Is Red Bull Vegan or Vegetarian?
Red Bull is a famous energy drink marketed in a big slim blue-silver can. It's an excellent option for people who want a solution for caffeine but don't want coffee or tea. It provides convenience also. It's being sold since the 1980's such a number of vegans and vegetarians grew up enjoying the product and wanted to find out if they can continue to do so after changing over to a plant-based diet.
Is it vegan or vegetarian? Yes, Red Bull is both vegan and vegetarian.
It's a mix of carbonated water, simple sugars, salts like sodium bicarbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium pantothenate, vitamins, colours, flavours, and energy-providing elements like taurine and caffeine. None of these originates from animals.
We will check why each of the ingredients mentioned above is vegan. If a product is apt for vegans, it's by default suitable for vegetarians also but not the other way around. So, we'll be making use of the term vegan for the balance part of our article.
Why Red Bull Is Generally Considered Vegan
Taurine In Processed Foods Is Vegan
This was not always been the same. Like with necessary micronutrients, it used to be obtained from the things available in nature including animal tissue, but it's financially not feasible to get the ingredient this way when there are other methods to create the compound synthetically.
Elements like caffeine and taurine are added in these smart beverages which are sold as a solution to improve alertness and concentration.
Some ingredients are claimed to increase brain power are usually added to drinks that are marketed in the name of smart beverages despite the fact that there is hardly any research available to support such claims.
There may be some research available to back some particular ingredients like caffeine, but too little research has been done on smart drinks that claim to have a beneficial mixture of the right ingredients.
Ingredients mostly added to smart drinks that are believed to excite brain activities include amino acids like taurine, phenylalanine, choline, and L-cysteine.
However, taurine isn't strictly an amino acid; It's an amino sulfonic acid.
We are not telling that all taurine is vegan, but the type of taurine added in energy drinks and supplements is commonly prepared with chemical synthesis without getting it derived from animals and hence appropriate for vegans and vegetarians.
The Presence of Sugar Does Not Render a Food Non-Vegan
That's true by almost all standards. Some extra vigilant vegans want to stop using any processed food products prepared with non-organic sugar as organic sugar is never manufactured using bone char.
Even PETA mentions that not taking foods containing processed sugar is not being vegan. In Peta's article, 'Is Sugar Vegan?', they ask you not to overthink how sugar in any food product is manufactured.
They are trying to say that by stressing too hard about vague ingredients, we send wrong signals to potential vegans. i.e. It is pointless to think elements as vegan if produced in x way, but are non-vegan if made in y way.
That's our summary of what they are saying. We may not be agreeing with that. If you have convictions about having non-organic sugar because of some use of bone char in its manufacturing and want to stop using it, we think that's great.
But, it's not expected from you as a vegan that you must avoid all the foods with sugar. We don't purchase non-organic sugar in bulk for cooking or home use, but we also don't go out of the way to avoid all processed foods with sugar.
The B Vitamins in Red Bull Are Vegan
Until a few decades ago, almost all the vitamins used in fortified foods and supplements were made from matter that contained the nutrients naturally. Factories used to extract concentrates or extracts from vitamin-rich food sources in a natural way.
At times they were from vegan sources, and at other times not so much. This still happens today with vitamins A and D often being derived from cod liver oil.
Nowadays, the latest technologies have allowed food and supplement producers to synthesize vitamins, which is cheaper than deriving the nutrients naturally.
Reasons for opting for synthetic vitamins include:
· The synthetic type is much cheaper
· The shortage of vitamins in natural sources, as compared to the artificial way
· Better taste and smell from synthetic vitamins
· Better shelf-life
· Lesser loss of nutrients during extraction
· Less damage to the molecules
Some vitamins like vitamin D are still extracted from lanolin found quickly in sheep oil. Red Bull uses B vitamins like Vitamin B3 or niacin, vitamin B6 or pyridoxine, and vitamin B12 or cobalamin, which are mostly synthetic.
Niacin can be manufactured by a mix of microbial and chemical processes.
Vitamin B6 or pyridoxine is prepared microbially or chemically from non-animal sources.
Vitamin B12 is exclusively made with microbial fermentation, so synthetic B12 in fortified foods and beverages is always vegan.
That was the fact file for the vegan status of Red Bull.
Thanks for reading.
You may also want to check out the following related articles:
 1. Giving Wings to People and Ideas.
 2. (12 Cans) Red Bull Energy Drink, 8.4 Fl Oz.
 3. Understanding Food: Principles and Preparation (Page 554). Amy Brown – Wadsworth Cengage Learning – 2011. ISBN-10: 0-538-73498-1
 4. Hollingsworth P. Redefining New Age. Food Technology 51(8):44–51, 1997.
 5. Taurine, Compound Summary. Pubchem. US National Library of Medicine.
 6. What Is Taurine? Benefits, Side Effects and More Rudy Mawer –
 7. Kosswig, K. (2000). "Sulfonic Acids, Aliphatic". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
 8. Is Sugar Vegan?
 9. Jose L. Revuelta, Ruben M. Buey, Rodrigo Ledesma‐Amaro, and Erick J. Microbial biotechnology for the synthesis of (pro)vitamins, bio pigments and antioxidants: challenges and opportunities. MicrobBiotechnol. 2016 Sep; 9(5): 564–567.
 10. Y. Tani. Microbial Production of Vitamin B6 and Derivatives. Biotechnology of Vitamins, Pigments and Growth Factors pp 221-230.
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Definitions for crispiness
The noun crispiness has 1 senses? (no senses from tagged texts)
1. brittleness, crispness, crispiness
(firm but easily broken)
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This video of just 6 minutes and 45 seconds can greatly help you answer questions in your GCSE exam.
There was a question in the 2014 exam asking why bigger earthquakes don't necessary kill more people. Well this video answers this very well. Professor Iain Stewart explains how different earthquake waves spread from the focus of the quake and how these 3 different waves cause different amounts of damage.
He then explains the human influence on the number of people killed and the amount of buildings destroyed and the percentage of the infrastructure that is destroyed. If you want a high grade at GCSE watch this video and write down all the facts that influence the impact of an earthquake on people. (think of building quality, where the main roads are located, what type of ground the buildings are on and other factors as well)
And as the professor says "Its not earthquakes that kill people its buildings
And if you want to revise convection currents and plate boundaries here is about 74 seconds of video from the same man to assist you 🙂

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Free Project Booklet: Group Afghan
This PDF was originally intended for UK schools but the methods are equally useful to any knitters wanting to work together on a project. It was originally produced in booklet form and has been used in many countries around the world. It was written with children in mind and has proved to be equally acceptable to adults.
The main aim of the booklet was to use mathematics in a 'nonthreatening' way so, in addition to the knitting information, it also includes ideas for use in mathematics lessons.
See some of the afghans made in schools, and read about teachers' experiences. and the work of the Cheshire Women's Institute, based on the same booklet.
The photos show three very different afghans created from the same instructions, one from Cheshire WI, the others from schools.
The pattern is free but we would like you to consider making a donation to Kidney Research UK, where we have set up a page in memory of my parents. For more information, see the Tribute Page on the Woolly Thoughts web site.


The Charmed Wiki
Power Absorption
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Power Absorption
Power Information
To absorbs magical powers leaving the original owner without any of their powers.
 - Point hand at target
 - Through touch (may involve killing the victim or when using artifacts)
Defensive Power
Image Gallery
Power Absorption is the ability to absorb magical powers, leaving the original owner without their powers. It is often accomplished by killing the power's original host and then taking the power, but has been done without killing the original host.
Methods of Power AbsorptionEdit
Warlocks absorb the powers of other magical beings by killing the host and naturally obtaining their magic. Their most common targets are witches, though they go after demons and whitelighters as well.
The Slime Demon used this power to feed on the magic of other beings for survival, as did the Spider demon along with her Life Draining power. However, they used different methods: for example; The Slime Demon would engulf the foe with its slimy figure and digests them, while The Spider Demon would wrap her victims in a cocoon of webs and drain their powers through her hands
The Dogan had the power to absorb the Essence of other magical beings, good or evil by killing them, absorbing their powers and the beings themselves through his hands in the process. The method used by Zankou was the same.
The Titans had the power to absorb the abilities of other magical beings by pointing both hands at them.
Cole Turner was also able to absorb powers through touch while he was in the Demonic Wasteland. Though it's unknown if he can do that outside of Wasteland.
Parasite Demons were a duo of demons cursed by a witch, reducing them to a powerless state, forcing them the absorb other beings' life force and powers to live.
Sirk had the power to absorb the abilities of other magical beings, by killing them. He gained Paige Matthews ability to access magic school when he killed her. He also gains random powers for each kill, whether his victim is magical or not.
All warlocks have the innate ability to absorb the power of the beings they kill by stabbing them with an athame. However, Matthew Tate had the ability to copy the powers used on him without killing the victim.
Certain Athames are able to naturally absorb a being's powers into the blade and then into the wielder. It is commonly used by Warlocks to kill witches and steal/store their powers.
The Hollow can absorb all powers that it comes in physical contact with. Once the Hollow is contained, the powers are returned.
The Crystal Sword was a formidable magical weapon formerly owned by Gabriel Statler which could absorb the powers and skills of other magical beings.
Drake dè Mon, a former Mercury demon, once made a Deal with a Sorcerer to be made human, with a soul, but if Drake used his powers in an offensive manner, they would be forfeit to the Sorcerer.
Spells and RitualsEdit
A witch can use a spell to extract the power of Empathy from someone: To Relinquish an Empath's Power. However, the power will find a new host, the spell caster, if physical contact is established during the spell. However, the power of empathy will drive the witch insane if they were never meant to have it, and will die within 24 hours unless the power is withdrawn.
A witch can also use a spell to steal another witch's magic: To Separate a Witch from Her Powers. While witches can use this spell to take someone's magic into themselves, they can also redirect it to someone they intend to give the power to. Gail Altman, Amanda and Helen used this spell to deliver the Charmed Ones' powers to the demon Cryto. The spell is used once again by the Stillman sisters to steal the Charmed Ones' powers for themselves.
In the spell to separate a witch's power, there is also a potion required for the spell to work properly. Zankou used this potion to steal the Charmed Ones' powers. However, the potion is useless if the witch it targets is in astral mode.
Offensive UsageEdit
Power absorption is mostly used to weaken one's opponents, draining them and leaving them powerless to fight while adding the absorbed powers and magic to one's own arsenal. In the case of the Hollow or the Parasite Demons, they absorb the magic of the powers or potions used on them, granting them a form of immunity towards attacks, but they vary in the fact that The Hollow can automatically absorb the powers used on it or its host(s) but the Parasite Demons have to do it consciously, leaving them vulnerable to attack when caught off-guard.
List of UsersEdit
Original power
Through artifacts, potions, etc.
 1. Through the use of an Athame.
 2. Through the Crystal Sword.
 3. While in the the Demonic Wasteland.
See AlsoEdit
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gpls_field_validation_message
 1. Description
 2. Usage
 3. Parameters
 4. Since
 5. Examples
 1. Change Validation Message for a specific field
Description
Filter the message that shows if a field fails validation due to a GP Limit Submission rule. Note, this does not impact form-wide validation.
Usage
Filter validation message for all fields that fail GP Limit Submission rules.
add_filter( 'gpls_field_validation_message', 'my_custom_function' );
Filter validation message for all fields that fail GP Limit Submission rules in a given form.
add_filter( 'gpls_field_validation_message_FORMID', 'my_custom_function' );
Filter validation message for a specific field in a specific form when it fails a GP Limit Submission rule.
add_filter( 'gpls_field_validation_message_FORMID_FIELDID', 'my_custom_function' );
Parameters
 - message boolean
 Validation message to be shown by the field when it fails a GP Limit Submission rule.
 - gpls_enforce_instance GPLS_Enforce
 The GPLS_Enforce instance.
Since
This filter is available since GP Limit Submissions 1.0-beta-1.21.
Examples
Change Validation Message for a specific field
The following example changes the GP Limit Submission validation message on field ID 4 in form ID 123.
<?php
/**
 * Gravity Perks // Limit Submission // Change Validation Message for a Specific Field
 * _URL_
 */
// Update "123" to your form ID and "4" to your field ID.
add_filter( 'gpls_field_validation_message_123_4', function( $message ) {
 return 'Example validation message.';
} );


