypassage" in central Örebro.
"We're particularly proud to support Castellum in this initiative, also since climate action is high on the agenda for the European Investment Bank." said Romualdo Massa Bernucci, Director for EIB lending in the Nordic countries. "Both residential and office buildings are responsible for a large part of the CO₂ output, so making them more energy efficient is an important step in mitigating our footprint in large cities."
Cecilia Malmström, Commissioner for Trade, said: "Improved energy efficiency in buildings is an important part of our transition towards a greener society but it often requires significant investments. This is where the Investment Plan can play an important role. With today's agreement, the European Fund for Strategic Investments will contribute to Sweden's development towards a reduced dependency on fossil fuels."
With climate action as a main priority for the EIB, Castellum's initiative in constructing NZEBs fits perfectly with the Bank's strategy and comes after a number of similar projects that EIB has recently supported in Sweden, Finland and Germany.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Youngsters are 'Game' for Local History
Gaming mechanics and time travel might not sound like traditional means of exploring the history of Clyde and Avon valleys, but that's what CAVLP Heritage are doing with groups of youngsters every Tuesday evening at Settlers Game and Comic Book Café in Hamilton.
The Board Game Design Nights are open to anyone who is interested in exploring the history of the local area and provide an opportunity to creatively explore the mapping heritage of Major-General William Roy, Scotland's foremost cartographer.
The game design nights have helped to encourage a newfound appreciation for the depth of history that can be discovered in the Clyde and Avon Valleys, from the prehistoric era to the industry and horticulture of the 20th century. The group has been enchanted by such artefacts as the Tricephalos carving in Netherton, and historical characters such as Lugless Will of Lanark and The Black Lady of Broomhill House. They have gone from discussing the mechanics of a board game to start researching places, items and people they would like to reference in the final game.
By using novel methods of engagement CAVLP Heritage hopes to increase awareness of the rich heritage of the CAVLP landscapes, particularly among audiences that did not previously have any interest in or understanding of the history and archaeology that surrounds them daily. From creative arts events, to board games, to fruity archaeology, the team has been employing some fun and playful methods to encourage people to get more broadly involved.
The board game design nights are part of a wider project, Mapping the Past, which focus on the unique mapping heritage of the Clyde and Avon valleys. Youngsters involved in the project are then encouraged to get involved in wider volunteering opportunities available through CAVLP Heritage including site surveys (Capturing the Past project) and archaeological excavations (Investigating the Past project).
These opportunities will allow volunteers to come face to face with the past in a new way, as well as enjoy the mental and physical health benefits that come with working as part of a larger team outdoors!
Every Tuesday evening, 7-9pm
Settlers Game and Comic Book Café, 40 Castle Street, Hamilton, South Lanarkshire, ML3 6BU


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Some quick facts about Tirupati Laddu
- Around 150,000 laddus are made daily.
- One laddu is given free to each devotee; the number of daily devotees that visit the temple is around 50,000.
- A devotee can buy extra two laddus – a small laddu costs 25 rupees and big laddu costs 100 rupees.
- The revenue from the sale of laddu annually is more than 11 million rupees.
- Each laddu weighs around 100gms and is huge when compared with the normal laddu found in shops.
- There is a super huge Tirupati Laddu known as Kalyana Laddu and it weighs around 500gms – ½ a kilogram.
- Single largest laddu made is said to have weighed 32 kg.
- The tradition of Tirupati Laddu is nearly 300 years old.
- It is prepared by special hereditary priests known as archakas in special temple kitchen known as 'potu'.
- Ingredients used in Tirupati Laddu are Besan flour (kadalai mavu), Sugar, Cashew nuts, Cardamom, Ghee, Oil, Sugar candy, Raisins and Almonds.
On a day around 5000 kg of Besan flour is used.
Sugar around 10000 kg.
Cashew nuts around 600 kg.
Cardamom 150 kg
Ghee 300 liters
Sugar candy 400 kg
Raisins 540 kg
- The ingredients are bought at the auction at the Commodities and Spices Exchange in
Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams (TTDs) the administrating body of the temple is planning to patent the Tirupati Laddu to stop counterfeits.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


init__()
>>> c.increment()
>>> c.getvalue()
1
OpenReplica
OpenReplica provides easily launch for concoord on remote machines, and it is especially built to launch concoord instances on Amazon EC2 servers easily. In this section we cover how you can setup a set of machines and launch concoord remotely using OpenReplica.
How to start using Amazon EC2
You can easily launch your EC2 instances using the web interface provided by Amazon AWS. In this example we launch an instance running 64-bit Amazon Linux. Before you launch your instance, you will have to create a keypair to login to your instances, make sure to keep your private key safe. The best way is to move your key-pair to the .ssh directory once you download the [my-key-pair].pem file:
$ mv [my-key-pair].pem ~/.ssh/
$ ssh-add ~/.ssh/[my-key-pair].pem
Once you did these, now is the time to connect to your instance:
$ ssh -i [my-key-pair].pem ec2-user@[public_dns_name]
After this point on, you should be able to connect to your instance without explicitly passing the key as a parameter, as follows:
$ ssh ec2-user@[public_dns_name]
To enable execution of remote sudo commands SSH into your instance and run:
$ sudo visudo
In the file that opens find the line 'Defaults requiretty' and add line 'Defaults:ec2-user !requiretty' below it. Save the file and exit. The file opens with the vi editor. If you are not familiar with vi commands, to insert new text press i to go into insert mode and add the new line. After you are done, press ESC and ZZ to save and exit.
At this point, your EC2 instance should be easily accessible.
Using OpenReplica
Using OpenReplica developers can configure and remotely launch ConCoord instances on remote machines easily. Firstly, OpenReplica keeps the configuration information of machines that will be running the ConCoord instance. Secondly, using ConCoord developers can easily start replica and nameserver nodes on the machines that are added to the configuration. And lastly, using OpenReplica developers can easily manage EC2 instances.
Like ConCoord, OpenReplica can be used as a commandline script. It supports the following commands:
openreplica config - prints config file openreplica addsshkey [sshkeyfilename] - adds sshkey filename to config openreplica addusername [ssh username] - adds ssh username to config openreplica addnode [publicdns] - adds public dns for node to config openreplica setup [publicdns] - downloads and sets up concoord on the given node openreplica replica [concoord arguments] - starts a replica node on EC2 openreplica nameserver [concoord arguments] - starts a nameserver node on EC2
Setting up the Configuration
To use OpenReplica, you should first register the nodes you want to use. To register nodes, you will need the filename of the sshkey you use to ssh into these nodes, as well as the username.
To add the sshkey:
$ openreplica addsshkey [my-key-pair].pem
To add the username:
$ openreplica addusername ec2-user
To add a node:
$ openreplica addnode [public_dns_name]
When adding nodes to OpenReplica, it automatically checks the nodes for eligibility to run ConCoord and warns the user if an update or change is required. Similarly, if ConCoord cannot connect to the node, it lets the user know:
$ openreplica addsshkey concoord.pem
Adding SSHKEY to CONFIG: concoord.pem
$ openreplica addusername ec2-user
Adding USERNAME to CONFIG: ec2-user
$ openreplica addnode ec2-54-186-26-155.us-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com
Adding NODE to CONFIG: ec2-54-186-26-155.us-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com
Cannot connect to node, check if it is up and running.
Starting ConCoord Instances
Once OpenReplica is set up, nodes can be started as if they are being started on the local machine.
Starting Replica Nodes
To start a bootstrap replica node that doesn't need to be connected to another replica:
$ openreplica replica -o concoord.object.counter.Counter -a 127.0.0.1 -p 14000
To start replica nodes to join an active ConCoord instance:
$ openreplica replica -o concoord.object.counter.Counter -b 127.0.0.1:14000 -a 127.0.0.1 -p 14001
The nodes can also be run in the debug mode or with a logger with the commands shown below:
Usage: openreplica replica [-h] [-a ADDR] [-p PORT] [-b BOOTSTRAP]
 [-o OBJECTNAME] [-l LOGGER] [-n DOMAIN]
 [-r] [-w] [-d]
where,
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-a ADDR, --addr ADDR
 address for the node
-p PORT, --port PORT
 port for the node
-b BOOTSTRAP, --boot BOOTSTRAP
 address:port tuple for the bootstrap peer
-o OBJECTNAME, --objectname OBJECTNAME
 client object dotted name
-l LOGGER, --logger LOGGER
 logger address
-n DOMAIN, --domainname DOMAIN
 domain name that the name server will accept queries for
-r, --route53 use Route53
-w, --writetodisk
 writing to disk on/off
-d, --debug debug on/off
Starting Replicas as Name Servers
You can dynamically locate nodes in a given ConCoord instance using DNS queries if the instance includes replicas that can act as name servers. There are two ways you can run a ConCoord Replica as a name server.
 - Master Name Server: Keeps track of the view and responds to DNS queries itself. Requires su privileges to bind to port 53.
 - Route53 Name Server: Keeps track of the view and updates an Amazon Route53 account. Amazon Route53 answers to DNS queries on behalf of the slave name server. Requires a ready-to-use Amazon Route53 account.
Master Name Server
To use a replica node as a master name server first you have to setup the name server delegations (you can do this by updating the domain name server information of any domain name you own from the domain registrar you use (godaddy, namecheap etc.)). Once all the delegations are setup for the ip address the replica uses, you can start a replica node as a name server for counterdomain.com as follows:
$ openreplica replica -o concoord.object.counter.Counter -a 127.0.0.1 -n counterdomain.com
And to start the replica to join an already running ConCoord instance, provide the bootstrap:
$ openreplica replica -o concoord.object.counter.Counter -a 127.0.0.1 -b 127.0.0.1:14000 -n counterdomain.com
When the replica starts running, you can send queries for counterdomain.com and see the most current set of nodes as follows:
$ dig -t a counterdomain.com # returns set of Replicas
$ dig -t srv _concoord._tcp.counterdomain.com # returns set of Replicas with ports
$ dig -t txt counterdomain.com # returns set of all nodes
$ dig -t ns counterdomain.com # returns set of name servers
Amazon Route53 Name Server
First make sure that boto is installed on the machine you want to run the Route53 name server. OpenReplica tries to do this automatically when a replica is run as a Route53 name server, but if it fails to do so, you can easily install boto on the machine you want as follows:
$ pip install boto
Before starting a name server connected to Amazon Route53, you should have a Route53 account set up and ready to receive requests. This is done through the AWS Console (_URL_ by creating a new Hosted Zone to host your domain name.
After your Route53 account is set up, the name server can update Route53 records every time the view of the system changes.
To use the Name Server to update Amazon Route53, you should provide your AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY. You can retrieve these from the AWS Console (_URL_ by looking under


