Industry News
What is Black Phosphorus Graphite Composite?
Views : 139
Update time : 2020-10-29 13:58:53
Black Phosphorus Graphite Composite is a new composite material made from Black phosphorus and graphite. Black phosphorus (BP) is a desirable anode material for alkali metal ion storage owing to its high electronic/ionic conductivity and theoretical capacity. An in-depth understanding of the redox reactions between BP and the alkali metal ions is key to reveal the potential and limitations of BP, and thus to guide the design of BPbased composites for highperformance alkali metal-ion batteries.
A few days ago, the team of Professor Ji Hengxing from the University of Science and Technology of China published a scientific research result in the top international magazine "Science"-they have made a major breakthrough in the research of new lithium-ion battery electrode materials: a newly designed black phosphorus composite material is possible A lithium-ion battery with the three advantages of high capacity, fast charging and long life is prepared.
Ji Hengxing introduced that if this technology is put into use, "we may be able to fully charge an electric car in about 10 minutes and drive about 500 kilometers." Long charging time has always been the shortcoming of electric vehicles. Currently, the most advanced electric vehicles on the market need to "wait" for an hour to drive about 500 kilometers. The development of large-capacity lithium-ion batteries with fast charging capabilities has always been an important goal of the electric vehicle industry.
The electrode material is a key factor in determining battery performance indicators. "If you want to increase the battery charging speed, you need a material with a fast electrochemical reaction. One of the very important criteria is whether the electrode material has a strong ability to conduct electrons and ions." Ji Hingxing said the research team hopes to discover An electrode material that can not only give the industry expectations in terms of comprehensive performance indicators but also adapt to the industrial battery production process.
The first author of the thesis, Dr. Hongchang Jin, introduced: "Energy enters and exits the battery through the chemical reaction between lithium ions and electrode materials. Therefore, the conductivity of the electrode material to lithium ions is the key to determining the charging speed; in addition, the electrode material per unit mass or volume contains lithium ions. The amount is also an important factor."
The Jixingxing team found that black phosphorus is an excellent choice. First of all, its theoretical capacity is very high, second only to single crystal silicon or metallic lithium. Secondly, as a semiconductor material, it has a strong ability to conduct electrons. Third, black phosphorus has a layered structure, and lithium ions can be quickly conducted between the layers of the black phosphorus sheet. These excellent properties make black phosphorus a very promising electrode material that can realize the fast charging of lithium-ion batteries.
Black phosphorus is an allotrope of white phosphorus, and it is an electrode material with great potential to meet the requirements of fast charging. However, a series of current studies have found that there is a certain gap between the comprehensive performance indicators of black phosphorus and expectations. Black phosphorus is prone to structural damage from the edge of the layered structure, and the measured performance is far lower than theoretical expectations. For this reason, Ji Xingxing team adopted the strategy of "interface engineering" to connect black phosphorus and graphite through phosphorus-carbon covalent bonds to make its structure more stable, and the process of lithium ions entering the black phosphorus particles is easier, which greatly improves Lithium-ion conduction, which may have been limited, is eliminated.
In addition, the electrode material will be wrapped in chemicals that gradually decompose the electrolyte during the working process. Some substances will prevent lithium ions from entering the electrode material, just like dust on the glass surface hinders light penetration. The research team put a layer of clothing on the composite material for this purpose. They used a thin polymer gel to make a dust-proof coat and "worn" on the surface of the black phosphorous graphite composite material to allow lithium ions to enter smoothly.
"Under the interface optimization of these two levels, this black phosphorous composite material has achieved a breakthrough in performance." Ji Hingxing said.
"We use conventional process routes and technical parameters to make the black phosphorous composite material into the electrode sheet. Laboratory measurement results show that the electrode sheet can recover about 80% of the power after 9 minutes of charging, and it can still maintain 90% of the capacity after 2000 cycles." Xin Sen, the co-first author of the paper and a researcher at the Institute of Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that if mass production of this material can be achieved, and matching cathode materials and other auxiliary materials can be found, the optimized design will be expected to achieve an energy density of 350 Wh. /Kg, and has a lithium-ion battery with fast charging capability. This means that it can make electric vehicles travel close to 1,000 kilometers, and will increase the user experience of electric vehicles to a higher level.
On this basis, the Jixingxing team will continue to explore in terms of basic research and scale preparation technology. In-depth understanding of basic scientific issues such as the microstructure, physical and chemical properties, and electrochemical reaction process of electrode materials, as well as the performance requirements of the industry for core materials, are necessary to achieve breakthroughs in battery technology and promote the development of consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and other related fields condition. "To achieve this vision, there is still a lot of work to be done, but we are full of hope for the future." Ji Hengxing said.
TRUNNANO (aka. Luoyang Tongrun Nano Technology Co. Ltd.) is a trusted global chemical material supplier & manufacturer with over 12 years' experience in providing super high-quality chemicals and Nanomaterials. The graphite powder produced by our company has high purity, fine particle size, and impurity content. Lower, please contact us if necessary.


TNB presents
Ion Channel Based Bio-Synthetic Modulator for Diffusive Molecular Communication
Featured Articles
In diffusion-based molecular communication (DMC), a transmitter nanomachine is responsible for signal modulation. Thereby, the transmitter has to be able to control the release of the signaling molecules employed for representing the transmitted information. In nature, an important class of control mechanisms for releasing molecules from cells utilizes ion channels which are pore-forming proteins across the cell membrane. The opening and closing of the ion channels is controlled by a gating parameter. In this paper, an ion channel based modulator for DMC is proposed which controls the rate of molecule release from the transmitter by modulating a gating parameter signal. Exploiting the capabilities of the proposed modulator, an on-off keying modulation technique is introduced and the corresponding average modulated signal, i.e., the average release rate of the molecules from the transmitter, is analyzed. However, since the modulated signal is random in nature, it may deviate from its average. Therefore, the concept of modulator noise is introduced and the statistics of the modulated signal are investigated. Finally, by assuming a simple transparent receiver, the performance of the proposed on-off keying modulation format is studied. The derived analytical expressions for the average modulated signal are confirmed with particle based simulations. Our numerical results reveal that performance estimates of DMC systems obtained based on the assumption of instantaneous molecule release at the transmitter may substantially deviate from the performance achieved with practical modulators.
Related Articles


text:
Environmental Quality Advisory Council
What is EQAC?
The Fairfax County Environmental Quality Advisory Council (EQAC) is an advisory group that has been appointed by the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors to advise the Board on environmental matters. The Council is comprised of one citizen representative from each Magisterial District, four at-large members, and one student representative. Each member is appointed by the Board of Supervisors to serve a three-year term, except the student member, who serves during his or her junior or senior year of high school.
EQAC provides advice to the Board of Supervisors through its Annual Report on the Environment and through resolutions and positions resulting from discussions at EQAC's monthly meetings. EQAC recommendations typically focus on improvement of the County's efforts in environmental protection and enhancement; they also can address legislative issues as well as state, regional, and federal matters. Environmental issues considered by EQAC include water quality, air quality, noise, hazardous materials, solid waste, stream valley protection, deer management, light pollution, visual pollution, and the use and preservation of ecological resources.
Each year EQAC holds a public hearing to obtain citizen input on issues of environmental concern. The public is encouraged to attend and share views on the state of the environment and to identify any environmental issues applicable to Fairfax County. The public also is invited to attend any EQAC meeting and to submit correspondence for EQAC's consideration at any time.
If you have questions about EQAC, contact Noel Kaplan of the Fairfax County Department of Planning and Zoning at _PHONE_, TTY 711 (Virginia Relay) or send an e-mail message.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Fort Fisher is a sand beach marked by a low rocky outcrop.
This is a remnant from an old
Pleistocene headland and is a unique feature of the southern North Carolina coast.
This beach rock, called coquina, is composed of
cemented together with shells.
How do you think this coquina rock outcrop affects sand movements on the nearby beaches?
How is a rocky habitat different from a sandy habitat?
Here is a series of QuickTime Panoramas of the Fort Fisher beach.
Panorama 1 (Interactive) (922 K)
Panorama 2 (631 K)
Panorama 3 (631 K)
These photographs and panoramas were taken at:
33 58' 25 N, 77 54' 51 W
Click on a thumbnail photo to view a full screen image.
©1998, Alec M. Bodzin for the Science Junction, NC State University. All rights reserved.
| Teacher Terminal | Science Junction | NC State University |


.... FROM.... WHERE ID IN( value1, value2,....valueN)
Where valueX comes from a list of Strings.
First, if you are comparing Strings they must be quoted, an this it isn't trivial if the Strings could have a quote inside.
Second, if the values comes from the user,or other system, then a SQL injection atack is posible.
It's a lot more verbose but what you should do is create a String like this:
SELECT.... FROM.... WHERE ID IN( ?, ?,....?)
and then bind the variables with Statement.setString (nParameter,parameterValue)
share|improve this answer

Yeah, of course you are right. This was just an example to illustrate the issue. In my project i use HQL from Hibernate for querying the database, which looks quite similar, but care about these security issues. But of course it is right to point this out. – maerch Oct 18 '08 at 10:44
You could try
List collections = Arrays.asList(34, 26, "...", 2);
String asString = collection.toString();
// justValues = "34, 26, ..., 2"
String justValues = asString.substring(1, asString.length()-1);
share|improve this answer
Just another method to deal with this problem. Not the most short, but it is efficient and gets the job done.
/**
 * Creates a comma-separated list of values from given collection.
 *
 * @param <T> Value type.
 * @param values Value collection.
 * @return Comma-separated String of values.
 */
public <T> String toParameterList(Collection<T> values) {
 if (values == null || values.isEmpty()) {
 return ""; // Depending on how you want to deal with this case...
 }
 StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
 Iterator<T> i = values.iterator();
 result.append(i.next().toString());
 while (i.hasNext()) {
 result.append(",").append(i.next().toString());
 }
 return result.toString();
}
share|improve this answer
There are some third-party Java libraries that provide string join method, but you probably don't want to start using a library just for something simple like that. I would just create a helper method like this, which I think is a bit better than your version, It uses StringBuffer, which will be more efficient if you need to join many strings, and it works on a collection of any type.
public static <T> String join(Collection<T> values)
{
 StringBuffer ret = new StringBuffer();
 for (T value : values)
 {
 if (ret.length() > 0) ret.append(",");
 ret.append(value);
 }
 return ret.toString();
}
Another suggestion with using Collection.toString() is shorter, but that relies on Collection.toString() returning a string in a very specific format, which I would personally not want to rely on.
share|improve this answer