May 25, 2017
Galápagos Island Coffee: Why Altitude Isn't Everything
Welcome to the Galápagos Islands. 13 major islands, 6 smaller islands, and numerous islets that are full of unique biodiversity, some of which you canút find anywhere else in the world. It's such a unique island and it should defintely be on your bucket list. Flight details are very easy to find so it should be easy to plan your trip!
And while coffee may not be a plant exclusive to the Galápogos Islands, something about it here is unusual. It's widely accepted that coffee grown at higher altitudes is better quality â€" especially when it's close to the equator, like this archipelago is. Yet specialty-grade coffee is grown at surprisingly low altitudes here, from 200 to 300 m.a.s.l.
So I spoke to Wilson Gonzalez of Productora de Café Galápagos to find out more about coffee in the Galápagos Islands â€" and why altitude isn't always an indicator of quality.
Lee este artÃculo en EspaÃ±ol: Café de la Isla Galápagos: Por Qué la Altitud No lo es Todo
Coffee trees growing under shade on the Galápagos Islands. Credit: Expigo
What Does Altitude Have to Do With Coffee Quality?
Although coffee grows in hot climates, coffee grown at cooler temperatures will often be better quality. This is because the beans will ripen more slowly, developing more sugars and complexity as they do so.
Generally speaking, the higher the altitude, the cooler the temperature. However, this will vary depending on the country's latitude. The farther it is from the equator, the cooler the temperature usually becomes.
For this reason, a coffee grown at a lower altitude in Hawaii could have more sweetness than a higher altitude Venezuelan (or it could not â€" there are many factors that affect sweetness, including plant species/variety, production and processing methods, and roasting/brewing).
High-altitude coffee is also known as hard beans, or dense coffee, and it will affect how the beans need to be roasted. While roasters, baristas, and consumers all see high altitude as a sign of good coffee, it can result in decreased yields for producers.
SEE ASLO: Why Does Altitude Matter? Part II â€" A VIDEO Guide
So, given that the Galapágos Islands sit on the equator, why do they break the rules?
Galapagos Islands. Credit: with modifications by Michiel1972 via Wikimedia Commons, Public Domain
Coffee Production on The Galápagos Islands
First of all, a quick overview of coffee production on these islands: Wilson tells me that, around 135 years ago, the first coffee seeds were brought here from French colonies in the Caribbean (stopping in Panama along the way). These were Bourbon seeds, and Bourbon remains the main variety grown on these islands today.
Other varieties were introduced 40â€"50 years ago by emigrants from the Loja Province of Ecuador: Caturra, Typica, CatuaÃ, Sachimorâ€¦ You'll mostly find these these on Santa Cruz Island.
Wilson Gonzalez checks coffee trees. Credit: Expigo
Harvesting & Processing
The main producing islands are San CristÃ³bal and Santa Cruz; more than 90% of the archipelago's population lives on these islands. As of such, they account for 80% of the archipelago's coffee.
William tells me that most of the coffee is also hand-picked, and the vast majority is washed processed, with dry processing accounting for the rest.
What's more, the Galápagos Islands are one of those few regions with two coffee harvests a year: February to March and November to December. This is thanks to the Humboldt current.
Expigo's coffee mill on the Galápagos Islands. Credit: Expigo
Sea Currents & Altitude
The Galápagos Islands sit on the equator, meaning there's intense sunshine from 6am to 6pm, with little variation throughout the year. Add to that low altitude, and you'd expect poor-quality coffee.
Yet although the islands receive intense sun, they don't receive intense heat. In fact, William describes the climate as similar to what you'd expect at 1,200â€"1,300 m.a.s.l. Even in the hottest months, the temperature rarely reaches above 30/31Â°C. And in July to September, the dry season, it can drop below 20Â°C.
William explains that this because of the Humboldt Current. A low-salinity ocean current, it flows north along the west coast of South America from the Southern Cone up to northern Peru and out to the Galapágos Islands. It brings with it cool marine breezes that bring down land temperature.
This is part of the reason why low-altitude coffee from the Galápagos Islands can taste and roast like high-altitude coffee from other parts of the Americas.
Coffee trees growing on the Galápagos Islands. Credit: Expigo
What Does Coffee From The Galápagos Islands Taste Like?
William tells me that coffee from the Galápagos Islands is typically sweet, with a caramel flavor, medium body, high aroma, and nice acidity.
Part of the reason for this delicious profile is the unique microclimate, with the cool sea breezes and ocean current. It can also be attributed to the varieties; for example, Bourbon tends to be sweet. Then there's the careful processing and production methods.
Soil quality is another key aspect: the Galápagos Islands were created from the frequent eruption of volcanoes over time. The layering of these â€" at the time, underwater â€" volcanoes built up until they emerged from the ocean. Volcanic soil is rich in nutrients, such as nitrogen, which is particularly important for growing and harvesting coffee.
If you were to look at the low altitude of the Galápagos Islands, and their position on the equator, it would be easy to write them off as a bad region for coffee production. Yet many factors influence coffee quality: altitude, yes, but also ocean/air currents, geographic location, local microclimates, soil, processing, and more.
Whether it's from Brazil or Ecuador, it's important to always look at range of information available about a coffee. Or, even better, judge for yourself based on how it tastes in the cup.
Perfect Daily Grind


text:
Bauz is a Grass and Flying-type Pokémon that was introduced in Generation XNUMX.
Bauz is a rotund, owlet-like Pokémon. Its plumage is mainly light brown with a white undergarment, its tail feathers, the feathers at the base of its wings and two feathers under its face resembling a bow are colored dark green.
Bauz lives near trees or forests. It clings to their trunks and branches with its powerful claws and pounces silently on its prey from their crowns. It is a nocturnal Pokémon and only becomes really active at dusk; During the day it rests and uses photosynthesis to collect energy for the upcoming night.
As a plush figure, the cute Pokémon will surely let you sleep at night.
- Material: plush, PP cotton
- Size: 17 cm
- Age recommendation: from 4 years

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Boothbay Harbor Memorial Library facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Boothbay Harbor Memorial Library
The library in 2003
|Location||State Route 27, Boothbay Harbor, Maine|
|Architectural style||Greek Revival temple|
|NRHP reference No.||77000077|
|Added to NRHP||April 18, 1977|
Boothbay Harbor Memorial Library is the public library of Boothbay Harbor, Lincoln County, Maine. It is located at 4 Oak Street, in an architecturally significant Greek Revival building constructed as a private residence in 1842. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. The building also serves as a war memorial to the town's soldiers of the First World War.
Architecture and history
The library building is a multi-section wood frame building, with gabled roof lines and clapboard siding. Its most prominent feature is a tetrastyle Greek Revival temple front, with four fluted Doric columns supporting a broad entablature and a fully pedimented triangular pediment, with a louvered fan at its center. The building corners at the back of this front feature paneled pilasters, and the center entrance is framed by sidelight windows and pilasters, and topped by an entablature. Ells extend the building to the right side.
The library building was built as a private home in 1842. For whom it was built is unclear: the library claims that it was built for William Maxwell Reed, while the preparers of its National Register nomination claim it was built for Cyrus McKown, a prominent local businessman, and sold to Chapman Reed in 1873.
The town's first free library was established in 1906, and occupied rented quarters until the town approved funding to acquire the Reed house, which it purchased in 1923. The building was remodelled for use as a library by the Boston architect Stanley Parker, and was enlarged in 1966 to a design by Parker's son, Stanley Jr.
Boothbay Harbor Memorial Library Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.


