text:
The workshop below was written by Kathryn Hurley at Google and is a brilliant guide to how to get started with Fusion tables.
Fusion Tables is a modern data management web application making it easy to host, manage, collaborate on, visualize, and publish data tables online. Follow the steps below to upload your own data to Fusion Tables and create a map!
Embed Map Visualization in web page
Google Maps API Fusion Tables Layer
- Download the zip file here: zip.
- Unzip. Zip file includes:
- population.csv – Population data for zip codes around the bay area
- embedded_map.html – Basic HTML page
- Go to Google Docs
- If you have not already created a Google account, create a Google account and then sign in
- Select Create -> Table (Beta)
- Click Choose File.
- Browse to find the population.csv file.
- Click Next >>.
- Click Next >> again.
- Update the Table name to Bay Area Population. Add any attribution data and/or change the description.
- Click Finish.
- The file will upload to Fusion Tables. Here's an example of what the table will look like in Fusion Tables:_URL_
Now that you have the Bay Area population data in Fusion Tables, we're going to merge with a table containing the zip code boundaries. Fusion Tables has special handling for KML (Keyhole Markup Language) that is used to represent geographical features such as points, lines and polygons / boundaries. The table containing zip code boundaries has two columns we are interested in: one for the zip code labeled "name" and one labeled "geometry" where each cell has KML for the corresponding boundary. We can use these boundaries to represent the locations when they are put on the map, otherwise they will only be points on the map.
- Make sure you have the Population table open in your browser.
- In the Population table, select Merge.
- Paste the following URL in the Text box under Merge with: _URL_
- Click the Get button.
- Select the columns you want to merge on. Make sure the radio button next to Zip is selected in the left column, and select the radio button next to name in the right column. These columns both have zip codes in the same format. Merge works by looking for exact string matches in the selected columns and then linking matching rows together.
- Enter a table name for your merged table in the text box next to Save as a new table named. Suggested name: Bay Area Population merged with KML.
- Click Merge tables.
- Select Visualize > Map. You may initially see "data loading" messages. Wait a minute and zoom in or refresh to see the correct images.
- Click on one of the polygons on the map to see what is displayed in the InfoWindow.
Now let's customize the content in the InfoWindow.
- Click on Configure info window.
- Deselect all checkboxes except for the 2 next to Zip and Population. Notice how the HTML in the right panel is updated as you do this.
- Select the Custom tab.
- Update the HTML to the following:
- Click Save.
- Click on one of the zip code boundaries. The InfoWindow content should be similar to the following:94403Population: 37919
Now add some styling to the map to create an interesting visualization of the data.
- Click Configure styles.
- Select Fill color under Polygons in the left column.
- Select the Gradient tab.
- Select the radio button next to Show a gradient.
- In the drop-down menu next to Column, select Population.
- In the text box next to Through, enter the number 90900.
- Select any colors you want in the drop-down menus or keep the default.
- Click Save when done.
- The map will be updated with the new style.
- Click the Share button in the top right corner.
- Select the radio button next to Unlisted or Public. The visibility will be updated immediately on selection.
- Close the window.
- Open the embedded_map.html file using a Text Editor (please ensure Rich Text Format is off). This file is in the zip file you downloaded at the beginning of this tutorial.
- Go to Map visualization page for the example create above (if you have closed the window, find the table in your docs list at docs.google.com, reopen it and click on Visualize -> Map)
- Click on "Get embeddable link". You should see the following (your table id will be different):
- Select the text in the box "". Copy the text.
- Go to the embedded_map.html text editor and paste the select text below the line "Bay Area Population with Embedded Map". The file should now look like:
- Save the file and open it in a browser. You should now see:
- First, find the Table ID for your table. You can do this by:
- Selecting File > About. The Table ID is the value next to Numeric ID:.
- Open the map.html file using a Text Editor (please ensure Rich Text Format is off). This file is in the zip file you downloaded at the beginning of this tutorial.
- Find the line that reads:var tableid = XXXXXX;
- Replace the XXXXXX with your Table ID.
- Review the code. The code creates a new Map and a FusionTablesLayer to display on the Map.
- Save your updates.
- Open the map.html file in a browser. You should see your Fusion Table data on the map.
- Now, update the query sent to the Fusion Table Layer to include a filter. To do so add the "where" clause below, just after line 40 as follows:
select: 'geometry',from: tableid,
where: 'Population > 40000′
- Shape Escape: _URL_ Escape allows you to upload shape files to Fusion Tables. Simply go to shpescape.com and select the zipped shape file you want to upload. Shape Escape creates a Fusion Table with the shape file data for you!
- FusionTablesLayer Builder: _URL_ a few steps beyond the built-in "Get embeddable code" feature, FusionTablesLayer Builder generates all the code necessary to include a Google Map with a Fusion Table Layer on your own website.


text:
James Hoban: Architect of the White House and Presidential Letters and Signatures
Discover the man behind the White House and read the letters of the men who lived there through two exhibits:
James Hoban: Architect of the White House, an exhibit from the White House Historical Association and Presidential Letters and Signatures from the collection of Sheldon C. and Rosalind Kurland.
James Hoban, an eighteenth century Irish architect, was commissioned by President George Washington to design and build the White House. This nine-panel exhibition from the White House Historical Association looks at the many facets of Hoban's life and work.
Presidential Letters and Signatures features personal letters, documents or signatures of almost all of the presidents of the United States. Included in the exhibit are letters from George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, Teddy Roosevelt and Franklin Roosevelt, Harry Truman, Dwight Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy. This is a rare opportunity to see these unique and historical documents!

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


scdebug: The Sculptor debug program
The Sculptor debug program is called scdebug. It enables a compiled program to be executed in a controlled fashion, stepping through the program code line by line.
Breakpoints can be set, specifing points where program execution is to halt and control to return to the debug program.
The user can view the current function stack, or the current value of any field, including data dictionary fields, temporary variables and Sculptor system variables, at any point during program execution, thereby tracing program flow and isolating bugs. The value of a field can be changed at run time.
Multiple source code files are supported, and the user may move rapidly and easily around and between source files.
Debug settings, including breakpoints and a list of watched fields, may be saved at the end of a session.
Another aid to debugging Sculptor programs is the dbgmsg program, which displays user-defined debug messages in a table.
Command line syntax
Files and directories created by scdebug
Toolbar options
Program state
Watched fields
Terminating the debug program


text:
If the number entered at the prompt has a 'g' suffix (e.g., 123g), then Lynx will make the link corresponding to that number the current link, paging as appropriate if the link does not appear in the currently displayed page. The 'g' suffix is inferred (need not be entered) for form fields in Form fields are numbered or Links and form fields are numbered mode.
Alternatively, if the number is given a 'p' suffix (e.g., 123p), Lynx will make the page corresponding to that number the currently displayed page, and the first link on that page, if any, the current link. The 'g' and 'p' suffixes thus convert the Follow link (or goto link or page) number: feature to an advanced navigation aid.
Finally, a user may add a + or - suffix to a number command to indicate jumping forward or back relative to the current link or page. For example, typing 1g+ followed by RETURN will move the current link to the next numbered link, skipping any intervening pages or unnumbered links; 1ggoes to the preceding numbered link. On a page without links, 3g+ goes to the 3rd link following the page. 5p+ skips ahead 5 pages, and so on. You can also enter 5+ or 5-, which will activate the 5th link ahead/behind where you are currently positioned. Note that typing 1g+ is different from typing a down arrow in that 1g+ skips pages containing no links, or intervening non-numbered links, such as form fields when form fields are not numbered. It also differs from the command in that 1g+ does not skip over whole textareas, unless form fields are not numbered.
NOTE: 1+g 1-g 1+p 1-p are all recognized as equivalent to 1g+ 1g- 1p+ 1p-. Any other (mistyped) characters end the formula: e.g. 1gh+ is treated as 1g.
If the user has set Keypad mode to Numbers act as arrows, then only '0', rather than every number, will be treated as an F_LINK_NUM command for invoking the Follow link (or goto link or page) number: prompt. The '0' will not be treated as the first digit for the number, or number plus suffix, entry.
Numbers are associated with form fields only when Form fields are numbered or Links and form fields are numbered mode has been selected. If you have selected Numbers act as arrows or Links are numbered mode, you can seek form fields in the document via WHEREIS searches for strings in their displayed values. If they are INPUT or TEXTAREA fields with no values as yet, you can use two or more underscores as the search string, because underscores are used as placeholders for form fields in the displayed document.
When you have invoked a popup window for a list of OPTIONs in a form's SELECT block, each OPTION is associated with a number, and that number will be displayed in Form fields are numbered or Links and form fields are numbered mode. In any keypad mode, the F_LINK_NUM ('0') command will invoke a Select option (or page) number: prompt, and you can enter a number, and optionally a 'g' or 'p' suffix, to select or seek an OPTION in that list. If only a number is entered at the prompt, the corresponding OPTION will be selected and the popup will be retracted. If the 'g' suffix is included, then you will be positioned on the corresponding OPTION in the list, paging through the list if necessary, but it will not be treated as selected unless you enter the ACTIVATE (RETURN or right-arrow) command when positioned on the OPTION. For purposes of paging (e.g., in conjunction with the 'p' suffix), a page is defined as the number of OPTIONs displayed within the vertical dimension of the popup window. Finally, the + and - suffixes can be used to move forward or back from the current option or page in a popup menu, similarly to the way they are used for links For example, while viewing a popup window, the user can type 3p+ and RETURN to skip ahead 3 pages, and 50gwill move the current selection back 50 options. This will work whether or not keypad mode is Form fields are numbered or Links and form fields are numbered since options are numbered internally. If form field numbering is turned off, the option numbers won't appear on screen, but the user can still navigate using these commands.
Note that HTML can be structured so that it includes hidden links, i.e., without a visible link name intended for ACTIVATE-ing the link. Such links may be created, for example, by making an IMG element the sole content of an Anchor element, and including an ALT="" attribute name/value pair to suppress access to the link when the browser does not have support for image handling available. They also can be created by having truly empty Anchor content, in cases for which the value of an Anchor's HREF attribute is intended as a navigation aid for robots (typically indexers) and not as content for a browser's rendition of the document. With the -ismap command line switch, Lynx will additionally treat a link to a server-side image maps as hidden if there also is a client-side map for the same image. Finally, in some cases links that are not intended to be hidden may effectively become hidden links because of bad HTML. The hidden links differ from Anchors that have only a NAME or ID attribute name/value pair (intended as positioning targets from other links which do have HREF attributes and values that include a fragment).
Lynx respects instructions for hidden links and normally does not include them in the rendition of the document. However, if the command line switch -hiddenlinks=merge is used, such links will still be numbered in sequence with other links which are not hidden, and if Links are numbered mode is also on, link numbers will appear for them in the displayed text (except for links to image maps which are hidden because of -ismap). If -hiddenlinks=listonly or -hiddenlinks=ignore is in effect, hidden links will not be shown in the text even in links are numbered mode. Not using a -hiddenlinks flag at all is equivalent to -hiddenlinks=listonly.
If a document includes hidden links, they will be reported, with appropriate labeling, in the menus created for the LIST ('l') or ADDRLIST ('A') commands, unless -hiddenlinks=ignore is used. They can then be ACTIVATE-ed via those menus. Also, if a link was hidden because of an ALT attribute in an IMG element, it will be converted to a visible link whenever the IMAGE_TOGGLE ('*') command is used to create links for SRC attribute values of IMG elements, because this indicates that the user does have some form of image handling enabled via a helper application, or wishes to download files for subsequent use with a graphic browser or other suitable software.
HTML forms also may have fields with a HIDDEN attribute, indicating that a name/value pair for the fields should be included in the content submitted for the form, but the value should not be displayed in the rendered form. Lynx respects this attribute as well, and neither displays the HIDDEN field, nor assigns it a number for the F_LINK_NUM ('0') command and Form fields are numbered or Links and form fields are numbered keypad mode handling, nor includes an entry for it in the menus created for the LIST ('l') or ADDRLIST ('A') commands. However, the HIDDEN name/value pairs are included in any displays of submitted form content in the Information about the current document that is invoked by the INFO ('=') command.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Get Seconds from timestamp in Python-Pandas
 - Last Updated : 28 Jul, 2021
In this program our task is to create a program in python which will extract seconds from a given timestamp. We will use the s attribute of the DataTime object to extract the second.
Example : If we have a data frame that contains 5 different time stamps such as:

Timestamp
2012-12-11 04:12:01
2013-10-13 04:12:04
2014-12-14 04:12:05
2015-11-15 04:12:06
2016-10-15 04:12:07
And our task is to extract that seconds from given timestamps. So the output here will be:

 Attention geek! Strengthen your foundations with the Python Programming Foundation Course and learn the basics.
To begin with, your interview preparations Enhance your Data Structures concepts with the Python DS Course. And to begin with your Machine Learning Journey, join the Machine Learning - Basic Level Course
seconds
1
4
5
6
7
Example 1 :

Python3
# importing the module
import pandas as pd

# generating 10 timestamp starting from '2016-10-10 09:21:12'
date1 = pd.Series(pd.date_range('2016-10-10 09:21:12',
 periods = 10, freq = 's'))

# converting pandas series into data frame
df = pd.DataFrame(dict(GENERATEDTIMESTAMP = date1))

# extracting seconds from time stamp
df['extracted_seconds_timestamp'] = df['GENERATEDTIMESTAMP'].dt.second

# displaying DataFrame
display(df)
Output :

Example 2 :

Python3
# importing the module
import pandas as pd

# generating 5 timestamp starting from '2020-01-01 00:00:00'
date1 = pd.Series(pd.date_range('2020-01-01 00:00:00',
 periods = 5, freq = 's'))

# converting pandas series into data frame
df = pd.DataFrame(dict(GENERATEDTIMESTAMP = date1))

# extracting seconds from time stamp
df['extracted_seconds_timestamp'] = df['GENERATEDTIMESTAMP'].dt.second

# displaying DataFrame
display(df)
Output :

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text: This study identifies the factors which influence user participation in community-based rural water supply schemes in north Kerala, using primary data. To capture the rate of participation, two forms of indices were constructed: one to measure attendance in group meetings, and the other to measure their influence on decisions. The relative importance of factors such as locality, group and household characteristics that affect participation were analysed using linear regression models. Of the three sets of factors, it was found that household characteristics were the most influential. The analysis shows that males actively participated in group meetings. Level of education and involvement of households in other local organizations were the other major factors affecting participation.


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cloudboard.vim : A cloud-based clipboard, copy text on a machine, paste it on another
 script karma Rating 0/0, Downloaded by 224 Comments, bugs, improvements Vim wiki
created by
brook hong

script type
utility

description
# cloudboard.vim
_URL_
中文文档 _URL_
A cloud-based clipboard, yank(copy) text into a numbered cloud register on a machine, put(paste) the text from the cloud register on another machine.
It uses GITHUB's gist as the cloud service.
# Usage
1. run command ':CBInit' to set up your own cloudboard.
2. visual select the text that you want to copy (otherwise all the current buffer), use command ':CBYank 0' to copy it into cloud register 0.
_URL_
3. open vim on another machine, use command ':CBPut 0' to paste the text from cloud register 0.
_URL_
### Cloud Register
The number starts from 0, you can use anyone you'd like, for example:
 :CBYank 5
 :CBPut 5
':CBList' to put the contents from all cloud registers into current buffer.
#### Auto Clear of Cloud Registers
When AutoClear is turned on for a cloud register, the content of the cloud register will be cleared automatically after its content is read by a 'CBPut' action.
':CBAutoClear 2' to toggle on/off AutoClear of cloud register 2.
### Cloud Files
Cloud files are named files stored in a GITHUB gist.
 :CBSave test.c to save selected range into a cloud file named test.c.
 :CBLoad test.c to load a cloud file test.c into current buffer.
 :CBRm test.c to delete a cloud file test.c.
 :CBListFiles to list all cloud files in the cloudboard gist.
Loading cloud files requires two requests to GITHUB, thus cloud register is faster to be used as a clipboard across machines.
Cloud files is better when the text is huge, especial in case of that you prefer to save them for long period.
### Recommended Mappings
 nnoremap <space>p :CBPut
 vnoremap <space>y :CBYank
# Installation
Your VIM must have python support, check it with ':python print 'hello''.
'Bundle 'brookhong/cloudboard.vim''
or
Just unzip the zip file to your VIM file path, usually to be ~/.vim.

install details

rate this script Life Changing Helpful Unfulfilling
script versions (upload new version)
Click on the package to download.
package script version date Vim version user release notes
cloudboard.zip 1.0.2 2015-04-30 7.3 brook hong Because that the token attribute is deprecated in some of OAuth Authorizations API responses, the plugin will require user to input token directly instead of fetching a token through username/password.
cloudboard.zip 1.0.1 2014-09-28 7.3 brook hong add commmand :CBList
add commands for cloud files
add commmand :CBAutoClear
cloudboard.zip 1.0 2014-07-29 7.3 brook hong Initial upload
ip used for rating: 54.145.220.120
If you have questions or remarks about this site, visit the vimonline development pages. Please use this site responsibly.
Questions about Vim should go to the maillist. Help Bram help Uganda.

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text:
The Belmont Hill Drone Club's inaugural meeting took place on February 15th. The club, started by Chris Brusie '23, seeks makers to build and fly drones on Tuesdays and Thursdays at 2:15 in the new Makerspace. The drones will be made using 3D-printing CAD software and students' knowledge of physics and chemistry.
Chris's passion for drones formed during his childhood when he built and flew them with his dad. He took an independent study about drones, where he is researching the science behind the machines. He planned for his study to "culminate in the creation of a drone club" so that he could "demonstrate what [he] had learned." Additionally, he felt that the multifaceted nature of drone building would be a perfect topic to explore in the club.
As the club holds its first meetings, Chris will be implementing the many ideas he has for its future. So far, he has formed a group of interested students who are looking forward to building drones and competing in a program called "Drones in School." This event allows schools to enter into virtual contests that culminate in a national race, a competition between the top thirty-two drone-building teams in the nation. Chris is ready to lead the team through designing and building various types of drones and can't wait for the "exciting and engaging experience" the competition will provide.
The "Drones in School" program typically seeks smaller and quicker drones more conducive to racing. Chris recognizes that "there seems to be a general attraction to bigger drones," so he is ready to branch out after the racing season. He aspires to create a large autonomous drone that can fly without the help of human guidance. Chris is excited to get his club off the ground so that club members can start preparing for the racing season and achieve their goals.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


The role of nurses in recognising and reducing vulnerability
The role of nurses in recognising and reducing vulnerability
Who this event is for
 - Everyone
Jane Ashley Lecture Theatre, Marston Campus, Headington Campus, Marston Road site
Professor Ruth Northway explores the nature of vulnerability and argues that nurses have an important role to play in its reduction.
Is vulnerability inevitable in the context of health care? Some groups of people (such as those with learning disabilities or dementia) are often considered to be particularly vulnerable but this should not be an inevitable consequence of belonging to a specific group. It can be reduced or even eliminated if we understand what it is that people are vulnerable to - and then work to reduce these factors and their impact.
You will learn about recommendations for change, based on the importance of nurses recognising and responding to potential vulnerability in a proactive way, and the challenges of such an approach for nursing practice, education and research.


text:
Conference paper Open Access
Surveillance systems currently deploy a variety of devices that can capture visual content (such as CCTV, body-worn cameras, and smartphone cameras), thus rendering the monitoring of the video footage obtained from multiple such devices a complex task. This becomes especially challenging when monitoring social events that involve large crowds, particularly when there is a risk of crowd violence. This paper presents and demonstrates a crowd violence detection system that can process, analyze, and alert the potential stakeholders when violence-related content is identified in crowd-based video footage. Based on deep neural networks, the proposed end-to-end framework utilizes a 3D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to deal with the (near) real-time analysis of video streams and video files for crowd violence detection. The framework is trained, evaluated, and demonstrated using the most recent dataset related to crowd-violence, namely the Violent Flows dataset. The presented framework is provided as a standalone application for desktop environments and can analyze video streams and video files.


