traffic or page.driver.reset
Manipulating cookies
The following methods are used to inspect and manipulate cookies:
 - page.driver.cookies - a hash of cookies accessible to the current page. The keys are cookie names. The values are Cookie objects, with the following methods: name, value, domain, path, secure?, httponly?, samesite, expires.
 - page.driver.set_cookie(name, value, options = {}) - set a cookie. The options hash can take the following keys: :domain, :path, :secure, :httponly, :samesite, :expires. :expires should be a Time object.
 - page.driver.remove_cookie(name) - remove a cookie
 - page.driver.clear_cookies - clear all cookies
Sending keys
There's an ability to send arbitrary keys to the element:
element = find('input#id')
element.send_keys('String')
or even more complicated:
element.send_keys('H', 'elo', :left, 'l') # => 'Hello'
element.send_keys(:enter) # triggers Enter key
Since it's implemented natively in PhantomJS this will exactly imitate user behavior. See more about sendEvent and PhantomJS keys
Customization
You can customize the way that Capybara sets up Poltergeist via the following code in your test setup:
Capybara.register_driver :poltergeist do |app|
 Capybara::Poltergeist::Driver.new(app, options)
end
options is a hash of options. The following options are supported:
 - :phantomjs (String) - A custom path to the phantomjs executable
 - :debug (Boolean) - When true, debug output is logged to STDERR. Some debug info from the PhantomJS portion of Poltergeist is also output, but this goes to STDOUT due to technical limitations.
 - :logger (Object responding to puts) - When present, debug output is written to this object
 - :phantomjs_logger (IO object) - Where the STDOUT from PhantomJS is written to. This is where your console.log statements will show up. Default: STDOUT
 - :timeout (Numeric) - The number of seconds we'll wait for a response when communicating with PhantomJS. Default is 30.
 - :inspector (Boolean, String) - See 'Remote Debugging', above.
 - :js_errors (Boolean) - When false, JavaScript errors do not get re-raised in Ruby.
 - :window_size (Array) - The dimensions of the browser window in which to test, expressed as a 2-element array, e.g. [1024, 768]. Default: [1024, 768]
 - :screen_size (Array) - The dimensions the window size will be set to when Window#maximize is called. Expressed as a 2-element array, e.g. [1600, 1200]. Default: [1366, 768]
 - :phantomjs_options (Array) - Additional command line options to be passed to PhantomJS, e.g. ['--load-images=no', '--ignore-ssl-errors=yes']
 - :extensions (Array) - An array of JS files to be preloaded into the phantomjs browser. Useful for faking unsupported APIs.
 - :port (Fixnum) - The port which should be used to communicate with the PhantomJS process. Defaults to a random open port.
 - :host (String) - The name or IP of the PhantomJS host. Default is '127.0.0.1'.
 - :url_blacklist (Array) - Default session url blacklist - expressed as an array of strings to match against requested URLs.
 - :url_whitelist (Array) - Default session url whitelist - expressed as an array of strings to match against requested URLs.
 - :page_settings (Hash) - PhantomJS web page settings (_URL_
URL Blacklisting & Whitelisting
Poltergeist supports URL blacklisting, which allows you to prevent scripts from running on designated domains:
page.driver.browser.url_blacklist = ['_URL_']
and also URL whitelisting, which allows scripts to only run on designated domains:
page.driver.browser.url_whitelist = ['_URL_']
If you are experiencing slower run times, consider creating a URL whitelist of domains that are essential or a blacklist of domains that are not essential, such as ad networks or analytics, to your testing environment.
Troubleshooting
Unfortunately, the nature of full-stack testing is that things can and do go wrong from time to time. This section aims to highlight a number of common problems and provide ideas about how you can work around them.
DeadClient errors
Sometimes PhantomJS crashes during a test. There are basically two kinds of crashes: those that can be reproduced every time, and those that occur sporadically and are not easily reproduced.
If your crash happens every time, you should read the PhantomJS crash reporting guide and file a bug against PhantomJS. Feel free to also file a bug against Poltergeist in case there are workarounds that can be implemented within Poltergeist. Also, if lots of Poltergeist users are experiencing the same crash then fixing it will move up the priority list.
If your crash is sporadic, there is less that can be done. Often these issues are very complicated and difficult to track down. It may be that the crash has already been fixed in a newer version of WebKit that will eventually find its way into PhantomJS. It's still worth reporting your bug against PhantomJS, but it's probably not worth filing a bug against Poltergeist as there's not much we can do.
If you experience sporadic crashes a lot, it may be worth configuring your CI to automatically re-run failing tests before reporting a failed build.
MouseEventFailed errors
When Poltergeist clicks on an element, rather than generating a DOM click event, it actually generates a "proper" click. This is much closer to what happens when a real user clicks on the page - but it means that Poltergeist must scroll the page to where the element is, and work out the correct co-ordinates to click. If the element is covered up by another element, the click will fail (this is a good thing - because your user won't be able to click a covered up element either).
Sometimes there can be issues with this behavior. If you have problems, it's worth taking screenshots of the page and trying to work out what's going on. If your click is failing, but you're not getting a MouseEventFailed error, then you can turn on the :debug option and look in the output to see what co-ordinates Poltergeist is using for the click. You can then cross-reference this with a screenshot to see if something is obviously wrong.
If you can't figure out what's going on and just want to work around the problem so you can get on with life, consider using a DOM click event. For example, if this code is failing:
click_button "Save"
Then try:
find_button("Save").trigger('click')
Timing problems
Sometimes tests pass and fail sporadically. This is often because there is some problem synchronising events properly. It's often straightforward to verify this by adding sleep statements into your test to allow sufficient time for the page to settle.
If you have these types of problems, read through the Capybara documentation on asynchronous JavaScript which explains the tools that Capybara provides for dealing with this.
Memory leak
If you run a few capybara sessions manually please make sure you've called session.driver.quit when you don't need session anymore. Forgetting about this causes memory leakage and your system's resources can be exhausted earlier than you may expect.
General troubleshooting hints
 - Configure Poltergeist with :debug turned on so you can see its communication with PhantomJS.
 - Take screenshots to figure out what the state of your page is when the problem occurs.
 - Use the remote web inspector in case it provides any useful insight
 - Consider downloading the Poltergeist source and using console.log debugging to figure out what's going on inside PhantomJS. (This will require an understanding of the Poltergeist source code and PhantomJS, so it's only for the committed!)
Filing a bug
If you can provide specific steps to reproduce your problem, or have specific information that might help other help you track down the problem, then please file a bug on Github.
Include as much information as possible. For example:
 - Specific steps to reproduce where possible (failing tests are even better)
 - The output obtained from running Poltergeist with :debug turned on
 - Screenshots
 - Stack traces if there are any Ruby on JavaScript exceptions generated
 - The Poltergeist and PhantomJS version numbers used
 - The operating system name and version used
Changes
Version history and a list of next-release features and fix


text:
The Airport Nest
The unexpected placement of a kindergarten inside an airport becomes an opportunity to investigate the unusual relationship between a large infrastructure and a small service. The building is developed on two levels. On the ground floor, the long basement generates a small internal courtyard and defines the entrance. On the upper floor, within a single volume, there are the classrooms directly connected to the roof garden.
The concept involves the use of grits and tones in strong contrast to each other: the basement materials reflect the sky, while the upper part of the building incorporates textures and colors of the Apulian land.
- ProjectThe Airport Nest
- PlaceBari, IT
- ClientPrivate commitment
- Consultant MEP: Studio Magnanimo
- Team Laboratorio Permanente: Nicola Russi, Angelica Sylos Labini
With Sylos Labini Ingegneri Associati