text:
FROGS flee the sound of fire. Juvenile reed frogs (
Ulmar Grafe and his team from the University of Würzburg in Germany rigged up speakers in Ivory Coast's Comoé National Park and played frogs various sounds, including white noise and fire. The crackling sounds of fire produced the strongest reaction: the frogs raised their heads, scanned their surroundings and hopped rapidly towards the most fire-resistant vegetation.
Although most animals react to fire, Grafe believes this is the first research to show that the sound alone is enough to provoke a response (
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
| < January >
|Normal Max/ High Temperature
|Min/ Low Temperature
|Average Daylight per day
|Sun altitude at solar noon on the 21st day.
- The average temperature in Sobral in January is hot at 26.7 °C (80.06 °F).
- Afternoons can be very, very hot with average high temperatures reaching 33.8 °C (92.8 °F).
- Overnight temperatures are generally fairly hot with an average low of 23.6 °C (74.5 °F).
- In January there is a variation/ range of daily average temperatures of 10.2 °C (18.4 °F).
- The weather in January is not exactly parched. Circa 101.6mm (4in) of H2Ois dumped.
- The shortest day is 12:16 long and the longest day is 12:19 long with an average length of 12:18.
Check the distance to and compare the Sobral January averages with somewhere beginning with:
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | All
Weather Trend Graph for January in Sobral, Brazil
Navigate to January Weather in Locations Surrounding Sobral:


]" => "CorrelationId"
 "[Properties][SourceContext]" => "Context"
 "[Properties][TimedOperationElapsedInMs]" => "TimeElapsed"
 }
}
The json block tells LogStash that everything in the message property is a json object, rather than a string.
The date block extracts the time the message was recorded by the application and writes it to the special @timestamp field. This is a good idea as due to queuing, and processing times, the time the message was written and the time it was processed by LogStash will be different.
Lastly, the mutate block is moving a bunch of fields out of the message properties, and up to the top level of the object. We query by things like ApplicationName a lot, and it's nice not to have to write Properties.ApplicationName:blahblah all the time.
Splitting
Our messages contain a lot of data which for the purposes of tracing, we just don't care about. Not only is it a waste of bandwidth to send all the data to Jaeger, but also there could be clashing fields, and if we ever decide to use a hosted version of Jaeger, I don't want to be sending them all the data either.
So how do we remove everything from the message, but still keep it in the message for the other outputs?
LogStash has an interesting filter called clone. What it does is copy the message as many times as you specify, and then runs the remaining part of the pipeline once per message, including the original message. In code, this just looks like this:
clone {
 clones => [ "jaeger" ]
}
If we wanted to split the message more times, we can just add more types to the clones array; there will be one extra message produced for each entry in the array, which will also be added to the message as the type property so we can filter on it later.
We don't want to send the type field itself to Jaeger (or ElasticSeach), so we move it from the message to the @metadata object, which doesn't get passed to outputs.
mutate {
 rename => { "type" => "[@metadata][type]" }
}
To handle the messages differently, we can just use an if statement on the @metadata.type property:
if [@metadata][type] == "jaeger" {
 # do stuff to the jaeger message
} else {
 # process the original message
}
Building the Http Payload
The hardest part of getting this to work was handling the dates. Jaeger specifies that timestamps should come in microseconds since epoch, and duration should be in microseconds also. We need to use the ruby filter so we can run some code to do this, rather than using an inbuilt filter primitive.
The duration is easy enough, as we report TimeElapsed in milliseconds:
ruby {
 code => "event.set('duration', (event.get('TimeElapsed') * 1000).floor)"
}
To handle the timestamp we need to convert it to epoch milliseconds. We can get the fractional seconds since the epoch by calling to_f on the @timestamp field, and then multiply by 1000 a couple of times to express it as microseconds. We also floor it to remove the leftover fraction:
ruby {
 code => "event.set('timestamp', (event.get('@timestamp').to_f * 1000 * 1000).floor)"
}
This on its own will work, but it won't be right. We report log entries when an operation completes, which means our timestamp is the finish of the event, not the start. To solve this, we subtract the duration off the timestamp:
ruby {
 code => "event.set('timestamp', (event.get('@timestamp').to_f * 1000 * 1000).floor - event.get('duration'))"
}
Next, we need to create our span id. We need to generate a random id, consisting of letters and numbers, so the easiest way is to generate a uuid, and then tweak it to fit the Jaeger/Zipkin format. To do that we need to install the logstash-filter-uuid plugin:
/usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash-plugin install logstash-filter-uuid
There are a few things we need to do to generate a valid span id (for Jaeger):
 1. generate a uuid
 2. remove the dashes
 3. make it lowercase
 4. trim it to 16 chars
We use four filters to achieve this:
uuid {
 target => "id"
}
mutate {
 gsub => [ "id", "-", "" ]
 lowercase => [ "id" ]
}
mutate {
 gsub => [ "id", "(^.{1,16}).*$", "\1"]
}
The reason we specify the mutate twice is that order of the same operation (gsub in this case) is not guaranteed within a mutate block.
Next up we need to tweak the traceid from a guid to a uuid:
mutate {
 gsub => [ "traceid", "-", "" ]
 lowercase => [ "traceid" ]
}
Next, we can populate some other context into the message, by renaming the other fields we want. I discovered most of the fields and their formats from a combination of the thrift dtos and the this pull request.
mutate {
 rename => {
 "CorrelationId" => "traceid"
 "Context" => "name"
 "ApplicationName" => "[localEndpoint][serviceName]"
 }
}
Finally, we want to trim all the other properties from our message, which we can do by using the logstash-filter-prune plugin:
prune {
 whitelist_names => [ "id", "traceid", "name", "timestamp", "duration", "localEndpoint" ]
}
mutate {
 remove_field => [ "@timestamp" ]
}
We have to explicitly remove the @timestamp property as the prune plugin seems to ignore it (it also ignores the @metadata property).
The complete filter code can be made a little more efficient by combining several of the mutate blocks, provided we keep things in the right order, as follows:
ruby {
 code => "event.set('duration', (event.get('TimeElapsed') * 1000).floor)"
}
ruby {
 code => "event.set('timestamp', (event.get('@timestamp').to_f * 1000 * 1000).floor - event.get('duration'))"
}
uuid {
 target => "id"
}
mutate {
 rename => {
 "CorrelationId" => "traceid"
 "Context" => "name"
 "ApplicationName" => "[localEndpoint][serviceName]"
 }
 remove_field => [ "@timestamp" ]
}
mutate {
 gsub => [ "id", "-", "" ]
 gsub => [ "traceid", "-", "" ]
 lowercase => [ "traceid", "id" ]
}
mutate {
 gsub => [ "id", "(^.{1,16}).*$", "\1"]
}
prune {
 whitelist_names => [ "id", "traceid", "name", "timestamp", "duration", "localEndpoint" ]
}
Publishing to Jaeger
When publishing to the Jaeger API, you have to send it an array of json objects. To achieve this in the http output plugin, we can enable the format => json_batch, which will cause the HTTP client to buffer some events and then send them all at once. So more efficiency, and no extra code on our part.
To help make testing easier, I publish to two different HTTP endpoints: the Jaeger docker container running on my host machine, and to a Request Logger Bin; where I can inspect the response if something is reported as a failure by Jaeger, and replay it (via the Insomnia REST client) and check error messages returned from Jaeger.
output {
 if [@metadata][type] == "jaeger" {
 http {
 url => "http://192.168.0.115:9411/api/v2/spans"
 format => "json_batch"
 http_method => "post"
 }
 http {
 url => "_URL_
 format => "json_batch"
 http_method => "post"
 }
 } else {
 # normal message handling: elasticsearch etc.
 stdout { codec => rubydebug }
 }
}
I also used LogStash's log output by tailing the log file:
tail -f /var/log/logstash/