Yeah, third-libraries are inappropriate . And one problem is that it seems not flexible enough for for creating query strings. – maerch Oct 18 '08 at 10:33
This will be the shortest solution so far, except of using Guava or Apache Commons
String res = "";
for (String i : values) {
 res += res.isEmpty() ? i : ","+i;
}
Good with 0,1 and n element list. But you'll need to check for null list. I use this in GWT, so I'm good without StringBuilder there. And for short lists with just couple of elements its ok too elsewhere ;)
share|improve this answer
if you have an array you can do:
Arrays.asList(parameters).toString()
share|improve this answer
I'm not sure how "sophisticated" this is, but it's certainly a bit shorter. It will work with various different types of collection e.g. Set<Integer>, List<String>, etc.
public static final String toSqlList(Collection<?> values) {
 String collectionString = values.toString();
 // Convert the square brackets produced by Collection.toString() to round brackets used by SQL
 return "(" + collectionString.substring(1, collectionString.length() - 1) + ")";
}
Exercise for reader: modify this method so that it correctly handles a null/empty collection :)
share|improve this answer

But that's relying on the toString() output format, which I don't think is officially specified. Is it? – Michael Myers Oct 15 '08 at 17:23

You're right, toString() is not really part of a class' public API. But because people do rely on it (even though they shouldn't) the format is generally fixed. – Dónal Oct 15 '08 at 17:29
What makes the code ugly is the special-handling for the first case. Most of the lines in this small snippet are devoted, not to doing the code's routine job, but to handling that special case. And that's what alternatives like gimel's solve, by moving the special handling outside the loop. There is one special case (well, you could see both start and end as special cases - but only one of them needs to be treated specially), so handling it inside the loop is unnecessarily complicated.
share|improve this answer
Join 'methods' are available in Arrays and the classes that extend AbstractCollections but doesn't override toString() method (like virtually all collections in java.util)
for instance: String s= java.util.Arrays.toString(collectionOfStrings.toArray());
s = s.substing(1, s.length()-1);// [] are guaranteed to be there
that's quite weird way since it works only for numbers alike data sql wise.
share|improve this answer
I've just checked-in a test for my library dollar:
@Test
public void join() {
 List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
 String string = $(list).join(",");
}
it create a fluent wrapper around lists/arrays/strings/etc using only one static import: $.
NB:
using ranges the previous list can be re-writed as $(1, 5).join(",")
share|improve this answer
The nice thing about the IN expression is that if you have repeated values, it does not change the result. So, just duplicate the first item and process the entire list. This assumes that there is at least one item in the list. If there are no items, I'd suggest checking for that first and then not executing the SQL at all.
This will do the trick, is obvious in what it is doing and does not rely on any external libraries:
StringBuffer inString = new StringBuffer(listOfIDs.get(0).toString());
for (Long currentID : listOfIDs) {
 inString.append(",").append(currentID);
}
share|improve this answer
1
Wouldn't this code add the first element twice? – Andrew Thompson Aug 10 '11 at 4:50

Yes, but that would not affect the functionality. For example, "select status from tstatus where ID in (1,1,1,1,1)" is the same as only specifying the ID 1 a single time. With the code presented, it's pretty straight forward. Easy to understand. – VIM Aug 10 '11 at 17:19
java.util.List<String> lista = new java.util.ArrayList<String>();
lista.add("Hola");
lista.add("Julio");
System.out.println(lista.toString().replace('[','(').replace(']',')'));
$~(Hola, Julio)
share|improve this answer
If you use Spring, you can do:
StringUtils.arrayToCommaDelimitedString(
 collectionOfStrings.toArray()
)
(package org.springframework.util)
share|improve this answer
While I think your best bet is to use Joiner from Guava, if I were to code it by hand I find this approach more elegant that the 'first' flag or chopping the last comma off.
private String commas(Iterable<String> strings) {
 StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
 It


text:
Revision as of 14:00, 9 April 2008 by Ederchil
The names given in these Trees are only a selection from many. Most of them are either guests at Bilbo's Farewell Party, or their direct ancestors..... A few other names of persons concerned in the events recounted are also given. In addition some genealogical information is provided concerning Samwise the founder of the family of Gardner, later famous and influential.
The figures after the names are those of birth (and death where that is recorded). All dates are given according to the Shire-reckoning, calculated from the crossing of the Brandywine by the brothers Marcho and Blanco in the Year 1 of the Shire (Third Age 1601).
The Family Trees of Appendix C are:
- Baggins of Hobbiton
- Took of Great Smials
- Brandybuck of Buckland
- The Longfather-tree of Master Samwise
|The Lord of the Rings Appendices|
|Appendix A · Appendix B · Appendix C · Appendix D · Appendix E · Appendix F|

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Articles 1 - 1 of 1
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Relationships Among Gender, Gender Role Individualized Trust, And Self-Disclosure, John D. Foubert
Self-disclosure, the process of revealing personal information to other people, was examined in relation to gender, gender role and individualized trust. Undergraduate subjects (N = 293) completed the Jourard Self-Disclosure Scale (Jourard, 1971b), the Individualized Trust Scales (Wheeless & Grotz, 1977), the Bem Sex Role Inventory (Bem, 1974), and a demographic questionnaire. Significant interactions emerged between gender and individualized trust (p <.01), gender and gender role (p <.05), and individualized trust and gender role (p =.01). An androgynous gender role was shown to lead to higher rates of self-disclosure in the high trust condition but not in the low trust condition. Although masculine males and masculine females did not disclose differently, feminine females disclosed markedly more than feminine males. The relationship between individualized trust and gender role revealed an increase in self-disclosure common to androgynous individuals is restricted to those who are high trusting.


text:
New research from smart building technology firm, Infogrid, has found over half of hybrid employees in the UK are worried about how healthy their work environments are, with 53 per cent saying they're concerned poor air quality and ventilation will impact their general health, rising to 70 per cent amongst London-based hybrid workers.
The survey of 2,000 UK hybrid workers by OnePoll, on behalf of Infogrid, finds that hybrid workers are facing a Catch-22 moment as we enter the colder months; balancing worries over the cost of working from home with concerns about their own wellbeing in the office. To reduce personal energy use and bills at home, nearly a quarter (23 per cent) plan to increase the frequency they go into work this winter to save money as they combat the cost of living crisis. But, at the same time, they have concerns about the health and safety of these environments.
As winter approaches, one in five (21 per cent) hybrid workers are fearful about catching Covid and other bugs due to poor air quality in their workplace, with this figure rising to 24 per cent of those aged 18-34.
The research suggests that many employees feel their concerns are not being heard by employers who may be failing to realise the importance of air quality. Over a third (35 per cent) of the hybrid workforce believe that while their company is taking steps to improve air quality, they aren't doing enough – rising again amongst the younger generation to 48 per cent.
In fact, 17 per cent of hybrid employees don't think employers have carefully considered air quality when designing the workplace – suggesting that safe and healthy ventilation is not being taken seriously enough. One in four (25 per cent) believe clean air in the workplace should be implemented as a company policy.
The data comes from Infogrid's Air Quality and Health in the Workplace: Key Insights and Hybrid Worker Perspectives report.
The post Over half of UK hybrid workers are concerned about indoor air quality appeared first on FMJ.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Graph.remove_edges_from
Graph.remove_edges_from(ebunch)[source]
Remove all edges specified in ebunch.
Parameters
ebunch: list or container of edge tuples
Each edge given in the list or container will be removed from the graph. The edges can be:
 - 2-tuples (u, v) edge between u and v.
 - 3-tuples (u, v, k) where k is ignored.
See also
remove_edge
remove a single edge
Notes
Will fail silently if an edge in ebunch is not in the graph.
Examples
>>> G = nx.path_graph(4) # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc
>>> ebunch = [(1, 2), (2, 3)]
>>> G.remove_edges_from(ebunch)


text:
This article includes suggestions and workarounds. Content may not be accurate for all use cases or represent best practices for the latest release.
Are there any characters that cannot be used for account, level, and dimension names?
The pipe character (the vertical line symbol | ) should not be used in used in element names or memo/note fields because it is a reserved character in the Adaptive Insights API that acts a delimiter to separate data. Pipe characters are not supported in the Integration for Planning tool, and their inclusion in element names or source data can cause columns to be delimited incorrectly resulting in values being posted to the wrong columns.
We recommend completely avoiding/removing the use of pipe characters from the fields in your source system that you will be importing into Adaptive Insights.
To remove pipe characters in your data source, you can create a SQL column that removes pipe characters from the staging table. Please see an example SQL expression below which may need to be modified depending on your integration setup.
CASE WHEN "ExampleField" LIKE '%|%' THEN SUBSTRING( "ExampleField" FROM 1 FOR (POSITION('|' in "ExampleField") - 1 ) || SUBSTRING( "ExampleField" FROM ( POSITION('|' in "ExampleField") + 1 ) ) ELSE "ExampleField" END
This expression will remove exactly one pipe character from the target string if it is present. If there are records that have more than one pipe character in the column, you could try creating a nested SQL statement with several similar expressions to continually search and remove each pipe character and return the resulting string.