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
- What causes apples to brown?
- Which fruit oxidizes the fastest?
- How do you slow down enzymatic browning?
- How can Maillard reaction be reduced?
- Why is fruit Brown conclusion?
- What are the 4 types of reactions?
- What type of reaction is the Maillard reaction?
- What is the difference between Maillard reaction and caramelization?
- How does pH affect Maillard browning?
- What is the Maillard reaction in baking?
- What causes fruit to brown?
- Why is browning reaction important in food?
- Why does the Maillard reaction happen?
- Is browning food bad for you?
- What factors influence the degree of Maillard browning?
- Is caramelization a chemical reaction?
- Is the Maillard reaction unhealthy?
- How does temperature affect Maillard reaction?
What causes apples to brown?
When an apple is cut (or bruised), oxygen is introduced into the injured plant tissue.
When oxygen is present in cells, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes in the chloroplasts rapidly oxidize phenolic compounds naturally present in the apple tissues to o-quinones, colorless precursors to brown-colored secondary products..
Which fruit oxidizes the fastest?
Plums if left on the shelf, they will start to rot in 3-5days, if placed in the fridges 3-4 days. Pears on the shelf 3– 5 days, in the fridge 3-4 days. Grapes on the shelf 1 day, in the fridge 1 week. Apples on the shelf 1-2 days, in the fridge 3 weeks.
How do you slow down enzymatic browning?
Cooks often put cut apples or potatoes in a water bath until they are ready to be cooked. The water reduces contact with oxygen and prevents enzymatic browning. Cooking fruits or vegetables inactivates (destroys) the PPO enzyme, and enzymatic browning will no longer occur. Refrigeration can slow enzymatic browning.
How can Maillard reaction be reduced?
You can control the Maillard reaction by changing the amount of reducing sugars, and the availability of amino acids. Reducing sugars include glucose, fructose, lactose, maltose, and more exotic sugars like ribose.
Why is fruit Brown conclusion?
Fruit turns brown when exposed to air because a reaction is happening when a cut piece of fruit is exposed to oxygen. … The chemical reaction can be simplified to: Polyphenol Oxidase + O2 → Melanin (Brown Color) Oxygen activates the compound polyphenol oxidase in the fruit to turn the fruit brown.
What are the 4 types of reactions?
Representation of four basic chemical reactions types: synthesis, decomposition, single replacement and double replacement.
What type of reaction is the Maillard reaction?
The Maillard reaction, named after L. C. Maillard, is also known as non-enzymatic browning. It is an extremely complex process and is the reaction between reducing sugars and proteins by the impact of heat. The Maillard reaction starts with the reaction of a reducing sugar with an amine, creating glycosylamine.
What is the difference between Maillard reaction and caramelization?
The key difference between Maillard reaction and caramelization is that the Maillard reaction is non-pyrolytic whereas the caramelization is pyrolytic. The Maillard reaction and caramelization are two different non-enzymatic browning processes of food.
How does pH affect Maillard browning?
In general, maximum browning occurs at aw between 0.60 and 0.85 and the browning rate increases with increasing pH, up to a pH of around 10 (Morales et al., 1997; Gerrard, 2002). Maillard reaction is one of the most important reactions which result from food processing.
What is the Maillard reaction in baking?
The Maillard reaction, also known as carbonyl-amine reaction, is a non-enzymatic browning (NEB) reaction that produces desirable colors and flavors in baked products and other thermally-processed foods.
What causes fruit to brown?
"Discoloration of fruit results when an enzyme called polyphenoloxidase oxidizes the phenolic compounds that are found in the tissue of fruits. The oxidation causes the phenolic compounds to condense into brown spots.
Why is browning reaction important in food?
The reaction between a reducing sugar and an amino group and their subsequent interactions is known as the Maillard reaction. … It is also responsible for the formation of carcinogens and could also reduce the nutritionnal value of foods by decreasing the concentration of essential amino-acids.
Why does the Maillard reaction happen?
In making silage, excess heat causes the Maillard reaction to occur, which reduces the amount of energy and protein available to the animals that feed on it.
Is browning food bad for you?
Browned toast and potatoes are 'potential cancer risk', say food scientists. Bread, chips and potatoes should be cooked to a golden yellow colour, rather than brown, to reduce our intake of a chemical which could cause cancer, government food scientists are warning.
What factors influence the degree of Maillard browning?
The course of Maillard reaction is strongly affected by factors which influence the different chemical reactions involved. These include temperature, time, water activity, reactant source, and concentration (5), the type and ratio of reducing sugar (6,7), amino acids (7,8), pH (9), and food composition (10,11).
Is caramelization a chemical reaction?
Caramelization is what happens when any sugar is heated to the point that the molecules undergo chemical reactions with oxygen in the air and with each other – the molecules either break apart into smaller molecules, or combine with one another to make larger molecules.
Is the Maillard reaction unhealthy?
Byproducts from the chemical reactions that take place when dry dog food (brown biscuits/kibble) is baked or extruded can pose carcinogenic risks to dogs. The Maillard Reaction is known to create a carcinogen called Acrylamide.
How does temperature affect Maillard reaction?
High-temperature cooking speeds up the Maillard reaction because heat both increases the rate of chemical reactions and accelerates the evaporation of water. As the food dries, the concentration of reactant compounds increases and the temperature climbs more rapidly.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Treehouse Software TREETIP: Data Replication for a Mainframe Database that has no Primary Key, using tcVISION
by Joseph Brady, Director of Business Development / AWS and Cloud Alliance Lead at Treehouse Software, Inc. and Chris Rudolph, Senior Technical Representative at Treehouse Software, Inc.
This blog takes a look at tcVISION's support for a mainframe database that has no primary key at the source (a mainframe primary key is a column, or set of columns that uniquely identifies one row of a table).
In situations where the source database does not contain any unique values, Treehouse technicians discuss with the customer how the application currently works and their expectations for how the data should be treated when planning replication/migration to a new target environment. Depending on the application, Journal Replication or Data Warehouse Replication may be a better fit than a "normal" RDBMS table definition.
tcVISION's Key ID management can be used to create a column to use as the key on the target table. Another option would be to use a SQL Lookup to query another table. Either way, target column(s) that contain unique values will need to be identified. Once these columns are identified, they can be marked with the key identifier, using the tcVISION repository editor, or Key ID Management can be used to create a new unique column, then those columns are used within the wizard.
For example, this source table does not contain a primary key:
Analysis of the target data shows the columns FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME and MIDDLE_NAME together will provide a unique value. These fields can be marked in the tcVISION repository as being members of a key:
As mentioned earlier, the tcVISION Key ID Management wizard can also be used to create a new unique target column:
Specify the key name:
Specify the key value creation:
Various options are available:
Contact Treehouse Software for a Demo Today…
Further reading: tcVISION Mainframe data replication is featured on the AWS Partner Network Blog…
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Nutritional Facts of Dabeli, Calories in Dabeli
by Tarla Dalal
This calorie page has been viewed 4791 times
How many calories does one Dabeli have?
One Dabeli gives 219 calories. Out of which carbohydrates comprise 127 calories, proteins account for 17 calories and remaining calories come from fat which is 75 calories. One Dabeli provides about 11 percent of the total daily calorie requirement of a standard adult diet of 2,000 calories.
See Dabeli recipe. Dabeli | kutchii dabeli | double roti |
This is traditionally sold on the streets of gujarati towns. It is another version of vada pav made with a sweet and spicy potato mixture which is filled into a small burger bun and then topped with onion, pomegranate, fresh garlic chutney and sev. Instead of pomegranate, you can use black or green grapes cut into small pieces.
Is Dabeli healthy?
No, this is not healthy. Let's see why.
Let's understand the Ingredients.
What's good.
Pomegranate, Anar : Pomegranate has anti-inflammatory properties. Pomegranate is considered as a heart-healthy fruit. Pomegranates contain nitrates which are shown to improve exercise performance. A study conducted on athletes stated that pomegranates if taken 30 minutes before exercise, significantly enhances the blood flow to the exercising muscles. High in vitamin C, a good source of fiber and low in calories, pomegranate juice contains antioxidants that will help to protect your blood lipids from oxidation and good for heart. See detailed benefits of pomegranate
Hing ( Asafoetida) : The active compound 'coumarin' helps in managing blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Asafoetida is known to have anti-bacterial properties, which helps to keep asthma at bay. Asafoetida is an age-old remedy for bloating and other stomach problems like flatulence. The best solution is to gulp down little hing with water or dissolve it in water and sip it. It can also be used along with curd or almond oil as a hair mask. It helps to prevent dryness of hair and smoothen as well as strengthen hair.
Cinnamon, dalchini, cinnamon powder : Cinnamon with its antioxidant power has the ability to reduce inflammation in the body and thus reduce the risk of various chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes, cancer etc. Cinnamon since ages has been known to be beneficial for diabetics. Diabetes is a disease which occurs due to insulin resistance. Intake of cinnamon is said to reduce this resistance and instead improve insulin sensitivity in cells thereby helping to maintain normal blood sugar levels. cinnamon helps to reduce the blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels and thus prevents clot formation. See detailed benefits of cinnamon.
Cloves : Cloves are the immature unopened flower buds of a tropical tree. The four-pointed flower bud with a tapered stem measures 12-16 mm, and looks like a small nail. Indians have long used cloves to treat indigestion, diarrhoea, hernia, and ringworm, as well as athlete's foot and other fungal infections. India's traditional Ayurvedic healers have used cloves since ancient times to treat respiratory and digestive ailments and its oil for toothache. It has powerful antiseptic and mild anaesthetic actions. When boiled with water and gargled, cloves are a good antibacterial mouthwash, which can help to combat bad breath and relieve a sore throat. Cloves are said to restore the appetite, and hence recommended for people with digestive disorders. Cloves are effective at clearing up a number of skin disorders such as acne, sores or ulcers. It has antioxidant properties, owing to the compound eugenol in it. Eating cloves is said to be aphrodisiac.
Cumin Seeds ( jeera) : The most common benefit of jeera known to many is to soothe the stomach, intestine and the entire digestive tract. Cumin seeds are apparently a very good source of iron. A tbsp. of cumin seeds can fulfil nearly 20% of days iron requirement. Even small quantity of cumin seeds has huge amounts of calcium – a bone supporting mineral. They aid is digestion, weight loss and help reduce inflammation. See detailed benefits of cumin seeds, jeera
Dates (Khajur) : 1 cup of dates (90 gm) gives around 8.05 gm of fiber and will lower down the cholesterol level and will also aid in weight loss. A cup of dates contain 703 mg of potassium (14.95% of RDA) which helps in the regulation of blood pressure and also prevents formation of kidney stones. Dates have a low glycemic index from 43 to 55 depending on the variety, so they are a boon to diabetics to satisfy their sweet tooth. See details for 8 super benefits of dates
Imli (Tamarind) : Tamarind is good for heart due to the fibre present which has a cholesterol lowering effect. It is also good for diabetics. But too much tamarind is bad for health.
Peanuts : Peanuts contain Vitamin B1, Thiamine which helps form ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) which body uses for energy. A handful of peanuts gives you 7.3 grams of Protein. Peanuts, Almonds and Walnuts are rich in Protein and healthy monounsaturated fats which won't spike your blood sugar levels and good for a diabetic snack and healthy heart snack. Eating a handful of Peanuts a day is said to increase the good cholesterol (HDL) in your body which is good for heart health. Read 11 amazing benefits of peanuts
Garlic : Garlic has been proven to lower cholesterol. The active ingredient allicin present in garlic aids in lowering blood pressure. Garlic is also alleged to help regulate blood glucose levels for diabetics. Garlic is great for the heart and circulatory system. Garlic has an antimicrobial, antiviral and antifungal function and can help in relieving common cold and other viral infections. To boost your immune system have a garlic clove a day. Garlic is a top anti viral food. The thiosulphate compound, Allicin found in garlic acts as a strong antioxidant and protects our body from damage of free radicals. Read here for complete benefits of garlic
What's the problem?
1. Plain flour (maida) : This recipe uses plain flour or maida to make pav, which is refined carb not suitable for healthy lifestyle. Maida consumption in any food should be totally avoided or just a little bit of usage as any consumption of this will cause a larger spike in blood levels which is not good for diabeticsheart patients. Read is maida good for you to understand fully.
Can diabetics, heart patients and over weight individuals have Dabeli?
No, this recipe is not good for diabetics, heart and weight loss. The big issues are bread, potatoes and nylon sev which is deep fried. Potatoes being high in simple carbohydrates will lead to weight gain and are not good for people with diabetes, heart problem and obesity.
Here are some Healthy snack options
You can have Baked Samosa with mixed sproutsMatarsutir Kachori, Oats Moong Dal TikkiBaked methi muthia recipe, Zunka recipemoong dal dhokla recipe bajra carrot onion uttapam recipe , baked palak jowar murukkumini jowar pancakes or buckwheat pancake as one healthy recipe option.
Baked Samosa with Mixed Sprouts, Healthy Snack
Baked Samosa with Mixed Sprouts, Healthy Snack
Can healthy individuals have Dabeli?
No, want to remain healthy, then eat healthy. You are what you eat.
How to burn 219 calories that come from Dabeli?
Walking (6 kmph) = 1hr 06 mins
Running (11 kmph) = 22 mins
Cycling (30 kmph) = 29 mins
Swimming (2 kmph) = 38 mins
Value per serving% Daily Values
Energy219 cal11%
Protein4.2 g8%
Carbohydrates31.6 g11%
Fiber0.3 g1%
Fat8.3 g13%
Cholesterol7.5 mg2%
Vitamin A252.6 mcg5%
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)0 mg0%
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)0 mg0%
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)1 mg8%
Vitamin C1.2 mg3%
Vitamin E0.1 mg1%
Folic Acid (Vitamin B9)1.3 mcg1%
Calcium26.8 mg4%
Iron1 mg5%
Magnesium1.9 mg1%
Phosphorus3.