text:
Mount Union Students Face Their Fears
October 18, 2012
ALLIANCE, Ohio — For the third year in a row, University of Mount Union students enrolled in assistant professor of psychology Dr. Kevin Meyers' abnormal psychology course had the opportunity to overcome a specific phobia at Cedar Point Amusement Park.
Students learned to overcome their phobias through a process known as "exposure therapy." This year's 'Face your Fears' project was held at Cedar Point in Sandusky, OH. Students explored and overcame the "roller coaster phobia" which falls into the category of anxiety disorders known as specific phobias.
Specific phobias can be focused on certain objects or certain environments and their impact on the individual. A person with a specific phobia disorder is commonly diagnosed with behavioral disorders and the individual can suffer from anxiety attacks, persistent fear and the action of avoiding the object or environment to which their fear stems from.
This is where the concept of exposure therapy comes into play. Exposure therapy is a type of cognitive behavioral therapy in which the individual is gradually exposed to their fear over time. According to Meyer, Cedar Point is a prime location to expose students to their roller coaster fears since Cedar Point has moderate to medium to extreme roller coaster varieties available.
The overall goal of the 'Face your Fear' project is to expose students to a real-world application of how a specific therapeutic method can be applied to successfully treat a behavioral disorder. Students were active in collecting various types of data, serving as an active sample in a real-time working study, and will have the opportunity to integrate what they learn into a course project. Through this process, several individuals will in fact overcome their roller coaster phobia, opening up a previously inaccessible source of fun and excitement they can now be free to explore.Back to Previous Page


text:
In yesterday's ACTVAC handicap results I have included the AST% figures, and will do so in future, because they are an interesting way of comparing the times of each runner which takes their age into account.
What are AST percentages?
AST stands for "Age Standard Times". They are calculated against the actual age of each competitor in an event.
In 1989 the World Association of Veteran Athletes (WAVA) developed the first age-graded tables in one-year age increments and they have since been updated.
The tables are composed of world class standards as a function of both age and distance. That means that for every age starting at age 8 and going to age 100 there are standards for every long distance running event, for every common track & field event, and for race walking.
Using the data in the tables it is possible to determine an age graded time (as seen in the results of the Australian Masters Championships in Hobart) and the equivalent percentage (as provided yesterday and with most ACTVAC results.)
Here's an example of how the calculations are done for three masters men in a 10K race.
In the above example, the 64 year old man had the best performance, even though he had the slowest finishing time.
Rough "classifications" are recognised to be as follows:
100%= Approximate World Record Level
Over 90%= World Class
Over 80%= National Class
Over 70%= Regional Class
So when you see the AST% listed, you know that the higher scores are the better results. The scores give everyone a new incentive to improve their performances in a measurable way. And provide you with new rivals to challenge as you try and get a higher AST% than someone who has been ahead of you. Not to mention an extra reason to celebrate your birthday every year, not just every five years!
Are you short of energy?
Here's Katy's solution!
21 minutes ago


text:
Fort Knox, KY
Upgrade your browser in order to edit this page.
Fort Knox is a United States Army post in Kentucky south of Louisville and north of Elizabethtown. It is also the site of the United States Bullion Depository, which is used to house a large portion of the United States' official gold reserves. The 109,000 acre (170 sq mi, 441 km²) base covers parts of Bullitt, Hardin, and Meade counties. It currently holds the Army Human Resources Center of Excellence to include the Army Human Resources Command.
For 60 years, Fort Knox was the home of the U.S. Army Armor Center and the U.S. Army Armor School (now moved to Fort Benning), and was used by both the Army and the Marine Corps to train crews on the M1 Abrams main battle tank. The history of the U.S. Army's Cavalry and Armored forces, and of General George S. Patton's career, can be found at the General George Patton Museum on the grounds of Fort Knox.
Things to do here
What are some things to do here?
Things to avoid here
What are some things to avoid here?
Advice for those moving here
What advice would you share for those considering moving here?


text:
Why residence event and not Address?
The discussion of how to enter addresses in GRAMPS pops up from time to time, especially with new users. Let's give some reasoning on why to use the residence event for genealogical research, and not address.
You find a definition of an address in Glossary, as well as for Place. So the address is for mailing, while the place is to indicate a point on a map. Mailing is in general not very useful for deceased people, the main focus of your research. So:
- What is an Address?
- The GRAMPS concept of an Address is a particular location with an associated time frame. Think of it as a mailing address. It is intended to represent where a person lived and when the person lived there.
- What is a Place?
- The GRAMPS concept of a Place is a particular location independent of time. Over time, the same Place may have different address information due to changing borders and political situation. For example, Leningrad and St. Petersburg represent the same place, but with different names. GRAMPS offers the alternate locations tab in the Place Editor, allowing to enter different address information of the place.
Apart from this, an event is important here: A defining moment in a person's life. Events can be coupled to places and are a central object in genealogy research, together with people, families and sources. They give a timeline on the life of a person, a timeline on which it is important to also indicate where a person lives.
Why residence events?
So, what are the advantages of residence events then? Well:
- You can attach a place to it. This place will then be the effective address, with possible alternate locations (see the place dialog) indicating how eg this place is called today as opposed to when the event happened.
- You can share that place between people and families. With addresses there is no way to check if an address is already in your database - unless you remember it. That makes it unlikely to discover that two people actually lived at the same address. You can also filter on place city, eg give me all residence events that are in a place with city Berlin.
- Hence, you can search places and see not just what happened in a certain city, but also who lived (resided) there. That's also not possible using the 'address' system. This is a timeline of a place with all events that happened there.
- On a timeline of a person you can see the event and infer details, eg a person marries before or after moving to a new house.
- Using a place for the address allows you to use this place for other events. Eg suppose Jim marries at home, then the Marriage event can be linked to the place indicating his home, just like the Residence event does.
- Just like the address field, events have full time control, so time spans and periods can be used and are recognized for reports.
- Individual attributes on residence event are handled on Gedcom export.
What is a disadvantage:
- For a change in streetname, the address changes but the position on the map is the same. GRAMPS allows you to store this information in an alternate location, but alternate location has no date span, so you cannot indicate during which time frame an address for a place was in use.
Note that some researchers on the mailing list have expressed they like to store address changes in notes connected to a place, instead of in the alternate location tab. This because in general notes are exported to GEDCOM correctly and understood in other programs you might want to use the information.
It is important to note that you could use the Location event also, or make a custom event with a naming that suits you more.
Try it out
There is no standard method of storing addresses in GRAMPS. Try out the two methods, and use what works for you.
Note the following:
- Address is not always well supported in other genealogy applications.
- Alternate location of place used in GRAMPS is not present in many other applications. You might consider recording this in notes instead.
- Events are supported by all programs you use, as is the default place location.