Android SDK iOS SDK macOS SDK
basic functionality >= 1.9.0 >= 9.1.0 >= 5.8.0 >= 0.15.0
Ramps, scales, curves
interpolate
Produces continuous, smooth results by interpolating between pairs of input and output values ("stops"). The input may be any numeric expression (e.g., ["get", "population"]). Stop inputs must be numeric literals in strictly ascending order. The output type must be number, array<number>, or color.
Interpolation types:
 - ["linear"]: Interpolates linearly between the pair of stops just less than and just greater than the input.
 - ["exponential", base]: Interpolates exponentially between the stops just less than and just greater than the input. base controls the rate at which the output increases: higher values make the output increase more towards the high end of the range. With values close to 1 the output increases linearly.
 - ["cubic-bezier", x1, y1, x2, y2]: Interpolates using the cubic bezier curve defined by the given control points.
Syntax
["interpolate",
 interpolation: ["linear"] | ["exponential", base] | ["cubic-bezier", x1, y1, x2, y2],
 input: number,
 stop_input_1: number, stop_output_1: OutputType,
 stop_input_n: number, stop_output_n: OutputType, ...
]: OutputType (number, array<number>, or Color)
SDK Support MapLibre GL JS Android SDK iOS SDK macOS SDK
basic functionality >= 0.42.0 >= 6.0.0 >= 4.0.0 >= 0.7.0
interpolate-hcl
Produces continuous, smooth results by interpolating between pairs of input and output values ("stops"). Works like interpolate, but the output type must be color, and the interpolation is performed in the Hue-Chroma-Luminance color space.
Syntax
["interpolate-hcl",
 interpolation: ["linear"] | ["exponential", base] | ["cubic-bezier", x1, y1, x2, y2],
 input: number,
 stop_input_1: number, stop_output_1: Color,
 stop_input_n: number, stop_output_n: Color, ...
]: Color
SDK Support MapLibre GL JS Android SDK iOS SDK macOS SDK
basic functionality >= 0.49.0 Not yet supported Not yet supported Not yet supported
interpolate-lab
Produces continuous, smooth results by interpolating between pairs of input and output values ("stops"). Works like interpolate, but the output type must be color, and the interpolation is performed in the CIELAB color space.
Syntax
["interpolate-lab",
 interpolation: ["linear"] | ["exponential", base] | ["cubic-bezier", x1, y1, x2, y2 ],
 input: number,
 stop_input_1: number, stop_output_1: Color,
 stop_input_n: number, stop_output_n: Color, ...
]: Color
SDK Support MapLibre GL JS Android SDK iOS SDK macOS SDK
basic functionality >= 0.49.0 Not yet supported Not yet supported Not yet supported
step
Produces discrete, stepped results by evaluating a piecewise-constant function defined by pairs of input and output values ("stops"). The input may be any numeric expression (e.g., ["get", "population"]). Stop inputs must be numeric literals in strictly ascending order. Returns the output value of the stop just less than the input, or the first output if the input is less than the first stop.
Syntax
["step",
 input: number,
 stop_output_0: OutputType,
 stop_input_1: number, stop_output_1: OutputType,
 stop_input_n: number, stop_output_n: OutputType, ...
]: OutputType
SDK Support MapLibre GL JS Android SDK iOS SDK macOS SDK
basic functionality >= 0.42.0 >= 6.0.0 >= 4.0.0 >= 0.7.0
Variable binding
let
Binds expressions to named variables, which can then be referenced in the result expression using ["var", "variable_name"].
Syntax
["let",
 string (alphanumeric literal), any, string (alphanumeric literal), any, ...,
 OutputType
]: OutputType
SDK Support MapLibre GL JS Android SDK iOS SDK macOS SDK
basic functionality >= 0.41.0 >= 6.0.0 >= 4.0.0 >= 0.7.0
var
References variable bound using "let".
Syntax
["var", previously bound variable name]: the type of the bound expression
SDK Support MapLibre GL JS Android SDK iOS SDK macOS SDK
basic functionality >= 0.41.0 >= 6.0.0 >= 4.0.0 >= 0.7.0
String
concat
Returns a string consisting of the concatenation of the inputs. Each input is converted to a string as if by to-string.
Syntax
["concat", value, value, ...]: string
SDK Support MapLibre GL JS Android SDK iOS SDK macOS SDK
basic functionality >= 0.41.0 >= 6.0.0 >= 4.0.0 >= 0.7.0
downcase
Returns the input string converted to lowercase. Follows the Unicode Default Case Conversion algorithm and the locale-insensitive case mappings in the Unicode Character Database.
Syntax
["downcase", string]: string
SDK Support MapLibre GL JS Android SDK iOS SDK macOS SDK
basic functionality >= 0.41.0 >= 6.0.0 >= 4.0.0 >= 0.7.0
is-supported-script
Returns true if the input string is expected to render legibly. Returns false if the input string contains sections that cannot be rendered without potential loss of meaning (e.g. Indic scripts that require complex text shaping, or right-to-left scripts if the the MapLibre-gl-rtl-text plugin is not in use in MapLibre GL JS).
Syntax
["is-supported-script", string]: boolean
SDK Support MapLibre GL JS Android SDK iOS SDK macOS SDK
basic functionality >= 0.45.0 >= 6.6.1 Not yet supported Not yet supported
resolved-locale
Returns the IETF language tag of the locale being used by the provided collator. This can be used to determine the default system locale, or to determine if a requested locale was successfully loaded.
Syntax
["resolved-locale", collator]: string
SDK Support MapLibre GL JS Android SDK iOS SDK macOS SDK
basic functionality >= 0.45.0 >= 6.5.0 >= 4.2.0 >= 0.9.0
upcase
Returns the input string converted to uppercase. Follows the Unicode Default Case Conversion algorithm and the locale-insensitive case mappings in the Unicode Character Database.
Syntax
["upcase", string]: string
SDK Support MapLibre GL JS Android SDK iOS SDK macOS SDK
basic functionality >= 0.41.0 >= 6.0.0 >= 4.0.0 >= 0.7.0
Color
rgb
Creates a color value from red, green, and blue components, which must range between 0 and 255, and an alpha component of 1. If any component is out of range, the expression is an error.
Syntax
["rgb", number, number, number]: color
SDK Support MapLibre GL JS Android SDK iOS SDK macOS SDK
basic functionality >= 0.41.0 >= 6.0.0 >= 4.0.0 >= 0.7.0
rgba
Creates a color value from red, green, blue components, which must range between 0 and 255, and an alpha component which must range between 0 and 1. If any component is out of range, the expression is an error.
Syntax
["rgba", number, number, number, number]: color
SDK Support MapLibre GL JS Android SDK iOS SDK macOS SDK
basic functionality >= 0.41.0 >= 6.0.0 >= 4.0.0 >= 0.7.0
to-rgba
Returns a four-element array containing the input color's red, green, blue, and alpha components, in that order.
Syntax
["to-rgba", color]: array


Differences In Sarah Vowell's Shooting Dad
543 Words3 Pages
Have you ever had a disagreement with someone about a difference of opinion? Sarah Vowell, in her book Shooting Dad, talks about how she has a very different viewpoint on guns. From a young age, she said that she does not like guns, while on the other hand, her father loves them. Vowell encounters obstacles with her father because of their differences but still learns to accept his passions, which proves how differences can be overcome.
Vowell and her father express their own opinions very vividly to each other, which sometimes causes problems. Though Vowell respected her father, she could not understand why the most important things to him were guns. She even mentions "All he ever cared about were guns. All I ever cared about was art"
Open Document


text:
Biostimulation with PRP in Valencia
What sets us apart from many clinics that offer this treatment of PRP biostimulation in Valencia is the way in which we process the blood samples, as there are few approved centrifuges in our country for this treatment, and it is very important that the whole process is carried out in the presence of the patient, as better results are achieved if there is little time between the blood collection and the application of the plasma.
The main advantages of this treatment is that as they are autologous (the patient's own material) they do not produce allergies or rejection. Therefore, as it is completely natural, it has no contraindications for anyone, and although the results can be seen in young people, it is from the age of 50 onwards when the effects on solar lesions and the effects of the passage of time are most evident.
PRP biostimulation is achieved by
Without disrupting your life


text:
SUP Marker #118 in Hurricane. (Also located here is #101B)
Segments of the old Indian trails between St. George and Long Valley were used by Mormon pioneers to settle Long Valley in 1864 and for its resettlement in 1871 following Indian conflicts. This trail scaled the Hurricane Fault on the Johnson Twist. One segment went south from Virgin City and then east and the other went east to Rockville-Crafton and then south to Big Plains where they merged. The desert trail, about 85 miles long, traversed deep sand, sandstone ledges and lava faults and was the primary transportation route, including mail and heavy freight, for half a century. It took four days for loaded wagons drawn by horse or ox teams to travel the distance.
See other historic markers in the series on this page for SUP Markers.
Pingback: The Historic Hurricane Canal | JacobBarlow.com


text:
riparian rights, definition of
- Riparian Rights
The rights of
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ELEGOO MARS & Mars Pro: How to replace C version motherboard
If your Mars or Mars Pro needs replace C version motherboard, please follow the steps below:
Tools you need: Motherboard of Mars or Mars Pro, 2mm Hex Wrench, Marker Pen
Part One： Disassemble
Step 1: Unscrew the screws that lock the front shell with the 2mm Hex Wrench
Step 2: Gently unplug the cable that connects the motherboard and the touch screen
Step 3: Unscrew the screws that lock the back shell then remove the shell
Step 4: Mark the ports with numbers as shown in the video
Step 5: Unplug the ports, unscrew the screws, and take off the old motherboard
Step 6: Gently unplug the cable that connects the motherboard and the touch screen
Part Two: Reassemble
Step 1: Reconnect the touch screen cable to the motherboard
Step 2: Connect the cable back on to the new board then lock the screws
Step 3: Reconnect the LCD cable to the board then apply the black tape to fix the cable
Step 4: Put the back shell back on and lock the screws
Step 5: Reconnect the touch screen cable
Step 6: Put the front shell back on and lock the screws
Instructional Video
Related Articles


