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A dog drinking from the toilet – or a cat, for that matter – isn't that uncommon. But why would your pet prefer the flowing water from a toilet bowl when they have a water dish? Is it even safe for your pet to drink water this way?
An Easy Answer
Turns out, the reason for a dog drinking from the toilet really isn't a mystery. The water in a toilet bowl is often fresher than what your pet has in their water dish. The porcelain in the toilet keeps the water cool. And flushing keeps that cool water oxygenated.
As humans, we may think this dog behavior is gross. But your pet doesn't see it that way. Even if your dog knew the true use of that toilet, they probably wouldn't care. Also, the sound of flowing water is often times too much to resist!
It's the same thing as when your cat jumps up on your kitchen counter when the sink is running – or when your dog goes crazy over water coming out of a garden hose. Dogs and cats are naturally attracted to flowing water.1
Another Potential Reason for the Toilet Bowl Attraction
dog drinking from the toilet | Ultimate Pet NutritionWhile the urge to drink flowing water may be primal, there's another possible reason your dog prefers drinking from a toilet bowl. Your household could be why.
If you have a lot of kids in your family, or other pets, your home might be chaotic. Your dog may actually prefer the solitude of the bathroom to a water dish in the middle of a busy kitchen.
So, Is It Safe?
Can drinking from a toilet bowl harm your dog's health? Well, there are a couple of different viewpoints on this strange behavior. One says that the modern toilet bowl is actually very sanitary. Your kitchen, shower drain, or even your toothbrush contains a lot more bacteria than your toilet bowl.2
Many experts and pet parents feel otherwise.
Humans clean their toilet bowl with a lot of harsh chemicals.
While these chemicals are diluted in toilet water, they still exist. That can sometimes lead to problems when a pet decides to drink from the toilet.
In some areas of the country, people put antifreeze in their toilets during the winter. This helps keep the bathroom pipes from freezing.3 But ingesting antifreeze can be lethal for a pet.4
Water Quality and Other Potential Issues
Some people believe that water in a toilet is healthier than water in many other areas of the home. But it's not the same as the water that comes from your tap. Despite what some may say, toilet water contains bacteria that might make your pet sick.
There is also an injury risk associated with a dog drinking from the toilet. This is especially true if your pet is very small. Your pup could actually fall in the bowl and become trapped. A larger dog could be injured if their paw slips on the side of the bowl.
How to Stop Your Dog Drinking from the Toilet
Water from the toilet bowl might taste fresh and delicious to your pet. But the potential dangers outweigh the benefits. Does your pup like to sip from the toilet bowl? There are some things you can do to stop this type of dog behavior.
 - dog drinking from the toilet | Ultimate Pet NutritionRestrict access to the toilet bowl. Keep the bathroom door shut, or at least keep the toilet seat lid down.
 If you have a big family, and the toilet gets a lot of work during the day, consider installing a toilet lid lock. The toilet will stay closed when not in use.
 - Keep fresh water in your dog's water dish. Change it out four or five times a day, and put ice cubes in the water so it stays cool.
By keeping your dog's water fresh and cool and limiting access to the toilet bowl, you might be able to break your dog's habit.
What if Your Pet Just Has to Drink Water from the Toilet?
If your pet simply can't stay away from the toilet bowl, try a different water dish. Get one made out of ceramic or plastic if the current bowl is metal. A pet fountain might be another option. Your dog will drink water that is continually fresh as a result.
If ice cubes and fresh water don't get the job done, talk to your vet. They may have some other recommendations to help flush Fido's toilet bowl drinking habit!
Learn More:
How to Introduce Your New Pet to the Family
Why Does My Cat Bring Me Dead Things?


Definitions for bombardment
Definitions for (noun) bombardment
Main entry: bombardment, bombing
Definition: an attack by dropping bombs
Main entry: bombardment
Main entry: barrage, barrage fire, battery, bombardment, shelling
Definition: the heavy fire of artillery to saturate an area rather than hit a specific target
Usage: they laid down a barrage in front of the advancing troops; the shelling went on for hours without pausing
Main entry: onslaught, outpouring, bombardment, barrage
Definition: the rapid and continuous delivery of linguistic communication (spoken or written)
Usage: a barrage of questions; a bombardment of mail complaining about his mistake
Visual thesaurus for bombardment


revert to type
Definition of revert to type
chiefly British
 1. : to go back to doing what one usually does After this one atypical comedy, will he revert to type in his next film?
Word by Word Definitions
 1. : to come or go back (as to a former condition, period, or subject)
 : to return to an ancestral type
 1. : a particular kind, class, or group
 : something distinguishable as a variety : sort
 : a member of an indicated class or variety of people
 1. : to write something on a typewriter or enter data into a computer by way of a keyboard
 : keyboard
Seen and Heard
What made you want to look up revert to type? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).
to cast off or become cast off
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I can t keep principal and principle clear Can you help
Principal as an adjective means first in importance. As a noun, principal means the head of a school.
Example: The principal reason that Nelson was chosen to be principal of our school was her dedication.
Principle is a noun meaning a fundamental truth or law upon which others are based, or a rule of conduct.
Example: The principal's principles were questioned by the parent group.


Why You Shouldn't Get Your Pet High
Cannabis may be harmless to people, but that doesn't mean you should get your pet high.
Why You Shouldn't Get Your Pet High
There comes a time when you're sitting around, enjoying your own stoned thoughts and your pet walks into the room. You wonder: Would they enjoy this as much as I do? In short, don't share the herb, especially if that means blowing smoke in your pet's face. Here's why you shouldn't get your pet high.
A doggie high is different than a human high
Getting your pet high can be dangerous. According to experts, weed can lower a dog's blood pressure and heart rate, and cause them enormous stress.
It's unlikely that your pet will be seriously hurt, or die, from marijuana, but the smaller the animal, the greater the risk. The number one reason why you shouldn't get your pet high is how unsafe marijuana can be for animals.
Like humans, dogs, cats and all mammals experience 'highs' from marijuana due to the cannabinoid receptors found in the brain. In fact, dogs have more of these receptors, so they get more high than humans do.
Animals' size also plays a role in how an animal experiences marijuana. What might contribute to a subtle high for you could get your pet high for over a day. In doggie years, a day is a long time.
If your pet gets high, accidentally or not, take it to the vet as soon as possible. They could need medication, administered orally or intravenously, to counter the effects of marijuana.
If you're worried about the consequences of giving your pet weed, know that you won't get in trouble at the vet. What is most important for the veterinarian and for you is getting your pet the right medical attention, and being honest about what happened.
They don't understand what it means to be 'stoned'.
Why You Shouldn't Get Your Pet High
Unlike humans who understand, and enjoy, everything from the mellowest of mellows to full-blown couch-lock, animals, no matter how smart, have no idea what's going on.
The stress animals feel when they're high can exacerbate the symptoms listed above. Even if your pet enjoyed the feeling of being stoned, which is unlikely, it didn't consent to this experience.
Getting anyone or anything high against its will is unethical. And it's totally not what cannabis culture is about.
Other ingredients in edibles can get your pet sick.
The most common form of edible is the pot brownie. Unluckily for dogs, who often consume edibles accidentally, pot brownies contain two ingredients that are unsafe for dogs: weed and chocolate.
As most pet owners know, chocolate is poisonous to dogs. It is for cats, too, though they are less unlikely to eat it unless encouraged. At best, chocolate will make your dog throw up on their own.
When dogs eat a lot of chocolate, they can experience seizures, diarrhea and extreme anxiety. For cats, chocolate is even more dangerous and can result in death.
With the combined effects of psychoactive marijuana and chocolate, edibles pose a huge risk to pets. If your pet eats an edible, take them to the vet as soon as possible.
You can also check out these at-home tips on what to do if your dog eats a chocolate edible.
Are CBD products dangerous for animals?
Why You Shouldn't Get Your Pet High
There is huge momentum in the medical community to use CBD as a treatment for a variety of illnesses. Whether you're looking to stop PMS, or for an alternative treatment to a serious condition like epilepsy, CBD could be the answer.
Understanding the medical and medicinal, many pet-owners are wondering what CBD can do for their pets. As many know, CBD is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid in marijuana, meaning that unlike THC, CBD won't get you or your pet high.
While both compounds have enormous health benefits, CBD is less ethnically problematic when considering cannabis for pet care.
It's important to remember that very little research has been conducted on the effects of cannabis, CBD-specific or otherwise, on animals.
What we do know is that CBD may function as an alleviate to many of the conditions affecting humans and animals alike.
Some sources believe that CBD products can help their pets with seizures, nausea, pain management, and arthritis.
Final Hit: Why You Shouldn't Get your Pet High
Weed is extremely potent for animals because of their size and the subtle difference between their endocannabinoid systems and ours. Not only can weed really harm your pet, it can also cause psychological stress.
There are a lot of health and ethical reasons why you shouldn't get your pets high with psychoactive THC.
When it comes to CBD, we'd suggest using your own discretion. There is a lot we don't know about this miracle cannabinoid when it comes to health, especially animal health. But if it seems to provide a holistic remedy to your animal's health issues, we're all for it.
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Sea-eagle nests sighted in Orissa
At least 10 nests of the endangered birds have been sighted in Orissa.india Updated: Aug 11, 2006 21:21 IST
At least 10 nests of the highly endangered white-bellied sea eagles have been sighted in Orissa's Bhitarkanika National Park.
While four nests were sighted in the Bagagahana area of the park, about 170 km from the capital Bhubaneswar, the others were spotted in the Eakakula and Barahamundia areas, divisional forest officer Ajay Kumar Jena said.
"Although in previous years we had sighted the nests of white-bellied sea eagles in the park, they were restricted to four. This is the first time that such a large number of nests have been spotted," Jena told IANS.
Last year, forest officials had rescued an injured fledgling of the species from a nest at Eakakula, treated its wounds and then released it.
Each female white-bellied sea eagle lays two eggs at a time and fledglings take about a month to emerge from the eggs. The bird can spread its wings up to a distance of seven feet and local people call it 'Kurabala', or the king of birds.
Other rare and endangered birds like the brahminy kite also nest on tall trees near riverbanks and creeks within Bhitarkanika. "Spoonbills and black-necked storks have also been sighted on a few occasions in the Gahiramatha coast and the Habalapatia areas of the sanctuary."
Orissa has three prominent bird habitats - Bhitarkanika, Nalabana Island in the Chilika Lake, about 100 km from here, and the Nandankanan botanical garden on the outskirts of Bhubaneswar.
Migratory birds rush to these locations during winter but they never nest. However, local birds gather in the first week of July and stay up to September every year if the weather is conducive.
The Bhitarkanika sanctuary is also known for its estuarine crocodiles and as a rookery of Olive Ridley sea turtles.
First Published: Aug 11, 2006 21:21 IST

