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Ian Malone
willy waste
Ian is an environmental studies major, a member of Alpha Kappa Chi, UB's professsional environmental fraternity, and an intern with the Office of Sustainability.
What does sustainability mean to you?
Sustainability to me means living in a way that lessens our impact on the planet and not depleting our resources to the point of making life harder for future generations.
What are you doing to help UB become more sustainable?
My contribution for helping UB be more sustainable is using less plastic and buying more locally, recycling more and informing friends about what can be recycled.
I am part of an environmental organization on campus which works towards informing people about sustainable living and how the way we are living now is negatively impacting the environment.
How has sustainability impacted your academic pursuits?
I am now fully invested in pursuing a career that supports living sustainable. My goal is to participate in changing the way we get energy and to move away from conventional gas or oil fuels.
I would like to people to know that even though I have a car, I still bike to as many places as possible. Living sustainable is possible for everyone and starts by changing the little things we do every day.
How could UB improve its sustainability efforts?
UB has made some big efforts to be more sustainable, from the new community bikes around campus to the massive composting facilities that we now have. But I believe that the biggest step towards being more sustainable would be to re-design the campus, around cars and driving everywhere, towards a campus in which students could walk to all of our necessities, such as grocery stores.


Italian Greyhound
Italian Greyhound
Vital Statistics:
Place of Origin: Italy
Group: Sighthound, Toy
Height: 13-15 in.
Weight: 8-18 lbs.
Life span: 12-15 yrs.
Trainability: moderate
Good with children: yes with gentle children
Good with other pets: yes with early socialization, but may chase small animals
Dog of the Month for June
The Italian Greyhound is gentle soul very affectionate and devoted to family. A swift hunter who uses all senses.
What is the origin of the Italian Greyhound?
In the Mediterranean area, art works dating back 2,000 years depict dogs resembling the Italian Greyhound. They were great favorites of Italian nobles. The Italian Greyhound appeared in the U.S. in the late 1800s.
What does the Italian Greyhound look like?
The Italian Greyhound is a small dog, 13-15 inches tall and weighing 8-18 lbs. The head is long and narrow with a dark nose. Ears are small and folded. Eyes are large and dark. The chest is deep and narrow. The straight tail has a slight curve. The coat is short and smooth. Colors are any color except brindle or black and tan. Weekly brushing will keep the coat in good condition.
What is the temperament of the Italian Greyhound?
This gentle dog can be timid with strangers. Early socialization will help check timidity. They are very devoted to and affectionate with their family. Italian Greyhounds shy away from children and adults who don't treat them gently. They should have a daily walk with an opportunity to run.
What is the Italian Greyhound used for?
The Italian Greyhound is swift and hunts using sight, scent and sound. Best of all it is a loyal companion.
Possible Health Issues
Risk of broken legs and tail bone, progressive retinal atrophy, cataracts, blindness, frostbite, epilepsy, hypothyroidism, other autoimmune diseases.
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Application for Membership
Per our constitution:
Membership shall be open to any person who subscribes to the aims and objects of the association and who pays the prescribed fee for a membership year (currently free of charge).
To apply to become a member of the Association a person must:
- submit an application for membership to the Committee:
- (i) in a form approved by the Committee (this online form); and
- (ii) signed by the person
Objects and purposes
The purpose of the Association is to be a focus for multidisciplinary activity in support of primary health care in remote and Indigenous Australia.
The objects of the Association are as follows:
- To improve health and medical services available to people living in Central, remote and rural Australia.
CARPA shall advance its objects by the following means:
- To provide expertise and governance for the maintenance of a standard treatment manual for use in central and northern Australian practice.
- To provide opportunities for multidisciplinary education and training.
- To provide a multidisciplinary forum to address primary health care issues in Central Australia.
- To provide a place for multidisciplinary interaction on primary health policy.
- To provide a vehicle for primary health care workers to play a public health advocacy role
- To do any other legal activity to further the mission of CARPA

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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SSTs can take several hours in many cases, but the current default value of TimeoutStartSec causes systemd to force the joiner node to timeout in about 90 seconds. It might make sense to disable systemd service's timeout by default instead.
Depending on the systemd version, disabling the startup timeout means setting either TimeoutStartSec=0 (if systemd version <=228) or TimeoutStartSec=infinity (if systemd version >=229).