text:
Ivi Sims, AM.AIRAH
Building Environmental Wellness Group
Heat removal of VOC
In building construction, bake-out is the use of heat to remove volatile organic compounds (VOC) such as solvents remaining in paint, carpets, and other building materials after construction, to reduce annoying odours or improve indoor air quality. The building interior is heated to a much higher temperature than normal and kept at that temperature for an extended period of time to encourage such compounds to vaporise into the air, which is then vented (released to the atmosphere). The study of building bake-out has been established for more than 30 years. Sims will present an overview on how useful this technique can be to help expedite VOC from a building, but also the hazards of performing a bake-out and not expelling gases correctly. Sims will review two case studies from Townsville – one a new townhouse and the other an established townhouse where bake-outs were performed.


text:
|« Back to Article|
Texas drought killed 301 million trees
By Kathy Huber | September 25, 2012 | Updated: September 26, 2012 7:52am
The numbers are ugly. A whopping 301 million trees have died across state forestlands as a result of the 2011 drought, the Texas A&M Forest Service reported Tuesday.
The latest count was determined after a three-month, on-the-ground study of hundreds of forested plots, as well as satellite imagery from before and after the drought. It includes trees killed directly by the drought and those so weakened that they succumbed to insects and disease.
The Brazos Valley region took the heaviest hit, losing nearly 10 percent of its trees on forested land. North Texas and western northeast Texas lost 8.3 percent and 8.2 percent, respectively.
Harris County is included in the 6.5 percent loss in the western section of southeast Texas. That's nearly 19 million fewer trees than the near 290 million live tree count before the drought. Far east stretches of southeast Texas got better news: a 1.3 percent loss, down 7.5 million trees from pre-drought 597.1 million live trees.
The 301 million count falls about midway of the forest service's previous estimates of 100 to 500 million drought-related tree deaths.
Although still a huge toll, the good news is the forest is resilient, says Burl Carraway, department head for the Texas A&M Forest Service Sustainable Forestry department. Young, new trees eventually grow in the place of fallen dead trees.
"Tree death is a natural forest process," he said in a news release. "We just had more last year than previous years."
Most of the dead trees will stand until they fall, says Forest Service analyst Chris Edgar. This benefits wildlife and helps prevent soil erosion.
The dead trees, however, could become hazards in fire conditions.
The 301 million does not include trees that shade our home gardens, city parks and streets. Another 5.6 million urban trees have died from the drought, according to an earlier study done by the service's Urban Forest program.
Houstonians have been shaken by the drought-related gaps in our urban forest.
Forester Mickey Merritt roughly estimates the drought has taken 50 percent of the trees in the city's Memorial Park.
Nature will also gradually help re-green urban canopies. More help will come from those that residents are eager to replant.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Tipster Dean Culver has created a dynamic block in AutoCAD for a labeled bracket.
"The bracket is a dynamic block that is inserted, then rotated to the right, left, top, or bottom using AutoCAD's normal Rotate command. Using the rotation action (blue dot) placed within the text, you can rotate the text to the desired orientation.
"The bracket can be stretched by using the blue arrows located on either side of the bracket to the left or right or from the top or bottom, depending on how the bracket is oriented. The text will remain centered in relation to its length, unless you modified the text position prior to stretching. The whole block can be moved using the dynamically placed base point at the center apex of the bracket."
Notes from Cadalyst Tip Reviewer Brian Benton: This is a great example of what you can do with dynamic blocks in AutoCAD. There are several ways to manipulate it, and it has a text option. If you need to create annotation similar to this, give it a try — or just take a look at how the block was constructed so you can create dynamic blocks.


Tracking down immigration attorneys after hours is often tricky. However, a large number of law firms now use personal answering services. These services help assist the immigration attorney's clients after hours. The following are a few tips regarding how to work with answering services to locate immigration attorneys after the business day is done.
Immigrants must work through the process of gaining residence or citizenship through their immigration attorney. Usually, simply calling an attorney to make an appointment for help with your legal matter starts the process of protecting yourself. If you need help after normal business hours, you can still contact your attorney's answering service who can both provide you with the needed assistance at that time and place.
For answering services used by immigration attorneys, the following requirements are vital to ensure both the attorney and answering service can assist the client. The answering service should be bilingual, English and Spanish, to ensure clients for whom English is a second language can communicate clearly. Also, the answering service should operate 24/7 to ensure no call is missed. With a bilingual answering service, the staff there can work with the immigration attorneys to translate a client's communications, whether it be over the phone or in print.
When calling an immigration attorney after hours, it is important to understand you are more likely to speak with the immigration attorney's answering service, and not the actual attorney. The receptionist taking the call will collect your contact information and provide everything to an employee working at the firm. This person will then contact you and discuss how the immigration attorneys at their office can assist you.
Clients must be comfortable working with the remote answering service to provide all of the necessary details within your message. Avoid giving away personal information, but still ensure you give the remote receptionists how urgent the current situation is, and how quickly you need the immigration attorney to return your call. If you cannot receive a call (for example, you are in jail), you must tell the answering service this so they understand you need help immediately. Top-quality answering services working alongside immigration attorneys understand the best way to make sure the immigration attorneys are best able to assist you.


Home >> News
How To Install Carriage Bolts In 5 Easy Steps
Pulished on Aug. 24, 2021
How To Install Carriage Bolts In 5 Easy Steps
Step 1: Measure the carriage bolts
First, you need to measure the carriage bolt you have chosen.
To do this, find a measurement tap and determine the diameter and length of the bolts you are using.
Step 2: Take the bolt sized drill bit
It is very important to obtain a drill bit the same size as the carriage bolt. If the size does not match, then you may not be able to install the bolts correctly.
If you choose a larger drill bit for drilling, it will cause the bolts to loosen.
And if you choose a smaller one, you can't put the carriage bolts in the holes to fix it. Therefore, determine the exact size of the drill bit in order to drill up this hole.
If you drill holes on a metal surface, you should coat the drill bit with cutting fluid. The coating will help make perforation easier.
Step 3: Use a drill machine to dig a hole
Next, you need to dig a hole in the material where you want to install the carriage bolts. In addition, slowing down the drilling speed can help you control the drilling speed.
Step 4: Use a hammer to insert the bolt into the hole
You can slide the carriage bolt into the hole you drilled. The hole you drilled maybe a bit clogged.
So, in order to avoid the problem of bolts sliding into the holes, you can use a hammer to drive the bolts in.
Tap the bolt lightly with a hammer, and the rest of the work is done.
Step 5: Put in the washer and tighten up the bolt
After placing the bolts in the holes, it is now time to complete the installation of the carriage bolts.
A washer needs to be placed on the reverse side of the bolt and material. Bolt domes and washers must be placed on different sides of the material.
When you have successfully installed the washer, it is time to put the nut on it. Roll over a nut on the bolt and tighten it with a wrench.
The square shoulder on the bolt prevents rotation on the material.
The shoulder helps to keep the carriage bolt firmly on the element and form a strong bond.
The installation guide needs to follow accurately in order to install the carriage bolts on any surface and make the bonding between different parts of the element stronger.
In addition, the placement of carriage bolts should be determined before drilling.
In this way, you can guarantee perfect holes and also make perfect connections between wood or metal parts.
Carriage Bolt
Carriage Bolt
How to use carriage bolts?
It is very common to use carriage bolts when making different types of furniture or machines. These bolts need to be perfectly placed and installed to work properly.
Therefore, the use of bolts is more likely to make the process tighter and bring things together in a stronger way.
Therefore, the use of bolts should be predetermined, if you need it or not.