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Visions Journal
Visions—Social Support
PDF | Vol. 6, No. 4 (2011)
In this issue of Visions, we examine the many faces and facets of social support. Social support—that is, being connected to others who care—is an important part of overall health and well-being. The positive effects of social support in mental health and substance use are significant. But is any support good support? How can we make positive changes to our social supports? And how do technology and online communities affect social support? These are just a few of the themes we'll explore.
Experiences and Perspectives
Alternatives and Approaches
Regional Programs
Stay Connected


text:
Bryna Name Meaning & Origin
Origin of the name Brenna:
A name of disputed origin and meaning. Some believe it to be a feminine form of the Celtic Bren which is from the root bri (strength, force). Alternatively, it may be derived from the Gaelic bran (raven)
Looking for the perfect name? Try the Name MatchMaker to find the perfect baby name for you!
Sister & Brother Names
Know a Bryna? What are her siblings named?
Name Lists Featuring Bryna
Contribute your knowledge to the name Bryna
- Comments and insights on the name Bryna
very unique, different. Not very common though.
- Personal experiences with the name Bryna
A store which sells handbags called Bryna Nicole Handbags named after a person named first and middle; Bryna Nicole
- Nicknames for Bryna
Bry, Brybry, BB, B, Bryan
- Meanings and history of the name Bryna
Variant of Brenna, used as a feminization of Bryn and Bryan.
- Famous real-life people named Bryna
- Bryna in song, story & screen


Take the 2-minute tour ×
When I do the following.. anything done to Person b modifies Person a (I thought doing this would clone Person b from Person a). I also have NO idea if changing Person a will change Person b after the linking. Due to my code right now, I can only see this in 1 direction.
Person a = new Person() { head = "big", feet = "small" };
Person b = a;
b.head = "small"; //now a.head = "small" too
Now if I do this instead.. Person a becomes completely separate.
Person b = new Person() { head = a.head, feet = a.feet };
Now this fine and kinda makes sense when comparing this behaviour to other things in C#. BUT, this could get very annoying with large objects.
Is there a way to shortcut this at all?
Such as:
Person b = a.Values;
share|improve this question
Can you give an example of what you're trying to accomplish with this? This isn't the sort of thing that's needed frequently. Maybe there's another way to accomplish your task. – John Saunders Mar 19 '11 at 1:17
It is called "deep copy", search for this. Your example is a very good one for why you rarely actually do this. The odds that one person would have the exact same traits as another one are quite rare. – Hans Passant Mar 19 '11 at 1:18
Note that the word "linking" is not used for what you're doing there. This is an assignment. The question header implies that the question has something to do with the linker. – steinar Mar 19 '11 at 1:22
Sorry about the terminology, I don't know how to properly define everything yet. I'm basically storing a bunch of settings in a object. Then another object takes those settings and builds itself from them. Unfortunately (for me right now), building the second object changes the first object because of this behavior. Maybe I shouldn't be storing my settings in an object, but I don't know how else to do it because of how complex it is. – PiZzL3 Mar 19 '11 at 1:30
This isn't a link at all. They're the same object. You've got two references to the same object. – John Saunders Mar 19 '11 at 1:30
add comment
5 Answers
up vote 9 down vote accepted
Is there a way to shortcut this at all?
No, not really. You'll need to make a new instance in order to avoid the original from affecting the "copy". There are a couple of options for this:
 1. If your type is a struct, not a class, it will be copied by value (instead of just copying the reference to the instance). This will give it the semantics you're describing, but has many other side effects that tend to be less than desirable, and is not recommended for any mutable type (which this obviously is, or this wouldn't be an issue!)
 2. Implement a "cloning" mechanism on your types. This can be ICloneable or even just a constructor that takes an instance and copies values from it.
 3. Use reflection, MemberwiseClone, or similar to copy all values across, so you don't have to write the code to do this. This has potential problems, especially if you have fields containing non-simple types.
share|improve this answer
Thanks, that sums it up nicely. I think I'll have to figure out a different way to store my data or make a special constructor. – PiZzL3 Mar 19 '11 at 2:11
add comment
What you are looking is for a Cloning. You will need to Implement IClonable and then do the Cloning.
class Person() : ICloneable
 public string head;
 public string feet;
 _TAG_ ICloneable Members
 public object Clone()
 return this.MemberwiseClone();
Then You can simply call the Clone method to do a ShallowCopy (In this particular Case also a DeepCopy)
Person b = (Person) a.Clone();
You can use the MemberwiseClone method of the Object class to do the cloning.
share|improve this answer
Do not use IClonable: blogs.msdn.com/b/brada/archive/2003/04/09/49935.aspx – Robert Levy Mar 19 '11 at 1:26
_USER_ Levy: I know the difference arise between Shallow Copy and Deep Copy, when you have Reference type of members in the class. – Shekhar_Pro Mar 19 '11 at 1:32
add comment
a and b are just two references to the same Person object. They both essentially hold the address of the Person.
There is a ICloneable interface, though relatively few classes support it. With this, you would write:
Person b = a.Clone();
Then, b would be an entirely separate Person.
You could also implement a copy constructor:
public Person(Person src)
 //...
There is no built-in way to copy all the fields. You can do it through reflection, but there would be a performance penalty.
share|improve this answer
_USER_, 1. The difference between deep copy and shallow copy is irrelevant here, because the class only has two fields, both with immutable types. 2. I didn't recommend ICloneable. I listed it as an option. 3. That is not an official guideline, just a discussion of a plan to add it to the official guidelines (I don't know if it made it). – Matthew Flaschen Mar 19 '11 at 1:37
it did make it to the official guidelines – Robert Levy Mar 19 '11 at 2:07
_USER_, can you post the official link, so I can see the details? – Matthew Flaschen Mar 19 '11 at 2:47
section 8.5 of the book (second edition) _URL_-Design-Guidelines-Conventions-Libraries/dp/… – Robert Levy Mar 19 '11 at 3:32
show 1 more comment
You could do it like this:
var jss = new JavaScriptSerializer();
var b = jss.Deserialize(jss.Serialize(a));
For deep cloning you may want to take a look at this answer: _URL_
share|improve this answer
add comment
This happens because "Person" is a class, so it is passed by reference. In the statement "b = a" you are just copying a reference to the one and only "Person" instance that you created with the keyword new.
The easiest way to have the behavior that you are looking for is to use a "value type".
Just change the Person declaration from
class Person
struct Person
share|improve this answer
This just makes it harder to have a class. 'Cannot have instance initalizers in structs' – Bonzo Oct 6 '12 at 18:34
add comment
Your Answer


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I would like to use a type that behaves like a simple list of pairs [(a,b)] that serves as a dictionary, mapping keys of type a to values of type b, while maintaining a "user-specified", defined order of keys. (i.e. just as with ordinary lists - I would like to be able to "append" an item which is then recognized as the "last element".) However I would like random access lookup on keys with better than linear performance, i.e. what Data.Map provides. One option would be to just maintain an ordinary map in addition to a list of keys that defines their order:
data OrderedDict a b = OrderedDict (Map a b) [a]
and then define append operations, etc. that keep the two key collections in sync. It seems ugly though to maintain two separate collections of the same keys. Is there a ready-made data type that already combines ordered keys with efficient random-access lookup by key?
share|improve this question
Java's LinkedHashMap seems to do something similar: thread a list of keys through the map. Python's OrderedDict is simply a list of pairs, so they're no help here. – Lambda Fairy Jun 8 '12 at 4:07
What do you mean with "defined order"? Given two keys a1 and a2, is it a priori fixed whether a1 precedes a2 or is the precedence determined at runtime? – Peter Jun 8 '12 at 6:46
_USER_ I mean 'defined order' in the same sense as with ordinary lists - if I append a2 after I append a1, then a1 precedes a2 – gcbenison Jun 8 '12 at 13:54
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3 Answers
Take a look at ixset library - it allows you to maintain sets indexed by multiple columns (by a and by Int in your case). This is much more maintainable than keeping maps consistent by hand
share|improve this answer
Thanks - ixset is cool. I don't think it quite matches the bill in this case because it can allow inconsistent state (multiple entries with the same Int field) and it would require a caller performing an append operation to explicitly specify the index - something not required by ordinary lists. – gcbenison Jun 8 '12 at 15:13
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Unless I completely misunderstand your question, Data.Map does exactly this, using the key type's Ord instance for ordering. As it's a binary tree, the implementation keeps the keys ordered as well.
Data.Map.keys gives you the keys of a map in ascending order; as transformations, such as map, of a Map are purely functional the order of traversal is irrelevant, and all ways of getting a sequence of keys or key/value pairs out of a Map gives you an ordered list.
share|improve this answer
I believe gcbenison is asking for something like Data.Map but with the added property of preserving the order in which the keys are inserted. – dbaupp Jun 8 '12 at 7:05
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If you just want to preserve some fixed order (e.g. insertion time) in addition of having O(log n) lookup/insertions, you could simply use multiple maps and update them simultaneously:
 1. Map a b for storing the actual data, and
 2. Map Int a that gives you the i-th key in the order. (If you also need to query the index of a given key you could add a Map a Int)
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Witcher Wiki
Witcher Wiki
Witcher Wiki
the Armorer of the Order
The Armorer of the Order is more the name of the place, than of the individual. The "Σιδεράς του Τάγματος" himself comes from a long line of armorers. He and the "Order Merchant" run the establishment which can be found just opposite the steps leading to the slums of Βίζιμα's Συνοικία του Ναού, on Roper Street. Their main competition is Malcolm Stein.
They will politely tell anyone that they only deal with friends of the Order. Here is how you can tell if they will deal with you.
Έμπορος του Τάγματος[]
the Order merchant
The merchant sticks to mainly:
Σιδεράς του Τάγματος[]
the Σιδεράς του Τάγματος
The armorer, on the other hand, buys an amazing variety of goods:
And in a pinch, with some instructions and a healthy donation (70 oren(s) ) to the Order, the armorer can make a lightning rod.
Συνδεδεμένες αποστολές[]