In systemd 236 and later, the startup timeout can be extended by setting EXTEND_TIMEOUT_USEC:
If a service of Type=notify sends "EXTEND_TIMEOUT_USEC=…", this may cause the start time to be extended beyond TimeoutStartSec=. The first receipt of this message must occur before TimeoutStartSec= is exceeded, and once the start time has exended beyond TimeoutStartSec=, the service manager will allow the service to continue to start, provided the service repeats "EXTEND_TIMEOUT_USEC=…" within the interval specified until the service startup status is finished by "READY=1". (see sd_notify(3)).
It looks like this approach was used to extend the startup timeout during SSTs while fixing
MDEV-15607. It looks like this is the relevant commit:
The relevant service_manager_extend_timeout function seems to be defined here:
And it sets the EXTEND_TIMEOUT_USEC environment variable mentioned in the systemd manual.
However, a lot of users are still seeing startup timeouts during SSTs. The cause seems to be that most systemd installations are not yet using version 236 or later.
The following documentation section that describes current behavior:


Lining Extrusion and Cracking
Lining extrusion and cracking may be caused by overheating, which can reduce the strength of linings so that the material yields and cracks from the effect of normal and shear forces transmitted through very thin oil films. Wiping does not necessarily occur under such conditions.
Addressing the Damage
Fit new or reconditioned bearing pads. To prevent future damage, investigate and, if possible, reduce the maximum operating temperatures.
Figure 1: Cracking of whitemetal lining due to operation at excessively high temperatures; note displacement of whitemetal over the edge of the pad due to extrusion
Figure 2: Cracking and displacement of whitemetal lining of pad due to overheating under steady load conditions


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The Roaring River is a right tributary of the Swan River in Manitoba, Canada. Source: Wikipedia
Maximum discharge on the river today is recorded at the Roaring River Near Roaring River with a streamflow rate of 367 cfs. However, the deepest point on the river is located at the Roaring River Near Hilham reporting a gauge stage of 11.33 ft. This river is monitored from 2 different streamgauging stations along the Roaring River, the first of which is perched at an elevation of 965 ft, the Roaring River Near Roaring River .

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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If you're a YouTube creator or a die-hard fan who loves engaging with your favorite online personalities, then you've probably heard about YouTube Super Chat and Super Stickers. These exciting features allow you to show your support during live streams by highlighting your messages or sending eye-catching stickers that creators can see and respond to. In this article, we'll explore the ins and outs of YouTube Super Chat and Super Stickers, providing you with all the tips and tricks you need to make the most of these interactive tools. So get ready to take your online interactions to the next level and make a lasting impact on your favorite creators!
Understanding YouTube Super Chat
YouTube Super Chat is a feature that allows creators to monetize their live streams by allowing viewers to purchase chat messages that are highlighted during the stream. This feature provides a way for creators to interact with their fans in real-time while also generating revenue.
How does YouTube Super Chat work?
When a viewer purchases a Super Chat, their message is pinned to the top of the chat section for a specific duration, depending on the amount they spend. The more a viewer spends, the longer their message will stay at the top. This not only grabs attention but also helps the creator to easily spot and respond to Super Chat messages.
Benefits of using YouTube Super Chat
Using Super Chat during live streams offers several benefits for both creators and viewers. For creators, it provides a source of income and allows them to engage with their most dedicated fans. It also helps creators to stand out in the chat section, as their Super Chat messages are more prominent. For viewers, Super Chat offers the opportunity to have their messages noticed by the creator and the live chat community. It allows for a more meaningful interaction and support for their favorite creators.
Enabling and Setting Up Super Chat
To enable Super Chat on your YouTube channel, you must meet certain eligibility requirements. You need to be at least 18 years old, have monetization enabled, and adhere to YouTube's terms and policies. Additionally, your channel must be based in a country where Super Chat is available.
Enabling Super Chat on your YouTube channel
To enable Super Chat on your channel, go to YouTube Studio and navigate to the Monetization tab. From there, click on the Super Chat option and follow the prompts to set it up. It's important to carefully review and accept the terms of service before proceeding.
Setting up payment options
To receive payments from Super Chat, you need to set up your payment options. YouTube supports various payment methods, including credit cards and PayPal. Choose the option that works best for you and provide the necessary information to ensure a seamless payment process.
Using YouTube Super Chat during Livestreams
How to activate Super Chat during a livestream
To activate Super Chat during a livestream, you need to start a live stream on your YouTube channel. Once the stream is live, viewers will have the option to purchase Super Chats and have their messages highlighted. As the creator, you can easily identify Super Chat messages as they will appear at the top of the chat section.
Customizing Super Chat settings
YouTube provides creators with the ability to customize their Super Chat settings. You can choose the duration of time that Super Chat messages stay pinned to the top, as well as set a maximum and minimum purchase amount. These settings allow you to tailor the Super Chat experience to best fit your channel and audience.