text:
When an airline wet leases an aircraft, the leasing company provides literally everything – the aircraft itself, pilots and cabin crew. … Usually, when a leasing company provides an ACMI (Aircraft, Crew, Maintenance and Insurance) service, they operate under their own Air operator's certificate.
How much does it cost to lease an aircraft?
For a 737-800 you are looking at USD 120,000–350,000 monthly. For a 747-8i you are looking at USD 640,000–1,250,000 monthly. Leasing costs are calculated in various ways.
How long are aircraft leases?
A wet lease generally lasts 1–24 months. A wet lease is typically utilized during peak traffic seasons or annual heavy maintenance checks, or to initiate new routes. A wet-leased aircraft may be used to fly services into countries where the lessee is banned from operating.
Why are airlines leasing more aircraft?
The primary reason why airlines opt to lease aircraft is due to the lower overall cost. For example, a new Airbus A320neo would cost airlines around $110 million, while the larger Boeing 787 would cost around $250 million.
Why is it called a wet lease?
Your car comes with a driver, fuel and the registration to operate on the roads. Several companies in the aviation space offer not just aircraft for lease, but provide their own pilots, flight crew, maintenance, and even airline certificates. This is called wet leasing.
Is it cheaper to rent or buy a plane?
Plane owners can save some money by doing the maintenance themselves, hunting for the best insurance quote, and storing their plane at the cheapest airport. But there's no denying it: owning your own plane will cost you more money than renting.
Is it better to own or rent a private jet?
While the cost of hiring a private jet is also notably higher than first-class fares, it is certainly a lot more economical than buying and maintaining a jet. The hiring cost varies with the size of the aircraft. … for light-cabin jets (1-7 passengers), $3400-$3700/hr. for mid-size jets (1-8 seats), $3900-$4500/hr.
What percentage of planes lease?
There were approximately 31,000 commercial aircraft in service around the world on 31 Jan-2020. Just over 16,800 of these – almost 50% – were leased. (Note that these totals include all aircraft operating in the roles of passenger, freighter, combi or converted passenger/freighter aircraft.)
Is aircraft leasing profitable?
In short, yes, they are profitable. With aviation booming as it is and passenger numbers rising yearly, airlines do lease more and more aircraft. According to a KPMG report about the aviation industry leaders, around 15% of the global aviation fleet was leased by airlines in 1999.
What is the difference between a wet lease and a dry lease?
In a wet-lease situation, the lessor maintains operational control of all flights whilst providing aircraft and crew, whereas with dry-lease the lessee provides its own crew and exercises control.
Which airline owns the most planes?
The largest fleet in the world belongs to American Airlines, with 872 aircraft.
Do airlines own their aircraft?
Airlines rely heavily on third-party debt and equity to finance these capital-intensive assets. … Today, over 13,300 commercial jet aircraft, valued at approximately $331 billion, are owned by operating lessors and leased on this basis to the global airlines, representing more than 49% of the fleet by value.
Does Emirates own or lease aircraft?
Emirates has agreed to lease 14 Boeing 777-300ER wide-body aircraft and Qatar Airways has placed an order to lease two new Airbus A330-200 wide-body aircraft.
What does wet lease mean?
is defined under EU regulations as an agreement between air carriers pursuant to which the aircraft is operated under the AOC of the Lessor.
What does wet lease mean in aviation?
Wet lease: Under a wet leasing arrangement, the owner supplies the aircraft as well as at least one crew member, according to the FAA. The owner assumes operational responsibility, which includes performing maintenance, procuring insurance, and other legal responsibilities of operations.
What qualifies as an operating lease?
An operating lease is a contract that allows for the use of an asset but does not convey ownership rights of the asset. Operating leases are considered a form of off-balance-sheet financing—meaning a leased asset and associated liabilities (i.e. future rent payments) are not included on a company's balance sheet.


text:
Campbell Transit Station
Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
Located in a 30-acre parking lot, the Campbell Transit Station is designed to serve the commuting needs of faculty and students. While programmatic requirements included: seating, wireless communication, restroom, and vending facilities, the station was designed to resist the effects of recurrent flooding through the use of cast-in-place concrete construction.
The undulating roof also participates in the ecology of the site by collecting and directing rainwater to a native grass rain garden. The result is a shelter that marks its place in the horizontal landscape by a parallel and undulating overhead plane–by the shadows it casts, wind it buffers and the precipitation it sheds.


Knockout isdirty custom data binding Knockout isdirty custom data binding
This is probably one of my favorite data bindings for Knockout.js: isdirty. The concept behind the function is to track when there is a change to any object including any of its properties. It's extremely powerful handling nested objects as well.
Let's take a look at how to use:
var customer = {
"firstName": ko.observable("End your"),
"lastName": ko.observable("If")
};
customer.dirtyFlag = new ko.dirtyFlag(customer);
The above code initializes a customer object with two parameters: first and last name. Both of these properties are defined as observables. When a change happens to either property, the following property on the customer object will return true: customer.dirtyFlag.isDirty()
You can apply logic to this computed observable to identify data on your page has changed.
And finally let's look at the actual code behind the function:
ko.dirtyFlag = function (root, isInitiallyDirty) {
var result = function () { },
_initialState = ko.observable(ko.toJSON(root)),
_isInitiallyDirty = ko.observable(isInitiallyDirty);
result.isDirty = ko.computed(function () {
return _isInitiallyDirty() || _initialState() !== ko.toJSON(root);
});
result.reset = function () {
_initialState(ko.toJSON(root));
_isInitiallyDirty(false);
};
return result;
};
Published on May 31, 2022
Tags: Knockout js Tutorial | JavaScript | isdirty | Knockout js Tutorial
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Tutorials
Learn how to code in HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, Ruby, PHP, Java, C#, SQL, and more.
No matter the programming language you're looking to learn, I've hopefully compiled an incredible set of tutorials for you to learn; whether you are beginner or an expert, there is something for everyone to learn. Each topic I go in-depth and provide many examples throughout. I can't wait for you to dig in and improve your skillset with any of the tutorials below.


The Movement of the Sun through our Galaxy
Introduction and Purpose
The Visual Basic program VB Galaxy is a copy of the QBasic program: Galaxy.bas The purpose of the program VB Galaxy is to simulate the movement an object (the Sun) through Our Galaxy (The Milky way) with three posibilities:
 1. When the radial speed is rougly 250 km/sec. In this case its path is a circle.
 2. When its radial speed is almost zero. In this case its path is almost a straight line. The object will oscillate.
 3. When its radial speed is almost zero and when there is a black hole in the center of our Galaxy. In this case the path will be bended when the object approaches the BH.
To get a copy select: VB galaxy.zip
To see the listing of the program select: VB.GALAXY.bas.txt
Description and Operation
The program consists of 3 displays:
 1. Main Selection Display
 2. Simulation Display under three possibilities.
 3. Parameter Selection Display
The Main Selection Display is used to select the Simulation Display or the Parameter Selection Display.
In order to select the Simulation Display: Select possibility 1 to 3 and Select S. This will start the simulation under predefined initial conditions.
In order to select the Parameter Selection Display select 0.
From the Parameter Selection Display you can modify the following parameters:
 1. Delta time in ly
 2. V origin (Galaxy)
 3. Phi origin
 4. Display condition
 5. Initial condition
 6. Speed of gravity
 7. Initial distance of object in lightyears
 8. Initial radial speed of object in km/sec
 9. Mass of Black hole in Sun Masses M0
 1. For type 1 the standard value for Delta time in ly is 0.05 light years. If performance is slow you can try 0.1. For higher accuracy use 0.01.
 For type 2 and 3 delta time is 0.0005 light years.
 2. The parameter V origin (Galaxy) defines the speed of our galaxy in km/sec. The standard value is 0. First try 0. Secondly try 1000 km/sec
 3. The parameter Phi origin defines the direction of the speed of our galaxy as a function of our Sun. Valid values are 0, 90, 180, 270 and 360.
 4. The parameter Display condition defines the number of iterations between screen updates. The standard value is 100.
 5. The parameter Initial condition has to values 0, 1 or 2.
 For a value of 0 there is no change in initial condition.
 For a value of 1 the initial position of the Sun is modified.
 For a value of 2 the initial velocity of the Sun is modified.
 6. The parameter Speed of gravity defines the speed of gravity propagation. Standard value is 300000 km/sec.
 7. The parameter Initial distance in ly defines the initial distance of the object in lightyears. Standaard value for type 1 is 25000 ly and for type 2 and 3 50000 ly
 8. The parameter Initial radial speed of stardefines the initial radial speed of object in km/sec. Standaard value for type 2 and 3 is 0.0015 km/sec
 9. The parameter Mass Black hole in M0defines the Mass of Black hole in Sun Masses M0. Standaard value for type 3 is _PHONE_ Sun Masses M0
The Simulation Display Consists of three parts:
 1. The top part shows the values of the parameters.
 For type 2 at closest distance the simulation stops. Enter any character to continue.
 2. The middle part shows (1) the position and direction of our Galaxy and (2) the position of the Sun in red.
 For the type 2 also in yellow (larger) and braun (largest)
 3. The bottom part shows the values of certain parameters after each revolution of the Sun. The first parameter shows the time in counts accumulated and the time in count between revolutions. The last parameter is important in order to see if the revolution times increases The last parameter shows the distance between the center of the Galaxy and the Sun.
Test Results
All tests are done with delta time = 0.01 light year
Test 1
For V origin = 0 Revolution time is 189.56 million years
Test 2
For V origin = 1000 c = 0 km/sec Revolution time is 189.56 million years
Test 3
For V origin = 1000 c = 300000 km/sec
The table below shows the results of 12 simulations.
The parameter phi defines the direction of the speed of the galaxy.
 init = 0 init = 1 init = 2
phi rev time distance rev time distance rev time distance
 0 191.47 25000.0 189.56 24916.7 189.57 25000.0
 90 189.46 25000.0 189.56 25000.1 189.46 25000.0
180 187.68 25000.0 189.56 25083.3 189.57 25000.0
270 189.67 25000.0 189.56 25000.2 189.67 25000.0
The column init = 0 shows the time in million years after one revolution and the distance in light years, for different values phi. Phi is the direction of the speed of the galaxy.
What the simulation shows is that the revolution time is different i.e. is a function of phi. This is wrong because the Sun moves in a circle and it should not make any difference where you start the simulation.
For phi = 0 the center of galaxy moves towards the Sun. That means the virtual position is away from the Sun. This in turn means that the acceleration is smaller then it should be. Finally this means that the revolution time will be larger.
For phi = 180 the center of galaxy moves away from the Sun. That means the virtual position is toward the Sun. This in turn means that the acceleration is larger then it should be. Finally this means that the revolution time will be smaller.
To solve this problem we can do two things:
 1. change the initial position. This is done in the column init = 1
 2. change the initial velocity. This is done in the column init = 2
The result of both is that the revolution time is almost the same and is independent of the direction of the speed of the galaxy.
Reflection
 1. The simulation assumes that the center of gravity of the galaxy coincides with the center of the Galaxy. This is not correct. The center of gravity of the galaxy, from the point of vew of the Sun, does not coincide with the center of our Galaxy and has an offset towards the Sun. See program MASS_GAL.BAS for details.
 2. Change the speed of gravity with a factor of 100. The revolution time and the distance will be constant.
 3. Does this galaxy simulation requires dark matter ?
Feedback
None
Last modified:19 October 2000 Upgraded: 13 March 2016
Back to my home page: Contents of This Document


