text:
SAMN partners with Financial Inclusion Forum – UK (FIF-UK) to bring the financial inclusion practitioners, regulators and investors from across the world together in a two-day conference in London, UK. This conference will allow structured interaction between the key stakeholders operating at the country, regional and global levels. It is envisaged that the conference will provide an opportunity to stakeholders to discuss challenges across the South Asian region, experiences on initiatives taken to address the challenges, build on lessons learnt by the different countries, and provide a common platform for donors, investors, research and development specialists for the region. This would also allow for exchange of ideas and optimal utilization of resources by channeling them to jointly develop products and technological solutions enabling practitioners to reduce cost and making financial services affordable to the poor despite the depth of poverty in the region.
1. Support from governments & donors to the civil society and private sector in increasing financial inclusion through Microfinance Organizations (MFOs) in South Asia. Read more
2. How Covid19 has impacted the eco system of financial inclusion, both MFOs and clients. Read more
3. Elephant in the room – climate change. Read more
4. Mobilizing Private Capital. Read more
The conference is scheduled to be held at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) – University of London, UK starting from Thursday, July 13th till Friday, July 14th, 2023.
The South Asia Micro-Entrepreneurs Network (SAMN) is a regional network aiming at enhancing capacity, financing and regional dialogue in the microfinance sector of South Asia. SAMN governance is composed of leading Apex Institutions from the countries of the region along with the Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development (ACTED). SAMN also partners with MFIs, Investors, Banks and other key microfinance stakeholders to fulfil its objectives.
SAMN was established in 2008 with a vision to improve financial inclusion among low-income population in the region. The early foundation of SAMN was laid by ACTED, a French INGO along with ACCESS Development Services and other regional and global microfinance stakeholders.


text:
If you go back into the history of the NY style, you will see that the basic NY style pizza was made using flour, water, fresh yeast and salt. The flour originally was all-purpose flour but over time pizza operators used bread flour and high-gluten flour as they became available and popular for that style. The bread flour and high-gluten flour were commonly bleached and bromated. Sometimes they were just called "pizza flour". There was no sugar or oil used in the dough, and the dough was mixed by hand (before Mr. Hobart invented the commercial mixer) and fermented at room temperature (commercial refrigeration had not yet been invented). Dry yeast products such as ADY and IDY had not yet been invented (IDY was invented just after World War II and IDY was invented in the 1970s), so the yeast used was fresh yeast. The pizzas were typically baked in high-temperature coal fired ovens. When deck ovens were invented and became commercially available, oil and sugar started to be added to the dough. When refrigeration became commercially viable for cold fermenting dough, it allowed pizza operators to make dough and be able to use it for more than one day. The end product pizzas were typically quite large, with 18" being typical. In some cases, they were even larger than 18".
Today, if you were to investigate what NY style pizza operators are doing, you would find that all of the above measures are being used by someone somewhere. However, over time, there has been a movement toward the use of high-gluten flours and the regular use of oil in the dough. The flour is most likely to be bleached and bromated. Sugar might also be added to the dough, especially if the dough is to be cold fermented for more than a few days. And dry yeast products are regularly used. Most of the NY style pizzas today are likely to be baked in deck ovens, although there are still coal-fired ovens being used to make the earlier NY style pizza, often called the "elite" style to differentiate those pizzas from the "NY street" style. The elite style pizzas come in the larger sizes although the NY street style pizzas can come in a wide range of sizes, including 12", 14", 16" and 18", with the most common size still being the 18" size. There is also a wide range of toppings for the NY street style and bake times also tend to be on the high side, much longer than would be used to make the Neapolitan style, which are typically baked in very high temperature wood-fired ovens with bake times of under about 2 minutes and often under a minute. Also, the Neapolitan style pizzas rarely get above 10"-12" in size. And, as John noted, the flour used for that style is usually an unbromated, unbleached, unmalted flour such as the 00 flour, there is no sugar or oil used in the dough, and the pizzas are sparsely topped. The sauce is typically made from Italian San Marzano tomatoes and the cheese can be fresh mozzarella cheese of buffalo mozzarella cheese. The NY style pizzas typically use canned domestic tomato products and processed mozzarella cheeses.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Reliability evaluation of interconnection network is important to the design and maintenance of multiprocessor systems. Extra connectivity and conditional diagnosability are two crucial subjects for a multiprocessor system's ability to tolerate and diagnose faulty processors. However, the extra connectivity and conditional diagnosability of many well-known networks have been independently investigated. Fault diagnosis of general regular graph is more meaningful than that of special graph. In this paper, the relationship between extra connectivity and conditional diagnosability of regular graphs is explored. First, we determine that the conditional diagnosability under the PMC model equals 3-extra connectivity plus 1 or 3-extra connectivity plus 2. Finally, we give empirical analysis on extra connectivity and conditional diagnosability of some graphs by our proposed relationship.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Theoretical Computer Science
- Computer Networks and Communications
- Computational Theory and Mathematics
- Applied Mathematics

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Customize Bus Object Import and Export
You can use the Bus Editor to import bus objects to the base workspace and to export bus objects from the base workspace, as described in Save and Import Bus Objects. By default, the Bus Editor can save bus objects to, and import bus objects from, a MATLAB® code file or MAT-file. The files must be in a location that is accessible using an ordinary Open or Save dialog box.
You can write customized MATLAB functions that provide alternative import or export (or both) functionality. For example, you can write a customized function that stores the objects as records in a database, in a format that your organization uses.
After you design and implement a custom bus object import or export function, use the Simulink® Customization Manager to register the function. The registration process establishes custom import and export functions as callbacks for the Bus Editor Import to Base Workspace and Export to File commands. The callbacks replace the default capabilities of the Bus Editor. Customizing the Bus Editor import and export capabilities has no effect on other MATLAB or Simulink functions. Canceling import or export customization restores the default Bus Editor capabilities for that operation without affecting the other.
Required Background Knowledge
Customizing bus object import or export requires that you understand:
 - MATLAB language and programming techniques
 - Simulink bus object syntax
 - The proprietary format into which you translate bus objects, and the techniques necessary to access the facility that stores the objects.
 - Any platform-specific techniques for obtaining data from the user, such as the name of the location in which to store or access bus objects.
Write a Bus Object Export Function
A custom bus object export function requires at least one argument. You can use additional arguments to handle special actions by the function. The value of the first argument is a cell array containing the names of all bus objects that the Bus Editor has selected. You can use functions, global variables, or any other MATLAB technique, to provide values for any additional arguments. The general algorithm of a customized export function is:
 1. Iterate over the list of object names in the first argument.
 2. Obtain the bus object corresponding to each name.
 3. Translate the bus object to the proprietary syntax.
 4. Save the translated bus object in the local repository.
This example shows the syntactic shell of such an export callback function is:
function myExportCallBack(selectedBusObjects)
disp('Custom export was called!');
for idx = 1:length(selectedBusObjects)
 disp([selectedBusObjects{idx}'was selected for export.']);
Although this function does not export any bus objects, it is syntactically valid and can be registered. It accepts a cell array of bus object names, iterates over them, and prints each name. An operational export function:
 - Uses each name to retrieve the corresponding bus object from the base workspace
 - Converts the object to proprietary format
 - Stores the converted object
The additional logic is enterprise-specific.
Write a Bus Object Import Function
A custom bus object import function can take zero or more arguments to perform its task. You can use functions, global variables, or any other MATLAB technique to provide argument values. Also, the function can poll the user for information, such as a designation of where to obtain bus object information. The general algorithm of a custom bus object import function is:
 1. Obtain bus object information from the local repository.
 2. Translate each bus object definition to a Simulink.Bus object.
 3. Save each bus object to the MATLAB base workspace.
This example shows the syntactic shell of an import callback function is:
function myImportCallBack
disp('Custom import was called!');
Although this function does not import any bus objects, it is syntactically valid and can be registered with the Simulink Customization Manager. An operational import function:
 - Gets a designation of where to obtain the bus objects to import
 - Converts each bus object to a Simulink.Bus object
 - Stores the object in the base workspace
The additional logic is enterprise-specific.
Register Customizations
To customize bus object import or export, provide a customization registration function that inputs and configures the Customization Manager whenever you start Simulink software or refresh Simulink customizations. The steps for using a customization registration function are:
 1. Create a file named sl_customization.m to contain the customization registration function. Alternatively, you can use an existing customization file.
 2. At the top of the file, create a function named sl_customization that takes a single argument (or use the customization function in an existing file). When the function is invoked, the value of this argument is the Customization Manager.
 3. Configure the sl_customization function to set importCallbackFcn and exportCallbackFcn to be function handles that specify your customized bus object import and export functions.
 4. If sl_customization.m is a new customization file, put it anywhere on the MATLAB search path. Two frequently used locations are matlabroot and the current working folder. Alternatively, you can extend the search path.
Here is a simple example of a customization registration function:
function sl_customization(cm)
disp('My customization file was loaded.');
cm.BusEditorCustomizer.importCallbackFcn = _USER_;
cm.BusEditorCustomizer.exportCallbackFcn = @(x)myExportCallBack(x);
When Simulink starts up, it traverses the MATLAB search path looking for files named sl_customization.m. Simulink loads each such file that it finds (not just the first file) and executes the sl_customization function at its top, establishing the customizations that the function specifies.
Executing the example customization function displays a message (which an actual function probably would not). The function establishes that the Bus Editor uses a function named myImportCallBack() to import bus objects, and a function named myExportCallBack(x) to export bus objects.
The function corresponding to a handle that appears in a callback registration can be undefined when the registration occurs. However, it must be defined when the Bus Editor calls the function. The same latitude and requirement applies to any functions or global variables used to provide the values of additional arguments.
Other functions can also exist in the sl_customization.m file. However, the Simulink software ignores files named sl_customization.m, except when it starts up or refreshes customizations. Any changes to functions in the customization file are ignored until one of those events occurs. By contrast, changes to other MATLAB code files on the MATLAB path take effect immediately.
For more information, see Registering Customizations.
Change Customizations
You can change the handles established in the sl_customization function by:
 - Changing the function to specify the changed handles
 - Saving the function
 - Refreshing customizations by executing sl_refresh_customizations
Simulink traverses the MATLAB path and reloads all sl_customization.m files that it finds, executing the first function in each one, just as it did on Simulink startup.
You can revert to default import or export behavior by setting in the sl_customization function the appropriate BusEditorCustomizer element to [] and then refreshing customizations. Alternatively, you can eliminate both customizations in one operation by executing:
where cm was previously set to a customization manager object (see Register Customizations).
Changes to the import and export callback functions themselves, as distinct from changes to the handles that register them as customizations, take effect immediately, unless they are in the sl_customization.m file itself. If the callback functions are in the sl_customization.m file, they take effect next time you refresh customizations. Keeping the callback functions in separate files usually provides more flexible and modular results.
See Also
Related Examples
Was this topic helpful?