Managing Super Chat messages
As a creator, it's important to effectively manage Super Chat messages during your livestream. You can use the moderation tools provided by YouTube to moderate and block any inappropriate or spammy messages. Remember to engage with Super Chat contributors by acknowledging their messages and responding to them during the stream.
Moderating and monitoring Super Chat
Moderating Super Chat messages is crucial to maintaining a positive and inclusive chat environment. YouTube offers moderation features that allow creators to monitor and moderate Super Chat messages. This includes blocking specific keywords, blocking users, and hiding inappropriate messages. By actively managing Super Chat, you can ensure a safe and enjoyable experience for all viewers.
Optimizing Super Chat to Maximize Benefits
Promoting Super Chat in advance
To maximize the benefits of Super Chat, it's important to promote it in advance. Let your audience know that you are using Super Chat and explain how it works. Encourage them to participate by highlighting the value and benefits they will receive by using Super Chat during the livestream. Building anticipation can help increase engagement and participation.
Engaging viewers through Super Chat
Super Chat provides an excellent opportunity to engage with your viewers in real-time. Encourage your audience to send Super Chats by asking questions, requesting feedback, or offering exclusive perks for Super Chat contributors. Engaging viewers through Super Chat will not only increase their participation but also make them feel valued and connected to your channel.
Creating exclusive Super Chat perks
To further incentivize Super Chat contributions, consider creating exclusive perks for Super Chat users. This could include offering shoutouts, showcasing Super Chat messages on the screen, or providing access to exclusive content or merchandise. By providing exclusive benefits, you can encourage more viewers to participate in Super Chat and support your channel.
Leveraging Super Chat analytics
YouTube provides analytics specifically for Super Chat, allowing you to track the performance and impact of your Super Chat messages. Use this data to understand which messages are most successful, which time frames generate the most engagement, and which tactics lead to increased Super Chat contributions. This information will help you optimize your Super Chat strategy and maximize its benefits.
Super Stickers: Enhancing User Interaction
Introduction to YouTube Super Stickers
In addition to Super Chat, YouTube also offers Super Stickers as a way to enhance user interaction during live streams. Super Stickers are animated images that viewers can purchase and send as a form of support and engagement. They add a visual element to the chat section and allow viewers to express themselves in a fun and unique way.
Using and customizing Super Stickers
Using Super Stickers is simple for both viewers and creators. Viewers can select from a variety of animated stickers, each with its own price. Creators can customize the Super Stickers available on their channel, selecting the ones that align with their brand and audience. This customization allows for a more personalized and engaging Super Sticker experience.
Benefits of incorporating Super Stickers
Incorporating Super Stickers into your livestreams can provide several benefits. They offer an additional way for viewers to support your channel and engage with your content. Super Stickers also add a visual appeal to the chat section, making the livestream more dynamic and entertaining for viewers. By utilizing both Super Chat and Super Stickers, you can create an interactive and rewarding experience for your audience.
Monetizing with YouTube Super Chat
Earning revenue through Super Chat
One of the primary benefits of Super Chat is the ability to monetize your livestreams. When viewers purchase Super Chats, a portion of the revenue goes to the creator. The exact percentage depends on your channel's monetization agreement with YouTube, but Super Chat can provide an additional stream of income for creators.
Managing and withdrawing Super Chat earnings
YouTube provides creators with tools to manage and track their Super Chat earnings. In your YouTube Studio, you can view detailed analytics and reports that provide insights into your Super Chat revenue. When it's time to withdraw your earnings, you can easily set up your payment preferences and withdraw funds through YouTube's payment system.
Super Chat Best Practices
Establishing reasonable Super Chat pricing
When setting the pricing for your Super Chat messages, it's important to establish reasonable prices that align with the value you provide. Consider your audience's willingness to pay and ensure that the prices are affordable and fair. Finding the right balance between generating revenue and encouraging participation will maximize the benefits of Super Chat.
Creating Super Chat guidelines
To maintain a positive and inclusive chat environment, it's essential to create Super Chat guidelines. These guidelines should outline acceptable behavior and content for Super Chat messages. Be clear about what is allowed and what is not, and enforce these guidelines consistently. By setting clear expectations, you can ensure a safe and respectful community for all viewers.
Acknowledging Super Chat contributors
A key practice when using Super Chat is acknowledging and appreciating Super Chat contributors. Take the time to read their messages aloud during the livestream and express your gratitude for their support. This simple act of recognition helps to strengthen the bond between creators and their most dedicated fans.