What we do
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What Kenyan ghost-writers can teach us about prejudice in the digital gig economy
Written by Susan Njambi-Szlapka
Hero image description: Young men working on laptops. Image credit:Matt Biddulph Image license:CC BY-SA 2.0
Would you trust a Kenyan to write your Bachelor's or Master's thesis? Recent research finds that Kenyan nationals are not trusted by American students to do so, forcing academic ghost-writers to hide their identity to win work.
Besides obvious ethical issues, this raises wider questions about the online gig economy including exploitation, trust and discrimination, including how we talk about equality in digital labour.
Coronavirus has also fuelled a sharp decline in demand for and an increase in supply of online workers. Online "place-based" platforms that require physical on-site delivery such as Deliveroo or GetBoda are seeing an increase in demand. But online gig workers on platforms like UpWork are facing more competition for fewer jobs as clients curb non-essential spending and more people seek digital sources of income. These same platforms are even asking online workers to pay in order to bid for work.
Under these circumstances it is crucial to understand how online gig workers in developing countries, who often have no access to any form of social protection, compete in the online gig economy to earn their livelihoods while identifying ways to combat the discrimination many experience.
One account, many identities: the online gig economy labour market
There are 6 million people in developing countries participating in online labour according to the Online Labour Index, while 60 to 70% of all online gig workers in Kenya are ghost-writers. However, this wrongly assumes accounts on gig economy platforms like UpWork have just one user per account.
Instead, accounts with good reviews are often shared between ghost-writers and traded on the black market, making ghost-writers key contributors to this underreporting. Owners of such accounts employ others to do the actual work, while using VPN's (Virtual Private Networks) to hide user's locations, making many ghost-writers in Kenya and elsewhere invisible.
Therefore, the real number of online workers is estimated to be up to 8 times higher. So why is this behaviour so widespread?
The false promise of digital globalisation
In the flat-world narrative of globalisation, online work is based on merit and value for money, as technology levels the playing field between workers in the Global North and South by removing the impediment of geography. This apparently allows workers in the Global South, as long as they have internet access and possess the right skills, to outcompete their northern counterparts by underbidding for online work generated in a small number of rich countries in the Global North.
However, recent studies find that prejudice around geography and identity are still key drivers in who wins work and under what conditions. Young ghost-writers in Nairobi even report that advertised jobs sometimes go as far as saying that people from certain countries should not even "bother bidding".
Reputation is everything, but it is more costly for Global South workers
Cognitive shortcuts have been well-established in hiring practices on the platform Nubelo. Clients assume workers from lower income countries will provide less valuable work and therefore pay them disproportionately little or don't hire them at all. In the absence of organisational affiliation, workers from developing countries are perceived as representatives of a nationality, rather than individuals with different experiences, credentials and personalities.
The exception is where a worker has a good reputation.
The reputation of an online worker, captured through ratings by previous clients, is key for their competitiveness and is much more costly for those in lower-income countries when it impacts their likelihood of employment.
However, if a client has a good experience with someone from a developing country, they are more likely to hire other workers from that same country. Therefore, while in the short-term hiding identity and location helps, it could inhibit worker's future long-term ability to find work.
Four ways we can mitigate online discrimination
 1. Online platforms can learn from analogue labour market measures to enable merit-based hiring practices (including for instance anonymised CVs).
 2. More rigorous research could help us understand what is exacerbating discriminatory hiring practices including language barriers, sense of shared values and expectations around education systems.
 3. Increasing fairness through algorithms could include prioritising displaying information relevant to a person's qualifications or credentials, rather than their location (this could even go further and place people from certain regions at the top of search results). Nubelo has already used this to help newcomers compete against established online workers.
 4. Finally, increasing awareness among clients hiring online workers could also help address these biases.
How we navigate the world of online work
There is still a global division of labour determining what type of jobs online workers in the Global South are entrusted with and those they are presumed unqualified for. This division, based on prejudice, will likely reinforce old power structures where repetitive or less complex tasks are left to the Global South, while complex and better paying tasks remain in the Global North. However, as the former become automated, this could leave workers in low-income countries vulnerable.
If demand for online workers is diminishing in the wake of Covid-19, the situation in developing countries will only worsen. Governments, donors and online platforms in the north and south will need to devise ways to overcome these issues of discrimination, while also supporting online gig workers both now and post-Covid.


text: |A preliminary study is conducted by means of satellite image analysis, field survey and numerical computation to understand bank erosion of Sittaung River estuary in Myanmar. Sittaung River estuary exhibits a trumpet shape and therefore, strong tidal currents following a bore front take place in the periods of a full moon as well as a new moon. Bank erosion is caused severely owing to such strong currents directed towards the inland, and the bank line retreats at amount of 10 km in most active area these ten years. Present paper discusses a relationship between bed and bank material collected in the river reach and the estuary, potential mechanism of bank erosion and numerical results on tidal currents. Results obtained from discussions suggest that bed sediment, which is composed of clay and silt particles, is supplied owing to bank erosions of the estuary and river reach as well as from far upstream as wash-load, and suggest that tidal currents are reproduced fairly well numerically based on a depth integrated two dimensional flow model.


text:
View your list of saved words. (You can log in using Facebook.)
Family that rose to international prominence in the 19th–20th centuries. The first Battenbergs were a family of German counts that died out c. 1314; the title was revived in 1851. In 1917 the family members who lived in England renounced the German title of prince of Battenberg and adopted Mountbatten as a surname (mount being a translation of Berg). Prominent members of the family included Philip, duke of Edinburgh, and Louis Mountbatten.
Variants of BATTENBERG FAMILY
Battenberg family or Mountbatten family
This entry comes from Encyclopædia Britannica Concise. For the full entry on Battenberg family, visit Britannica.com.
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What made you look up Battenberg family? Please tell us what you were reading, watching or discussing that led you here.


000
The Measurement text color
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iOS Dark theme
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The Measurement accent color
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Indication on what the color variables affect
Windows theme
Variable name Default value Description
$mbsc-windows-frame-background
#1a1a1a
The Measurement background color
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The Measurement text color
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Variable name Default value Description
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Variable name Default value Description
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#4eccc4
The Measurement accent color
$mbsc-mobiscroll-frame-overlay
rgba(0, 0, 0, .7)
Sets the color of the overlay, when the Measurement is shown as a modal
Mobiscroll Dark theme
Variable name Default value Description
$mbsc-mobiscroll-dark-frame-background
#263238
The Measurement background color
$mbsc-mobiscroll-dark-frame-text
#f7f7f7
The Measurement text color
$mbsc-mobiscroll-dark-frame-accent
#4fccc4
The Measurement accent color
$mbsc-mobiscroll-dark-frame-overlay
rgba(0, 0, 0, .7)
Sets the color of the overlay, when the Measurement is shown as a modal
Indication on what the color variables affect


text:
Get Involved in the District Finance Conversation
Since you are a member of our Glen Crest parent community, we thought it would be helpful to share some highlights of the very important finance conversation that is currently occurring at the district level.
IN THIS POST
1. A Look Back
2. Current Status
3. Looking Ahead
4. What You Can Do
All details below have been provided by the CCSD89 Finance Committee. View their presentation in detail here.
1. A LOOK BACK
For the past 10 years, the district has cut nearly $3 million from the budget through the following:
- Staff reductions and cuts (eliminating support positions, combining administrative roles, etc.)
- Identifying operating efficiencies and pursuing cooperative purchasing (custodial, transportation, energy management, etc.)
- Eliminating administrative transfers
To this point, the cuts have avoided student programs.
2. CURRENT STATUS
After these cuts, the district is operating a deficit budget due to the following:
- Rising enrollment
- Increased external costs
- Investments in programs proven to improve student achievement (e.g., increased access to technology, full-day Kindergarten, longer school days.)
3. LOOKING AHEAD
The district is in a position where decisions must be made about how to operate moving forward, and created a Finance Committee (comprised of parents, staff, and community members) to evaluate how to maintain core values while being fiscally responsible.
At a recent Board of Education meeting, representatives from the Finance Committee presented information on the deficit budget and potential solutions. They recommended also that the Board start a larger conversation to engage all residents in exploring two possible options:
Option 1: INCREASE REVENUE
through a referendum to maintain high-quality schools and preserve property values.
Option 2: IDENTIFY PROGRAMMING CUTS,
which could result in reduced services and ultimately impact property values.
4. WHAT YOU CAN DO
- Participate in the upcoming Community Engagement conversations (information and details coming soon) and encourage your neighbors, friends, and others who have a vested interest in our community to attend
- Educate yourself by reading up on district news when it comes to you via mail and email (Start with the Annual Report, Finance Committee Presentation to the Board of Education, and Finance Committee Documents)
Questions or eager to get involved? Email us at _EMAIL_.


text: 3rd conditionals making excuses.Duration: 10 - 15 minutes.Preparation: Print out this sheet. Aims: Fluency with the target expressions. Repeat the exercise for as many weeks as is necessary to achieve fluency. Procedure: Tell the students that they are going to have to make up excuses using the past conditional. Give them an example and show them how to make the excuse. Teacher: Why didn't you do any homework? Student: I would have done my homework if I had had more time. The students have to come up with an excuse which explains why they did or didn't do a particular thing. Use the examples below or make up your own.


