Are creams and lotions the same?
Asked By: Elaid Martini | Last Updated: 22nd April, 2020
Category: style and fashion skin care
4.2/5 (45 Views. 16 Votes)
Perhaps the biggest difference between lotion and cream is that lotions have a higher water content. A lotion is typically a mix of water and droplets of oil, is lighter weight than cream, and is non-greasy. Creams are thicker in consistency than lotions and provide a barrier that keeps skin ultra-hydrated.
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Also, what is the main difference between a lotion and a cream?
The biggest difference between a cream and lotion is the oil content. Creams have a larger percentage of oil content and are most useful to deeply nourish and hydrate very dry skin. Creams are generally better in the winter when there is less moisture in the air, or in dry climates.
Likewise, people ask, is lotion or cream better for face?
In general, creams are better for people with dry skin while lotions are better for those with oily skin. The thicker formulas lock in moisture and/or provide a protective layer to better keep skin hydrated and supple. Thinner formulas help prevent clogged pores and acne breakouts.
What is the difference between Aveeno cream and lotion?
Each cream and lotion has its own unique composition and benefits. Lotions have a higher water percentage and, to put it simply, are droplets of oil mixed in water. Lotions tend to be light-weight, non-greasy, and are more easily absorbed into the skin. They are excellent for normal to slightly dry skin.
37 Related Question Answers Found
Can I use body cream on face?
Body Lotion.
It would be nice to just slather on one lotion and be done with it, but body lotions should NEVER be applied to your face because they're usually a lot thicker and typically contain fragrances that might irritate your facial skin. On your face, you should always use something more gentle and delicate.
Why is it called cold cream?
The emulsion is of a "water in oil" type unlike the "oil in water" type emulsion of vanishing cream, so-called because it seems to disappear when applied on skin. The name "cold cream" derives from the cooling feeling that the cream leaves on the skin. It can also be used to remove makeup and as shaving cream.
Which is more effective cream or lotion?
Because body lotion is more readily absorbed by the skin – due to its lower viscosity than cream – it's excellent for normal to slightly dry skin. It leaves a less greasy residue than cream and is ideal for use during the day and in hot summer months.
Which is better body lotion or body cream?
Body cream is heavier and contains a higher viscosity, or sticky mixture of water and oil. According to, creams penetrate the skin and provide a barrier that prevents more moisture loss from the skin than lotion. Because body cream is thicker, it is usually sold in a tub or jar container.
What ointment means?
An ointment is a smooth fatty or oily substance that is put on skin to protect it or help it heal. A range of ointments and creams is available for the direct treatment of eczema on the skin. An ointment is a smooth fatty or oily substance that is put on skin to protect it or help it heal.
What is the best face moisturizer?
To lend a helping hand, we rounded up the top picks in facial moisturizers.
 - Best Overall: Olay Regenerist Micro-Sculpting Cream.
 - Best Splurge: Crème de la Mer Moisturizing Cream.
 - Best Drugstore: Neutrogena Hydro Boost Water Gel.
 - Best Innovation: Augustinus Bader The Cream.
 - Best for Very Dry Skin: Dr.
Where do you use body cream?
When to Apply Body Lotion and Moisturizer
Kaminer mentioned, it's best to apply body lotion and moisturizer immediately after exiting a bath or shower, while your skin is still damp. This helps to lock in the most moisture.
What is best natural face moisturizer?
The 10 Best Natural and Organic Face Moisturizers
 - Weleda Skin Food Original Ultra-Rich Cream. Weleda
 - Nutrient Day Cream SPF 30. Josh Rosebrook
 - Countertime Antioxidant Soft Cream.
 - Blemish Balm.
 - Golden Hour Recovery Cream.
 - Hyaluronic Gel Moisturizer.
 - Protini Polypeptide Moisturizer.
 - The Dewy Skin Cream.
Which is better Cetaphil cream or lotion?
RazorPete. Lotions are less effective moisturizers than creams and lotions generally have more preservatives in them, due to increased water content. Cetaphil uses parabens as its main preservatives, it puts more into its lotions and less into its creams.
What is the most moisturizing ingredient?
The Best Moisturizers
Humectants, such as glycerin, sorbitol, sodium hyaluronate, urea, propylene glycol, alpha hydroxy acids, and sugars, attract water into the skin cells, causing the skin surface to swell very slightly — thus temporarily making it appear smoother and free of wrinkles.
What is the best lotion for dry skin?
16 Body Lotions and Creams to Moisturize Dry Skin
 - Kiehl's Since 1851 Crème de Corps.
 - The Body Lotion.
 - Advanced Therapy Moisturizing Lotion.
 - Skin Food Original Ultra-Rich Moisturizer.
 - Aveeno Daily Moisturizing Body Lotion.
 - Whipped Argan Oil Body Butter.
 - Shea Butter Rich Body Lotion.
 - Naked Body Butter.
What comes first moisturizer or cream?
Moisturizers help quench dry skin and can double as eye cream. Next comes moisturizer, if you need it. Not everyone does! If your skin is normal to oily, you may be able to get away with a serum alone.
What is the best lotion or cream for dry skin?
Read on for the best body lotions for dry skin.
 - Best Overall: Nécessaire The Body Lotion.
 - Best Budget: CeraVe Daily Moisturizing Lotion.
 - Best Splurge: La Mer The Body Crème Jar.
 - Best Scent: Le Labo Rose 31 Hand & Body Lotion.
 - Best Classic: Kiehl's Creme de Corps.
Is moisturizer better than lotion?
Lotions usually are a type of cream which has a lighter consistency than a moisturizer. Moisturizers, on the other hand, have a thicker consistency than lotions. They are specially designed to hydrate the skin. People who have dry skin go for heavier moisturizers to hydrate their skin more.
Which is best face cream for dry skin?
Best lightweight face cream for dry skin: Neutrogena Hydro Boost Water Gel. Best drugstore face cream for dry skin: CeraVe Moisturizing Cream. Best pro-approved face cream for dry skin: Drunk Elephant Protini Polypeptide Cream. Best plant-based face cream for dry skin: Youth To The People Age Prevention Superfood Cream.
How do I choose lotion?
Creams are thinner, help hydrate, and are good for normal skin. Lotions are the lightest (water is their main ingredient) and are a good match for oily skin. Base the thickness of your moisturizer on when and where you use it on your body.
Should you use body lotion everyday?
If that's you, you probably don't need to moisturize every day. However, it's good to moisturize certain areas of your skin every day. You should also be moisturizing your face more often than the rest of your body (I usually stick to two times a day).


Protecting Microsoft Word Files (Disable Editing)
When you're collaborating with multiple people on a Microsoft Word document, it may be helpful to mark a draft as FINAL to prevent further edits. To do this in Microsoft Word, go to the File tab and under the Info options select "Protect Document" and "Mark as Final". This lets other readers know that this is a final draft. When they open the document, they'll see a yellow banner across the top that says "An author has marked this document as final to discourage editing". Note that discourages editing, but the reader can go ahead and select "Edit Anyway" to make further edits.
Word-Protect-Document
Other options to protect the document include "Encrypt with a Password" so a password will be required to open the document. You can also "Restrict Editing" to restrict what kind of changes can be made to the document, either by tracking changes or by making the document "read only". If you decide to protect the document with a password, make sure you have a way to remember the password!


