Painting weka classes
Mainly to Ignacio (hola!), but perhaps others can make further suggestions.
In the Weka segmentation, the default brush size to define the classes samples is 1 pixel thick. I seem to remember that this was the only size supported when the plugin came out.
Has this been improved? Is there a way of painting the classes with a larger brush?
I am asking because it is painfullly slow and tedious to cover a large area that otherwise could be painted with a thicker brush and a few strokes. Or perhaps use polygons to define those areas?
Thanks!
Yes! You can use any of the available selection tools, including a thicker brush:
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In my experience, it is not necessary to cover large areas for training, and it might even slow down the process: to train a classifier, the features of the calculated feature stack are taken into account for each labeled pixel. Neighboring pixels often carry very similar information, and therefore adding pixels close to other already labeled pixels does not increase the quality of the classifier very much (and it blows up your data.arff file in case you want to save the labeled data).
It is often more helpful to only add very few more pixels in areas where the classifier doesn't perform so well yet (where the uncertainty of the classifier is high). By using freehand lines, you keep the sample size small but still make sure to include the pixels representative of their class.
That said, if you still like to label/select arbitrary areas, I can very much recommend using the selection brush tool. Double-click on the tool button to set the brush size, then draw on the image. For modifying the selection, start brushing outside the selection to remove pixels, or inside the selection to add pixels.
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Thanks for the prompt reply, guys, very happy to hear that it supports other selection tools and the selection brush tool is a good idea too (I keep forgetting about this!
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text:
Welcome to Cathedral SADD (Students Against Destructive Decisions)!
We are excited that you are interested in being part of our group.
This organization is open to all students in grades 9-12.
SADD has five goals:
1. To promote chemically free lifestyles
2. To help eliminate the drunk driver and save lives
3. To alert high school students to the dangers of using mood-altering
4. To conduct community alcohol/mood-altering chemical awareness
5. To organize peer counseling programs to help students who may have
concerns about alcohol/mood-altering chemicals
If you have questions about SADD, please contact Mr. Brown Email

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
DAY is the Domestic abuse Awareness for Youth programme.
It is a unique multimedia programme that uses short films, advertisements and chart
music to raise awareness and provide education about domestic abuse, in a relevant
and exciting way.
It challenges detrimental mindsets about domestic abuse, explores how beliefs inform behaviour, and looks at the role of the media in reinforcing unhealthy beliefs.
It is based on the Freedom Programme for women and is designed to be used with young people over the age of 14, although can be adapted for use with young people over 11 years.
DAY is very versatile and can be run in most settings with young people including:
- State Secondary/High Schools
- Private Schools
- Youth Offending Groups
- Pupil Referral Units
- Youth Groups
DAY was created by Be Free to meet the growing need to provide domestic abuse education and awareness for young people. DAY cannot be run without DAY training.
The DAY pack required to run DAY includes:
- Audio CD
- Data CD
- Session Plans
- Question and Answer Sheets
- Setting Up DAY Pack
- Session Leader Reflective Evaluations
- A ready made evaluation and report procedure, including pre and post programme questions and an Excel spreadsheet that calculates percentages and charts and makes reporting the benefit of the programme simple and easy

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
An innovative micromechanics-based three-dimensional long-term strength criterion for fracture assessment of rock materials
Journal article, Peer reviewed
MetadataShow full item record
Original versionFrattura ed Integrità Strutturale. 2018, 12 (44), 64-81. 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.44.06
Rocks may exhibit time-dependent behaviors. Long-term strength criterion significantly dominates creep failure of rocks. Rocks contain many microcracks, which lead to degrade of long-term strength. In this paper, it is assumed that there exist three-dimensional penny-shaped microcracks in rocks. The mode II stress intensity factors at tips of three-dimensional penny-shaped microcracks in Burgers viscoelastic rock matrix is derived. A novel micromechanics-based three-dimensional long-term strength criterion is established to consider the effects of time and the intermediate principal stress on creep failure of rocks. By comparison with the previous experimental data, it is found that the novel micromechanics-based three-dimensional long-term strength criterion is in good agreement with the experimental data.


text:
- How long can a fart smell last?
- How long will a fart stay in a jar?
- How do you fart silently?
- Where does a fart go when you hold it in?
- How fast is a fart in mph?
- Can you save a fart in a jar?
- Why do fart smells go away?
- What makes a fart loud or silent?
- Why do you fart before you poop?
- Can you light a fart on fire?
- Does a fart follow you?
- Can holding in a fart kill you?
- Can you freeze a fart?
- Can you breathe out a fart?
- Is it bad to hold in a poop?
How long can a fart smell last?
It's smell spreads quickly and similarly disappears also quickly.
It takes 10–15 seconds to get rid of it..
How long will a fart stay in a jar?
7-10 days7-10 days depending on temperature and nostril flow. This includes shipment time. 6) How long does the smell last once the jar is open? It lasts as long as any fart that's released out into the wild; it depends on how much air is circulating.
How do you fart silently?
To do so, sit up straight, press your ass, hard, to your seat, and bring your legs together. You want to aim the fart slightly in front of you so it won't escape out the back. Then, let it out slowly and quietly, and wait for the verdict.
Where does a fart go when you hold it in?
Trying to hold it in leads to a build up of pressure and major discomfort. A build up of intestinal gas can trigger abdominal distension, with some gas reabsorbed into the circulation and exhaled in your breath. Holding on too long means the build up of intestinal gas will eventually escape via an uncontrollable fart.
How fast is a fart in mph?
about 7 miles per hourHow fast does a fart travel? About 10 feet per second, which works out to about 7 miles per hour.
Can you save a fart in a jar?
"They figured an equally foul vapor, like a fart, could combat the disease, so they suggested patients store their farts in a jar. This way, when the plague appeared in their neighborhood, they could open the jar and inhale the fumes to ward off the bad vapors that came with the disease. It made sense to them."
Why do fart smells go away?
The gas particles diffuse (spread out) from the source. This diffusion makes the gas less condensed, and results in the strength of the smell of the gas to fade.
What makes a fart loud or silent?
The volume of gas released and the tightness of the sphincter muscles (located at the end of the rectum) each play a part in the sound effects. The larger the build-up of gas and the tighter the sphincter muscles are, the louder the emission.
Why do you fart before you poop?
A buildup of gas-producing foods and swallowed air during the day may make you more flatulent in the evening. Also, you're more likely to fart when the muscles in the intestines are stimulated. When you're about to have a bowel movement, for example, those muscles are moving stool to the rectum.
Can you light a fart on fire?
Of those fart components, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and methane can all be set on fire. … To some extent, you can actually tell what's in a fart by the flame's color. The flame from a fart where hydrogen is the primary fuel will burn yellow or orange, while an atypically high methane content will turn the flame blue.
Does a fart follow you?
Wet farts seem to stick. The dry components will tag along behind you because when you move you create a small vortex that sucks those smell modules along in your wake.
Can holding in a fart kill you?
Can you die from holding in a fart? There is no evidence that holding in a fart could kill you, though the pain and discomfort doing so causes can be severe.
Can you freeze a fart?
Yes. Yes you can. A fart is made of different gases, which all freeze at different temps. If you were to place your fart in an air tight box (that isnt your anus, HA) the gases would freeze at different times as the box cooled; however, there are so few molecules of any gas in fart relative to the volume it takes up.
Can you breathe out a fart?
Yes, that means you're essentially exhaling a fart right out of your mouth. … In one, that air will exit your body through a totally uncontrollable fart. And in the other, the gas will be reabsorbed through your gut and recirculated until it's expelled from your lungs via your breath.
Is it bad to hold in a poop?
Although holding in poop on occasion is not harmful, people who have a habit of doing this may develop constipation or more severe complications. People who hold in their poop too often may start to lose the urge to poop, which may result in fecal incontinence. Other people may experience constipation.


text:
The definition of a stickler is someone who adheres tightly to a set of rules or principles.(adjective)
A teacher who gives you detention if you are even a minute late is an example of someone who is a stickler for tardiness.
See stickler in Webster's New World College Dictionary
Origin: see stickle
See stickler in American Heritage Dictionary 4
Learn more about stickler


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NOD
The New-Onset Diabetes (NOD) cohort is jointly funded by NCI and NIDDK and is part of the Consortium for the study of Chronic Pancreatitis, Diabetes, and Pancreatic Cancer (CPDPC). The CPDPC sub-contracted NOD coordination to the EDRN-DMCC. The goals of NOD are to prospectively assemble a cohort of subjects >50 and <85 years of age with New-Onset Diabetes (NOD), called the NOD Cohort, in order to:
 - Estimate the probability of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in the NOD Cohort,
 - Establish a biobank of clinically annotated biospecimens including a reference set of biospecimens from pre-symptomatic PDAC and control new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) subjects,
 - Facilitate validation of emerging tests for identifying NOD subjects at high risk for having PDAC using the reference set, and
 - Provide a platform for development of an interventional protocol for early detection of sporadic PDAC NOD subjects.


text:
Half Day Beginners Bird Safari - Cuckmere Haven Migration (16/04/2019) Tuesday, 16th April 2019 9:30 AM - 1:07 PM
These special half day bird safaris are aimed at giving beginners an introduction to the bird life of Sussex in a variety of habitats.
River valleys, such as Cuckmere Haven can be important sites for migrating birds – chanelling our migrating birds into England while also providing a crucial refuelling station for hungry migrants. We'll be scanning the wet meadows, exposed mud, trees and bushes to try and spot some of these birds as they return to the UK.
No previous knowledge needed, just a general interest in birds.
Seven Sisters Country Park is situated at Exceat, near Seaford, East Sussex, BN25 4AD.
(c) Amy Lewis - Juvenile Linnet