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Have you ever looked into your guinea pig's cage and noticed them flip over their house sometimes?
They might have a little hut, igloo, or hideout that they constantly tip over when they feel like it.
Most of the time a guinea pig can even look proud that they've done it, so why do guinea pigs flip over their house?
The main reasons why guinea pigs flip their house over are:
- Because they like to rearrange the things in their cage.
- They'll flip things over when they're mad.
- When they think their cage or house is too small.
- If they're trying to get a better angle so that they can chew on it.
So it's true that they can do it for a lot of different reasons, but luckily there are some easy ways to get them to stop if you don't want them to do it anymore.
Table of Contents
Why Does My Guinea Pig Flip Over Their House?
If you have a guinea pig that flips over their house then sometimes it can be a confusing behavior to see happen.
This is mainly because like most of their behaviors it can have multiple meanings when they do it.
The first reason why they'll knock over their little house is that some guinea pigs just like rearranging the items that are in their cage.
So this can happen when they don't like the spot that a certain item is in so they'll push it around and turn it over to how they want it.
It's fun and almost like a game for them and it's kind of like interior decorating for guinea pigs.
The second reason why they'll do it is when something around them it's starting to make them a little upset.
For example, if another guinea pig in the cage is harassing them, even playfully, then they may start to act out and begin to flip things over.
It can sometimes be hard to tell when your guinea pig is mad, but this can be one of the smaller signs that they are.
Another reason why a guinea pig will flip their house over is if they think that their cage or house is too small for them.
If they don't have enough room to run around and release all of their pent-up energy then you may see this happen.
It's the same with flipping over their little igloo or hut as well, because when they do this, for them it can seem like they're creating some extra space for themselves.
Guinea pigs will also flip over their house so that they can try to get a better angle to chew on it.
They will try to chew on any and everything that they can get their little hands on, so it's no surprise that they will try to chew on their house after they've tipped it over.
Is It Normal For A Guinea Pig To Flip Over Their House?
It is natural to want to know if their house flipping behavior is normal if you have ever seen your guinea pig do it.
It's one of those odd things that you'll see them do every now and then, but is it a normal thing for them to do?
Generally, it's normal for a guinea pig to try to knock over their house when they feel like it.
Most of the time when it comes to guinea pigs it would actually be unusual if they didn't do it every so often.
A lot of guinea pigs just like to rearrange their stuff to how they like it, and usually, that's a good thing.
The reason why it can be a good thing is that it can mean that they still care enough and have enough energy to do these types of activities.
Guinea pigs will try to move around a lot of things in their cage, so you'll see them knock over their food bowl, their toys, and their house, and it's all very normal for them to do.
Will Guinea Pigs Always Try To Flip Over Their House?
Like their houses, guinea pigs can flip over a lot of the items in their cage so much that sometimes it can even seem like they prefer it this way.
Sometimes you may even see them turn it over as soon as you put their house back in the right position too. So is this something that they will always try to do throughout their lives?
Most of the time some guinea pigs will do it as they continue to get older and that's completely normal behavior.
However, some guinea pigs can stop flipping over their house sometimes as well. So it usually depends on the reason why they're doing it in the first place.
If they're doing it because they don't have enough space in their cage or if their house is too small for them, then they may stop once they get a bigger cage and house.
But if flipping over their house is something that they like to do and it's fun for them, then they most likely won't stop unless you intervene in some way.
Should You Stop A Guinea Pig From Flipping Over Their House?
Sometimes when a guinea pig flips over their house they'll put it back to how it was themselves, but most of the time you'll have to fix it for them.
Constantly doing this can start to become slightly annoying over time, so is this something that you should stop them from doing?
Most of the time trying to stop your guinea pig from knocking over their little igloo or hut won't always work out how you want it to.
Guinea pigs are mainly going to do what they want and sometimes that means flipping over their house.
So when they rearrange the items in their cage it's just what they want to do and it's usually fine to let them continue doing it.
However, there are some simple things that you can try to help stop them from doing it all the time.
For example, if they're doing it because they don't like the size of their cage or house, then getting them a larger sized cage or house may stop them from doing it.
A larger-sized house can also help stop them from knocking it over because they won't be able to get the angle that would allow them to flip it over as well.
If that's not the reason why they're doing it and you want them to stop, then getting them a house that is a little bit heavier may help.
A heavy house can make it so that they won't be strong enough to physically pick it up and turn it over.
They'll still be able to push it around to where they want it which can make them happy, and you won't have to constantly come back to their cage and flip their house back over.


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About Spicy Shrimp And Long Beans Balado
Spicy Shrimp And Long Beans Balado is a food made from basic ingredients of fresh shrimp, long beans and red chili. Especially Shrimp are large and fresh. The term Balado is derived from the Padang language, West Sumatra, Indonesia, which means food using red peppers are mashed. These foods are eaten together with rice and vegetables. In addition to shrimp and red chili, other commonly used ingredients are Long beans, Lime or Tomato, and Onion. Its spicy flavor makes Balado Shrimp And Long Beans is much preferred by people who like spicy. And now the term Balado is not only used by people in the Western Sumatera but also throughout Indonesia.
The existence of chili and lime or tomatoes make this dish contains many vitamin C and Provitamin A. Fresh shrimp will certainly be a source of animal protein and minerals that are needed by the human body. Thus Spicy Shrimp And Long Beans Balado cuisine are very healthy and nutritious to be a side dish with rice and vegetables.
How to Make Spicy Shrimp And Long Beans Balado :
- 500 g of fresh shrimp
- 10 Long beans
- 100 grams of red chili
- 20 grams red cayenne pepper
- 4 cm Turmeric
- 10 pieces of red onions
- 2 pieces of Lime or 3 large Tomatoes.
- Cooking oil to taste
- The salt according to taste
How to make :
- Clean Shrimp and remove the head
- Clean Long Beans, cut to taste.
- Blend turmeric and salt. Mix with shrimp that have been cleaned earlier. Allow for 15 minutes for the seasoning to soak in the shrimp.
- Boil red chili, red cayenne pepper, and tomato
- After the red chili, red cayenne pepper and tomato boiled, then mashed.
- Add onion and salt. Puree again.
- Fried shrimp that have been flavored it all.
- Prepare the skillet. Enter the cooking oil then heat.
- Slice three of red onion put in hot oil in the pan.
- After the yellowish onion, enter the red chili, red cayenne pepper, and tomato that has been mashed earlier. Add a little water. Stir until cooked. If you do not use tomatoes, can use lime to taste sour.
- Add long beans that have been cut.
- Add shrimp that have been fried earlier. Stir slowly. Spicy Shrimp And Long Beans Balado ready to serve.
Serving method :
Put the Spicy Shrimp And Long Beans Balado in a clean, dry dish. Serve with rice and vegetables


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JPSS, for information about studying in Japan's universities and graduate schools. > Subject > List of fields of study > Life Sciences
Introduction of Studies Life Sciences
Pursuing the comfortable daily lives of humans comprehensively.
Studies in the sciences of living aim to create more enjoyable human living through the research of family and household relations (such as between parent and child, or husband and wife), and the effects of living environments (such as aspects of food, clothing and shelter) on people.
Subjects that are studied include basic topics such as food science, clothing studies, housing studies, and child studies. Other subjects are also studied such as lifestyle management, family studies, family care, and textile science.
The sciences of living approaches issues people face in their daily lives to devise solutions for those issues. For example, there is the issue of the environmental pollution caused by the solid and water waste people generate in their daily lives. While considering expectations for comfortable living in communities and society, researchers are pursuing ways people can live in harmony with the natural environment.


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FAQ about stonewool
- Does stone wool remain disease-free during cultivation?
- What is stone wool?
- How is stone wool made?
- People often mention capillary action capacity. What does that mean?
- What do growers gain from the "controllability of the substrate"?
- Why is a water buffer important in the cultivation system?
- Why is full rooting important?
- Are slabs with a high capillary action capacity too wet for Winter cultivation?
- How do I determine the moisture content?
Does stone wool remain disease-free during cultivation?
Stone wool arrives at the greenhouse disease-free. Whether soil diseases are able to penetrate is dependent on the level of hygiene within the company. Naturally, the plant material must also be absolutely disease-free. The careful setting up of the system, the use of ground sheets and properly packaged slabs will limit the risks still further. Should any problems nevertheless arise, they are then relatively simple to resolve. That is the advantage of the small root volume.
What is stone wool?
Stone wool is a mineral wool made of volcanic rock. Stone wool consists of 5% solid material in the form of stone fibres. The remaining 95% is made up of pores.
How is stone wool made?
The basic materials for Grodan stone wool are Basalt and Limestone. These are melted to form lava in an oven with a temperature of 1,500°C. The lava is then poured over a number of fast-rotating discs. Thanks to the centrifugal force, the drops fly off the discs and lengthen to form fibres. The process can be compared with candy floss being made at a fair. The fibres are then compressed to form a sturdy mass, from which the slabs and blocks are then cut.
People often mention capillary action capacity. What does that mean?
Stone wool slabs not only need to absorb sufficient moisture but also need to distribute it over the entire volume of the slab. Grodan stone wool has been specially developed to satisfy these requirements. If the moisture were to sink to the bottom straight away, there would be dry or salty spots in the slab.
The roots would not thrive in such an environment, so the "rootable" volume would be reduced. A good "capillary action capacity" (water distribution) ensures that the entire slab volume can be controlled and thus also fully rooted.
What do growers gain from the "controllability of the substrate"?
With a controllable substrate, the crop has access to whatever it needs at that moment. The plant will therefore respond optimally and thus also be more productive. With Grodan stone wool substrate, the slab volume can be controlled right down to every little corner of the slab volume. Comparable results may be possible with other substrates, but would require around 10 to 15% more water and nutrients.
Why is a water buffer important in the cultivation system?
In the first instance, the water buffer must be able to cushion a temporary disturbance in the nutrient unit. A substrate with a lower "capillary action capacity" is more susceptible to drying out. In addition, the shocks in EC, pH and temperature in a substrate with good capillary action and with a water buffer are less extreme.
Savings in terms of water and nutrients thanks to the controllability of stone wool substrate are of course also important if recirculation is to be applied. With a water buffer, there are far fewer cubic meters of water to be disinfected, so the disinfection costs per square metre are lower.
Why is full rooting important?
Compared with soil, substrate slabs have a smaller volume. However, it is important that that volume can be used fully by the roots. After all, if the weather suddenly changes, a plant needs all its roots in order to be able to cope with the extra transpiration. If the substrate is not fully accessible for root development, there will be risks in the event of changes in the weather leading to a significant difference in evaporation.
Are slabs with a high capillary action capacity too wet for Winter cultivation?
No, since the moisture content of a slab is determined by the evaporation and the watering. Not using trickle irrigation and allowing extreme transpiration in the plant (hot pipes) will automatically lead to the slab drying out.
In other words: the moisture content in the slab is controllable. In principle, we strive for a lower moisture content in the winter. We can achieve this by allowing the crop to transpire sufficiently (minimum pipe temperature, fast ventilation) and through holding long pauses in between the watering sessions.
How do I determine the moisture content?
The water content in the stone wool slab can be assessed with the aid of the Grodan water content meter (WCM). This indicates the current water content of the slabs precisely so that the water content variations can be closely controlled. The WCM also measures the EC and the temperature of the stone wool slab.