text:
The number of houses that can be served by a water pipe varies directly as the square of the diameter of the pipe. A water pipe that has a 10-centimeter can supply 40 houses.
a) How many houses can be served by a water pipe that has a 40-centimeter diameter?
b) What size of water pipe is needed for a new subdivision of 1960 houses?
a) A water pipe that has a 40-centimeter diameter can supply 640 houses.
b) A water pipe that a 70 –centimeter diameter can supply 1960 houses.


text:
INDIAN CICADA DISTRIBUTIONS
Indian Cicada Distributions ("Distributions" in the tab menu above) will be the most interactive and data-intensive module of Butterflies of India. It will be based on the same concept as BirdSpot developed by L. Shyamal, but implemented online. Once this module is ready, registered users will be able to upload their cicada spot records or trip/regional checklists in a standard format, which will be entered in a centralized database after peer-review of the submitted records. Information from the database can then be used by anyone to generate distributional maps for individual cicada species, or to generate checklists of specific localities based on queries input by the users. The module is currently being developed. Until then, you can contribute images to species pages, which go in a database and are mapped.
Cite this page along with its URL as:
.. 2023. Indian Cicada Distributions. In Marathe, K., V. Sarkar, B. W. Price, P. Roy, and K. Kunte. Cicadas of India, v. 1. Indian Foundation for Butterflies.


sfDoctrineActAsSignablePlugin ============================= The 'sfDoctrineActAsSignablePlugin' plugin automates the handling of 'created_by' and 'updated_by' columns. Each time a __Signable__ object is inserted or updated, those columns are automatically updated accordingly to the user who saved the changes. Instalation =========== Install the plugin via the subversion repository by executing the following command from the project root directory: $ svn co _URL_ plugins/sfDoctrineActAsSignablePlugin or by using the default symfony plugin install command: $./symfony plugin:install sfDoctrineActAsSignablePlugin Usage ===== Add the desired columns to your schema.yml for the tables you want to be signed. You can use a string or an int type, the behavior will automatically detect the type and store the corresponding information depending on this type (for a string the username is stored, and for an integer it's the user's ID). # You can either set the type of a column to a string (will store the username) or an integer (will store the user ID) actAs: Signable: created: name: created_by type: integer options: notnull: true default: 1 updated: name: updated_by type: string Also you may use global behavior in your doctrine schema (default field value is integer): actAs: [Timestampable, Signable] Dependencies ============ There is no required dependency, although : * [sfDoctrineGuardPlugin](_URL_ will provide you basic but flexible and robust user management. Relations --------- The plugin is provided with behavior relations for __sfDoctrineGuardPlugin__. For created and updated options which are defined as active (__not disabled__) and __integer type__, __creator__ and __updator__ relations are available, respectively. This means, that if you attach Signable behavior (defined as mentioned above) to any of your model, you can directly access sfGuardUser class objects. For example, the _Article_ model is defined as follows: Article: actAs: Signable: ~ you can access the user who created/updated the Article (integer option is the default in the Signable): [php] echo $article->getCreator(); echo $article->getUpdator()->customMethod(); Example use cases ================= Here are some example cases when you may find this plugin useful: string user reference --------------------- The project includes a blog or a forum system. Each blog/forum post page needs to display the user who posted it (or modified it last time). The symfony forum screenshot last column shows LAST POST, user name is highlighted in red (__Singable__ behavior) and the timestamp is highlighted in green (__Timestampable__ behavior):![symfony forum](_URL_ "symfony forum") integer user reference ---------------------- The more advanced technique is to use an integer created_by/updated_by column (the default) to store the user's ID (need to have appropriate user table, e.g. [sfDoctrineGuardPlugin](_URL_ In this case you may use relations and fetch User object at runtime (which is very difficult if you store user name as a string). This option is very useful when developing a CRM or ERP system where data modification is important (could be combined with data versioning). Thanks to --------- Thomas Boerger, Michael Klein, Kary Leong, geoffrey: [The snippet this plugin is based on](_URL_ "Snippet").


text: Standards quality irradiance meters have been developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology to realize a detector based spectral irradiance scale. The design criteria and the optical and radiometric characterization of diffuser-input irradiance meters are discussed. The input geometry optimization is described for a broad-band InGaAs irradiance meter when measuring a 2856 K incandescent light source. The directional responsivity of the fabricated InGaAs and Si irradiance meters matches the cosine function with a maximum deviation of 0.15% within a 12 degree(s) field-of-view. Irradiance from sources of different sizes (incident beams with different f/numbers) can be measured over a wavelength range of 350 nm to 1800 nm.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.


Authorization with the Restricted Data Token
How to authorize using the Restricted Data Token.
Operations that return restricted data (such as Personally Identifiable information, or PII) are considered restricted operations, and require special authorization in the form of a Restricted Data Token (RDT). An RDT provides authorization to get the PII required to perform functions such as shipping, tax invoicing, or tax remittance services. You authorize calls to restricted operations by passing an RDT in the x-amz-access-token header when calling a restricted operation. This is in contrast to passing the LWA access token in the header, as you do with other SP-API operations. For more information, see Step 3. Add headers to the URI.
How do I get an RDT?
Unless you have a delegatee application (see Terminology in the Tokens Use Case Guide), you get an RDT by calling the createRestrictedDataToken operation of the Tokens API. If you have a delegatee application, you get an RDT from the delegator application that your application is integrated with. For more information about authorizing calls using the RDT, including delegating authorization, see the Tokens API Use Case Guide.


WordPress Deprecated Functions Hook
Deprecated Functions
There is a need to inform both theme and plugin developers and users of the usage of deprecated functions. In WordPress 2.4, a way to do that was added.
The following gives instructions on how to turn on the deprecated functions reporting, what hooks can be used for when deprecated functions are used, and code snippets demonstrating how all of this can be accomplished.
Normal Deprecated Function Reporting
When WP_DEBUG is enabled in wp-config.php, it will turn on the notices that deprecated functions were used. When WP_DEBUG is turned off or does not exist, then no reporting will be given.
This prevents the notices for everyday users who are uninterested in receiving these reports. As a consequence, only the users who actively enable WP_DEBUG will receive the information. Those users will not know to upgrade, unless they use a plugin which they download and activate.
The following code snippet enables WP_DEBUG and needs to be placed in wp-config.php.
define('WP_DEBUG', true);
Deprecated Function/File Action Hooks
When a deprecated function is used, the 'deprecated_function_run' hook is called. Whenever a deprecated file is included, the 'deprecated_file_included' hook is called. These hooks are actions and do not return anything. The 'deprecated_function_run' is passed the function and the replacement. The 'deprecated_file_included' is passed the file and which file replaced the deprecated one.
If the hooked function wishes to keep track of which deprecated function were run and how many times, the hooked function will have to do that itself.
Which function called the deprecated function or file is not known and is up to the plugin to perform a back trace to get that information.
Preventing the Notices From Displaying
When a plugin uses the above hooks, it could prevent notices from being displayed, even with WP_DEBUG enabled. It is then assumed that if a plugin hooked into both 'deprecated_function_run' and 'deprecated_file_included' that it would record and display the information in a more friendly matter.
To prevent the notices from displaying for functions, the 'deprecated_function_trigger_error' filter hook should return false. To prevent notices from displaying for files, the 'deprecated_file_trigger_error' filter hook should return false.
If a plugin does not have a way to display the deprecated function or file usage, then the plugin should not prevent the notices from appearing when WP_DEBUG is turned on. It should also make sure that the deprecated information is not displayed where any visitor can see it.