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
- In the LifeKeeper GUI, click the icon to open the Create Resource Wizard. Select the "SAP HANA" Recovery Kit.
- Enter the following values to create and extend a LifeKeeper resource (HANA-SPS_HDB00) to protect the HDB00 database instance on node-a and node-b. Note that the resulting resource should not be extended to node-c, the witness node. The icon indicates that the default option is chosen.
|Create Resource Wizard|
|SAP HANA SID||SPS|
|SAP HANA Instance for SPS||HDB00|
|IP child resource||none|
|Extend gen/app Resource Hierarchy Wizard|
Once the HANA-SPS_HDB00 resource has been successfully created and extended to node-b, the LifeKeeper resource panel should look similar to the following. Note that the names of the resources providing failover functionality for the SAP HANA virtual IP/hostname may differ according to your chosen cloud platform depending on which subsection of Create SAP HANA Primary Database Virtual IP was followed.
- Right-click on the SAP-SPS_HDB00 resource and select Create Dependency… from the drop-down menu.
For Child Resource Tag, specify the root resource of the resource hierarchy being used to failover the SAP HANA virtual IP/hostname. The precise resource name used in this step will depend on resources created in the subsection of Create SAP HANA Primary Database Virtual IP corresponding to your chosen cloud platform.
Click Next> to continue, then click Create Dependency to create the dependency.
The resulting hierarchy will look similar to the following:
SAP HANA database instance HDB00 has now been successfully protected by LifeKeeper.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
An iterative finite difference beam propagation method based on the Crank-Nicholson scheme is presented to simulate continuous wave (CW) second-order nonlinear effects in optical waveguides with the depletion of the pump wave taken into account. This method is an extension of the linear finite-difference beam propagation method and preserves the same order of accuracy. Comparisons with the previously published explicit finite difference beam propagation method and the rectangular approximation method are presented. Quasi-phase matched difference frequency generation in AlGaAs and quasi-phase-matched second harmonic generation in LiNbO3 are considered in the evaluation, showing that one iteration for the IFD-BPM is sufficient for the simulation with good accuracy and without increasing much computation time.
[IEEE ]PDF Article


Fix Bufferbloat on MikroTik without disabling FastTrack
Enable/Setup FQ-CoDel or CAKE SQM on RouterOS using Queue Tree
Bufferbloat is a problem for many of us gamers and users that need low latency internet just because the counters at the supermarket don't want to let someone with a single item to cut into the queue of people with multiple items in the cart.1
We aim to fix that problem by letting someone with a single item in the checkout lane cut though the line using Smart Queue Management (SQM).2
Bufferbloat!
FastTrack is a feature in MikroTik RouterOS that packets that are marked "fast-tracked" will bypass some of a processing in the router (firewall, connection tracking, etc.),3 this will reduce processing overhead and allow to have higher speeds achievable on the router.4
The problem is that FastTrack bypasses simple queues, which are used for SQM. Queue tree that are parented to global also bypasses FastTrack. We will instead use queue tree that are parented to interface and apply SQM there.
Take note that queue tree requires packet marks, so we set packet-mark to no-mark so packets without mark will go to the queue tree. Any packets that are marked will bypass the queue tree, requiring you to add the name of the mark in packet-mark= option.
There are 2 algorithms that we can use for SQM in MikroTik, Fair/Flow Queueing Controlled Delay (FQ-CoDel)5 and Common Applications Kept Enhanced (CAKE).6 You can use either of those, but I recommend using FQ-CoDel, since it is "fair" (got it?).
RouterOS v7.1 and up supports FQ-CoDel and CAKE.
Enabling Smart Queue Management
 1. Measure your internet speed on Speedtest.net and know your advertised speed on your ISP.
 Choose how much speed to sacrifice for SQM. Some people recommend 90% of speed,7 for example my internet is 250 Mbps, I will set max-limit to 225 Mbps, sacrificing 25 Mbps.
 But for my setup, I sacrifice 1 Mbps, so I set max-limit to 249 Mbps. Remember that max-limit must not be equal or higher than your internet speed, or else it will not work.
 For asymmetrical internet speed, specify max-limit depending on the upload and download speed. For example, upload speed is 50 Mbps, download speed is 100 Mbps, max-limit on upstream should be 49 Mbps, downstream should be 99 Mbps.
 2. Measure Bufferbloat on your internet using Waveform Bufferbloat Test to check for Bufferbloat before SQM has been enabled.
Fair/Flow Queueing Controlled Delay (FQ-CoDel)
 1. Add FQ-CoDel on Queue Types.
 /queue type add kind=fq-codel name=fq-codel
 2. Add Queue Tree on upstream (from your router going to the internet) by specifying the WAN interface in parent. My WAN interface is ether1. Set the max-limit to your chosen speed upstream, I chosen 249 Mbps, so it will be 249M.
 /queue tree add max-limit=249M name=queue-upload packet-mark=no-mark parent=ether1 queue=fq-codel
 3. Add Queue Tree on downstream (from the internet going to your router) by specifying the LAN interface in parent. My LAN interface is bridge. Set the max-limit to your chosen speed downstream, since I have symmetrical internet speed, it will be the same as upstream.
 /queue tree add max-limit=249M name=queue-download packet-mark=no-mark parent=bridge queue=fq-codel
 4. Measure Bufferbloat on your internet using Waveform Bufferbloat Test to check if there is any changes in latency after SQM has been enabled.
Common Applications Kept Enhanced (CAKE)
Configuration is the same with FQ-CoDel except the algorithm.
 1. Add CAKE on Queue Types.
 /queue type add kind=cake name=cake
 2. Add Queue Tree on upstream.
 /queue tree add max-limit=249M name=queue-upload packet-mark=no-mark parent=ether1 queue=cake
 3. Add Queue Tree on downstream.
 /queue tree add max-limit=249M name=queue-download packet-mark=no-mark parent=bridge queue=cake
Benchmarks
Before SQM FQ-CoDel CAKE
Before SQM | FQ-CoDel | CAKE
Bufferbloat Fixed! Marge is now happy!
By Shawn M.
Built with Hugo
Theme Stack designed by Jimmy


text:
Staircase in the People's Hall, Heathcote Street
ABOUT the middle of the Eighteenth Century the art of house-building rose to great heights in England, and the well-known Georgian houses, with their look of solid comfort and their excellent craftsmanship, were produced.
Nottingham has many examples of this type, and many of them are noteworthy for their magnificent staircases, which by their careful design are very easy to ascend, and by the beauty of their banisters and other accessories are artistic treasures.
Perhaps the most beautiful of these staircases is the one in the People's Hall in Heathcote-street, Nottingham, a mansion built by Mr. Charles Morley about 1740—about the time that Mr. Wesley was commencing his public work.
Mr. Morley was the proprietor of a pottery in Beck-street, where (amongst other objects) were produced the beautiful brown pots with their high glaze which are so much sought after by collectors nowadays, and examples of which may be studied in the Castle Museum.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Aboriginal Spirit Displayed at Grandin LRT Station
March 21, 2014
The spirit of reconciliation enlivens the walls of Grandin LRT Station, reflecting the history and resilience of Edmonton's Aboriginal community.
The Grandin Murals are the outcome of two years of dialogue and consultation among Edmonton's Francophone and Aboriginal communities. They were created by artists Aaron Paquette and Sylvie Nadeau.
Aaron's Paquette's artwork is new. Sylvie Nadeau, who created the original mural, has added panels depicting an Aboriginal boy and girl.
"The City of Edmonton is proud to have been a part of making this project a reality," said Councillor Tony Caterina. "We are committed to building positive relationships with Aboriginal communities built on respect and understanding for a shared history. Together, the murals at Grandin LRT Station form a powerful symbol of that desire. They also remind us that in order to build a better future, we must learn from the past."
Displayed along 80 feet of painted panels on the station's east wall, local Métis artist Aaron Paquette's captivating and colourful mural depicts sacred symbols and imagery that reflect 10,000 years of Aboriginal history in the city we now call Edmonton.
"This mural is the culmination of many consultations, talks, visits and stories I had the pleasure of attending and hearing over the past two years," said Aaron Paquette. "They all built into a powerful, multi-layered narrative; small songs weaving themselves into a great symphony. It was a wonderful challenge to condense everything into one work of art, but, in the end, this mural is not me speaking for anyone, but all those voices speaking for themselves through something they helped create. I hope it offers a more complete understanding of history and our place in it. I hope I was able to make something that stands the test of time and reminds us that we are all connected, that we are all on this journey together."
Nadeau's new panels "speak" to Paquette's mural and reflect the journey of reconciliation. The artists worked in close partnership for two years and the resulting murals place Grandin Station as a site for understanding, awareness, and healing.
"Working alongside Aaron Paquette has been a privilege, and I am honoured to have been afforded this opportunity to be part of a solution," said Sylvie Nadeau, a member of the francophone community. "We see our works as speaking together from across a shared and troubled history; a symbol of moving towards mutual respect and understanding. Through this process of learning and healing, I've discovered that my artwork can still channel the love and peace I originally brought to it and I hope it will inspire more people to engage in the larger conversation about the history of Residential Schools."
Grandin station's original mural was commissioned by La Francophonie jeunesse in 1989 to honour Bishop Vital Grandin for whom the station and surrounding community are named.
However, some community members objected to the mural's imagery which, they felt, evoked the troubling history of the Residential Schools. In 2011, Francophonie jeunesse de l'Alberta and the City of Edmonton with the support of the Edmonton Arts Council and other community agencies convened a working circle to find solutions to the issue. The collective decision was made to re-envision the original work and commission a new mural.
"The Grandin station mural has been a long-term project for FJA and I'm happy to see that collaboration and reconciliation is at the heart of why we are all here today," said FJA president Samuel Gagnon. "Since 1989, we have led this project, and although I was not involved at the time, I can tell you that the original piece by Sylvie Nadeau was and still represents the Francophone community's contributions to this province. It is a part of our history as Albertans."
The majority of funding for the new and re-envisioned murals came from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission with additional funding from the City of Edmonton and the Community Arts grant program administered by the Edmonton Arts Council.
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada will end its national journey of healing in Edmonton from March 27 to 30, 2014. Three days of events are designed to educate Canadians about the effects of the Residential School System.
For more information:


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Lead Contents
FAQ02786 of General Purpose Relays FAQ
FAQ No. FAQ02786
Primary Contents
Question
How do you use the durability curve?
Answer
The durability curve is used to check the maximum switching capacity (expected service life).
The following example will be used to describe how to find the maximum switching capacity of a contact at a particular contact current.
Look at the graph to determine what is the expected service life of Relays with 1-A contact current and 20-VDC resistive load.
MY4 General-purpose Relays
1.Draw a vertical line where the switching current is 1 A (red line).
2.Draw a horizontal line from the point of intersection with the 30-VDC resistive load curve (green line).
3.Where the green line intersects with the durability axis is the expected service life. In this case, the expected number of operations is 700,000 operations.
Example:
What is the expected service life for a 220-VAC 2-A resistive load?
Answer:
Approximately 400,000 operations (blue line).
Recommended Products
MY
Best-selling, general-purpose relays that can be selected based on operating environment and application
LY
Power-switching Compact General-purpose Relays
G3PE (Three-phase)
Compact, Slim-profile SSRs with Heat Sinks. Solid State Contactors for Three-phase Heaters Reduced Installation Work with DIN Track Mounting.
Other General Purpose Relays FAQ


text:
Colliery checks and tokens
Lamp checks (or 'tokens' or 'tallies') are one of the most popular coal mining objects collected by both museums and the general public. They basically informed colliery management of who was in work but became vital when rescue services needed to know how many men were actually underground during an incident such as a fire or explosion. Colliery check systems apparently became common during the late nineteenth century and became mandatory in 1913 after an amendment to the 1911 Coal Mines Act.
Check systems varied between coal fields and altered over time, by the late 1970s a three check system (safety check system) became common. In this system each underground worker was issued with three checks, often of different shapes and sizes, one to be handed in to the lamp room, one to be handed to the banksman before the man descended the shaft and one was kept on the person during the shift.
A similar system was used by Mines Rescue during incidents. This was similar to the three check system but pre dated it. In this system a red plastic disc was handed into the lamp room, a yellow plastic disc to the banksman and a copper disc was worn around the neck during the time the rescue man was underground.
Other types of checks were also issued in the mining industry such as those used for shotfiring, canteens, pithead baths and bus and train passes. The mining trade unions also issued checks in various forms to show when a member had paid his contributions. Mining institutes and public houses in mining areas also issued beer checks on various occasions.
Amgueddfa Cymru's Industry Department has collected over a thousand examples of these colliery checks and tokens. Some are on display at Big Pit: National Coal Museum and examples can be seen on our online resource Images of Industry
Article by: Ceri Thompson, Curator, Big Pit: National Coal Museum
Lampchecks and tokens
Article Date: 30 January 2013


Exercise - List connections in a tenant
In this exercise, you will connect to Power Apps and Power Automate PowerShell cmdlets to list all connections that are in your tenant. You can use this information to determine which users are making connections through different connectors.
 1. Launch Windows PowerShell and select Run as Administrator.
 Run as Administrator
 2. Import the required modules by using the following commands:
 Install-Module -Name Microsoft.PowerApps.Administration.PowerShell
 Install-Module -Name Microsoft.PowerApps.PowerShell-AllowClobber
 3. If you are prompted to accept the change to the InstallationPolicy value of the repository, accept this change for all modules by entering A and then pressing Enter for each module.
 4. List all connections by using the Get-AdminPowerAppConnection command.
 5. At this point, you should be prompted for credentials. Enter your credentials while accounting for the prerequisites that were discussed at the beginning of this module.
 6. After you have entered your credentials, the cmdlet will run and all of the connections will be returned. Data that is returned includes the name of the connector, who created the connection, the environment, and its current status.
 Returned data


text:
To read weight on a balance scale, slide the sliders on the number bar to the far left and then step on the scale. Balance weight evenly on both feet. Slide the first slider to the right on the bar with numbered increments of five until the bar balances evenly.Continue Reading
If the bar does not balance, move to the second bar with numbered increments of 50 to the right. When the bar is balanced, both ends of the bar are parallel to the floor with neither side dipping down. If you find a segment that is nearly balanced, but the bar doesn't stay parallel, slide the top bar to the right again until it balances. Add the numbers from the two bars together. For example, when the larger slider is pointing to 150 and the smaller slider is pointing to 10, the correct weight is 160 pounds.
To measure height, turn your back to the measuring rod on the back of the scale and ensure that both feet are flat. Pull the silver sliding rod up and rest the perpendicular arm on the top of the head. Hold the rod in place and step off of the scale. Check the bottom of the measuring rod for your height in inches. Divide that number by 12 to get the proper height in feet and inches; for example, if the chart reads 64 inches, the correct height is 5 foot 4 inches.Learn more about Fitness & Exercise


text:
Builders at Australia's Incat shipyard say they've completed and tested the world's fastest ship, which is powered by two aircraft engine-based GE gas turbines driving a pair of water jets. The 325-foot passenger and vehicle ferry is a "wave-piercing catamaran" that can travel as fast as 58.1 knots, or 67 miles per hour. "This is certainly the fastest ship in the world," said Incat managing director Kim Clifford. "Of course there's a few speed boats that could surpass 58 knots, but nothing that could carry 1,000 passengers and 150 cars, and with an enormous duty-free shop on board."
The ferry, named Francisco after Pope Francis, will link the pontiff's native city of Buenos Aires in Argentina with Montevideo, Uruguay, 140 miles away across the River Plate estuary.
Speed is not the ship's only distinction. The Francisco is the world's first high-speed ferry that uses liquefied natural gas (LNG) as primary fuel. (It uses marine-grade oil only to start the engines, and as backup fuel.) An Incat announcement says that the ship is the "fastest, environmentally cleanest, and most efficient high-speed ferry in the world."
LNG will power two GE aeroderivative gas turbines from the company's ecomagination portfolio that have modified Boeing 747 aircraft engines at their core. Each of the turbines, which produce a combined 59,000 horse power, will turn a gearbox with a 7-to-1 reduction that drives an impeller generating a waterjet. "We had to redesign the fuel manifold and the fuel delivery system," says Ivan Bach, program manager with GE Power and Water. "But we have of a lot of experience in the marine environment. We've accumulated millions of hours powering ships, oil and gas rigs, and other equipment."


text:
Map of flight path and driving directions from Learmonth to Badu Island.
Shortest flight path between RAAF Base Learmonth (LEA) and Badu Island Airport (BDD).
How far is Badu Island from Learmonth?
There are several ways to calculate distances between Learmonth and Badu Island. Here are two common methods:Vincenty's formula (applied above)
- 2037.394 miles
- 3278.868 kilometers
- 1770.447 nautical miles
Vincenty's formula calculates the distance between latitude/longitude points on the earth's surface, using an ellipsoidal model of the earth.Haversine formula
- 2036.672 miles
- 3277.705 kilometers
- 1769.819 nautical miles
The haversine formula calculates the distance between latitude/longitude points assuming a spherical earth (great-circle distance – the shortest distance between two points).
Time difference and current local times
The time difference between Learmonth and Badu Island is 2 hours. Badu Island is 2 hours ahead of Learmonth.
Carbon dioxide emissions
Estimated CO2 emissions per passenger is 222 kg (489 pounds).
Frequent Flyer Miles Calculator
Learmonth (LEA) → Badu Island (BDD).


Brno - Klein Palace
This neo-Renaissance burgher palace was built in _PHONE_ on a design by Viennese architect Ludwig von Förster. It was built for the Klein family who traded in iron. This was also reflected onto the house, respectively into its facade, which was fitted with distinctive architectural elements of cast iron.
In 1946, the palace was confiscated and began to deteriorate, mainly due to insufficient maintenance and the confused and inadequate use of its premises for various purposes. The years _PHONE_ saw a costly reconstruction (to the tune of about 70 million CZK) and the house was brought back to life.
Brno - pocket guide with maps
Brno on the map
Detail of the facade of Klein Palace


text:
The River Ganges
A documentary film on various aspects of the river, in different locations, TV series.
Susan was invited to Bosnia by Dr Sam Osmanagich, in June 2017, at which time she shot visuals of many of the monuments and surrounding areas of the complex of newly discovered pyramids in the Visoko valley, just outside Sarajevo. She returned to Bosnia again in 2018 and 2019, culminating in her making the first draft of her movie on the Bosnian pyramid complex, in May 2020.
First Draft version of Susan's Bosnian movie
This is an artistic documentary containing 2 very prominent symbols, 'Crystal of Time' 'Diamond Lens, Doorway to Infinity' that she's made from examining the Bosnian Pyramid Complex at all possible levels, which themselves contain the meaning of aspects of Universal Truth in their makeup. These symbols are thus embedded into the timeline of the movie, so that they may transmit what they contain to the viewer, upon watching it.
Here, in the process of making this first draft of her movie on Bosnia, as well as in several, previous films Susan has made;
the art form of 'Kaleidoscopic Filmmaking' is born.
Now Susan will go through this first version, tidy up what's already there and polish it with its next layer of emanation.
Drops of Being
Firstly a film script will be written, based on the story told in 'Drops of Being' , which will subsequently be turned into a feature film.