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Oil & Gas Maintenance
Maintenance worker delays at shift start-up were costing one of Canada's largest producers of crude oil millions of dollars a year.
- Implement a "site permit process" to maintain safety and enable Maintenance workers to start repairs no later than 30 minutes following shift start
- Reduced permit issue time of 40 minutes, and authorization time by 48 minutes.
- Achieved an annualized productivity increase of $24 million from more time-on-tools.
Implement a Permit Process for MaintenancePDF
Maintenance worker delays at shift start-up were costing one of Canada's largest producers of crude oil millions of dollars a year. The Highland Group was engaged to investigate and repair the work permit process, which was not processing permits needed for the workers to start.
he project began with an analysis of the current situation and the development of new processes required to affect measurable and sustainable changes within the company. Several barriers to success were uncovered and resolved, including poor coordination between business units preventing standardization across site, morning line up and safety talks delaying workers from meeting shift start-up time, and permits being routinely issued for work to be performed right after shift start.
- Installed a Permit Application Tool for reports and charts.
- Developed a real-time reporting structure in Maintenance and implemented standardized reporting across business units.
- Implemented system for submitting permits a day prior to the work being performed.
- Installed a process for conducting a safety review at the job site.
- Developed management accountability and job focus.
- Installed a permit authorization process in Production.
- Developed a streamlined Operator Care Program.
Achieved annualized productivity increase of


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People similar to or like Betty Box
Prolific British film producer. Wikipedia
Sentences forBetty Box
- The production was initiated by Betty Box, who picked up a copy of the book at Crewe during a long rail journey, and saw its possibility as a film.
- Sydney Box (29 April 1907 – 25 May 1983) was a British film producer and screenwriter, and brother of British film producer Betty Box.
- Producer Betty Box called St. John "a wonderful old drunk... a wonderful man. But he didn't quite fit into the British filmmaking tradition."
- In 1946 Betty Box was placed in charge of the studios when her brother Sydney Box was appointed by Rank to run Gainsborough Pictures.
- and Betty Box (1915–1999) and her brother Sydney (1907–1983), both film producers.
- Thomas often worked with the producer Betty E. Box, who was married to Carry On producer Peter Rogers.
This will create an email alert. Stay up to date on result for: Betty Box


Top 10 firefighter statistics
If you're interested in starting a career in firefighting, or if you are already employed in that field, you might be interested in reviewing the top ten firefighter statistics. Although firefighting can be dangerous and the hours are long and erratic, it's one of the most rewarding careers you can choose. By becoming either a career firefighter or a volunteer, you're making a valuable contribution to your community and to society at large.
The top ten firefighter statistics as compiled by the National Fire Protection Association:
 1. The estimated number of firefighters working in the U.S. is 1,148,100. Of that number, 335,950 are career firefighters and 812,150 are volunteers.
 2. Firefighter statistics categorized by age group: Age 16-19 (3%), Age 20-29 (21%), Age 30-39 (28%), Age 40-49 (26%), Age 50-59 (16%), Age 60 and over (6%)
 3. Firefighter statistics for average firefighter salary as of 2009: $47,270 (according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics).
 4. The total number of firefighter responses was 26,534,500, reflecting an increase of 5.1% over 2008.
 5. Medical assistance was the number one reason for firefighter response at 17,104,000. That figure reflects an increase of 8.5% over 2008.
 6. The second highest reason for firefighter response was false alarms at 2,177,000. That figure was down 2.9% over the previous year.
 7. The total number of firefighter responses due to fire was 1,348,500, reflecting a decrease of 7.1% from the previous year.
 8. Seventy-three percent of career firefighters are working in communities with a population of 25,000 or more. This firefighter statistic reflects the fact that the population density is relational to the number of firefighters needed to protect the community.
 9. Ninety-five percent of volunteer firefighters are in working at fire departments that protect a population of less than 25,000. More than 50% of volunteers are located in small, rural departments that protect a population of less than 2,500.
 10. There were 1,348,500 building structure fires in 2009. Of those fires, an estimated property loss of $12,531 was reported. The total number of deaths in building structure fires for 2009 was 3,010. The number of injuries reported was 17,050.
Bonus firefighter statistic:
There are 30,165 fire departments in the U.S.
These firefighter statistics give you an idea of the types of emergencies firefighters are most often called to respond to, as well as the numbers, age ranges and salaries of firefighters in the U.S.
About the author
Request product info from top Firefighter Accountability companies
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|Op. System:||Not Application|
|File size:||19 KB|
Publisher description for MWCalc
MWCalc is a Konfabulator Widget to calculate molecular weight of chemical formula. - Simply, it calculates molecular weight from chemical formula. - Accessary molecules like hydrate can be described with actual notation. - Simple arithmetical calculation of formulas is possible. - Can be used as one-line Perl calculator. - Calculation mode for Aqueous solution preparation.


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Pasting multiple values to Writeback table with editable on row level setting enabled.
When trying to paste multiple values on a cell having editable if -setting on row level, Writeback table raises error "Pasting values in combination with Editable if on a row level is not supported". When developing a sales forecasting app in august pasting multiple values to multiple cells with the setting was still possible. Please make it possible to paste multiple values with the setting on possible again, as the preventation cripples apps depending on the setting.
Pasting multiple values should skip cells, that are not editable, for example, if Writeback table has columns a, b, c and d, with all columns using the editable if on row level enabled, with editing of column c being disabled on row 2, should pasting
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
in column a1 result in
A B C D 1 2 3 4 5 6 8


Can Dogs Survive in the Wild on Their Own (Better Off)?
can dogs survive in the wild
When my wife and I travel abroad, and in particular to places in the south Mediterranean, we are always shocked by the number of stray dogs we see. If I think of my own dog, I can't imagine him being able to survive in the wild… but these foreign dogs survive on their own – or at least it appears they do.
Those dogs probably get a lot of help from tourists with snacks from the restaurant tables so might not be an accurate representation of whether dogs can survive in the wild… so what is the truth? Can dogs survive on their own and live in the wild and be better off?
Can dogs survive in the wild? Some dogs can survive on their own in the wild, and even thrive and be better off in the wild. However, this won't always be the case. Survival in the wild will depend on the dog's size, condition, sociability and prey drive.
That's a broad answer, so please continue for an overview of documented examples of dogs living in the wild, and what factors go into making it a success.
Can dogs survive on their own in the wild and be better off?
When you think about it, there are some very well-documented canine communities that have either escaped from or been abandoned by humans. The most notable is the so-called 'Dogs of Chernobyl'. Their owners were not permitted to take their pets when they were forced to flee after the nuclear explosion in 1986.
Despite attempts to euthanize the dogs, several of these dogs survived in the wild woods of the exclusion zone, even during the harsh Ukrainian winters. Although it is many canine generations later, the dogs still suffer the effects of the radioactive fallout and have a limited lifespan.
There are currently efforts to shelter, feed and sterilize those that live near human settlements, such as the guard huts.
Other examples of dogs that survive in the wild are Australian cattle dogs and Pyrenean mountain dogs. They will routinely spend months alone, protecting livestock in areas that are not conducive to human survival.
If you are planning to live with your dog in the wild, attributes such as loyalty, watchfulness and a protective instinct come into play. Strength and endurance are important if you plan to harness the dogs for chores such as transport.
Dogs that have been inbred for highly specialized purposes, for example, 'looking good on Instagram', may not make it, on their own, past lunch on day 2.
Survival hierarchy of needs for dogs living in the wild
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, basic requirements for human survival include food, water and shelter. Thereafter, we need security and a social structure.
If we extrapolate this model for canine survival, we can reasonably dispense with ego and self-actualisation needs. An exception may be made for that quadruped piranha, otherwise known as a Chihuahua.
Can dogs survive on their own
For a dog to survive in the wild, he will have to know how to hunt and find water.
The first need would be for water. Dogs are not as fussy as humans when it comes to drinking water so they will probably pass this hurdle. They may have digestive issues for a while but they will soon adapt.
Secondly, they will need food. For most dogs not living in the wild, this would be at 8 am and 4 pm every day. However, left to their own devices they will snack on anything, in between times.
Dogs are fortunate in that they are omnivores and their digestive systems will cope with eating proteins, fat, bones and starches. Many dogs do not even care how old their food is.
When dogs live in the wild, they will no doubt need to develop hunting skills in order to survive in the long run. Individual small dogs like terriers and Beagles need less food and will be able to follow small mammals into their burrows. They could also be agile enough to catch birds.
Hunting dogs, such as pointers, setters and beagles have an elevated prey drive and are relentless in tracking down small mammals and birds. Retrievers, Spaniels and Newfoundlands would have an advantage in the wetlands, and might even be successful at catching fish.
The social structure becomes important for slower, larger breeds, such as rottweilers and mastiffs as they will need to hunt in packs.
Canine species in the wild, such as jackals and wild dogs, do eat carrion, but they invariably need to compete with other animals to secure sufficient quantities. Individual dogs would not be able to live in the wild and survive as successfully as they won't can't compete as effectively.
Shelter is a concern for most domesticated dogs. However, in the wild, dogs who live outside will grow and shed hair in accordance with the changes in temperature. In extreme hot or cold climates, respectively, the Mexican Hairless and the Malamute would have an advantage.
In most other climates, even short-haired breeds will survive, with the help of their friends.
Although there is a dominance hierarchy and 'survival of the fittest' that comes into play, within the pack, the collective will take care of its members. For example, nursing mothers will be protected, and the very young fed by older siblings.
Research has shown that rather than breeding indiscriminately, the way street dogs do, packs of wild dogs have fewer offspring. Among African wild dogs, the most efficient hunting mammals on that continent, it is usually the alpha male and female that mate, thereby preserving the dominant genes most likely to lead to the survival of the pack.
Even domesticated dogs have a highly developed sense of smell and this will serve them well in identifying friend, foe and food in the wild. Dogs also have more pigment in their irises so can withstand bright light for longer than their human counterparts.
Photos of packs of feral dogs show a prevalence of medium to large, cross bred dogs, with short hair. Most are lean but not too muscular. Small dogs routinely punch above their weight and don't seem to survive when humans are not around to keep larger dogs in check.
After successive seasons, the pack would take on a uniform colour coat, suitable for adapting to the region. For example, in warmer areas, such as the desert, dogs tend to have lighter coloured coats. One could term them sandy-haired.
What dog breeds are likely to survive in the wild?
Among the small breeds, the Jack Russell and Cairn Terriers stand the best chances of survival. JRTs are energetic little dogs, bred to be rat catchers and to enter burrows in pursuit if their prey. Cairn Terriers are hardy wire-haired, Scottish dogs that seem to thrive in all weather conditions.
Spaniels and Beagles are slightly larger breeds. Beagles have a bad rap in that they are reportedly slower and do not match the intelligence of other hunting dogs. But they are dogged in pursuing their prey (their big ears help).
Spaniels have the same reputation but are better suited to the water.
The best mid-range dogs are collies, retrievers and heelers or cattle dogs. They bring all the attributes of the aforementioned breeds to the hunting party but have more bulk. The retrievers will sparkle in water.
For protection of the pack, and backup in a hunt, Doberman Pinschers are lithe, fast and aggressive. Rottweilers would make into the pack by virtue of their appearance, and any of the Pitbull types gain a place because of their reputation. These are both strong, powerful dogs with attitudes that do not invite opposition.
In the snow, Alaskan Malamutes have the intelligence, the work ethic and the strength required for long term survival. The large breeds, such as Pyrenean Mountain Dogs, St Bernards and Newfoundlands are all immensely powerful dogs with glowing reputations as working, carting and guard dogs.
The St Bernard, due to its record of Alpine rescues, has the honour of being the national dog of Switzerland.
Regional dogs, such as the Boerboel and the Rhodesian Ridgeback would be high on the list of survivors in the Southern African region. The Thai also have a Ridgeback, and in Indochina, you will find a formidable breed of domesticated dingo which would easily revert to being free range. The Irish Wolfhound would no doubt love to join its namesake in the wild.
Do dogs live longer in the wild?
Whilst there is no research to prove whether dogs live longer in the wild, the best assumption would be no, they do not. If you think of the risks such as illness with no vets, food sources, water, traffic, fights, and other potential predators, they life expectancy of a wild dog will be lower.
Can I release my dog into the wild?
Of course you can release your dog into the wild, but whether they will survive or not is another matter. Most dogs who have been domesticated will struggle to adapt when released into the wild.
As well as the ethics of releasing a dog into the wild, there are laws too.
For example, in the UK when you release a dog into the wild you are contravening the Wildlife and Countryside Act of 1981. Section 14 of the act prohibits releasing dogs into the wild as a non-native animal.
After rats and cats, feral dogs have become the world's third largest human-introduced threat to wildlife. They are responsible for the extinction of almost a dozen species of birds and mammals, and are thought to be a threat to another 200 species, some of which are on the endangered list.
Releasing a dog into the wild is both