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Email: _EMAIL_
Contact No. : _PHONE_ (India)
60123250147 (Malaysia)
Start Your Career with STEM Based Robotics (In 6/12 Weeks Internship)
OPERATING SPEAKER
In this project we are going to show how to power a speaker.Connection is shown in the following images.
Working :
When positive terminal of battery is connected to positive terminal of speaker and to complete the Circuit the negative terminal of Battery is connected to negative terminal of speaker, the speaker starts ringing as soon as closed path is provided. Current flows in a closed path from higher terminal(+ve) to lower terminal(-ve). Metals are good conductors of electric current.
Step : 1
Take Speaker 2 Connecting wires and Battery
Step : 2
Connect the positive terminal of Speaker with positive terminal of speaker
Step : 3
Connect the negative terminal of Speaker with negative terminal of speaker. Your Speaker will start ringing


text:
What does breathability mean in a mattress?
Does it count to consider the breathability feature in a mattress?
If these are your question, let us first start with what breathability means. It is the feature that determines how well the air is circulated through the fabric. Therefore, if the mattress is breathable, it will remain cool and satisfying even when sleeping for long hours during hot sunny days. In short, breathability directly impacts your experience regarding health, comfort, and performance as a whole.
In addition, it also controls how many years the mattress will be able to serve you by mitigating wear and tear due to moisture and heat. As a result, enhancing the product's durability and reducing the mattresses vulnerability to an environmental factor.
Check Out: Ways You Can Make Your Mattress Last Longer
How Long Does a Mattress Last in generally?
If the breathability property is top-notch, nothing can hold it back to serve you for at least 7-10 years. However, speaking health and hygiene wise one should replace their mattress every 6 to 8 years.
The life of your mattress will also depend on other factors like how much weight it is carrying, how often you nap on it, the type of mattress you have chosen to install, etc.
Factors Influencing Mattress Lifespan
Like we have discussed, numerous factors determine the lifespan of your mattress. However, to follow a general thumb rule, watch out for the following factors:
The material of which the mattress is made has a substantial impact on how long a mattress last. For example, high-density polyfoam material last longer compared to low-density polyfoam.
2. Mattress Type
- How Long Does A Spring Mattress Last?
The average lifespan of the innerspring mattress is 5 to 6 years. As you shop for the particular mattress, you will find most of them contains pocketed coil allowing all the other coil to work independently. However, mattresses containing traditional coil system works together and counteracts each other's motion. Thus, to determine the durability, there are few points to consider:
- Coil gauge: Mattress containing coil gauge of fourteen or higher are firm while those below are soft. You will be tempted to buy the softer ones, but since they are thin, they have less durability.
- Pillow top: Also, look for pillow top features when determining durability. They add softness to the higher coil gauge.
- Mattress topper: If you purchase a quality mattress topper, it reduces the direct compression, increasing the mattress's lifespan.
- How Long Does A Foam Mattress Last?
A foam mattress usually lasts longer than eight years. However, it may vary depending on the foam it is made of:
- Polyurethane: It is the least expensive mattress you will find; however often compromises on durability. So, before buying, check the density it offers. The higher will be the density, the longer it will last.
- Reflex foam: Their durability is generally higher than the standard foam but is careful of their specification and sagging period.
- Convoluted: Convoluted foam is not well in durability. Though they provide the best kind of support, they are generally short-lived.
- How Long Does A Memory Foam Mattress Last?
The durability of memory foam mattresses is considerably high (6-7 years). However, the body weight you intend to apply and the product's density must be in accordance. If thinking of putting heavy pressure, the density should not be less than five lbs/ft3.
- How Long Does A Latex Mattress Last?
When considering a latex mattress, it lasts for 7 to 8 years. However, it will mainly depend on the blend the product has used in its mattress:
- Natural or synthetic: The product is made from two material types natural and synthetic. Generally, natural are more durable and give higher performance than synthetic ones.
- Replaceable layers: The comfortable layer is added to the mattress to install features like heat transfer, motion isolation, and bounciness. However, it slightly impacts the durability of the product by degrading its quality.
- How Long Does A Coir Mattress Last?
You can expect a coir mattress to last up to 3 to 5 years, after which they tend to sag and disorient. The main reason for this is that it is made from 100% natural coconut fibre, which often becomes vulnerable to environmental factors.
- How Long Does A Hybrid Mattress Last?
Since hybrid mattress is the combination of two or more mattresses, you will have to access the following points to access its durability:
- Density: As said earlier, it is a significant factor determining the product's durability, so it should be enough to carry an average person's weight and higher.
- Warranty: Another way to understand the product's durability is by looking at its warranty period. It should not be less than ten years.
3. Sagging Potential
It is general for the mattress to sag up, especially in areas where you place the heaviest part of your body, like hips and shoulders. This further leads to body pain and dis-alignment if the mattress is not replaced.
Check Out: How To Fix A Saggy Mattress?
4. Body Impressions Potential
Body impressions are a common factor influencing mattress durability. Because of this factor, you can see a semi-permanent print of your body on the mattress generally caused by sleeping in one position.
5. Premature softening potential
Every mattress softens after few regular uses. It is not a problem until it is normal softening. However, when it turns excessively soft, it sags up and affects the comfort and pressure-releasing ability of the bed.
6. Mechanical malfunction potential
This issue is mainly seen in smart beds, airbeds and other mattresses. When this factor gets affected, it impacts manual and remote control, air pumps and outlet connectivity.
7. Mattress Care
Like anything, when you take care of the mattress, it is expected to last longer. One way of increasing longevity is flipping the mattress every six months, given it is two-sided.
8. Mattress Warranty
Warranty offered by companies protect your mattress from early deterioration and saves you from incurring heavy maintenance charges. A standard warranty period extends to 10 years but always try to look for more for better durability.
When to replace a mattress?
Few signs that show it is time to replace your beloved mattress are:
- Other's bed whether at a hotel or a friend's home, seem more comfortable to you
- There is a sense of irritability or achiness when sleeping on your mattress
- Your mattress has gone some sagging and indentations
- The mattress has served you longer than 6-8 years
After gaining the above knowledge, it will be easy to determine the best mattress for yourself. Also, it will save you from developing any pain or disease from sleeping on a bad mattress. However, remember to change it after every six years for best performance.


text: To facilitate the applicability of phase shifting digital shearography for dynamic deformation measurement, a digital shearography measurement system that is capable to capture the two phase-shifted interferometric images instantaneously is developed. The new polarization phase-shifting interferometric system is verified by using Jones matrices. A composite optics designed allows the two phase-shifted images to be captured by one CCD simultaneously. By taking two images before and two images after the deformation, the four images were adjusted to the same gray level, and the pixel position mismatch among the images was corrected by digital image correlation method. Thereafter, the phase at each pixel was calculated. Test of the system on a force exerted disk and a heated disk was demonstrated. The results reveal that the system is applicable for dynamic measurement. However, the phase map is too noisy for phase unwraping, and further study is required.


text:
From the 2 April 1999 pages of Science Magazine
COPENHAGEN--A bitter row has broken out at the University of Copenhagen, which has been forced to cut its scientific staff to close a yawning budget gap. The university science department decided in January that, instead of assessing who were its least productive researchers and firing them, it would simply not fill any junior tenured positions that became vacant--in effect blocking the career path of young tenure-track researchers. As the consequences of that policy have begun to bite, aspiring young scientists say they now have little prospect of advancement and a whole generation of young researchers will either have to leave academic science or pursue a career abroad. "There is an atmosphere of hopelessness among students and postdocs whose possibilities for embarking on an academic career at the university now seem extremely limited," says plant molecular biologist Lars Østergaard, a postdoctoral fellow.
The crisis was precipitated late last year when the Danish government cut overall funding to Denmark's five universities. The science department at Copenhagen--the country's largest--was hit especially hard because it was already running a budget deficit. Forced to cut 15% of the tenured science positions--which translates into 70 people--the administration eliminated about 12 posts by offering early retirement to older faculty members and will cut the rest over time by not filling junior positions. "[It's] outrageous to prevent the necessary staff renewal and infusion of new ideas by forcing out young, talented, tenure-track scientists," says molecular biologist Olaf Nielsen, an associate professor.
The new policy is likely to exacerbate a simmering age problem in Danish universities. During the 1960s and '70s, the university system expanded rapidly and a large number of tenured positions were created. That generation of scientists is now approaching retirement age. "There will be an acute need for replacements when 30% to 40% of the currently tenured staff retire in 5 to 10 years," says associate professor of zoology Peter Arctander. "But because of what is happening now, there will be a lack of qualified young scientists."
Dean of science Henrik Jeppesen defends the policy. Although "it is sad that a number of young researchers have to leave," he says, "it would have created a very bad atmosphere to fire faculty members who have worked here for many years." This view is supported by university president Kjeld Møllgaard, who says it would be "an unfair personnel policy to simply get rid of the least productive as if it were a horse race." Jeppesen and Møllgaard both acknowledge, however, that the reaction of Denmark's powerful unions was a consideration. Per Clausen, president of the academics' union, the Magisterforeningen, says: "In principle we regard the science department's handling of the situation as the only proper response, but at the same time it is clear that blocking staff renewal will badly hurt the university and its research."
Indeed, research is already hurting. Several research groups have been reduced to the point that ongoing projects have effectively come to a halt. For example, one group in the department of genetics investigating the silencing of chromatin has been shut down after 4 years of successful work because the tenure of its leading assistant professor has been canceled. Science teaching will also be seriously hit, because courses are largely taught by assistant professors and junior associate professors. Leif Søndergaard, an associate professor of genetics, says that "because of the cuts, many courses will no longer be offered every year and others will be generating waiting lists."
Young researchers are now beginning to make their voices heard. Østergaard has sent a highly critical letter, signed by 90% of the graduate students and postdocs in the department of molecular biology, to the Copenhagen University Journal. Among other things Østergaard describes a widespread feeling that "the university is shooting itself in the foot by not identifying and getting rid of those researchers whose scientific contribution is minimal."
Lone Frank is a writer in Copenhagen, Denmark.


Create an ErP product or system label
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Download an efficiency label for individual heating appliances.
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Download an efficiency label and fiche when combining multiple products – including controls and/or solar.
What is a fiche?
A fiche is a technical datasheet that calculates and records an overall system efficiency percentage and band. All product installation manuals provide ErP efficiency technical data. It's this technical data that, when combined, builds the overall system efficiency percentage. Our tool automatically populates the fiche and generates a label.