text:
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+0123 456 70 90
Created at time between 600 BC and 100 BC, an armillary sphere is an old astronomical instrument composed of a number of graduated rings arranged in celestial sphere in a framework, that represents heaven. With the Earth or Sun as a center, this instrument of the cosmos revolves on an axis, is complicate, and works intricately. People used to study the movement of rings for finding the path of the sun on a specific time, relation between lines and points in the sky and ascertaining the coordinates of stars. Today, it is used as teaching models as well as decorative purpose. The Ptolemaic and Copernican theories of the Solar System can be explained using this instrument. Armillary Sphere Celestial Instrument Globe, Nautical Decor World Globe and Antique Armillary Sphere Globe are few of armillary sphere offered by our company.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
file_exists() and file_get_contents() fail on a file which is named output‹ÕÍÕ¥.txt (as an example), although I know it exists?
I'm guessing its got something to do with the special characters within the file name?.
So was wondering whats a workaround?
Appreciate all responses.
Please note, if your thinking why not simply change the file name? - I can't as the file name is generated generically, and to change the file name will be mean using PHP's file functions (which don't seem to allow special characters within the file name args - unless I've misinterpreted/misunderstood anything).
I'm using PHP 5.2 on Windows.
share|improve this question
Did you have a look at stackoverflow.com/questions/_PHONE_/…? – sdolgy Jul 9 '11 at 13:07
_USER_: There is no need to shell escape for file_exists and the like AFAIK. – hakre Jul 9 '11 at 13:13
_USER_: How do you get the file-name? – hakre Jul 9 '11 at 13:13
1 Answer 1
Ensure that the encoding of the file-system is the same as the encoding of the string that contains the file-name in your PHP code.
Otherwise you're testing for the wrong file to exist.
For example, if your file-system does not support UTF-8 but the file-name is encoded in UTF-8.
So you have commented that the filename is in UTF-8 and you're using windows.
That's exactly the point my answer was about. As written here:
Bad news for Windows Users: Windows filesystems (FAT, FAT32, NTFS) are not UTF-8 aware. Filenames are encoded in ISO-8859-1 or CP437/CP850/( or whatever suits your language) depending on filesystem and localisation. So you will probably get in trouble trying to match filenames from database to filesystem if you follow this guide. (Although I've never tried it.)
Windows workaround: Modern windows versions support UTF-8 on mounted shares. Make a share of your mediafolder and mount it as a network drive.
So either make a share or encode the filename in the encoding that actually works with your filesystem. This is not a bug in PHP. You're just no checking for the right file-name, that's all.
Assuming you have NTFS which might accept UTF-16 (which is not really precise AFAIK, but you can give it a try), you could convert the UTF-8 filename into an UTF-16 fiĺename:
$name = mb_convert_encoding($name, 'UTF-16', 'UTF-8');
And then try if file_exists works. Keep in mind that his might not be technically correct, and you might have an additional encoding issue which prevents you from correct use even with this re-encoding.
Related: What encoding are filenames in NTFS stored as?
share|improve this answer
Well according to mb_detect_encoding() the file-name is UTF-8...after some googling I came accross the following bug: _URL_.php?id=46990? so if thats the case then instead of using file-system functions directly could I use exec() (or alike) to rename the file to a file-name in which the file-system functions accept? – newbtophp Jul 9 '11 at 14:16
_USER_: Err, that's exactly the point: Your windows does not support UTF-8 file-names most obviously. And that's not a bug in PHP after all. You'll notice that, if you pass that over to the shell as well. Edited the question for more clarity. You need to take care yourself having the right file-name. – hakre Jul 9 '11 at 14:28
Your Answer


WA Listens
What is WA Listens?
WA Listens is a free, confidential support line and outreach program for WA state residents. We provide non-clinical support and resources to folx experiencing elevated stress due to COVID-19. Our main focus is BIPOC communities to support community resiliency through our struggle. Our hotline is _PHONE_ and our mainline for texting is _PHONE_.
Serving all of WA State
_PHONE_
Mental health, COVID-19, and BIPOC communities
Mental health includes our emotional, psychological, physical, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and act. It helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others, and make choices. The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly impacted everyone, especially our BIPOC communities. BIPOC communities have difficulties accessing services and resources and our goal is to make positive changes to help our communities receive mental health care services and make resources readily available.
We provide presentations going over mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in BIPOC communities. Please reach out if you would like more information!
Contact Us
Kristopher Larsen
Nicole Erck
Noahloni Garcia
Martin Martinez-Negrete


text:
W284 N404 Cherry Lane -
Waukesha, WI 53188
_EMAIL_ | _PHONE_
The question of embracing the consecrated life is an important one . . . And once it is made, then the journey begins! But how does that journey really, literally begin?
All communities of consecrated life have times of formation, which give new members time to grow and become acquainted with the consecrated life in general and with their specific community. As you might imagine, each community does this a little differently, but most follow a fairly common pattern of formation. This article is meant to give you a sample, a closer look at the times of formation that we follow as Schoenstatt Sisters of Mary.
The candidature is an initial time of introduction in which those young women who have decided to enter our community are invited to come and live at our provincial house or main movement center. The candidature gives the young woman an opportunity to live in close proximity to our sisters, to organically grow into life in community, and to further discern her vocation. The time of the candidature depends on the individual and her circumstances, but it normally lasts from a few months to a year. This time period also enables other young women to join the forming course community.
The postulancy is the first formal time of education in the community. During the postulancy, which normally lasts for 6 months, the postulants live together in the provincial house. In this time of working and living together with the sisters, the postulants can get to know the community. Likewise, the community also gets to know the postulants and can further help in vocational discernment. In addition to some hours of daily work, the postulants have time each day for classes and study.
What is a COURSE?
A "course" refers to the group of young women who enter our community at the same time. A course not only has its times of education together, but it also becomes a small "community within the community," and a vital part of each sister's life for her time of formation and beyond. Because of the importance of the courses, our community does not officially begin the time of postulancy until a sufficient number of young women (at least 5-6) have expressed their intention to enter.
The novitiate, which lasts for 2 years, begins with a 6-month period of "closed" novitiate. The closed novitiate includes the preparation for the reception, when the novices receive our Marian dress. The time of closed novitiate is spent mainly in prayer, study, and classes. It is a time of introduction, as the novices are introduced into the life of a Sister of Mary and the principles of our community.
After the closed novitiate, the novices live and work in one of our house communities, and meet regularly for study days and weeks of instruction. The 2-year novitiate ends with the first Incorporation, when the novice receives the brooch bearing the image of the Mother Thrice Admirable, as a sign of her full membership in the community.
Our way of committing ourselves to God via the community is also a gradual one. At the first Incorporation, we seal our contract/consecration for 1 year. After that year, the sister can then choose to renew her commitment for 2 years, and then for 3 years. At the end of those 3 years, the contract/consecration is then sealed forever. This gives both the sister and the community the opportunity to prayerfully and carefully discern God's will with regard to her vocation.
Our formation continues with two 5-month tertianships one 3 years and the other 6 years after the end of the novitiate. The tertianships continue the education of our novitiate, and are times of increased prayer and study. They also enable the course community to grow together in unity and depth. The second tertianship ends with our final incorporation, when we pledge ourselves to God through the community of the Schoenstatt Sisters of Mary forever.


Bluetooth and ANT+ Sensors
The Dash can be paired to Bluetooth and ANT+ sensors, including power meters, heart rate monitors, speed and cadence sensors, as well as smart trainers and other bio-sensors. To pair to a Bluetooth or ANT+ sensor:
 1. First activate or wake the sensor up.
 - Heart rate monitor: Put the sensor on.
 - Speed/Cadence sensors: Either move or pass by the corresponding magnet.
 - Power meter: Rotate the sensor.
 2. Go to Main Menu > Activity Sensors > Add Sensor > BLE or ANT Sensors.
 - A list of sensors available to the Dash will populate.
 3. Select a sensor and then choose from the following options:
 - Cancel: Cancels selection and sensor will not be added
 - Confirm: Adds sensor to the currently selected activity profile.
 - Enabled Activities: Adds sensor to all currently enabled activity profiles.
 - Add to All: Adds sensor to every activity profile.
Manual Entry (ANT+)
ANT+ sensors have simple ANT+ IDs that can be entered and saved to the Dash without using the search function. If the sensor has a visible ANT+ ID, it can be added directly into the activity sensors list:
 1. Go to: Main Menu > Activity Sensors > Add Sensors > Manual Entry.
 2. Select Sensor Type, then use the arrow buttons to select the correct sensor category.
 3. Press the enter button to confirm selection, then select Confirm.
 4. Locate the ANT+ ID number on your sensor and enter it into the number field.
 - Use the arrow buttons to change the digit and then use the enter button to advance to the next digit.
 - Note that if your sensor ID is shorter than the number of fields, it should be preceded by 0s.


text:
Challenges of Personal Health Data Protection in the Era of Cloud Computing: A Comparative Legal Analysis
Author：Chih-hsing Ho Assistant Research Fellow
Origin of Topic
The Taiwanese government has recently promoted the adoption of cloud services in its government agencies since the Executive Yuan approved its "Cloud Computing Industrial Development Plan" in 2010. Among the twelve government's proposed cloud service schemes, the "Health Cloud Project", which has been initiated and funded by the Ministry of Health and Welfare since 2015, aims at applying cloud computing techniques to the National Health Insurance Database to help improve health care delivery. By analyzing the Taipei High Administrative Court's judgments, this paper argues that whether the National Health Insurance Bureau is entitled to release its national health insurance data to third parties for the purpose of secondary use is not without controversy. It further pinpoints that in addition to recognizing information autonomy, which has been proposed by the Grand Justices' constitutional interpretation, as well as considering the legislative purpose of the revision of the Personal Data Protection Act in Taiwan, there is a need to re-evaluate the challenges that cloud computing techniques could have brought to the implementation of the Personal Data Protection Act. This paper adopts a comparative legal perspective to analyze different rules and governance frameworks implemented by the EU, the UK, and the US in their various definitions of personal data and the regulation of risks associated with applying cloud computing techniques to personal data. It plans to reflect an adequate way to address the balance of individual privacy and public interest, especially the protection of personal and information autonomy that the government in Taiwan shall take into consideration for its cloud computing application.