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«EIA FOR THREE 10MW PHOTOVOLTAIC (SOLAR) ENERGY FACILITIES PROPOSED FOR MARIENTAL, OMARURU AND OKAHANDJA BACKROUND INFORMATION DOCUMENT PURPOSE OF ...»
EIA for three proposed 10 MW photovoltaic (solar) energy facilities at Mariental, Omaruru and Okahandja, Namibia
EIA FOR THREE 10MW PHOTOVOLTAIC
(SOLAR) ENERGY FACILITIES
PROPOSED FOR MARIENTAL, OMARURU
BACKROUND INFORMATION DOCUMENT
PURPOSE OF THIS DOCUMENTThe purpose of this Background Information Document (BID) is to provide stakeholders with a background to three proposed solar energy facilities and to invite Interested and Affected Parties (I&APs) to register in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process. By registering as an I&AP, stakeholders can submit comments on the proposed solar energy facilities and be kept informed throughout the EIA. This BID includes the following
Introduction How does the EIA Process work?
What is Public Participation and how do you get involved?
What is proposed and where?
Why are solar energy facilities needed and what benefits are anticipated?
How does a typical solar energy facility work?
What alternatives are being considered?
Potential environmental impacts associated with the project Way forward Introduction Namibia Power Corporation (Pty) Ltd (NamPower) propose to off-take power from an Independent Power Producer (IPP) or Producers (IPP's). The power will be generated from three individual 10 megawatt (MW) photovoltaic (PV) solar energy facilities at three separate locations in Namibia namely; Mariental, Omaruru and Okahandja (Figure 3).
In terms of the Namibian environmental legislation (Environmental Management Act (No. 7 of 2007)), an EIA is required to obtain an Environmental Clearance Certificate from the Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET) before the project can proceed. As a preferred IPP or IPP's has not yet been selected, NamPower has appointed Aurecon South Africa (Pty) Ltd (Aurecon) to undertake the EIA study to investigate the biophysical and socio- economic environmental issues. The findings will help inform MET's decision-making and to inform the design and operation of the three proposed PV solar energy facilities.
HOW DOES THE EIA PROCESS WORK?An EIA is a process that evaluates the biophysical and socio-economic characteristics of proposed projects and the consequences of the project on the environment and the people that live in the area affected by the project activities.
Where negative impacts are likely to result from the project, measures can be recommended to avoid or lessen these impacts to a level where the impacts are considered acceptable from a biophysical and social perspective. Where positive impacts are likely to result from the project, measures can be recommended to increase these impacts. The EIA process also provides I&APs with opportunities to comment on the project and to be kept informed about decisions that may impact on them or the environment. The various stages of the consultation within the EIA process are shownin Figure 2.
Figure 1 | Locality Map indicating the project locations The EIA process would typically consist of a scoping phase and an EIA phase. However, MET's decision can be informed by the scoping report if sufficient information is provided at this stage. Due to the impacts of solar energy facilities being well understood, the scoping report will include specialist assessments of the proposed project, assessments of all anticipated impacts and mitigation measures to address the anticipated impacts which should be sufficient for decision making by MET.It is therefore anticipated that the project would not need to proceed to the EIA phase.
Okahandja) and on the Aurecon website (_URL_) and the NamPower website (_URL_) Registered I&APs will also be informed of the availability of the Draft Scoping Report for a 14 day comment period, during which period the public will have the opportunity to review the draft document and raise any issues or concerns Advertising the decision received from MET and affording an opportunity to I&APs to appeal the decision.
WHAT IS PROPOSED AND WHERE?
NamPower identified three existing substations into which each of the proposed solar energy facilities could feed, based on the grid capacity, network of existing transmission lines, the national map of solar radiation indicating the average sunshine hours per day and location of the largest source of demand. The three substations identified were the Hardap substation near Mariental, Omburu substation near Omaruru and Osona substation near Okahandja.
Three alternative sites, were identified at each substation and assessed by specialists. Each alternative site is approximately 100 hectare (ha) in extent and within a 5km radius from the substation. All sites are located on farming land, which are currently used for stock grazing, transmission line corridors and are uninhabited. A site selection process was undertaken to select the preferred three sites (one alternative site per substation location). The site selection process will be detailed in the Scoping Report. It should be noted that Osona site 1 was decreased in size as a small hill, considered to be sensitive in a number of aspects, was distorting the findings for the site and hence was excluded from the original 100 ha site for the site selection process. The following sites were selected as the
preferred sites (see Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 5):
Hardap site 1 on Farm Koichas 89 close to Mariental, Hardap Region (referred to as Hardap site);
Omburu site 3 located on Omaruru Townlands Portion B, 2215 close to Omaruru, Erongo Region (referred to as Omaruru site); and Osona site 1 located on Portion C of Farm Gross Barmen 7 near Okahandja, Otjozondjupa Region (referred to as Osona site).
An area of 35ha is generally required to construct a 10MW PV solar energy facility. Areas with a footprint of 35ha were therefore identified within the 100ha sites, informed by sensitive features on site, which were excluded from the development area.
Each of the proposed 10MW solar energy facilities would consist of the following:
Photovoltaic component: numerous rows of PV panels and associated support infrastructure to generate electricity.
Transmission corridor: one overhead 66kV transmission line located within the transmission corridor to connect the proposed onsite substation to the existing main substation.
On-site substation: the on-site substation to collect the electricity produced on site and step it up to the correct voltage to transfer via the transmission line to the existing main central substation.
Access road corridor: a 100m corridor to accommodate the access road for constructing, servicing and maintaining the facility.
Buildings: operation and maintenance buildings to house equipment and a guard cabin for security.
Additional infrastructure: includes a boundary fence for health, safety and security reasons; water supply infrastructure for groundwater abstraction and storm water infrastructure, if required.
WHY ARE SOLAR ENERGY FACILITIES NEEDED AND WHAT BENEFITS AREANTICIPATED?
Namibia has a high reliance on power imports (on average 60%, but up to 80 % during dry seasons). A number of Namibia's energy import agreements are about to end and if not renewed, Namibia is likely to face a capacity deficit in its electricity generation from 2015.
This is based on current growth forecasts of its electricity demands (peak demand of 534MW with a 4% per annum growth)1. In order to address the potential capacity deficit, and to take advantage of the good solar resource in Namibia, NamPower is proposing to purchase electricity from solar energy facilities.
Renewable energy is recognised internationally as a major contributor in diminishing the negative effects of climate change, as well as providing a wide range of biophysical environmental, economic and social benefits that can contribute towards long-term global sustainability. These impacts include, amongst others, reduction of greenhouses gases emitted per unit of electricity, reduced reliance on fossil fuelled power stations, employment benefits and associated social upliftments, improvement in electricity security and diversity, and expenditure in local economy.
The proposed solar energy facilities are therefore expected to contribute positively towards climate change mitigation. The establishment of the proposed solar energy facilities would also help to meet the current national electricity demand, which far exceeds supply. Furthermore, the proposed projects would assist Namibia in meeting its international obligations by aligning domestic policy with internationally agreed strategies and standards as set by the Kyoto Protocol and United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, to which Namibia is a signatory.
HOW DOES A TYPICAL PV SOLAR ENERGY FACILITY WORK?
Solar panels capture light energy from the sun to generate electricity through a process known as the PV effect, where light energy energise the electrons to produce electricity (see Figure 62). There are various types of solar panels, but for the proposed PV solar energy facilities Conventional PV solar cells are proposed.
WHAT ALTERNATIVES ARE BEING CONSIDERED?
The best suitable site at each location (Mariental, Omaruru and Okahandja) was selected through the Multi-criteria Decision-Making process. This is therefore forms the assessment of alternatives and only the preferred site location alternative will be assessed in detail against the "no-go" option in the assessment phase. Mounting alternatives and access road alternatives will however be considered in the EIA process. For all three sites, two mounting alternatives
to fasten the panel to the frame will be considered, namely:
a) Single-Axis Tracking PV: The panels are fixed on a a b single axis that follows the seasonal sun to ensure maximum exposure to sunlight as indicated in in Figure 7a.
b) Fixed Tilt PV: This is typically a rack mounted system of panel arrays on frames and installed at a fixed angle (see Figure 7b). These arrays would be uniformly aligned to facilitate efficient sun energy capture. Figure 7 | Mounting Alternatives