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CAT API
You can get essential statistics about your cluster in an easy-to-understand, tabular format using the compact and aligned text (CAT) API. The CAT API is a human-readable interface that returns plain text instead of traditional JSON.
Using the CAT API, you can answer questions like which node is the elected master, what state is the cluster in, how many documents are in each index, and so on.
Example
To see the available operations in the CAT API, use the following command:
GET _cat
Optional query parameters
You can use the following query parameters with any CAT API to filter your results.
Parameter Description
v Provides verbose output by adding headers to the columns. It also adds some formatting to help align each of the columns together. All examples in this section include the v parameter.
help Lists the default and other available headers for a given operation.
h Limits the output to specific headers.
format Returns the result in JSON, YAML, or CBOR formats.
sort Sorts the output by the specified columns.
Query parameter usage examples
You can specify a query parameter to any CAT operation to obtain more specific results.
Get verbose output
To query aliases and get verbose output that includes all column headings in the response, use the v query parameter.
GET _cat/aliases?v
The response provides more details, such as names of each column in the response.
alias index filter routing.index routing.search is_write_index
.kibana .kibana_1 - - - -
sample-alias1 sample-index-1 - - - -
Without the verbose parameter, v, the response simply returns the alias names:
.kibana .kibana_1 - - - -
sample-alias1 sample-index-1 - - - -
Get all available headers
To see all the available headers, use the help parameter:
GET _cat/<operation_name>?help
Get a subset of headers
To limit the output to a subset of headers, use the h parameter:
GET _cat/<operation_name>?h=<header_name_1>,<header_name_2>&v
Typically, for any operation you can find out what headers are available using the help parameter, and then use the h parameter to limit the output to only the headers that you care about.
If you use the Security plugin, make sure you have the appropriate permissions.
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How Do I Add User Codes To A VISTA 20P, 21iP, 15P, 10P?
The procedure to add user codes to a Vista 20P, 21iP, 15P and 10P is the same, the difference is the number of user codes each control panel supports.
A master user code is the only code that can create secondary user codes.
Honeywell's factory default master code, which is user 02 on every panel mentioned above, is 1234. The master code can be changed by using the current master code or the installer code (Honeywell's factory default installer code is 4112). To change the master user code enter the existing 4 digit master code, followed by the numbers 8 0 2 plus the new 4 digit master code twice, i.e., [1234] + [8] + [02] + [4321] + [4321]. When you've successfully changed the user code, you will hear a short confirmation beep, letting you know the code has been updated. To use the Installer Code to change the Master Code, once you're outside programming, enter Installer Code+8+02+New 4 digit code, i.e., [4112] + [8] + [02] + [4321]. You will hear a brief confirmation beep once the code is changed.
In addition to the 4 digit user code, a user is assigned a 2 digit user number. The master code user number is 02, the installer code is user 01. Remembering the 2 digit user number is very important if you need to delete a user code.
To delete a secondary code, do the following: [Master Code] + [8] + [User Number] + [#] + [0]. You will receive a short confirmation beep letting you know the code has been deleted.
To add a secondary user code, enter the 4 digit master code followed by the number 8, plus the 2 digit user number (any number from 03 or higher) plus the 4 digit user code, i.e., [1234] + [8] + [03] + [5678]. The system will beep to confirm the user was added.
Each user code can be assigned an authority level. The authority level defines which system functions the user can or cannot do. The master code does not have an authority level. The available levels are as follows:
Level 0 = standard level, users can arm and disarm the system and bypass zones.
Level 1 = arm only - can arm the system but cannot disarm the system.
Level 2 = guest - can arm the system but can only disarm if the system was armed using this code.
Level 3 = duress code - when used the system will disarm normally but will send a silent signal to the central monitoring station informing them of a hostile situation and authorities will be contacted immediately,
Level 4 = Partition Master (Vista 20P, Vista 21iP only). A Partition Master has the same permissions as the System Master, but for their respective partition only. A Partition Master can change itself and any secondary code in its partition, but can not be used to change the System Master (User 02).
When creating a security code, you need to choose a 2 digit user number, a 4 digit user code, assign an authority level to that user, and determine any other attributes that should be assigned to it, such as assigning a keyfob to it.
To assign the authority level attribute - We will show assigning user 03 as a Guest Code (Authority Level 2.) Enter master code followed by the number 8, plus the 2 digit user number, the # sign plus 1 (attribute), plus the authority level, i.e., [1234] + [8] + [03] + [#] + [1] + [2]. You will get a short confirmation beep, letting you know the command has been successfully executed.
User numbers 03 and higher on the Vista 15P, and Vista 10P, and users 04 through 32, and 34 through 49 on the Vista 20P, and the Vista 21iP will automatically be assigned authority Level 0 = standard user, when created. See below for a list of all attributes that can be assigned to user codes.
The Vista 20P and 21iP support a total of 49 user codes.
The Vista 15P supports a total of 33 user codes.
The Vista 10P supports a total of 17 users codes.
The total number of user codes includes the master and installer codes.
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An end user can only see the user codes on the system with Total Connect 2.0. If you are unsure what code is programmed to a user slot, you'll need to delete that user code and re-add it to be what you would like it to be.
I understand how to add or delete user codes. My problem is this: Ademco Vista 20p panel. Gave someone a user code, now I want to delete it. But I can't remember what "user number" I assigned to them. For example: 04, 05..ect. Anyone have a solution? Any way to list assigned user numbers?
Thanks Bryce, can anything be done to override this or am I looking at a whole new system?
It could be the fact that it is an ADT system and they probably have done a programming lockout preventing you from making changes to the system.
I have a Vista-10P from ADT, with WA10P-1.6 from 2005 PROM, with a 6160 Keypad, and no matter what I try, I'm unable to change the default ADT installer code. I'm able to get into programming, I enter the new code, but it never accepts it and just gives me a long beep each time. I was only able to change the Master code, but I also cannot program any user codes, I try various _TAG_ (04,05,06,07 etc) and none of them accept or make any sound after I enter in the new code. Could there be some type of system lockout because this is an ADT system that is preventing me from changing the installer code and adding additional users?
Ah yes, that means you switched it to a Partition 2 keypad and you must have had a cancelled alarm that had to be cleared on P2.
I figured it out, I accidentally changed the code for *189 and *190 from 2's to 1's...I imputed the correct numbers and that took care of the issue.
not sure if this helps but here are the few pages from the install guy with what he wrote in the manual... page 45 - 46
Here is what I see....
Try pressing Setup icon (Wrench and screw driver) and then Disp & Audio Setup icon and then your installer code and check if the EN50131 mode is enabled or disabled. If it's enabled, disable it and test again.
forgot the WA Prom.... it is WA20P - 9.18
I agree I should see something like this when after an alarm was triggered, however, this comes up without an alarm having been triggered and only setting the "away" button, and then returning to disarm the alarm. Before I changed the codes, I think I messed up the original programing by going into the console mode on the 6280 and then entering the (installer code) +(800), followed by (*) + (189) (1111) to enable any touchscreen keypads and ended it with (*)99 which programed all the keypads I guess and set something back to default maybe? Whatever I did, it now comes up for the master code as well so I must have changed the global setting for the "away" mode.
What is the 'WA' PROM number on your VISTA control panel? No matter what code you use when disarming after an alarm was triggered, you will see the Alarm Canceled message and need to disarm a second time to clear the "latched alarm" message. This is by design so that if you come home when the siren is going off and you disarm, you don't have to wonder which alarm had been activated. Also, if you disarm without an alarm having been triggered, no matter what code you use, you should not be seeing this message. Can you test another arm/disarm with user 3, without letting an alarm activation occur to see if you get this message?
Hi, I had three codes, the installer code, the master code, and one other that was set to user 03. I have deleted 03 code and created a new 03 code. Now, every time that I use the 03 code to disarm the system, a annoying "control panel message" screen pops up after the alarm turns off and the only way to remove the message is to input the code again and I would like to have this option/ screen pop up turned off. The master code doesn't have this screen pop after I input the disarm code, nor did the code that I deleted. Can anyone help solve this problem? I use the 6280 touch screens to program the Vista system. Please help!!
Related Products
Honeywell VISTA-21iP - Internet Alarm Control Panel, open
Honeywell VISTA-21iP
Internet Alarm Control Panel
Honeywell VISTA-20P - Wired Alarm Control Panel
Honeywell VISTA


text:
USDA – Rural Development - Water and Environmental Programs
Solid Waste Management Grant Program
Due: December 31, 2010
The objectives of the Solid Waste Management Grant Program are to:
- Reduce or eliminate pollution of water resources in rural areas; and
- Improve planning and management of solid waste sites in rural areas.
NOTE: Rural areas are defined as any area not in a city or town with a population in excess of 10,000, according to the
latest decennial census of the United States.
Solid Waste Management grants may be used to:
1. Evaluate current landfill conditions to determine threats to water resources.
2. Provide technical assistance and/or training to enhance operator skills in the operation and maintenance of
3. Provide technical assistance and/or training to help communities reduce the solid waste stream.
Provide technical assistance and/or training for operators of landfills which are closed or will be closed in
the near future with the development and implementation of closure plans, future land use plans, safety and
maintenance planning, and closure scheduling within permit requirements.
For More Information:


text:
The Bloodstone Lands: Legacies
Every new level (including 1st) each PC adds 3 hero points to their character sheet. These points DO NOT roll over to the next level so use 'em or lose 'em.
Bonus Hero Points can be gained through good roleplay, these bonus points must also be used by the next level or lost.
How to use hero Points:
It's pretty easy. Whenever you roll a D20 you can use a Hero Point to add an additional die to the roll. You must use the Hero Point BEFORE the roll. Once used a Hero Point is gone. One exception to the above rule is for damage. You may use a Hero Point to add or subtract to any damage you roll or take. Again, you must declare the Hero Point used before rolling the damage dice.
Thus Hero Points can be used for all the following rolls: attack, damage, saves and skill checks.
How Much Do Hero Points Add to Your Roll:
Depends on your level:
1-5 = D4
6-10 = D6
11-15 = D8
16-19 = D10
20 = D12


text:
Explains what the feature is or what its benefits are to the user or customer.
Changing the backup interval
inSync Client backs up data from your computer at regular intervals. The backup interval indicates the time between the end of one backup and the start of the next backup. If your administrator assigns you the required permission, you can change the backup interval.
To change the backup interval
- On the Summary window, click Preferences.
- Under Resources, move the Backup interval slider to reflect a backup interval. You can set the backup interval to a value between between 20 minutes to 7 days.
- Click Save.