Why are three symbols censored by Microsoft Windows and Office?
There are three symbols that Microsoft won't put in their fonts for Windows and Office. They are obscure and you're unlikely to need them. It's an interesting bit of trivia and example of the differing corporate cultures and judgements.
(This article includes an image that might offend some people. NSFW, as they say).
There's a font in Windows that has Egyptian hieroglyphs, no kidding. It's called Segoe UI Historic and has many other scripts including Coptic, Glagolitic, Gothic, Meroitic Cursive, Ogham, Old Italic, and Runic.
Starting at Unicode position 13000 are Egyptian hieroglyphs, which are just part of the enormous Unicode character set.
Typing a hieroglyph is simple once you know the Unicode hex value. In Word type 13080 then press Alt + X, in modern Word you'll get the famous Eye of Horus. Word will switch to Segoe UI Historic because it's a font which has that character.
See Word's symbol substitution, the good and the bad and Try the old Alt + X trick for Word and Outlook
But try that with Unicode 130B8, 130B9 or 130BA you'll get a black rectangle. Exactly the sort of symbol that we used to see in Word too often but has largely been eliminated.
What's going on?
It seems Microsoft is a little squeamish, puritanical, or at least, wary of controversy. They removed three phallic hieroglyphs that are part of the Unicode standard.
Apple is OK with it
Apple macOS doesn't have the same limitation. In the Character Viewer (Ctrl + Command + Space) and search for 'Egypt' shows all the available hieroglyphs including the "phallic three".
Word's symbol substitution, the good and the bad
Try the old Alt + X trick for Word and Outlook
Laundry care symbols typed in Word, Excel and PowerPoint
Om or Devanagari Om ॐ symbols in Word and Office
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Report a Spill
Water Pollution and Spills
To report a spill/water pollution, call _PHONE_.
At any time, if you need to report emergency concerns that involve imminent danger to people or the environment, call 911.
Water Quality Violation
By definition of the Issaquah Municipal Code, with very few exceptions, the only discharge allowed to a public or private storm system is rainwater.
Examples of Violations
Water quality violations can range from minor incidents, such as car washing, to large spills from an overturned vehicle. Water quality violations can also come from multiple sources, including roadways, underground problems, failing septic systems or hazardous materials stored outside and uncovered from the rain.


Farm, sell & earn on CropBytes like in the real world.
CropBytes Game Economy Explained.
CropBytes - crypto economy explained
CropBytes is a farming simulation game with a virtual economy. Players use real cryptocurrencies for money in the CropBytes economy.
Economic activities like producing, buying & selling help the economy grow. Every asset in the game is essential to the economy, they have real value and are tangled with economic activities.
The game replicates the real world by being volatile & transitional. Players create economic trends & by playing out their strategies in the game.
Image for post
"CropBytes is a real-life simulation in a virtual world that uses cryptocurrency"
Here is an example of how it works:
The animals who consume 'Corn Feed' are more in numbers. They collectively require 1000 Corn Feed' a day, while daily 'Carrot Feed' required in the economy is 300.
Carrot Crops' take 5 days to grow, while 'Corn Crops' take 1 day. Only one crop can grow at a time on a piece of 'Crop Land'.
Players are free to produce crops and fruits of their choice. To grow their business, players will ideally grow crops that have higher demand. Though its hard to say what other farmers are growing.
Let's consider a situation where 'Carrot Feed' has a higher demand in the market, What will happen?
 - The price of 'Carrot Feed' will rise.
 - Players will stop growing corn and grow carrots instead.
Image for post
80–90% of players are growing carrot crops now. Players with multiple lands are growing both.
The demand for 'Corn Feed' will be the same as before, but supply will not be adequate & cause the price to rise.
Image for post
This cycle is present in the real world, It is recreated in the CropBytes economy all by itself!
CropBytes is the most advanced simulation game with carefully crafted economics to give life like experiences in the virtual world, and tangible profits in the real world.
As more players join, the economy grows, activity increases, and so does the real-world value of the game. Enabling players to make more profits for time and money invested in the game.
The future of gaming is here.
Start Now!
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Average Weather Data for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Monthly Averages
January February March April May June July August September October November December
Average Monthly high in °F: 40° 44° 53° 64° 74° 83° 87° 85° 78° 67° 56° 45°
Average Monthly low in °F: 26° 28° 34° 44° 54° 64° 69° 68° 60° 48° 39° 30°
Yearly Averages
What's The Average High Temp in Philadelphia? 64.7 °F
What's the Average Low in Philadelphia? 47 °F
What's the Average Temperature in Philadelphia? 55.85 °F
How Many Inches of Rain per year does Philadelphia get? 41.45 inches
How Many Rainy Days a year are there in Philadelphia? N/A
How Much Sunshine each year is there in Philadelphia (in hours)? N/A
How much, if any, snow falls each year in Philadelphia? 23 inches
Philadelphia Temperature and Rain Graphs
Average high in °F
Average low in °F
Average precipitation in inches


text:
December 17, 2012 | City College
Images of colonial-era Dominican historic sites and monuments comprise collection
The CUNY Dominican Studies Institute at The City College of New York (CUNY DSI) announced today that it has made accessible on the Internet an extensive collection of photographs of places and monuments from early colonial times of the Dominican Republic.
The searchable collection, titled "First Blacks in the Americas," contains more than 2,900 photographs, organized in 57 sets, of historic monuments built during the Dominican Republic's colonial period. These buildings, churches, houses and sites of industrial and artisan production date to when what is today the Dominican nation began to develop as the first colony of the Spanish empire in the Americas.
"These photographs constitute a valuable visual tool to understand what life was like for the forebears of today's Dominicans during their first three centuries of history," said Dr. Ramona Hernández, director of CUNY DSI. "At the time, these places constituted the diverse scenarios where generation after generation of inhabitants of La Española lived, worked and worshiped as they constructed, first, a colonial society and, then, an independent nation under the name of Dominican Republic."
CUNY DSI Assistant Director Anthony Stevens-Acevedo led the effort to shoot, compile and upload the photographic collection to Flickr.com, an online photo-sharing system.
Two CUNY students, Xiomara Sandoval, a student in the M.A. program in education at CCNY, and Yuberkys Pietrera Nova, an undergraduate in the B.A. program in education at Lehman College, assisted him.
Students, teachers, professors, researchers and other persons interested in studying Dominican history can use the images freely for research and educational purposes. The CUNY DSI Library will work with teachers from Upper Manhattan schools to create lesson plans that use the photos and conduct on-campus workshops for students. Commercial use of the photos requires formal permission from CUNY DSI under the Creative Commons license under which the images were published.
The images can be applied to teaching an array of themes about the Dominican culture's past. Examples include: ancient building systems, working conditions and types of work associated with construction and architectural styles and life conditions and life styles associated with each type of building.
"We think this is the first collection online with this number of photos of Dominican historical sites that has been uploaded for public use so far," said Dr. Hernández. "We have noticed the scarcity of images of this kind that exists online, and, in the face of this, we have decided to make ours available to the public interested in Dominican issues."
The photographs in this collection are part of current projects undertaken by CUNY DSI that focus on early Dominican people, including:
- "First Blacks of the Americas," a micro-website devoted to disseminating the stories of the African population that arrived in La Española during the 16th century and their descendants;
- "Juan Rodríguez and the Beginnings of New York City," about the inhabitant of La Española who arrived in what is today New York in 1613 onboard a Dutch vessel, and
- "The Spanish Paleography Digital Teaching and Learning Tool," which will help the public learn how to read the handwriting styles used in Spanish manuscripts of the 16th and 17th centuries.
This collection of images contributes to an increased public awareness about the rich monumental and material heritage Dominicans have, Dr. Hernández added. She noted that the Dominican heritage speaks of a historical and cultural continuity that runs from the time the first Europeans arrived in 1492 and began to interact with local aboriginals and Africans until the present day.
"These buildings and monuments have an important history to tell; a history of which the Dominican people in the United States is the most recent chapter," Dr. Hernández stated. "This is a history that must not be forgotten because, to a large degree, it explains who Dominicans are and their way of being as a people."
Accessing the collection
There are two ways to view the collection of photographs in the CUNY DSI online account on Flickr.com.
To view the images by thematic set, go to: _URL_ which leads the visitor directly to the CUNY DSI "photostream" page in Flickr. Click on the link to the "First Blacks in the Americas" collection. When the page for that collection opens as a mosaic photos, click on any of the thumbnail image buttons to open the respective set of photographs.
To view images by thematic or subject categories across the entire collection, go to _URL_. Type the tag-words "CUNY DSI" and "Dominican Republic" or "Hispaniola" in the "search" box, followed by any of the other thematic tag-words that have been assigned to the photographs, like "colonial period," "colonial churches," "colonial houses," "colonial mills," "colonial walls," etc.
On the Internet
Photos: Three of the more than 2,900 images of colonial-era buildings and monuments made accessible via FlickR by the CUNY Dominican Studies Institute.
Ellis Simon P | _PHONE_ E | _EMAIL_