Skip to Main Content
How to Switch Between Google Maps and Apple Maps in iOS
People generally tend to pick one mapping app for their phones and stick with it, but there are times you might need to pull up another app on your iPhone—perhaps you need to CarPlay your directions instead of having the Google Assistant shout them out.
Neither Apple nor Google has given users a built-in option for quickly importing data from one app to the other, go figure. And while you can always copy an address in one app and hope that Siri "suggests" it as a searchable location in the other, or just paste it manually, there are a few other ways to jump between the two platforms. If you want to use one app for routes that use toll roads while using another for routes without them, for example, you'll want to switch between them on the fly.
How to go from Apple Maps to Google Maps (or vice versa)
One easy way to open a location in Apple Maps and have it appear in Google Maps (or vice versa) is to buy the Opener app ($2). Not only can you use it to quickly send addresses back and forth between your mapping apps, but it can also be used to open links from your web browser directly in their respective apps.
To use Opener to move maps apps, first install the app on your iOS device. Then, pull up Apple Maps. Enter an address, click on the result that appears, and hit the "Share" button. Next, select Opener next to the "Copy" option and choose Google Maps as your destination. The "other" mapping app will then load, with the address you sent front-and-center.
If you don't see Opener after hitting the Share button, you might need to swipe left until you see the "More" button. Tap on that, enable Opener, and give it another go.
To move an address from Google Maps to Apple Maps, just follow the same process. In Google Maps, enter to your desired destination and drag up on the information section at the bottom of your screen until you see the "Share" button. Select it, choose Opener, and then choose Apple Maps.
Managing one mapping app on a Mac and a different one in iOS
You can use Apple Maps and Google Maps on Mac, of course, and it's possible that you'll prefer one app on your desktop and another on your phone. Luckily, with iCloud and the Notes app, you can have both.
If you're an Apple Maps fan on your Mac, select your desired location and hit the information button in the top-right corner. Next, hit the Notes icon and save the note to iCloud. Open iCloud on your phone, select the note, hold down your finger on the map, and hit "Share." You can then use Opener to import the location to Google Maps.
You can also use the same trick to go from Google Maps to Apple Maps. Just select your desired location, hit "Share," and you'll be given a link. Paste the link into Notes, select it on your phone, and use Opener to go to Apple Maps, instead.
If only you could set a default mapping app on iOS...
Jailbreak your iPhone, and you'll be able to set Google Maps as the default navigation tool by installing MapsOpener. The free software defaults to Google Maps when clicking any map links, including those that directly link to the Apple Maps website.
Though MapsOpener only officially supports up to iOS 10, users have reported that it works just fine with the Electra jailbreak for iOS 11.2 through iOS 11.3.1.


text:
Animal colors board books
Printing paper: white cardboard
Process: four-color printing, rounded design, thick cardboard
Animal colors board books are suitable for children aged 0-5 years old.
Animal colors board books are designed according to the shape of the animal. The child remembers the animal characteristics by touching and flipping. Interesting drawing, vivid color matching, attract children's attention, improve reading cognitive interest.
High-quality prepress ctp system, providing accurate outlets, which is the basic guarantee of good printing result.


text:
Biography & Family History Add details
Joseph Asvanyi (1911 - 1997) was born on January 29, 1911. He was born into the Asvanyi family.
He died on May 12, 1997 at 86 years old.
Joseph Asvanyi's last known residence is at West Palm Beach, Palm Beach County, Florida.
This record of Joseph Asvanyi comes from the United States Social Security Death Index. According to information provided to the SSDI, this death record has been verified by a family member of the deceased. This data can be considered very accurate. What is the SSDI?
This genealogy of Joseph Asvanyi's history is a collaborative effort by the AncientFaces community Add facts about Joseph to connect with the people who know him. Some things we would like to know about Joseph's genealogy:
- Where was Joseph born?
- Where did Joseph die?
- Who was Josephs family?
- What did Joseph look like? Add some photos of their life.
Family Tree & Genealogy Add / Edit People
You can add or remove people from this genealogy by clicking here.
History of Joseph Asvanyi Add details
- Given name
- Asvanyi family history
- Last Known Residence
- West Palm Beach, Palm Beach County, Florida
Obituary Add details
There is no info regarding Joseph's obituary records. You can add obituary information about Joseph Asvanyi by clicking "Add Details".
Share your memories below with the rest of Joseph's family. We'll notify anyone else who is searching for Joseph of your message.
- Charles Cloutier
- Francois Cloutier
- Genevieve Moreau Cloutier
- Genevieve Cloutier Verreau
- Louise Cloutier Cauchon
- Jean Busque
- Paul Verreau
- Antoine Dorval
- Antoine Ignace Nadeau
- Genevieve Crepeau Dorval
- Romaine C Raine
- Joseph Berube
- Pierre Berube
- Augustin Goupille
- Joseph-Marie Cloutier
- Agnes N
- Genevieve-Eleonore Cloutier Belisle
- Marie-Joseph Cloutier Boucher
- Marie-Charlotte Lessard Cloutier
- Jacques Cloutier


text:
Birth Name: Moses Mosop
Born In: Kenya
Birthdate: July 7, 1985
Age: 36 years old (as of 2021)
Moses Mosop was born on the 7th of July, 1985. He is best known for being a Runner. He and fellow Kenyan Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot have both won the Boston Marathon. Moses Mosop's age is 36. Marathon runner who has won notable races like the Boston Marathon and the Almond Blossom Cross Country. He is also a cross country runner who won gold medals representing Kenya at the 2007 and 2009 World Cross Country Championships.
The 36-year-old runner was born in Kenya. He attended Marakwet High School and raced as a junior at the 2002 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. He beat the Boston Marathon record by almost three minutes in 2011 with a time of 2:03:06.
Moses Mosop is a Cancer and his 37th birthday is in .
Moses Mosop was born in 1980s. The 1980s was the decade of big hair, big phones, pastel suits, Cabbage Patch Kids, Rubik's cubes, Yuppies, Air Jordans, shoulder pads and Pac Man. During the Eighties, conservative politics and Reaganomics held sway as the Berlin Wall crumbled, new computer technologies emerged and blockbuster movies and MTV reshaped pop culture. Discover what happened on this day.
Moses Mosop is part of a Millennial Generation (also known as Generation Y). Millennials is a generation who grew up with computers, internet and social networks. Having been raised under the mantra "follow your dreams" and being told they were special, they tend to be confident and tolerant of difference.
You can also find out who is Moses Mosop dating now and celebrity dating histories at CelebsCouples.
While we don't know Moses Mosop birth time, but we do know his mother gave birth to his on a Sunday. People born on a Sunday can often rely on sympathy from others and generally have luck on their side.
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The 36-year-old Kenyan was born in the Millennials Generation and the Year of the Ox
The education details are not available at this time. Please check back soon for updates.
Moses Mosop's mother's name is unknown at this time and his father's name is under review. We will continue to update information on Moses Mosop's parents.
Like many famous people and celebrities, Moses Mosop keeps his personal life private. Once more details are available on who he is dating, we will update this section.
|REAL NAME:||Moses Mosop|
|AGE GENERATION:||Millennials Generation|
|DAYS SINCE BIRTH:|
The 36-year-old Kenyan runner has done well thus far. Majority of Moses's money comes from being a runner. CelebsMoney has recently updated Moses Mosop's net worth.
Zodiac Sign: Moses Mosop is a Cancer. People of this zodiac sign like home-based hobbies, relaxing near or in water, helping loved ones, and dislike strangers, revealing of personal life. The strengths of this sign are being loyal, emotional, sympathetic, tenacious, persuasive, while weaknesses can be moody, pessimistic, suspicious, manipulative and insecure. The greatest overall compatibility with Cancer is Capricorn and Taurus.
Chinese Zodiac: Moses Mosop was born in the Year of the Ox. People born under this sign are persistent and straightforward. They have a strong faith and can be seen as stubborn in their old ways.
Ruling Planet: Moses Mosop has a ruling planet of Moon and has a ruling planet of Moon and by astrological associations Sunday is ruled by moon. The Moon represents one's nurturing and emotional instinct. People who are born with Moon as the ruling planet are sensitive, nurturing, and usually have fluctuating moods.
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Moses Mosop's birth sign is Cancer and he has a ruling planet of Moon.
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Fact Check: We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us. This page is updated often with new details about Moses Mosop. Bookmark this page and come back often for updates.


text:
Read KidsOhio's new analysis, Columbus City Schools' Hispanic Population Increased over 20 Percent in Five School Years. Here's what you'll learn about Columbus City Schools' Hispanic population from this four-page brief:
- Historical enrollment by grade level
- Enrollment compared to the 15 other Franklin County school districts
- Students' poverty, limited English proficiency and mobility rates
- Students' math and reading proficiency compared to the district as a whole
- Students' graduation rate compared to other ethnic subgroups and the district as a whole
You will also learn about the top ten non-English, home languages spoken by Columbus City Schools students. In total, there are 79 languages spoken.