Article by: Perry Romanowski
Previously, we covered the basics of cosmetic stability testing. But one member of the Chemists Corner community wanted some more details on Freeze Thaw testing. We'll look at that aspect of stability testing in a little more detail.
What is Freeze Thaw testing
Freeze thaw testing is a type of stability test in which you freeze your freeze thaw scientistformula, then thaw it out, and test to see what effect the process has on your product. To do a thorough freeze-thaw test you will repeat the cycle a few times.
Why do Freeze thaw testing?
Freeze thaw testing gives you information that regular stability testing can't. Namely, it will show you whether your formula will remain stable under varied conditions that it might experience during the shipping and storage phases of the product life cycle.
It's likely that your product will be shipped via trucks or rail cars. These vehicles are rarely equipped with temperature controls so it is likely that your product may freeze one day and be in hot temperatures another. It is crucial that your formula is able to withstand extreme, rapid temperature changes.
How to conduct a freeze-thaw test
While there is no "right" way to do a freeze-thaw test, the following method is standard in the industry and will give you the information you need if you follow it.
Step 1 – Prepare samples. (3 test, 1 control)
Step 2 – Take initial readings.
Step 3 – Put test samples in the freezer for 24 hours
Step 4 – Remove samples and allow to thaw at room temperature
Step 5 – Put samples in 50C oven for 24 hours
Step 6 – Remove samples & allow to equilibrate at room temperature.
Step 7 – Take end of the cycle readings
You should repeat this test through 3 cycles. If done correctly it can be completed in 3 weeks.
What to look for
While the specific tests will depend on the type of formula you are testing, generally you'll want to take readings for Appearance, Odor, Viscosity and pH. Make particular note of whether there is any separating at the top or the bottom of samples. This is the most common form of instability.
You may also test the products for performance characteristics just to ensure that the formulas still work as expected.
Do you have any questions about stability testing or other cosmetic science topics? Send us an email or leave a comment below
58
58 comments
 1. Kasper
 Hi, I hope you are well. Please, when taking readings for Appearance, Odor, Viscosity and pH, is it acceptable more general readings or do I have to provide specific viscosity numbers for example? As specific equipment is necessary to get these readings. Many Thanks
 1. Perry Romanowski
 You should use a viscometer and record specific numbers.
 2. ramana
 Why 24hrs?
 1. Perry Romanowski
 It takes that long to ensure it freezes all the way through
 3. Kasun
 I read the article on Freeze Thaw Cycles. It has mentioned that for 3 cycles it takes 3 weeks (21). But in one cycle, 24 hours in freezer, 24 hours in room temperature and again 24 hours at 50 C, 24 hours in room temperature. Therefore, for one cycle it takes 4 days and for 3 cycles 12 days. Pleas clarify this…..
 Thanks
 1. Perry Romanowski
 Yes, you can do it faster. When you work at a company it takes 3 weeks because you work Monday – Friday
 4. Karthi.R
 Thanks for your wonderful guidance! I am formulating silicone emulsion(O/W) for textile applications. Could you please explain about(1)Importance of emulsifier concentration for freeze-thaw stable silicone emulsions(2)Factors affecting the freeze-thaw stability of silicone emulsions.
 5. Mona
 Hi Perry:
 I am working on formulating a lip liner, I just performed first freeze/thaw stability test on the samples. Freeze thaw samples show a slight change in texture, they are softer and creamier that room temperature and 45 degree samples. Since the formula has high content of wax do you think the problem is due to improper wax/emulsifier ratio?
 BTW Thanks you for your very informative and helpful website and webinars.
 1. Perry Romanowski
 Hello Mona,
 It's difficult to answer without seeing the formula but you probably have the ratio of wax and emulsifiers and oils off. I'd suggest you post the question in our cosmetic forum to get the input of more chemists.
 6. Pingback:Cosmetic Test | Cosmetics
 7. Paola
 Hi
 I'm developing a o/w cream. When i do the freeze/thaw cycles the emulsion is ok (it's not separated, not visible liquid in the surface or in the bottom) but the appearance in the spatula is like it has little aggregates, but when i try it the aggregates dissapear. Is it a normal result?
 I'm doing only freeze, thaw an try it, it means I put the samples in the freezer (24h)and after room temperature (24h) and try it (i'm not putting the samples at 50C), is it ok?
 Thanks!
 1. Perry Romanowski
 No that's not normal. It's indicative of product instability.
 8. Leanne
 Hi Perry,
 I very much enjoy your website and find it very helpful and practical to our field. I also heard you speak at the conference in Kiawah last year and found it informative. I have a question about Freeze Thaw testing. After a couple of cycles of freeze thaw conditions, our sample went from smooth a creamy to a rougher, more airy texture. The sample was homogenized during manufacturing. How would you recommend proceeding from here?
 1. Perry Romanowski
 Hello Leanne – it sounds like your formula has some stability issues. How is the rest of the stability test going? Without knowing the formula it is hard for me to give you any suggestions. You probably need to adjust your combination of emulsifier and oil level.
 9. dale
 I am working on a value line of shampoos that I just took through freeze/thaw stability. The total solids level are pretty low (6%) and I need to add something that will increase the tolerance to low temperatures. Cost is an issue since this is for a value line of products.
 I have been looking at other comparable products (ex. Suave) and it looks as if there that maybe a Carbopol or Xantham gum could help.
 Any input?
 Thanks
 1. Perry Romanowski
 What do you mean by "increase the tolerance to low temperatures"? Is the product separating? When I worked on a value shampoo line the product would freeze at low temperatures but then it would thaw and be perfectly fine at room temperature.
 10. Abdullah Ali
 Hi Perry,
 I attended your webinar in stability studies with UL Prospector 2 weeks ago. First, I would like to thank you for a very useful and instructive webinar.
 I have a question regarding freeze thaw studies when performed in stability testing. You showed a scheme for an example stability test in your power point with freeze/thaw in 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks.
 I wonder if this means that freeze thaw studies are done on the samples that has been going for 2 weeks , 4 weeks and 8 weeks and then tested for freeze thaw stability? Or do you start freeze thaw study from initial samples and run a number of cycles?
 Kind regards,
 Abdullah
 1. Perry Romanowski
 Hello – thanks for the kind words. No, freeze thaw are done on fresh samples and usually in the first 2 weeks after you make the batch. The chart is a little unclear but that's how we do it.
 11. Rachel
 Hi Perry,
 Can I use this Freeze / Thaw test to predict my product shelf-life?
 1. Perry Romanowski
 Yes, that is one tool to use. It's not a replacement for a full stability test however.
 12. flora
 tanks for your good information.
 how we can doing freeze thawing method in agar extraction from algae?
 if it possible write a process sequence.
 1. Perry Romanowski
 Sorry, I've never done that before.
 13. Atchara
 Dear Perry,
 Can I apply this method (freeze-thaw cycle) in household application?
 Thank you for useful information.
 1. Perry
 Yes, this testing would work with household formulations.
 1. Atchara
 Thank you very much for your reply. Could you please share me related link or books about freeze-thaw cycle?
 1. Perry
 I only know of the freeze-thaw cycle because of my formulating job. It was a standard method we used. It's also used around the industry but I don't know of any books that will have a description of it.
 1. Atchara
 Ok, Thank you very much for your kind
 14. Gian
 Hi Perry
 Do you do freeze-thaw in glass packaging or in the actual packaging?
 Thanks
 Gian
 1. Perry
 Ideally, you do it in both. Glass is good because you are better able to see stability problems. However, packaging is more reflective of what your product will experience in the real world.
 1. Gian
 Thank you a lot Perry! Didn't expect you would reply at this point in time. Have a happy and festive Christmas! 🙂
 15. shikkha
 could you please tell me the exact significance of specific gravity of cosmetic product?
 I gone through many sites but couldn't get the actual significance……..
 I am a student of cosmetic technology.
 1. Perry
 Specific gravity is usually used in cosmetics as a determination


text:
This paper presents a comparison between experimental and theoretical studies of a DC plasma torch.
A mathematical 2D model including both the arc and plume regions was developed by using Patankar's resolution method. In parallel, emission spectroscopy was performed on an identical DC plasma torch geometry for the temperature determination of the plume. The plasma gas is argon and the
ambient gas is air or argon at atmospheric pressure. The results of the experiments and of the code give similar behaviours such as an increase of the temperature on the axis with an increase of the arc current. The rise of
inlet gas flow rate tends to constrict the plasma leading to a heating of the axis region. The radial temperature gradients were sharper in air than in argon. Due to the differences on thermal conductivity and heat capacity, the cooling effect is more pronounced in air than in argon.