text:
The UK-German Connection's Instant Impact programme provides grants of up to £1,500 for first-time visits between UK-German school and youth partnerships.
To be eligible for funding at least 75% of the time during the visit must be spent taking part in interactive and educational joint activity between young people from the UK and German partner institutions. The focus should be on collaboration, joint learning, discussion and reflection and there should be a commitment to the sustainability of the link with concrete plans for follow-up and development. Grants can support costs such as travel, accommodation and project resources and will be a part-contribution to the overall costs. Applicants must contribute at least 25% of the overall eligible activity costs through participants' contributions and other sources of funding.
Applications can be submitted at any time but should be for activities that are at least six weeks ahead.


How to Export Your Mozilla Firefox History as a Dataframe in R
The goal of this post is to export a Mozilla Firefox Browser history and import in R as a dataframe.
Browser history data
Firefox saves your browsing history in a file called places.sqlite. This file contains several tables, like bookmarks, favicons or the history.
To get a dataframe with visited websites, you need two tables from the sqlite file:
 1. moz_historyvisits: it contains all websites you visited with time and date. All websites have an id instead of a readable URL.
 2. moz_places: it contains the translation of the websites id and its actual URL.
More on the database schema:
Import the data into R
sqlite files can be imported with the package RSQLite.
First, find the places.sqlite on your computer. You can get the path, by visiting about:support in Firefox and looking for the Profiles directory.
# connect to database
 dbname = "path/to/places.sqlite",
# get all tables
tables <- dbListTables(con)
# remove internal tables
tables <- tables[tables!= "sqlite_sequence"]
# create a list of dataframes
list_of_df <- purrr::map(tables, ~{
 dbGetQuery(conn = con, statement=paste0("SELECT * FROM '",.x, "'"))
# get the list of dataframes some names
names(list_of_df) <- tables
Extract browser history
Next, we extract the two tables with the information we need, join them and keep only the visited url, the time and the URL id.
There are two caveats:
 1. The timestamps are saved in the PRTime format, which is basically an unix timestamp and you have to convert it in a human-readable format
 2. Extract the domain of a URL using the urltools package, e.g. getting instead of
# get the two dataframes
history <- list_of_df[["moz_historyvisits"]]
urls <- list_of_df[["moz_places"]]
df <- left_join(history, urls, by = c("place_id" = "id")) %>%
 select(place_id, url, visit_date) %>%
 # convert the unix timestamp
 mutate(date = as.POSIXct(as.numeric(visit_date)/_PHONE_, origin = '1970-01-01', tz = 'GMT'),
 # extract the domains from the URL, e.g. '' instead of ''
 domain = str_remove(urltools::domain(url), "www\\."))
2 Kommentare
Hans 2. März 2021 Antworten
Thank you for this interesting post.
Minor comment: For the very last command to execute, I had to load two more packages.
Package dplyr is needed for the command mutate.
Package stringr is needed for the command str_remove.
Katharina 21. März 2021 Antworten
Indeed! 'tidyverse' is my base R 😀
Schreibe einen Kommentar zu Katharina Antworten abbrechen


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City of Alexandria, VA
History of the Alexandria's Human Rights Code
On March 25, 1975, Alexandria City Council passed one of the first human rights ordinances in Virginia.
The Code, which became effective April 21, 1975, prohibited discrimination in employment, housing, public accommodation, credit, health and social services, education and city contracts on the basis of race, color, sex, age, religion, national origin, ancestry, marital status, or physical handicap.
Throughout the years, a number of changes have expanded the reach of the Code. In 1988, the Code was amended to include sexual orientation as a protected class; in 1991, the Code was amended to include fair housing protection for families with children, and the protection for the "physically handicapped" was expanded to cover all disabilities. Last, amendments to the Code in 1996 prohibited discriminatory practices in commercial real estate.


text:
- Town Departments
- Find information about animal adoptions, rabies vaccinations and more.
- Animal Control
- Find information about building inspections, commercial and residential codes and more.
- Building Inspections
- Find information about Town codes and common violations.
- Code Enforcement
- Find information on parks, recreation activities, recycling and trash services.
- Community Service
- Find court schedules, policies, procedures and payment information.
- Find information on planning and zoning ordinances, new developments, and more.
- Development Services
- Visit the Sunnyvale Economic Development website.
- Economic Development
- Find information about the Town's annual budget and other financial information.
- Find information about fire, emergency and rescue services in Sunnyvale.
- Find current employment opportunities and information about working for the Town of Sunnyvale.
- Human Resources
- Find information about the Sunnyvale's public library.
- Find information from the Dallas Sheriff's Department on public safety in Sunnyvale.
- Public Safety
- Find information on establishing water service, utility billing, payments and more.
- Public Works
- Find information about property taxes and payments.
- Tax Assessor
- Find contact information, mission, goals and objectives of the Town's executive officer.
- Town Manager
- Find official Town documents, such as Council agendas and minutes, elections, and taxes.
- Town Secretary

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
|Look up calque in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.|
In linguistics, a calque (//) or loan translation is a word or phrase borrowed from another language by literal word-for-word or root-for-root translation. When used as a verb, "to calque" means to borrow a word or phrase from another language while translating its components, so as to create a new lexeme in the target language. For instance, the English word "skyscraper" led to calques in dozens of other languages. Another notable example is the Latin weekday names, which came to be associated by ancient Germanic speakers with their own gods following a practice known as interpretatio germanica: the Latin "Day of Mercury", Mercurii dies, was borrowed into Late Proto-Germanic as the "Day of Wōđanaz" (*Wodanesdag), which became Wōdnesdæg in Old English, then "Wednesday" in Modern English.
The term calque itself is a loanword from the French noun calque ("tracing, imitation, close copy"), while the word loanword is a calque of the German noun Lehnwort. Calquing is distinct from phono-semantic matching: while calquing includes semantic translation, it does not consist of phonetic matching—i.e., of retaining the approximate sound of the borrowed word by matching it with a similar-sounding pre-existing word or morpheme in the target language.
Proving that a word is a calque sometimes requires more documentation than does an untranslated loanword because, in some cases, a similar phrase might have arisen in both languages independently. This is less likely to be the case when the grammar of the proposed calque is quite different from that of the borrowing language, or when the calque contains less obvious imagery.
One system classifies calques into five groups. However, this terminology is not universal:
- Phraseological calques: idiomatic phrases are translated word for word. For example, "it goes without saying" calques the French ça va sans dire.
- Syntactic calques: syntactic functions or constructions of the source language are imitated in the target language, in violation of their meaning.
- Loan-translations: words are translated morpheme by morpheme, or component by component, into another language.
- Semantic calques (also known as semantic loans): additional meanings of the source word are transferred to the word with the same primary meaning in the target language. As described below, the "computer mouse" was named in English for its resemblance to the animal; many other languages have extended their own native word for "mouse" to include the computer mouse.
- Morphological calques: the inflection of a word is transferred. Some authors call a this a morpheme-by-morpheme translation.
Also, some linguists refer to a phonological calque, in which the pronunciation of a word is imitated in the other language. For example, the English word "radar" becomes the similar-sounding Chinese word 雷达 (pinyin: léidá)., which literally means "to arrive (as fast) as thunder".
Partial calques, or loan blends, translate some parts of a compound but not others. For example, the name of the Irish digital television service "Saorview" is a partial calque of that of the UK service "Freeview", translating the first half of the word from English to Irish but leaving the second half unchanged. Other examples include "liverwurst" (< German Leberwurst) and "apple strudel" (< German Apfelstrudel).
The common English phrase "flea market" is a loan translation of the French marché aux puces ("market with fleas"). At least 22 other languages also calque the French expression (directly, or indirectly through some other language).
Another example of a common morpheme-by-morpheme loan-translation, is of the English word "skyscraper", which may be calqued using the word for "sky" or "cloud" and the word, variously, for "scraping", "scratching", "piercing", "sweeping", "kissing", etc. At least 54 languages have their own versions of the English word.
translātiō and trāductiō
All Germanic languages (except for English, Icelandic, and Dutch), and some Slavic languages, calqued their words for "translation" from the Latin translātiō, substituting their respective Germanic or Slavic root words for the Latin roots. The remaining Slavic languages instead calqued their words for "translation" from an alternative Latin word, trāductiō, itself derived from trādūcō ("to lead across" or "to bring across")—from trans ("across") + dūcō, ("to lead" or "to bring").
The West and East Slavic languages (except for Russian) adopted the translātiō pattern, whereas Russian and the South Slavic languages adopted the trāductiō pattern. The Romance languages, deriving directly from Latin, did not need to calque their equivalent words for "translation". Instead, they simply adapted the second of the two alternative Latin words, trāductiō.
The English verb "to translate" was borrowed from the Latin translātiō, rather than being calqued. The Icelandic word þýða ("translate"; cognate with the German deuten, "to interpret") was not calqued from Latin, nor was it borrowed.
The "computer mouse" was named in English for its resemblance to the animal. Many other languages use their word for "mouse" for the "computer mouse", sometimes using a diminutive or, in Chinese, adding the word "cursor" (thus "鼠标", "mouse cursor").. At least 35 languages have their own versions of the English term.
- Gachelin, Jean-Marc (1986). Lexique-grammaire, domaine anglais. Université de Saint-Etienne. p. 97. ISBN 978-2-901559-14-6.
- Simek, Rudolf (1993). Dictionary of northern mythology. D.S. Brewer. p. 371. ISBN 0-85991-369-4.
- Knapp, Robbin D. 27 January 2011. "Robb: German English Words." Robb: Human Languages.
- Zuckermann, Ghil'ad (2003). Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-1723-X.
- Smith, May. The Influence of French on Eighteenth-century Literary Russian. pp. 29–30.
- Fowler, H. W. 1999. "Vocabulary § Foreign Words." chap. 1 in The King's English (2nd ed.). New York: Bartelby.com.
- Gilliot, Claude. "The Authorship of the Qur'ān." In The Qur'an in its Historical Context, edited by G. S. Reynolds. p. 97.
- Yihua, Zhang, and Guo Qiping. 2010. "An Ideal Specialised Lexicography for Learners in China based on English-Chinese Specialised Dictionaries." Pp. 171–92 in Specialised Dictionaries for Learners, edited by P. A. F. Olivera. Berlin: de Gruyter. p. 187.
- Durkin, Philip. The Oxford Guide to Etymology. § 5.1.4
- "flea market", The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, fourth edition, 2000 Archived 2007-03-11 at the Wayback Machine
- The 22 languages are listed in the 3:30, 12 September 2020 edition of the "Calque" article.
- The 54 languages are listed in the 3:30, 12 September 2020 edition of the "Calque" article.
- Christopher Kasparek, "The Translator's Endless Toil", The Polish Review, vol. XXVIII, no. 2, 1983, p. 83.
- "Þýða í Enska - Íslenska-Enska Orðabók". Glosbe. Retrieved 2020-04-25.
- The 35 languages are listed in the 3:30, 12 September 2020 edition of the "Calque" article.
- Kasparek, Christopher. 1983. "The Translator's Endless Toil." The Polish Review 28(2):83–87.
- Robb: German English Words germanenglishwords.com
- Zuckermann, Ghil'ad. 2003. Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-1723-X
- —— 2009. "Hybridity versus Revivability: Multiple Causation, Forms and Patterns." Journal of Language Contact (2):40–67.
|Look up calque in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.|
|For a list of words relating to Calque, see the English calques category of words in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.|