text:
Portuguese Pronunciation Tool - Phonetic Transcription Translator (Beta Version)
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Phonetic transcription can help you improve your Portuguese pronunciation
Portuguese pronunciation may present some difficulties to people starting to learn Portuguese. The pronunciation rules in the Portuguese language are pretty complicated. There are a lot of Portuguese letters that can be pronounced in different ways.
This online translator allows you to convert Portuguese text to phonetic transcription using International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) symbols.
This tool will serve as a Portuguese pronunciation guide. It will help you save time during your first steps in Portuguese, while you are still learning the pronunciation rules. If you use the phonetic transcription regularly in combination with Portuguese audio and video recordings, your pronunciation and listening skills in the Portuguese language will improve.
This phonetic translator supports both European and Brazilian Portuguese.
Highlighting of high-frequency Portuguese words
If you click Advanced options, you will see a special option that allows you to highlight high-frequency Portuguese words. The words from different frequency intervals will be highlighted in the following colors:
If you want to make the frequency analysis of your text and obtain the detailed statistics, please use Portuguese word frequency counter.
Check our Portuguese phonetic subtitle converter and obtain something like this:


text:
While many companies use shoe covers to prevent contamination, many Shoe Inn customers also use sticky mats to maximize contamination prevention. The utilization of multi-layer adhesive mats for cleanrooms is almost universal. However, how the mats are used is unique to each cleanroom. Mats can vary in size, color, number, and placement based on the logistics and characteristics of each individual cleanroom.
Mats should be placed in an area where they will be on clean, hard flooring. They should be placed just before or just after the ingress/egress point for each cleanliness or control change. It is suggested that the placement sites are worked backward from the final clean area or cleanroom.
- cleanroom – gowning area
- cleanroom – staging area
- gowning area – control area
- control area – common hallway
- common hallway – warehouse or receiving
- common hallway – public area
Matting should be placed so that all those passing through that point must step on the mats. Matting should be placed with the longer dimension of the mat in the same direction as the traffic flow for maximum footfalls on each mat. The minimum number of footfalls should be two with each foot for each location.
The proper size mat for each area of placement depends on the width of the opening and the variance and direction of the traffic. Normally the width of the mat should be 2/3rds to 3/4ths of the width of the doorway. It does not normally need to cover the full width because ordinary traffic passes through the middle of the doorway and not along the edge. However, if the traffic enters at a sharp angle or from the side of the entryway, then the width of the mat needs to be wider than the doorway to allow for enough footfalls.
As stated above, the length of the mat should be long enough to provide at least two footfalls with each foot at each location. Usually this is a minimum of 45 inches.
The color of the mats, which has no effect on the function of the mat, can vary from standard blue, white, and grey to custom colors and printed messages. In general, white shows the most dirt and particulates, and is normally preferred to make sure the layers are changed at frequent enough intervals. However, grey and blue work just as well when a maintenance schedule is set.
How often the layers should be removed depends on a number of factors:
- How dirty the area the personnel are coming from is.
- The number of people or pairs of feet per shift or per hour.
- The difference in cleanliness between the areas.
- The size of the mats and how many mats or locations are in the series.
In general, areas farther away from the cleanroom will be dirtier. Changing the layers at this point of use every half hour would be a benchmark with which to start. The final entry area into the cleanroom is probably from a clean area to a very clean area and each layer may last 4 to 8 hours.
However, this is just a rough guideline and each point of use will vary greatly. A few days of use and observation will help to determine the optimal mat layer change interval.
- Before placing a new mat down or replacing an existing mat, thoroughly clean the surface to remove contamination that may act as a barrier and keep the mat from properly adhering to the floor. Make sure to remove any adhesive residue if you are replacing an existing mat. It is recommended to use a pre-saturated wiper that contains a percentage of isopropyl alcohol. Make sure the surface is completely dry before application.
- To apply the mat, remove half of the release liner in the long direction of the mat, which will help with the alignment of the mat.
- Once you have the mat properly aligned in the location you want, start smoothing out the half of the mat with the adhesive exposed. Start at one end and work toward the middle making sure you do not trap air under the mat as you go, then remove the rest of the release liner and smooth the rest of the mat out in the same direction in which you removed the release liner.
Matting should be stored flat and for several hours in similar climate conditions as the point of use. For ideal results, the mats should be used in a controlled environment setting but may be placed in any area that has a temperature of 54-95 oF (12-35 oC).
Long-term storage of mats should always be on a flat and hard surface. Storage on the original shipping pallet is recommended. Normal warehouse conditions are usually acceptable but extreme temperatures (less than 32 or greater than 105 oF / 0 or 40 oC) should be avoided.
Storage of mats longer than one year from the date of purchase is not recommended. However, under normal storage conditions, matting should not have any variation in performance for a period of up to three years.
The utilization of multi-layer sticky mats for cleanrooms is almost universal. In fact, many customers who use the Shoe Inn automatic shoe cover dispensing system also use these adhesive mats to further help prevent contamination within controlled environments. Depending on various factors such as how dirty the area the personnel are coming from is and the level of cleanliness desired or mandated, this combined approach may be advisable or even required.


Mau movement
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Women of the Mau movement circa 1930
Main article: History of Samoa
The Mau was a non-violent movement for Samoan independence from colonial rule during the early 1900s. Mau means 'opinion,' 'unwavering,' 'to be decided,' or 'testimony' denoting 'firm strength' in Samoan. The motto for the Mau were the words Samoa mo Samoa (Samoa for the Samoans). Similarly in Hawaii'an Mau means to strive or persevere, and is often linked with Hawaii'an poetry relating to independence and sovereignty struggles.
The movement had its beginnings on the island of Savai'i with the Mau a Pule resistance in the early 1900s with widespread support throughout the country by the late 1920s.[1] As the movement grew, leadership came under the country's chiefly elite, the customary matai leaders entrenched in Samoan tradition and fa'a Samoa.[2] The Mau included women who supported the national organisation through leadership and organisation as well as taking part in marches. Supporters wore a Mau uniform of a navy blue lavalava with a white stripe which was later banned by the colonial administration.[3]
The Mau movement's efforts would ultimately culminate in the political independence of Samoa in 1962 but the height of the movement's activity in the Western Islands occurred in the late 1920s and early 1930s.
Raising the flag of German Samoa at Mulinu'u, 1900. (photo by AJ Tattersall).
Broadly, the history of the Mau movement can be seen as beginning in the 1800s with European contact and the advent of Western powers, Britain, United States and Germany, vying for control of the Pacific nation. The country became German Samoa (1900–1914) followed by New Zealand colonial rule during which the Mau gathered national support.
The dispute led to the eventual formation of a resistance movement called Mau a Pule on Savai'i by Lauaki Namulauulu Mamoe, one of the Samoan leaders from Safotulafai who was deposed by the German Governor of Samoa, Wilhelm Solf. As well as deposing members of the Malo o Samoa, Solf called in two German warships as a show of strength. Faced with this demonstration of military force, and with the movement divided, Lauaki surrendered. In 1909, Lauaki and the other senior leaders of the Mau a Pule were exiled to the German colonies in the Marianas (North West Pacific) where they were to stay until 1914, when New Zealand took over Samoa as part of its Empire duties at the outbreak of World War One. Many of those exiled died before returning to Samoa. Lauaki died en route back to Samoa in 1915.
Influenza epidemic[edit]
SS Talune in Port Chalmers graving dock in New Zealand c. 1890s
This catastrophic event was to lay a new foundation for discontent with an administration already perceived as incompetent and dishonest by many Samoans. The clumsy handling of Samoa's governance, the slow and deliberate erosion of traditional Samoan social structures by successive administrators, and a general failure to understand and respect Samoan culture also sowed the seeds for a revitalised resistance to colonial rule. Logan was replaced by Colonel Robert Tate.
Mau leadership[edit]
Mau prisoners being transported in the capital Apia
The groundswell of support among Samoans for the Mau came from the leadership of Samoan matai, the heads of families in Samoa's traditional socio-political structure. Family and chiefly title connections, a central part of Samoan culture, were used to harness support. The success of the Mau in gathering national support showed that fa'a Samoa was still strong [2] despite colonialism.
Olaf Frederick Nelson, one of the leaders of the new Mau movement, was a successful merchant of mixed Swedish and Samoan heritage. Nelson was the richest man in Samoa at the time and well-travelled. He was frustrated by the colonial administration's exclusion of native and part-Samoans from governance. Notably, he was one of many who had lost a child to the influenza epidemic of 1919 in addition to his mother, sister, only brother, and sister in-law. Although classified as a European, he considered himself Samoan "by birth blood and sentiment."
New Zealand sailors removing the white strip from lava-lava, the Mau uniform, circa 1930
In reality, however, the Mau was built upon the traditional forms of Samoan political organisation. In each village that joined the movement, a committee was formed, consisting of the chiefs and "talking men". These committees formed the basic element of an alternative system of governance, and the tendency of Samoans to unite under traditional leadership meant that by the midto late 1920s, around 85% of the Samoan population was involved in open resistance.
Following another visit to New Zealand to petition the Government, Nelson was exiled from Samoa along with two other part-European Mau leaders. The petition, which lead to the formation of a joint select committee to investigate the situation in Samoa, quoted an ancient Samoan proverb: "We are moved by love, but never driven by intimidation."
Civil disobedience[edit]
As the select committee was forced to admit, "a very substantial proportion of Samoans had joined the Mau, a number quite sufficient, if they determined to resist and thwart the activities of the Administration, to paralyse the functions of government."
With his attempt at repression turning to ridicule, Richard offered pardons to all those arrested; however, arrestees demanded to be dealt with by the court, and then refused to enter pleas to demonstrate their rejection of the court's jurisdiction.
Black Saturday, 28 December 1929[edit]
Mau demonstration in Apia, 1929
New Zealand police in Samoa during the Mau movement
As he lay dying, Tamesese III made this statement to his followers;
Grave of Tupua Tamasese Lealofi III in Lepea village with inscription of his last words in the Samoan language.
Following the massacre, male Mau members fled to the mountains, the traditional retreat of those defeated in war. The resistance continued by other means, with the emergence of a women's Mau to continue the councils, parades and symbolic protests that the men now could not. For the women's movement, even the game of cricket represented an act of defiance inviting official harassment.
Tupua Tamasese Lealofi III lying in state at Vaimoso village, 1930.
Moving towards independence[edit]
High chief Mata'afa Faumuina Fiame Mulinu'u I, a leader of the Mau who became President of the Mau following Tamasese's death, circa 1930.
The leaders of the women's Mau; Mrs Tuimaliifano, Mrs Tamasese, Mrs Nelson, Mrs Faumuina, ca 1930, (photo by Alfred John Tattersall).
1962 independence[edit]
Fiame Mata'afa Faumuina Mulinu'u II (1921–1975), the son of another high chief and Mau leader Mata'afa Faumuina Fiame Mulinu'u I, became the first Prime Minister of Samoa.
In July 1997, the Samoa Constitution was amended to change the country's name to Samoa, and officially the Independent State of Samoa.[6]
New Zealand apology to Samoa[edit]
In 2002, Helen Clark, Prime Minister of New Zealand made an unprecedented move and apologised to Samoa for New Zealand's treatment of Samoans during the colonial era.[7] Clark made the apology in the capital Apia during the 40th anniversary of Samoa's independence. The apology covered the influenza epidemic of 1918, the shooting of unarmed Mau protesters by New Zealand police in 1929 and the banishing of matai (chiefs) from their homes.[8]
An American Samoa Mau[edit]
The Mau had manifestations in both the Western and Eastern Samoan island groups. The Mau movement emerged as an articulated of an indigenous response to the U.S. annexation of the eastern Samoan islands in 1899. It featured the signing of petitions in efforts to enact political transformation vis-a-vis American colonial government, and included effort to resist taxation of copra.
There was an American Samoa Mau that took place in Tutuila in American Samoa in the 1920s. It emerged as a result of fluctuating prices of copra and represented an open affront to the American Navy and its patterns of treatment of the indigenous Samoan people and failure to respect Samoan customs, conceptions of self-government and the Samoan way of life. This movement received a lot of press in the United States, both favourable and unfavourable. The leader of the movement, Samuel Ripley of Leone, Tutuila, was in effect exiled from American Samoa, when he was barred by the US Navy authorities from disembarking from a ship returning to Pagopago from California, and he was never allowed to return to his homeland. He eventually became the mayor of Richmond, California. The United States sent a committee to American Samoa in 1930, including US citizens from Hawaii who had a prominent role in the overthrow of the Hawaiian kingdom and Queen Lili'uokalani. Their report, favourable to the