text:
... including targeted forecasts at the time of your arrival to each point!
Port Alberni, British Columbia is blessed with mild temperatures year-round. The average temperature in the city ranges from 4.3°C in January to 16.2°C in July. The warmest months tend to be July and August, with temperatures often reaching up to 22.8°C. The coldest months are typically December and January, with temperatures sometimes dropping down to -4.4°C.
The city receives an average of 845.6 mm of precipitation annually, with the wettest months being November to January and the driest months being June to August. Snowfall is usually mild and rarely accumulates, though snow storms can occur every few years. The city experiences an average of 20.2 days of snowfall a year, with the heaviest snowfall occurring in January.
The city is also prone to strong winds, especially in the fall and winter months. On average, the city experiences winds of 8.5 km/h throughout the year.
Overall, Port Alberni enjoys mild temperatures and ample precipitation year-round, making it a great place to live.
As of 2020, the city population is 17678.
This map shows the current & 7-day weather forecast, weather alerts, and weather radar for Port Alberni, British Columbia.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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|FHWA > Policy Information > NHCCI > The Mathematics of the National Highway Construction Cost Index|
The Mathematics of the National Highway Construction Cost Index
This document specifies the methodology which serves as the basis for the development of the National Highway Construction Cost Index, (NHCCI).
General Methodology for Calculating the NHCCI
The Fisher Ideal Index formula is applied using a chain-type indexing methodology to produce the NHCCI. The specific implementation and reasons for choosing this specification are given in this section.
Step 1. Definition of price index
The price index, It, of a specific cost item of highway construction (such as cement) gives the price of that item in period t, (pt), relative term to its price in reference period 0, (p0). The mathematical expression of It is:
Where, c represents the cost of the item and q represents the quantity of the item.
Step 2. Aggregating individual cost items into a total construction cost index
For highway construction as a whole, however, the direct price (p) does not exist because the price is the product of cost divided by quantity and the quantities of highway construction cost items are measured in different units which are not directly comparable and not additive. Therefore, we cannot calculate the price index of highway construction as a whole by directly implementing equation (1).
One natural way to derive the price index of highway construction as a whole is to calculate it as the weighted average of price indexes of individual cost items.
Where, superscript n represent the nth cost item and wn represents the weight assigned to the nth cost item.
Step 3. Choice of index formula
As equation (2) shows, the aggregate price index for highway construction as a whole not only depends on the price indexes of the individual cost items of highway construction, but also depends on the weights assigned to the individual price indexes. Therefore, how to weight the individual price indexes is essential in calculating an aggregate price index, such as the NHCCI. The choice of weights also leads to the choice of index formula.
In the economic index literature, there are three well known index formulas. They are the Laspeyres Index, the Paasche Index and the Fisher Ideal Index. In equation form, they are:
(3) (Laspeyres price index)
(4) (Paasche price index)
(5) (Fisher price index)
All three price index formulas use quantities of individual cost items as weights to their respective prices in calculating the aggregate price index. However, the Laspeyres price index formula uses quantities of the base period (0) as weights, while the Paasche price index formula uses quantities of the current period (t) as weights. The Fisher price index is a geometric mean of the Laspeyres price index and the Paasche price index.
Despite its many obvious advantages, the Laspeyres price index has its limitations. One of the limitations is that it usually overstates the impact of price increases and understates the impact of price decreases as the current period moves further away from the base period. This occurs because of the substitution effect when prices change in relative terms. Agents substitute away from goods whose relative prices increase so that the base year weights overstate the relative importance of these goods in the budget. As a result, the use of quantities from an earlier period as weights systematically biases the aggregate price index upward from the real change in aggregate price. In contrast, an aggregate price index derived from the Paasche price index formula is usually biased downward due to the substitution effect.
A second limitation of the Laspeyres index as it is often implemented is that as time goes on the fixed base year become less relevant to the current year or the year(s) of concern. However, if the base year is shifted forward in time, the entire index series will be changed. In other words, history will be rewritten every time the base year is changed.
The Fisher Ideal index, proposed by Irving Fisher in 1922, is one of the superlative indexes that give good approximations to the theoretical or "exact" cost-of-living index and yet are relatively simple to compute and use. Compared to fixed-weighted Laspeyres or Paasche Indexes, Fisher Ideal index takes the weights of both the base period and the current period into account. By doing so, Fisher Ideal index has the ability to accommodate the effects of substitutions, something the Laspeyres and Paasche indexes do not do. A major advantage of Fisher Ideal index over other superlative indexes, such as the Tornquvist index, is its "dual" property, i.e. a Fisher Ideal price index implies a Fisher Ideal quantity index, and vice versa. In other words, the product of a Fisher Ideal price index between two periods and a Fisher Ideal quantity index between the same two periods is equal to the total change in value (measured in current dollars) between those two periods.
All these advantages strongly suggest that the Fisher Ideal index formula is an excellent choice for building the NHCCI.
Step 4. Calculating aggregate price index for two adjacent periods
Since the OSI Bid-Tabs database provides data on bid value and bid quantity and estimated bid price data for each cost item of highway constructions in the United States, we can apply the Fisher Ideal Index formula to the bid quantity and estimated bid price data from Bid-Tabs data at the cost item (or Pay Item) level to calculate the NHCCI.
However, each time when the Fisher Ideal Index formula is applied to the price and quantity data, one and only one index number will be generated for the two time periods the data represent. In other words, the formula will not generate a price index series at once. The time period can be a month, a quarter, or a year and is usually determined by the data availability. An index number can be generated between any two periods in time. The two periods can be adjacent to each other. They also can be far away from each other with many periods between them. However, in order to build an index that accurately track price changes from one period to the next over time, it will be necessary to generate an index number for every pair of adjacent periods of the entire time period for which an index is build.
Step 5. Chain index numbers of adjacent periods into a time series of indexes
From the equations, we can see that the R1 is the index number of period (1) relative to period (0); R2 is the index number of period (2) relative to period (1); and Rt is the index number of period (t) relative to period (t-1); and that each index number presents the aggregate price of the current period in relative term to the aggregate price of the previous period. Mathematicians call this kind of indexing relative indexing. In relative indexing, an index number highlights the change in price from the adjacent previous period.
However, to show price changes over time, it will be more effective to compare the price of each period to the price of the base period. When an index is calculated by comparing the concerned period directly to the base period, it is called "direct indexing". The procedure of direct indexing is a dual process. That is, while the price of the concerned period is indexed in terms relative to the price of the base period, the price of the base period is also indexed to 1 and only 1. Therefore, the value of a direct index is always in terms relative to 1 and equal to the change between the two periods. This property provides the mathematical underpinning for the "chain" index procedure.
When the price of the base period (0) is indexed to 1, the chained index numbers, I1 for period (1), I2 for period (2), …, and It for period (t), can be calculated as:
In words, the chained index number of any period (to the base period) can be calculated as the product of the consecutive multiplication of the changes of the adjacent periods between the base period and that period. For example, with the chain-type procedure and annual rates of changes (Rt), the index of year 1995 to year 1990 (I90,95) can be calculated as:
In summary, the Chained Fisher Ideal Index method for building the NHCCI contains two steps. In the first step, Fisher Ideal Index formula is used to calculate changes in aggregate price between adjacent periods with bid quantity and estimated bid price data at the cost item (or Pay Item) level from Oman Bid-Tabs database as inputs. This step is also an aggregation process. Changes in aggregate price of highway construction as a whole calculated in this way are essentially the averages of quantity weighted changes in the prices of the cost items of highway construction. In the second step, changes in aggregate price between adjacent periods are chained together through consecutive multiplication to form a time series of aggregate price index for highway construction as a whole.
The Chained Fisher Ideal Index method recognizes the need for estimating changes in the aggregate price of highway construction as a whole to use weights that are relevant and appropriate for the specific periods being measured. The Chained Fisher Ideal Index method has three important advantages over Fixed-Weighted Indexes. First, while it makes aggregation of price changes in many and different cost items into one measure through weighting, it captures the effects of changes in the relative importance of different cost items in highway construction over time. Second, it minimizes substitution bias and, at the same time, provides a more accurate track of price changes in highway construction cost items as a whole. Third, it eliminates the inconvenience and confusion associated with Fixed-Weighted Indexes of updating the weights and base periods, and thus rewriting economic history, as base periods move further and further into the past and become more and more irrelevant

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Studies have shown that although guilt is a feeling that is more common among men, women tend to feel this emotion more intensely. In this study, researchers tried to analyze if feelings of guilt and their intensity, especially when habitual, could be different between the sexes. Researchers also attempted to understand other factors like "interpersonal sensitivity" and anxiety coupled with aggression, which could affect guilt. Results have shown that the difference between the sexes does indeed lie in these two factors and that, "habitual guilt was found to be more intense in women than in men in all age groups."
Researchers had in a previous study explored feelings of guilt in teenagers between ages 15 and 19 and among adults in the 25 to 48 age group. They noted that teenage girls experienced deeper guilt than teenage boys but that adults showed no such gender disparity. For this study, the researchers tried to explore if these differences persist in adulthood. There have been studies that show that "problems in interpersonal relationships tend to evoke guilt (interpersonal guilt) and moral dilemmas more often in women." This is labeled as "interpersonal sensitivity." Besides, anxiety along with outward anger and inward anger known as "anxiety aggressiveness" also guides guilt. There have been no studies exploring the difference between the genders, caused by these factors "interpersonal sensitivity" and "anxiety aggressiveness," and this prompted the present study.
- The study group of 360 participants was divided into three age groups. The first one consisted of 156 teenagers (ages ranging from 15 to 19). The second group involved 96 adults (aged 25 to 33) and the third group had middle-aged adults (ages ranging from 40 to 50).
- They were all given an initial questionnaire that asked them to relate a situation that made them feel guilty and rate the amount of guilt that they felt. Based on this, they were determined to be habitually guilty or not.
- The guilt-evoking situations were also analyzed to see if they were interpersonal or not. For example, not visiting one's aged mother was interpersonal while indulging in an extra drink was not.
- Similarly, from a questionnaire that quantified the anxiety and anger felt due to these guilt-evoking situations, measures of "anxiety aggressiveness" were also determined.
- Results showed that "the experiences of habitual guilt reported by women were more intense than those reported by men."
- These results are different from a previous study by the researchers that showed that adult men and women suffer from guilt equally.
- More women reported interpersonal events (86.5 percent) than men (76.5 percent), in all the age groups. Also the anxious-aggressive factor was seen more among women, irrespective of age. Women in their middle age had the highest anxious-aggressive component.
- Of concern is the fact that "interpersonal sensitivity" is the lowest among young men between ages 25 and 33.
One of the perceived shortcomings of this study was some of the gender behaviors in reporting feelings. Earlier studies have said that men may hide their actual emotions and women may exaggerate their emotions and expressions; in this study, sometimes women may have held back from expressing themselves, making analysis unpredictable. Researchers plan to explore these questions in future studies.
This study shows that women feel habitually guilty more often than men. This gender difference is mainly due to interpersonal relations and the anxiety and anger that they feel, if placed in a situation that evokes a feeling of guilt. One of the expected results from this study is the lack of empathy towards relationships and family, in young men. On the other hand, "anxious aggressiveness" can lead to deeper mental health problems than habitual anxiety. This lack of "interpersonal sensitivity" as well as "anxious aggressive" behavior could be tackled by a change in "educational practices and socializing agents," according to the study authors.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