Balancing Super Chat with content delivery
While Super Chat offers the opportunity to generate revenue, it's important to balance its use with content delivery. Ensure that the livestream remains engaging, informative, and entertaining for all viewers, regardless of their participation in Super Chat. Maintaining a balance will create a more enjoyable experience for both Super Chat contributors and non-contributors.
Exploring Super Chat Alternatives
Other YouTube monetization options
While Super Chat is a popular monetization option, it's not the only one available for YouTube creators. YouTube offers various other monetization options, such as channel memberships, merchandise shelves, and YouTube Premium revenue. It's worth exploring these alternatives to find the combination that best suits your channel and content.
Comparison with YouTube Super Stickers
YouTube Super Stickers offer a unique alternative to Super Chat. While Super Chat allows viewers to highlight their messages in the chat section, Super Stickers provide a visual and interactive element. By comparing the benefits and features of Super Chat and Super Stickers, you can determine which option better aligns with your livestream goals and audience preferences.
Super Chat: Pros and Cons
Advantages of using Super Chat
The advantages of using Super Chat are numerous. It provides a way to monetize your livestreams, engage with your audience in real-time, and stand out in the chat section. Super Chat also helps to build a strong and supportive community of fans who are willing to financially support your channel.
Considerations and limitations
While Super Chat has many benefits,


how much water in a cubic foot of ice?
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It's a question of density, or compaction of the molecule. The density of most materials decreases with increasing temperature, because heat increases molecular agitation and makes the molecules move a bit further from each-other. The solid state is usually the densest, where the molecules are...
Answered: Differentiate between the structure of ice and water
Hi Billy, Water is liquid and you can't see a "structure"). The water molecules have a certain specific structure but you can't see it in any way (including electronic devices).... Ice is solid, that means a very well defined organized repeatable structure (easily seen using a simple microscope...
Answered: Cubic Inches of Water in a Gallon
1 US gallon = 231 cubic inches I hope that helps
Answered: Would grace ice and water shield make a good...
Absolutely not! Even though Grace ice and water shield has a 5 year warranty, it only has a 30 day UV exposure rating (it can only be left exposed to sunlight for 30 days). Grace can be hard to find. These people have Grace pricing online and can ship you Grace in a few days: grace ice and water...
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If you are diving, Tahoe waters are over 5,000 feet in elevation, so be sure to check your dive tables for high altitude dive regulations.


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Rooting for realistic black dolls
First there was the golliwog, then there was black Barbie. Now the creators of a new talking doll say that, after 140 years of racism and negative stereotyping, toys for black children have finally come of age with a doll that teaches them their roots.
Rooti dolls claim to be the first fashion dolls to speak languages from countries ranging from Ghana to Zimbabwe and are designed to help the Western children of African parents to stay in touch with their heritage.
"The idea of Rooti dolls is to create that early interest in our children in their own culture, an appreciation of where they come from and to improve their self-esteem," said Chris Chidi Ngoforo, founder of United Kingdom-based Rooti Creations, which makes the dolls.
"My three daughters love dolls that look and dress like them," said Ngoforo. "But my daughters couldn't speak a word of Igbo, which is the ethnic group in Nigeria that I come from. They were my inspiration to create a doll that could provide a positive image and also teach them our languages."
The dolls, which go on sale this year, are further evidence of a resurgence in confidence among African migrants, experts say, and an increasing desire to hold on to their culture.
"In the past, the argument for not teaching the children the African language in addition to English was that it would confuse them or detrimentally affect their picking up of English, which is deemed to be the more important language," said Kwaku, a UK-based African history consultant. "Now we know that children can learn several languages at the same time."
Reshaping the toy industry
The dolls are the latest in a long line of attempts to reshape a toy industry that for many people of African descent still reflects racial prejudice. Attempts by Mattel to create an entire range of African-American Barbie dolls – with names such as Chandra, Zahara, Trichelle and Janessa – met with derision from some groups, who said the dolls did not go far enough in portraying a more realistic body image of black women.
"Many people told us that the [black] dolls on the market look like a white doll painted black," said Ngoforo. "Our dolls are created as a real image... of us as black people – African, African-Caribbean and African-American. They have wider noses, fuller lips, long curly hair and they come in various shades of black."
The impact on children of unrealistic depictions of black people has been the subject of controversy since the legal case that led to the desegregation of schools in the United States in the 1950s. Psychologist Kenneth Clark conducted a test on black children in which, given dolls that were identical except for their skin colour, the majority associated the black doll with negative stereotypes.