How to Create the Simplest Friendship Model on Rails
Engineering is about dividing problems into smaller partials. And then solving them with the best approach. As an engineer, I enjoy problem-solving.
In this article, you will learn how to create friendships on Rails. In the most basic form, this is far away from perfection. But totally working. You can find the GitHub repository link at the bottom of the page to dive deeper into the code. In the repository, you will also find very simple session management.
After reading this article you will have an understanding of friendships on Rails.
When you want to create a rails app with user friendship interaction, you have to decide what your final product will be. There are many different ways to form a friendship model. In this project we are choosing this model:
1-) Users are allowed to send a friendship invitation to other users.
2-) Users can accept or reject the invitation that is coming from another user.
2a. Accepting ->Will update a record column from false to true
2b. Rejecting -> Will delete the record.
3-) Unfriending will delete the record
We will have a User model, and an Invitation model.
Let's focus only on friendship details. The invitation model will have only three columns(by the way, keep in your mind that the Rails is always giving you 3 more columns by default: id as primary key, and 2 timestamps).
Those columns are: user_id, friend_id, and confirmed. user_id and friend_id are both referencing back to the users table(User model).
When I am sending an invitation to my friend: user_id will be my id and friend_id will be my… well, you got that! And confirmed will be false by default.
This means an invitation is starting to wait to be accepted or rejected at the moment it got created. When the invitation is rejected, the row is gonna be deleted. When it is accepted the row is gonna be updated, confirmed: from false to true.
Any record with true value in the confirmed column means that those two ids are friends now.
Any record with a false value in the confirmed column means that user_id is waiting for friend_id to accept/reject his/her invitation.
Let's run these three different commands on command line:
After this command we need to add
to our migration file. Right after this line:
Let's go to our model files, first: app>models>user.rb
Hold on there, I am explaining one by one…
Our user has many invitations. This means A user object will respond to the "invitations" call.
Our user has many pending invitations. Yes, try to stick with plain English, this will help a lot! This means the same thing, A user object should respond to the "pending_invitations" call. And we have options here. First option is a scope, this tells ruby to look for records only has "false" value on pending column. The other option is the "class_name". We are adding this because rails can't find the related class from the "pending_invitations". So I am telling rails "Hey, I want this call on my object and go look for this in that class". Rails going to the Invitation class and fetch all the records with specific user_id and confirmed values.
So what am I going to do with this call? On every users' page, I want to list the people who sent an invitation to that user. Very useful!
We have instance methods. And of course, we have a "friends" method. This will return all the friends of a user in an array. I am not proud of what I do inside this method, but it is working 😃.
In the "friend_with?" method, we are returning a boolean value.
This is useful when you want to do things with the logic of friendship. For example, show the posts if they are friends, don't show otherwise.
With the "send_invitation" method we are sending invitations.
With these very simple 5 interaction tool, we are done in the User model. Let's go to the second one, the Invitation model.
app>models>invitation.rb
Nothing fancy, in 4 steps we will go through this.
Every invitation belongs to a user. Plain English. Very tasty. Haha! Long live DHH! 😅 Long live Matz! 😅
After this point, as you realize, we have three class methods. Because I want them to be usable regardless of Invitation objects.
Starting with the "reacted?" method we are questioning if two of the given ids have any records in our table.
In some situations, you need to know this. For example, you want to show a button for an invitation and you have to know if the two ids have any record in the invitations table. If they have a record then you don't want to show the button because now you know something! Those two users are in either of the following phases:
1-) Some of them sent an invitation to the other one and waiting for a decision.
2-) They are already friends.
In both cases, we can't create another record. So we are hiding our button with the information that is coming from this awesome method ".reacted?".
Another class method is the confirmed_record?(..). We are using this method in the User model. This method is basically checking a confirmed record for two given ids.
The last method is find_invitation(). We are using this method to find the invitation record of two given ids. Useful when deleting a confirmed relationship.
Now we can run the migrations with:
And enter the rails console with:
You can create new users, send invitations, accept them with update methods, reject them with delete methods.
Furthermore, you can see the friends of a specific user, see the pending invitations, see the invitations that user sent, and more.
Well, I hope this helps you.
Keep in mind this is one of the many approaches.
There are more simple ones and more elaborate ones.
See The Project Repository
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text:
The largest insect known to have existed looked like a gigantic dragonfly. It is not known whether it is a direct ancestor of modern dragonflies but it is more directly related to a griffinfly. The largest of these was the Meganeuropsis Permiana, which could reach a wingspan of 28″ or 71cm. There are many theories as to what caused the creatures to get so big but one is that the early atmosphere on earth had 20% more oxygen than we have now.
How big is that? Well, it's gigantic. The largest dragonfly that currently exists only has a wingspan of 7.5″ so the ancient relative is nearly four times as large. Even in body mass, it was the largest insect. It was even large than this thing:
In fact, here's a to scale model of it on a log:
Well, at least it wasn't a mosquito!


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Recall a tranverse metric on a (regular) foliated manifold $(M,F)$ is a positive symmetric $C^\infty (M)$-bilinear form $g$ such that
1) $Ker(g_x)=T_x F$
2) It is invariant with respect to lie derivtives along vector fields tangent to the foliation.
I know that not every foliation $(M,F)$ admits such a tranverse metric, however, I would like to know some simple examples of when this fails. I do know that if the foliation arises as the fibers of a sumbersion, then it always admits a transverse metric, however I would also like to know some examples of foliations not of this form which DO admit a tranverse metric. Thank you!
share|improve this question
You can take a foliation of a 2-torus by lines of an irrational slope. – Ian Agol Feb 7 '12 at 3:48
3 Answers 3
For your second kind of example, consider the foliation of the unit $3$-sphere that is the integral curves of the vector field $$ X = p\left(x^1\frac{\partial\ }{\partial x^0 } -x^0\frac{\partial\ }{\partial x^1 }\right) + q\left(x^2\frac{\partial\ }{\partial x^3 } -x^3\frac{\partial\ }{\partial x^2 }\right), $$ where $p$ and $q$ are relatively prime integers. This has a transverse metric, but it is not the fibers of any submersion from the $3$-sphere to a $2$-manifold.
As for things that don't admit transverse metrics at all, you want a foliation such that the holonomy of the leaves (actually, it's enough to have one such leaf) is not compact. A good example of this is the foliation of the unit circle bundle of a compact surface of negative curvature by the tangential lifts of geodesics of the metric.
share|improve this answer
The holonomy group of any leaf is a discrete group, so what do you mean by compact? Did you mean finite? By the way, do you have a reference for this non-existence claim? Thanks! – David Carchedi Feb 7 '12 at 11:59
_USER_: Yes, the holonomy of each leaf is discrete in this case. If the leaf isn't closed, it's trivial and, if the leaf is closed, it's generated by a single element. However, that single element will not preserve any metric if it has a real eigenvalue of modulus greater than $1$, which is the case for closed geodesics on a surface of negative curvature. This is is thoroughly discussed under the topic of Anosov flows, which you should Google for a full explanation. The Wikipedia page on this is quite explicit. – Robert Bryant Feb 7 '12 at 12:58
_USER_: I am a little confused. The holonomy group of any leaf of any (regular) foliated manifold is discrete, by definition, since it is a quotient of the fundamental group. Are you speaking of something else? Are you claiming that if I have a foliated manifold $\left(M,F\right)$ and a leaf which is not compact (and I am working here without corners or boundaries) then its holonomy group has to have a single generator? If so, why is this true and where can I read this? – David Carchedi Feb 7 '12 at 14:14
Also, are you claiming that if there is such a non-compact leaf such that the generator of the holonomy group induces an endomorphism of the tangent space with a real eigenvalue with modulus greater than 1, then there cannot be a tranverse metric on the foliated manifold? Any references, or clarifications would be most helpful. Thank you! – David Carchedi Feb 7 '12 at 14:15
_USER_: You have misread what I wrote or aren't taking into account the fact that I'm talking about the particular example that I gave, in which the leaves are $1$-dimensional and thus are either circles or copies of $\mathbb{R}$. In the former case, the holonomy is generated by a single element (corresponding to the generator of $\pi_1$), in the later case, the holonomy is trivial, in this particular example. The claim about a generator with real eigenvalue greater than $1$ obstructing a transverse metric seems obvious to me, so I'm not sure what you are not getting. – Robert Bryant Feb 7 '12 at 15:55
Another (actually quite close) example of a foliation without a transverse metric: the stable foliation of the geodesic flow on the unit tangent bundle of a negatively curved manifold.
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Could you please give a reference for this claim? and also, why is that it does not have a transverse metric? – Camilo Angulo Feb 7 '12 at 15:51
By the corollary to theorem 4 in Kaimanovich's two page paper "Brownian motion on foliations: Entropy, Invariant measures, mixing" any foliation by leaves of sub-exponential volume growth must have a transverse invariant measure. An example of this is the foliation of the unit tangent bundle of $d$-dimensional hyperbolic space by the normal vectors to each horocycle (i.e. the strong stable foliation of the geodesic flow).
There is a $3$ dimensional manifold foliated by $2$-dimensional leaves without any transverse invariant measures which I think is due to Hirsch (I like it because because one can visualize it in Euclidean $3$ space easily).
To construct it take a solid torus $T = D \times S$ ($D$ a disk and $S$ the unit circle in the complex plane) and a solenoid map $f: T \to T$ which we take to be $s \mapsto s^2$ in the $S$ coordinate. Consider the foliation of $T \setminus f(T)$ by sets of the form $D \times \{s\}$ (each of these is a disk minus two smaller disks). Then identify the outer and inner boundaries of $T \setminus f(T)$ using $f$.
You get a compact foliated manifold (without boundary). Depending on whether the the $S$ coordinate of a point is eventually periodic under $s \mapsto s^2$ or not, the leaf the point belongs to can look like a $2$-sphere minus a Cantor set or a Torus minus a Cantor set. All leaves are dense.
The pasting you did makes is so that each time you want to go through a boundary torus you either square or take a square root of the $S$ coordinate.
In particular the holonomy along any curve which crosses the outer torus exactly once from the inside towards the outside is $s \mapsto s^2$ in the $S$ coordinate. Using this fact you can show there is no transverse invariant measure.
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text:
Within Corporate Finance, there is a focus area where management optimize their cost structure. There are several key measurement to identify business risk under the name of leverage. They use the term elasticity of one percent change in one variable with regard to unit percentage change in another variable. The most commonly used degree of operating leverage and degree of financial leverage.
Attached is a screenshot of how I derived the equation based on the definition.
In the end, the term degree of total leverage is defined as %change in net income over %change in units sold. Once should reach to the conclusion easily that DTL = DOL * DFL