How to Fill Blank Cells with Value above in Excel (3 Easy Ways)
Have an Excel question? Chat with an Excel Expert!
Sometimes, you may have a dataset where there are empty/blank cells in a dataset that should have been filled with the same value.
Below is a common example where the date is only mentioned one time and all the remaining records for that same date have the date cells blank.
While this type of data may look cleaner (especially when printed), it's not great when you try to use this for calculations or create a Pivot Table using it.
In many cases, you would need to fill these blank cells with the value in the above cell.
How to Fill Blank Cells with Value above in Excel
In this Excel tutorial, I will show you three really easy ways to fill the blank cells with the value above in Excel.
 1. Using Go To Special with a formula
 2. Using Find and Replace with a formula
 3. Using VBA
The tricky part of this entire process is actually selecting the blank cells. Once you have the blank cells selected, there are multiple ways to copy cell values from above.
So let's get started!
Fill Cells with Value Above Using 'Go To Special' + Formula
The first step in filling blank cells from the value above is to select these blank cells. And this can easily be done using the 'Go To Special' option in Excel.
Suppose you have a dataset as shown below and you want to fill all the blank cells in column A with the date from the cell above.
Dataset-to-fill-blank-cells-from-above-cells
Below are the steps to select all these blank cells at one go:
 1. Select the dataset in which you have these blank/empty cells
 2. Hit the F5 key on your keyboard (use + G if you're using a Mac). This will open the 'Go To' dialog box
 3. Click on the Special button.Click-on-the-Special-Button
 4. In the 'Go To Special' dialog box, select the 'Blanks' optionSelect-the-blank-option
 5. Click OK.
The above steps would select all the blank cells in this dataset.
All-blank-cells-are-selected
Now that you have all the blank cells selected, the next step is to fill all these blank cells from the value above.
Follow the following steps to use a formula to copy the value from the cell above:
 1. Enter = (equal to sign). by default, this will enter the equal to sign in the active cell only
 2. Press the up-arrow key. This will select the cell right above the active cellEnter-the-formula-in-the-active-cell
 3. Hold the Control key and press the enter key (Command + Enter if you're using a Mac)
That's it!
The above steps would apply the same formula (which is simply to refer to the cell above) to all the selected blank cells.
Once you have all these blank cells filled, remember to convert the formulas to values.
Note that for this method to work, the cells need to be completely empty. In case there are space characters, the 'Go-To' feature will not consider these as blank cells and these wouldn't be selected.
Fill Cells with Value Above Using 'Find and Replace' + Formula
The above (Go To Special) method works well when you only have the blank cells that you want to fill-down.
But what if you get a dataset where the cells are not really blank (but may have a dash in it or some text such as NA).
In such a case, you can also use the Find and Replace method.
This method works similar to Go To Special, but with an added advantage of being able to select cells based on the value.
With this method, you can select blank cells or you can select cells that have any specific text/value in it.
Let me show you how this would work taking an example of blank cells only.
Suppose you have a dataset as shown below and you want to fill all the blank cells in column A with the date from the cell above.
Below are the steps to select all the blank cells using Find and Replace:
 1. Select the dataset in which you have these blank/empty cells
 2. Hold the Control key and press the F key (or Command + F if you're using Mac)
 3. In the Find and Replace dialog box that opens up, click on the 'Find All' button. This will find all the cells that are blank and you will also see a list of these cells addresses.Click-on-Find-All
 4. Hold the Control key and press the A key (or Command + A if you're using Mac). This will select all these blank cellsSelect-all-blank-cells-using-the-keyboard-shortcut-Control-A
 5. Close the Find and Replace dialog box.
By the end of these steps, you will have all the empty cells selected.
Now, you can use the formula to get the value from the above cell and fill in the blank cells in Excel.
Follow the following steps to use a formula to copy the value from the cell above:
 1. Enter = (equal to sign). by default, this will enter the equal to sign in the active cell only
 2. Press the up-arrow key. This will select the cell right above the active cell
 3. Hold the Control key and press the enter key (Command + Enter if you're using a Mac)
One of the benefits of using Find and Replace it works when you have blank cells that you want to fill, and you can also use it to find and select cells that have specific values.
For example, suppose you have a dataset as shown below where instead of the blank cells, we have dashes instead.
Dataset-that-has-dash-in-empty-cells
To do this, follow the below steps:
 1. Select the dataset
 2. Hold the Control key and press the F key (or Command + F if you're using Mac)
 3. In the Find and Replace dialog box that opens up, enter – (dash) in the 'Find what' field.Enter-Dash-in-Find-and-Replace-Find-what-field
 4. Click on the Find All button. This will find all the cells that have the dash symbol and you will also see a list of these cells' addresses.
 5. Hold the Control key and press the A key (or Command + A if you're using Mac). This will select all these cells
 6. Close the Find and Replace dialog box.
Once you have these cells selected, you can use the formula steps shown above to fill values from cells above (or even full cell values from below/right/left).
Fill Cells with Value Above Using VBA
While these two above methods work perfectly fine, in case you have to do this quite often, you can also use a simple VBA code to get this done.
And if you want to be super-efficient and get this done with a single click, you can add the VBA macro to the Quick Access Toolbar (QAT) and simply click on it to fill the blank cells in the selection with the cell value from the above cell.
Below is the VBA code that will get this done:
Sub FillCellFromAbove()
For Each cell In Selection
 If cell.Value = "" Then
 cell.Value = cell.Offset(-1, 0).Value
 End If
Next cell
End Sub
To use this code, first, select the dataset where you want to copy the value from the above cell, and then run this code.
The above code uses the FOR EACH loop where it goes through each and every cell in the selection. As soon as it finds a cell that's empty (checked using the IF statement), it copies the value from the cell above (done using OFFSET).
In this specific example, you may notice that
Note: In case you want to save a workbook that has the macro code, you need to save it in the .XLSM (macro enabled) format.
The best thing about using this VBA code is that it doesn't require you to convert the formulas into values. With this method, you get static values only. This makes it a really efficient method (of all the three covered in this tutorial).
There are however two things you need to know when using VBA to get fill the blank cells with a value from the above cell:
 - You can't undo this once you have run the macro code. So make sure you create a backup copy before you run the VBA code
 - If you have a huge dataset (thousands of rows with multiple columns), this is likely to slow down your system. Since the VBA code above goes through and analyzes each cell, it takes more time than the remaining two methods. When using with a few hundred (or even a few thousand data points), you'll likely not notice any difference in speed.
To use this VBA macro code, you need to put it into a regular module.
So these are three ways you can use to fill the blank cells with data from the cell above it.
Hope you found this tutorial useful!
You may also like the following Excel tutorials:


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What does "Pochemuchka" mean?
Do you know someone who always has a question to ask? Someone who is always curious about something or the other, no matter what the topic at hand is. If you do, then you know someone who is referred to in Russian as a Pochemuchka (pronounced poh-cheh-moch-kah) – a person who asks too many questions. Curiosity is often a sign of intelligence. But remember, if you ask too many questions, you'll only find more questions, no answers!


Converting a afghan pattern
Tallguy's picture
Sometimes you can't simply
Sometimes you can't simply double all the numbers in a pattern for it doesn't work that way. The border stitches are separate, and you can do any border you like. That is up to you, but choose a "balanced" pattern -- that is, with an equal number of knits and purls so that your edges don't curl.
Your pattern repeat is 16. You can make anything with just the one repeat, but it looks nicer when you have several repeats of a design. You can make 10 repeats, 20, and upwards, or any number you like. It usually looks best to have an odd number (for balancing the design, but not always). Once you have determined your gauge, you will be able to calculate the size of your project.
After you have the repeats, you need to add that one stitch. That one is used to finish off the repeat at the very end. I can tell that with the addition of that one stitch, your total will always be an odd number. 274 won't work out evenly.
So add up the body number of stitches, plus the border stitches (two sides) and you have your total to cast on. It's just that easy! :-)
ronhuber's picture
16 x 16 = 256 + 1 = 257 + 16
16 x 16 = 256 + 1 = 257 + 16 (border stitches) = 273
Joe-in Wyoming's picture
Okay...math isn't my strong
Okay...math isn't my strong point but here goes:
Take the 274 and subtract the seed stitch border of 8 stitches. Then check to see if the 266 sts is divisible by 16 with 1 left over. If so, then you should be okay. If not, you may have to adjust your cast on numbers to have everything balance out. Lots of luck and I hope I steered you in the right direction.
Thanks, guys.
Thanks, guys.


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PhosLube – Base Oils Aromatic Carbon Analysis
Aromatic carbon analysis within a lubricant mineral base oil is very important because content ranges can directly effect outcomes of other tests such as viscosity and boiling points. This analysis is typically performed via infrared spectroscopy, which focuses primarily on the electromagnetic spectrum (wavelengths and frequencies). This is a form of absorption spectroscopy, which measures absorption of radiation via frequency/wavelengths during interaction with the sample being analyzed. These tests are typically performed to determine particles amounts within a sample. PhosLube offers a number of tests for base oils, but aromatic carbon analysis may be the most common.