"Without dolls that accurately represent their own image, children end up looking up to white dolls and seeing the white image as being powerful and what beauty is," said Phillip Jordan, author of a study on racial preferences among black children.
But Rooti dolls, despite their more African facial features, have been criticised too. The dolls have long hair, which critics say reinforces negative messages about natural Afro hair and encourages the growing trend in hair extensions.
Ngoforo is planning a new range that promotes natural hair and more detailed black features. – © Guardian News & Media 2012

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


P0601 Chevrolet: Step-by-Step Guide to Replacing the Control Module and Final Verdict
If your Chevy Equinox is showing a P0601 code, indicating an internal control module checksum error, you may need to replace the control module. In this guide, we'll walk you through the process of replacing the control module to fix this issue.
Firstly, before considering a replacement, always check the wiring to ensure there are no issues such as cuts or damage. Once you've confirmed that the wiring is intact, you can proceed with replacing the control module.
Steps to Replace the Control Module
To begin the replacement, follow these steps:
 1. Remove the cover: Use an eight-millimeter socket to remove the bolts securing the cover.
 2. Secure transmission cooler line: The cooler line has a 13-millimeter nut, remove it and carefully lay the line back to prevent trapping the cover.
 3. Ensure the seal is in place: Check the seal on the transmission cooler line to avoid fluid leaks after reassembly.
 4. Verify matching numbers: If replacing with a used module, ensure the numbers match. For a new module, the VIN number will be used for selection.
 5. Unscrew the bolts: Remove the seven-millimeter and 10-millimeter bolts to access and remove the control module.
 6. Disconnect plugs: Unplug the connectors and carefully secure the wires out of the way.
Remember to handle the bolts carefully as they are of the same length and can be interchanged. Once the control module is removed, you can proceed with replacing it with a new or used one, ensuring that it is reprogrammed to match your vehicle's specifications.
Conclusion
By following these steps, you can effectively address the P0601 code in your Chevy Equinox due to an internal control module checksum error. Always ensure proper reprogramming after replacing the module to avoid any potential issues with transmission functionality. We hope this guide has been helpful in enabling you to replace the control module yourself and resolve the error code in your vehicle.
What does the P0601 code mean for a Chevy Equinox?
The P0601 code for a Chevy Equinox stands for internal computer checksum error. This code indicates a loss of communication between the transmission computer and the control module on the vehicle.
How to replace the control module for the P0601 code?
To replace the control module for the P0601 code, you will need to remove the cover by unscrewing the bolts, disconnect the wiring, and then slide off the module. If replacing with a used one, ensure the numbers match up. If using a new one, it will need to be reprogrammed.
What should be checked before replacing the control module for the P0601 code?
Before replacing the control module for the P0601 code, always check the wiring to ensure it is working as intended and that there are no cut wires or other issues with the wiring.
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What key is 21 guns?
F major
What I've done chords?
Why is it called 21 guns?
The 21-gun salute, commonly recognized by many nations, is the highest honor rendered. The custom stems from naval tradition, when a warship would signify its lack of hostile intent by firing its cannons out to sea until all ammunition was spent.
Did David Bowie write 21 guns?
On its release, however, many rock critics noted the similarities between the melody of the song's chorus and "All the Young Dudes," a song recorded by the glam rock band Mott the Hoople in 1972, but written by David Bowie. Rather than risk a lawsuit, Green Day decided to list Bowie as a songwriter on "21 Guns."
Is 21 guns a protest song?
"21 Guns" is a protest song, protesting war. This song is an anti-war song which targets world peace. Although this song doesn't protest a specific war, it protests war in general. … The song references the 21 Gun Salute, which is performed as a military honor.19 мая 2013 г.
What is the F note on guitar?
Here is the basic version of the F chord. … It is played by barring the first two strings with the first finger on the first fret, then picking up the A note with the second finger on the second fret of the 3rd string, and grabbing the F note with the third finger on the third fret of hte 4th string..
You might be interested: How to play friends in low places on guitar
What is am7 chord?
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The following objects represent quantities in a model:
Scoping refers to which object another object is contained in. Scoping affects compartments, species, parameters, and rules.
A compartment is scoped to (or contained in) a model or another compartment.
Although a model can contain multiple compartments, each species is scoped to only one compartment.
A parameter is scoped to a model or a kinetic law.
Note the following when naming objects within a model:
Compartment names must be unique within a model.
Species in different compartments can have the same name.


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How's Your Soil?
Ever wondered how much it costs to restore and maintain your soil in Defiance, OH? Are you trying to determine the most cost-effective approach for your gardening or landscaping project?