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NSU Job Opportunities
Work Type
Admissions Specialist I - 997198
Apply Now Job Number: 499780
Work Type: Full Time with Full Benefits
Location: Fort Lauderdale-Davie, Florida
Department: Undergraduate Admissions
Categories: Administrative / Office Support
About Us:
We are excited that you are considering joining Nova Southeastern University!
Job Title: Admissions Specialist I - 997198
Location: Fort Lauderdale-Davie, Florida
Work Type: Full Time with Full Benefits
Job Category: Non-Exempt
Hiring Range:
Pay Basis: Hourly
Subject to Grant Funding?: No
Essential Job Functions: 1. Provides assistance in completing application and enrollment documents.
2. Reviews student applications by analyzing credentials, computing GPAs, reviewing support documents such as transcripts, and preparing application packages for admissions decisions.
3. Collaborates with admissions colleagues, academic advisers, financial aid officers, and residential life personnel to create an effective yield team and ensure a smooth transition from inquiry to enrolled student status.
4. Participates in promotional activities, including educational fairs, career days, open houses, or special events to present programs to prospective students.
5. Inputs status of significant admission decisions into database.
6. Maintains student data integrity and confidentiality.
7. Sorts or classifies information according to guidelines, such as content, purpose, user criteria, or chronological, alphabetical, or numerical order.
8. Compiles, sorts and verifies the accuracy of data before it is entered.
9. Compares data with source documents, or re-enters data in verification format to detect errors.
10. Stores completed documents in appropriate locations.
12. Locates and corrects data entry errors, or reports them to supervisors.
13. Answers questions about records or files.
14. Keeps records of materials filed or removed, using logbooks or computers and generate computerized reports.
15. Answers telephones, directs calls, and takes messages.
16. Greets persons entering establishment, determines nature and purpose of visit, and directs or escorts them to specific destinations.
17. Provides information about establishment, such as location of departments or offices, employees within the organization, or services provided.
18. Collects, sorts, distributes, or prepares mail, messages, or courier deliveries.
19. Orders and dispenses supplies.
21. Uses computers for various applications, such as database management or word processing.
22. Performs administrative support tasks, such as proofreading, transcribing handwritten information, or operating calculators or computers.
23. Completes special projects as assigned.
24. Performs other duties as assigned or required.
Marginal Job Functions:
Required Knowledge, Skills, & Abilities: Knowledge:
1. Basic knowledge of MS Office Suite (Outlook, Word and Excel).
2. Clerical - Working knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.
3. Customer and Personal Service - Working knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of user satisfaction.
4. English Language - Working knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
1. Speaking - Basic skills in talking to others to convey information effectively.
2. Service Orientation - Basic skills in actively looking for ways to help people.
3. Social Perceptiveness - Basic skills in being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
4. Reading Comprehension - Basic understanding of written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
5. Active Listening - Basic skills in giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
6. Critical Thinking - Basic skills in using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
7. Time Management - Basic skills in managing one's own time and the time of others.
8. Writing - Basic skills in communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
Physical Requirements:
4. May be required to work nights or weekends.
6. May be required to accomplish job duties using various types of equipment/supplies, to include but not limited to pens, pencils, mobile devices, and computer keyboards.
Job Requirements:
Required Certifications/Licensures:
Required Education: High School Diploma or Equivalent
Major (if required):
Required Experience: High School Diploma and one (1) year of service-related experience
- OR -
Associate's Degree
Preferred Qualifications:
Is this a safety sensitive position? No
Background Screening Required? No
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Monthly Archives: February 2019
Spirits of Fire and Flood
At 854m in height, Arenig Fawr lays no claim to be amongst the mightiest of peaks in Snowdonia. The late W. A. Poucher ranked the rocky summit of this remote mountain as 24th in an ordinal list of the Welsh Peaks. But a mountain is more than a mere measurement of its ascent above ordnance datum, as obsessive peak-baggers and list tickers may fail to acknowledge. It is a massif of geological history, an eco system of flora and fauna, a facilitator of meteorological phenomenon, a catalyst of story, myth and legend, a home of spirits from an earlier age.
Afon Tryweryn
Afon Tryweryn
I first fell under the spell of this less well known area of the Welsh mountains as a student at Aberystwyth University. As Michaelmas term progressed and the nights began to draw in around the somewhat claustrophobic collegiate town, we looked with increasing anticipation to our weekend forays into the Welsh countryside to find space and light. And so we stumbled across the mountains to the south of Llyn Celyn, since when something has called me back time and time again.
On the autumnal equinox I set off to spend the night at the MBA hut situated rather apprehensively just below the slightly Heath Robinson looking dam at Llyn Arenig Fawr. As the hut is situated less than two miles south of the A4212 Y Bala-Trawsfynydd road I decided to extend the journey by starting at the Llyn Celyn dam, picking my way through the farms and fields around Mynydd Nodol and crossing a rather boggy Nant Aberderfel, where the Ordnance Survey indicated path seems to vanish into purple moor grass, bog myrtle and waist-high heather. After four rather gruelling miles I arrived at the bothy, which was, thankfully, empty. The hut is only just large enough for one person, or perhaps two if they know each other well, and probably dates from 1830 when Llyn Arenig Fawr was first adapted as a reservoir to provide the town of Y Bala with drinking water. The lake gains some shelter from storms as it lies in the lee of the crags of Simdde Ddu, but as an autumnal wind began to get up across the silvery waters, as the light began to fail and the rain began to pitter-pat on the steel chimney cap, I determined the best course of action was to light a fire in the somewhat smoky grate and settle down for the night.
In geological terms Arenig Fawr was born 490 million years ago in a sea of fire and foam in a part of geological time known as the Ordovician. The collision of continental plates gave rise to an arc of fierce volcanic activity. The volcanoes erupted into a shallow sea with explosive force, spuing out pyroclastic flows of white-hot ash and lava, which roared with breathtaking speed into the surrounding waters, making them boil and hiss. These "nuées ardentes" or burning clouds, rapidly cooled in air, in water to form solid rock: ignimbrites, tuffs, breccias, from which the lofty crags of Arenig Fawr were chiselled.
During the last ice age some 14,000 years ago, sheets of ice would have submerged these valleys, with only the mountaintops protruding above, a veritable flood concealing the fertile valleys from hunter gatherers and forcing them south to warmer climes. As the valleys and human imagination began to emerge from beneath the ice, stories were woven by the Celtic people about a race of giants who lived among them. Idris was one such giant, living upon his seat "Cadair Idris" and who would initiate contests between other giants, Yscydion, Offrwm and Ysbryn who also lived amongst these hills and mountains. There is an account in the Welsh Triads of the bursting of Llyn Llion that resulted in the deaths of all living people, with the exception of Dwyfan and Dwyfach, who escaped in a boat without sails, and went on to repopulate the British Isles with their offspring. Arenig Fawr seems a likely place for the grounding of this mythological boat, the Welsh for Ark being Aren or Arene. Similarly, it is believed locally that the ruins of an ancient and legendary city lie beneath the waters of Llyn Tegid, or Bala Lake as it is know in English, once lost in a great flood. The lake, formed by glacial melt waters following the last ice age, is one of the last habitats of the Gwyniad fish, a small salmonid creature. Three rather forlorn looking specimens of this remnant of a post-glacial ecosystem sit pickled in formaldehyde in the White Lion Hotel on the main street of Y Bala. Another local legend tells of a farmer who once found a fairy calf among the rushes of Llyn Arenig Fawr, and reared it as one of his own cattle. For many years it produced many fine offspring, making him a wealthy man, until one day a small man playing a pipe appeared by the lake and by his eerie music, led the animal back into the waters to rejoin the fairy herd. Born from water and returned to water.
I awoke to a cold, wet, grey morning and struggled to raise myself from the warmth of my sleeping bag. After a breakfast of kippers cooked on the old iron pan I found hanging on the bothy wall, I carefully balanced across the rickety old iron ladder spanning the water out-flow of the dam, and began to ascend the limb of Y Castell to the south-west of the lake. As I climbed higher and the expanse of open country to the south gradually began to reveal itself, I could see three sheets of water dominating the landscape: Llyn Celyn to the north, Llyn Arenig Fawr in the corrie below, and across the moorland to the south, Llyn Tegid, cradled in the valley beneath the lofty crags of Aran Fawddwy.
The spirit of Arenig Fawr can be deceptively passive, imbued with an air of amiability, beneath which lies a dark and angry character. On clear spring days, with the song of skylarks lifting high into the azure sky, the climb to the summit is a little more than a strenuous walk. But in winter, when the mountain is draped in snow and ice, reminiscent of that long ago age, when black clouds tear across the summit ridge propelled by winds strong enough to lift walkers from their feet and dash them onto the jagged rocks below, then one might imagine giants battling in these hills.
On a moonless August night in 1943 the deep thrum of aircraft engines could be heard above the wind, echoing along the Dyfrdwy Valley. The aircraft was a United States Air Force B17 Flying Fortress, "Mr Five-by-Five", on night training manoeuvres, many miles off course. It is thought that the crew never saw Arenig Fawr in the darkness. Had the aircraft been just fifty metres higher they would have cleared the summit ridge, secured their location and returned to base for cocoa and a good night's sleep. The summit cairn now bears a slate memorial to the eight American crewmembers, each one originating from a different state of the Union, who were killed that night. The area is even now scattered with fragments of metal, mostly fused, one would suspect at very high temperature, into the volcanic breccias that form the rocky outcrop, such that it is impossible to tell where aluminium ends and the natural rock begins. The bodies of the crewmen were never found.
To the south of the summit, Moel yr Eglwys, Church Hill, lies an area of rare simplicity and beauty where a scatter of crystal-clear pools, encircled by rich, red bog grasses, lie amongst undulating crags and rocky tors. Westward, across the boggy col of Ceunant Coch, I climbed to the summit of Moel Llyfnant and was rewarded with a view across Coed-y-Brenin, the King's Forest, to the Rhinogydd, dark and silent like sleeping giants, beneath a blanket of cold-grey cloud.
To the north of Moel Llyfnant, on the descent towards Amnodd-bwll and Amnodd-wen, there are remains of shielings, or hafod in Welsh, buildings associated with the summer grazing of livestock, probably dating from the 18thCentury. Many are of considerable size and extent, belying the once active agricultural history of this barren landscape, populated now only by walkers, lone forestry workers and the occasional sheep.
In twenty-four hours I saw not one other person until I reached the sleepy hamlet of Arenig, from where I crossed Afon Tryweryn to reach again the A4212, where the cars and lorries race at foolish speed. Circling the lake I was reminded of the latest tale in these chronicles of fire and flood. In 1965, the construction of the reservoir of Llyn Celyn, built to provide water to the city of Liverpool via the river Dee, resulted in the flooding of Capel Celyn, a small village, which was a centre of welsh cultural activity. Local bitter feelings were exacerbated by the insensitivity of the authorities involved and the passing of the legislation for the reservoir in Parliament despite