Physiological activity in an attribute learning task.
J.H. de Swart, E.A. Das-Smaal
Research output: Contribution to JournalArticleAcademicpeer-review
85 Downloads (Pure)
The relationship between the amount of information processing in an Attribute Learning task and autonomic activity, measured by skin conductance response (SCR), was investigated. The amount of information processing was manipulated by type of concept and feedback. Furthermore, the influence of practice and verbalization was studied. Three types of concepts were used: conjunction, exclusion and joint denial. The stimulus population consisted of four three-valued dimensions. The results showed that (1) SCR did not differ among concepts; (2) SCR varied with type of feedback, it being smallest at blanks and largest at infirming feedback; (3) SC'R was related to the number of confirmations preceding infirmation; (4) subjects mainly used the strategy'reject hypothesis only after information'; (5) subjects usually selected not-yet-tested hypotheses; (6) practice influenced performance; (7) verbalization did not result in more efficient use of information; however, the appropriateness of the experimental set-up to study this factor was questioned; (8) conjunction was easier to learn than the other concepts. The results were discussed in terms of uncertainty reduction, resulting from testing hypotheses in a concept learning task.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)57-69
JournalActa Psychologica
Publication statusPublished - 1979
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Physiological activity in an attribute learning task.'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this


("mykey");
If no document was found, null is returned. It is important to check for null, to prevent NullPointerExceptions
later down the stack.
With Couchbase Server 2.0, the very powerful ability to query your documents through secondary indexes (Views) has
been added to your toolbelt. This guide gets you started on how to use them through the Java SDK, if you want to learn
more please refer to the chapter in the Couchbase Server 2.0 documentation.
Once you created your View in the UI, you can query it from the SDK in three steps. First, you grab the View definition
from the cluster, second you create a Query object and third, you query the cluster with both the View and the Query
objects. In its simplest form, it looks like this:
// 1: Get the View definition from the cluster
View view = client.getView("beer", "brewery_beers");
// 2: Create the query object
Query query = new Query();
// 3: Query the cluster with the view and query information
ViewResponse result = client.query(view, query);
The getView() method needs both the name of the Design Document and the View to load up the proper defini-
tion from the cluster. This is needed to determine if there is a view with the given information and also if it contains a re-
duce function (or is even a spatial view).
Views can be queried with a large amount of options. All supported options are available as setter methods on the Query
object. Here are some of them:
 setIncludeDocs(boolean): Used to define if the complete documents should be included in the result.
 setReduce(boolean): Used to enable/disable the reduce function (if there is one defined on the server).
 setLimit(int): Limit the number of results that should be returned.
 setDescending(boolean): Revert the sorting order of the result set.
 setStale(Stale): Can be used to define the tradeoff between performance and freshness of the data.
 setDebug(boolean): Prints out debugging information in the logs.
Now that we have our View information and the Query object in place, we can issue the query command, which actu-
ally triggers the scatter-gather data loading process on the Cluster. The resulting information is encapsulated inside the
Getting Started
6
ViewResponse object. We can use it to iterate over the results and print out some details (here is a more complete ex-
ample which also includes the full documents and only fetches the first five results):
View view = client.getView("beer", "brewery_beers");
Query query = new Query();
query.setIncludeDocs(true).setLimit(5); // include all docs and limit to 5
ViewResponse result = client.query(view, query);
// Iterate over the result and print the key of each document:
for(ViewRow row : result) {
System.out.println(row.getId());
// The full document (as String) is available through row.getDocument();
}
In the logs, you can see the corresponding document keys automatically sorted (ascending):
21st_amendment_brewery_cafe
21st_amendment_brewery_cafe-21a_ipa
21st_amendment_brewery_cafe-563_stout
21st_amendment_brewery_cafe-amendment_pale_ale
21st_amendment_brewery_cafe-bitter_american
1.3.3. Deleting Documents
If you want to get rid of a document, you can use the delete operation:
OperationFuture<Boolean> delete = client.delete("key");
Again, delete is an asynchronous operation and therefore returns a OperationFuture on which you can block
through the get() method. If you try to delete a document that is not there, the result of the OperationFuture will
be false.
1.3.4. JSON Encoding/Decoding
One benefit of working with JSON documents is that you can map them (nearly) directly from/to objects in your applica-
tion. Unlike with Java object serialization, you need to do some more work to convert your object to its appropriate JSON
representation. Fortunately, libraries like GSON (as mentioned before) are here to help.
In the following example, we define a simple Beer class that implicitly carries the JSON fields as attributes. We can then
use GSON to convert from the Object to JSON and back. The example is a little bit contrived, but it shows the roundtrip
from Object to JSON back to Object pretty well that you can use throughout your application.
public class App {
// Model the Beer
static class Beer {
String name;
String type;
String category;
float abv;
// Convenience method to generate a key
public String getKey() {
return type + "-" + name;
}
}
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
// Connect
CouchbaseClient client = new CouchbaseClient(
Arrays.asList(URI.create("http://127.0.0.1:8091/pools")),
"beer-sample",
""
);
// Instantiate GSON
Gson gson = new Gson();
Getting Started
7
// Create a beer
Beer myAle = new Beer();
myAle.name = "cool-ale";
myAle.type ="beer";
myAle.category = "Stouts and Ales";
myAle.abv = 5.2f;
// Convert the beer to JSON
String json = gson.toJson(myAle);
// Store in Couchbase
client.set(myAle.getKey(), 0, json);
// Read it back
String readJson = (String) client.get(myAle.getKey());
// Create a object out of it
Beer sameBeer = gson.fromJson(readJson, Beer.class);
// Now use it like:
System.out.println(sameBeer.category);
// Disconnect
client.shutdown(3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
System.exit(0);
}
}
You can also use the same pattern when you query a View, and include the complete docs through
setIncludeDocs(true). Based on the previous Beer class, imagine a View that returns all beers stored in the buck-
et. We could query the View and immediately create Objects out of them:
View view = client.getView("beer", "only_beers");
Query query = new Query();
query.setIncludeDocs(true);
ViewResponse result = client.query(view, query);
for(ViewRow row : result) {
Beer beer = gson.fromJson(row.getDocument(), Beer.class);
System.out.println(beer.name);
}
The previous chapters introduced Couchbase Server and how to use it through the Java SDK. With this knowledge at
hand, you are already able to build powerful applications on top of Couchbase Server 2.0 and Java. The next chapter digs
a bit deeper and introduces advanced concepts that can help you along the way.
1.4. Advanced Topics
This chapter introduces some techniques topics that you can use to further extend your Couchbase vocabulary.
1.4.1. CAS and Locking
If you need to coordinate shared access on documents, Couchbase helps you with two approaches. Depending on the ap-
plication you may need to use both of them, but in general it is better (if feasible) to lean towards CAS because it provides
the better performance characteristics.
 Optimistic Locking with cas(): Each document has a unique identifier associated with it (the CAS value), which
changes when the document itself is mutated. You can fetch the CAS value for a given key and then use the cas()
operation to update it. The update will only succeed, when the CAS value is still the same. This is why it's called op-
timistic locking: someone else can still read and try to update the document, but it will fail once the CAS value has
changed. Here is a example on how to do it with the Java SDK:
// Reads the document with the CAS value.
String key = "eagle_brewing-golden";
CASValue<Object> beerWithCAS = client.gets(key);
Getting Started
8
// Updates the document and tries to store it back.
Beer beer = gson.fromJson((String)beerWithCAS.getValue(), Beer.class);
beer.name = "Some other Name";
CASResponse cas = client.cas(key, beerWithCAS.getCas(), gson.toJson(beer));
The CASResponse is a ENUM which identifies the status of the cas() operation. If it succeeds,
CASResponse.OK is returned. If CASResponse.EXISTS is returned, the CAS has changed in the meantime. A
common