PhpStorm 2018.1 Help
Sass and SCSS in Compass Projects
PhpStorm supports development in projects structured in compliance with the Compass framework. This framework uses Sass and SCSS extensions of CSS.
Preparing for Compass development
The Compass framework is installed through the Ruby Gem manager, therefore you need to install Ruby first.
 1. Download and install Ruby.
 2. Specify a path variable for the folder where the Ruby executable file and the gem.bat file are stored. This lets you launch Ruby and Gem Manager from any folder and ensures that Ruby is successfully launched during compilation.
 3. Install and enable the Sass Support plugin. The plugin is not bundled with PhpStorm, but it can be installed from the JetBrains plugin repository as described in Installing, Updating and Uninstalling Repository Plugins and Enabling and Disabling Plugins.
 4. Install Compass.
 1. The installation is performed in the command line mode. To start the built-in Terminal, hover your mouse pointer over show tool window bars in the lower left corner of the IDE, then choose Terminal from the menu (see Working with Embedded Local Terminal for details).
 2. Type the following command at the command prompt:
 gem install compass
 The tool is installed to the folder where Ruby executable file and the gem.bat file are stored.
Setting up a Compass project
You can have a project set up according to the Compass requirements in two ways: create a new Compass project or create an empty project and introduce a Compass-specific structure in it. In either case, a project is set up through command line commands. Of course, you can set up a Compass project externally and then open it in PhpStorm.
During project set-up, a conf.rb configuration file is generated. You will need to specify the location of this file when integrating Compass with PhpStorm.
 - To set up the Compass-specific structure in an existing project:
 1. Open the desired project in PhpStorm.
 2. Open the built-in Terminal by hovering your mouse pointer over show tool window bars in the lower left corner of PhpStorm and choosing Terminal from the menu.
 3. At the command prompt, type:
 compass init
 - To create a Compass project from scratch:
 1. Open the desired project in PhpStorm.
 2. Open the built-in Terminal by hovering your mouse pointer over show tool window bars in the lower left corner of PhpStorm and choosing Terminal from the menu.
 3. Switch to the folder that will be the parent for the new project folder. Type the following command:
 cd <parent folder name>
 4. At the command prompt, type:
 compass create <the name of the project to be created>
Integrating Compass with PhpStorm
To develop a Compass-specific project in PhpStorm, you need to specify the Compass executable file compass and the project configuration file config.rb. You can do it either through the Compass Support page of the Settings dialog box or on the fly using an intention action that opens the Compass Support dialog box.
 1. Open the Compass page or dialog box by doing one of the following:
 - Open the Settings / Preferences Dialog by pressing Ctrl+Alt+S or by choosing File | Settings for Windows and Linux or PhpStorm | Preferences for macOS, and click Compass under Languages & Frameworks.
 1. In a .sass or .scss file, type the following import statement:
 @import 'compass'
 2. Click the red bulb icon or press Alt+Enter. Then choose Configure Compass from the suggestion list.
 The Compass Support dialog box opens.
 2. To activate Compass support, select the Enable Compass support checkbox.
 3. In the Compass executable file text box, specify the location of the compass executable file under the Ruby installation. Type the path manually, for example, C:\Ruby200-x64\bin\compass, or choose it from the drop-down list, or click Browse browseButton and choose the location of the compass file in the dialog box that opens.
 4. In the Config path field, specify the location of the project Compass configuration file config.rb. Type the path manually, for example, C:\my_projects\\compass_project\config.rb, or choose it from the drop-down list, or click Browse browseButton and choose the location of the compass file int he dialog box that opens.
 The Compass configuration file config.rb is generated during project set-up through compass create or compass init commands.
Creating a Compass Sass or a Compass SCSS compiler
Sass and SCSS are not processed by browsers that work with CSS code. Therefore to be executed, Sass or SCSS code has to be translated into CSS. This operation is referred to as compilation and the tools that perform it are called compilers.
PhpStorm integrates with a compiler that translates Sass and SCSS code from a Compass project without changing the Compass-specific project structure. To use the compiler in PhpStorm, you need to configure it as a File Watcher. For each supported compiler, PhpStorm provides a predefined File Watcher template. To run a compiler in your project, create a project-specific File Watcher based on the relevant template.
PhpStorm provides a common procedure and user interface for creating File Watchers of all types. The only difference is in the predefined templates you choose in each case.
 1. To start creating a File Watcher, open the Settings/Preferences dialog box by choosing File | Settings for Windows and Linux or PhpStorm | Preferences for macOS on the main menu, and then click File Watchers under the Tools node. The File Watchers page that opens, shows the list of File Watchers that are already configured in the project.
 2. Click the Add button new.png or press Alt+Insert and choose the compass sass or compass scss predefined template from the pop-up list.
 3. In the Program text box, specify the path to the executable file:
 - compass.bat for Windows
 - compass for Unix and macOS
 Type the path manually or click Browse browseButton.png and choose the file location in the dialog box that opens.
 4. In the Arguments text box, type one of the following depending on the operating system used:
 - For macOS:
 - compile $ProjectFileDir$ to process an entire directory
 - compile $ProjectFileDir$ $FilePath$ to process a single file
 - For Windows:
 - compile $UnixSeparators($ProjectFileDir$)$ to process an entire directory
 - compile $UnixSeparators($FilePath$)$ to process a single file
 - For Linux (Ubuntu):
 - compile $ProjectFileDir$ to process an entire directory
 - compile $ProjectFileDir$ $FilePath$ to process a single file
 5. Proceed as described on page Using File Watchers.
Running a Compass Sass or Compass SCSS compiler
When you open a Sass or SCSS file, PhpStorm checks whether an applicable file watcher is available in the current project. If such file watcher is configured but disabled, PhpStorm displays a pop-up window that informs you about the configured file watcher and suggests to enable it.
If an applicable file watcher is configured and enabled in the current project, PhpStorm starts it automatically upon the event specified in the New Watcher dialog.
 - If the Auto-save edited files to trigger the watcher checkbox is selected, the File Watcher is invoked as soon as any changes are made to the source code.
 - If the Auto-save edited files to trigger the watcher checkbox is cleared, the File Watcher is started upon save (File | Save All, Ctrl+S) or when you move focus from PhpStorm (upon frame deactivation).
PhpStorm creates a separate file with the generated output. The file has the name of the source Sass or SCSS file and the extension css. The location of the generated files is defined in the Output paths to refresh text box of the New Watcher dialog. However, in the Project Tree, they are shown under the source file which is now displayed as a node.
Last modified: 20 April 2018
See Also


Software › visualization
10x Genomics
Chromium Single Cell Gene Expression
What is Loupe Browser?
Loupe Browser is a desktop application that provides interactive visualization functionality to analyze data from different 10x Genomics solutions. Loupe Browser allows you to easily interrogate different views of your 10x data to quickly gain insights into the underlying biology. Loupe is named for a jeweler's loupe, which is used to magnify and inspect the details of precious gemstones.
Loupe Browser supports the analysis of the following types of data:
Chromium Platform
Visium Platform
To use Loupe Browser, open any.cloupe file generated by the Cell Ranger analysis software. The Cell Ranger.cloupe file is embedded with the following information:
Once your data is in Loupe Browser, you can rapidly explore and gain insights from the data without the need to do any programming.
Loupe Browser Single Cell Gene Expression Tutorials
Loupe Browser provides many powerful analysis capabilities. To learn how to use Loupe Browser to analyze your gene expression data, review the following tutorials.
Loupe Browser is built to accelerate the following applications:
To walk through the features and uses of Loupe Browser, start the tutorial.


text:
Gmail Child Account
I was visiting a friend the other day and his young child was complaining that she wanted an e-mail address. She wanted one to keep in touch with her aunt and uncle, who had told her to e-mail them. My friend explained to her that she could use his, but she wanted one with her name in it. My friend was wary of creating one for her, because of all the bad spam she'd get and he also wondered how he would be able to monitor her account.
Well, when I went home, I did some research and found out that users of the Gmail e-mail program can create a parent and child account. Cool, huh?! Read on for some more details.
If you want to create a sub-account (child account), just follow these directions:
1.) Log in to your Gmail account.
2.) In the upper right hand corner, click Settings.
3.) Select the link that says Accounts. Below that, select the link that says "Add another e-mail address."
4.) When asked what e-mail address you'd like, type your Gmail user name, followed by a plus sign and the name of the child's account, with no spaces. For example, if your Gmail address was _EMAIL_ and the child's name was Jenna, you'd type in _EMAIL_. When you have finished, click the Next Step button.
5.) Now, when your child goes to compose an e-mail, in the From: drop down menu, they can select their account instead of yours.
Any messages or replies sent to that account will appear in your Inbox and you can tell your child when they have a new message. It's the perfect way to give your child what they want, but still keep a close eye on what they do while on the Internet.
You can even create multiple child accounts. Heck, they don't even necessarily have to be for a child. They can be for whatever you like!
Not a shabby deal, huh?!
~ Neil Patel


text:
- How can we decipher the symbolism of Maus 2, extracting more meaning from only the images?
- Frame analysis:
- DescribeDescribe the frame in detail. Make sure you find even the smallest pieces of information that are hiding within the illustration.
- ExplainExplain the meaning of each of the objects and details in this frame. What do these things symbolize or represent? Why does the author use this image instead of another one? What message is the author trying to convey through this frame?
- ExpandShow how this frame and its different meanings relate to the rest of the book or to your own life.
4. Use Photo Booth to take a picture of the frame you would like to analyze.
5. Annotate the photo with description, explanation, and expansion using preview (after you have converted it to a PDF)
6. Go to Slideshare.net and upload your file… Make sure that you tag it with maus2.
7. Look at our greatness.
- Using a backchannel to discuss and ask questions about Animal Farm (While we read).
- Text animalfarm and then your question or comment to 41411.
- I also need a google jockey to get images that help to express what is going on in Animal Farm.
- Read Chapters 9 and 10 of Animal Farm.


text:
Priority Status: Priority Project
Myalup-Wellington Water Project Project Plan
Myalup-Wellington Water Project Cost: 394.1 million
Federal Funding: TBD WA State Government Funding: TBD
Myalup-Wellington Water Project Construction Details
Situated 200 km south of Perth and east of Bunbury in Western Australia, the Wellington Dam project involves a number of below and above dam works. These are centred on increasing water distribution efficiency and decreasing salinity in Wellington Dam and the surrounding areas.
Myalup-Wellington Water Project Jobs & Community Plan
Projected Jobs For Myalup-Wellington Water Project: 830 during construction phase
The necessity of the Myalup–Wellington Water Project spawns from increased salinity in the dam catchment and inefficient water distribution infrastructure below the dam itself. A reduction in fruit and vegetable yields in the MIAP (Myalup Irrigated Agricultural Precinct) has resulted from increased salinity and unreliability of groundwater. This has seen growers move away from agricultural activities in the Collie River Irrigation District. With approximately 60% of the horticultural outputs of the south-west coming from the MIAP, it is of vital importance to Western Australia and more broadly, the potential for Australia's exports and domestic produce supply. A shortage of water supply and the increased salinity have been increasing concerns of growers in the area as regional productivity suffers as a result.
Myalup-Wellington Water Project Upgrade Timeline
Myalup-Wellington Water Project - Construction: 2020
Myalup-Wellington Water Project- Completion Date: 2021 - 2025
Myalup-Wellington Water Project- Timeframe: 0-5 years


text:
An Ontology-Based Approach To Concern-Specific Dynamic Software Structure Monitoring
This thesis introduces ResOwn - an application resource ownership ontology for interactive session-oriented services. ResOwn provides software monitoring with enriched concepts of application resource ownership borrowed from real-world legal and ownership ontologies. ResOwn is formally defined in OWL-DL (Web Ontology Language Description Logic), verified using an off-the-shelf reasoner, and tested using the call processing software for a small private branch exchange (PBX). The ResOwn Prime Directive states that every object in an operational software system is a resource, an owner, or both simultaneously. Resources produce benefits. Beneficiary owners may receive resource benefits. Nonbeneficiary owners may only manage resources. This approach distinguishes resource ownership use from management and supports the ability to detect when a resource's role-based runtime capacity has been exceeded.
This thesis also presents a greybox approach to concern-specific, dynamic software structure monitoring including a monitor architecture, greybox interpreter, and algorithms for deriving monitoring model from a monitored target's formal specifications. The target's requirements and design are assumed to be specified in SDL, a formalism based on communicating extended finite state machines. Greybox abstraction, applicable to both behavior and structure, provides direction on what parts, and how much of the target to instrument, and what types of resource errors to detect.
The approach was manually evaluated using a number of resource allocation and ownership scenarios. These scenarios were obtained by collecting actual call traces from an instrumented PBX. The results of an analytical evaluation of ResOwn and the monitoring approach are presented in a discussion of key advantages and known limitations. Conclusions and recommended future work are discussed at the end of the thesis.
School:University of Waterloo
School Location:Canada - Ontario
Source Type:Master's Thesis
Keywords:electrical computer engineering ontology application resource ownership dynamic software structure monitoring
Date of Publication:01/01/2006