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An historic bridge in Fulton County has been granted the distinction of being put on the National Register of Historic Places.
The Arkansas State Highway 289 Bridge over English Creek that is between Mammoth Spring and Saddle is now on the country's official list of historically significant properties, Arkansas Historic Preservation Program (AHPP) Director Frances McSwain announced Feb. 4.
The Pratt thru-truss bridge is an iron monster that takes a person's breath away as they approach it, but it is also architecturally beautiful with its serene, rural backdrop.
The bridge was built in 1929 by the Virginia Bridge and Iron Company to safely transport tourists across the creek as they went to see the large spring at Mammoth Spring.
The Pratt thru-truss bridge was designed in 1844 by Thomas and Caleb Pratt, according to the National Register of Historic Places registration form. Early truss bridges were made with wood, but this bridge is made from concrete and steel to carry heavy loads. The total structure length of the bridge is 153.8 feet with a Pratt thru-truss span of 122 feet.
"The Pratt thru-truss was a popular choice for bridges on Arkansas roads and highways throughout the early 20 century," according to the National Register nomination. "Since the bridge opened to traffic in 1929, it has remained in continuous use, and today, remains a vital transportation link in this rural part of Fulton County. It is also an excellent example of a Pratt thru-truss produced by the Virginia Bridge and Iron Company."
Other Arkansas properties that are now listed on the National Register of Historic Places include:
* The Mike Meyer Disfarmer Gravesite at Heber Springs in Cleburne County.
* The Earl Building at Morrilton in Conway County.
* Ridgeway Hotel Historic District at Monticello in Drew County.
* Southwestern Proving Ground Building No. 4 and No. 129 near Hope in Hempstead County.
* Ephesus Cemetery near Emmett in Nevada County.
* Little Rock to Cantonment Gibson Road -- Fourth Street Segment at Atkins in Pope County.
* Block 35 Cobblestone Alley and West Seventh Street Historic District at Little Rock in Pulaski County.
* Illinois River Bridge at Phillips Ford near Savoy in Washington County.
* Camden to Washington Road, Rosston Segment near Rosston in Nevada County.
* Dardnelle Historic District at Dardnelle in Yell County.
For more information on the National Register of Historic Places program, write to the AHPP at 1500 Tower Building, 323 Center St., Little Rock, AR 72201, call the agency at _PHONE_, send an e-mail to _EMAIL_ or go to the AHPP Web site at _URL_.


text:
A general theory is used to describe the correlation properties of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in a birefringent, linear, dispersive medium such as optical fibers. The theory includes the effects of frequency dependence of birefringence on all orders, and it is capable of providing statistical information about second- and higher-order correlations among the polarization and PMD vectors. We apply the general theory to study pulse broadening induced by different-order PMD and PMD-induced pulse distortion through the third- and fourth-order temporal moments (related to skewness and flatness, respectively). Our analytic results are in good agreement with numerical simulations.
© 2003 Optical Society of America
(_PHONE_) Fiber optics and optical communications : Fiber optics communications
(_PHONE_) Fiber optics and optical communications : Optical communications
(_PHONE_) Fiber optics and optical communications : Pulse propagation and temporal solitons
(_PHONE_) Physical optics : Dispersion
(_PHONE_) Physical optics : Polarization
Qiang Lin and Govind P. Agrawal, "Correlation theory of polarization mode dispersion in optical fibers," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20, 292-301 (2003)


text:
- Health Care, Drugs & Insurance
Benefits of ACRP Certification
The Association of Clinical Research Professionals (ACRP) offers a number of benefits for obtaining membership and certification.
- Globally accepted and recognized certification
- Shows competency in job specific skills
- Demonstrates understanding of industry
- Demonstrates understanding of GCP, FDA, ICH
- Exhibits professionalism
The mission of ACRP is "To provide global leadership to promote integrity and excellence for the clinical research profession."
You do not have to become certified to become a member, although you may find the benefits of certification are worth the additional costs.
ACRP is recognized by thousands of clinical research professionals across the globe. The certification demonstrates your ability to be competent in job skills specific to clinical research.
As the demand for clinical research professionals increases so does the demand for trained professionals who can demonstrate their competencies. The ACRP certification process ensures that research associates, study coordinators, investigators, and physician investigators have a thorough understanding of Good Clinical Practice (GCP), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines.
Recognition as a Professional
With a passing score on the exam you will have earned the title of a Certified Clinical Research Associate (CCRA), Certified Clinical Research Coordinator (CCRC), or Certified Physician Investigator (CPI), or Certified Trial Investigator (CCTI) . The most common testing is for the research associate (CRA) and the study coordinator (CRC).
Continuing Education Required
The certification is based on a combination of education, experience and testing. Having certification requires more than just applying and taking the test. You need to earn continuing education credits to maintain your certification.
Talk to the professionals you've worked with. Consider if the additional cost of the application fee, testing, and maintenance of the contact hours is worth the benefits described above. Another option would be to consider SOCRA certification, which is also targeted for research professionals.
- ACRP = Associate of Clinical Research Professionals, Inc.
- CCRC = Certified Clinical Research Coordinator
- CCRA = Certified Clinical Research Associate
- CPI = Certified Physician Investigator
- CTI – Certified Trial Investigator
My Other Hubs
- How to Write an SOP for Clinical Research
_URL_ There are a number of reasons why writing and developing standard operating procedures (SOPs) for clinical research is important. First you need to make sure you comply...
- How to Choose Between ACRP and SOCRA Certification
ACRP vs. SOCRA Clinical research professionals will recognize both non-profit organizations actively recruiting members: ACRP and SOCRA. The Association of Clinical Research Professionals, Inc. (ACRP) is...
- How to Advance as a Clinical Research Professional
It is never too late to consider a different career path in the clinical research industry. The multitude of choices is based on a persons experience level and education. The room for advancement and earnings potential is high in this field. Read mo


Jurisdiction and NCC agreement
Skip Navigation LinksEnglish > NCC > Jurisdiction and NCC agreement
What kinds of cases can be brought before the NCC?
A matter may be submitted to NCC where the following requirements are met:
 1. the Amsterdam District Court or Amsterdam Court of Appeal has jurisdiction
 2. the parties have expressly agreed in writing that proceedings will be in English before the NCC (the 'NCC agreement')
 3. the action is a civil or commercial matter within the parties' autonomy
 4. the matter concerns an international dispute.
Next, parties agree to take the case to the NCC (a chamber within the Amsterdam District Court or the Amsterdam Court of Appeal) and to make English the language of the proceedings. This is the "NCC agreement". The NCC agreement can be recorded in a clause, either before or after the dispute arises (see the Model clause).
The "civil or commercial matter" test is met where the dispute is related to civil law in a broad sense, as opposed to criminal charges or administrative proceedings. These matters may be contractual disputes, claims in tort, property disputes, or intellectual property, anti-trust/competition, technology, construction or corporate matters.
The following special types of cases may be appropriate for NCC proceedings:
 - A claim in a collective action, provided the Amsterdam District Court has jurisdiction based on criteria such as the domicile of one of the parties, or the place where the harmful event occurred.
 - An application seeking a declaration that a collective settlement is universally binding (including third parties), provided the agreement is connected to the Netherlands, so that the Amsterdam Court of Appeal has jurisdiction.
 - A claim to set aside an arbitral award that is filed in Amsterdam, provided that there is an agreement that the proceedings will be in English before the NCC Court of Appeal.
The "international dispute" test is broad in scope. It is met not only where one or more of the parties have their domicile in a foreign jurisdiction, but also where the dispute otherwise involves a relevant cross-border interest, such as shareholders, employees or revenue located in or linked to a foreign jurisdiction.
How can I confer jurisdiction and make an NCC agreement?
Parties may agree a clause that (a) confers jurisdiction and (b) records their agreement for proceedings to be in English before the NCC (the 'NCC agreement'). See the Model clause.


text:
Determinants of Technology Adoption: Private Value and Peer Effects in Menstrual Cup Take-Up
We estimate the role of benefits and peer effects in technology adoption using data from randomized distribution of menstrual cups in Nepal. Using individual randomization, we estimate causal effects of peer exposure on adoption; using differences in potential returns we estimate effects of benefits. We find both peers and value influence adoption. Using the fact that we observe both trial and usage of the product, we examine the mechanisms driving peer effects. We find that peers matters because individuals learn how to use the technology from their friends, but that they do not affect individual desire to use the cup.
Document Object Identifier (DOI): 10.3386/w14828
Users who downloaded this paper also downloaded* these:


text:
The Biography of Mary Anderson
by Laura F, Age 9
, Grade 4, P.A
The biography of Mary Anderson
Do you want to learn about Mary Anderson? If you do I can tell you all about the biography of Mary Anderson. She invented the windshield wipers and she was famous for that. When were the windshield wipers invented? In 1902 in a trolley car.
She was born on February 19,to John C. and Rebecca Anderson. Mary's father died when she was four. She had a brother in law. Also his name was G.P. Thornton.
She was born in Greene county Alabama,at the start of the post civil war reconstruction. In 1893 she decided to move to Canada where she established a cattle,ranch,and a vineyard. She was hired to make the windshield wipers to keep precipitation off the windshield.
She died when she was 87 in 1953, June 27,in Monteagle,Tennessee, at her summer home. Anderson resigned in Birmingham,where she continued to manage the Fairmont apartments until she died at 87 years old. Her funeral was conducted by Dr. Frank A Mathes at south highland and she was buried at Elmwood cemetery.
That's what I found about Mary Anderson who invented the windshield wipers. With the overview paragraph,childhood events,early life later life and concluding with lots of fact about Mary Anderson.