The large ears of the jackrabbit are used in cooling, radiating heat via an extensive network of blood vessels.
Introduction
Jackrabbits live in the desert where they're exposed to extremely hot daytime temperatures, but these animals are able to stay cool by releasing excess heat from their oversized ears.
The Strategy
The jackrabbit's large ears provide an expansive surface area of exposed skin loaded with blood vessels. When the surrounding air temperature is slightly below body temperature, as when it retreats from hot desert sun into shade, the blood vessels in the outer part of its ears widen in a process called vasodilation. This results in greater circulation of warm blood from the body's core to the jackrabbit's ears, where heat is lost to the cooler surrounding air.
This cooling mechanism based on blood circulation helps to prevent overheating and maintain the jackrabbit's body temperature within set boundaries. It's also an important water conservation technique given the jackrabbit's arid habitat, as it reduces the need for evaporative cooling mechanisms, such as panting or sweating, which involve the loss of water. At air temperatures around 86° Fahrenheit (30° Celsius), convection from the jackrabbit's ears can shed all of the animal's excess heat.

video thumbnail
Jackrabbits spend most of their time slowly munching grasses and other plants in very open environments. Their cooling ears provide a break from the heat in these areas without much shade.
The Potential
Jackrabbit ears, like all heat exchangers, depend on surface area. However, most industrial equipment is built from rigid metals that can't "vasodilate." By increasing the diameter of its blood vessels, the jackrabbit effectively increases the surface area over which heat exchange can occur. This could result in more dynamic heat exchanger designs that adapt to improve overall efficiency. In a way, jackrabbits are using their ears as temperature sinks. Imagine homes or other buildings with surfaces that absorbed heat during the day and then retracted inside the home to help warm it during cooler nighttime temperatures.

This summary was contributed by Ashley Meyers.
Related Content
Last Updated July 21, 2017


text:
Nearest city Kuressaare
|Area 24.42 km²|
|Similar Pihla‑Kaibaldi Nature Reserve, Lindi Nature Reserve, Sirtsi Nature Reserve, Järvselja Nature Reserve, Nedrema Nature Reserve|
Laidevahe Nature Reserve (Estonian: Laidevahe looduskaitseala) is a nature reserve situated on Saaremaa in western Estonia, in Saare County.
Laidevahe nature reserve protects an area of coastal wetlands, comprising salt marshes, islets, small lagoons, coastal meadows and so on, but also areas of old-growth forest and alvars. The area is internationally recognized as an important habitat for several species of birds, including the white-tailed eagle which has bred in the area since at least 1995. Other notable bird species found in Laidevahe are dunlin (Calidris alpina), barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis) and little crake (Porzana parva). The coastal nature reserve is also rich in fish, and in addition is a habitat for both otter and grey seal. As for the flora, several species of orchid grow in the nature reserve - for example, early purple orchid, greater butterfly orchid and lady slipper orchids.
The Laidevahe Nature Reserve comprises a myriad of wetland areas. It has lagoons, coastal lakes and saltmarshes, consists of over 40 islets and has large swathes of reedbeds. This diverse vegetation type forms the core of the West Estonian Archipelago Biosphere Reserve (1990). The wetlands are also endowed with small areas of boreo-nemoral broadleaved forests, alvars and dry meadows.
In the vicinity of the Laidevahe Nature Reserve are the Püha and Valjala medieval churches.


text:
Excitation (total ion yield) and de-excitation (resonant photoemission) spectra have been measured in the Si 1s photoexcitation region of the F 3SiCH2CH2Si(CH3)3 molecule using monochromatized undulator radiation. Theoretical calculations within the framework of density functional theory have reproduced the observed total ion yield spectrum very well. The first peak at the lowest photon energy, coming from Si 1s excitation at the trimethyl side into a vacant orbital, induces spectator Auger decays in which the excited electron remains in its valence orbital. The second peak produced through excitation of Si 1s electron at the trifluoride side generates resonant Auger decays in which the excited valence electron remains predominantly also in the valence orbital or is partly shaken up into higher Rydberg orbitals. The third peak generated through Si 1s excitation at the trifluoride side produces resonant Auger decays in which the excited Rydberg electron remains or is partly shaken down to a lower lying valence molecular orbital. These findings exhibit a clear distinction between resonant Auger decays following photoexcitation of Si 1s electrons under different chemical environments.
ASJC Scopus subject areas


text:
Definition of longitudinal
- The insect's back is black with yellow longitudinal stripes.
- the longitudinal extent of the building
- a longitudinal study of juvenile offenders over a period of five years
The insect's body is black with yellow longitudinal stripes.
calculating the longitudinal position of a ship
a longitudinal study of career aspirations among girls from 5 to 17
These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'longitudinal.' Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
What made you want to look up longitudinal? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).


text:
You can use Nelio Popups to specifically show a popup to visitors using a specific device type.
In this article, you'll learn how to target users of devices to show your popup.
Using Device Condition
When you are ready to use the Device condition, follow these steps:
- Go to Nelio Popups » All Popups and edit the one you want.
- In the editor sidebar, go to the Settings panel, and open the Conditions tab.
- Add or modify a condition by selecting 'Device'.
Then, you can select if you want to target users whose device is one of the list, or those whose device is not in the list. To do so, select the 'is' or 'is not' condition from the selector.
Finally, select the list of devices for the condition. You can select amongst the following values:
- Smart TV
After setting the condition, save the popup and then it will open if the condition is met.


About us Analytical Foundation
Analytical Foundation is a nonprofit organization (NGO) found for the purpose of:
1. Improving quality of life by offering YOGA Training courses,Education,Work shops/Seminarsetc.
2.Research & innovation awards:Quality life is possible by innovation only and the innovation is possible by research only. Hence ANALYTICAL FOUNDATION is committed to identify such research scientist across various field of science like agriculture, environment, new born screening, Bio-med, Yoga,Ayurveda. Identify and award yearly the quality control executives and research Scientists for their contributions across various field of science like Life science,Healthcare, pharmaceuticals,Bio-Technologies, Food safety, academic (Universities), Agriculture, Environment, new born screening,Bio-med, etc.
To promote Yoga, Pranayam, Meditation for enriching life.
To work for the child & Women health and Welfare.
To open and run the schools for the welfare and uplift of the needy children.
To organize awareness camps, health camps, workshops, campaigns and exhibitions.
To arrange and provide medical aid and other assistance necessary for the needy people who are incapable or handicapped or mentally/physically challenged and financially unfit.
The main aim of the trust would be to impart the practical and functional training of Ashtang Yog,Dhayan Yog Asan and Pranayam etc.as received from the ancient propounded by the Rishies and Munis to make an end of extreme sufferings to cure diseases and to receive a calm stage of mind and extreme happiness.
To Spread the teachings & thoughts of great leaders, philosophers, thinkers, reformer and saints and educate / encourage people to follow such thoughts.


text:
By William R. Miller, Richard F. Sanzolone, and Paul J. Lamothe
U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-106
A preliminary investigation was carried out in Colorado to test if elements were being deposited at high elevations in two areas of Colorado, which form natural barriers to the winds. This investigation was designed to detect differences of element contents of soils collected on each side of a mountain ridge or peak. The assumption is that dust and aerosol-bearing winds buffet the high ridges and peaks of mountain ranges and some of the dust and aerosols will be deposited mostly on the windward side of the range. Soils formed in place on similar rock types would be elevated in some elements present in the dust and aerosols on the windward side of the ridge or peak relative to the leeward side. The two study areas are the Hayden Pass area in the Sangre de Cristo Range and the Pikes Peak area in the Rampart Range. Data is presented without interpretation.
The expected audience for the data will be government land planning and regulatory agencies.
OFR-03-106 PDF File (1.00 MB)
(This version of the report is accessible as defined in Section 508.)
|AccessibilityFOIAPrivacyPolicies and Notices|