text:
Undergrads Research Bread & Roses Strike of 1912
By Sandra Seitz
Serious historical research involves dusty documents, endless rolls of microfiche and long hours in spent in libraries. So why are these students smiling?
Six undergraduate students contributed significantly to understanding aspects of the Bread & Roses strike of 1912, a landmark event in the history of the United States, when 20,000 people went on strike for a living wage.
Their research was part of a course titled Work, Labor and Society, taught by Sociology Assoc. Prof. Mignon Duffy and Susan Winning, coordinator of the Labor Extension Program. It's the foundational course for UMass Lowell's new minor in Work, Labor and Society
The Bread & Roses strike, while primarily associated with Lawrence, also spread to Lowell. The students showed posters they had created about the Lowell strike action of 1912 at a reception in the Boott Cotton Mills Museum, where their work will become part of the permanent exhibit.
The Not-So-Dusty Work of Research
Juniors Jacqueline DiPersio, sociology major, and Janelle Bourgeois, history major, worked in a group to research the grievances that led to the strikers' demands.
"We studied the newspaper articles that were published around the time of the strike, reading them on microfilm," says DiPersio. "Others in the group worked on finding photographs and we met on Saturdays at the museum to compare notes."
"The working conditions leading up to the strike were especially brutal," says Bourgeois. "We had original source material in a collection of interviews conducted at the time and some of them were heartbreaking to read. It was also fascinating to see how much money the mill owners made – there was a huge wage gap."
Freshman students Makenna Campbell and Nikki Gaspari, both psychology majors, worked together to research the various ethnicities of the strikers, a majority of whom were recent immigrants and spoke 20 languages among them. Campbell, whose grandparents worked in the Lowell mills, says, "The research made it real – it brought the people to life."
"Someone had kept a scrap book of 1912 newspaper articles," says Gaspari. "Reading those made the research work even more involved and interesting."
The students also learned about methods of historical research from History Prof. Robert Forrant, chair of the Bread & Roses Centennial Committee, and graduate student Ethan Snow, research assistant to the Committee.
"We started by presenting the students with an unattributed strike photo of a march to scrutinize for clues," says Snow. "They could read a sign for 'Chagaruly's Apothecary' and that led to the city directories, where we could find who lived and worked in those blocks. Then, working from contemporaneous newspaper articles and a 1906 city atlas, we discovered that the strikers had paraded in a loop around the city and determined that our photo must be at the end of the parade, right by the strike headquarters.
"That blew the students away," he adds. "Especially for those students with a connection to Lowell, it was amazing to them how the city had changed."
One Family, Both Sides of the Labor Struggle
Snow has his own family connections to the mills and to labor history.
"Both my dad and I are active in labor unions and my paternal grandfather worked for a shoe factory in Brockton," he says. "But his family had owned that same shoe factory a few generations before, until a nephew lost it all."
Ironically, his mother's father graduated from the Lowell Textile Institute and worked briefly as an efficiency clerk in mills in Connecticut – "doing the work that the unionists would have most opposed," says Snow.
The Bread & Roses in Lowell event was sponsored by the Tsongas Industrial History Center
; Lowell National Historical Park; the Bread & Roses Centennial
Committee; the UMass Lowell Work, Labor and Society program; the Center for Lowell History; the American Textile History Museum and the Revolving Museum.


In Configuration Manager, the AddMembershipRule Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) class method adds a new rule to the CollectionRules property of SMS_Collection Server WMI Class.
The following syntax is simplified from Managed Object Format (MOF) code and is intended to show the definition of the method.
SInt32 AddMembershipRule(
 SMS_CollectionRule collectionRule,
 UInt32 QueryID
);
Parameters
collectionRule
Data type: SMS_CollectionRuleQualifiers: [in]SMS_CollectionRule Server WMI Class object to add.
QueryID
Data type: UInt32Qualifiers: [out]Configuration Manager-generated query ID if the rule is a query rule. If the rule is direct, this ID is 0. Use QueryID to modify or delete a query membership rule.
Return Values
An SInt32 data type that is 0 to indicate success or non-zero to indicate failure.
For information about handling returned errors, see About Configuration Manager Errors.
Remarks
This method can also be used to modify a membership rule.
Example Code
The following example shows how to add a direct rule and a query rule to a collection.
 Copy Code
 Dim instCollection As SWbemObject 'Instance of SMS_Collection
 Dim clsQueryRule As SWbemObject 'SMS_CollectionRuleQuery class method
 Dim instQueryRule As SWbemObject 'Instance of SMS_CollectionRuleQuery
 Dim instDirectRule As SWbemObject 'Instance of SMS_CollectionRuleDirect
 Dim Query As String
 Dim ValidQuery As Boolean
 Dim QueryID As Long
 Set instCollection = Services.Get("SMS_Collection.CollectionID=""<collectionid>""")
 ' Create the direct rule.
 Set instDirectRule = Services.Get("SMS_CollectionRuleDirect").SpawnInstance_
 instDirectRule.ResourceClassName = "SMS_R_System"
 instDirectRule.ResourceID = <resourceid>
 instDirectRule.RuleName = "MyDirectRule"

 ' Add the direct rule to the collection.
 instCollection.AddMembershipRule instDirectRule
 ' Always validate your query before adding a query rule to the collection.
 Query = "SELECT * FROM SMS_R_System WHERE SystemRoles = 'SMS Client Access Point'"
 Set clsQueryRule = Services.Get("SMS_CollectionRuleQuery")
 ValidQuery = clsQueryRule.ValidateQuery(Query)
 If ValidQuery Then
 ' Create the query rule. Note that you use these same steps to
 ' modify an existing query rule, except that you set the QueryID property
 ' value to the query rule you want to modify.
 Set instQueryRule = clsQueryRule.SpawnInstance_
 instQueryRule.QueryExpression = Query
 instQueryRule.RuleName = "MyQueryRule"

 ' Add the query rule to the collection. You only need to specify QueryID if
 ' you want to capture the identifier for use later (you use QueryID to
 ' update or delete the rule.)
 instCollection.AddMembershipRule instQueryRule, QueryID
 End If
 ' After you have added all the membership rules, call RequestRefresh to initiate
 ' the collection evaluator.
 instCollection.RequestRefresh False
Remarks
To delete a membership rule, the query number is needed to set the QueryID value.
To add multiple membership rules, use the AddMembershipRules Method in Class SMS_Collection.
Requirements
Runtime Requirements
Development Requirements
See Also
Send comments about this topic to Microsoft.


text:
Dwarf Soldiers form the dwarfs' army. They are quite strong fighters and know how to make use of the complex terrain very well. Due to their shortness they can use passages through the mountains where nobody can follow them and attack with their crossbows from hiding-places where nobody expects them.
Dwarf Soldiers have 135 hitpoints. They are strong against earth damage. On the other hand, they are weak against death and fire damage. It takes 360 mana to summon or convince these creatures.
Dwarf Soldiers yield 70 experience points. They carry bolts, gold coins, shovels, soldier helmets, white mushrooms and sometimes other items with them.


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Adding copy-to-clipboard rollovers in Contacts app via AppleScript
Adding Copy to Clipboard Rollovers in Contacts App via AppleScriptApple's Contacts app includes a lot of great shortcuts for initiating different forms of communication. Just click an email address, phone number or URL field label to display a list of available options. You can send an email, show a phone number in large type or start a FaceTime call, for example. Curiously, one shortcut that's absent from most of these popups is one for copying the email address, phone number, URL, etc. to the clipboard. Mailing addresses are one exception, as they provide an option to copy a mailing label. But, other fields don't include this option. Sure, you could just select a phone number, email address, URL, etc., and press Command+C to copy it. But, what fun is that? It sure would be nice if there were just more handy copy-to-clipboard shortcuts instead. With the help of AppleScript, you can add your own. Here's how...
Writing the Script
The following steps demonstrate how to add a Copy to Clipboard shortcut to phone number fields in the Contacts app. If you have any trouble following along, you can download the complete script here, along with ones for email address and URL fields too.
1. Launch AppleScript Editor (in /Applications/Utilities)
2. Create a new script document and enter the following code:
Note: If you want to create a version of this script for email address or URL fields, just change the action property handler to return the appropriate field type, i.e.,
on action property
return "email"
end action property
or...
on action property
return "url"
end action property
Installing and Using the Script
In order for the script you created to appear in the Contacts app, it needs to be saved in the proper place.
1. Quit Contacts if it's running.
2. Save the script you created as Contacts > Copy Phone to Clipboard.scpt, in script format, into the ~/Library/Address Book Plug-Ins folder in your Home directory. If this folder doesn't already exist, go ahead and create it.
Adding Copy to Clipboard Rollovers in Contacts App via AppleScript
Now, just relaunch the Contacts app. When you click on a phone number field label, you should see a new option for copying the phone number to the clipboard. Now, repeat the steps above for email addresses and URLs to enhance the Contacts app even further.
Adding Copy to Clipboard Rollovers in Contacts App via AppleScript
This marks my last scheduled post for the TUAW for a bit. Hopefully, you'll see more of me here in the future. In the meantime, feel free to reach out to me on Twitter to say "Hello," ask a scripting question or two, suggest a future topic, etc. Until next time, Happy Scripting!
© 2014 AOL Inc. All Rights Reserved.