text:
The Historic Resources and Museum Program (HRM Program) is excited to offer new opportunities for summer camps and groups to visit our sites and museums this year! From historic trolley tours and wax seal making to planning your own city and discovering artifacts, there are so many different ways to explore Raleigh's history this summer! Get all the details here.
The Pope House Museum is open Saturdays from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. and Sundays from 1 to 4 p.m.
Tours are first come, first served. Please call _PHONE_ for more information
Donations are appreciated.
Admission to the museum is free.
The museum features original artifacts from the Pope family.
The Pope House is not currently available for rentals.
As the only African-American house museum in the state of North Carolina, the Pope House offers a glimpse into the life of one of Raleigh's most intriguing citizens, Dr. Manassa Thomas Pope, who was the only African-American man to run for mayor of a Southern capital in the midst of the Jim Crow Era.
The house features original furnishings to the family and many historical artifacts giving insight into a remarkable man and family.
Dating to the 1860s, the Pope House Museum Collection totals over 3,000 artifacts which give insight into the life of one of the leading African-American families in Raleigh in the early 1900s. From Dr. Pope's father's freedman papers to his voter registration card to his original doctor's bag from the Spanish-American War, the collection boasts a wide range of material culture.
Educational opportunities at the Pope House are offered as part of the City of Raleigh Museum Education Programs. Our goal is to provide a variety of hands-on programs that will engage students and get them excited about their local history.


Decimal Trading
DEFINITION of 'Decimal Trading'
A system in which the price of a security is quoted using a decimal format rather than fractions. For example, a decimal trading quote would be $56.25; using fractions, the same quote would appear as $56¼. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) ordered all stock markets within the U.S. to convert to decimals by April 9, 2001. Prior to 2001, markets in the United States utilized fractions in price quotes. Since decimalization, all quotes appear in the decimal trading format.
BREAKING DOWN 'Decimal Trading'
Decimalization has led to tighter spreads since smaller price movements can be accounted for. For example, prior to decimalization, one-sixteenth (1/16) of $1 was the minimum price movement represented in a price quote (this is equal to $0.0625).
With decimalization, the minimum price movement is 1 cent for stocks over $1, providing a greater number of price levels and allowing for tighter spreads between the bid and the ask levels for trading instruments.
 1. Quoted Price
 The most recent price at which an investment (or any other type...
 2. Ask
 3. Bid
 4. Bid-Ask Spread
 5. Decimalization
 A system where security prices are quoted using a decimal format...
 6. Futures Market
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text:
Recently, saving the cooling power in servers by controlling the fan speed has attracted considerable attention because of the increasing demand for high-density servers. This paper presents an optimal self-tuning proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, combining a PID neural network (PIDNN) with fan-power-based optimization in the transient-state temperature response in the time domain, for a server fan cooling system. Because the thermal model of the cooling system is nonlinear and complex, a server mockup system simulating a 1U rack server was constructed and a fan power model was created using a third-order nonlinear curve fit to determine the cooling power consumption by the fan speed control. PIDNN with a time domain criterion is used to tune all online and optimized PID gains. The proposed controller was validated through experiments of step response when the server operated from the low to high power state. The results show that up to 14% of a server's fan cooling power can be saved if the fan control permits a slight temperature response overshoot in the electronic components, which may provide a time-saving strategy for tuning the PID controller to control the server fan speed during low fan power consumption.
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited


text:
(Phys.org) -- Researchers in Britain are confused by the mute swans of Abbotsbury Swannery. They lay four to ten eggs during a laying cycle which lasts generally a couple of days. During that time, they sometimes sit on the eggs laid up to that point, but not long enough to cause the eggs to begin incubation; that doesnt start until all of the eggs have been laid. So why do they bother at all beforehand? It seems like a waste of energy, which birds as a general rule, tend to avoid. Thats what this new research aims to find out. The group have taken a real egg, sawed off one end and fitted it inside with electronics embedded in rubbery silicon.
The electronics consist of an accelerometer to measure movement, a radio signal generator, a thermometer to find out just how much heat the birds are offering to the eggs both before all are laid and after and a chip to do all the conversions. The end product is good enough to fool the swans and thereby give the researchers a way to measure what goes on with the egg, something that could not be done any other way. The egg sends data to a remote computer eight times a second, where the information is analyzed and stored.
The swannery in Abbotsbury has hosted swans, scientists believe, for over a thousand years and is unique in that its the only mute swan colony that is managed by humans. Its also a tourist attraction. Because of that, the swans are used to people and dont grow flustered and leave when they come around. The colony typically supports over 600 swans of which generally just a hundred and fifty are part of mutual pairings. Nesting swans are generally quite territorial leading to nests that are rather far apart. In Abbotsbury, thats not possible, so the birds sometimes lose track of young as they wander into the nests of others nearby. Back in the 1500s the swans were eaten at special events by monks from the Benedictine monastery at St. Peter's.
In addition to figuring out why the birds roost before laying all their eggs, the researchers hope to learn more about the process by which cygnets hatch in general.
Explore further: Swans help explain evolutionary question


Trustable Communication Between Mathematics Systems
Jacques Carette, William M. Farmer, Jérémie Wajs
This paper presents a rigorous, unified framework for facilitating communication between mathematics systems. A mathematics system is given one or more interfaces which offer deductive and computational services to other mathematics systems. To achieve communication between systems, a client interface is linked to a server interface by an asymmetric connection consisting of a pair of translations. Answers to requests are trustable in the sense that they are correct provided a small set of prescribed conditions are satisfied. The framework is robust with respect to interface extension and can process requests for abstract services, where the server interface is not fully specified.


text:
Outdoor Activity Tracker
By transitioning their Mile-A-Day program to a mobile app, Come Alive Outside was able to automatically measure distance and use gamification concepts like points, streaks and badges to improve user adoption and program completion rates.
Programs the first year
User growth over the first year
Increase in reported participation the first year vs the previous year
Appivo built a comprehensive solution consisting of a mobile application for users and a web interface for program administration. Come Alive Outside is able to manage users and teams, launch programs with different goals, track usage and encourage users. Users of the mobile app are able to track their walks, view individual and team leader boards, unlock badges and send encouraging notes to each other.
The brainstorming process started by analyzing the original paper-based program and processes, taking into account rules and any required flexibility. While translating the program for the digital world, processes were optimized to improve the experience of both program administrators and participants.
The design process focused on simplicity and ease-of-use, as well as ensuring that the mobile app would be visually appealing and inline with Come Alive Outside's brand. Understanding the user types was key, as the app needed to resonate with children, adults, and adults entering data for their children. The iterative design process progressed from sketches to wireframes to full-color mockups.
The comprehensive design effort resulted in a strong roadmap for the development team to follow. The iterative development process started with the administrative web interface before moving on to the mobile app. The final development phase consisted of an internal test run and the completion of a few final tasks before launching to an initial group of participants.


text: The moon is a marvel. It pulls the tides and its phases help us track the passage of time. So let's knit a cowl inspired by the moon. We can pretend each stitch is a tiny handcrafted crater. We'll knit in the round, so the path of our stitches honors the moon's orbit. This cowl is double-sided (half black and half white) so that when you wear it, you can reverse it just the right amount to match the current phase of the moon.