Are the change events of a transaction always guaranteed to appear in the order in which they are executed?
Are the change events of a transaction always guaranteed to appear in the order in which they are executed? For example, if two concurrent transactions are being executed, the below sequence shows the order of the operations being maintained even if the transactions themselves are not grouped together.
txn1 - operation1
txn1 - operation2
txn2 - operation1
txn1 - operation3
txn1 - operation4
txn2 - operation2
txn2 - operation3
txn2 - operation4
Is there a possibility of the change events appearing as:
txn1 - operation1
txn1 - operation2
txn2 - operation1
txn1 - operation4
txn1 - operation3
txn2 - operation4
txn2 - operation3
txn2 - operation2
@Kiruphasankaran_Nataraj
In MongoDB, the order of operations within a single transaction is guaranteed to be maintained. However, the order of operations across multiple concurrent transactions is not guaranteed to be maintained. In other words, if two transactions are executed concurrently, the order in which the change events for each transaction appear in the database may not match the order in which the operations were executed. This is because MongoDB uses a multi-version concurrency control (MVCC) model which allows multiple transactions to execute concurrently and make changes to the same data, and the resulting order of operations may depend on the specific timing and order of those changes.
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text:
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]چکیده [English]
Soil temperature plays very important role in bio chemical processes, root water uptake and also evapotranspiration. This parameter is influenced by environmental factors such as soil moisture content. Recently water shortage has led to adopt intermittent irrigation in Sepidroud Irrigation network in Gilan province, north of Iran. In this method, different submergence depth is applied, which change the root zone (soil and water) temperature. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of water depth on soil and water temperature in a paddy field. Paddy minis lysimeters, based on completely randomized block design with 5 treatments of constant level of water in the field, (5, 2.5, 0, -5 and -10 cm of the soil surface) in three repetitions. Measurements were including soil temperature at the depths of 5 and 10 cm from soil surface (T5 and T10) and water temperature in the morning and evening. The results showed that T5 was significantly more that T10 .In the morning, water temperature, at and below surface (non-submerged treatments) was lower than soil temperature at the same depth, while in the evening, water temperature was more than soil temperature at the same depth. In daily scale, the water temperature was more than soil temperature at the same depth. Soil temperature was decreased by reduction of soil water depth. In general, the presence of a thin layer of the water on soil surface had a cooling effect on soil but as the water reaches the soil surface, the soil environment becomes much warmer. The reduction of the submergence depth 10 cm below the surface significantly affected the made microclimate of the soil colder, by 1.5◦ Celsius in average.


text: Multi-agent systems (MAS) can be widely applied in warehouse management to enhance logistics operation efficiency, reduce costs, and improve decision-making. In a MAS, robots can serve as agents to optimize the routing and scheduling of shipments, reducing delivery times and improving customer satisfaction in the warehouse environment. It is widely recognized that the more robots are deployed, the higher efficiency logistics operation will be. However, with the increasing number of robots, a growing number of challenges emerge, particularly in the domain of task allocation—a process aimed at assigning tasks to a group of robots to achieve a common goal. The task allocation often requires multi-objective optimization to balance various factors. This paper presents an efficient multi-agent task allocation algorithm that can handle both static and dynamic task allocation. To handle static tasks, the paper employs the NSGA2 algorithm, which can handle multi-objective optimization, to efficiently generate scheduling schemes and assign agents in the warehouse to execute tasks. For dynamic tasks, an auction-bid scheme is employed to quickly respond to task changes and ensure the efficient completion of the task. Meanwhile, we also design an effective scheme traffic-rules based to sufficiently avoid the robot collision. The simulation results demonstrated the capability of our algorithm to efficiently allocate tasks and plan the shortest path based on A*. Moreover, the algorithm effectively minimizes both the sum of the travel costs over all robots and the maximum individual travel cost over all robots simultaneously.


text:
Electronic Clearing System (ECS)
Electronic Clearing System (ECS)
Electronic Clearing System (ECS) is an electronic method of fund transfer from one bank account to another. It is generally used for bulk transfers performed by institutions for making payments like dividend, interest, salary, pension, etc. ECS can also be used to pay bills and other charges such as payments to utility companies such as telephone, electricity, water, or for making equated monthly instalments payments on loans as well as SIP investments. In this article, we look at the working process of ECS in detail.
Types of ECS
ECS can be used for both ECS credit and ECS debit.
ECS credit is used for allowing credit to a large number of beneficiaries by raising a single debit to the customer's account, such as dividend, interest or salary payment.
The benefits of ECS credit given to the clients are as follows:
- The end beneficiary need not make frequent visit to his bank for depositing the physical paper instruments.
- Delay in the realisation of proceeds, which used to happen in the receipt of the paper instrument, is eliminated.
- The ECS user helps to save on administrative machinery for printing, dispatch and reconciliation.
- Provides the ability to make payment and ensure that the beneficiaries account gets credited on a designated date.
Working of ECS Credit System
ECS payments can be performed by any institution (ECS user) that has to make bulk or repetitive payments to a number of recipients or beneficiaries. They initiate the transactions after registering themselves with an approved clearinghouse. ECS users also have to obtain a consent such as the account particulars of the beneficiaries for engaging in the ECS clearings.
Under the scheme, the beneficiaries of the repetitive or regular payments can also require the paying institution to make ECS (credit) for payment. The ECS users expect to effect payments and to present the data in a prescribed format to any one of the recognised clearinghouses. The clearinghouse will debit the account of the ECS user through the user's bank on a particular day and credit the accounts of the recipient banks, for providing onward credit to the accounts of the ultimate beneficiaries.
ECS debit is used for raising debits to a number of accounts of consumers or account holders for affording a single credit to a particular institution, in cases such as utility payments like electricity bills and telephone bills.
Advantages to Clients
The benefits of ECS debit given to the clients are as follows:
- Trouble-free: Eliminates the need to go to the collection centres or banks and the need to stand in long queues for payment.
- Easy to track: Customers are not required to track down payments by last dates. The ECS users would monitor the debts. The ECS user saves on administrative machinery for collecting the cheques by monitoring their realisation and reconciliation.
- Better cash management: Chances of frauds due to fraudulent access to paper instruments and encashment are avoided.
- The realisation of payments on a single date is enabled instead of fractured receipt of payments.
Working of ECS Debit System
ECS debit is a scheme in which an account holder can authorise an ECS user to recover a prescribed amount by raising a debit on his account. The ECS user has to receive an authorisation which is called ECS mandate for raising such debts. These mandates have to be approved by the bank branch maintaining the account.
Any ECS user participating in the scheme has to register with an approved clearinghouse, an ECS user should receive the mandate forms from the participating destination account holders with the bank's acknowledgement. A certified copy of the mandate should be available with the drawee bank.
The ECS user has to submit the data in a specified form through the sponsor bank to the clearinghouse. The clearinghouse would pass on the debit to the destination account holder through the clearing system and credit the sponsor bank's account for onward crediting the ECS user. All the unprocessed debits have to be returned to the sponsor bank's account for onward crediting the ECS user. All the unprocessed debits have to be returned to the sponsor bank, within the time frame specified. Banks treat the electronic instructions received through the clearing system at par with the physical cheques.
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has deregulated the charges to be imposed by sponsor banks from institutions. The destination bank branches have been staying focused on affording ECS credit free of charge to the beneficiary account holders.