Installation Overview
Corzan pipes and fittings are joined using a fast and easy two-step solvent-welding process. Local codes determine which method is acceptable in your area, but the two-step method is more commonly used in the U.S. These directions are an overview of the instructions created by the Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association. Before any installation, please confirm the correct instructions from the manufacturer and any local codes.
Solvent Welding Demonstration
Pipe and fittings must be at the same temperature prior to start of installation. For proper solvent welding of Corzan pipe and fittings, the primer and cement dauber should be no less than half the size of the pipe for sizes 3" and below. Larger sizes require the use of a swab.
Step-by-Step Instructions
1. Cut the pipe
Corzan piping systems can be cut using ratchet cutters, wheel cutters or a fine-tooth saw. When cutting into previously installed Corzan pipes and fittings, avoid use of ratchet cutters as these may compromise the integrity of the repair. If any indication of damage to the pipe is visible at the piping end, cut back at least 2" beyond the visible damage.
2. Prepare the Pipe and Fittings
Remove any burrs or filings and bevel the end of the pipe using a chamfering tool. If a chamfering tool is not available, a sharp knife or file is suitable, but not preferred.
Using a clean, dry rag, wipe away any dirt and moisture from the joint surfaces.
Check the fit of the pipe and fitting; the pipe should make contact with the socket wall 1/3 to 2/3 of the way into the fitting socket. If the pipe goes all of the way into the fitting at this stage, discard the fitting.
3. Apply Corzan Solvent Primer
Apply a heavy, even coat inside the fitting socket, keeping the surface and applicator wet until the surface has been softened. Then, drain any puddles of primer from the fitting socket. Next, apply the primer onto the end of the pipe 1/2″ beyond the depth of the fitting socket. Then for a second time, work a second coat of primer into the fitting socket.
Ensure proper coverage of cement on the pipe and fitting. Too little solvent cement can result in gaps and leak paths, and too much solvent cement may puddle in the fittings and/or pipe, softening the material.
4. Apply Corzan Solvent Cement
Apply a heavy, even layer of solvent cement on the pipe end, then apply a medium layer of solvent cement into the fitting socket. Apply a second, heavy layer of solvent cement to the pipe end.
5. Assemble the joint
Immediately after applying solvent cement, insert the Corzan pipe into the fitting in one smooth action, until the pipe is completely to the fitting stop. On sizes 2″ and below, rotate the pipe ¼ to ½ turn while inserting to ensure even distribution of cement. Properly align the fitting and hold the assembly for approximately 30 seconds, allowing the joint to set.
6. Verify proper installation
An even bead of cement should be visible around the joint. If this bead is not visible it may indicate that solvent cement was not properly applied. In this case, disassemble and remake the joint to ensure system integrity.
Dry-fits are extremely rare and completely avoidable with proper installation practices. Verifying the presence of a continuous solvent cement bead at the fitting is a critical step to ensure system integrity.
A reminder that these directions are a generalization of the instructions created by the Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association. Before any installation, please confirm the correct instructions from the manufacturer and any local codes.
Corzan Manufacturer Approved Instructions
Always refer to local codes and the manufacturer's instructions for the specific Corzan piping systems manufacturer you are using:
Other Resources
For more information on installation, consult these resources:
Science of Solvent Weld
Solvent welding is a form of welding that uses chemistry and geometry rather than heat to produce a permanent molecular bond. When the right mixture of solvents and radial pressure are applied, the pipe and fitting become permanently bonded, functioning as a single component.
Solvent welding is not gluing. Glues work by providing a sticky layer between two components to create a bond; if the two parts were actually in direct contact they wouldn't stick because there would be no glue between them. Solvent welding requires the two components to come into contact as the solvent cements allow the parts to molecularly bond with each other.
Factors Affecting Weld Strength
 - Interference Fit: the inside of a Corzan piping system is specially tapered to create a "fusion area." In a properly assembled system, 80% of the joint strength comes from this fusion area. Because of this it is important to ensure that installers avoid angled pipe cuts, clear away burrs and filings, and check the fit of the pipe and fitting prior to solvent welding.
 - Corzan piping systems are supported by a team of consultants; to learn more about solvent welding and proper installation practices, contact us today.
Contact Corzan
Field sales reps are stationed regionally throughout the country and are available to help you find products and resources in your area. Questions? Connect with a sales rep by completing the form below.


text:
Langley Federal Credit Union has won a 1st Place Award in the Desjardins Adult Financial Education program for series of financial workshops for women.
Langley Federal Credit Union has won a 1st Place Award in the Desjardins Adult Financial Education program. The Desjardins Award is sponsored by the Virginia Credit Union League and the Credit Union National Association and honors credit unions for their commitment to teaching personal finance basics in local communities.
The award is named in honor of Alphonse Desjardins, the founder of the North American credit union movement, who established the first "caissepopulaire" (people's bank) in Quebec in 1900, and helped establish the first American credit union in New Hampshire in 1909. Desjardins was an ardent believer in the value of teaching individuals to save, and he promoted the idea of in-school savings programs (caissesscolaires).
LFCU was recognized for its "Taking Control" program, a series of financial management workshops for women. This intensive program features three two-hour sessions over a three week period, and covers financial literacy basics like cash management plus more complex topics like annuities, wills, trusts, divorce and Social Security.
Women can expect to live 20 years after traditional retirement age, and that longer life expectancy coupled with generally less earnings power compared to men, the impact of divorce, and sometimes long stretches outside the workforce to care for their families mean women must take special care in managing money and planning their retirement.
"Women have unique financial challenges and our 'Taking Control' workshops seek to arm them with the basics in achieving a secure financial future," says LFCU President/CEO Thomas Ryan. "Research shows that women want help in planning for retirement and in ensuring they are making the right financial choices for themselves and their families," concluded Ryan.
Ranked as one of the Top 100 largest credit unions in the country, Langley Federal Credit Union has over $1.7 billion in assets and serves more than 167,000 active members with 19 branches in Hampton Roads.


text:
Transition in Time Series Data Mining on Correlated Items
The authors are given a large database of customer transactions, where each transaction consists of transaction-id, the items bought in the transaction and the transaction time. The whole set of transaction is divided into a number of segments called durations (intervals) based on transaction time. And the dividing standard can be monthly, quarterly or yearly. They introduce the problem of mining strong association rules between consecutive durations using FP-tree and correlation coefficient, which is used to quantitatively describe the strength and sign of a relationship between two variables. This paper deals with the changes in the correlation between any two itemsets at the transition of the consecutive duration. Milestone is a change over point between durations.


North east pet owners urged to record cat activity
Cat owners are being asked to record what their pets catch in terms of small animals. Picture: Complimentary
Have your say
PET owners are being urged to record precisely what their cats drag in as part of a pioneering project to record the species of mammals spread across the north east of Scotland.
The bizarre survey has been launched to help in the creation of a Mammal Atlas for Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire, Moray and the Cairngorms National Park.
Cat owners across the area are being asked to record the various animals their beloved felines bring in through the cat flap. And the survey organisers are even planning to host two "Look What the Cat Brought In" events to help moggy owners to identify the various mammals.which have fallen prey to their pets.
A spokeswoman for Aberdeenshire Council explained: "The North East Scotland Biological Records Centre (NESBReC) is compiling the Mammal Atlas for 2015 but is appealing for help from local walkers, pet owners and animal lovers.
"Small mammals are particularly under recorded and taking a note of what the cat catches and takes home is a very useful way of compiling the data."
She added: "A survey by the Mammal Society in 2001 found that the average household cat can catch up to 40 creatures a year. Mice tend to be the most popular mammal prey, followed by voles and shrews. Larger mammals, such as rabbits,weasels, stoats and squirrels were also recorded. Cats can roam up to over half a mile away each night and have a home range of 28 hectares (70 acres).
"Records of the animals that cats have caught could be the only way for NESBReC to get information on mammals in certain areas."
Councillor Isobel Davidson, the chair of Aberdeenshire Council's Education, Learning and Leisure Committee, said:"The Mammal Atlas is an important project for the north-east of Scotland and I am glad to see NESBReC coming up with interesting and engaging ways for people to get involved.
"It might be unpleasant when the cat brings an animal into the house, but now at least it can be a useful indicator of the mammals living in your area."
Glenn Roberts, the NESBReC manager, said: "We really welcome everyone in the North east of Scotland to get involved in the creation of a Mammal Atlas. The most common species are often overlooked, and even if you have never looked at mammals before, it is easy to get involved in recording wildlife and photos are always welcomed."
Pet owners are being asked to record what species their cat dragged in, and where and when they saw it.
The spokeswoman added: "Pictures can be sent to NESBReC even if you are not sure what the mammal is."
NESBReC is a partnership between Aberdeenshire Council, Aberdeen City Council, Scottish Natural Heritage, the University of Aberdeen, the RSPB and Forestry Commission Scotland.
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Convert brad to 1/60 of turn | binary radian to hexacontades
Category: main menuangle menuBinary radians
angle conversion
Amount: 1 binary radian (brad) of angle
Equals: 0.23 hexacontades (1/60 of turn) in angle
Converting binary radian to hexacontades value in the angle units scale.
TOGGLE : from hexacontades into binary radians in the other way around.
angle from binary radian to hexacontade Conversion Results:
Enter a New binary radian Amount of angle to Convert From
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CONVERT : between other angle measuring units - complete list.
Conversion calculator for webmasters.
Convert angle measuring units between binary radian (brad) and hexacontades (1/60 of turn) but in the other reverse direction from hexacontades into binary radians.
conversion result for angle:
1 binary radian brad = 0.23 hexacontades 1/60 of turn
Converter type: angle units
This online angle from brad into 1/60 of turn converter is a handy tool not just for certified or experienced professionals.
0.23 1/60 of turn is converted to 1 of what?
The hexacontades unit number 0.23 1/60 of turn converts to 1 brad, one binary radian. It is the EQUAL angle value of 1 binary radian but in the hexacontades angle unit alternative.
How to convert 2 binary radians (brad) into hexacontades (1/60 of turn)? Is there a calculation formula?
0.234375 * 2 (or divide it by / 0.5)
1 brad =? 1/60 of turn
1 brad = 0.23 1/60 of turn
Other applications for this angle calculator...
1. in practicing binary radians and hexacontades ( brad vs. 1/60 of turn ) values exchange.
2. for conversion factors training exercises between unit pairs.
3. work with angle's values and properties.
International unit symbols for these two angle measurements are:
1/60 of turn
One binary radian of angle converted to hexacontade equals to 0.23 1/60 of turn
How many hexacontades of angle are in 1 binary radian? The answer is: The change of 1 brad ( binary radian ) unit of angle measure equals = to 0.23 1/60 of turn ( hexacontade ) as the equivalent measure for the same angle type.
Conversion for how many hexacontades ( 1/60 of turn ) of angle are contained in a binary radian ( 1 brad ). Or, how much in hexacontades of angle is in 1 binary radian? To link to this angle binary radian to hexacontades online converter simply cut and paste the following.
The link to this tool will appear as: angle from binary radian (brad) to hexacontades (1/60 of turn) conversion.