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Do you want to learn how to clean your rabbits' feet?
Rabbits are known for their impeccable grooming habits. However, there are certain areas, such as their feet, that they may struggle to keep clean on their own. This can lead to several health problems, including sore hocks and infections.
In this article, we'll let you know how to effectively clean your rabbit's feet and the importance of doing so regularly.
Why Clean a Rabbit's Feet?
Cleaning a rabbit's feet is essential to their overall health and well-being.
Their feet can become soiled with urine, feces, or other types of dirt, which can lead to bacterial infections if left uncleaned.
Moreover, excessive moisture or dirt can cause sore hocks, a painful condition where the fur on the bottom of a rabbit's feet wears away, leading to raw, exposed skin.
By regularly cleaning your rabbit's feet, you can help prevent these issues and keep your bunny healthy.
Before you start cleaning your rabbit's feet, ensure you have the following tools:
- A soft cloth or baby wipes (fragrance-free)
- Warm water
- Towel for drying
- Antiseptic cream or powder (consult your vet for suitable options)
- A comfortable, non-slip surface to work on
How To Clean Rabbits Feet?
Here are the step-by-step guides to follow:
Step 1: Prepare the Cleaning Area
Start by laying out a comfortable, non-slip surface where you can work on cleaning your rabbit's feet.
This could be a table with a towel or mat on top.
Having a non-slip surface would prevent the rabbit from slipping and injuring itself during the cleaning process.
Step 2: Secure the Rabbit
Hold your rabbit gently but firmly to avoid any sudden movements. Make sure to support its hindquarters and keep it calm by stroking it gently.
Step 3: Inspect the Feet
Before cleaning, inspect your rabbit's feet for any signs of injury, sores, or abnormalities. If you notice anything unusual, consult your vet before proceeding with the cleaning.
Step 4: Clean the Feet with a Damp Cloth
Dip a soft cloth or use a baby wipe to gently clean the rabbit's feet. Be sure to clean between the toes and around the nails, where dirt can accumulate.
Avoid using any harsh chemicals or soap as these can irritate the skin.
Step 5: Dry the Feet
After cleaning, you should thoroughly dry your rabbit's feet.
Any lingering moisture can provide a breeding ground for bacteria and lead to infections or sore hocks. Use a soft towel to pat the feet dry gently.
Step 6: Apply Antiseptic Cream or Powder
Once the feet are dry, you can apply a small amount of antiseptic cream or powder.
This can help to prevent any potential infections. Always consult with your vet about suitable products for your rabbit.
Prevention is always better than cure. Here are some ways to prevent your rabbit's feet from getting dirty:
1. Regular Grooming
Regular grooming can help keep your rabbit clean and minimize the risk of soiled feet.
This includes brushing its fur to remove loose hair and checking its feet regularly for dirt or injuries.
2. Avoid Wet or Dirty Ground
Rabbits should not be kept on wet or dirty surfaces as these can lead to soiled feet and related health problems.
Make sure your rabbit's living area is dry and clean at all times.
3. Provide a Clean Living Environment
A clean living environment is crucial for your rabbit's overall health.
This includes regularly cleaning their hutch or cage, replacing bedding frequently, and ensuring they have access to clean food and water.
Cleaning Other Areas
Cleaning your rabbit's feet is important, But maintaining their overall cleanliness is much more important.
This includes brushing their fur regularly to remove loose hair, checking their ears for any signs of mites or infection, and monitoring their eyes for any discharge or redness.
Additionally, rabbits' teeth continuously grow throughout their lives, so you should provide them with plenty of hay and chew toys to prevent their teeth from overgrowing.
Occasionally, dental check-ups might be necessary to ensure their teeth are in good shape.
Here are some frequently asked questions.
Why Are My Bunnies Feet So Dirty?
A rabbit's feet can get dirty due to various reasons such as unclean cages, muddy outdoor play, or health issues like diarrhea.
If the cage isn't cleaned regularly, feces and urine can build up, leading to dirty feet. Also, if your rabbit spends time outdoors, it can track in dirt or mud.
Can I Use Baby Wipes On Rabbits Feet?
Yes, you can use baby wipes to clean your rabbit's feet, but make sure they are unscented and alcohol-free.
Don't force your rabbit if they are uncomfortable, and ensure they are completely dry afterward to avoid chilling.
Do Rabbits Clean Their Own Feet?
Rabbits are generally clean animals and will groom themselves, including their feet. However, sometimes they may need assistance, especially if they've stepped on something, particularly dirty or sticky.
How To Clean Rabbits Feet With Vinegar?
For more thorough cleaning, you can use a diluted solution of white vinegar and water (1:1 ratio).
Dip a soft cloth into the solution, then gently wipe your rabbit's feet.
Be careful not to let the solution get into any open wounds or scratches. Also, make sure to dry your rabbit's feet thoroughly afterward.
How To Clean Rabbits Feet At Home?
Aside from using baby wipes or a vinegar solution, you can also use warm water and a soft cloth to clean your rabbit's feet.
Always be gentle, and make sure to thoroughly dry your rabbit's feet after cleaning them.
How To Clean Rabbits Feet For Show?
For show rabbits, you should keep their feet and fur clean and well-groomed.
There's not much difference from what we have outlined above for non-show rabbits.
Cleaning your rabbit's feet is a simple but important part of their care routine.
It not only helps to prevent health issues but also provides an opportunity for you to check for any potential problems.
With the right tools and a gentle touch, you can ensure your rabbit stays healthy and clean.
We hope this article helped you know how to clean rabbits' feet. If you have any further questions, comment below and we will answer them.


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specifics of how the goal is to be satisfied is not described by the goal. This can be described through task decomposition.
Softgoals are similar to (hard) goals except that the criteria for the goal's satisfaction are not clear-cut, it is judged to be sufficiently satisfied from the point of view of the actor. The means to satisfy such goals are described via contribution links from other elements. The notion of softgoal satisfaction is described by the term satisficed meaning sufficiently satisfied. The converse is still described as denied.
The actor wants to accomplish some specific task, performed in a particular way. A description of the specifics of the task may be described by decomposing the task into further sub-elements.
The actor desires the provision of some entity, physical or informational. This type of elements assumes there are no open issues or questions concerning how the entity will be achieved.
A belief is a condition about the world that the actor holds to be true. The actual degree of truth (As indicated by evaluation labels) is influence by contributions from other beliefs. A belief is distinct from a goal in that the actor has no explicit desire to make the specified condition become true. Beliefs can effect other elements in the model via contribution links. Such links can effect other links, saying that this belief effects the effect of an element on another, or can have a direct effect on softgoals.
3.2.3 Means-Ends Links
These links indicate a relationship between an end, and a means for attaining it. The "means" is expressed in the form of a task, since the notion of task embodies how to do something, with the "end" is expressed as a goal. In the graphical notation, the arrowhead points from the means to the end.
3.2.4 Decomposition Links
A task element is linked to its component nodes by decomposition links. A task can be decomposed into four types of elements: a subgoal, a subtask, a resource, and/or a softgoal - corresponding to the four types of elements. The task can be decomposed into one to many of these elements. These elements can also be part of dependency links in Strategic Dependency model(s) when the reasoning goes beyond an actor's boundary.
- Task-Goal Decomposition: Subgoal. In this kind of decomposition it is not specified how the goal is to be achieved, allowing alternatives to be considered.
- Task-Task Decomposition: subtask. When a task is specified as a subcomponent of a (higher) task, this restricts the higher task to that particular course of action.
- Task-Resource Decomposition: resourceFor: The entity represented by the resource is not considered problematic by the actor. The main concern is whether it is available (and from whom, if it is an external dependency).
- Task SoftGoal Decomposition: softgoalFor: When a softgoal is a component in a task decomposition, it serves as a quality goal for that task, and thus guides (or restricts) the selection among alternatives in further decomposition of that and other tasks.
3.2.5 Contribution Links
A positive contribution strong enough to satisfice a softgoal.
Either a make or a help contribution, a positive contribution whose strength is unknown.
A partial positive contribution, not sufficient by itself to satisfice the softgoal.
A contribution to a softgoal whose polarity is unknown.
A negative contribution sufficient enough to deny a softgoal.
Either a break or a hurt contribution, a negative contribution whose strength is unknown.
A partial negative contribution, not sufficient by itself to deny the softgoal.
The parent is satisficed if any of the offspring are satisficed.
The parent is satisficed if all of the offspring are satisficed.
3.2.6 Strategic Rationale Example Model: Buyer Drive E-Commerce from Yu01
4. ReferencesYu01 Yu, Eric. Presentation: Strategic Actor Relationships Modelling with i*, December 13-14, 2001, IRST, Trento, Italy.
Yu95 E. Yu. Modelling Strategic Relationships for Process Reengineering Ph.D. Thesis. Dept. of Computer Science, University of Toronto. 1995.
The evolution of i* syntax, deviating from the original description in Yu95 has occurred over the course of many papers. Such work can be found in the i* Readings Roadmap.