Science tries to explain why you love Apple (and hate Microsoft)
Next Story
Why do people who love Apple hate Microsoft? Conversely, why do people who love Microsoft hate Apple? Science, that wonderful abstraction, may have an answer.
A professor at the University College London, Semir Zeki, has proposed the following: love is a blind emotion while hate takes conscious effort to produce.
Think of it in romantic terms: Why do you find that girl or guy attractive? You just sorta do; it's hard to explain. But, why do you hate that girl or guy? I'm sure you have a laundry list of reasons.
We can apply the same logic to Apple/Microsoft. It's a lot easier to explain why you hate Apple or Microsoft, but try explaining why you like Apple or Microsoft. "I don't know, I just do." Indeed.
I don't know, it gets pretty cerebral pretty quickly. Y'all would be better served (and certainly better entertained) playing Fable II.
via CNET's Technically Incorrect
blog comments powered by Disqus


text:
Medical Definition of Darier disease
Darier disease: A genetic skin disease characterized by an abnormality of the horny layer of the skin around the hair follicles. This disorder is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and is due to mutation in a gene called ATP2A2 on chromosome 12. Also known as keratosis follicularis.
Subscribe to MedicineNet's General Health Newsletter


text:
Definitions for virgaˈvɜr gə
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
streaks of water drops or ice particles falling out of a cloud and evaporating before reaching the ground.
* (used with a sing. or pl. v.).
Origin of virga:
1935–40; < L: rod, streak
light wispy precipitation that evaporates before it reaches the ground (especially when the lower air is low in humidity)
A type of note used in plainsong notation, having a tail.
A streak of rain or snow that is dissipated in falling and does not reach the ground, commonly appearing descending from a cloud layer.
Origin: From virga.


text:
Monarch Candidate Conservation Agreement with Assurances
Clients who operate and maintain energy and transportation projects may benefit from participation in the Monarch Candidate Conservation Agreement with Assurances (Monarch CCAA).
CCAA partners receive incidental take authorization for the monarch butterfly on enrolled lands, if the monarch is federally listed. During routine general operations, vegetation management, and maintenance activities, CCAA partners maintain, enhance, or create habitat for monarchs. CCAA partners identify lands they would like to enroll during the application process. Partners must implement a subset of select conservation measures to maintain and enhance a proportion of their enrolled lands (adopted acres) as monarch habitat. These conservation measures mesh well with IVM efforts that clients may already be implementing. Each year, partners track implementation of conservation measures, conduct effectiveness monitoring, and provide a report to the CCAA coordinator.
Merjent assists energy and transportation clients with Monarch CCAA participation in the following ways:
- Liaising with the CCAA program coordinator;
- Conducting desktop assessment of rights-of-way and facilities;
- Preparing the application package;
- Proposing a plan for conservation measure implementation;
- Tracking conservation measures implemented annually;
- Monitoring habitat metrics on adopted acres through annual surveys of randomly selected plots;
- Developing the implementation plan; and
- Preparing and submitting annual reports to the CCAA program coordinator.
Clients interested in the CCAA need to apply before the species is protected to secure take authorization.
Leslie TeWinkel, PhD
Monarch CCAA Services


Solaris Common Desktop Environment: User's Guide
To Create a Personal Address Card
 1. Choose New from the Card menu.
 Address Manager displays a template for a new card in the scrolling pane. Each line in the template card represents a field specified in the vCard specification. All fields are optional, although you should fill in at least the Name field.
 2. Type the relevant information for the new address card in the scrolling pane.
 If you are unsure as to the appropriate format of information such as phone numbers, and the like, print out an existing card and use it as a guide.
 3. When you are satisfied with the details you have entered, choose Save As from the Card menu.
 Address Manager displays the Save As dialog box.
 4. Type a name for the new card file and click Save.
 The file name should contain the name of the person to which the card relates. Address Manager saves the file under the file name that you specified in the Addresses folder.
 Tip -
 For address cards (which conform to the vCard standard), some operating environments such as Windows recognize the.vcf file extension. If you intend mailing your address cards to users of such systems, you may want to use this file-naming convention.
 5. (Optional) Verify your new personal address card by searching for it with Personal Cards selected in the Search menu.
 Address Manager finds and displays the personal address card you created.


text:
Exchange System Discovery Tool Overview
The Exchange System Discovery Tool is a non-intrusive and highly secure tool that examines and analyzes selected mailboxes and reports on the collected message data. The tool output is a set of reports created from the statistics generated from a zip file uploaded to the CommVault Cloud where it staged on a virtual machine using Commvault.
The Exchange System Discovery Tool can be used to:
- Perform archive prediction to reclaim space after the archive.
- Provide data protection estimates and backup window timeframes.
- Analyze and track mailbox usage and distribution.
The key features of the tool include:
- The ability to run on a proxy without any load on the Exchange server, provided the proxy is on the same domain as the Exchange server.
- The ability to discover more than one Exchange server at a time.
- The ability to run multiple instances of the tool simultaneously.
How It Works
Request an account for Cloud Services from your Account Representative, and then log in and download the Exchange System Discovery Tool. The tool output is a set of reports created from the statistics generated from a zip file uploaded to the CommVault Cloud where it is staged on a virtual machine using Commvault.
The collected message data includes the following:
- Message size
- Message count
- Attachment details
- Recipient details
- Modification time
Last modified: 2/27/2018 7:39:11 PM


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April 24, 2020
Clojure Goodness: Counting Frequency Of Items In A Collection
If we want to know how often an item is part of a collection we can use the frequencies function. This function returns a map where each entry has the item as key and the number of times it appears in the list as value.
In the following example Clojure code we use the frequencies function:
(ns mrhaki.core.frequencies
 (:require [clojure.test :refer [are is]]))
(def sample "Clojure is cool!")
(is (= {\space 2 \! 1 \C 1 \c 1 \e 1 \i 1 \j 1 \l 2 \o 3 \r 1 \s 1 \u 1}
 (frequencies sample))
 "Frequency of each character in sample")
(def list ["Clojure" "Groovy" "Cool" "Goodness"])
(is (= {\C 2 \G 2}
 (frequencies (map first list)))
 "Two words start with C and two with G")
(def numbers '(29 31 42 12 8 73 46))
(defn even-or-odd
 "Return string even when number is even,
 otherwise return string odd."
 [n]
 (if (even? n)
 "even"
 "odd"))
(is (= {"odd" 3 "even" 4}
 (frequencies (map even-or-odd numbers)))
 "list numbers has 3 odd and 4 even numbers")
(def user {:user "mrhaki" :city "Tilburg" :age 46})
(is (= {java.lang.String 2 java.lang.Long 1}
 (frequencies (map type (vals user))))
 "user map has two values of type String and 1 of type Long")
Written with Clojure 1.10.1.


text:
Research Project Search
Engineering Students Win With Online Game
May 17, 2008 - A team of Ohio University engineering and technology students won an honorable mention from the Environmental Protection Agency for their online environmental game designed to improve public awareness of chemical exposure, the university announced.
The Russ College of Engineering and Technology students competed in the 4th Annual National Sustainable Design Expo from April 20-22 at the National Mall in Washington, D.C. Nearly 60 teams represented colleges and universities across America.
The Chemical Exposure Awareness Game, funded by a $10,000 EPA grant, is played in the online virtual world Second Life. Modeled on Monopoly, the game exposes players to various daily chemicals to teach positive and negative effects. Players also are encouraged to strive for more sustainable lifestyles.
The expo was the second phase of the EPA's People, Prosperity and the Planet, P3, competition.The first phase, for which the team won the grant, asked teams to demonstrate how they planned to research and develop innovative designs to address challenges to sustainability.
Associate Professor of Computer Science Chang Liu and Professor of Civil Engineering Tiao Chang led students Ying Zhong, Yanhui Fang, En Ye and Jourdan Siemer in developing the game.
"Our team was the only computer game to compete in the expo," Zhong said in an OU news release. "Our game was very popular at the expo, especially with children."
"Students waited in lines to play our P3 game," Liu said. "I think this was evidence that our team had made progress toward the goal of improving chemical awareness though engaging programming."


Synonyms for lead astray
Synonyms for (verb) lead astray
Synonyms: lead astray, deceive, betray
Definition: cause someone to believe an untruth
Similar words: misinform, mislead
Definition: give false or misleading information to
Synonyms: lead astray, misdirect, misguide, mislead
Definition: lead someone in the wrong direction or give someone wrong directions
Usage: The pedestrian misdirected the out-of-town driver
Similar words: direct, conduct, guide, lead, take
Definition: take somebody somewhere
Usage: We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?; He conducted us to the palace
Synonyms: lead astray, lead off
Definition: teach immoral behavior to
Usage: It was common practice to lead off the young ones, and teach them bad habits
Similar words: debase, debauch, demoralise, demoralize, deprave, corrupt, subvert, profane, misdirect, pervert, vitiate
Definition: corrupt morally or by intemperance or sensuality
Usage: debauch the young people with wine and women; Socrates was accused of corrupting young men; Do school counselors subvert young children?; corrupt the morals
Visual thesaurus for lead astray


text:
Definition - What does Smart Pig mean?
A smart pig is an inspection device that records information about the internal conditions of a pipeline. It is used to detect and measure corrosion and metal loss internally and externally on the pipe wall. Smart pigs can also detect curvatures in the pipeline.
When referring to using a smart pig for a pipeline some may refer to the process as "pigging the pipeline."
A smart pig is also known as a pipe pig, pipeline pig, pipeline inspection gauge, pipeline inline inspection tool, natural gas pipeline inspection tool or corrosion detection pig.
Corrosionpedia explains Smart Pig
Smart pigs are pipeline inspection tools that consist of large pieces of machinery combined with powerful technology that help with the maintenance of pipelines.
These inspection tools provide data on the condition of pipelines, which helps gauge the health and integrity of the pipes. These smart pigs ensure that transmission of the product does not stop due to pipeline integrity issues, which can be disastrous.
Smart pigs can be inserted into the pipeline at a location, such as a valve or pump station, that has a special configuration of pipes and valves where the tool can be loaded into a receiver. The receiver is closed and sealed, and the flow of the pipeline product can be directed to launch the tool into the main line of the pipeline. A similar setup is located downstream, where the tool is directed out of the main line into a receiver, removed from the pipeline, and the recorded data retrieved for analysis and reporting.
Smart pigs may measure several different things from inside the pipeline, including restrictions and deformations of the pipe, as well as metal loss. Odometer wheels are used to measure exactly where the pig is within the pipeline.
Smart pigs are used to detect problems such as:
- Stress corrosion cracking
- General corrosion
- Pitting corrosion
- Anomalous weld seams
- Longitudinal cracks
- Longitudinal grooves