In this blog post, we will dive into the world of soil costs and help you understand the various factors that influence them.
By the time you finish reading this post, you'll be equipped with the knowledge to make an informed decision on how to approach your soil needs.
Topsoil Costs In Defiance, OH
Topsoil Cost By Area Size
The cost of topsoil in Defiance, OH, is determined by the area size in cubic yards. Bulk topsoil delivery costs between $10 and $50 per cubic yard. This depends on soil amount, material quality, moisture content, and any delivery fees.
- A 10- to 15-yard dump truck load of topsoil costs $150 to $500 for delivery.
- If you need a smaller amount, a ½-yard scoop of topsoil runs $10 to $30 for self-pickup.
- For smaller projects, bagged topsoil costs $2 to $6 per bag or $35 to $120 per cubic yard.
*Note that these estimates are rough and may not include additional costs such as delivery fees or labor costs for professional installation.
A factor that affects the cost of topsoil is the type of soil needed. For example, screened topsoil is more expensive than unscreened topsoil.
Screened topsoil is ideal for planting and growing, while unscreened topsoil is perfect for filling holes or leveling uneven surfaces.
The Cost For Dirt
|Material Type||Cost Range||Notes|
|Septic Fill Dirt||$8 – $16 per cubic yard||Screened or unscreened fill dirt for septic installations and repairs|
|Engineered & Structural Fill Dirt||$20 – $50 per cubic yard||Used for construction projects such as building foundations and roadways|
|Black Dirt (Topsoil)||$10 – $50 per cubic yard||Rich organic soil used for gardening or landscaping projects|
|Clay Dirt||$15 – $40 per cubic yard||Dense, heavy soil used for construction projects like building foundations, roadways|
|Mulch||$15 – $65 per cubic yard||Popular for landscaping and gardening projects|
|Sand||$15 – $40 per cubic yard||Used for filling damp areas or creating a level base|
|Rocks, Stones, Gravel, and Riprap||Sold by cubic foot or ton||Prices vary based on type of rock, location, and supplier|
Note: Prices may vary based on location, quantity needed, and additional costs such as delivery fees or labor costs for professional installation.
Topsoil Cost By Area Size
Fill dirt is a versatile material that can be used for a variety of purposes, including leveling holes, raising the ground level, filling in a pool, improving drainage, construction, or septic backfill.
The cost of filling dirt varies depending on the type, volume ordered, and distance away.
Septic Fill Dirt Cost
Septic fill dirt is used for septic system installations and repairs. It is typically a clean fill or unscreened fill dirt, which is the most popular type.
Screened-fill dirt may cost around $8 to $16 per cubic yard. However, the cost may vary depending on the location and amount of fill needed.
Engineered And Structural Fill Dirt Cost
Engineered and structural fill dirt is used for construction projects, such as building foundations and roadways. This type of fill dirt is typically more expensive than regular fill dirt.
The cost may range from $20 to $50 per cubic yard or more, depending on the location and amount of fill needed.
Notes On Ordering Fill Dirt
When ordering fill dirt, it is important to consider the type of fill needed, the volume required, and the location of the project. Some suppliers may offer discounts for larger orders or for customers who are located closer to their facility.
It is also important to ensure that the fill dirt is of good quality and free from contaminants, such as rocks, debris, and other materials that may affect the integrity of the project.
Black Dirt Cost
Black dirt, also known as topsoil, is a rich, organic soil that is typically used for gardening or landscaping projects.
The cost of black dirt may range from $10 to $50 per cubic yard, depending on the location and amount of fill needed.
Clay Dirt Cost
Clay dirt is a dense, heavy soil that is typically used for construction projects, such as building foundations and roadways.
The cost of clay dirt may range from $15 to $40 per cubic yard, depending on the location and amount of fill needed.
Mulch is a popular material used for landscaping and gardening projects. It helps retain moisture in the soil, suppresses weed growth, and adds nutrients to the soil as it decomposes. However, the cost of mulch can vary depending on the type of mulch, the quantity needed, and the location of the buyer.
The average cost of mulch is $15 to $65 per cubic yard. Economy mulch costs $15 to $30 per yard, while colored or hardwood mulch runs $30 to $40 per yard. The cost of mulch can also depend on the location of the buyer and the availability of the material in the area.
Sand is a popular material for landscaping and construction projects. It is commonly used for filling in damp areas or creating a level base for pavers and other outdoor features. The cost of sand varies depending on the quantity and location of the purchase.
On average, the cost of sand is between $15 and $40 per cubic yard when delivered.