text:
|Syntactic Confectionery Delight|
Re: Counter - number of tags per intervalby LanX (Chancellor)
|on May 04, 2013 at 22:08 UTC||Need Help??|
Just another idea based on tuning your current algorithm which is quite clever! (Well after being understood - you know my opinion about clear naming ;-)
After analyzing the numbers you provided, I suppose that intersections of different ranges are comparatively rare and if they appear they stretch over long distances.
So it doesn't really make sense to go into the count loop for each individual point, just go on counting the "1" till you reach the next "boundary" and add them collectively to your counter instead incrementing them one by one with++.
The boundaries are nothing else as the sorted list of range starts-1 and stops. In your example for ID "b"
this means [9,11,15].
and results in the following flow
As you see, you can also stop counting between ranges and even try to jump forward in the file with seek.
3e6 Intervals/50 IDs *2 Borders = 120000 Borders
6e9 Points / ID
=> in average 6e9/12e4=50000 points between two adjacent borders, where you can avoid the whole count loop.
This should lead to a considerable boost!
( addicted to the Perl Programming Language)


text:
Designing a metering system
From Electrical Installation Guide
This article intends to describe a method to design the energy measurement system of a commercial building.
The scope of this article covers all WAGES consumptions in "non critical" buildings. Critical buildings such as hospitals, data centers have specific requirements regarding power quality that are not covered here.
The method involves 2 steps :
The step Project Definition shall be realized with the future users of the system and lead to define what are the performance metrics that will be part of the users dashboards.
Step 2 : Design of the different components of the measurement system
The purpose of the measurement system design is to ensure that the data collected will correspond to the desired analysis and results. This will allow the operation managers to monitor & control the building according to their objectives.
This will help to avoid :
- insufficient data to enable building consumptions analysis
- Too much measured and collected data that are never used. However the investment cost to collect these data and the data storage cost is not negligible and could have been used for other energy efficiency actions.
This step is split in 2 parts :
- Define the points of measurement
Some examples of usual point of measurements for:
- Select the meters
- Select the electrical meters
- Select the gas meters
- Select the water meters
- Select the heat and cold meters
- Select the temperature sensors


text:
This paper explores the tradeoffs between domestic and productive uses of biomass energy sources in the Nile Basin of Ethiopia using a non -‐separable farm household model where labor and other input allocations to energy collection and farming are analyzed simultaneously.
Search resultsShowing items 1 through 9 of 1.
Library ResourceConference Papers & ReportsDecember, 2015Eastern Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa, Ethiopia
Land Library Search
Through our robust search engine, you can search for any item of the over 61,500 highly curated resources in the Land Library.
If you would like to find an overview of what is possible, feel free to peruse the Search Guide.


text:
If you want to learn a cool easy effect in iMovie, the picture in picture effect is one of those. You know when you watch a news report and see a reporter talk about something going on in the world. Well the majority of the time, you'll see either a picture or video of that event on part of the screen. That's basically what the picture in picture effect does. It adds a video or picture over the top of another video so that they can both be played and seen at the same time.
You're probably thinking that the picture in picture effect must be difficult to achieve in a basic editing program like iMovie. Well guess what? You're in luck! It's super easy and this iMovie picture in picture tutorial video will show you exactly what I mean.
iMovie Picture in Picture Tutorial Video
Now that you've watched this video you should be ready to add the picture in picture effect to any video you create. That is if it needs it of course. Here's a recap of the steps to remember:
iMovie Picture in Picture Tutorial Steps
1. As always, start a new project.
2. Add a video or picture to your project.
3. Find another video or picture and drag it directly over the top of the first clip or picture you added to your project.
4. Select "Picture in Picture" in the list of options.
5. Make the proper adjustments to that clip. (Resize and move the clip or picture where you want it on the screen).
6. Finally, hit done.
Just like that you have learned how to use the picture in picture effect in iMovie. Don't be surprised either when you realize how much you use this effect for a variety of things in iMovie.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I know that an infinite set can be partitioned into 2 infinite subsets.
Can one partition an infinite set into finitely many infinite subsets?
share|improve this question
Are you asking that given an infinite set, can that set be partitioned into $n$ infinite sets for all $n$? – ferson2020 Jan 30 '13 at 16:26
In fact, you can also partition it into infinitely many infinite sets. For example, with the set $\mathbb N$, you can let $A_n=\{k\in\mathbb N\mid k=2^nm\text{ with }m\text{ odd}\}$ for $n=0,1,2,\ldots$ – Hagen von Eitzen Jan 30 '13 at 16:30
Let $n$ be given. Partition the integers into those that are multiples of $n$, those that leave a remainder of 1 when divided by $n$, those that leave a remainder of 2 when divided by $n$,... and those that leave a remainder of $n-1$ when divided by $n$. – MJD Jan 30 '13 at 17:20
2 Answers 2
Well, if you can do it with 2, you can keep partitioning one of them.
share|improve this answer
Ok, thanks Andreas. – student Jan 30 '13 at 16:26
Of course. We do it by induction.
Theorem: If $A$ is an infinite set and $n>0$ is a natural number then we can write $A$ as a disjoint union of $n$ infinite sets.
Proof. For $n=1$ this is obvious, so we actually start with $n=2$.
For $n=2$ we can do it because every infinite set can be split into two infinite sets.
Suppose that we can split $A$ into $n$ parts, $A_1,\ldots, A_n$. Each is infinite, split $A_n$ into $B$ and $C$, and so the partition $A_1,\ldots,A_{n-1},B,C$ is a partition of $A$ into $n+1$ parts. $\square$
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
The energy flow in a piezoelectric vibration energy harvester (VEH) involves both the mechanical domain and the electrical domain. To better understand the vibration-piezoelectricity coupling of this device, a unified description approach based on the bond graph is proposed to analyze the influence of the piezoelectric VEH parameters on the electricity harvesting performance in the energy conversion. Both the mechanical structure and the electric circuit are modeled using the bond graph. The present method is applied to analyze the parametric configuration of a piezoelectric VEH, which is further tested on an experimental platform. The results show that the unified model using the bond-graph is well-suited for analyzing the vibration-piezoelectricity coupling. The proposed method can advance the design optimization of piezoelectric VEHs.
About this article
07 February 2012
14 May 2012
30 June 2012
vibration energy harvesting
Copyright © 2012 Vibroengineering
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


NoCloud#
The data source NoCloud allows the user to provide user-data and meta-data to the instance without running a network service (or even without having a network at all).
You can provide meta-data and user-data to a local vm boot via files on a vfat or iso9660 filesystem. The filesystem volume label must be cidata or CIDATA.
Alternatively, you can provide meta-data via kernel command line or SMBIOS "serial number" option. The data must be passed in the form of a string:
ds=nocloud[;key=val;key=val]
or
ds=nocloud-net[;key=val;key=val]
The permitted keys are:
 - h or local-hostname
 - i or instance-id
 - s or seedfrom
With ds=nocloud, the seedfrom value must start with / or file://. With ds=nocloud-net, the seedfrom value must start with http:// or https://.
e.g. you can pass this option to QEMU:
-smbios type=1,serial=ds=nocloud-net;s=http://10.10.0.1:8000/
to cause NoCloud to fetch the full meta-data from http://10.10.0.1:8000/meta-data after the network initialization is complete.
These user-data and meta-data files are expected to be in the following format.
/user-data
/meta-data
Both files are required to be present for it to be considered a valid seed ISO.
Basically, user-data is simply user-data and meta-data is a YAML formatted file representing what you'd find in the EC2 metadata service.
You may also optionally provide a vendor-data file in the following format.
/vendor-data
Given a disk ubuntu cloud image in 'disk.img', you can create a sufficient disk by following the example below.
## 1) create user-data and meta-data files that will be used
## to modify image on first boot
$ echo -e "instance-id: iid-local01\nlocal-hostname: cloudimg" > meta-data
$ echo -e "#cloud-config\npassword: passw0rd\nchpasswd: { expire: False }\nssh_pwauth: True\n" > user-data
## 2a) create a disk to attach with some user-data and meta-data
$ genisoimage -output seed.iso -volid cidata -joliet -rock user-data meta-data
## 2b) alternatively, create a vfat filesystem with same files
## $ truncate --size 2M seed.iso
## $ mkfs.vfat -n cidata seed.iso
## 2b) option 1: mount and copy files
## $ sudo mount -t vfat seed.iso /mnt
## $ sudo cp user-data meta-data /mnt
## $ sudo umount /mnt
## 2b) option 2: the mtools package provides mcopy, which can access vfat
## filesystems without mounting them
## $ mcopy -oi seed.iso user-data meta-data
## 3) create a new qcow image to boot, backed by your original image
$ qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b disk.img -F qcow2 boot-disk.img
## 4) boot the image and login as 'ubuntu' with password 'passw0rd'
## note, passw0rd was set as password through the user-data above,
## there is no password set on these images.
$ kvm -m 256 \
 -net nic -net user,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22 \
 -drive file=boot-disk.img,if=virtio \
 -drive driver=raw,file=seed.iso,if=virtio
Note: that the instance-id provided (iid-local01 above) is what is used to determine if this is "first boot". So if you are making updates to user-data you will also have to change that, or start the disk fresh.
Also, you can inject an /etc/network/interfaces file by providing the content for that file in the network-interfaces field of metadata.
Example metadata:
instance-id: iid-abcdefg
network-interfaces: |
 iface eth0 inet static
 address 192.168.1.10
 network 192.168.1.0
 netmask 255.255.255.0
 broadcast 192.168.1.255
 gateway 192.168.1.254
hostname: myhost
Network configuration can also be provided to cloud-init in either Networking Config Version 1 or Networking Config Version 2 by providing that YAML formatted data in a file named network-config. If found, this file will override a network-interfaces file.
See an example below. Note specifically that this file does not have a top level network key as it is already assumed to be network configuration based on the filename.
version: 1
config:
 - type: physical
 name: interface0
 mac_address: "52:54:00:12:34:00"
 subnets:
 - type: static
 address: 192.168.1.10
 netmask: 255.255.255.0
 gateway: 192.168.1.254
version: 2
ethernets:
 interface0:
 match:
 macaddress: "52:54:00:12:34:00"
 set-name: interface0
 addresses:
 - 192.168.1.10/255.255.255.0
 gateway4: 192.168.1.254


text:
Integrate with Saba
Questionmark Perception version 5 assessments are fully interoperable with Saba Learning. This interoperability relies on existing learning standards and is easy to accomplish. Saba users can launch Perception assessments from within the Saba software and Perception will provide analysis and statistics reports, while Saba controls the participant data. Perception relays assessment results (time, score, and completion) to Saba through AICC communication.
For information on how to configure Perception version 5 and Saba Learning please refer to How can I call Perception assessments from Saba Learning?