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Create Library Feature Data Object and Library Feature With References Example (VBA)
This example shows how to create a library feature with references in order to position the library feature on a model.
'-------------------------------------------------------------------
' Preconditions:
' 1. Verify that the specified part template and library feature
' exist.
' 2. Open the Immediate window.
'
' Postconditions:
' 1. Creates a new part containing a boss extrude.
' 2. Creates a library feature data object.
' a. Initializes the newly created library feature using
' the specified library feature.
' b. Gets the type of references required for the library
' feature.
' c. Sets the name of the active library feature configuration.
' d. Selects the face where to create the library feature.
' e. Creates the library feature.
' f. Accesses the library feature and selects the edges where to
' position the it.
' g. Sets the references for positioning the library feature.
' h. Updates the definition of the library feature.
' i. Unsuppresses the library feature.
' 3. Examine the Immediate window, FeatureManager design tree, and
' graphics area.
'------------------------------------------------------------------
Option Explicit
Dim swApp As SldWorks.SldWorks
Dim swModel As SldWorks.ModelDoc2
Dim swModelDocExt As SldWorks.ModelDocExtension
Dim swSketchManager As SldWorks.SketchManager
Dim swFeature As SldWorks.Feature
Dim swFeatureManager As SldWorks.FeatureManager
Dim swSelectionManager As SldWorks.SelectionMgr
Dim swLibFeat As SldWorks.LibraryFeatureData
Dim sketchLines As Variant
Dim status As Boolean
Dim obj() As Object
Dim vRefs As Variant
Dim vRefTypes As Variant
Dim refType As Variant
Dim nRefCount As Long
Sub main()
 Set swApp = Application.SldWorks
 ' Create part
 Set swModel = swApp.NewDocument("C:\ProgramData\SolidWorks\SOLIDWORKS 2016\templates\Part.prtdot", 0, 0, 0)
 Set swModelDocExt = swModel.Extension
 status = swModelDocExt.SelectByID2("Top Plane", "PLANE", 0, 0, 0, False, 0, Nothing, 0)
 swModel.ClearSelection2 True
 status = swModelDocExt.SetUserPreferenceToggle(swUserPreferenceToggle_e.swSketchAddConstToRectEntity, swUserPreferenceOption_e.swDetailingNoOptionSpecified, False)
 status = swModelDocExt.SetUserPreferenceToggle(swUserPreferenceToggle_e.swSketchAddConstLineDiagonalType, swUserPreferenceOption_e.swDetailingNoOptionSpecified, True)
 Set swSketchManager = swModel.SketchManager
 sketchLines = swSketchManager.CreateCornerRectangle(0, 0, 0, 1, 0.5, 0)
 swModel.ShowNamedView2 "*Trimetric", 8
 swModel.ClearSelection2 True
 status = swModelDocExt.SelectByID2("Line2", "SKETCHSEGMENT", 0, 0, 0, False, 0, Nothing, 0)
 status = swModelDocExt.SelectByID2("Line1", "SKETCHSEGMENT", 0, 0, 0, True, 0, Nothing, 0)
 status = swModelDocExt.SelectByID2("Line4", "SKETCHSEGMENT", 0, 0, 0, True, 0, Nothing, 0)
 status = swModelDocExt.SelectByID2("Line3", "SKETCHSEGMENT", 0, 0, 0, True, 0, Nothing, 0)
 Set swFeatureManager = swModel.FeatureManager
 Set swFeature = swFeatureManager.FeatureExtrusion2(True, False, False, 0, 0, 0.01, 0.01, False, False, False, False, 1.74532925199433E-02, 1.74532925199433E-02, False, False, False, False, True, True, True, 0, 0, False)
 Set swSelectionManager = swModel.SelectionManager
 swSelectionManager.EnableContourSelection = False
 ' Create library feature data object
 Set swLibFeat = swFeatureManager.CreateDefinition(swFmLibraryFeature)
 ' Initialize newly created library feature using the specified library part
 status = swLibFeat.Initialize("C:\ProgramData\SOLIDWORKS\SOLIDWORKS 2016\design library\features\metric\slots\straight slot.sldlfp")
 ' Get the type of references required for the library feature
 nRefCount = swLibFeat.GetReferencesCount
 vRefs = swLibFeat.GetReferences2(swLibFeatureData_FeatureRespect, vRefTypes)
 If Not IsEmpty(vRefTypes) Then
 Debug.Print "Types of references required (edge = 1): "
 For Each refType In vRefTypes
 Debug.Print " " & CStr(refType)
 Next
 End If
 ' Set the name of the active library feature configuration
 swLibFeat.ConfigurationName = "Default"
 ' Select the face where to create the library feature
 status = swModelDocExt.SelectByID2("", "FACE", 0.522458766456054, 0.288038964184011, 9.99999999987722E-03, False, 0, Nothing, 0)
 ' Create the library feature
 Set swFeature = swFeatureManager.CreateFeature(swLibFeat)
 ' Access the library feature to position it on the part
 Set swLibFeat = Nothing
 Set swLibFeat = swFeature.GetDefinition
 status = swLibFeat.AccessSelections(swModel, Nothing)
 ' Select the edges where to position the library feature
 status = swModelDocExt.SelectByID2("", "EDGE", 0.960865149149924, 0.497807163546383, 1.31011390528215E-02, True, 0, Nothing, 0)
 status = swModelDocExt.SelectByID2("", "EDGE", 0.99866860703213, 0.481385806014544, 1.13313929676906E-02, True, 0, Nothing, 0)
 Dim selCount As Long
 selCount = swSelectionManager.GetSelectedObjectCount2(-1)
 selCount = selCount - 1
 ReDim obj(selCount) As Object
 Dim i As Long
 For i = 0 To selCount
 Set obj(i) = swSelectionManager.GetSelectedObject6(i + 1, -1)
 Next
 ' Set the references for positioning the library feature on the part
 Dim vLibRefs As Variant
 vLibRefs = obj
 swLibFeat.SetReferences (vLibRefs)
 ' Update the definition of the library feature
 status = swFeature.ModifyDefinition(swLibFeat, swModel, Nothing)
 ' Unsuppress the library feature
 status = swModelDocExt.SelectByID2("straight slot<1>", "BODYFEATURE", 0, 0, 0, False, 0, Nothing, 0)
 swModel.EditUnsuppress2
 swModel.ClearSelection2 True
End Sub
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SciPy
scipy.spatial.Rectangle.split
Rectangle.split(d, split)[source]
Produce two hyperrectangles by splitting.
In general, if you need to compute maximum and minimum distances to the children, it can be done more efficiently by updating the maximum and minimum distances to the parent.
Parameters:
d : int
Axis to split hyperrectangle along.
split : float
Position along axis d to split at.
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scipy.spatial.Rectangle.min_distance_rectangle
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scipy.spatial.Rectangle.volume


text:
Binary package "empire" in ubuntu maverick
the war game of the century
Empire is a console game simulation of a full-scale war between two
emperors, the computer and you. Naturally, there is only room for
one, so the object of the game is to destroy the other.
The world on which the game takes place is a square rectangle containing
cities, land, and water. Cities are used to build armies, planes, and
ships which can move across the world destroying enemy pieces, exploring,
and capturing more cities.
The classic game from the 1980s uses text mode graphical output, drawing
your units, cities and the world in color. Commands are issued using


Let's go to the Bastion The spirit of the Domaine
A unique place
À la découverte du bastion
"La Tour des filles "(Girls' tower) is part of the 5 bastions still present in Beaune. It was built at the beginning of the 16th century and was named after women with loose morals who lived nearby. It was renamed in the meantime "Bastion de l'Oratoire", because of the chapel adjoined. Used since the beginning of Domaine Chanson, the Bastion houses barrels where the wines of the domaine are aged.
When Mars and Bacchus meet
The construction of this real defence tower was decided under Louis XI and achieved under François Ier. Built as a defence tower and classified as an historic monument with its 8-metres thick walls, it became the property of Chanson under the Revolution. The constant temperature and humidity guaranteed by its walls make it an ideal cellar.
Today on 4 different levels, the fourth built in 1826, the Bastion Chanson is entirely dedicated to wine ageing. The first three house red wines where each floor is destined for a vintage. As for the fourth floor, it accommodates white wines.
À la découverte du bastion
Roots that stretch over several centuries... Discover Chanson history!


text:
The World Bank is funding several important environmental projects in the governorate of Tozeur including a project to promote "ecotourism in the reserve of Dghoumes." The project cost is estimated at an amount exceeding 1.5 million Tunisian dinars (MTD), Ridha Guesmi, Regional Director of Environment told TAP correspondent.
He added that the project has started since the beginning of 2013 and will run for five years.
The project aims to boost the ecological tourist movement in this region. It has three main components: the development of a study on sustainable management of the reserve and its environment, review of laws relating to the field of management of the reserve in addition to promoting the skills of local residents in crafts and eco-tourism.
Dghoumes is a park designed in particular to restore the vegetation and plant characteristics of the Tunisian Sahara. It is also home to diverse wildlife.
The World Bank will also contribute to the promotion of the oases of Tozeur as part of a project to promote the ancient oases in Tunisia.
This project aims to establish the criteria and areas of intervention in the Tunisian oases and the WB will fund pilot projects in some oases contributing to the development of the conditions of life and work of farmers and sustainable management.
The Regional Director of Environment specifies that some projects are difficult to be finalized including the controlled regional landfill where the National Agency for Waste Management works to rectify the situation with the contractor to complete the work.
In addition, a tender was launched for the second time to build an eco-tourism center in Midès (Delegation of Tamaghza) to be funded by the state.