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QueryRecorder
QueryRecorder is a tool for detecting the N+1 queries problem from tests.
Implemented in spec/support/query_recorder.rb via 9c623e3e
As a rule, merge requests should not increase query counts. If you find yourself adding something like .includes(:author, :assignee) to avoid having N+1 queries, consider using QueryRecorder to enforce this with a test. Without this, a new feature which causes an additional model to be accessed can silently reintroduce the problem.
How it works
This style of test works by counting the number of SQL queries executed by ActiveRecord. First a control count is taken, then you add new records to the database and rerun the count. If the number of queries has significantly increased then an N+1 queries problem exists.
it "avoids N+1 database queries", :use_sql_query_cache do
 control = ActiveRecord::QueryRecorder.new(skip_cached: false) { visit_some_page }
 create_list(:issue, 5)
 expect { visit_some_page }.to issue_same_number_of_queries_as(control)
end
You can if you wish, have both the expectation and the control as QueryRecorder instances:
it "avoids N+1 database queries" do
 control = ActiveRecord::QueryRecorder.new { visit_some_page }
 create_list(:issue, 5)
 action = ActiveRecord::QueryRecorder.new { visit_some_page }
 expect(action).to issue_same_number_of_queries_as(control)
end
As an example you might create 5 issues in between counts, which would cause the query count to increase by 5 if an N+1 problem exists.
In some cases, the query count might change slightly between runs for unrelated reasons. In this case you might need to test issue_same_number_of_queries_as(control_count + acceptable_change), but this should be avoided if possible.
If this test fails, and the control was passed as a QueryRecorder, then the failure message indicates where the extra queries are by matching queries on the longest common prefix, grouping similar queries together.
In some cases, N+1 specs have been written to include three requests: first one to warm the cache, second one to establish a control, third one to validate that there are no N+1 queries. Rather than make an extra request to warm the cache, prefer two requests (control and test) and configure your test to ignore cached queries in N+1 specs.
it "avoids N+1 database queries" do
 # warm up
 visit_some_page
 control = ActiveRecord::QueryRecorder.new(skip_cached: true) { visit_some_page }
 create_list(:issue, 5)
 expect { visit_some_page }.to issue_same_number_of_queries_as(control)
end
Cached queries
By default, QueryRecorder ignores cached queries in the count. However, it may be better to count all queries to avoid introducing an N+1 query that may be masked by the statement cache. To do this, this requires the :use_sql_query_cache flag to be set. You should pass the skip_cached variable to QueryRecorder and use the issue_same_number_of_queries_as matcher:
it "avoids N+1 database queries", :use_sql_query_cache do
 control = ActiveRecord::QueryRecorder.new(skip_cached: false) { visit_some_page }
 create_list(:issue, 5)
 expect { visit_some_page }.to issue_same_number_of_queries_as(control)
end
Using RequestStore
RequestStore / Gitlab::SafeRequestStore helps us to avoid N+1 queries by caching data in memory for the duration of a request. However, it is disabled by default in tests and can lead to false negatives when testing for N+1 queries.
To enable RequestStore in tests, use the request_store helper when needed:
it "avoids N+1 database queries", :request_store do
 control = ActiveRecord::QueryRecorder.new(skip_cached: true) { visit_some_page }
 create_list(:issue, 5)
 expect { visit_some_page }.to issue_same_number_of_queries_as(control)
end
Use request specs instead of controller specs
Use a request spec when writing a N+1 test on the controller level.
Controller specs should not be used to write N+1 tests as the controller is only initialized once per example. This could lead to false successes where subsequent "requests" could have queries reduced (for example, because of memoization).
Never trust a test you haven't seen fail
Before you add a test for N+1 queries, you should first verify that the test fails without your change. This is because the test may be broken, or the test may be passing for the wrong reasons.
Finding the source of the query
There are multiple ways to find the source of queries.
 - Inspect the QueryRecorder data attribute. It stores queries by file_name:line_number:method_name. Each entry is a hash with the following fields:
 - count: the number of times a query from this file_name:line_number:method_name was called
 - occurrences: the actual SQL of each call
 - backtrace: the stack trace of each call (if either of the two following options were enabled)
 QueryRecorder#find_query allows filtering queries by their file_name:line_number:method_name and count attributes. For example:
 control = ActiveRecord::QueryRecorder.new(skip_cached: false) { visit_some_page }
 control.find_query(/.*note.rb.*/, 0, first_only: true)
 QueryRecorder#occurrences_by_line_method returns a sorted array based on data, sorted by count.
 - View the call backtrace for the specific QueryRecorder instance you want by using ActiveRecord::QueryRecorder.new(query_recorder_debug: true). The output is stored in file test.log.
 - Enable the call backtrace for all tests using the QUERY_RECORDER_DEBUG environment variable.
 To enable this, run the specs with the QUERY_RECORDER_DEBUG environment variable set. For example:
 QUERY_RECORDER_DEBUG=1 bundle exec rspec spec/requests/api/projects_spec.rb
 This logs calls to QueryRecorder into the test.log file. For example:
 QueryRecorder SQL: SELECT COUNT(*) FROM "issues" WHERE "issues"."deleted_at" IS NULL AND "issues"."project_id" = $1 AND ("issues"."state" IN ('opened')) AND "issues"."confidential" = $2
 --> /home/user/gitlab/gdk/gitlab/spec/support/query_recorder.rb:19:in 'callback'
 --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.8/lib/active_support/notifications/fanout.rb:127:in 'finish'
 --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.8/lib/active_support/notifications/fanout.rb:46:in 'block in finish'
 --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.8/lib/active_support/notifications/fanout.rb:46:in 'each'
 --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.8/lib/active_support/notifications/fanout.rb:46:in 'finish'
 --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.8/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:36:in 'finish'
 --> /home/user/.rbenv/versions/2.3.5/lib/ruby/gems/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.8/lib/active_support


'At night' versus 'In the night'
1-He works at night.
2- He works in the night.
3- He works nights.
Do all have the same meaning?
Hi Tom,
I would suggest (1) refers to doing work at night probably of a clerical /academic nature because then it's quiet.
I think (2) would refer to someone doing something when the rest of us are asleep but I can only think of Dracula!
(3) would refer to someone who works during the night instead of during the day as part of some shift system and that could be as a police officer or a nurse in a hospital.
I immediately thought of a burglar or some kind of gangster. But on the other hand, Batman works in the night a lot.
Thank you, Alan and Jamie!
All those examples were good but could there be some flexibility in them? :o I mean, Alan, can a student work in the night and a thief at night? In other words, your examples showed that all of the sentences are grammatically correct–could they be interchanged regardless of who is working?
Thanks in advance
In English, you can never say never, but I don't think they would normally be interchangeable.
Hi Tom
I agree with Alan and Jamie. Grammar is only part of language (as you know ;)). You also have to get the meanings and associations right.
My pet barked all night.
In the above sentence, the grammar is correct, but the meaning? What if my pet is a cat? 8)