text:
How to calculate unit weight of steel bar ? By Afroz Civil Summary D ia. of bar in mm Weight of bar in Kg 6mm 0.222Kg 8mm 0.395 Kg 10mm 0.616 Kg 12mm 0.888 Kg 16mm 1.578 Kg 20mm 2.466 Kg 25mm 3.853 Kg 32mm 6.313 Kg 40mm 9.865 Kg Formula for calculate Weight of steel bar per metre length. *Weight =(Diameter of steel bar ) 2 /162 Kg/m * Here , Explanation ◆ What is Steel? Steel is the most versatile commonly used structural material. The essential elements in steel are metallic iron and the element non-metallic carbon, with small quantities of other elements such as silicon, nickel, manganese, chromium and copper. It is thus an alloy. Though steel is usuall
Showing posts with the label How to Calculate Unit Weight Of Steel Bar ?


text:
Neel-Schaffer helps facilitate smoother boat launches at the 'Rez'
Neel-Schaffer provided design and bidding services for the procurement and installation of a floating breakwater system to protect the Madison Landing Boat Launch facility from wave action that often makes launching recreational water craft difficult and hazardous.
Madison Landing is a recreational boat launch on the Ross Barnett Reservoir in Madison County, MS, that is operated by the Pearl River Valley Water Supply District. The $395,000 construction project, completed in Summer of 2018, provides two segments of floating concrete breakwater systems, totaling 263 feet in length, to protect the boat launch from wind-generated waves. The breakwater system is comprised of several sections of floating concrete sections connected together to form the longer segment. The sections are constructed of reinforced concrete surrounding a core made of expanded polystyrene floatation material.
The system is anchored by 12-inch steel piles driven into the soils of the lake bed. Navigation lights will help boaters locate the openings in the breakwater and avoid running into the floating units.
The project was made challenging by the fact that the boat launch and associated parking area needed to remain open to the public throughout construction. The Mississippi Department of Wildlife and Fisheries grant that provided the funds for construction required short deadlines for completion. Specialized coastal engineering expertise was required to analyze the wave/wind conditions that occur at the site. This project is the first of its kind on the Ross Barnett Reservoir.


text:
"A prototype of the battery-powered armor stopped a 7.62mm rifle round in a test to see how well it could stop bullets. The Raytheon team that built the battery says it can power military vehicles' electronics without running the engine, reducing the need for costly and dangerous fuel convoys."
Raytheon, one of the world's-largest military contractors, says it has developed a new type of vehicle armor that also doubles as a battery.
There's a big payoff for batteries that can stop bullets, the company says. Even as it can protect those in combat, it can also lighten their load by reducing the need for fuel convoys and lessening the need for engine run times.
First described in a 2015 patent—"Method and apparatus for armor having integrated battery power"—the armor was designed with multiple layers of electrical conductors, like what's called high-hardened steel with ceramic insulators, that happen to also be bullet-resistant.
That means, Raytheon claims, that while bullets can't penetrate the armor, power can go right through it.
The armor is said to be able to stop a 7.62mm sniper-rifle round. And even if a bullet penetrates the battery, only the affected cell will cease working while the others will continue to provide electricity.
Raytheon says the batteries are meant to store energy generated by the motion of the military vehicles. That means crews can switch to battery power when they stop moving, avoiding the necessity to keep the engine running simply to keep all the onboard electronics powered up.
Read more at Fast Company
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text:
"A Finite Length Bearing Correction Factor for Short Bearing Theory,"
A rapid method for calculating the general nonlinear response of finite-length plain journal and squeeze film damper bearings is presented. The method incorporates a finite length correction factor which modifies the nonlinear forces obtained from short bearing theory. The steady-state rotational, precessive squeeze, and radial squeeze forces obtained with the correction factor compare extremely well with the forces obtained from an analytic solution of Reynolds equation using a variational approach up to L/D of 1.25 and hence covers the most commonly encountered L/D ratios. The method is no more time consuming than the short bearing analysis and is especially suited to nonlinear transient analysis of flexible rotors.


text: We consider a hypercube view to perceive the label space of multilabel classification problems geometrically. The view allows us not only to unify many existing multilabel classification approaches but also design a novel algorithm, principal label space transformation (PLST), that captures key correlations between labels before learning. The simple and efficient PLST relies on only singular value decomposition as the key step. We derive the theoretical guarantee of PLST and evaluate its empirical performance using real-world data sets. Experimental results demonstrate that PLST is faster than the traditional binary relevance approach and is superior to the modern compressive sensing approach in terms of both accuracy and efficiency.


text:
In this paper, a model for predicting the quantum efficiency and responsivity of silicon based solid state photodiodes is presented. The model is first developed using semiconductor theory and then implemented in a computer software program. Correct operation of the modeling program is verified by comparing the published reflectance curves of several silicon dioxide-silicon substrate samples with the reflectance curves produced by the modeling program. Next, a system capable of measuring photodiode quantum efficiency and responsivity is presented and used to measure quantum efficiency and responsivity for a photodiode specimen. Finally, the measured and modeled quantum efficiency and responsivity results for the photodiode specimen are compared and found to be in good agreement.
Library of Congress Subject Headings
Optoelectronic devices--Testing; Diodes, Semiconductor--Testing; Light absorption--Computer simulation
Department, Program, or Center
Electrical Engineering (KGCOE)
Philbrick, Robert H., "Modeling of light absorption in solid state imagers" (1990). Thesis. Rochester Institute of Technology. Accessed from
RIT – Main Campus


How do I resolve Error 4320?
An attempt to log in without proper administrator rights or User Access Control permissions may result in error 4320 ("Operator or Administrator has refused the request").
Follow these instructions to ensure you have proper User Access Control permissions on the host computer you are attempting to access. This will allow you to access the host computer even if you are unable to be added as an administrator at the operating system level.
 3. Under User Access Control, click Show details....
 Result: The User Access Control window is displayed.
 4. Under Users, select your user name from the list. You may need to browse for additional users.
 Tip: For example, if you sign in using a Computer Access Code, you may need to add the user named LogMeInRemoteUser: Click Browse > List users of selected domain and find LogMeInRemoteUser on the list.
 5. Under Edit Selected User, you must select at least the Login permission to resolve the 4320 error.
 Result: For details on User Access Control permissions, see How to Specify User Access Rights.
 6. Save your changes.
If you need to make changes to multiple hosts in a domain, see Securing Hosts on Your Domain.


text:
Advertising of Therapeutic Goods in Australia
A comprehensive system of controls operates federally across Australia to regulate the advertising of therapeutic goods. This system comprises three integrated levels of regulation - government regulation, co-regulation and self regulation. These complex controls are in place because therapeutic goods are not ordinary items of commerce and it is particularly important that any marketing of them is socially responsible, encourages only appropriate use of products and does not mislead or deceive.
The key components of the advertising controls are:
- advertising codes
- advertising approval requirements
- complaint mechanisms
- self-monitoring activities
Therapeutic goods include medical devices and all medicines, be they over-the-counter medicines or complementary medicines. Only medicines that are unscheduled, schedule 2, or schedule 3 and in Appendix H of the Poisons Standard, may be advertised to consumers. It is illegal to refer to prescription products/substances in advertisements for therapeutic goods directed to consumers.


text:
Bd. V. Pârvan, Nr. 4, 300223 Timişoara, România
Departamentul de Matematica, Universitatea de Vest din Timişoara
Symmetries of the Maxwell–Bloch Equations with the Rotating Wave Approximation
2014, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 548-555
In this paper a symplectic realization for the Maxwell–Bloch equations with the rotating wave approximation is given, which also leads to a Lagrangian formulation. We show how Lie point symmetries generate a third constant of motion for the dynamical system considered.


text:
Social environmental influences on the development of fighting behavior in male mice were studied with respect to two types of factors: the necessary conspecific interactions; and the critical age of such interactions. Males housed with females fought as much as isolated males, but males housed with males or with a group of males and females fought much less, indicating that the lack of male-male interactions causes the increased "isolation-induced" fighting in the test situation. Males isolated or housed with females for 1 mo showed similar fighting tendencies whether the isolation occurred during the second month of age or during the third month of age. This suggests that the early juvenile age is not the critical point in development of fighting, rather that isolation from other males can increase fighting of male mice at juvenile as well as at adult ages.
ASJC Scopus subject areas


text:
The Thief's Game
300 years ago the noble houses of the great city Talon's Reach nearly destroyed themselves in a House War. To stop further bloodshed the king of Talon's Reach called together a court to be held to put an end to the war. The five surviving houses eventually agreed to a truce.
Inside the peace treaty was a clause however, commonly called "The Sliver Lining." While direct confrontation between the houses was outlawed, the houses would use the still young Thieves guild to carry out their intrigue. Such Contracts became the norm, and even remotely successful thieves became celebrities. Today the Peace Treaty continues to exist, as people from all over the Talon's Reach come to the local guild to play the Thief's Game.


Skip navigation
2019
Elytron currently supports aggregate security realms which are an aggregate of an authentication-realm and one or more authorization-realms. The authentication-realm is used to load the credentials of an identity or perform evidence verification and the authorization-realms are used to load the identity's attributes used for authorization. The principal undergoes a series of transformations before being used to load the authentication identity from the aggregate-realm.

The aggregate-realm now supports the attribute principal-transformer. This attribute is optional and allows the user to configure an additional transformation for the principal to undergo after the authentication identity is loaded but before the authorization identity is loaded.

The principal-transformer attribute references a transformer defined in the mappers configuration. This transformer can then be used when configuring an aggregate realm.