1000kg/h Carbonization Furnace Plant Was Shipped to Congo
Congolese customers ordered a continuous carbonization furnace and charcoal grinder with an output of 800-1000kg/h from our charcoal machine factory for the production and sale of barbecue charcoal. The Congolese customer has inspected the charcoal processing project for nearly half a year and finally decided to purchase carbonization equipment to produce barbecue charcoal. He said that his local barbecue charcoal is in great demand, and he believes that his investment decision is correct, and he will surely create great benefits for himself.
How to make barbecue charcoal in Congo?
At present, the Congolese charcoal production still uses a more traditional method, that is, charcoal kilns are used to carbonize various types of wood and logs. Nowadays, with the continuous improvement of charcoal equipment, the production of charcoal can be carried out with a dedicated carbonization furnace. Considering the low production efficiency of traditional charcoal processing methods and high labor costs, the Congolese customer decided to try to import charcoal machines to produce charcoal.
Why choose the continuous carbonization furnace to Congo?
The Congolese customer understood the difference between different types of carbonization furnaces when consulting us because after consulting him for more information, we recommended continuous carbonization furnaces to him. Why do we recommend a continuous carbonization machine to him?
This is mainly determined by the customer's raw materials. The customer stated that the raw materials used to produce charcoal are mixed, but mainly agricultural waste such as rice husks, wood chips, and peanut husks. The main feature of the customer's raw materials is that they are small in size, so there is no need to use a grinder for processing.
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text:
Okay, so here's my question:
Every full 4-ary tree of height 2 has at least ________ vertices and at most ________ vertices.
I know the formula to find the max number of leaves is m^h leaves in an m-ary tree of height h.
However, I don't know how to find max/min number of vertices. Any suggestions?
EDIT: Okay, so I used the max number of leaves formula (m^h) to get the max possible number of leaves for my 4-ary tree. The answer is 16. So, I got to thinking, what if I use the formula n = (ml - 1)/(m-1) (n being vertices, m being the m-ary tree, and l being the leaves). I plugged everything in and got 21. Is this the answer of the max vertices? If so, how do I get the min?


text: The challenge for designing the garden for the new head quarters of the savings bank VSB was to link the building with the surrounding ecological park. The basis for the garden design was to raise the plot so that the parking garage beneath the building presents a 1.4 metre high plinth in a green space. Above a flowering layer of herbaceous plants is a forest of birches, their grid serving to counter the large building. The building's plinth, clad as it is in tiles, the colour of anthracite with imprints of birch twigs. Hence there is an exhilarating contrast between fossilized and living nature. One of the paths through the ecological park has been extended into the birch forest. From here it crosses a 200 metre long buxus garden by means of a poetic steel garden bridge containing a bench. The reptilian bridge and a variety of unsubtle red sandstone blocks put the sleek, discreet bank building into some sort of perspective.


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Example Of Magnetic Separation
Magnetic Separation Examples. Magnetic Separation Topic Examples. Magnetic separation takes advantage of natural magnetic properties between minerals in feed The separation is between economic ore constituents noneconomic contaminants and gangue Magnetite and ilmenite can be separated from their nonmagnetic rockforming minerals of host rock as valuable products or as.
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 - Examples Of Magnetic Separation
 Examples Of Magnetic Separation
 Magnetic separation examples in real life what is magnetic separation czeueu magnetism by jack shenfield a pro and con real life application con pro what is magnetic separation magnetic separation is the use of separating mixtures with a magnet for example to separate canadian and american coins you can wave a magnet over them and because the.Give some examples of magnetic separation. - chemistry q a. Magnetic Separation is which separating components of mixtures by using magnets to attract magnetic materials or magnetically susceptible particles or bodies are separated from non-magnetic particles.Magnetic separation examples. All magnetic separation examples wholesalers magnetic separation examples manufacturers come from members. We doesn't provide magnetic separation examples products or service, please contact them directly and verify their companies info carefully.Dec 06, 2016 Magnetic separation is a versatile technique used in sample preparation for diagnostic purpose. For such application, an external magnetic field is applied to drive the separation of target entity (e.g. bacteria, viruses, parasites and cancer cells) from a complex raw sample in order to ease the subsequent task(s) for disease diagnosis.
 - Give Example Of Magnetic Separation
 Give Example Of Magnetic Separation
 Oct 29, 2018 Magnetic Separation is one of the most common and important physical separation techniques and there are many varieties of magnetic separation equipment available. The basic concept of a Magnetic Separation is that magnetically susceptible particles or bodies are separated from non-magnetic particles.Magnetic Separation is one of the most common and important physical separation techniques. Magnetic Separation is which separating components of mixtures by using magnets to attract magnetic materials or magnetically susceptible particles or bodies are separated from non-magnetic particles. Examples.Oct 23, 2020 Magnetic Separation . Magnetic separation means separation of a mixture by using a magnet. A mixture of iron filling and sulphur powder can be separated by using a magnet. This is because iron filling are attracted by magnet whereas sulphur is not attracted by a magnet.Oct 12, 2018 Magnetic separation is used to separate materials that are magnetized in a magnetic field from materials that are not affected by the field. The way a mineral respond to a magnetic field is characterized by the relative magnetic susceptibility and by the magnetic susceptibility of the carrying fluid [1,10].Various types of low and high magnetic field equipment's are used for magnetic.
 - Real Life Examples Of Magnetic Separation Magnetic
 Real Life Examples Of Magnetic Separation Magnetic
 Describe the following separation methods, with examples decanting, sieving, filtration, separating funnel, centrifugation, magnetic separation, evaporation, distillation and chromatography. Magnetism can be used for separating magnetic materials from non-magnetic materials.Magnetic separation its application in mining, waste. 21 Jul 2017 Further examples of applied magnetic separation involve the extraction of rare tumor cells from blood and target cells. Detection rates of malarial.Feb 13, 2021 Magnetic separation is an industrial process where ferromagnetic contaminants are recovered from materials on the production line. Manufacturers use this to extract useful metal, separate recycling, purify materials, and perform a wide variety of other tasks. Manufacturers of magnetic separation equipment may have a range of products available.Magnetic separation is a specialised method specifically used for separating magnetic materials, such as iron, from non-magnetic materials, such as soil and plastic. It is commonly used in the mining and recycling industries. An example of using magnetic separation in the laboratory . Giant electromagnets can be used to sort scrap metal from.
 - Magnetic Separation Examples In Real Life
 Magnetic Separation Examples In Real Life
 Apr 06, 2021 Magnetic bead separation makes nucleic acid and protein purification effective and easier to automate. With advancements in lab technology and reduced costs, magnetic separation has become a leading technique for sample purification. Read on below to know about magnetic bead separators. How Does a Magnetic Bead Separator.Magnetic separation takes advantage of the fact that magnetite is strongly magnetic (ferromagnetic), hematite is weakly magnetic (paramagnetic), and most gangue minerals are not magnetic (diamagnetic). A simple magnetic separation circuit can be seen in Figure 1.2.5 [9].A slurry passes by a magnetized drum the magnetic material sticks to the drum, while the nonmagnetic slurry keeps flowing.Examples magnetic separation in life on knowledge about magnetism in the vehicle forward is the whole framework of light and for. Google play store the magnetic separation in everyday life on a find and the force. Areas where water and examples of magnetic separation everyday life on top, which.Magnetic Separation in the Mining Industry - Mainland 4 29 2015 How Magnetic Separation is Useful. Magnetic separation has been used in the mining industry for than 100 years, beginning with John Wetherill's Wetherill Magnetic Separator, which.
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