text:
A project known as the gTar is creating a buzz surrounding its implementation of traditional musical learning with the use of Apple's iPhone.
Users embed an iPhone into the guitar's dock, and with the help of an accompanying app, the neck of the guitar will light up with interactive LED's along the fretboard.
The illuminated lights represent the sequence of notes required to play a particular song of choice, and the app features three different difficulty levels to suit the user's knowledge and skill.
The app also features a wide range of existing tracks, allowing players to select songs that they are more familiar with.
The instrument aims to simplify the steep learning curve of learning guitar, and is using a Kickstarter page to promote the project. The retail price for the guitar is $450 (R3,714.50*).


text:
Nonlinear Rayleigh waves propagating in a substrate coated with a thin elastic film are studied numerically. The evolution model consists of the nonlinear spectral equations of Zabolotskaya [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 91, 2569-2575 (1992)] augmented ad hoc to include film dispersion. The dispersion relation is obtained from linear theory but is otherwise exact. Both loading and stiffening films are considered. Computations are performed for nonlinear evolution of an initially sinusoidal Rayleigh wave under three distinct dispersion regimes corresponding to different film thicknesses. The validity of the evolution model is also examined.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)
- Acoustics and Ultrasonics


text:
Apple says that the random shutdown issue plaguing some iPhone 6s models may be more widespread than first believed.
The company originally said it affected a small number of devices manufactured between September and October 2015. Apple is now saying that the issue is more wide spread than originally expected and that an iOS update is on the way.
In a support document that isn't published in English yet, Apple says that it needs more diagnostic data to figure out the cause of the issue. It says that a software fix may be a possibility for devices that were outside of the original batch.
Outside the affected batch, a small number of customers reported an unexpected shutdown. Some of these shutdowns may be normal, because the iPhone will shut down to protect its electronic components. To gather more information, we will add an additional diagnostic feature to the iOS software update that is released next week. This feature collects a variety of information in the coming weeks that may help us improve algorithms for managing battery performance and shutdown operations. If such improvements can be achieved, we will deliver them through further software updates.
Late last month Apple launched a free repair program for devices with certain serial numbers, but it now appears that devices outside of the initial batch are being affected.


text: Factors shaping competitiveness of agriculture. Impact of situation on external markets on the Polish agri-food sector. Analysis of the effects of selected instruments of public policy on the structural changes in agriculture and rural areas. Competitiveness of sustainable agriculture. Budget grounds for improvement of the competitiveness of the Polish agriculture. Changes in the socio-economic structure of the rural areas as a factor of competitiveness of rural areas. Competitive agricultural holdings in Poland: in the present and in the future. Development of exporting clusters in the context of international competitiveness of the Polish agri-food sector.


Behavior During Niddah
Behavior During Niddah
Behavior During Niddah
The time when the woman is niddah is a time of abstinence of all physical
contact. It is a time where the loving relationship between the couple
should find expression in non-physical ways, such as greater sensitivity
towards one another, consideration and giving. In addition to abstinence
from sex, the halacha dictates certain other practices from which the
couple should refrain, so as not to lead to temptation to physical
1. From the onset of a woman's menstrual period certain behaviors which
cause the couple to be physically or passionately close together are
forbidden. Not following these laws is very serious as it is expressly
forbidden to come close to those with whom it is forbidden to have sexual
2. These rules apply equally whether she is actually bleeding or is
counting seven clean days–they apply as long as she has not properly
3. When the woman is niddah it is forbidden for the couple to behave
frivolously with one another. Joking around is expressly forbidden. Of
course, the couple should not be cold or nasty towards one another.
Arguments should be avoided if possible.
4. Even the slightest physical contact is absolutely forbidden.
Additionally, they may not pass each other objects from one hand to
another, as that might lead to inadvertent physical contact. One should
also not touch the clothes of their spouse (while they are being worn)
when the woman is niddah. (There is no restriction regarding clothing
which is not being worn.)
In situations where it is difficult for the couple to not work together
(eg. taking the baby carriage down from an apartment, etc.) the couple
might hold the long object together taking maximum precautions that they
will not touch.
5. It is permissible to throw things from one to another. However, it is
commendable to be strict in this matter, and not to throw directly from
one to another.
6. There are those posqim who allow the couple to pass their child from
one to another when the woman is niddah, and there are those who
disagree. It is commendable to be stringent in this matter.
7. It is permitted for the couple to give one another gifts during when
the woman is niddah, even though it increases the emotional attachment of
the couple.
8. When the couple sits down to eat at their normal places they should
have a reminder on the table to remember that she is niddah. This is
similar to two familiar people eating milk and meat on the same table
where a reminder is used to prevent them tasting from one another's food.
A cup which is not being used may be put in between them as reminder or a
small bowl of fruit. If one uses a place mat and the other does not it is
also considered a reminder. Basically, anything which reminds them that
they must not eat from one another's plate is suitable.
Of course, this law only applies when the couple is dining alone.
However, if they are dining with other people there is no need for any
such reminders. Likewise, if they are eating alone, but on opposite ends
of a long table there is no need for the reminders.
9. He may not drink from what remains in her cup, since this is a sign of
affection. However, if the liquid were poured into another glass it is
permitted for the husband to drink it, even if he then poured it back
into the original glass. Additionally, if she drank half of the glass he
may fill it up and drink the remains.
10. If another person drinks from the cup after the wife drank, the
husband is allowed to drink from the cup.
11. If she drank from a glass and has left the room, the husband can
drink from her glass. He can continue drinking even if she returned to
the room, while he was in the process of drinking from her cup. This law
applies also if she turned to another side of the room and does not
notice him drinking rom her cup.
12. If a woman drank from a glass and her husband does not know, she need
not inform him. If, however, he knows that she drank from the glass but
he does not know that she has become niddah, she must inform him.
13. A woman may drink from the remains of her husbands glass.
14. Although ashkenazim are stringent concerning the remains of food of
the woman who is niddah, sepharadim allow the husband to eat his wife's
leftover food, without any restriction.
15. It is permissible for a man to use the same towel as his wife when
she is niddah. Their is no need for her to have her own special towel.
17. One should not kiss or play with a baby being held by either him or
her, while the woman is niddah. It is also better to be strict not to
feed a baby being held by the other spouse, unless there are extenuating
circumstances where this is necessary and the couple is careful not to
18. They should not light each others cigarettes since this brings
closeness. However, it is permissible for a wife to hold the Havdalah
19. It is permissible for the husband or wife to blow away lint or a
feather from each other's clothing while she is niddah, yet it is
commendable to be strict in this matter, if possible.
20. On a hot day they may not fan each other unless one of them is ill.
However, there is no restriction regarding turning on the fan or the air
conditioner for one another.
21. On a rainy day they may walk under the same umbrella as long as they
are careful not to touch.
22. It is permissible for the couple to read the same book together,
while the woman is niddah, provided they are careful not to touch.
23. A husband may not sit on his wife's bed even if she is not around,
and he certainly may not lay on her bed. If the bed is not specifically
hers, for example, at times she lies on it and sometimes he does, then he
may sit on the bed when she is niddah. She may lay on his bed while he is
not around.
24. The sephardic minhag is to permit the couple to sit together on a
couch even if it is soft and moves as long as care is taken not to touch
each other. However, it is commendable to be strict and not sit together
if the couple is on a pleasure trip while she is niddah.
25. It is absolutely forbidden for the couple to lie on the same bed
together even if they are fully clothed. Similarly, they may not use one
blanket. Strictness should be applied not to lay on two separate beds
unless the beds are separated, even slightly.
26. It is permitted to sleep on beds which are separated even if they
have a common frame. It is not necessary to put a divider between the
27. When a woman is niddah it is permitted for her husband to gaze at her
beauty while she is fully clothed, since she will be permitted to him in
the near future. However, her husband should not look at the normally
covered parts of his wife's body, while she is niddah.
28. A husband may be in the delivery room when his wife gives birth but
should not look at the normally covered parts of his wife's body.
29. It is permissible for the husband to hear his wife singing even
though she is niddah. This applies also to singing shabbat songs.
However, it is commendable to be stringent.
30. A man should be careful not to intentionally smell his wife's
perfume or flowers that she is wearing when she is niddah. However, if
she has removed the flowers he may even make a blessing on their
31. A woman should have special clothing when she is niddah, though
they may be just as nice as her regular clothing. This is so the couple
will constantly remember that she is niddah.
32. A woman may dress nicely and wear jewelry and cosmetics when she is
niddah, as is her custom when she is not niddah. Even if the husband
claims that it does not matter to him, if that is her normal way of
dressing up she should continue it when she is niddah.
33. If the woman normally works in the house she may do all of her
normal household chores, even those specifically done for her husband,
even in his presence. For example, she may cook or bake for him, set the
table or serve him food. Excluded from this is serving him glass of wine,
which is absolutely forbidden, unless it is done in a different way than
normal, like serving with the left hand. All other liquids may be poured
and served in the normal way.
34. Likewise, the husband may serve his wife food and make her coffee
etc. However, he should not serve her wine unless it is done in an
unusual way.
36. Although wine may not be poured or served, the Kiddush cup may be
passed around in the usual manner with the wife who is niddah drinking
from the cup directly after her husband.
37. She may not make his bed in front of him since this may be construed
as a