This blog post will be making use of:

elytron-examples/aggregate-realm-principal-transformer at master · wildfly-security-incubator/elytron-examples · GitHub

This example shows how to configure an aggregate-realm with a principal-transformer and how to secure a webapp using the aggregated realm for authentication and authorization.

Configuring the server

A WildFly CLI script that contains all of the commands that are used in this example can be found in the aggregate-realm-principal-transformer project in the elytron-examples repository.

Our first step will be to create our authentication and authorization realms, both of which will be filesystem realms.

The following command will create the authentication realm:

/subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=authenticationRealm:add(path=authenticationFS,relative-to=jboss.server.config.dir,encoded=false)

We will then add the identity with the name "guest" and password "guestPwd1!" to the authentication realm:

/subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=authenticationRealm:add-identity(identity="guest")

/subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=authenticationRealm:set-password(identity="guest", clear={password="guestPwd1!"})

Next, we create our authorization realm and add an identity with the name "guest-attributes" and the attribute 'Roles=Users':

/subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=authorizationRealm:add(path=authorizationFS,relative-to=jboss.server.config.dir,encoded=false)

/subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=authorizationRealm:add-identity(identity="guest-attributes")

/subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=authorizationRealm:add-identity-attribute(identity="guest-attributes",name=Roles,value=[Users])

We now have our two realms to be aggregated: authenticationRealm to load the credentials for the identity and authorizationRealm to load the attributes used for authorization. However, the principal for the identities is different for the two realms! To remedy this, we can add a constant principal transformer which will always return the principal "guest-attributes":

/subsystem=elytron/constant-principal-transformer=constantTransformer:add(constant="guest-attributes")

We can then configure our aggregate realm using our two new filesystem realms and principal transformer:

/subsystem=elytron/aggregate-realm=aggregateRealm:add(authentication-realm=authenticationRealm,authorization-realm=authorizationRealm,principal-transformer=constantTransformer)

Now our aggregate realm will use the principal "guest" to load the credentials from the authentication realm and then transform the principal to "guest-attributes" to load the attributes from the authorization realm.

We then add a security domain which makes use of our aggregate realm:

/subsystem=elytron/security-domain=simpleDomain:add(realms=[{realm=aggregateRealm}],default-realm=aggregateRealm,permission-mapper=default-permission-mapper)

We also configure a http-authentication-factory to secure our web application with our new domain:

/subsystem=elytron/http-authentication-factory=http-auth:add(http-server-mechanism-factory=global,security-domain=simpleDomain,mechanism-configurations=[{mechanism-name=BASIC,mechanism-realm-configurations=[{realm-name=other}]}])

/subsystem=undertow/application-security-domain=other:add(http-authentication-factory=http-auth)

Finally, we reload the server:

reload

Note: There is now the option to aggregate the attributes of an identity from multiple authorization realms. The principal used for all the authorization realms will be the same one (i.e. the transformed principal if a principal transformer is defined).

Deploying and accessing the application

We're going to make use of the simple-webapp project. This application allows you to access a secured servlet if your identity has the attribute Roles=Users. It can be deployed using the following commands:

cd $PATH_TO_ELYTRON_EXAMPLES/simple-webapp
mvn clean install wildfly:deploy

You can access the application at http://localhost:8080/simple-webapp/.
Try logging in with the username: "guest" and password: "guestPwd1!"
You are successfully authorized to access the secured application, which means our transformer worked and the attribute Roles=Users was successfully loaded from the authorization-realm using the principal that was transformed from 'guest' to 'guest-attributes'.

Summary
This blog post has shown how to use the new optional attribute principal-transformer in an aggregate-realm to transform the principal between the authentication-realm and authorization-realm.

For more information on aggregate realms checkout:

wildfly/Aggregate_Security_Realm.adoc at master · wildfly/wildfly · GitHub
The Elytron Client allows remote clients to authenticate using Elytron. The configurations for these clients can be specified in two ways: using an XML configuration file or using a programmatic approach.

With WildFly 18, it is now possible to specify masked passwords as credential passwords and key store passwords for client authentication.

This blog post will demonstrate how to generate a masked password using the WildFly PasswordFactory and how to use this masked password as a credential in the authentication client using the two configuration methods.

Generating a Masked Password

A masked password consists of the following attributes:

 - 'algorithm' The algorithm used to encrypt the password. If this attribute is not specified, the default value is "masked-MD5-DES".
 - 'key-material' The initial key material used to encrypt the password. If this attribute is not specified, the default value is "somearbitrarycrazystringthatdoesnotmatter".
 - 'iteration-count' The iteration count used to encrypt the password. This attribute is required.
 - 'salt' The salt used to encrypt the password. This attribute is required.
 - 'masked-password' The base64 encrypted password (without the "MASK-" prefix).
 - 'initialization-vector' The initialization vector used to encrypt the password. This attribute is optional.

A list of the supported algorithms can be found at Passwords.

For our example, we will be generating a masked-MD5-DES type password. We can generate this password as follows:

static final Provider ELYTRON_PROVIDER = new WildFlyElytronProvider();
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
 String algorithm = "masked-MD5-DES";
 char[] keyMaterial = "somearbitrarycrazystringthatdoesnotmatter".toCharArray();
 byte[] salt = "_PHONE_".getBytes();
 int iterationCount = 100;
 String clearPassword = "password1!";
 byte[] initializationVector = null;
 PasswordFactory passwordFactory = PasswordFactory.getInstance(algorithm, ELYTRON_PROVIDER);
 MaskedPasswordAlgorithmSpec maskedAlgorithmSpec = new MaskedPasswordAlgorithmSpec(key, iterationCount, salt);
 EncryptablePasswordSpec encryptableSpec = new EncryptablePasswordSpec(clearPassword.toCharArray(), maskedAlgorithmSpec);
 MaskedPassword original = (MaskedPassword) passwordFactory.generatePassword(encryptableSpec);
 MaskedPasswordSpec maskedPasswordSpec = new MaskedPasswordSpec(keyMaterial, iterationCount, salt, masked);

 //Get the masked password as a string
 String maskedPassword = ByteIterator.ofBytes(maskedPasswordSpec.getMaskedPasswordBytes()).base64Encode().drainToString();
 System.out.println(String.format("Masked Password: " + maskedPassword));
 //Verify the masked password


TODAY in Masonic History:
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Clarence Don Clark is Born
Today in Masonic History Clarence Don Clark is born in 1851.
Clarence Don Clark was an American politician.
Clark was born on April 16th, 1851 in Sandy Creek, New York. He attended the University of Iowa where he studied law. After graduation he passed the bar in 1874. He began practicing law and teaching in Manchester, Iowa.
In 1881, Clark moved his family to Evanston, Wyoming where he continued to practice law. In 1882 he became the county attorney for Uinta County. He held the position until 1884.
In 1889, Clark was a delegate to the Wyoming Constitutional Convention. In 1890 he was elected as a Republican to the United States House of Representatives. He served there until 1893, having lost his reelection bid in 1892.
In a special election, Clark was elected in 1895 to fill a vacancy for a United States Senate seat. He served until 1917, three terms not counting the original partial term, until he lost his reelection in 1916. After losing his reelection he began practicing law in Washington, D.C.
In 1919, Clark was appointed to the International Joint Commission. The joint commission was setup between the United States and Canada, its purpose is to help prevent and resolve disputes about the use and quality of boundary waters and to advise Canada and the United States on questions about water resources. He was the chairman of the commission from 1923 to 1929 when he retired.
After retiring he returned to Evanston, Wyoming where he passed away on November 18th, 1930.
Clark was a member of Evanston Lodge No. 4 in Evanston, Wyoming. He was also a member of Evanston Chapter No. 2, Royal Arch Masons and Albert Pike Commandery, Knights Templar both of which are in Evanston. Clark was also a member of the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite and received his 33 on October 22nd, 1897.