The price may vary depending on the distance from the supplier, the quality of the sand, and the amount purchased. For example, a truckload of sand may cost between $300 and $700, which typically includes the cost of delivery.
It is important to note that the cost of sand may increase if it needs to be screened or washed prior to delivery.
Screened sand is typically free of debris and small stones, making it ideal for certain projects. However, the additional processing may add to the overall cost.
When purchasing sand, it is important to consider the intended use and the quality of the product. Cheaper sand may contain impurities that can affect the performance of the material. It is recommended to purchase sand from a reputable supplier to ensure quality and reliability.
Rocks, Stones, Gravel, And Riprap
When it comes to landscaping or construction, rocks, stones, gravel, and riprap are often used to add visual appeal, create drainage systems, and prevent erosion.
These materials are typically sold by cubic foot or ton, depending on the supplier, location, and type of rock.
One cubic foot of rock or stone typically weighs between 100-200 pounds, depending on the type of rock. For example, one cubic foot of granite weighs around 170 pounds, while one cubic foot of limestone weighs around 150 pounds.
When purchasing rocks or stones for a project, it's important to consider the total volume needed. For larger projects, it may be more cost-effective to purchase rocks or stones by ton. One ton of rock or stone typically covers around 100 square feet at a 2-inch depth. The cost of rocks or stones can vary greatly depending on the type of rock, location, and supplier.
Riprap, which is used to protect shorelines from erosion, can also be purchased by the cubic yard or ton. The cost of riprap varies depending on location and the type of material selected. A cost of $25 to $75 per cubic yard of ungrouted riprap can be used as a basic quote, while grouted riprap ranges from $45 to $60 per square yard.
In addition to rocks and stones, gravel is another material that is commonly used in landscaping and construction. Gravel is typically sold by the ton, with one ton covering around 80-100 square feet at a 2-inch depth. The cost of gravel can vary depending on the type of gravel, location, and supplier.
Factors Affecting Soil Costs
Different soil types have varying densities, particle sizes, and water retention capabilities, which can impact the amount of soil needed and the cost per cubic yard. For instance, sandy soil is less dense and requires more soil to fill a given area compared to clay soil.
Moreover, the water retention capacity of soil can affect how much water is needed for the project, which can also impact the cost.
Professional Vs. DIY Installation
Hiring a professional can significantly increase the cost of the project due to labor costs, permits, and licenses.
However, a professional installation can ensure that the soil is properly installed, compacted, and tested for percolation, which can save money in the long run by preventing future drainage problems.
On the other hand, a DIY installation can save money on labor costs, but the quality of the installation may be compromised, leading to future problems that can increase the cost of the project.
Some suppliers may offer free delivery for bulk orders, while others may charge a fee based on the distance and quantity of soil needed.
Additionally, the cost of soil can vary depending on the location of the supplier, as transportation costs can be a significant factor in the overall cost of the project.
How To Lower The Cost Of Soil
Local suppliers tend to have a better understanding of the soil types and conditions in your area, which can be beneficial when selecting the right type of soil for your specific needs.
Additionally, sourcing soil locally can help to reduce transportation costs, as the distance the soil needs to be transported will likely be shorter.
Recycling Organic Materials
Instead of purchasing new soil,


Social Work Rural Camp
The 10-day rural camp exposes students to working in community and allows them to experience group living.
In the beginning of the semester students should attend 10 days rural camp.
 - Social work camp for 8 to 10 days is compulsory for Students
 - Micro-planning activity and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) activity shall be the part of social work camp.
 - Urban social work camp may also be organized in any town or corporation area.
 - Tribal camp may also be organized in any tribal area.
 - Students should prepare a social work camp report and submit it to College/Dept.
Objectives of the social work camp:
 1. Understand the social system with the dynamics within.
 2. Analysis of the regional social system, the approaches, and the strategies of intervention used by the government and non-government organisations.
 3. Understand the nature of government intervention in relation to various groups (caste, tribe etc.) in the region, and the related structures of decision-making and intervention.
 4. Develop the capacity to critique the interventions of both the voluntary organisations and the government agencies in relation to the specific group.
 5. Through experience in group-living the student should learn to appreciate its value in terms of self-development, interpersonal relationships, sense of organisation, management and taking on responsibility.
 6. Acquire skills in planning, organising, implementing through the camp for example: conscious use of time, communication skills, team spirit, handling relationships, conflicts and differences of opinion, decision making, evaluation, appreciation, sharing of resources, tasks, coping skills in problem situations, cooperation and coordination.