Average Weather Data for Yucca, Arizona
Monthly Averages
January February March April May June July August September October November December
Average Monthly high in °F: 62° 66° 71° 80° 89° 101° 105° 103° 97° 85° 71° 62°
Average Monthly low in °F: 38° 41° 44° 50° 59° 69° 77° 75° 67° 55° 44° 38°
Yearly Averages
What's The Average High Temp in Yucca? 82.7 °F
What's the Average Low in Yucca? 54.8 °F
What's the Average Temperature in Yucca? 68.75 °F
How Many Inches of Rain per year does Yucca get? 8.1 inches
How Many Rainy Days a year are there in Yucca? N/A
How Much Sunshine each year is there in Yucca (in hours)? N/A
How much, if any, snow falls each year in Yucca? N/A
Yucca Temperature and Rain Graphs
Average high in °F
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What Do People Ask Online About Pole Dancing?
What do People Ask Online About Pole Dancing?
Remember that time you witnessed pole dancing for the first time and your jaw dropped?
Learning a new hobby appealed to you. You watched a few online videos and pictured yourself spinning on a pole. Maybe you planned to perform for your special someone.
And then someone close to you said something untoward, and you hesitated. Did you enroll in your first trial class? Or were you held back by fears?
Well, you're not alone! We've curated top questions asked on Reddit, Quora, and Twitter. Results suggest that first-time polers are afraid of how hard it can be or of negative judgment.
Read on to satiate your curiosity and overcome your objections:
How hard is pole dancing?
Quora How Hard is Pole Dancing?
Anyone can pole dance. There aren't pre-requisites to get started, like a former dance background, or developed a group of muscles from years at the gym or specific skill sets at a height like rock climbing. Pole dance isn't an activity that discriminates based on what body type you have, or what your physical training has been.
However, pole dancing requires consistent hard work to make progress at. If you have access to a good studio and teachers that's already half the battle won. You must practice at least three to four times a week to build core strength you need to execute aerial tricks, suspend upside-down on the pole and hold your poses through minutes-long routines. The good news is, practice pays off.
You also must work on your flexibility. Classes start with 20 minutes of warm-ups and stretch so you don't get injured. They design pole moves and routines so that everything you learn is cumulative; once you master the basics, in just two to three terms you could execute complicated aerial stunts in the air, upside down, and with showmanship!
Will people judge you for learning to pole dance?
Teacher Suspended Pole Dancing
I learned pole in a private women-only studio with black-out curtains and a very discrete instructor, so I wasn't afraid of prying eyes or judgment. My family and friends told me over and over not to tell anyone else, but with time I lost a lot of fear around this.
People will always a judge, and they will judge you out of context. Especially if they never liked you in the first place, or if they're dissatisfied with their own lives.
I'd be wary of radio-announcing your newfound hobby around the workplace, or communities involving young kids or parents of young kids. As with nudity, so with pole dancing. You want to give them an option to not see you strutting your stuff if it's offensive to them. If they're not ready for it yet, it's their loss, it doesn't have to affect your ability to practice it within your own space.
Instead of negative judgment, I've only ever encountered praise and awe from both men and women. They're impressed by the feats I accomplish on the pole, they compare it to gymnastics and exclaim 'wow, you must have core strength!' or 'how do you do that with your body? You're so flexible!' Mostly I get positive feedback on how brave I must be to do this whenever I perform.
Pole dancing has become my prime passion, my body an instrument to spread body positivity to other women. That's so important, this year has seen a lot of debate around social media causing negative body image issues. How can I possibly keep such a thing quiet when I believe in healthy body perspectives?
Bruises – does it get better?
The answer is, yes! This too, shall pass. Everyone who starts a beginner class in pole complains about bruises. The first time you come home from a class looking bruised like a banana, you worry that your family may think you have an abusive boyfriend! The truth is, antibruise creams don't work as advertised.
Getting back on the pole, and practicing often, does. Bruising happens, in my opinion, in the early stages when you're too reliant on the touch points between your limbs or your joints and the pole to keep you aloft. Once you develop proper techniques and learn to engage your whole-body strength, you shouldn't bruise so easily.
Warm up in thick volleyball kneepads to protect your knees. You can use these during exotic pole, too. Wear more coverage, like yoga pants and long-sleeved shirts, when you practice floor work (for those pesky shoulder rolls, shoulder stands, and legwork on your back).
Is pole dancing a sport?
Pole dancing can be a sport. I know there are those trying to get it accepted by the relevant committees to make it an Olympic sport. But I see it more as an art form. I don't think it has to be a sport to be touted as something 'acceptable' or 'mainstream' that many people can do for either fitness or as a hobby.
It's such a close-ended question to ask. Like asking, 'is ballet a sport'? The idea of making it seem like a sport instead of a dance or art form makes it sound so competitive. Like we need to have X medals in pole dance competition or Y qualifying rounds of elimination to determine who is fit to pole dance and who is not. Like there are certain 'organizations' who have to govern over it and put it on a billboard or provide a place for it in a stadium for us to accept it.
I much prefer a pole dance community that is open and not judged. Where we get to wear our sexy high heels and star-studded bikinis and celebrate one another's showmanship, grace, lines, techniques, and styles. Pole dancing is beautiful when we come at it from a place of acceptance — of everyone's diversity in expressing themselves through this art form.
Now we've answered your burning questions, come join PoleCon 2019 and get pole dancing!
Bee-Lee See
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text:
Mooreville High School - Water Quality Sampling and Testing
November 5, 2012
Traveling all the way from north Mississippi, Adelia Wright brought her students on a two-night stay with us here at GCRL. Unfortunately, bad weather made it imposible for the group to show off their stewardship on a marine debris removal trip. However, they became experts at water quality testing. They produced extensive data by collecting samples at several locations along the coast and performing water quality tests. They also learned about mapping, GPS usage, and watersheds.
Click a thumbnail to view the full-size photo.


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how fast is the speed of light in mach?
How fast is the speed of sound in Mach?
For example, the standard atmosphere model lapses temperature to −56.5 °C (−69.7 °F) at 11,000 meters (36,089 ft) altitude, with a corresponding speed of sound (Mach 1) of 295.0 meters per second (967.8 ft/s ; 659.9 mph ; 573.4 kn), 86.7% of the sea level value.
Full answer in: en.wikipedia.org
More questions like: How fast is the speed of sound in Mach?
Is Mach 15 possible?
A: Mach 15 is about 5104.35 meters per second. The only plane that was slated to move that fast was the (unmanned) NASA X-43, which recorded speeds over Mach 10. ... Astronauts reach well over Mach 15 during re-entry: they can reach speeds as high as Mach 25. Jun 6, 2015
Full answer in: howthingsfly.si.edu
More questions like: Is Mach 15 possible?


text:
Benefits of Tannic Acid Glycerin Gum paint:
- Treats Gingivitis:
- The astringent and antiseptic properties of Tannic Acid Glycerin Gum Paint treat gingivitis. It is a hemostatic (stops bleeding) that prevent gum bleeding and helps in strengthening gums. It reduces gum inflammation, heals wounds, refreshes breath and kills bacteria in the oral cavity.
- Treats mouth ulceration:
- Tannic Acid Glycerin Gum Paint treats a mouth ulcer that occurs on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity.
- Treats Tooth ache :
- Tannic Acid Glycerin Gum Paint treats toothache. A toothache is pain that occurs within a tooth or the surrounding gum.
- Treats Dental plaque:
- Tannic Acid Glycerin Gum Paint is killmicroorganisms in the bio film. It kills the harmful bacteria can reduce the degree of
- Tannic Acid Glycerin Gum Paint is a mild antiseptic used in the mouth to help relieve minor mouth irritation (like due to canker/cold sores, dentures, orthodontic appliances).


text:
Diabetes Medication Therapy Adherence Clinic (DMTAC)
MOH CPD Category A8: 5 points
1 APRIL 2017
List of authors:
- Albert Ting Siong Hung
- Ching Min Wei
- Malathi a/p Sriraman @ Jayaraman
- Navin Kumar a/l Loganadan
This module consists of five chapters on diabetes mellitus, its managements and complications, for the management of a Diabetes Medication Therapy Adherence Clinic (DMTAC).
Chapter 1 discusses the prevalence of diabetes in Malaysia and the impact of reducing glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) on complications of diabetes. This chapter describes the DMTAC services and its protocol in Malaysia, including the forms used in documentation of this DMTAC.
Chapter 2 summarises the latest Clinical Practice Guidelines (CGP) 2015 for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This chapter includes algorithms for the management of T2DM in different conditions and the types of patients.
Chapter 3 covers the various classes of oral antidiabetes agents, including the mechanisms of action, formulations and dosages, methods of administration, adverse reactions and contraindications.
Chapter 4 describes the types of insulin available either in government or private health institutions in Malaysia. This guide is meant for all healthcare professionals especially pharmacists involve in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It covers insulin regimens, initiation, optimisation and intensification, which serves as a guide during the DMTAC sessions.
Chapter 5 includes the prevalence of diabetes and its classifications. The classifications of diabetes cover the pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, signs and symptoms, goals of treatment and complications. Complications of diabetes are described in details.
CONTENTS OF MODULE
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO DIABETES MEDICATION THERAPY ADHERENCE CLINIC (DMTAC)
1.1 STATUS OF DIABETES IN MALAYSIA IN THE PAST 20 YEARS
1.2 ADHERENCE STATUS OF DIABETES PATIENTS
1.3 IMPACT OF REDUCING HBA1C IN DIABETES COMPLICATIONS
1.4 WHAT IS MEDICATION THERAPY ADHERENCE CLINIC (MTAC)?
1.5 OBJECTIVES OF DIABETES MTAC (DMTAC)
1.6 BENEFIT OF PHARMACIST LEAD DIABETES CLINIC
1.7 DMTAC IN MALAYSIA
1.8 SCOPE OF DIABETES MTAC
1.9 PATIENT SELECTION
1.10 WORKFLOW OF DMTAC DURING FIRST VISIT
1.11 WORKFLOW OF DMTAC FOR SUBSEQUENT FOLLOW-UP VISITS
1.12 DMTAC FORMS AND TOOLS
1.13 DISCHARGE CRITERIA
1.14 SUCCESSFUL STORIES OF DMTAC IN MALAYSIA
CHAPTER 2: OVERVIEW OF CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES: MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (T2DM) 2015
2.1 SCREENING AND DIAGNOSIS OF T2DM
2.2 MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
2.3 MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES EMERGENCIES
2.4 MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC COMPLICATIONS
2.5 DIABETES IN SPECIAL POPULATIONS
2.6 PREVENTION OF T2DM
CHAPTER 3 : PHARMACOTHERAPY OF ORAL ANTIDIABETES AGENTS
3.1 CLASSES OF ORAL ANTIDIABETES AGENTS
- SULPHONYLUREAS (SUS)
- THIAZOLIDINEDIONES (TZDS)
- ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS (AGIS)
- DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE-4 (DPP-4) INHIBITORS
- SODIUM-GLUCOSE CO-TRANSPORTER- 2 (SGLT-2) INHIBITORS
3.2 NON-ORAL/NONINSULIN PHARMACOTHERAPY
- INCRETIN MIMETICS : GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) RECEPTOR AGONISTS
CHAPTER 4: INSULIN THERAPY IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
4.2 INSULIN PREPARATIONS
4.3 ANALOG INSULIN 4.4 INSULIN REGIMEN
4.5 INSULIN INITIATION, OPTIMISATION AND INTENSIFICATION
4.5.1 Insulin Initiation
4.6 INSULIN INTENSIFICATION
4.7 INSULIN SIDE EFFECT
4.8 GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR LONG TERM USE OF INSULIN
4.9 INSULIN PUMP
CHAPTER 5.0 DIABETES AND CO-MORBID DISEASES
5.2 CLASSIFICATIONS OF DIABETES
>>> Please LOGIN with your existing MPS username/password details to begin.