text:
Matokeo ya kidato cha pili Tanga 2022 – Matokeo ya kidato cha pili Tanga 2022
Matokeo ya kidato cha pili Tanga 2022 – Matokeo ya kidato cha pili Tanga 2022; Tanzania's form two results for the 2022/2023 academic year will soon be released and students
across the country are eagerly awaiting the outcome. This is a crucial moment in the lives of many young people in Tanzania, It is a time of great anticipation, but also one of intense pressure, as students hope to achieve the best possible results. With the right amount of preparation and hard work, students can make sure they are well-prepared to handle the challenge of the form two results. The results will open up new opportunities and help students to get one step closer to achieving their dreams.
Form two results are an important milestone in any student's academic journey. Students in Tanzania who are awaiting the results of their form two examinations for the 2022/2023 school year can take comfort in knowing that their hard work and dedication will pay off. With the right approach, students can achieve success in their exams and make the most of their results. This article will provide an overview of the Form Two Results 2022/2023 Tanzania, including what they mean, how they are determined, and how they can be used to further a student's academic goals.
The quantification for grade ranges at FTNA results shall be as follows
75 – 100 = A – indicating excellent
60 – 74 = B+ – indicating very good
50 – 59 = B – indicating food
40 – 49 = C – indicating average
30 – 39 = D – indicating satisfactory
20 – 29 = E – indicating unsatisfactory
0 – 19 = F – indicating fail
The weight for each grade shall be A= 5, B+ = 4, B=3, C = 2, D = 1, E = 0.5 and F = 0
Grades A, B+, B and C shall be regarded as credit while D shall be regarded as the lowest pass.
Grades E and F shall not be considered in calculating GPA.
How to check form two results Tanga | steps to view Form two necta 2022 Results Tanga
Use this article to download full pdf in form two results 2022/2023
_TAG_ 01;Turn on Internet data in your phone or computer
_TAG_ 02; Log in to chrome or opera then click _URL_
_TAG_ 03; If you are on a special necta website Search the area labeled FTNA results
_TAG_ 04; Then click the FTNA results area
##When you are on the page make sure you click on the area marked Matokeo ya kidato cha pili 2022/2023 necta or Form two necta format 2022 Results
How to Check Form Two results Via SMS
_TAG_ 01; Go to your phone write message and type <> example#rank* S0130*ftna*2020 (Send SMS to 15311)
The process Cost per SMS is Tshs 200/= This service is only available for Tigo, Vodacom and Zantel subscribers.
_TAG_ 03; Final you can check your results
About form two National Assessment examination tanzania
The Form Two National Assessment examination is conducted every year in Tanzania. It is a key step in advancing students' reading and writing skills and also covers their knowledge of other subjects like Basic mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Geography, History, English, Kiswahili, Civics, Biology, And other subjects
The National Examinations Council of Tanzania (NECTA) is a Government Institution which was established by the Parliamentary Act No. 21 of 1973. NECTA is responsible for the administration of all National Examinations in Tanzania.
The decision to establish NECTA was a follow-up of an earlier move, in April 1971, when Tanzania Mainland pulled out of the East African Examinations Council (EAEC) to conduct her own examinations. Zanzibar pulled out of EAEC in 1970. Before the pull out, between 1968 and 1971, Tanzania sat for foreign Secondary School Examinations conducted jointly by the East African Syndicate, which before then were conducted by the Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate alone. The Examinations conducted by the Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate then were the School Certificate and the Higher School Certificate Examinations. The School Certificate Examinations was taken by the African Students for the first time in 1947 and that of the Higher School Certificate in 1960.
Summary of NECTA's History
After Tanzania Mainland had pulled out of the East African Examinations Council, in 1971 and before NECTA was established by Law, in 1973, the Curriculum and Examinations Section of the Ministry of Education was responsible for all examinations. With the establishment of NECTA, the Examinations became its responsibility in accordance with the law. The Curriculum continued to be under the Ministry of Education and the University College, Tanga until when it was taken over by the newly established, autonomous Institute of Curriculum Development (ICD) in 1975, which in 1993 was renamed as the Tanzania Institute of Education (TIE).
Between 1972 and 1976 the first staff of NECTA were recruited, among them was Mr. P. P Gandye who was recruited in 1972 and later on in 1994 was appointed as Executive Secretary. The other staff members continued to be recruited and especially so when NECTA's premises moved from the Ministry of Education Headquarters to the present premises at Kijitonyama near Mwenge. Presently the number of NECTA's staff is more than 250.


text:
Explain the meaning of Tc, Cc, Tm and Cm in the following memory system specification.
Tc = 100 ns
Cc = 10^(-4) $/bit
Tm = 1200 ns
Cm = 10^(-4) $/bit
a. Calculate the cost of 1 MByte of main memory using the above parameters.
b. What is the cost of 1 MByte of cache memory?
c. If the effective access time is 10% greater than the cache access time, what would be the hit ratio (H)?
Tc = cache access time = 100 ns
Tm = main memory access time = 1200 ns
Cc = cost of cache memory = 10^(-4) $/bit
Cm = cost of main memory = 10^(-4) $/bit
a. Cost of 1 MByte of main memory (considering no cache memory)
= 1 MByte * 8 bits/Byte * Cm $/bit
= 2^20 * 8 * 10^(-4) $
The solution considers that in case of a cache miss, first the content is brought from main memory into the cache and then access proceeds as if there was a cache hit. It also gives the effective access time (EAT) expression if it is not the case.


text:
If you have a bunch of commands that you use frequently, you may want to keep them more accessible within PowerPoint 2016 by customizing your Quick Access Toolbar. You populate the QAT with commands you use often. Over a period, these customizations may become a valuable asset you want to save or share. Let us explore these scenarios:
- What do you do if you need to change your computer, and rather than customize again from scratch, you wonder if there's a way to move your existing customizations?
- Or if you want to replicate your QAT customizations on another existing computer? Maybe you want the same customizations on both your desktop and laptop.
- You may also want to share your QAT customizations with your friends and colleagues.
- You may want to make a backup of your customizations, just in case!
- On the other hand, you probably want to go into the reverse direction because you need to hand over your computer to someone else, so you may want to reset your QAT to the default state, devoid of all your customizations.
Yes, you can do all this and more. If you want to reset, export, or import your QAT customizations, follow these steps:
- Launch PowerPoint 2016 and access PowerPoint Options dialog box. There are two ways to access these options. The easiest way is to right-click anywhere on the Ribbon or the QAT, and choose the Customize Quick Access Toolbar option, as shown highlighted in red within Figure 1.
Figure 1: Customize Quick Access Toolbar option
- Alternatively, access the File menu and choose Options (highlighted in blue within Figure 2).
Figure 2: Options within File menu
- Either way, this opens the PowerPoint Options dialog box, as shown in Figure 3. Make sure you choose the Quick Access Toolbar option within the sidebar. This shows the relevant options on the right side of the dialog box (refer to Figure 3 again). All the options we will explore in this tutorial are within the Customizations area, highlighted in red within Figure 3, below.
Figure 3: PowerPoint Options dialog box
- Let us first explore how you can import and export the QAT customizations. To do so, click the Import/Export button (highlighted in red within Figure 4, below). From the resultant drop-down menu, select the Export all customizations option (highlighted in blue within Figure 4) to export your QAT customizations.
Figure 4: Export all customizations option is selected
- This brings up the File Save dialog box, as shown in Figure 5. Provide a name and location, and click the Save button.
Figure 5: File Save dialog box
- You import customizations in the same way. Access the drop-down menu as explained in Step 3, and choose the Import customization file option, as shown highlighted in blue within Figure 6.
Figure 6: Import customization file option to be selected
- This opens the File Open dialog box, as shown in Figure 7. Here, navigate and locate your (.exportedUI) file, and select it. When done, click the Open button.
Figure 7: File Open dialog box
- This will bring up a Microsoft Office window, as shown in Figure 8. Click the Yes button to replace all existing Quick Access Toolbar customizations.
Figure 8: Microsoft Office window
- This will change all the customizations to match the ones taken from the imported file.
- To reset, click the Reset button (highlighted in red within Figure 9). The resultant drop-down menu provides two options to reset any customizations done, as shown highlighted in blue within Figure 9.
- The Reset only Quick Access Toolbar option will only reset the customization of the QAT.
- The Reset all customizations option resets all the customization done for your Ribbon tabs as well as the QAT. This is like restoring the Ribbon tabs and QAT to the state when you used PowerPoint the first time after installation.
Figure 9: Reset drop-down menu
- Click the OK button to apply changes made within the PowerPoint Options dialog box, and go back to the PowerPoint interface. Alternatively, press the Cancel button to go back without making any changes.
Reset, Export, and Import QAT Customizations in PowerPoint 365 for Windows
Reset, Export, and Import QAT Customizations in PowerPoint 365 for Mac
Reset, Export, and Import QAT Customizations in PowerPoint 2019 for Windows
Reset, Export, and Import QAT Customizations in PowerPoint 2016 for Mac
Reset, Export, and Import QAT Customizations in PowerPoint 2013 for Windows


text:
Biography & Family History Add details
Henry Southard, Jr. (1734 - 1813) was born in ca. 1734 at Long Island City, Queens, New York, United States,. He was born into the Southard family.
Henry had no relationships. Henry died on January 11, 1813 at Elkin, Surry, North Carolina, United States, at age 79. He was buried in Hempstead, Queens, New York,.
This genealogy of Henry Southard, Jr.'s past is a collaborative effort by the AncientFaces community Contribute facts about Henry to reach the people who knew him. Some common things we would like to know about Henry's genealogy:
- Who was Henrys family?
- What did Henry look like? Add some photos of their life.
History of Henry Southard, Jr. Add details
- Given name
- Southard family history
- at Long Island City, Queens, New York, United States,
- at Elkin, Surry, North Carolina, United States,
- Burial / Funeral
- Hempstead, Queens, New York,
Obituary Add details
No one has entered info regarding Henry Southard, Jr.'s obituary records. You can add obituary information about Henry Southard, Jr. by clicking "Add Details".
Share your memories below with the rest of Henry's family. We'll notify anyone else who is searching for Henry of your message.


Apama 10.3 | Apama Documentation | Using Apama with Software AG Designer | Using Query Designer | Creating queries in Query Designer | Adding query parameters

Adding query parameters
A query can specify one or more parameters. Parameters enable a query definition to function as a template for multiple query instances. A query that defines parameters is referred to as a parameterized query. An instance of a parameterized query is referred to as a parameterization.
A parameterized query offers the following benefits:
*Patterns of interest may be customized from a single generic query. This can significantly reduce the amount of code that needs to be written and maintained.
*Parameterizations exist only at runtime. There is no need to maintain a file for each instance.
*Parameters can be used throughout the query in which they are defined. For example, you can use them in the definition of inputs, in find actions, and in user-defined actions. Values do not need to be hardcoded.
You can add zero, one, or more parameters to a query.
For more information about how the use of parameters affect queries, see Query lifetime.
* To add a parameter to a query
1. In the Query Designer Parameters pane, click the plus sign to add a new parameter.
2. In the Parameters pane, in the Name field, enter an identifier for the parameter.
An identifier can include lowercase a-z, uppercase A-Z, digits, dollar sign, and underscore. An identifier cannot start with a digit and cannot include any other special characters.
3. Select the type of the parameter. A drop down in the Parameters pane provides the list of valid types applicable.
Query Designer displays the new parameter in a row in the Parameters pane. To modify the parameter, select it and then click the field to edit in the Parameters pane. To remove the parameter, select it and then click the Delete icon . Also, the new parameter is immediately added to the source code in the parameters section of the query definition. If you modify the parameter definition in the Source tab this is reflected in the Parameters pane in the Design tab.
Copyright © 2013-2018 | Software AG, Darmstadt, Germany and/or Software AG USA, Inc., Reston, VA, USA, and/or its subsidiaries and/or its affiliates and/or their licensors.