text:
Three-toed horses once roamed TIbetan plateaus, skeleton reveals
A newly discovered skeleton from an ancient three-toed horse not only provides information about ancient Tibetan wildlife, but it also sheds light on the habitat and elevation of Tibet nearly 5 million years ago.
This area of the world, called the Tibetan plateau, is the youngest and highest plateau on Earth, its average elevation exceeding 14,800 feet (4,500 meters), but researchers don't know exactly when this happened. Some researchers think that 5 million years ago, the plateau was once much higher than it is today, but others think it was much lower.
More data is needed to get a good grip on when the plateau rose up, and these researchers used the fossilized horse to shed some light on the debate.
"We have an extinct horse that apparently is adapted to grasslands, these open nonwooded areas," study researcher Xiaoming Wang, of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, told LiveScience. "Therefore, in turn, it might have some implications about the environment that it came from." [High & Dry: Images of the Tibetan Plateau]
Details about the horse suggested that at the time it died, the Zanda Basin would have been about 13,000 feet (4,000 meters) above sea level, on par with the current elevation of that region of Tibet.
The fossilized horse bones were found in the Zanda Basin, in southwestern Tibet, near the Himalayas. The horse is about 4.6 million years old and seems to be from the three-toed horse genus Hipparion. The species was identified as Hipparion zanda, which was originally named based on a single skull found in the late 1980s.
The new find included a majority of the horses' bones, including its legs. By analyzing the legs, they were able to get a better grip on the environment it lived in, shedding light on the state of the plateau at that time.
"These guys have pretty long legs, well-adapted to open terrain [and] running fast; it means that these guys are probably not in the wooded areas," Wang said. "By being not in the wooded areas, basically the paper concludes that the areas where the horse originally lived was above the tree lines in those days."
In this way, the Zanda horse would have been quite similar to the Tibetan wild ass, except the Zanda horse had three toes instead of the wild ass's one.
The horse also had teeth characteristics of a grazer, the researchers said, further supporting the idea that the area was open grassland when the horse lived.
One of the researchers, Yang Wang of Florida State University, analyzed the chemicals contained within the fossils to get an idea of what kinds of grasses the horses ate. She was able to tell that these horses ate plants that were characteristic of a cold, open land similar to that seen in the Zanda Basin today.
"Those earlier horses have similar diet to the wild asses [currently] living in the area. They are grazing on grasses that are adapted to the cold," Wang said. "It's a high elevation environment, but exactly how high we don't know."
The researchers estimate that 4.6 million years ago, when these horses roamed the area, it was about 1,300 feet (400 m) higher than the modern tree line, and probably about the same elevation as it is today.
Source: Fox News
BLM wild horse citizen panel faces conflicts
Ten Minute TrickMoving stall mats
Horse Therapy Helps Veterans Break Through PTSD
Horse Meat in Burgers in UK stores
Ten Minute TrickMaking your horse enjoy leaving home
Animals in The Hobbit suffer for the film


Skip to contents
Match a column with given values.
Usage
# S4 method for Column
%in%(x, table)
Arguments
x
a Column.
table
a collection of values (coercible to list) to compare with.
Value
A matched values as a result of comparing with given values.
Note
%in% since 1.5.0
Examples
if (FALSE) {
filter(df, "age in (10, 30)")
where(df, df$age %in% c(10, 30))
}


text:
The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility includes an active Data Quality program to characterize the quality of ARM measurements. This minimizes the time required to address instrument problems to provide the best-possible measurements for scientific research. Maintaining data quality (DQ) for an organization with the size and complexity of ARM is a significant challenge, and is managed by the ARM Data Quality Office. The three sources of DQ information for ARM data are:
- Instrument handbooks—found on each instrument's page
- Embedded Quality Control (QC) flags—found in most data files as ancillary variables and can be easily deciphered
- Data Quality Reports (DQRs)—visible while browsing for data, received with data orders, and accessible through the DQR web service.
Even after significant scrutiny, some unidentified issues may be present in the data. Help ensure data quality by informing ARM of any issue, no matter the severity.


Duhaime's Law Dictionary
Quid Pro Quo Definition:
Latin: something for something.
Related Terms: Contract Law, Consideration
Some American jurists have suggested that quid pro quo stands for the consideration of a contract; that it refers to the requirement that something be exchanged, flow to each of the contracting party, for there to be a valid contract.
Viz., Ballentine's Law Dictionary:
Quid pro quo: The consideration for a contract. That which is supplied by one party in consideration of that which is supplied by the other party."
As a further example of the use of the term quid pro quo in law, consider the suggestion of Canadian author Catherine McKinnnon who describes a variety of workplace sexual harassment she calls quid pro quo harassment: job benefits onditioned on availability of sex or physical contact, refusal leading to discharge, discipline or negative recommendations for promotion.
But that phrase had long become part of American law. For example, these words of Justice Holloway of the United States Court of Appeals in Hicks v Gates Rubber:
"The gravamen of a quid pro quo sexual harassment claim is that tangible job benefits are conditioned on an employee's submission to conduct of a sexual nature and that adverse job consequences result from the employee's refusal to submit to the conduct."
 - Hicks v Gates Rubber, 833 F. 2d 1406 (1987)
 - MacKinnon, Catherine, Sexual Harassment of Working Women (Toronto: Yale University Press, 1979). Referred to in Foisy c. Bell Canada, 18 D.L.R. (4th) 222 (1984, QCSC)
Categories & Topics:


text:
Incident Response Satellite Depots Project
The Department of Transport and Main Roads is now operating Queensland's first Incident Response Satellite Depots (IRSD) in order to respond to traffic incidents faster and reduce congestion on state-controlled roads (as part of the government's "congestion busting" initiatives).
There are 7 satellite depots that service the motorways and major arterials throughout south-east Queensland. The satellite depots provide storage facilities for signage and recovery equipment for emergency response crews. This allows incident response crews to clear traffic incidents faster and more efficiently, making our state-controlled roads safer and reduce traffic congestion.
The Incident Response Satellite Depots are an important part of the Queensland Government's plan to manage and oversee the delivery of a safe, efficient and integrated transport system that supports sustainable economic, social and environmental outcomes in Queensland.
The project involved the planning, design and construction of the satellite depots. cobodo provided consultancy services to TMR Road Operations, Metropolitan Region on the Congestion Busting Initiatives with a project budget of $11 million. Margie's role included:
project management of the design, construction and commissioning of the satellite depots
documentation of business requirements
development of business cases
preparation of the tender documentation
development and documentation of policies and procedures
workshop facilitation and presentation.


text:
Ask a question about 'Gypsy Breynton'
Start a new discussion about 'Gypsy Breynton'
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is the heroine of an eponymous series of books written by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps
Elizabeth Stuart Phelps Ward, born Mary Gray Phelps, was an American author and an early advocate of clothing reform for women, urging them to burn their corsets.- Biography :...
. The books were written in 1866-7 for Sunday school
Sunday school is the generic name for many different types of religious education pursued on Sundays by various denominations.-England:The first Sunday school may have been opened in 1751 in St. Mary's Church, Nottingham. Another early start was made by Hannah Ball, a native of High Wycombe in...
s and so are of an improving nature. Gypsy, as the name indicates, is an impetuous tomboy
A tomboy is a girl who exhibits characteristics or behaviors considered typical of the gender role of a boy, including the wearing of typically masculine-oriented clothes and engaging in games and activities that are often physical in nature, and which are considered in many cultures to be the...
who lives a chaotic life lacking a system. Her development and experiences provide the basis for the restrained moralising of the stories.
The four books in the series are
- Gypsy Breynton
- Gypsy's Cousin Joy
- Gypsy's Sowing and Reaping
- Gypsy's Year at the Golden Crescent