 7. Learners are fully involved in planning, implementing the plans and presenting their experience in a workshop on return from the camp.
 8. The learners should be encouraged to take on concrete tasks towards meeting basic/civic needs of the people.
 1. Living conditions, housing, water supply and other amenities.
 2. Social life-power structure, community life, social norms and social institutions, dominant caste and untouchability.
 3. Marriage and types of families, family life.
 4. Economic lifeOccupation, extent of employment, ownership of house, land, average size of holding, proportion of landless labourers, proportion of land held by non-tribals and average size holding (in a tribal area), income and indebtedness, bonded labour.
 5. Exploitation by landlord, moneylender, and traders, extent and areas of exploitation, efforts made to obtain justice and with what effect, conflict, resolution methods.
 6. Political life-dominant politicians in the region and taluka, the bases of their power, their links with other economic exploiters and politicians at different levels, their influence with respect to the police, judiciary, government officials, factional politics that effect development and social justice.
 7. Education-level of education, education facilities and who controls them, suitability of education system, use of education facilities by different castes and class groups.
 8. Conditions of health and nutrition, services available and their use.
 9. Positive local initiatives in the area.
Other problems and issues
 - Analysis of intervention programmes/services approach/strategies, participation of the client system.
 - Gaps and suggestions.
 - Role of the social worker.
 - 10. Guidelines for observation of a voluntary agency in a rural setting:
 1. Objectives
 2. The approach and methods used for achieving objectives.
 3. Organisational structure.
 4. Priorities and programs evolved, participation of people in decisionmaking and in programme implementation, problems encountered in programme implementation.
 5. Impact on the villagers in terms of their problems, social justice, development of leadership, development of an alert and democratic community.
 6. Relationship with Panchayat Raj, Block Development personnel, the magistracy and other government institutions and bodies, difficulties encountered, benefits received.
 - 11. Guidelines for observation of community development organisaitons and Panchayat Raj.
 1. Administrative set up of both the above.
 2. Who are the zilla parishad samiti/panchayat members, their socioeconomic and caste status.
 3. Problems of administrative personnel in working with elected persons at different levels.
 4. Decision making process: type of problems that come before the zilla parishad, panchayat, who initiates projects, process of assessing them. How decisions are made-manipulations, lobbying, pressure tactics used.
 5. Current major programes, budget allocations for the programmes, methods of implementation, participation of people, impact on development and social justice.


text:
How to draw Po from Kung Fu Panda. Learn to draw cartoon, Kung Fu Panda Po. From step by step drawing and video tutorial. Learn how to draw Manga, Anime, and comics. Drawing and sketching anime technique for manga, cartoon and comics. Draw and Sketch Cartoon character, Kung Fu Panda in action pose. Learn from Step by step and video tutorial. The process shows drawing and sketching video series of comic book characters that will help you gain knowledge of its cartoon anatomy and dynamics in the positioning of the figure and the details.
Po Ping or Po is the main protagonist of the Kung Fu Panda series. He is the adoptive son of Mr. Ping and one of Master Shifu's students at the Jade Palace. Po is also the prophesied Dragon Warrior, as well as the warrior of black and white. Po's dreams become reality when he joins the world of Kung Fu and studies alongside his idols, the legendary Furious Five (Tigress, Crane, Mantis, Viper and Monkey) under the leadership of their guru, Master Sifu.
Here is a drawing of Po from Kung Fu Panda.
Watch the drawing video tutorial how to draw Po from Kung Fu Panda
Here is an easy geometry break down of the character to understand the drawing.
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Efficient Mixed-Type Wafer Defect Pattern Recognition Using Compact Deformable Convolutional Transformers
03/24/2023
by Nitish Shukla, et al.
0
Manufacturing wafers is an intricate task involving thousands of steps. Defect Pattern Recognition (DPR) of wafer maps is crucial to find the root cause of the issue and further improving the yield in the wafer foundry. Mixed-type DPR is much more complicated compared to single-type DPR due to varied spatial features, the uncertainty of defects, and the number of defects present. To accurately predict the number of defects as well as the types of defects, we propose a novel compact deformable convolutional transformer (DC Transformer). Specifically, DC Transformer focuses on the global features present in the wafer map by virtue of learnable deformable kernels and multi-head attention to the global features. The proposed method succinctly models the internal relationship between the wafer maps and the defects. DC Transformer is evaluated on a real dataset containing 38 defect patterns. Experimental results show that DC Transformer performs exceptionally well in recognizing both single and mixed-type defects. The proposed method outperforms the current state of the models by a considerable margin
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