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How to run downhill (safely...and fast)
running downhill
Running downhill should feel relaxed and flowing (Image credit: Getty Images)
We have all seen the top runners seemingly plummet effortlessly from the top of a mountain or hill to the base in no time at all. But how do they achieve such speed and look so relaxed?
When most people try to run downhill it feel slows, laborious, painful, and fraught with danger of tripping or slipping. But if you take part in races with hills and mountains, or you simply want to become more efficient when out for a long off-road run, learning to run fast downhill will be a big benefit.
The easier you can run downhill, the less taxing you will find the overall outing. Here are our expert tips to help you to be able to run more efficiently and smoothly downhill.
How to run faster downhill
Running downhill is good for you
It might feel like downhill running is painful and bad for your knees (see: Trail running injuries), but if you do it properly it can have benefits. Running down a slope should activate and engage stabilising muscles in and around the knee, which in turn will help to strengthen them. Stronger knees means more powerful running.
As well as physical advantages, there is a huge sense of freedom and joy that comes with being able to run more easily downhill and at speed.
Lean forwards
Your natural instinct when running downhill is to lean back because you usually feel the need to slow down and put on a bit of a brake. However, leaning forwards is the best method for more efficient running downhill and it means you will not overly tire muscles.
Try to think hard about relaxing and learning forwards as you go. A good tip is to aim to align your shoulders in front of you with your knees and you run downhill.
Stride out
It can be tempting to shorten your stride when running downhill but longer strides are what the top athletes do. You will cover more ground more quickly and it's easier to lean forward when taking longer steps.
Legs should be bent and you should try to push yourself forwards, leading with your chest, with each step, rather than letting gravity alone pull you down the hill.
More technical and steeper slopes will require a shorter, more accurate step to avoid injury so keep the long strides for the gentler gradients. Also watch how the experts take side steps, too, to maintain momentum and balance.
Land on your midfoot
The best runners head downhill with almost flat feet. It's not a good idea to hit the ground with your forefoot or your heel. Hitting the middle of the fort gives the greatest balance and bounce and the best control.
run downhill
Runners benefit fom learning how to run downhill faster and more efficiently (Image credit: Getty Images )
More tips for running downhill on trails
Use your arms
To maintain balance and to aid the forward motion, use your arms like mini windmills by your side. The aim is to do small, rounded movements with your hands and arms.
Look ahead
It is tempting to look at your feet the whole time, but you should be looking ahead and at least 10 metres/30 feet in front of you. If you do this your brain will be able to more easily assess what is coming on the trail or the hillside.
If you look down close to your feet you will be more likely to slough and this is not good for downhill speed. Look up and ahead.
Empty your mind
It's fear and anxiety that will slow you down on descents. Trust your body's capabilities and your instincts and simply let your worries go.
The right footwear
Running downhlll, especially on tracks, trails and hill paths requires the right trail running footwear. For more on this, check out our best mud running shoes and best trail running shoes, and our guide on how to choose trail running shoes
With practice, the fine art of running downhill at speed should come to you.
Fiona Russell


green_grrl (green_grrl) wrote in fandom_grammar,
Answer: Abbreviated titles
When is it appropriate to abbreviate titles (Mr., Dr.) and when should they be written out in full?
First, please note that a title directly precedes the person's name. Other uses are merely descriptive nouns and should always be written out.
Incorrect: Somebody ran for a Dr.
Correct: Somebody ran for a doctor.
Correct: Somebody ran for Dr. Fraiser.
Incorrect: She had the kind of glare that said butt out, Mr.
Correct: She had the kind of glare that said butt out, mister.
Correct: She had the kind of glare that said butt out, Mr. Bregman.
Let's look at the rules for titles, with some more examples from Stargate SG-1. There are different rules for when to abbreviate the various categories of what we call titles:
 - Social titles: Mr., Mrs., Ms., Dr.
 - Civil and military titles: President, Senator, General, Colonel, etc.
 - Honorifics, or titles with "the": the Honorable, the Reverend
The Chicago Manual of Style is a standard American style guide for formal writing, such as papers and books. According to Chicago, when a civil or military title comes before a full name, it is usually abbreviated. An honorific may be as well.
Jack quickly scanned Kinsey's invitation list:
Rev. Samuel Stevens
Sen. Harry Clarkson
Sen. Alan Graysmith
Rep. Martha Hanley
Hon. David Thornton
When only a last name is given, a civil or military title should be spelled out. When used with "the," "Honorable" and "Reverend" should always be spelled out.
All Jack knew of the Right Reverend Samuel Stevens was that he was popular in conservative circles. His inclusion in a list of Senator Kinsey's band of corrupt insiders was going to need looking into.
Chicago also says that the following social titles are always abbreviated: Mr., Mrs., Messrs., Ms., M., MM. Mme, Mlle, Dr.
Another source of rules on titles comes from formal invitation etiquette, which says that when addressing invitations, all titles other than Mr., Mrs., or Ms. should be spelled out.
General Hammond passed out oversized envelopes of thick white linen paper to each addressee. Colonel Jack O'Neill, Doctor Daniel Jackson, Captain Samantha Carter, Mr. Teal'c. When Doctor Jackson turned over his envelope and saw Catherine Langford and Ernest Littlefield's names on the reverse, General Hammond couldn't help but smile along with him.
What about the second "Doctor Jackson" in the example above? Chicago says that "Dr." is always abbreviated, and this second use was in the narrative, not the invitation address. So why did I spell it out here? In short, fiction writing, narrative and dialogue, does not always adhere to the rules for non-fiction. The main aim of the writer is to pull the reader into the story. Ideals to strive for include:
 - Avoid making the reader trip over your writing. The more your writing meets the reader's expectations, the more easily the reader will get into your story and flow along with it.
 - Write dialogue that allows the reader "hear" your characters speak. By spelling out as much as possible, you signal to the reader exactly what the character is saying.
 - Write narrative appropriate to your point of view (POV). The tighter your narrative is to a particular character's POV, the closer your narrative style should be to dialogue.
In dialogue, if you spell out everything, you give your reader the characters' exact words.
Lieutenant Grogan led the British representative to the IOA into the conference room and introduced him to the base commander: "General George Hammond, sir."
Grogan is pronouncing "jen-er-al" George Hammond, not "jen" George Hammond, and the reader won't have to think twice about it with the title spelled out. This can also give you room to provide more "flavor" for your characters' speech.
"Leftenant Carl Grogan," Chapman mused to the general. "Good man. So far I'm impressed by your people."
An American reader might not remember to mentally read "Lt." with Chapman's British pronunciation. Spelling the title out phonetically (it's properly spelled lieutenant in American and British English despite pronunciation) reminds the reader of his accent.
However, keep in mind reader expectations.
General Hammond gestured to the chairs at the conference table. "I hope you had a good trip, Mister Chapman."
General Hammond gestured to the chairs at the conference table. "I hope you had a good trip, Mr. Chapman."
Because of convention, and the Chicago and invitation rules above, it is very rare to see "Mister" spelled out in written English. It's even more rare to see "Missus"—and "Ms." doesn't actually expand at all. Seeing "Mister Chapman" written out is likely to interrupt the reader's flow by being unusual, while "Mr. Chapman" is likely to be read and mentally translated to the sound "mis-ter" automatically. The reader expects the abbreviation.
When writing your story from a particular character's point of view, your narrative is meant to reflect that character's thoughts, which are somewhat like mental speech.
Jack was starting to realize how important Prof. David Jordan had been in Daniel's life.
Jack was starting to realize how important Professor David Jordan had been in Daniel's life.
Jack is not going to think of the man as "Prof." He would hear the man's full title in his mind, so the spelled out version in the narrative lets the reader more accurately "hear" Jack's thoughts.
If the POV of your story is more objective, or if you are quoting a section of written text—such as the invitation list, above, or a newspaper article—then you may want to revert to Chicago rules.
The title "Doctor" falls between Chicago and invitation rules. The abbreviation "Dr." is common enough—more common than "Capt." or "Prof."—that a reader will probably have no problem mentally translating it quickly. However the reader also is used to seeing the word "doctor" spelled out; it's not an unusual word that would trip up a reader. My personal preference is to spell it out in dialogue to maintain the sound of the character's speech. Whether I spell it out in the narrative depends upon the POV.
Spelling out all titles other than Mr., Mrs., or Ms. in dialogue and narrative is only a recommendation, but it has a logic that works for fiction writers. The only real rule is that once you've decided how you want to deal with titles, keep your style consistent throughout your story.
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text:
Dorado - interesting?
Also known as Mahi-Mahi or Dolphinfish, Dorado is a surface dwelling ray-finned fish found in temperate tropical and sub-tropical waters worldwide.
The Golden Dorado (differently) is a large river fish that lives in central and east-central South America.
Dorado is a constellation in the southern sky, labelled in the sixteenth century and now one of the 88 modern constellations. Its name refers to the Dolphinfish, which is known as Dorado in Spanish.
Dorado is notable for containing most of the Large Magellanic Cloud, the remainder being in the constellation Mensa.
Dorado is a small town on the northern coast of Puerto Rico, 24 Km west of San Juan. It is best known as a tourist destination with world class golf courses, hotels and beaches.
El Dorado is Spanish for "the golden one" and is a legend that began with the story of a South American tribal chief who covered himself with gold dust and would dive into a lake of pure mountain water.


text:
The intelligent bed, that automatically turns patients over to keep them from developing bedsores (Photo: Empa)
Decubitus ulcers, more commonly known as bedsores, are a common and potentially serious problem for bedridden hospital patients. Staff are often required to regularly turn patients over in their beds, as the sores are the result of too much prolonged pressure to the skin, caused by lying on one spot for too long. Turning those patients over (especially the larger ones) can be physically difficult work, however, plus some facilities won't always have enough staff on hand to do the turning as often as needed. Swiss entrepreneur Michael Sauter thought the situation needed addressing, so he invented a bed that turns the patients over itself.


text:
Definition of cheat sheet
1 : a sheet containing information (as test answers) used secretly for cheating
2 : a written or graphic aid (as a sheet of notes) that can be referred to for help in understanding or remembering something complex
First Known Use of cheat sheet
Seen and Heard
What made you want to look up cheat sheet? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).