catch fire
Related to catch fire: Halt and Catch Fire
 (kăch, kĕch)
v. caught (kôt), catch·ing, catch·es
c. To stop (oneself) from doing an action: I caught myself before replying.
a. To capture or seize, especially after a chase: The police caught the robber in the next town.
b. To capture or take by trapping, snaring, or some other means: I caught three fish with that lure.
c. To take in and hold or contain: a pond that catches runoff.
b. To become cognizant or aware of suddenly: caught her gazing out the window.
b. To overtake: The driver of the green car caught the leader on the straightaway.
a. To cause to become hooked, entangled, or fastened: caught my hem on the stair.
b. To hold up; delay: was caught in traffic for an hour.
a. To make contact with; strike: The boxer caught his opponent with a left hook.
b. To propel an object so that it hits (something): The center caught the back of the net with a hard shot.
a. To become subject to or to contract, as by exposure to a pathogen: catch a cold.
b. To become affected by or infused with: caught the joyous mood of the festival.
c. To suffer from the receipt of (criticism, for example): caught hell for being late.
a. To perceive suddenly or momentarily: We caught a glimpse of the movie star. I caught a whiff of her perfume.
b. To hear or listen to: caught the news bulletin on the radio; didn't catch the end of your sentence
c. To grasp mentally; apprehend: I don't catch your meaning.
a. To go to see (a performance, for example): caught the midnight show.
b. To get (something required), usually quickly or for a brief period: catch some sleep.
a. To attract and fix; arrest: couldn't catch their attention; caught the teacher's eye.
b. To reproduce or represent effectively: an impressionist who caught the effects of wind and water in his paintings.
11. To deceive: failed to be caught by their fraudulent schemes.
12. Baseball To play (a game) as catcher.
1. To become held, entangled, or fastened: My coat caught in the car door.
2. To act or move so as to hold or grab someone or something: tried to catch at the life preserver.
3. To be communicable or infectious; spread.
4. To become ignited: The fire caught.
5. Baseball To act as catcher.
b. A game of throwing and catching a ball.
a. A quantity that is caught: The catch amounted to 50 fish.
c. Informal A person considered to be an attractive or admirable romantic partner.
5. A choking or stoppage of the breath or voice: a catch in his voice.
6. A snatch; a fragment: could only hear catches of the song.
Phrasal Verbs:
catch on
1. To understand something: These students catch on quickly.
2. To become popular: Skateboarding caught on quickly.
catch out
To detect (another) in wrongdoing or error.
catch up
1. To move fast enough to attain the same progress as another; draw even: caught up to the leader on the last lap of the race.
2. To become equal or on a par with another: finally caught up with his brother in height.
3. To bring an activity to completion or to a state of currentness: catch up on correspondence.
5. To seize or lift suddenly: The wind caught up the umbrella and carried it off.
6. To involve, often unwillingly: was caught up in the scandal.
7. To captivate; enthrall: I was caught up in the mood of the evening.
catch fire
1. To ignite.
2. To become very enthusiastic.
3. To become the subject of great interest and widespread enthusiasm: an idea that caught fire all over the country.
catch it Informal
To receive a punishment or scolding.
catch (one's) breath
To rest so as to be able to continue an activity.
catch (one's) death
To catch a cold or other illness.
catch up with
1. To find or arrest after a period of pursuit: The police finally caught up with him in Omaha.
2. To have unpleasant consequences for, especially after a period of quiescence: mistakes that caught up with him when he ran for president.
catch you later
Informal Used to express good-bye.
[Middle English cacchen, from Old North French cachier, to chase, from Vulgar Latin *captiāre; see chase1.]
catch′a·ble adj.
Synonyms: catch, enmesh, ensnare, entangle, entrap, snare1, trap1
ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:
Verb1.catch fire - start to burn or burst into flames; "Marsh gases ignited suddenly"; "The oily rags combusted spontaneously"
blow out - erupt in an uncontrolled manner; "The oil well blew out"
catch - start burning; "The fire caught"
light up - start to burn with a bright flame; "The coal in the BBQ grill finally lit up"
combust, burn - cause to burn or combust; "The sun burned off the fog"; "We combust coal and other fossil fuels"
يَبْدأ بالأحْتِراق، يَمْسِكُ النار
fara aî loga, kvikna í
ateş almaktutuşmak
(ˈfaiə) noun
4. enthusiasm. with fire in his heart.
5. attack by gunfire. The soldiers were under fire.
fire alarm
ˈfirearm noun
ˈfire-brigade noun
a company of firemen. Call the fire-brigade!
ˈfire-cracker noun
a kind of firework which makes a loud noise.
ˈfire-engine noun
a vehicle carrying firemen and their equipment.
ˈfire-escape noun
ˈfire-extinguisher noun
ˈfire-guard noun
a metal framework placed in front of a fireplace for safety.
ˈfireman noun
ˈfireplace noun
ˈfireproof adjective
ˈfireside noun
ˈfire-station noun
ˈfirewood noun
ˈfirework noun
ˈfiring-squad noun
catch fire
to begin to burn. Dry wood catches fire easily.
on fire
burning. The building is on fire!
open fire (usually with on)
play with fire
under fire
Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary © 2006-2013 K Dictionaries Ltd.
References in classic literature?
"With us two it is for life and death, and I am rather pleased that there is something yet in him that can catch fire on occasion.
At length they rose from the water in their proper forms, but darting such flames of fire from their mouths that we dreaded lest the palace should catch fire. Soon, however, we had much greater cause for alarm, as the genius, having shaken off the princess, flew towards us.
Summary: A man was critically injured when a storm overnight caused his tanker truck to catch fire on the Minyeh-Dinnieh highway, the state-run National News Agency reported Wednesday.


Paris: Let's talk about homelessness
Avec une couverture au dessus d'un vélo, la personne se abrite dans une entrée de garage, 9ème Arrondissement de la capitale françaises.
Emergency shelter with a bike and a blanket in the 9th district of Paris (Urbanauth/ 2019)
3552 homeless people got counted in the capital of Paris this year.
At the annual "Nuit de la solidarité" (night of solidarity)in Paris between January and February, volunteers are on the streets for one night to count homeless people and, as far as possible, ask them about their living situation. Organised by the city and in partnership with various large associations, the figures mainly provide an insight into the different profiles and zones of homelessness.
3641 homeless people got counted at one night in the streets in 2019
Introduced in 2018, it is one of the few references on homelessness in the French capital and follows a methodology. In addition to the census, it also attempts to understand the needs and backgrounds of those affected, as well as the geographical location of their accommodations. The APUR, Parisian Urbanism Authority, published its study on the 2nd Nuit de la solidarité (2019) in December. Urbanauth has taken a look inside for you.
The volunteers did not exclusively count people sleeping in the street, but also those in places such as train stations or parking lots. So for 2019 the statistics included the so-called green lungs of the capital, the Bois de Boulogne in the west, and the Bois de Vincennes in the east, as well as the "Colline" in the north. Unfortunately, the numbers are not definite, as the census only takes place on one day. The results may therefore vary and do not represent the absolute number of homeless people.
The study could only count in accessible places. Consequently it excluded areas of petite ceinture or parks and silent occupations. Also invisible from the statistics are all persons who are "couchsurfing" and who are sleeping at solidarity networks. Furthermore only 2000 out of 3600 homeless in the study received the questionnaire. So about half of the respondents replied with a complete or partial answer.
What does homelessness in the French Capital looks like?
Des pigeons se rassemblent à un mètre de l'abri le long de l'immeuble.
A DIY space in the 17th Arrondissement between a wall and a energybox (Urbanauth/2019)
The study primarily looks at gender, age ranges and whether the person was encountered individually or as part of a group. Secondary observations regarded pregnancy, families, minors/children and animal companions. Thereafter, it was tried to identify the forms of homelessness among the interviewees and to understand their life situation.
Overall, 36% of the people recorded have been homeless for less than a year. With a share of 10 % young people (>25 years old) belong to a particularly vulnerable group. They are for example the least aware of social services like emergency shelters, social benefits, accompaniment of social workers. Also, young people usually arrived in Paris without any accommodation. This is why this group is temporary homeless, and got sighted mostly in the 18th arrondissement. They are also among those who tend not to have habitual places to sleep. In contrast to those who have been living on the streets for a long time.
For the interviewees, the reasons for homelessness were mostly their arrival in the capital without suitable accommodation, followed by blows of fate, separations and evictions. 14% of those interviewed were women, with the highest proportion of women in the age groups of under 25 and over 55 years. These women mostly stay in groups and change their sleeping places frequently. For them and the under 25 years old, it is the most dangerous to be homeless.
The hotspot is located in the north-east of Paris
Paris with its 20 districts by homeless people. (Map: APUR / December 2019)
Except the 15th district in the southwest, the highest concentration of homelessness is in the north-east. The 18th district is home to the largest group, with 507 people living on the streets, 105 of them residents of the "Colline", a notorious hill at the motorway junction and a humanitarian problem. The tent village at the Porte de la Chapelle, where refugees and crack addicts are living in tents on the brown line next to the highway, is regularly evacuated. However, in the absence of measures in the form of accommodation and prospects, new people are constantly moving in. The dissolution of the crack addicts camp for homeless people in autumn 2019 has contributed to the distribution of these people over a larger area. For example to public places in the north, such as the Canal de l'Ourcq or the Jardin d'Éole (19th arr.) and Porte d'Aubervilliers. 2017 / 2018 there was also a huge tent camp, which stretched from the canal at Quai Valmy to the suburbs of Saint Denis, and a Sinti and Roma camp on the Petite Ceinture between Porte Clignancourt and Porte de la Chapelle. These two spatial occupations have since been evacuated, possibly leading to a redistribution to the north of Paris and the neighbouring suburbs such as Bobigny, Pantin, La Courneuve and Bondy.
To the south, bordering the 18th district, are the 9th and 10th arrondissements with a population of 110 and 359 people. Following the 19th (466), 11th (176), 20th (156) and ends with the 12th district (369). The latter shows 167 additional homeless people who have taken shelter in the Vincennes forest. The concentration of a high proportion of homelessness correlates with the so-called popular districts. These areas have got a high cultural diversity, but also a high proportion of social housing and poverty. In comparison to the previous year, an exodus from the 9th and 10th districts to the north can be observed.
A decrease of homeless people in these districts is noteable, while a significant increase happened in the 18th and 19th districts. In this area, more groups of young people were counted, which are most strongly represented in both areas. The mass of homeless people decreases in the south-western part of the city and shows a mixed personal profile. The 16th arrondissement, which is considered a very bourgeois district, has borders on the equally rich suburb of Boulogne. Some homeless people have been counted in the Boulogne forest, although this is much smaller than in the "Colline" or the Vincennes forest. The latter is located in the east and borders the 13th arrondissement, which also has a certain homelessness.
The north-south axis to the west and the belt in the centre from the 2nd to the 8th district are conspicuous by their low number of homeless people. These are also so-called "Beaux Quartiers" / the beautiful and expensive quarters. The city puts a lot of effort to clear such districts from poverty. 2017 Urbanauth witnessed the evacuation of a Sinti and Roma shelter on an unused railway line at the Pont Cardinet (17th Arr.).
04.03.2020 The article got actualized with the number of homeless people in 2020. (FranceBleu)
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instance Consumes AddFoo MimeJSON
instance Produces AddFoo MimeJSON
instance Produces AddFoo MimeXML
instance HasBodyParam AddFoo FooModel
instance HasOptionalParam AddFoo FooName
instance HasOptionalParam AddFoo FooId
this would indicate that:
 - the addFoo operation can consume JSON
 - the addFoo operation produces JSON or XML, depending on the argument passed to the dispatch function
 - the addFoo operation can set it's body param of FooModel via setBodyParam
 - the addFoo operation can set 2 different optional parameters via applyOptionalParam
If the OpenAPI spec doesn't declare it can accept or produce a certain MIME type for a given Operation, you should either add a Produces or Consumes instance for the desired MIME types (assuming the server supports it), use dispatchLbsUnsafe or modify the OpenAPI spec and run the generator again.
New MIME type instances can be added via MimeType/MimeRender/MimeUnrender
Only JSON instances are generated by default, and in some case x-www-form-urlencoded instances (FromFrom, ToForm) will also be generated if the model fields are primitive types, and there are Operations using x-www-form-urlencoded which use those models.
Authentication
A haskell data type will be generated for each OpenAPI authentication type.
If for example the AuthMethod AuthOAuthFoo is generated for OAuth operations, then addAuthMethod should be used to add the AuthMethod config.
When a request is dispatched, if a matching auth method is found in the config, it will be applied to the request.
Example
mgr <- newManager defaultManagerSettings
config0 <- withStdoutLogging =<< newConfig
let config = config0
 'addAuthMethod' AuthOAuthFoo "secret-key"
let addFooRequest =
 addFoo
 (ContentType MimeJSON)
 (Accept MimeXML)
 (ParamBar paramBar)
 (ParamQux paramQux)
 modelBaz
 'applyOptionalParam' FooId 1
 'applyOptionalParam' FooName "name"
 'setHeader' [("qux_header","xxyy")]
addFooResult <- dispatchMime mgr config addFooRequest
See the example app and the haddocks for details.