PyCharm 2019.1 Help
Extract constant
The Extract Constant refactoring makes your source code easier to read and maintain. It also helps you avoid using hardcoded constants without any explanations about their values or purpose.
Extract a Python constant in-place
The in-place refactorings are enabled in PyCharm by default. If you haven't changed this setting, the Extract Constant refactoring for Python is performed in place, right in the editor.
 1. Place the caret within the expression or declaration of a variable to be replaced by a constant.
 2. Do one of the following:
 - Press Ctrl+Alt+C.
 - Choose Refactor | Extract | Constant from the main menu or the context menu.
 3. If more than one expression is detected for the current caret position, the Expressions list appears. If this is the case, click the expression to select it. Alternatively, press Up or Down to navigate to the expression of interest, and then press Enter to select it.
 4. If more than one occurrence of the expression is found, specify whether you wish to replace only the selected occurrence, or all the found occurrences with the new constant.
 Extracting a constant
 5. Specify the name of the constant. Select the name from the list or type the name in the box with a red border.
 specifying a name for the extracting constant
 6. To complete the refactoring, press Tab or Enter.
 If you haven't completed the refactoring and want to cancel the changes you have made, press Escape.
Extract a constant using the dialog
If the in-place refactorings are disabled, the Extract Constant refactoring is performed by means of the Extract Constant Dialog dialog.
enableInplaceRefactoringCleared
 1. In the Extract Constant Dialog dialog that opens, specify the name of the new constant.
 2. To automatically replace all occurrences of the selected expression (if it is found more than once),select the option Replace all occurrences.
 3. Click OK to create the constant.
Last modified: 23 April 2019
See Also


text:
Cisco Smart Licensing Deployment Options
Cisco Smart Licensing Deployment Guide
Customers can use the following instructions to deploy Cisco smart licensing:
- Direct cloud access: In direct cloud access deployment method, Cisco products' usage information is sent directly over the internet to Cisco Smart Software Management and no further components are required. This method Requires devices to have permanent connectivity over the internet.
- Access through an HTTPs proxy: Cisco products send usage information over the internet through a proxy server either with a Smart Call Home Transport Gateway or off-the-shelf Proxy (such as Apache) to Cisco License Service.
- Mediated access: Cisco products send usage information to a locally-connected collector, which acts as a local license authority. Every so often, the information is exchanged to keep the databases in synchronization. This contains the same experience as direct cloud access, although with better security and Works for all products. Cost of installing and maintaining the software application virtual machine is considerable in this method also If manual synchronization is used, cost of completing the manual data exchanges will be involved. This solution is also known as Cisco Smart Software Manager satellite (SSM satellite).
- disconnected: Cisco products send usage information to a local disconnected collector, which acts as a local license authority.
How does enforcement work?
Smart Licensing provides real-time monitoring and accounting of how software is used and it is not meant as a strict enforcement system in the same way that traditional node-lock technologies are.
License pools are a reflection of how many licenses are available at a given moment. In nearly real-time, the Smart Account provides information on exactly how many entitlements the customer has. whenever the number of entitlements in the pool is greater than or equal to the number of licenses being consumed, the product will always understand that it is in an "authorized" state.
When the number of licenses in the pool is less than the number of licenses being consumed, the pool is moved to an "out of compliance" state. When a new device is deployed using the 'Out-of-Compliant' license, or when existing devices check-in (which occurs every 30 days, or more frequently depending on the device activity), they will receive the 'Out of Compliance' status report for their license use.
On receiving the 'Out-of-Compliance' status, the device may choose to act. Since this state is sent to ALL devices in the pool using the specific license, it is recommended that enforcement actions are limited to the light end of the spectrum.
Products also support a built-in evaluation period ranging from 60 to 90 days. Evaluation permits customers to try out licenses before connecting to Smart Licensing directly and can also serve as a bridge between the time that the product is first installed and when it is licensed.
Enable Smart Licensing
When successful registration occurs, the device will receive an identity certificate. This certificate is stored on the device and automatically is used for all future communications with Cisco.
Every 30 days, Cisco Smart License will automatically renew the registration data with Cisco. If registration fails, an error will be logged. Moreover, license usage data is collected and a report is sent to you every month.
Please be noted Once Smart Licensing mode is enabled, all CLIs related to the traditional licensing mode is disabled.
Leave a Reply
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HowTo: Convert metadata from GXplorer 6.0 to GXquery 4.0 Upgrade 6
Unofficial Content
This document attempts to explain all the things to take into account if you want to convert a GXplorer6.0 metadata to a GXquery 4.0 Upgrade 6 metadata.
What things should I know before converting the metadata?
There are a few things to take into account before even think to convert a whole metadata from GXplorer 6.0 to a GXquery 4.0 Upgrade 6. The most important one is knowing how GXquery works (for more information, please refer to GXquery course ) and having a GXquery 4.0 Upgrade 6 installation.
Another important thing you have to know that this conversion involves a change of paradigm, GXplorer 6.0 uses the OLAP paradigm and GXquery 4.0 uses Attribute paradigm. So the consequences of converting a metadata imply changes or lost, of concepts.
The following concepts are changed when the conversion is done:
 - A partitioned measure is converted to N differents attributes on differents fact tables and without any relationship between them. Now the user will have to choose very carefully the table to navigate to make an effective Query.
 - At GXplorer 6.0 a dimension has an Id and a description attribures, that are considered just one thing. In GXquery 4.0 this is considered as two differents attributes.
 - If the dimension Id has more than one attribute, they will be considered as different attributes without any special relationship between them.
 - Filters at GXplorer 6.0 are defined for a measure or for a dimension. In GXquery those filters will be applied to some of the attributes of the measure or the dimension.
The following concepts are lost when the conversion is done because they are not supported in GXquery:
 - Filters of the following type: Ranking, Minimum and Maximum.
 - Aggregation restrictions (none, partially or totally).
 - Measures defined as a Count formula in GXplorer Manager.
How can I make the metadata conversion?
GXquery 4.0 Upgrade 6 provides a tool to convert a GXplorer 6.0 metadata easily to a GXquery 4.0 metadata.
This tool is called MetadataConverter and we can execute it by running (as administrator) the Artech.GXquery.Converter.exe application located in the Metadata Converter folder at the GXquery 4.0 installation folder.
Step By Step
Step 1: Open the metadata converter and select the GXplorer 6.0 catalog.
GXplorer conversion 1
Step 2: Select the destination folder and start the conversion.
GXplorer conversion 2
Obs: by selecting Advanced the following window will be open, and we have the option to set the server or credentials for SQL Server (the tool needs a SQL Server to create a temporary Knowledge Base as part of the conversion process).
GXplorer conversion 3
Also, we can follow the status of the conversion progress and get the conversion log.
Step 3: Done!
The conversion process it's done. As a result, we have now an.export file ready to be imported to GXquery 4.0 Upgrade 6 installation. For more information about how this step it's done, please refer to HowTo: Creating a GXquery metadata in GXquery.


Home > Search converters: gko to gbp
Conversion of gko file format to gbp file format beta
Search for gko to gbp converter or software able to handle these file types.
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Convert Gerber keep out layer to Gerber Bottom Paste Mask output format.
We have found one software suitable in our database for this conversion.
The GKO to GBP conversion information below is generated through automated cross-matching of software entries in our database. It has not been manually checked for accuracy, including whether the suggested conversions are feasible. Although the software listed typically supports these conversions, there may be inaccuracies.
If you discover any errors, incorrect listings, or conversions that are not possible, please let us know in the discussion section below. Please include all relevant details so we can address the issue promptly.
General information about how to convert GKO to GBP file.
File conversion typically involves several steps. First, analyze the .gko file to determine its format, file format version, and compatibility with the desired .gbp output format. Then, the necessary software converter or tool is used to convert the file. This may involve encoding, decoding, or restructuring the data. Sometimes, you need to convert the file into an intermediate or exchange file format and then transform it into the desired output file format.
Automated conversions can sometimes result in inaccuracies due to software limitations and the complexity of file formats. These inaccuracies can include formatting errors, missing data, or incorrect file structure interpretations. It's important to carefully review the converted files and validate the results to ensure their accuracy before relying on them.
To convert a specific file type, follow these common steps:
 1. Identify the file format you want to convert from and the desired output format.
 2. Research or try the suggested software below or find a converter that supports the conversion you need
 (in this case, gko to gbp file).
 3. Download and install the chosen software or converter on your device.
 You can also search convert gko to gbp online to find some conversion service. However, results may vary and be careful, you are sending your data to an unknown source.
 Software or online services may be free to use or require a commercial licence. Trial versions are usually available for a limited time without limitations.
 4. Open the software and locate the option to import or open the file you want to convert. Usually, File ► Open or File ► Import.
 5. Select the .gko file and choose the output format to convert it to .gbp.
 6. Adjust any specific settings or preferences for the conversion, if available.
 7. Start the conversion process and wait for the software to complete the task.
 8. Once the conversion is finished, locate the converted file in the software's output folder or designated location.
 9. Double-check the converted file to ensure its accuracy and compatibility with your requirements.
 10. If any issues or inaccuracies are found, refer to the discussion section below to report the problem. You can also seek assistance from the software provider or the community.
Microsoft Windows software Microsoft Windows icon - convert gko to gbp on Windows
Altium Designer icon Altium Designer
A PCB and FPGA design software
File extension
Convert
Open
Save
Edit
Create
Import
Export
Extract
Convert from gko file
NoYesYesgko editorYesNoNoNo
to gbp file
NoYesNoNoNoNoYesNo
The table with program actions contains information about what each program is capable of doing with their files. This may be a good pointer for further searches for certain file conversions and help you find the converter you are looking for if our search result is insufficient for you. However, it is far from perfect and may sometimes show results which are not really usable because of the nature of the software handles the files. So a conversion that appears as possible, just because of matched actions, may in fact not be possible.