Tuesday, October 31, 2006
Comparing and Merging two XML files
Comparing and Merging two XML files
The problem :
I have a xml file conversion program. It converts first.xml to target.xml. I have also written a program to convert target.xml to first.xml.
The problem is to preserve the changes made to target.xml. The user is allowed to edit the target.xml manually. For example he can add an element, modify attributes etc..
The file conversion from first.xml to target.xml is not a one-one conversion. There are scenarios like one element in first.xml is equivalent to 25 elements in the target. Further the first.xml does not capture all attributes and data needed to generate target.xml. So there are lot of values which are defaulted during initial conversion. Hence we need a round trip solution. The system should be able to import target.xml and export target.xml while preserving all changes made in target.xml
The current system
xslt is used to generate target.xml from a given first.xml. Conversion of target.xml to first.xml is again handled by xslt. Does not support round trip. ie current system looses most of the changes made manually. Other technologies used XMLBeans, JSF
The approach
Following are the list of feature needed
a) Export first.xml to target.xml
b) Import target.xml to first.xml
At a concept level the import solution can be modeled as follows
Retain the current convertion logic ( ie, extract as much as data needed for first.xml)
Generate a delta of changes.
Use the delta and merge it with the target.xml generated in export process
Activities planned
1) Identify appropriate Java based solutions
2) Evaluate each solution
3) Design the final solution
4) Implement the solution
Solutions evaluated
2) XMLBeans
4) XMLUnit
5) The "3DM" XML 3-way Merging and Differencing Tool
6) DOM
7) X-Diff
8) XML Diff and Merge Tool(Alpha works)
The initial though process is to generate the target.xml. Compare it with the one used during import. (instead of storing the delta store the whole document). Copy/overwrite/ignore the delta to the newly generated target.xml. Hence I started evaluating various options available to deeply compare the xml tree. Features needed are
a) Compare the whole document
b) Compare the elements selectively
c) Comprision has to be smart enough to ignore -- spaces, return characters, alteration of sequences, changes in positions of attributes etc..
1) XSLT --- very complex. There are couple of code fragments available out there. But I felt it was too complex to understand and maintain. Also xsl tends to be too lengthy.
2) XMLBeans -- There are two methods defined in XMLObject compareTo( Object) and compareValue(XMLObject).
public int compareTo(Object obj)
Impelements the Comparable interface by comparing two simple xml values based on their standard XML schema ordering. Throws a ClassCastException if no standard ordering applies, or if the two values are incomparable within a partial order.
public int compareValue(XmlObject obj)
This comparison method is similar to compareTo, but rather than throwing a ClassCastException when two values are incomparable, it returns the number 2. The result codes are -1 if this object is less than obj, 1 if this object is greater than obj, zero if the objects are equal, and 2 if the objects are incomparable.
There is also an implementation availble in XMLObjectBase.java. This method does not work. I downloaded the source code and trid to fix it. I was not going any where. One of the response from bea says that these methods can handle ony simple type( what ever it is) and need developers to code for handling schema based comparision.
The story with jaxb is almost the same as xml beans. The interfaces have compareTo(Object ). But there is no implementation.
4) XMLUnit
Comparing xml files is very easy in XMLUnit
Diff myDiff = new Diff(controlDocument, testDocument); XML Unit can identify similar, identical and also print all differences found with element name and attribute names. The limitation is the API is built around DOM ie, it works with org.w3c.dom.Document which represents the whole xml document. XML Unit does not support our B requrement
This project is still in alpha
6) DOM
DOM 3 has defined the behaviour for isEqualNode(). I tried the default parser in JDK 1.5 and also Xerces-J-bin.2.8.1. In either case it throws an exception saying DOM 3 implementation needed. Even Oracle parser has DOM 3 but i wonder if they have implemented isEqualNode(). The conclution is DOM 3 isEqualNode() is not yet there
7) X-Diff
No files released
8) XML Diff and Merge Tool(Alpha works)
This seems to be targeted to GUI applications. Not suitable for our requirements.
It seems comparing XML is still an under developed technology. This raises few more questions.
What happened to the do any thing and do in anywhere promise of XML. Or is this impression I got coz my exploration is limited to java world.
How does mature technologies like RDBMS handle this kind of requirements.
After-all RDBMS does handle these problems. The solution in RDBMS world are much simpler. It does not have deeply nested hierarchies. So these type of requirements are handled by manual coding. Probably we will not need sophisticated tools as in XML world.
After this exercise I had changed my approach. The new approach is use manual coding. I used XMLBeans as binding framework. Manipulate each element as java objects appropriately to handle the export and import functions.
Monday, October 30, 2006
Hello World
Hello world!
I have just started blogging, but there have been many attempts previously. Hope i will hold on to this longer :)


text:
Nano copper is a new type of copper that is at least 80 times smaller than traditional copper particles. It is so small that it can be used in various agricultural products and applications. For example, Nano copper can increase crop yields, improve plant health, and control pests and diseases. Nano copper is also more efficient in using water and nutrients, which can help to conserve resources and reduce environmental impact.
What is Nano Copper?
Nano copper is a new agricultural technology that uses nanotechnology to improve crop yields. Nano copper particles are incredibly small, and when applied to crops, they can help plants to absorb more nutrients and water. This can lead to increased crop yields and also help to reduce the number of chemicals and pesticides that farmers need to use. Nano copper is still in the early stages of development, but it has the potential to revolutionize agriculture. If nanoparticles can be used to improve plant growth and yield, they could hugely impact food production worldwide. In addition, it could help feed more people with less land and reduce the environmental impact of farming.
How does Nano Copper work?
- Nano copper is a new type of agricultural technology that promises to revolutionize how we grow crops. This new technology utilizes extremely small particles of copper to create a more efficient and effective way to deliver nutrients and water to plants. Nano copper is already being used in several commercial applications, and its potential for agriculture is immense.
- One of the key benefits of nano copper is its ability to improve plant uptake of essential nutrients. Copper is essential for plant growth, but it is often difficult for plants to absorb enough copper from the soil. Nano copper particles can bypass this barrier and improve plant uptake of copper by up to 30%. This means that plants can get the nutrients they need without relying on excessive fertilizer.
- Nano copper also has the potential to improve water use efficiency in crops. Because nano copper particles are so small, they can coat the leaves of plants and create a micro-climate around the plant that helps retain water vapor. This can reduce water loss from evaporation by up to 70%, which can be a critical advantage in drought conditions.
- In addition to improving nutrient uptake and water use efficiency, nano copper can protect plants from disease and pests. Copper is a natural fungicide and insecticide, and when delivered in nanoparticle form, it can be even more effective at protecting plants from harm. Nano copper has already been shown to be effective at controlling fungal diseases.
In case you missed it: Benefits of Amino Acid Fertilizer for Agriculture
Benefits of Nano Copper
- Nano copper is a new technology that has the potential to revolutionize agriculture and help meet the demands of a growing population.
- Nano copper is a form of copper that has been broken down into nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are so small that they can penetrate plant cells and kill bacteria and fungi. Nano copper is already used in agriculture as an alternative to chemical pesticides and fungicides.
- Nano copper is more effective than traditional pesticides and fungicides because it can target specific pathogens without harming beneficial microbes. Nano copper also remains in the soil for longer periods, meaning crops can be protected from pests and diseases for longer periods.
- In addition to protecting crops from pests and diseases, nano copper can also improve plant growth and yield. Nano copper has been shown to increase the uptake of nutrients, improve photosynthesis, and increase water retention in plants. These effects have led to increased yields of up to 30%. With the world's population expected to continue growing, the need for foods such as grains, fruits, and vegetables will only increase. Nano copper could play a key role in meeting this demand by increasing crop yields using fewer inputs.
Future of Nano Copper
- The future of nano copper is looking very bright. Nano copper is still in its early stages of development, but there are already many applications for this promising new material.
- One of the most exciting applications for nano copper is in the area of crop yield enhancement. Studies have shown that nano copper can help plants absorb nutrients more effectively, resulting in higher yields. This could be a major game-changer for farmers worldwide, always looking for ways to increase their yields.
- Nano copper can also be used to create more durable and resistant crops. For example, farmers can create crops that can withstand pests, diseases, and extreme weather conditions by coating seeds with nano copper. This could lead to fewer crop failures and higher overall yields.
- In addition to enhancing crop yields and creating more resilient crops, nano copper can also create smarter irrigation systems. For example, Nano copper sensors can monitor soil moisture levels, making it easier for farmers to determine when and how much water their plants need. This could save huge amounts of water, a valuable resource in agriculture. The possibilities for nano copper are nearly endless, and it's clear that this technology has the potential to transform the agricultural industry.
Nano Copper applications in agriculture
Nano copper has various applications in agriculture, from crop protection to soil improvement. For example, Nano copper can be used as a pesticide, as it is effective against many fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Nano copper also has plant growth-promoting properties, which makes it an ideal additive for fertilizers and irrigation water. In addition to its agricultural applications, nano copper is also being investigated for use in food processing and packaging, as it can extend the shelf life of food products.
Nano copper is a new type of copper that is very small, typically around 1-100 nanometers. This makes it unique compared to other forms of copper, allowing it to be used in many different ways. One way that nano copper is being used is in agriculture. There are many applications for nano copper in agriculture, and the list below outlines some of the most promising uses.
- Pest Control: Nano copper can be used as an effective pest control agent. It can help keep pests away and reduce crop damage when applied to crops.
- Disease Control: Nano copper can also be used to control diseases in plants. When used as a spray or mist, it can help to kill bacteria and viruses that cause diseases.
- Fertilizer: Nano copper can be added to fertilizers to improve their effectiveness. The small size of nano copper particles means that they can easily be taken up by plants, helping them to grow better and faster.
- Soil Remediation: Nano copper can also clean up contaminated soils. It has been shown to effectively remove heavy metals and other pollutants from soils, making them safer for plants and animals.
- Water Treatment: Nano copper can purify water supplies. When added to water, it can help remove impurities such as bacteria and viruses.
In case you missed it: Benefits Of Diatomaceous Earth in Agriculture
Nano Copper in agriculture technology
- Nano copper has been shown to improve plant growth and development. It can increase the uptake of nutrients, improve photosynthesis, and increase the overall health of plants. Nano copper is also effective in controlling plant diseases and pests. In addition, nano copper can help increase crops' yield and improve the quality of fruits and vegetables.
- Copper is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development. However, due to its low concentration in soil, plants often suffer from copper deficiency. This can lead to several problems, including stunted growth, poor yields, and reduced resistance to disease.
- Nano copper is a new type of copper that is much more concentrated than traditional copper products. This makes it ideal for use in agriculture, as it can help to correct deficiencies and improve crop yields. Nano copper is also more resistant to leaching than traditional copper products, meaning that it will remain in the soil for longer and be available to plants for longer.
- There are several ways in which nano copper can be used in agriculture. For example, it can be applied directly to the soil or added to irrigation water. It can also be used as a foliar spray or added to seed coats before planting.
- Nano copper is already being used by farmers in many parts of the world, and the results are very promising. For example, farmers have reported increased crop yields of up to 30% in China after using nano copper products. One study found that nano copper increased rice yields by 21% in India. And in the United States, farmers using nano copper have seen increases in yield of up 53%.
The potential for nano copper in agriculture is great. It is still early, and more research is needed to unlock its potential, but the future looks promising. This technology has the potential to help farmers increase yields, improve crop quality, and reduce pesticide use.