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Mass of candle 0.72 g before burning. What is the mass of the products of this reaction? Would that be the same thing as weighing the candle again (the mass is 0.27 g after burning)?
Refer to explanation
Reweighing the candle before and after burning just shows how much fuel was burnt.
Typical candle wax is an alkane such as hentriacontane, so write a chemical formula for the combustion of this alkane.
Work out the moles for this alkane.
The mole ratio of the alkane to
Multiply the moles of
Hence for water, do 0.0511 moles times by its formula mass, 18.
#0.0511*18= 0.92g of water.
(I may have overcomplicated it a bit)


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Both villains and monsters are considered antagonists, but there are differences between the two. You'll want to choose which version of antagonist you're using based on the purpose and tone of your story.
Monsters and Villains: What's the Difference and When Do I Use Them?
The Main Difference Between Villains and Monsters
You probably think this is an easy one. "Well, monsters are... monstrous. Villains aren't." This isn't quite correct. The concentration in this statement is on looks. You're probably thinking about size, shape, and "otherness." But there can be "monstrous-looking" villains (Two-Face, for instance) and monsters that are humanoid (Sil, discussed later).
The main difference between villains and monsters is pretty simple: it all comes down to motivation.
You probably consider motivation with your protagonist, but do you do it with your antagonist? You should. Otherwise, your antagonist is flat and uninteresting. Not to mention probably not really scary (if scary's what you're going for).
No matter what character you're writing (including B characters!), you should always, always understand their motivation.
The Monster vs. Villain Spectrum
Consider a spectrum. On the left side is a pure monster. The right side is a pure villain. There's a sliding scale in between.
I said this all comes down to motivation, right? So your pure monster on the left has base motivations, like breeding, feeding, and surviving. There's no reasoning with a monster, as they have no sympathy for you. They are pure id.
Examples: Jaws, The BlobAlien. All of these monsters have the desire to eat and/or breed. They are a machine in that respect.
(A machine can also be an antagonist, by the way, though whether it's a monster or a villain depends on how it came to be. A sentient AI, for example, would be more villain. A rogue robot would be more monster.)
Note: Just because monsters have simplistic motivation doesn't mean you don't have to put work into their development. Check out this post on how to create great monsters.
Now let's look at the right side of the spectrum and consider the motivation of the pure villain. There is no right answer to the motivation of a villain. A villain is (typically) humanoid, and as such has a wealth of backstory, personality traits, and goals/desires. A villain is more difficult to develop because of this. You need to spend just as much time considering them as you do your protagonist.
Examples: Hannibal Lecter, Voldemort, Nurse Ratched, Lex Luthor, the Joker, Darth Vader... I think you get the point. Villains are rounded characters with often relatable and/or sympathetic characteristics. They're capable of interacting without violence and can be thoughtful instead of rash. They're complicated.
The Spectrum's Middle
So you've got your pure monster to the left and your pure villain to the right. What's in the middle?
Let's consider Dracula. He's humanoid, but he's not human. His motivations include feeding, but that's not the only thing he wants. He's a complicated mix of monster and villain, so he goes in the middle. I would place him to the right of the middle, as his motivations (and looks) are more humanoid than monstrous.
Now let's look at Pennywise, the clown from Stephen King's It. He's mostly inhuman in appearance (especially in the book), compulsively generates fear, and feeding is definitely up there on his priority list. Those are checkmarks for the monster column.
But he also loathes the band of friends, is able to communicate without being violent, and revenge plays a major part in his motivation to terrorize the main characters. Those are villainous qualities. Pennywise goes in the middle of the spectrum as a nice mix of villain and monster.
One more example of someone in the middle: Sil from the movie Species. Sil is humanoid (she's alien DNA spliced with human DNA and considered very beautiful), yet her motivation is to survive so she can breed.
While Sil does have a sympathetic background (she was made in a lab and her creators tried to kill her as a child), she's not a sympathetic character in the slightest. She's single-minded and often unnecessarily violent.
Sil belongs in the middle, quite close to the left/monster side of the spectrum, despite being humanoid in appearance most of the time. See, not every monster is monstrous-looking.
When to Use a Monster
Since monsters have rather simplistic motivations, they add a threat to a story and to your main characters. There's a lot of fear surrounding monsters, so they are much more common in horror stories than anywhere else. Not that villains can't inspire fear, but the nature of a monster makes fear a more natural state.
Monsters are, after all, "other" and more unsympathetic. It's easier for the protagonist to kill a monster.
A story using a monster as an antagonist has plenty of room for character development for your protagonist. Use a monster when you want to put a lot of focus on your main character and their struggles.
There's very little in the way of explaining a monster's backstory or worrying about his motivations (because he's trying to eat you). The focus is on survival for the main characters and their character arcs in the process.
The most common character arc here is the main character going from "weak" to "strong" in order to defeat the monster.
When to Use a Villain
Villains bring tension to your story. Like monsters, they can also bring fear, but since their motivations are more cerebral and they tend to look human, pure fear is less common.
The character arc of your protagonist is directly affected by the villain, as it is by monsters, but in a more nuanced way. Protagonists can often be tempted by, or sympathetic toward, villains in a way they can't be with monsters. Character arcs for your main characters when up against a villain are also more interesting.
Rather than focusing more on survival for your main characters, you can look at morality, wit, dedication to ideals, anything really.
What's the Purpose of Your Story?
The purpose is where you should start with every story. In other words, what's your story's motivation?
Are you going for a fear fest? Are you wanting to point out problems with society? Are you wanting your main character to struggle with their own morality? Do you want to develop a really kickass creature to let loose on a town?
What if it's a little bit of all of the above? Then develop a monstrous villain or a villainous monster!
Your antagonist in every situation is there to serve your story. Think about how you want them to serve your story, and the best way to have them do so, before you start writing and you'll be well on your way to developing an awesome story!
Think about Frankenstein's monster. Where do you think he falls on the Monster vs. Villain Spectrum? Let me know in the comments!
Today you're going to develop an antagonist. First, choose whether you want to develop a monster or a villain. (If you're going for monster, definitely check out this post on building great monsters. If you're going for a villain, you'll need backstory, personality traits, etc.)
Then, set a timer for fifteen minutes. Develop your monster or villain. In either case, DON'T FORGET THE MOTIVATION!
When you're done, share your writing in the comments. Don't forget to comment on your fellow writers' work!
Sarah Gribble
Sarah Gribble
Sarah Gribble is the author of dozens of short stories that explore uncomfortable situations, basic fears, and the general awe and fascination of the unknown. She just released Surviving Death, her first novel, and is currently working on her next book.
Follow her on Instagram or join her email list for free scares.
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out number 2
Boot media locking button
Callout number 3
Replacement System Management module
 1. Remove the System Management module from the impaired controller module:
 1. Depress the system management cam button. The cam lever moves away from the chassis.
 2. Rotate the cam lever all the way down.
 3. Loop your finger into the cam lever and pull the module straight out of the system.
 2. Install the system management module into the replacement controller module in the same slot that it was in on the impaired controller module:
 1. Align the edges of the System Management module with the system opening and gently push it into the controller module.
 2. Gently slide the module into the slot until the cam latch begins to engage with the I/O cam pin, and then rotate the cam latch all the way up to lock the module in place.
Step 8: Move the NVRAM module
Move the NVRAM module to the replacement controller module.
Remove the NVRAM12 module and DIMMs
Callout number 1
Cam locking button
Callout number 2
DIMM locking tab
 1. Remove the NVRAM module from the impaired controller module:
 1. Depress the cam latch button.
 The cam button moves away from the chassis.
 2. Rotate the cam latch as far as it will go.
 3. Remove the NVRAM module from the enclosure by hooking your finger into the cam lever opening and pulling the module out of the enclosure.
 2. Install the NVRAM module into slot 4/5 in the replacement controller module:
 1. Align the module with the edges of the chassis opening in slot 4/5.
 2. Gently slide the module into the slot all the way, and then push the cam latch all the way up to lock the module in place.
Step 9: Install the controller module
Reinstall the controller module and reboot it.
 1. Ensure the air duct is completely closed by rotating it down as far as it will go.
 It must lie flush against the controller module sheet metal.
 2. Align the end of the controller module with the opening in the chassis, and then gently push the controller module halfway into the system.
 Note Do not completely insert the controller module in the chassis until instructed to do so.
 3. Recable the system, as needed.
 If you removed the transceivers (QSFPs or SFPs), remember to reinstall them if you are using fiber optic cables.
 4. Complete the reinstallation of the controller module:
 1. Firmly push the controller module into the chassis until it meets the midplane and is fully seated.
 The locking latches rise when the controller module is fully seated.
 Note Do not use excessive force when sliding the controller module into the chassis to avoid damaging the connectors.
 1. Rotate the locking latches upward into the locked position.
 5. Plug the power cords into the power supplies.
 Note If you have DC power supplies, reconnect the power block to the power supplies after the controller module is fully seated in the chassis.
 The controller module boots when power is restored. If it boots to the LOADER prompt, reboot the controller with the boot_ontap command.
 6. Restore automatic giveback if you disabled it by using the storage failover modify -node local -auto-giveback true command.
 7. If AutoSupport is enabled, restore/unsuppress automatic case creation by using the system node autosupport invoke -node * -type all -message MAINT=END command.
 8. If you have not already done so, reinstall the cable management device and recable the controller.


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Ratio and Proportion
Date: 7/4/96 at 19:21:20 From: Anonymous Subject: Ratio and Proportion Six men can complete a piece of work in one day while 5 boys would take 2 days to complete the same piece of job. 44 men can build a tower in 5 days; how long will 40 men and 80 boys take to build the tower?
Date: 7/5/96 at 8:37:52 From: Doctor Anthony Subject: Re: Ratio and Proportion From the first statement, 3 men would take 2 days to do the job. It follows that 5 boys are equivalent to 3 men. Since we have 80 boys building the tower, these boys are equivalent to (3/5)*80 = 48 men. So the total workforce on the tower is equivalent to 40+48 = 88 men If 44 men take 5 days, then 88 men would take 5/2 = 2 +1/2 days. -Doctor Anthony, The Math Forum Check out our web site! _URL_
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