Additional links: Open gko file, Open gbp file
GKO
Files with gko extension are commonly found as one of the PCB Gerber formats. Used for design and manufacturing of printed circuit boards.
GBP
Files with gbp extension can be also found as one of the gerber formats. These formats are used for design and manufacture printed circuit boards (PCB).

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text:
Rene LaRose, director of the the NATO Science and Coordination Office, visited ICT along with John Tangney from the Office of Naval Research and Paul Chatelier from the Naval Postgraduate School. The purpose of the visit was to learn about the institute's modeling, simulation and virtual reality work. The tour included demonstrations of ICT's virtual human prototypes INOTS, SimCoach, SimSensei and Gunslinger. The guests also visited the ICT Graphics Lab to see the group's advances in creating digital doubles and holographic projections.
ICT Hosts Visitors from NATO and ONR
Published: October 23, 2013


Add a New Page to ASP.NET Core Razor Project
Adding pages to an ASP.NET Core Razor pages application is a process that you might need to go through many times, and it probably sounds like something simple, but that is not always the case.
This post will show you how to add a new ASP.NET page to an existing ASP.NET Core Razor page application.
Create a new Page
If you need to create a new page using the .NET CLI, open the project directory Pages folder (see screenshot) and run the command below.
dotnet new page --name mycode
In our case, we added a page called mycode.
How does it work?
Behind the scenes, ASP.NET uses a method called MapRazorPages() that maps any page added to the Pages/ to the routing template using attribute routing.
 app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
 {
 endpoints.MapRazorPages();
 });
Once you add the page, you can go ahead, run the app and access it. The process is straightforward if you don't need a custom routing that routes multiple URLs to the same page.
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To: J3 J3/21-151r1 From: Malcolm Cohen Subject: Interp F18/031 CO_BROADCAST with polymorphic argument Date: 2021-July-01 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- NUMBER: F18/031 TITLE: CO_BROADCAST with polymorphic argument DEFECT TYPE: Erratum STATUS: Passed by J3 meeting QUESTION: Consider the code fragment Subroutine asgn_for_image(a,b,srcimg) Class(*) a,b Integer,Intent(In) :: srcimg ! The assignment A = B is not allowed, so... If (This_Image()==srcimg) Then Call asgn(b) Else Call asgn(a) End If Contains Subroutine asgn(x) Class(*) x Call co_broadcast(x,Source_Image=srcimg) End Subroutine End Subroutine There is no requirement forbidding the A argument of CO_BROADCAST from being polymorphic, so on the face of it, this appears to get around the prohibition against nonallocatable polymorphic assignment. However, CO_BROADCAST states "A becomes defined, as if by intrinsic assignment" but intrinsic assignment is not defined when the variable is a nonallocatable polymorphic. It can be convincingly argued that the standard therefore does not establish an interpretation, and thus the call to CO_BROADCAST is not valid. Philosophically, it would seem to be strange to allow polymorphic broadcast across images, but not to allow polymorphic assignment of a single variable within an image let alone across images. Is the call to CO_BROADCAST in the example standard-conforming? (And if so, what are the actual semantics?) ANSWER: No, this was not intended to be conforming. An edit is supplied with the missing requirement. EDIT to 18-007r1: [355:20] 16.9.46 CO_BROADCAST, p3 Arguments, argument A, After "It shall not be" Insert "polymorphic or" Making that sentence read "It shall not be polymorphic or a coindexed object." SUBMITTED BY: Malcolm Cohen HISTORY: 21-151 m224 Submitted 21-151r1 m224 Eliminated alternative answer. ----------------------------------------------------------------------


text:
Main Article Content
This study aims to identify architecture in coastal areas that are influenced by acculturation. Indonesia is the second country with the longest coastal area in the world. Coastal areas are un-secluded areas that have the potential to open up access to economic, social, and cultural factors. The wide-open cultural access causes the coastal areas to have diversity in architecture, Cultural acculturation is a process of cultural fusion as a result of blending immigrants culture with the local culture. The architecture of the coastal area has specific characteristics with several forms of amalgamation from immigrant culture's influence. Using a qualitative approach with the literature study method. The diversity of architecture in Indonesia's coastal areas includes traditional architecture, modern and contemporary architecture. According to historical records, most of the immigrants who entered Indonesia through various coastal areas were ethnic Chinese, Arabs, and Dutch. The culture of the immigrants is mixed with the culture of the local community. In its development, the mixture of cultures from China, Arabic, and the Netherlands gave a significant influence on the architecture of coastal communities. The mixing of cultures is manifested in various values ??and forms in the figure and form of the architecture. Chinese architecture, Arabic architecture, and Colonial architecture are forms of cultural acculturation.


text:
What is the difference between:
Quiero que coma
Is it a certain nuance between saying "I want to eat" and "I want that I could eat?"
I'm a little confused here!
I am a little confused too :))
What you are saying in Spanish: quiero que coma and querer comer don't correspond with the English:
"I want to eat" and "I want that I could eat".
If you mean the difference between "I want to eat" and "I want you to eat", this would be:
Quiero comer (I want to eat)
Quiero que comas (I want you to eat)
The second one using que + subjunctive because it is two different subjects.
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Test your Spanish to the CEFR standard


ArangoDB v3.5 reached End of Life (EOL) and is no longer supported.
This documentation is outdated. Please see the most recent version here: Latest Docs
SmartGraph Management
This chapter describes the JavaScript interface for creating and modifying SmartGraphs. A SmartGraph is a specialized version of a General Graph, which means all of the General Graph functionality is available on a SmartGraph as well. The major difference of both modules is handling of the underlying collections:
 - General Graphs do not enforce or maintain any sharding of the collections and can therefore combine arbitrary sets of existing collections.
 - SmartGraphs enforce and rely on a special sharding of the underlying collections and hence can only work with collections that are created through the SmartGraph itself. This also means that SmartGraphs cannot be overlapping. A collection can either be sharded for one SmartGraph or for another. If you need to make sure that all queries can be executed with SmartGraph performance, just create one large SmartGraph covering everything and query it stating the subset of edge collections explicitly.
To generally understand the concept of this module please read the chapter about General Graph Management first. In the following we will only describe the overloaded functionality. Everything else works identical in both modules.
Create a Graph
SmartGraphs also require edge relations to be created. The format of the relations is identical. The only difference is that all collections used within the relations to create a new SmartGraph must not exist yet. You have to let the SmartGraph module create the Graph collections for you, so that it can enforce the correct sharding.
graph_module._create(graphName, edgeDefinitions, orphanCollections, smartOptions)
 - graphName (string): Unique identifier of the graph
 - edgeDefinitions (array): List of relation definition objects, may be empty
 - orphanCollections (array): List of additional vertex collection names, may be empty
 - smartOptions (object): A JSON object having the following keys:
 - numberOfShards (number): The number of shards that will be created for each collection. To maintain the correct sharding all collections need an identical number of shards. This cannot be modified after creation of the graph.
 - smartGraphAttribute (string): The attribute that will be used for sharding. All vertices are required to have this attribute set and it has to be a string. Edges derive the attribute from their connected vertices.
The creation of a graph requires the name and some SmartGraph options. Due to the API edgeDefinitions and orphanCollections have to be given, but both can be empty arrays and be added later.
The edgeDefinitions can be created using the convenience method _relation known from the general-graph module, which is also available here.
orphanCollections again is just a list of additional vertex collections which are not yet connected via edges but should follow the same sharding to be connected later on.
All collections used within the creation process are newly created. The process will fail if one of them already exists, unless they have the correct sharding already. All newly created collections will immediately be dropped again in the failure case.
Examples
Create a graph without relations. Edge definitions can be added later:
arangosh> var graph_module = require("@arangodb/smart-graph");
arangosh> var graph = graph_module._create("myGraph", [], [], {smartGraphAttribute: "region", numberOfShards: 9});
arangosh> graph_module._graph("myGraph");
Show execution results
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{[SmartGraph]
}
Create a graph using an edge collection edges and a single vertex collection vertices as relation:
arangosh> var graph_module = require("@arangodb/smart-graph");
arangosh> var edgeDefinitions = [ graph_module._relation("edges", "vertices", "vertices") ];
arangosh> var graph = graph_module._create("myGraph", edgeDefinitions, [], {smartGraphAttribute: "region", numberOfShards: 9});
arangosh> graph_module._graph("myGraph");
Show execution results
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{[SmartGraph]
 "edges" : [ArangoCollection _PHONE_, "edges" (type edge, status loaded)],
 "vertices" : [ArangoCollection _PHONE_, "vertices" (type document, status loaded)]
}
Create a graph with edge definitions and orphan collections:
arangosh> var graph_module = require("@arangodb/smart-graph");
arangosh> var edgeDefinitions = [ graph_module._relation("myRelation", ["male", "female"], ["male", "female"]) ];
arangosh> var graph = graph_module._create("myGraph", edgeDefinitions, ["sessions"], {smartGraphAttribute: "region", numberOfShards: 9});
arangosh> graph_module._graph("myGraph");
Show execution results
Hide execution results
{[SmartGraph]
 "myRelation" : [ArangoCollection _PHONE_, "myRelation" (type edge, status loaded)],
 "female" : [ArangoCollection _PHONE_, "female" (type document, status loaded)],
 "male" : [ArangoCollection _PHONE_, "male" (type document, status loaded)],
 "sessions" : [ArangoCollection _PHONE_, "sessions" (type document, status loaded)]
}
Modify a graph definition at runtime
After you have created a SmartGraph its definition is not immutable. You can still add or remove relations. This is again identical to General Graphs.
However there is one important difference: You can only add collections that either do not exist, or that have been created by this graph earlier. The latter can be achieved if you for example remove an orphan collection from this graph, without dropping the collection itself. Than after some time you decide to add it again, it can be used. This is because the enforced sharding is still applied to this vertex collection, hence it is suitable to be added again.
Remove a vertex collection
Remove a vertex collection from the graph:
graph._removeVertexCollection(vertexCollectionName, dropCollection)
 - vertexCollectionName (string): Name of vertex collection.
 - dropCollection (bool, optional): If true the collection will be dropped if it is not used in any other graph. Default: false.
In most cases this function works identically to the General Graph one. But there is one special case: The first vertex collection added to the graph (either orphan or within a relation) defines the sharding for all collections within the graph. They have their distributeShardsLike attribute set to the name of the initial collection. This collection can not be dropped as long as other collections follow its sharding (i.e. they need to be dropped first).
Examples
Create a SmartGraph and list its orphan collections:
arangosh> var graph_module = require("@arangodb/smart-graph");
arangosh> var relation = graph_module._relation("edges", "vertices", "vertices");
arangosh> var graph = graph_module._create("myGraph", [relation], ["other"], {smartGraphAttribute: "region", numberOfShards: 9});
arangosh> graph._orphanCollections();
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[
 "other"
]
Remove the orphan collection from the SmartGraph and drop the collection:
arangosh> graph._removeVertexCollection("other", true);
arangosh> graph_module._graph("myGraph");
Show execution results
Hide execution results
{[SmartGraph]
 "edges" : [ArangoCollection _PHONE_, "edges" (type edge, status loaded)],
 "vertices" : [ArangoCollection _PHONE_, "vertices" (type document, status loaded)]
}
Attempting to remove a non-orphan collection results in an error:
arangosh> graph._removeVertexCollection("vertices");
Show execution results
Hide execution results
[ArangoError 1928: collection is not in list of orphan collections]
You cannot drop the initial collection (vertices) as long as it defines the sharding for other collections (edges).
arangosh> var graph_module = require("@arangodb/smart-graph");
arangosh> var relation = graph_module._relation("edges", "vertices", "vertices");
arangosh> var graph = graph_module._create("myGraph", [relation], [], {smartGraphAttribute: "region", numberOfShards: 9});
arangosh> graph._deleteEdgeDefinition("edges");
arangosh> graph._removeVertexCollection("vertices");
arangosh> db._