text:
Two years ago Providence followed a national trend and became one of the first urban areas in Rhode Island to legalize raising small backyard chicken flocks. Residents for the first time were able to raise up to six chickens and have the benefit of eating fresh eggs. Recently, Cranston's Mayor Allan Fung vetoed an ordinance similar to Providence's that would allow residents to raise small backyard flocks, posing the question: should backyard chickens be legal in urban areas? What are the benefits and concerns about backyard chickens?
There are several good reasons why you should look into raising your very own backyard chickens.
- Eggs from backyard chickens are healthier.
- Eggs from backyard chickens are tastier.
- Chickens are natural defenders against insects: they will protect your yards!
- You know where you're getting your eggs from!
- Chicken compost (high in nitrogen) is awesome for your yard and garden!
- Children can learn the responsibility of raising chickens
- They're fun to raise, learn about and even watch in the yard!
With these reasons and more, there is enough evidence to see why many urban areas are hopping on the trend of making it legal to raise backyard chickens. Now on to the concerns of raising chickens not only in urban areas but in general.
- Noise (If you have a rooster you know how this feels.)
- Damage to soil or garden
These can be pretty big concerns, and I didn't even list why Cranston vetoed the ordinance. Cranston has had a rat problem over the last couple of years, and many residents are concerned that with more backyard chickens, the bigger the rat population could get. Three major factors found that residents and the mayor thought would be deal-breakers were: rats, noise and property values.
Noise is an obvious complaint of neighborhoods and this would only happen if owners raise roosters. The last argument is property values of homes and whether or not it deters buyers from owning a home next to one that raises chickens. Warren and Barrington both passed ordinances recently allowing owners to raise chickens. Many other house markets in Rhode Island allow the ownership of chickens. As stated in the Providence Business Journal, "The fact that chickens are legal in many of the state's hottest property markets would seem to point to flocks now being considered desirable by potential buyers."
So what do you think? Should they be legal? Please comment and let us know what you think of the issue!


text: We investigate hydrogen isotope and nuclear quantum effects on geometries and binding energies of small protonated rare gas clusters (Rg X, Rg = He,Ne,Ar, X = H,D,T, and = 1–3) with the any particle molecular orbital (APMO) MP2 level of theory (APMO/MP2). To gain insight on the impact of nuclear quantum effects on the different interactions present in the Rg X systems, we propose an APMO/MP2 energy decomposition analysis scheme. For RgH ions, isotopic substitution leads to an increase in the stability of the complex, because polarization and charge transfer contributions increase with the mass of the hydrogen. In the case of Rg H complexes, isotopic substitution results in a shortening and weakening of the rare gas-hydrogen ion bond. For Rg X complexes, the isotope effects on the rare gas binding energy are almost negligible. Nevertheless, our results reveal that subtle changes in the charge distribution of the Rg X core induced by an isotopic substitution have an impact on the geometry of the Rg X complex. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Question: The water does not get hot
Reason: Can select temperature by pressing the "Temp." button.
Solution: Press the "Temp." button to select heating temperature(-(no heat),30,40,50,60,90 ℃). The maximum allowable heating temperature varies with programs (HW70-I1286/HW80-I1486 for example).
1.Temperature may be difference for Different models.
2.Some program no heating function(HW70-I1286/HW80-I1486 for example).
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Pre-mortem exercise
Identify the worst case scenarios earlier on to prevent future headaches
The context
Pre-mortem exercise offers a way to reflect on a project that just finished, discuss what went well and what didn't, and identify learnings for the future. What if the exercise was done before, to anticipate and discuss potential issues earlier on?
Co-design session - Educational Farms project with Regione Lombardia
Suggested approach
Pre-mortem exercise can be used to run a session with the core team of stakeholders at the beginning of a project, ideally during the initial kick-off meeting. The goal of the activity is to project the participants at the end of the project and collaboratively try to answer a simple question: "what went wrong?" by imagining to write the project epitaph.
Value added
Identify possible obstacles and problems at the beginning of the project is a way to avoid or reduce potential catastrophes. The playful approach of the epitaph gives the opportunity to voice unspoken risks and concerns; force the participants to use the past tense to refer to the project helps creating a distance that allows to more easily raise hidden worries.
Thinking ahead
A second step of the session could focus on ideas and recommendations to try to avoid the identified risks, creating a sort of manifesto for the project work that can accompany the team throughout the whole journey.
Explore similar best-practices


SCRINC
Syntax SCRINC [(#ch)]
Location Fn
The screen width is not fixed on QDOS computers, QL Emulators and future hardware expansions (graphic cards) offer different screen modes with different resolutions. The function SCRINC returns the screen width relating to the screen upon which the given channel (default #0) is located. The width is returned as the number of bytes needed to store a line of pixels.
The standard QL mode 4 and mode 8 always return 128 = 512/4.
However, it is not always true that the number of bytes required to store a line of pixels is equal to the number of pixels DIV 4 and you should therefore use this function or similar.
Example
See the second listing at the second example for SCRBASE.
CROSS-REFERENCE
SCREEN returns the start address of the screen. See also SCR_LLEN


Why was clemency trending last week?
shaped charge
noun, Military
a warhead having a concave, hollow end and operating on the Munroe effect. Unabridged
Cite This Source
Examples from the web for shaped charge
 - First, a specially shaped charge of chemical explosives surrounding a plutonium pit goes off.
 - shaped charge jet penetration into nitromethane in support of several experimental series.
Word of the Day
Difficulty index for shaped charge
Few English speakers likely know this word
Word Value for shaped
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Pattern Pattern Pattern
Showing 1 entry for tag: Mount Erymanthos
Pattern Pattern Pattern
Robert (Bob) Blaisdell, Althea (Thea) Kliros
Hercules narrates his story, beginning with his birth as the mortal son of a god. He talks of how he was child prodigy in warfare, but failed at learning music. After killing the teacher that belittles him about failing at music, Hercules goes out into the world to learn what he can. After Hera challenges Zeus to prove Hercules is worthy of being immortal, Hercules jumps at the opportunity and completes twelve labours. (...)
YEAR: 1997
COUNTRY: United States of America


text:
Intro: Styrofoam Plate Speaker
This instructable will teach you how to make a speaker out of a styrofoam plate!!! This speaker can play an audible sound.
Step 1: Gather Materials
Materials you will need for this project:
Piece of paper
Tape (any type)
30-32 gauge wire
Neodymium magnets (at least 6)
Hot Glue Gun
2 Alligator clips
Piece of cardboard that is bigger than the styrofoam plate
Headphone wire with plug to connect to playing device
Step 2: Cut Paper
Use scissors to cut piece of paper to a height that is higher than the magnets.
Step 3: Wrap Magnet With Paper
After cutting paper, roll it around magnet and secure it with piece of tape.
Step 4: Glue Paper to Center of Plate
On the back of the plate, glue the piece of paper to the center using hot glue gun.
Step 5: Begin Wrapping Wire Around Paper
Using 30-32 gauge wire, wrap it around the piece of paper glued to the plate. Continue wrapping it until the majority of the piece of rolled paper is covered in wire. Once wrapped, cut the wire and secure it with piece of tape.
It helps to start wrapping the wire from the bottom and go up.
Step 6: Sand Ends of Wire
Considering the wire is painted, you need to sand the end of the wire down until the ends are copper. With the paint on the charge will not connect.
(You might have to repeat this step for the headphone wire)
Step 7: Connect Alligator Clips to Wire
Connect an alligator clip to both ends of wire and attach the other end of the alligator clips to the plug-in wire ends.
Step 8: Place Magnet on Cardboard
Place the magnet in the middle of the piece of cardboard. Feel free to glue it down to the cardboard.
Step 9: Connect Plate to Magnet
Put the magnet inside of the wired piece of paper so everything is attached.
Step 10: Secure Plate to Cardboard
Tape the paper plate to the cardboard so it is more balanced.


text:
What does the name Diesel mean? The meaning of the name Diesel is Diminutive Form Of Matthias Or Dietrich. The origin of the name Diesel is German. This is the culture in which the name originated, or in the case of a word, the language.
People who like the name Diesel also like: Axel
, Wyatt Aria
Name Notes: Name of the oil, from surname of engineer Rudolf Diesel.


text: A real-time nonlinear model predictive controller is presented for point-absorbing wave energy converter (PA-WEC) to maintain the optimal wave energy extraction by tracking the reference PA-WEC velocity. In order to reduce computational cost, the predictive controller is designed using wave condition preview and the Taylor series expansion based nonlinear optimization to determine the q-axis current control signals while the constraints on both the device velocity and q-axis current are respected. The dynamics of the PA-WEC is modeled and details of the nonlinear model predictive controller are presented. A pragmatic method is proposed to obtain the optimal reference PA-WEC velocity by observing the time instants when the excitation force passes a threshold. A long short-term memory recurrent neural network (LSTM-RNN) identifier is designed to identify the wave condition term for implementing the controller. The overall stability of the closed control system including the predictive control and the LSTM-RNN identifier is proved. The proposed nonlinear predictive controller is validated under realistic wave conditions. The results indicate that the proposed control allows higher PA-WEC power production than the conventional control under representative irregular wave conditions.