text:
£1: Scotland: Forth Railway Bridge
Years of issue:
6 - Common
The third series of £1 coin designs depicts bridges from each of the four constituent countries in the United Kingdom. This coin features the Forth Railway Bridge to represent Scotland. The Forth Bridge is a cantilever railway bridge to the East of Scotland which connects the capital city Edinburgh with Fife. Construction began in 1883 and it was the first major structure in Britain to be constructed of steel, using ten times as much as the Eiffel Tower.
You might be interested in:
Change Checker Scarcity Index: 6
Own the UK 2004 Forth Bridge £1


text:
Travel time prediction in Advanced Traveler Information Systems is an important issue, because travel time is a major factor in motorists' decisions to avoid congestion and incidents. A simulation-assignment-based travel time prediction model for traffic corridors is constructed in this paper. Based on the concept of simulation-assignment models, two algorithms-the flow- and the vehicle-based models-are proposed for travel time prediction. One of the critical issues in simulation-assignment models is how reliable time-dependent origin-destination (O-D) trip tables are generated. A dynamic O-D estimation and prediction procedure is developed to generate time-dependent O-D demand data for simulating vehicle movements using DynaTAIWAN: a simulation-assignment model. The empirical travel time data that were collected from electronic toll stations are used to validate the travel times that were predicted by the proposed models. The mean absolute percentage errors (RMSPEs) and root-mean-square percentage errors are less than 20% and 26% for the vehicle-based model and less than 10% and 12% for the flow-based model, respectively. The results show that the proposed algorithms predict reasonable travel times for traffic corridors.
|Journal||IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems|
|Publication status||Accepted/In press - 2012 Apr 18|
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Mechanical Engineering
- Automotive Engineering
- Computer Science Applications


text:
Oops, try again. Make sure to print each word from the user's text to the console unless that word is the word to be redacted; if it is, print REDACTED (all caps!).
Every word is redacted, not just the one I selected
puts "What is the text we will be evaluating? " text = gets.chomp puts "What word should we redact? " redact = gets.chomp words = text.split(" ") words.each do |word| if word = redact print "REDACTED " else print word + " " end end


SHOP ONLINE - QUICK PRODUCT FINDER
Shaft Lead A.K.A "Twist"
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Shaft Lead A.K.A "Twist"
Whitepapers On Whiteboard

EXPERT LEVEL:
3 of 5
LENGTH:
8:45
INSTRUCTOR:
Andrew Rommann

SUMMARY
For optimum performance of seals, the shaft surface texture must be optimal. A rough surface texture will cause the seal to wear out quickly, while a smooth texture will cause the seal to bed incorrectly. The shaft lead, also called twist, is formed during the manufacture of shafts and has to be ideally zero.
Andrew Rommann explains the different types of shaft lead, what it does to a sealing system, and methods to measure.
Click on the image to open in a New Tab.

VIDEO TRANSCRIPT
Shaft lead also known as twist. Shaft lead, if not well understood and defined on your specifications, can have a detrimental impact to the performance of a dynamic sealing system.
Typical rotary applications have an elastomeric sealing element interfacing with a rotating shaft. On the shaft surface, the characteristics are very important and critical to the proper operation of the sealing system. One of those characteristics is shaft lead.

Macro Shaft Lead
A typical manufacturing process may be the use of a single point tool against a rotating shaft where the tools actually traversing the surface of the shaft. This operation will result in a spiraling groove pattern around the circumference of the shaft. In this type of pattern, we refer to it as macro lead – has a continuous thread-like structure.

Micro Shaft Lead
An alternative process maybe traverse grinding.
In this case, we don't have a single point tool rather a stone with multiple points that contact the rotating shaft. The stone is still traversing along the surface of the shaft and it does result in micro lead. The threadlike structures are not continuous, but they do have a deviation from the circumferential direction of the surface of the shaft resulting in shaft lead.

Two Orientations of Shaft Lead
Shaft lead can have two orientations. It can be a right-hand orientation. Where it's shown here on the moving from the bottom right to the top left corner of the image and left-hand lead where you're actually the threadlike pattern is from the bottom left to the top right.

Results In A Sealing System
So what does this do in a sealing system?
Again, in a rotary sealing system, we have an elastomeric sealing element that is interfacing with a rotating shaft.
If we look closer at the surface of the shaft and in this illustration, I actually have drawn a right-hand lead type structure. We can see where the oil is in contact with the shaft surface and the sealing lip.
As the shaft rotates depending on the direction of rotation, it will actually transport oil from left to right or right to left. Because this is right-hand twist if we have a right-hand rotation – so the top of the shaft moving towards the bore – we will actually end up with movement of the oil from left to right. So in this case out of the sealed system resulting in leakage.
If we have left-hand rotation, so in this case, the top of the shaft moving out away from the bore you will result in movement from right to left. So left-hand transport. This will help retain the oil in the system.
However, if it's aggressive enough transportation of the oil it will actually result in a lack of proper lubrication at the interface between the sealing lip and the shaft surface could lead to premature wear of the sealing lip.

Twist, Rotation, Transport
 So again right-hand twist right-hand rotation – the transport is to the right. A right-hand twist with a left-hand rotation – the transportation is to the left.

String Method & Optical Method
So how can we measure and hopefully quantify shaft lead on an actual physical component? There are two major categories out there. There are a lot of different methods developed over the years, but the oldest and most well-known method is referred to as the string method or the thread method.
In this method, you mount a shaft in a rotating device. You drape a thread with a weight attached to it over the shaft. From the side view as you slowly rotate the shaft you may observe movement to the left or to the right from its original position.
If you do observe movement, you are observing that the shaft likely has lead. You cannot easily and precisely quantify accurately the amount of lead that exists in the shaft, but you can get a qualitative sense of whether or not you have left-hand or right-hand shaft lead.
A more precise and accurate method of measurement is using an optical method. In an optical method, you are creating a 3D mapping or 3D profiling of the entire surface of the shaft.
Software can then collect the data and process it to produce a representation of the effective shaft lead of the system.
The image on the left you can see as you move in the circumferential direction from 0 to 360 Degrees. You actually have axial movement along the shaft. In the one on the right-hand side you can see as you move from 0 to 360 Degrees, you actually have zero movement along the axial position of the shaft. This one we would refer to as having right hand lead this one having zero lead.
Using the optical methods, you can get a precise and accurate quantification of the lead angle, which can be useful when you are inspecting or qualifying components for a new product.

Industry Specifications
Some of the specifications that exist and are used in the industry that you may see include ISO 6194 – 1 and DIN 3760. Both of which specify zero lead. RMA OS-1-1 actually does tolerate lead to a very small level.
There are other specifications out there. There are also specifications that exist for most major OEMs where they have expanded on the information that's available in the industry standard specifications.

Conclusion

The main thing to remember is that if you are not aware of what your tolerances for shaft lead in your sealing system, or you're not aware of what your actual lead is, you could end up with performance issues that are not easy to identify the root cause.
And in many cases we find that in a situation where you're not able to identify the root cause of a sealing system failure in a rotating system – if it's not a tribute attributable to the elastomeric seal or to other obvious installation design issues – in some cases it's actually result of the presence of lead that is hard to detect and again not very well understood.
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text:
TURES COLUMN: Bipartisan support for low cost insulin
Published 9:30 am Tuesday, October 25, 2022
The Georgia Senate debate between the Rev. Raphael Warnock and former college football star Herschel Walker has garnered national attention, as well as a raging debate over insulin.
At the debate, when Democratic Senator Warnock touted policies designed to lower the price of insulin, something that was part of his party's Inflation Reduction Act. This led to a $35 cap on monthly insulin costs for those on Medicare. Warnock also noted that Walker said he would oppose the Inflation Reduction Act.
Walker countered with this statement. "I believe in reducing insulin but at the same time, you gotta eat right. I know many people that's on insulin. Unless you're eating right, insulin is doing you no good. So you have to get food prices down and you gotta get gas down so you can go get insulin," the GOP candidate said, leaving us to wonder what he meant by "reducing insulin" and "eating right."
Forbes cited Dr. Jasmine Clark, when she wrote "I think it's important to note, that most people that require insulin for diabetes have Type I Diabetes (formerly known as Juvenile Diabetes). Their bodies don't make insulin, usually since they were a child. They REQUIRE insulin to live. It has nothing to do with 'eating right'."
A doctor and patient confirmed to me the importance of insulin for survival for those with diabetes; that patient is a fellow runner like me (and ran the Peachtree Road Race), and eats healthy too.
People desperately need insulin to survive. USA Today reports that doctors are concerned that more than 1.3 million Americans are rationing their insulin in a desperate bid to live. According to Yahoo News, the Annals of Internal Medicine found that the number of people in dire insulin straits represent one out of five with this disease. It's not just about eating right.
I'm a big fan of eating healthy, but I also understand that not all Georgians have ready access to healthy food. There are some places that are "food deserts," where grocery stories are hard to come by. One of our LaGrange College graduates made his career about getting food from farms to make it available in low-income neighborhoods. But businesses like his are hard to come by. And not everyone lives near a Fresh Market or Trader Joe's.
Here's something else to consider. "One vial of insulin only costs between $2 and $10 to make, depending on the type, according to Verywell Health.
However, for consumers, one vial of insulin can cost between $50 and $1,000, and a pack of insulin pens can range from $45 to $600. So, if a vial of insulin goes for $1,000 and that insulin costs just $10 to make, that's a 100x markup for consumers".
With only three manufacturers and a competitive $22 billion industry, that's why 20 states, including red ones like Texas, Oklahoma, Alabama, Kentucky, Utah and West Virginia have already capped insulin prices, according to the American Diabetes Association. It's clear that many Americans, conservative and liberal, recognize how important low-cost insulin is, and how it is more than just a matter of just doing the diet right.