What Is a Dripping Pan? + How to Clean It!
If you're a cook who likes a clean stove, grill, and oven, then you'll certainly love dripping pans.
As suggested by the name, a dripping pan is any container that catches the grease drippings of meat and poultry while it cooks.
Read on to find out everything you need to know about dripping pans.
What Is a Dripping Pan?
A dripping can refer to different kinds of pans. The first one is a metal pan that is typically fixed under the burner found in a gas or electric stovetop.
Another type of dripping pan is a large metal pan that you can place underneath a baking sheet when baking something in the oven.
This is the pan that will prevent the food from bubbling over and sticking to the sides and bottom of your oven.
It will also prevent the food from catching fire. Finally, grills also come with dripping pans that can catch grease drippings so that they don't affect your floor or coals.
Broiling pans also have a dripping pan that collects the fat and juices that drip off the meat and poultry.
Let's learn a bit about each type of dripping pan:
Stove Dripping Pan
Each burner on an electric stove has a dripping pan. Typically, your stove will come with attached dripping pans.
However, you need to replace these pans after every 6 months or one year. This is because food tends to burn and stick to these dripping pans, making cleaning difficult.
You can easily find them in most kitchen stores and are fairly affordable. You can also replace them quite easily.
These dripping pans are most commonly available in silver and black hues since these colors are better at hiding grease. You must also wash these dripping pans regularly to prevent food particles from accumulating on them.
Dripping Pans for Ovens
These types of drip pans are used in ovens to prevent food from overflowing onto the walls of your oven. These pans are specifically useful when baking dishes such as casseroles.
This is because they can bubble over and cause a sticky mess that will be difficult to clean up.
Food that you put under the broiler or in a roasting pan will also drip over in your oven if you don't use a dripping pan.
These dripping pans are commonly made of aluminum and are disposable.
You can also place a larger baking sheet under your casserole dish to catch the drips. Shallow and light cookie sheets also act as great dripping pans.
Using a dripping pan helps you decrease your post-cooking cleanup time. You can simply throw away the disposable pan.
Even if your pan is not disposable, you can wash it instead of scrubbing the inside of your oven.
Dripping Pans for Grills
Charcoal and gas grills also feature dripping pans. As mentioned earlier, these pans catch grease drippings that can potentially damage your patio or deck if they fall to the ground.
They are typically used when roasting or grilling food, such as ribs and roast.
These pans are typically larger than the ones available for ovens. They are made of aluminum and are quite easy to adjust inside the grill. You must remove and clean these dripping pans regularly.
This will help prevent any grease buildup. If you need to replace your pan, opt for a metal one instead of plastic. This is because plastic will easily melt if it comes into contact with hot grease.
What Is the Purpose of a Dripping Pan?
Dripping pans have many purposes. The first and most obvious one is to collect the drippings from ducks, ribs, and other fatty foods.
You can also use dripping pans for indirect grilling. Simply put the aluminum pan between the mounds of hot coal under your grate.
Then, fill it with water, herbs, wine, beer, marinades, and other flavorful liquids. Put your roast or ribs on the grill.
The liquids in the dripping pan will evaporate into palatable steam. This hot steam will slow-cook the meat and add mouthwatering flavors to it.
It will also ensure that the meat or poultry remains succulent during prolonged cooking.
You can also add all sorts of veggies, such as onions, potatoes, and celery into the mix as well.
The grease drippings from the poultry or meat will create a delectable mix of flavors that you can use with your food. When using a dripping pan for indirect cooking, just make sure that it doesn't dry out.
This will burn all your precious gravy. Simply add more hot water to the pan so that the liquid is at least an inch or two deep.
This will keep the food succulent as well. Furthermore, make sure to keep checking the pan during the slow-cooking process.
You can also use a dripping pan to collect the flavorful juices and fats from meat and poultry. You can then use these juices to make delicious stocks and sauces.
These pans are also used to prevent oil from coating coals and water during indirect cooking with water pans.
How to Clean a Dripping Pan with Stubborn Grease Buildup
When grease starts to accumulate on the dripping pan, it becomes a fire hazard. This is why you must clean your dripping pans regularly.
Here are the steps that you can follow to clean a dripping pan with stubborn grease buildup:
 1. Let the dripping pan cool completely and then remove it from the grill, stove, or oven.
 2. Submerge the dirty pan in your sink in hot water and let it soak completely for about 10 minutes.
 3. Drain the dirty water from your sink and pour some distilled white vinegar over the pan. This will help get rid of the baked-on food particles and stubborn grease.
 4. Let the pan sit in the vinegar for about 30 minutes.
 5. Sprinkle some baking soda on top of the vinegar.
 6. Let it sit for a minute or two and then use your fingers to rub it into the burnt-on crust.
 7. Allow the baking soda and vinegar blend to sit on the surface of the pans for at least 15 minutes. During this time, the burn residue will start to flake away from your dripping pan.
 8. After the designated time, drain the vinegar and baking soda mixture and use hot water to rinse your pan.
 9. Apply some more baking soda on the surface of the pan and rub it into the remaining stains as thoroughly as possible.
 10. Rinse the pan with hot water once again and use a towel to dry it thoroughly.
When Should You Change Your Dripping Pan?
You must change your dripping pan at least once a year. This is because when a drip pan is dirty with stubborn grease buildup, it becomes a safety hazard.
The biggest risk comes from the toxic fumes that can accumulate on the pan if you don't clean it regularly.
Burned meat juices and fat can be harmful to your health as well.
This is why you must remove your pan from the oven or grill when it's cool enough and clean it thoroughly. You can use hot soapy water to clean the fat drippings.
If the pan is too dirty, then you need to replace it. However, just be careful to find the perfect sized pan for your oven and grill. This is because an ill-fitted pan is also a fire hazard.
Difference between a Dripping Pan and a Water Pan
Many people confuse dripping pans with water pans. Dripping pans are typically placed right under your food to catch any grease or fat run-off.
This prevents the fat from hitting the flames and coals and reduces the risk of flareups.
Meanwhile, water pans sit directly on top of your heat source. Their primary function is to generate moisture and steam to prevent your meat from drying out.
You can also place a dripping pan above your water pan to prevent grease from hitting the water. This will ensure that the water continues to evaporate and keeps the meat succulent.
As mentioned earlier, you can also use a dripping pan for this purpose.
However, a water pan typically contains only water, while a dripping pan can contain a delicious concoction of liquids, which are used to add flavor to the food.
The Bottom Line
A dripping pan is a large pan that is typically made of metal and is used to prevent food drippings from bubbling over.
These pans are usually used to cook messy foods such as meats that have a lot of fat in them. You can also use them when baking dishes that bubble over and create a mess in your oven.
Typically, these pans are a part of electric stoves, gas and electric ovens, and gas grills. However, you can also use disposable dripping pans in your oven and grill.
You can easily find metal and plastic pans that will catch all the food drippings and prevent a mess.
Other articles you may also like:


text:
The Kingston Women's Medical College, affiliated with Queen's, was established in 1883 and ran until 1894. It was founded after disgruntled male students forced women out of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons, Kingston, an early incarnation of Queen's Faculty of Medicine.
The college was originally located in the west wing of Kingston City Hall and had a dissecting room just under the old building's dome. It moved to a house at 75 Union Street in 1890. The college folded for lack of students in 1894, as the small number of women studying medicine in Canada were increasingly attracted to medical schools in Toronto and Montreal.
Women were not re-admitted to medical studies at Queen's until 1943.