Western food dessert etiquette
At the end of the meal is
Western-style food dessert embellishment was called complete Western-style food, and dessert variety often eat sweets pudding, mousse, jelly, fruit etc..
pudding with eggs, milk, candy and a variety of fruits, dried fruit evenly baked. Such as: Kesi have pudding, raisin pudding.
class is a kind of Jiamusi making delicate ingredients in the mold made of food, many traditional dairy products, meat products, and fish development. Such as: pineapple, strawberry mousse Mousse cream.
jelly, such as cocoa jelly.
other classes, such as: chocolate Fuli su.
Western-style food to eat, if you eat dessert, there is no what etiquette is worth noting? Do not underestimate a little dessert to eat up, there are still a lot of etiquette, following a study small finishing on Western-style food dessert eating etiquette, for your reference.
1. ice cream
eat ice cream generally use a spoon. When eating with a cake or pie or as part of a meal, use a dessert fork and a dessert spoon
2. pie
usually use forks to eat fruit pies. But if the owner provides you with a fork and a dessert spoon, then use a fork to fix the pie, digging with a spoon to eat. Use a fork to eat a pie, unless the pie is ice cream, in this case, fork, spoon to use. If you're eating a cream pie, you'd better use a fork instead of a hand. To prevent the stuffing from leaking from the other end.
if the food can be used as a meat fork, if it is for dessert, use a spoon.
4. stewed fruit
use a spoon to eat stewed fruit, but you can use a fork to hold the fruit. The core of Mei Gan, Li Pu cherry, face to spit into the spoon and put in the tray.
5. boiled pear
use spoon and fork. With the fixed vertical fork spoon pear, pear dug convenient edible pieces.
fork can also be used to rotate the pear, so as to dig the pear meat. If there is only a spoon, hand rotating plate, the pear in the dish, with a spoon to scoop out the juice.


text:
January 2011 in Network Rail and Suppliers
Trees overhanging the line in Scotland are a concern for one reporter. It has been noted that large trees overhang the line between Dunkeld & Birnam station and Inverness, creating a tunnel effect in some areas.
It is felt by the reporter that Network Rail have done very little to address the issue, even since a train struck a tree in the area on 7 September. The reporter would like to see the affecting trees in the area removed before snowfall increases the risk of trees/branches fouling the line. Please comment.
The tree that was struck in the Dunkeld area had come from
beyond Network Rail's boundary. On the day in question our Lineside
Engineer attended on site and identified other trees that were at
risk and subsequently these have been removed.
Network Rail has commissioned a national lineside survey that is surveying all trees within and beyond our boundaries. This survey ranks all trees deemed to be at risk and then these are removed within a defined timescale. The route in question is currently having this survey carried out.
Over and above the national lineside survey Network Rail has a robust inspection and reporting regime in place to manage lineside vegetation and issues arising from these inspections.
Network Rail works closely with government agencies; local councils and Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA). Prior to any tree cutting works, we also make certain that our lineside neighbours are advised when all tree cutting takes place.


text: AbstractThe irreversible curing reaction of thermosetting epoxy asphalt mixture (EAM) brings challenges to the construction of epoxy asphalt concrete (EAC) on the steel bridge deck, and the curing reaction degree (CRD) of EAM before compaction has a great influence on the compaction quality. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of excessive CRD condition and uneven CRD condition of warm mix EAC on its field compaction. To achieve this goal, a field compaction model for EAC on a steel bridge deck was developed using discrete-element method (DEM) first. In the DEM model, a two-stage contact model that combined Burges model with the parallel bond model was used to characterize the thermosetting and viscoelastic behaviors of EAM, and the values of the contact model's parameters under different CRDs were determined by a trial calculation method based on Superpave gyratory compaction test. Subsequently, the field compaction process of cured EAM with different CRDs was simulated by changing the contact parameters' value, and the effects of excessive CRD condition and uneven CRD condition on the compaction quality were analyzed. Results show that the highly cured EAM is hard to be compacted unless larger compaction loads are adopted in the repeated compaction. Uneven CRD of EAM is prone to generate the mixture agglomeration, and it has negative effects on the compaction quality of the surrounding EAM.


Logo: Relish
 1. Sign in
Project: RSpec Core 3.8
Bisect
 - @with-clean-spec-opts
RSpec's --order random and --seed options help surface flickering examples that only fail when one or more other examples are executed first. It can be very difficult to isolate the exact combination of examples that triggers the failure. The --bisect flag helps solve that problem.
Pass the --bisect option (in addition to --seed and any other options) and RSpec will repeatedly run subsets of your suite in order to isolate the minimal set of examples that reproduce the same failures.
At any point during the bisect run, you can hit ctrl-c to abort and it will provide you with the most minimal reproduction command it has discovered so far.
To get more detailed output (particularly useful if you want to report a bug with bisect), use --bisect=verbose.
Background
Given
a file named "lib/calculator.rb" with:
class Calculator
 def self.add(x, y)
 x + y
 end
end
And
a file named "spec/calculator_1_spec.rb" with:
require 'calculator'
RSpec.describe "Calculator" do
 it 'adds numbers' do
 expect(Calculator.add(1, 2)).to eq(3)
 end
end
And
files "spec/calculator_2_spec.rb" through "spec/calculator_9_spec.rb" with an unrelated passing spec in each file
And
a file named "spec/calculator_10_spec.rb" with:
require 'calculator'
RSpec.describe "Monkey patched Calculator" do
 it 'does screwy math' do
 # monkey patching Calculator affects examples that are
 # executed after this one!
 def Calculator.add(x, y)
 x - y
 end
 expect(Calculator.add(5, 10)).to eq(-5)
 end
end
Scenarios
Use '--bisect' flag to create a minimal repro case for the ordering dependency
When
I run rspec --seed 1234
Then
the output should contain "10 examples, 1 failure"
When
I run rspec --seed 1234 --bisect
Then
bisect should succeed with output like:
Bisect started using options: "--seed 1234"
Running suite to find failures... (0.16755 seconds)
Starting bisect with 1 failing example and 9 non-failing examples.
Checking that failure(s) are order-dependent... failure appears to be order-dependent
Round 1: bisecting over non-failing examples 1-9 .. ignoring examples 6-9 (0.30166 seconds)
Round 2: bisecting over non-failing examples 1-5 .. ignoring examples 4-5 (0.30306 seconds)
Round 3: bisecting over non-failing examples 1-3 .. ignoring example 3 (0.33292 seconds)
Round 4: bisecting over non-failing examples 1-2 . ignoring example 1 (0.16476 seconds)
Bisect complete! Reduced necessary non-failing examples from 9 to 1 in 1.26 seconds.
The minimal reproduction command is:
 rspec ./spec/calculator_10_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_1_spec.rb[1:1] --seed 1234
When
I run rspec ./spec/calculator_10_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_1_spec.rb[1:1] --seed 1234
Then
the output should contain "2 examples, 1 failure"
Ctrl-C can be used to abort the bisect early and get the most minimal command it has discovered so far
When
I run rspec --seed 1234 --bisect and abort in the middle with ctrl-c
Then
bisect should fail with output like:
Bisect started using options: "--seed 1234"
Running suite to find failures... (0.17102 seconds)
Starting bisect with 1 failing example and 9 non-failing examples.
Checking that failure(s) are order-dependent... failure appears to be order-dependent
Round 1: bisecting over non-failing examples 1-9 .. ignoring examples 6-9 (0.32943 seconds)
Round 2: bisecting over non-failing examples 1-5 .. ignoring examples 4-5 (0.3154 seconds)
Round 3: bisecting over non-failing examples 1-3 .. ignoring example 3 (0.2175 seconds)
Bisect aborted!
The most minimal reproduction command discovered so far is:
 rspec ./spec/calculator_10_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_1_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_3_spec.rb[1:1] --seed 1234
When
I run rspec ./spec/calculator_10_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_1_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_3_spec.rb[1:1] --seed 1234
Then
the output should contain "3 examples, 1 failure"
Use '--bisect=verbose' to enable verbose debug mode for more detail
When
I run rspec --seed 1234 --bisect=verbose
Then
bisect should succeed with output like:
Bisect started using options: "--seed 1234" and bisect runner: :fork
Running suite to find failures... (0.16528 seconds)
 - Failing examples (1):
 - ./spec/calculator_1_spec.rb[1:1]
 - Non-failing examples (9):
 - ./spec/calculator_10_spec.rb[1:1]
 - ./spec/calculator_2_spec.rb[1:1]
 - ./spec/calculator_3_spec.rb[1:1]
 - ./spec/calculator_4_spec.rb[1:1]
 - ./spec/calculator_5_spec.rb[1:1]
 - ./spec/calculator_6_spec.rb[1:1]
 - ./spec/calculator_7_spec.rb[1:1]
 - ./spec/calculator_8_spec.rb[1:1]
 - ./spec/calculator_9_spec.rb[1:1]
Checking that failure(s) are order-dependent..
 - Running: rspec ./spec/calculator_1_spec.rb[1:1] --seed 1234 (n.nnnn seconds)
 - Failure appears to be order-dependent
Round 1: bisecting over non-failing examples 1-9
 - Running: rspec ./spec/calculator_1_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_6_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_7_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_8_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_9_spec.rb[1:1] --seed 1234 (0.15302 seconds)
 - Running: rspec ./spec/calculator_10_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_1_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_2_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_3_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_4_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_5_spec.rb[1:1] --seed 1234 (0.19708 seconds)
 - Examples we can safely ignore (4):
 - ./spec/calculator_6_spec.rb[1:1]
 - ./spec/calculator_7_spec.rb[1:1]
 - ./spec/calculator_8_spec.rb[1:1]
 - ./spec/calculator_9_spec.rb[1:1]
 - Remaining non-failing examples (5):
 - ./spec/calculator_10_spec.rb[1:1]
 - ./spec/calculator_2_spec.rb[1:1]
 - ./spec/calculator_3_spec.rb[1:1]
 - ./spec/calculator_4_spec.rb[1:1]
 - ./spec/calculator_5_spec.rb[1:1]
Round 2: bisecting over non-failing examples 1-5
 - Running: rspec ./spec/calculator_1_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_4_spec.rb