text:
There are two types of repeating tasks.
These tasks repeat every time, whether you complete them or not.
For example, Bob wants to be reminded to pay the rent (on his waterfront apartment, which costs far too much, but the view is great!). So, he adds a task and sets it to repeat 'Every Week'.
Examples of ways you can repeat 'Every' are:
|Every Monday and Wednesday|
|Every 2 weeks|
|Every 6 months|
|Every month on the 4th|
|Every month on the 3rd Tuesday|
|Every month on the last Monday|
|Every month on the 2nd last Friday|
|Every week until 1/1/2007|
|Every week for 20 times|
These tasks only repeat after you've completed them. For example, you might enter a task to 'Clean the fridge'. After you've completed that task, you might want to be reminded 'After 3 months' that it's time to clean the fridge again.
Examples of ways you can repeat 'After' are:
|After 5 days|
|After a week|
|After 6 months|
|After a year|
Task properties behave a bit differently between tasks set to repeat 'Every...' and those set to repeat 'After...'.
Tasks that repeat 'Every' create a task series: task properties and notes are common across all instances of the task.
Tasks that repeat 'After' work a bit differently: these do not create a task series, but rather create a new, independent task each time a task is generated. Task properties are copied from the previous instance. Each 'after' task has its own properties and notes, and isn't tied to other tasks. Additionally, notes are not copied from previous instances.
Still need help? Contact a human


Take the 2-minute tour ×
It has always been my understanding that the word for England is イギリス. But the wikipedia page for English-American says イングランド系アメリカ人. Even rikaichan has イングランド as England. Is there a difference in usage between these two words? What about 英国?
And as a side question, where does the word イギリス come from?
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 17 down vote accepted
イギリス is used to refer to the United Kingdom which consists of four main countries, England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. It is also sometimes referred to as 英国 which used more for official names (such as the Embassy). It can be seen alongside similar names such as 米国. The character also gets used in newspapers/convenient abbreviations (eg 日英同盟 is the expression often used to refer to the Anglo Japanese Naval Treaty).
イングランド refers to England. it is used as when referring to the country/institutions designated at that level such as the national football team.
The origin of the use of 英 (and ultimately イギリス）dates back to the name given to British people by Chinese. It was pronounced YING and used phonetically to replicate the Portuguese name of Ingles. (This character's meaning of "great" or "superior" and the name "Great Britain" is coincidence. For the record, Great Britain is the term used to refer to the largest island of "the British Isles" which is a geographical name for the islands occupied by the UK and the Republic of Ireland. "Great" is used in the same sense that people refer to "Greater China", to include Hong Kong and Taiwan, or Greater London.) This must date back more than 300 years, before the union of Scotland with England and Wales so the confusing (and for some, annoying) tendancy to refer Britain/the UK and its people as England/English goes back such a long way it would even seem to have been ingrained into Asian languages several hundred years ago.
share|improve this answer
My professor marked points off my essay when I used イングランド -_- – Ataraxia Oct 24 '12 at 13:12
I don't think there is anything wrong with イングランド if that is what you meant although most Japanese probably use イギリス to refer to both but say スコットランドif they want to highlight something such as, say, the birthplace of golf. or the location of Edinburgh. – Tim Oct 24 '12 at 13:54
While it may not be "wrong" to use 「イングランド」 to refer to "England", the truth is that among us native speakers, you would sound pretty snobbish to do so unless you are talking about international soccer. I cannot recommend that a Japanese-learner use the word everytime s/he wants to say "England". Believe it or not, many Japanese-speakers actually would not even be familiar with the word 「イングランド」. – l'électeur Jun 10 '14 at 1:10
Your Answer


Definitions for hoboˈhoʊ boʊ
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word hobo
Princeton's WordNet
 1. tramp, hobo, bum(noun)
 a disreputable vagrant
 1. hobo(Noun)
 A homeless, usually penniless person, in some way associated with a life along the rails.
 2. hobo(Noun)
 A migratory laborer
 3. hobo(Noun)
 A tramp, vagabond; hence bum
 4. hobo(Verb)
 To be a hobo, tramp, bum etc.
 Joe idly hoboed through half the country till he realized hoboing never gets you anywhere in life.
 5. Origin: a contraction of or English dialect hawbuck.
 1. Hobo
 A hobo is a migratory worker or homeless vagabond, especially one who is penniless. The term originated in the Western—probably Northwestern—United States during the last decade of the 19th century. Unlike "tramps", who work only when they are forced to, and "bums", who do not work at all, "hobos" are workers who wander.
Anagrams for hobo »
 1. boho, Boho
 2. Boho
 1. Chaldean Numerology
 The numerical value of hobo in Chaldean Numerology is: 3
 2. Pythagorean Numerology
 The numerical value of hobo in Pythagorean Numerology is: 4
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Translations for hobo
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text:
In the article SAP HANA Modeling Introduction
and SAP HANA Calculation View
we explained the basics of SAP HANA data modeling. We also learnt how to create modeling views in Build Your First SAP HANA Model in 10 Minutes
In this article we will explain what is Analytic privilege in HANA and how does it work.
What is Analytic Privileges?
Analytic privileges control access to SAP HANA data models.
Analytic privileges are used to grant different users access to different portions of data in the same view
depending on their business role.
It allows us to maintain row-level access
Why do we need Analytic Privilege?
SQL privileges implement authorization at object level only. Users either have access to an object, such as a table, view or procedure, or they do not.
While this is often sufficient, there are cases when access to data in an object depends on certain values or combinations of values. Analytic privileges are used in the SAP HANA database to provide such fine-grained control of which data individual users can see within the same view.
Suppose there is a calculation view which contains the sales data of all the regions like Asia, Europe and America.
The regional managers must have access to the calculation view to see the data. However, managers should only see the data for their region. The manager of America region should not be able to see data of other region.
In this case, an analytic privilege could be modeled so that they can all query the view, but only the data that each user is authorized to see is returned.
Important Facts about Analytic Privileges:
- Analytic privileges are intended to control read-only access to SAP HANA information models, that is
- Attribute views
- Analytic views
- Calculation views
- Analytic privileges do not apply to database tables or views modeled on row-store tables.
Create and Manage Analytic Privilege.
Here is the sequence of steps to achieve this
- Create Analytic Privilege and assign restriction for region "Asia".
- Assign the Analytic Privilege to User to restrict the data on HANA Views.
SAP HANA System Privileges Required to Create/Manage Analytic Privilege:
To create analytic privileges, the system privilege CREATE STRUCTURED PRIVILEGE is required.
To drop analytic privileges, the system privilege STRUCTUREDPRIVILEGE ADMIN is required.
In the SAP HANA modeler, repository objects are technically created by the technical user _SYS_REPO, which by default has the system privileges for both creating and dropping analytic privileges.
The database user requires the package privileges REPO.EDIT_NATIVE_OBJECTS and REPO.ACTIVATE_NATIVE_OBJECTS to activate and redeploy analytic privileges in the Modeler.
Steps to Create an Analytic Privilege:
We need to create the modeling view first which will be used in the Analytic Privilege.
Create a calculation view by following the article Create a calculation view in 10 minutes.
The output of the calculation view is
Let us see how we can restrict the output only for "Asia" region.
Right click on the package and select "Analytic Privilege"
Specify Name and label for the Analytic Privilege
Select the calculation view and click on Add button. Then click on "Finish".
Click on Add button as shown below and select the column REGION_NAME.
Now we need to assign the restriction. Click on the add button as shown below and select the value "Asia".
Save and activate the analytic privilege.
The analytic privilege is ready. Now we can assign this analytic privilege to any user.
Assign Analytic Privilege to a User:
: You must have authorization to create/assign privileges to a user.
Go to Security -> Users. Right click and create a new user. Specify user name and password.
Click on the "Analytic Privileges" tab and add the analytic privilege created in previous step.
You also need to assign following privileges required to get access to modeling views.
- Execute & Select access on _SYS_BI
- Execute & Select access on _SYS_BIC
- Execute on REPOSITORY_REST
Done!! We have created an analytic privilege and assign that to a user.
Now add the same HANA system using new user. Open the data preview of the same calculation view. It will show only the data for region "Asia".


text:
This petition was submitted during the 2017–2019 Conservative government
Petition Increase school transport funding for 16 to 18 year olds in full time education.
In 2015 changes to the Education and Skills Act 2008 made it compulsory for young people to continue in education, employment or training until the age of 18. Therefore, school transport funding to local authorities should be increased to include 16-18 year olds that remain in full-time education.
Currently the eligibility for free school transport ceases at age 16. This is because the old school leaving age was 16. Now that the school leaving age has effectively been increased to 18, the eligibility for free school transport should also be increased and should include any young person remaining in full-time education be it at a school or college. The justification for free school transport for 4-16 year olds also stands for 17 to 18 year olds.
This petition closed early because of a General Election Find out more on the Petitions Committee website


text:
Regenerating rural social space? Teacher education for rural-regional sustainability
Australian Council for Educational Research
Education and Arts
Education/Fogarty Learning Centre
The complex interconnection among issues affecting rural-regional sustainability requires an equally complex program of research to ensure the attraction and retention of high-quality teachers for rural children. The educational effects of the construction of the rural within a deficit discourse are highlighted. A concept of rural social space is modelled, bringing together social, economic and environmental dimensions of (rural-regional) sustainability. This framework combines quantitative definitional processes with more situated definitions of rural space based on demographic and other social data, across both geographic and cultural formations. The Implications of the model are examined in terms of its importance for teacher education.
This document is currently not available here.


Authentication of Documents
Requirements for Transportation of a Deceased Body
 1. Proof that the deceased person was a Kenyan e.g. Original Passport, Birth Certificate.
 2. Locally issued burial and/or transit permit.
 3. Certified copy of the Death Certificate.
 4. A letter from the local health authority certifying that the deceased did not die of contagious disease.
 5. A metal hermetically sealable casket is recommended.
 6. A letter from the Director of funeral home stating how the body was embalmed.
 7. Telephone number if available of Next of Kin or friends in Kenya.