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useLogin
useLogin is a React hook that facilitates login to your headless WordPress site without having to leave your Faust app.
API
The useLogin exports, defined as a TypeScript type:
type UseLogin = {
 loading: boolean;
 login: (
 usernameEmail: string,
 password: string,
 redirectUrl?: string,
 ) => void;
 data:
 | {
 generateAuthorizationCode: {
 code?: string;
 error?: string;
 };
 }
 | undefined;
 error: ApolloError | undefined;
};Code language: JavaScript (javascript)
Loading: A boolean flag that indicates whether the request for login is still in flight.
Login: The login request callback. It's function that you need to call with the following parameters: usernameEmail is the user email. password is the user password and redirectUrl is the redirect path when the login request is successful.
Data: the login response data. It's an object with the following attributes: generateAuthorizationCode is an object that contains either the code or an error message of the login attempt. You need to check these fields to see if the login request was valid or not (see Usage example for more context).
Error: if the login request has failed, it will return an instance of ApolloError.
Usage
Below is a full example of login to your WordPress site without leaving your Faust app. Upon a successful login, you will be redirected to /dashboard:
import { useLogin } from '@faustwp/core';
import { useState } from 'react';
export default function Login() {
 const [usernameEmail, setUsernameEmail] = useState('');
 const [password, setPassword] = useState('');
 const { login, loading, data, error } = useLogin();
 return (
 <form
 onSubmit={(e) => {
 e.preventDefault();
 login(usernameEmail, password, '/dashboard');
 }}>
 <fieldset>
 Username or Email
 <input
 id="usernameEmail"
 type="text"
 disabled={loading === true}
 value={usernameEmail}
 onChange={(e) => setUsernameEmail(e.target.value)}
 />
 </fieldset>
 <fieldset>
 Password
 <input
 id="password"
 type="password"
 disabled={loading === true}
 value={password}
 onChange={(e) => setPassword(e.target.value)}
 />
 </fieldset>
 {data?.generateAuthorizationCode.error && (

 )}
 <fieldset>
 <button type="submit">Login</button>
 </fieldset>
 </form>
 );
}
Code language: JavaScript (javascript)
It create some state values to keep track of the user email and password fields. It then uses the useLogin hook and extracts the return values. Based on the return values, it will either disable some fields when loading=true or return an error message when data.generateAuthorizationCode.error is not empty.


text: Patellofemoral pain syndrome) PFPS) is one of the most common knee injuries at a young age and is more common in women. Because of pain, muscle weakness and proprioception loss of in knee, these people have a deficit balance. The purpose of this study was Comparison of Land-based physical therapy with Aquatic physical therapy to improvement pain, physical function, static and dynamic balance in patient with PFPS. In this present quasi-experimental study twenty patients with PFPS participated and were divided into two groups: physical therapy on land and water. Subjects in both groups performed three sessions of exercise therapy per week for 8 weeks. In the beginning and at the end of the period, the patients' pain, function, static and dynamic balance respectively was assessed by visual analogue scale, kujala score, sharpend Romberg and star excursion balance test. Data was analyzed using SPSS (version 18) at a significance level of (P ≤ 0.05). In this study, pain, function, static and dynamic balance scores of the both groups significantly improved after the exercise period (P ≤ 0.05). However, there was no significant difference of data between the two groups in pain, function, static and dynamic balance (P ≥ 0.05). The results showed that physical therapy in water and land can be used as a useful and effective method to reduce pain, improve function, static and dynamic balance of PFPS patients. Although the results did not show statistically significant differences between the two groups the difference between two groups in the mean percentage change indicates that the clinical effect of exercise in water is higher than the land. According to these results aquatic physical therapy is recommended as an effective method for the treatment of patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.


text:
The Impact of Culture on the Indian Construction Industry
Keywords:Best Value, construction industry, culture, India, performance
The Indian construction industry has been characterized by poor performance. This paper analyzes the potential impact of the Indian culture on the poor performance. If the culture is a major cause in the construction industry subpar performance, can the cultural influence be overridden to minimize construction project delays and cost overruns. The authors propose to identify the unique cultural issues, identify using the Construction Industry Structure (CIS) model the impact of the cultural issues on the construction industry, and identify a potential solution to the problem. The paper proposes to test the solution in actual tests with industry participants. What makes this research unique is the approach of using deductive logic to create a simple solution, and then convincing a major research client to test the proposal.
How to Cite
Copyright (c) 2013 Syed Nihas, M.S., Kristen C. Barlish, M.S., Fulbright Scholar, Jacob Kashiwagi, PhD, Dean T. Kashiwagi, PhD, Fulbright Scholar, PE
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.


text:
Blackrock Metals is planning to build an iron, vanadium and titanium (VTM) mine in Chibougamau, Quebec, and plans to use green hydrogen at its metallurgical plant at the Port of Saguenay. With construction about to begin and operations expected to start in 2024, Blackrock Metals CEO Sean Cleary believes that it is very possible that green hydrogen will be integrated into the metallurgical plant from day one, depending on how the cost of this resource evolves. In this interview, he tells Energy and Mines about what led the company to develop such ambitious hydrogen plans and how exactly it will be used.
Energy and Mines: Tell us about your VTM project and how you plan to use green hydrogen.
Sean Cleary: Blackrock Metals is an integrated mining and metals project. We are building a mine in Chibougamau, Quebec, where we're also installing a concentrator to produce about 1 million tonnes of VTM concentrate per year. We will ship that by rail to our metallurgical complex, which is being built at the port of Grande-Anse in Saguenay, about 350 km from the mine. At the metallurgical plant, we will pelletize the concentrate and put it through a direct reduction (DR) plant to produce three different products: 500,000 tonnes of nodular iron per year, 120,000 tonnes of commercial titanium slag, and around 40,000 tonnes of vanadium-rich slag used to produce ferro vanadium and vanadium pentoxide — a key ingredient for the production of vanadium flow batteries.
As it is, this is already the greenest iron plant in the world, because our input of materials are very clean. We've designed a very modern upgraded DR plant using natural gas instead of coal, we recycle all of our waste gases and waste products back into the system. So we have very low emissions to begin with. However, we can do better.
The hydrogen element of the process relates to the DR plant, which has been designed by TENOVA. The plant utilizes natural gas to change the chemical composition of the iron pellets: from roughly 60% iron when they go in, they come out of the plant at about 94% iron. Part of the DR plant design is a natural gas reformer which separates the chemical components of natural gas, including methane, carbon and hydrogen. Hydrogen is the best chemical reductant for metallizing iron, but at the moment it is produced through natural gas — grey hydrogen is currently the most cost-effective. But the system is designed to be able to take green hydrogen from day one, which will be produced by electrolyzers using electricity. Our plan is to gradually ramp up the use of green hydrogen to around 70%, with 30% of natural gas. This will effectively reduce the CO2 emissions at the Blackrock project to almost zero.
E&M: Would the green hydrogen be produced on site?
SC: This has not been approved at this time, but yes, the goal would be to have the electrolyzers nearby and to produce large amounts of hydrogen. This is made possible by Hydro Quebec's green hydroelectric production, which is truly unique in the world. There are very few places in the world where you have access to large amounts of clean electricity, which makes the production of green hydrogen possible.
E&M: What are some of the key questions or concerns you needed to address in analysing the business case for green hydrogen?
SC: There are two elements to using green hydrogen that are very important: the cost of the equipment to make the hydrogen, as well as the cost to produce the units of hydrogen from electricity. Today producing green hydrogen is about 10 times more expensive than producing grey hydrogen from natural gas. This is a fundamental challenge, but it is being worked on every day. So we've built our project in such a way that, as green hydrogen drops in price over time, we can turn on more and more of it and use less and less natural gas.
The other important aspect is the selection of equipment: making sure that the system would work, being future-focused on green hydrogen. We started the design of this project with TENOVA almost five years ago with the goal of being the greenest facility. Fast forward to today and we now have a fully permitted, shovel-ready project that can take green hydrogen. There's a lot of planning and environmental approvals that go into a project like Blackrock. I would say the strategic thinking and foresight of the team was key to be able to pull off such a project.
E&M: Where is the push to deliver green products coming from and what has the feedback been like for investors on the planned use of green hydrogen?
SC: The core of our company is focused on ESG, and it has been from day one. The jurisdiction that we're in is governed by the Canadian government, the government of Quebec as well as First Nations, specifically the Cree Nation government and the Innu Nations of Mashteuiatsh, Essipit and Pessamit. We've had a strong partnership with the First Nations groups since the very first day of the project, and they view themselves as stewards of the environment, so we've had this strong focus on sustainability and respecting the land. Today, you really can't do any significant projects without having full social acceptance from communities: you don't just need them to sign off, you really need their strong endorsement. As a result of where we come from and the type of company we are, that's been a strong focus.
From just a governance perspective, we are a company that has strong government sponsorships, since we are putting some big infrastructure in place for the province. We are also backed by some large private equity groups who are very sensitive to ESG governance considerations. From the very beginning of our project, we had to make sure that we were doing things responsibly. The feedback has been resoundingly positive.
E&M: What are the next steps for this project?
SC: We're currently in discussion with a number of groups that would be interested in supplying us with green hydrogen, with the idea of forming a partnership. Right now we're at the assessment stage, entering into confidentiality agreements and sharing information so it's really an investigative step. We hope to be able to announce our selection of partners within the next six to eight months.
E&M: What would you advise other CEOs with greenfield sites currently exploring hydrogen options?
SC: I think it really depends where they are. Quebec is a great jurisdiction to have this type of project, because you have an abundance of clean hydroelectric power. If the jurisdiction is set up to provide renewable electricity for the production of green hydrogen, that creates a lot of momentum to get this type of project going. If there has to be additional government investment or private sector investment to be able to produce green energy in the first place, then it becomes a little bit more difficult. To sum it up, I would advise other CEOs who are looking into hydrogen to really analyze the electricity production of where they are located or planning on being located. That will dictate their ability to deploy hydrogen or not.
Sean Cleary is speaking at the Hydrogen and Mines Virtual Summit, Sept 8-9. Mining Weekly is pleased to be a supporter of this event. _URL_


text:
Social Structure of Ancient China
Let's learn about China's social structure
Description: Peasants Of Ancient China
Image copyright: _URL_
A. Which groups made up China's Social structure?
*In first class were the kings and nobles; they were at the highest level.
*Then came the lords and warriors, they were in the second class.
*Lastly were the peasants, they were in the lowest class.
B. What were the rights and responsibilities of each group?
*The kings lead the government and gave land to different lords.
*The lords' responsibilities were to pay the taxes to the king and provided warriors to protect the land.
*Peasants farmed the nobles land and worked for the nobles and kings.
C. Why were some groups more powerful than others?
*They were more powerful because they were wealthy and known.
* They had a lot more resources than others.
D. Why were boy children highly valued in Ancient China's society?
*Boys were valued girls more because they were the ones that passed down the family names to their families.
*When their parents got old, the boys were the ones that took care of their parents.
E. Compare and contrast ancient China's social structure with the United States (our country)
*They are similar because the kings and president are in the highest class.
*In the second class in the U.S. are educated adults like lawyers and surgeons and people in the army like marines. While in china it is the warriors.
*In the lower class are the homeless and the citizens of
The U.S. In ancient China it is the servants and the slaves.


Encyclopedia of Sport: Every sport from around the world
Cowboy Action Shooting
Cowboy Action Shooting (CAS) is a shooting sport which involves shooting at targets with a variety of guns that were typical of the late 19th century. The sport originated in the United States and is currently practiced in a few other countries as well.
In competitions, matches consist of several stages, with each stage presenting a different scenario that are typical of the old west. Shooters have to carry four guns for a mach (two revolvers, one shotgun, and one rifle). Each stage requires up to 10 revolver rounds, up to 10 rifle rounds, or up to eight shotgun rounds. Some stages will restrict the use of only one or two types of guns. Targets used are usually steel plates that get knocked down when hit.
cowboy shooting cowboy shooting
Most matches are time based, where each shooter completes the stages individually against a clock. In each stage, targets have to be shot in a specific order. For each missed target 5 seconds, and for targets shot out-of-order 10 seconds, are added to the shooters final time as a penalty. After all deductions, the competitor with the fastest time for all stages combined is declared as the winner.
The most popular competitions for CAS is the National and World Championships where over 700 competitors take part.
Similar Sports
Related Pages
Sport Extra
How to Cite


DTS_E_CONNECTIONNOTFOUND
Product Name
SQL Server
Product Version
10.0
Product Build Number
Event ID
-_PHONE_
Event Source
SSIS
Component
Integration Services
Symbolic Name
DTS_E_CONNECTIONNOTFOUND
Message Text
The connection __ is not found. This error is thrown by Connections collection when the specific connection element is not found.
The package cannot run because the specified connection manager cannot be found.
The hexadecimal value for this error number is 0xC001000E.
Possible Causes
This message might appear because of one of the following problems:
 - The logging configuration for the package does not specify a connection manager.
 - An Integration Services component or feature specifies a connection manager that has been removed from the package. This can occur when you copy tasks and other components from one package to another package.
Depending on why the specified connection manager cannot be found, you might have to take one of the following steps:
 - Specify a connection manager for the package log. To specify a connection manager, in Business Intelligence Development Studio, in the SSIS Designer, on the SSIS menu, click Logging.
 - Verify that the package contains the specified connection manager. To verify that the package contains the connection manager, confirm that the connection manager appears in the list in the Connection Managers area. The Connection Managers area appears on the Control Flow, Data Flow, and Event Handlers tabs of the SSIS Designer.
Community Additions
ADD
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Main Content
Detect and Fix Task Overruns on Arduino Hardware
You can configure a Simulink® model running on the target hardware to detect and notify you when a task overrun occurs. A task overrun occurs if the target hardware is still performing one instance of a task when the next instance of that task is scheduled to begin. You can fix overruns by decreasing the frequency with which tasks are scheduled to run, and/or by reducing the number of tasks defined by your model.
To enable overrun detection:
 1. Click the Tools menu in the model, and select Run on Target Hardware > Options.
 2. In the Hardware Implementation pane that opens, select the Overrun detection > Enable overrun detection check box.
 3. Use the Digital output to set on overrun parameter to specify the pin number of a digital output.
 4. Click OK.
To create a visual overrun indicator for your board, connect an appropriate resistor in series with an LED between the GND and the hardware pin specified by the Digital output to set on overrun parameter. Orient the LED so the longer leg (positive) is connected to the digital output pin.
When a task overrun occurs:
 - The state of the digital output pin specified by the Digital output to set on overrun parameter changes from low (0 Volts) to high (5 Volts).
 - The model continues running, but the effective sample time will be longer than specified.
To fix an overrun condition, reduce the processing burden of the model by applying one or more of the following solutions:
 - Increase the sample times for the model. For example, increase the values of the Sample time parameters in all of your data source blocks.
 - Simplify the model.
If you are using External mode, and the preceding solutions do not fix the task overrun condition, consider disabling External mode. External mode adds a lightweight server to the model running on the target hardware. This server increases the processing burden upon the target hardware, which can contribute to a task overrun condition.


text:
I was looking for a way to display textures from Grim Dawn properly for a long time now and had a really hard time getting on with it which is why I started this project.
The idea is to provide an easy-to-use library that allows displaying the .tex and .dds files from Grim Dawn as I want to prevent you guys from getting frustrated the same way I did.
The library is written in C#, using Visual Studio Express 2013 for desktop.
Usage (Visual Studio)
Adding a reference to your project
- Right click "references" in your project explorer
- Choose "Add reference"
- Choose "browse" on the left of the window that should now appear.
- Choose "browse" on the lower right of the window
- Navigate to "GDImageLibrary.dll" and double click it.
- If you did everything right, it should look like this:
- Now click "ok". You now should be able to use the GDImageLibrary.
- To add it as namespace, add it to your code like this:
The ImageBuild Method builds an object of the type "Bitmap" from a byte array that holds the pixels of an image. It also requires the width and height of the image.
Bitmap bm = GDImage.ImageBuild(byte PixelArray, int ImageWidth, int ImageHeight);
The ConvertIntArrayToByteArray method converts, as the name says, an integer array to a byte array.
byte ByteArray = GDImage.ConvertIntArrayToByteArray(int IntArray);
The ConvertTexToDDs method converts a .tex file to a .dds file and returns an array of bytes containing the whole image file.
byte DDsFile = GDImageLibrary._TEX.ConvertTexToDDS(string Textfile);
byte DDsFile = GDImageLibrary._TEX.ConvertTexToDDS(byte TexFileContent);
The LoadTexImage method loads a .tex file and returns a bitmap for easy displaying of .tex files.
Bitmap bm = GDImageLibrary._TEX.LoadTexImage(string Texfile);
Bitmap bm = GDImageLibrary._TEX.LoadTexImage(byte TexFileContent);
The GetTexFileWidth method returns an integer that declares the width of a .tex file.
int Width = GDImageLibrary._TEX.GetTexFileWidth(string Texfile);
int Width = GDImageLibrary._TEX.GetTexFileWidth(byte TexFileContent);
The GetTexFileHeight Method returns an integer that declares the height of a .tex file.
int Height = GDImageLibrary._TEX.GetTexFileHeight(string Texfile);
int Height = GDImageLibrary._TEX.GetTexFileHeight(byte TexFileContent);
The SaveAsDDS method saves a .tex file as a .dds file.
GDImageLibrary._TEX.SaveAsDDS(string texfile, bool overwrite);
GDImageLibrary._TEX.SaveAsDDS(string texfile, string DDsFileName, bool overwrite);
The LoadImage method loads a .dds file and returns an object of the type "bitmap" for easy displaying of .dds files.
Bitmap bm = GDImageLibrary._DDS.LoadImage(string DDsFile);
Bitmap bm = GDImageLibrary._DDS.LoadImage(byte DDsFileContent);
The GetFileWidth method returns an integer that declares the width of a .dds file.
int Width = GDImageLibrary._DDS.GetFileWidth(string DDsfile);
int Width = GDImageLibrary._DDS.GetFileWidth(byte DDsFileContent);
The GetFileHeight method returns an integer that declares the height of a .dds file.
int Width = GDImageLibrary._DDS.GetFileHeight(string DDsfile);
int Width = GDImageLibrary._DDS.GetFileHeight(byte DDsFileContent);
- Special thanks to Tamschi for providing his TQ.Texture library under the GPL and not getting tired of answering my questions
- Special thanks to Mamba for pointing me torwards the DDSReader Class (see below) and offering some sample code
- Special thanks to Kenji Sasaki for providing his DDSReader class under the MIT license.
Please let me know if there are any problems / wishes for future updates.
Since this is the first ever library that I release it might be that there are a few things I didn't think about and therefore didn't discover which could result in not intended problems.
Attachment: GDImageLibrary Source.zip


text:
Why does Git have tags? (instead of just branches)
They seem to be second-class citizens, or at least "different." They aren't pushed unless you specify that explicitly. Deletions of remote tags doesn't cause deletion in downstream repos.
This last point was a problem recently, as someone pushed a bunch of garbage tags with tons of commits from another repo. We could delete them upstream and gc the commits, but that wouldn't propogate, and the next time someone pushed a tag with
git push --tags, they'd repush those garbage tags and commits. So we had to make sure everyone deleted them.
When and why would I use a tag instead of a branch?