Vital Statistics:
Place of Origin: France
Group: Scenthound
Height: males 22-23 in., females 21-22 in.
Weight: 55-62 lbs.
Life span: n/a
Trainability: moderate
Good with children: yes
Good with other pets: yes with other dogs
What is the origin of the Porcelaine?
The Porcelaine is believed to be the oldest of all French hounds. Almost extinct during the French Revolution, Swiss breeders recovered the Porcelaine in 1845. The name Porcelaine is a reference to its shiny coat.
What does the Porcelaine look like?
The Porcelaine is an elegant looking dog, males are 22-23 inches tall, females 21-22 inches tall, weight is 55-62 lbs. The forehead is flat. The nose is black. Eyes are round and dark. Ears are thin, pointed and hanging. The tail is thick at the base tapering to a point. the coat is very short, fine and shiny. Color is bright white with orange markings especially on the ears. Occasional brushing is all the coat requires.
What is the temperament of the Porcelaine?
The Porcelaine is a serene dog at home. It has an independent nature and early positive obedience training will help avoid bad behavior. Porcelaines are friendly dogs, good with people, children and other dogs. They are not dogs suited to apartment living as they need space to run and hunt.
What is the Porcelaine used for?
The Porcelaine is used generally in packs for hunting all types of wild game. Porcelaines are very affectionate and make good family companions.
Possible Health Issues
No specific known health issues at present.
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Static Field Modeling of a Halbach Rotor
Model ID: 14369
This model presents the static field modeling of an outward flux focusing magnetic rotor using permanent magnets. This magnetic rotor is also often called a Halbach rotor. The use of permanent magnets in rotatory devices such as motors, generators and magnetic gears is increasing. The accurate modeling of a permanent magnets fields is important. This model illustrates how to calculate the magnetic field of a 3D rotor by modeling only a single pole of the rotor using the symmetry feature.
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Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin - Humboldt Graduate School
Career Day 2021
Our Career Day 2021 was the first in an online format. Although it was an experiment, it was a great success with around 200 participants.
Remember, "After Career Day is before Career Day".
See you in February 2022!
After the doctorate, countless career paths are open, but many doctoral candidates have little insight into potential professional fields. That's why we organize an annual career day for doctoral candidates, to which we invite numerous young people, most of them with doctorates, from very different professional fields. Within the framework of small discussion groups, doctoral candidates and young professionals can talk to each other: In what jobs do people with doctorates work? How did they manage to enter this field of work? To what extent was and is the doctorate helpful? What does every day work look like? This individual exchange is supplemented by selected expert lectures and information. This year, the Career Day will take place online.
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text:
- Is Catholic The first church in Nigeria?
- What are the 3 major religions in Nigeria?
- Where did Islam started in Nigeria?
- Was there a 12 year old Pope?
- How much is a Catholic cardinals salary?
- Who brought Catholicism to Nigeria?
- Who has the biggest church in Nigeria?
- Who is the first Nigerian Catholic priest?
- How many churches do we have in Nigeria?
- When was the first church built in Nigeria?
- Is Nigeria a Catholic country?
- Which church is the oldest in Nigeria?
- Who brought Islam in West Africa?
- Which church is the first church?
- Who is the first bishop in Nigeria?
- What was the first church in history?
- Which religion came first in Nigeria?
- Who is the youngest Catholic bishop in Nigeria?
- How old is Christianity in Nigeria?
- How many Catholic churches do we have in Nigeria?
- How many years does it take to become a Catholic priest?
Is Catholic The first church in Nigeria?
Peters, Ake Abeokuta, is the first church in Nigeria.
History teaches us that when Christianity first came to what is now known as Nigeria through the Portuguese missionary, no particular church was established before they left..
What are the 3 major religions in Nigeria?
There are basically three major religions in Nigeria. These include: Christianity, Islam and African Traditional Religion (ATR).
Where did Islam started in Nigeria?
Introduction. The spread of Islam in Nigeria dates back to the eleventh century when it first appeared in Borno in the northeast of the country. Later Islam emerged in Hausaland in the northwest and its influence was evident in Kano and Katsina.
Was there a 12 year old Pope?
Pope Benedict IX (Latin: Benedictus IX; c. 1012 – c. 1056), born Theophylactus of Tusculum in Rome, was bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States on three occasions between October 1032 and July 1048. Aged approximately 20 at his first election, he is one of the youngest popes in history.
How much is a Catholic cardinals salary?
Cardinals who work at the Vatican and live there or in Rome are believed to get salaries of about 4,000 to 5,000 euros ($4,730 to $5,915) a month, and many live in large apartments at well below market rents.
Who brought Catholicism to Nigeria?
Once a part of the Songhai Empire, Nigeria's coast was visited by Portuguese traders who introduced Christianity in the 15th century.
Who has the biggest church in Nigeria?
This is a list of the largest evangelical church auditoriums….List.Auditorium nameNational TempleChurchThe Apostolic Church NigeriaYear completed2011Capacity10,000LocationLagos, Nigeria29 more columns
Who is the first Nigerian Catholic priest?
John Cross AnyoguJohn Cross Anyogu (11 March 1898 – 5 July 1967) was a Nigerian clergyman who, on 9 June 1957, became the first member of his Igbo community to be consecrated a Roman Catholic bishop.
How many churches do we have in Nigeria?
16,300 churchesIn 2019, it had 16,300 churches and 3.6 million members.
When was the first church built in Nigeria?
1898The first church in Nigeria was completed in 1898. The Cathedral Church of St. Peter which is the first church in Nigeria, is located in Ake, Abeokuta, Ogun State. It was built by Reverend Andre Desalu Wilhelm.
Is Nigeria a Catholic country?
Nigeria has the largest Christian population in Africa though Christians are about 48% of the population. … Among Christians, about a quarter are Catholic, three quarters are Protestant, and about 750,000 belong to other Christian denominations and a few of them are Orthodox Christians.
Which church is the oldest in Nigeria?
Cathedral Church of Christ MarinaThere is a cenotaph erected as a memorial of him. It is popularly known as the Cathedral Church of Christ Marina, and is the oldest Anglican cathedral in the Church of Nigeria.
Who brought Islam in West Africa?
Mansa MusaThe most famous of them was Mansa Musa (1307-32). He made Islam the state religion and in 1324 went on pilgrimage from Mali to Mecca.
Which church is the first church?
According to the Catholic Encyclopedia the Cenacle (the site of the Last Supper) in Jerusalem was the "first Christian church." The Dura-Europos church in Syria is the oldest surviving church building in the world, while the archaeological remains of both the Aqaba Church and the Megiddo church have been considered to …
Who is the first bishop in Nigeria?
Samuel Ajayi CrowtherThe Most Reverend Samuel Ajayi CrowtherCrowther as bishop in 1867ChurchChurch of NigeriaSeeNigerIn office1864–18915 more rows
What was the first church in history?
Tradition holds that the first Gentile church was founded in Antioch, Acts 11:20–21, where it is recorded that the disciples of Jesus Christ were first called Christians (Acts 11:26). It was from Antioch that St.
Which religion came first in Nigeria?
Islam in Ancient Yoruba is referred to as Esin Imale (religion of the malians) as the earliest introduction of the religion to that region was through Malian itinerant traders (Wangara Traders) around the 14th century.
Who is the youngest Catholic bishop in Nigeria?
Francis ArinzeFrancis Arinze became the youngest Roman Catholic bishop in the world when he was consecrated on 29 August 1965, at the age of 32. He was appointed titular bishop of Fissiana and named Coadjutor to the Archbishop of Onitsha, Nigeria.
How old is Christianity in Nigeria?
Christianity came to Nigeria in the 15th century through Augustinian and Capuchin monks from Portugal. The first mission of the Church of England was, though, only established in 1842 in Badagry by Henry Townsend.
How many Catholic churches do we have in Nigeria?
The Latin and Eastern Catholic Churches comprise the world's largest Christian Church, and its largest religious grouping. In 2005, there were an estimated 19 million baptised Catholics in Nigeria….List of dioceses.Archdioceses9Suffragan Dioceses43Apostolic Vicariates2Parishes1,905 (2004)Diocesan Priests3,45211 more rows
How many years does it take to become a Catholic priest?
The seminarian stage requires four years of study in theology at a seminary. After graduation from the seminary, the priest serves for roughly one year as a transitional deacon. It typically takes five years from college graduation to ordainment, provided the priest has studied philosophy at the undergraduate level.


A couple of questions about custom layouts
I am trying to make a vocal score for this strange piece I'm writing.
my questions:
 1. is it possible to reorder the instruments only for a particular layout, and if so, how? (in this case, I want piano below the chorus in the vocal score, but not the full score).
 2. This piece involves looping, so some players actually are "playing" more than one instrument at a time. For instance, there's a piano part that is looped (digital piano), and then the player switches to bari sax. So they're both the same player, but I'd only like to have the piano appear in this layout and not the bari sax? Doable?
 3. The vocal section is relatively short, and at the end of a 9-minute movement. Is it possible for a layout to contain only an incomplete movement - a specified measure, range?
 1. Layout Options. Select the Vocal Score in the right panel, then go Players > Uses custom player order. Tick that, then move players up and down as you wish.
 2. Workarounds involve either using two separate players for piano and bari (this is by far the easiest), or copying/cueing everything from the piano into a separate piano player that only shows up in the vocal score.
 3. Not natively. Dump all multirests onto page 1, set page 2 to use the First Master Page, then throw in a text frame that explains where the chorus come in?
pianoleo you are my savior again - thank you!


text: The Guaicaramo Dam is a planned hydroelectric dam on the Upia River, in Casanare, Colombia. It is to be part of the Upía Hydroelectric Project It has a planned installed capacity of 1,750 MW. The dams designed to be 230 m (755 ft) tall, 850 m (2,789 ft) wide, and with 33,260,000 m (1.175×10 cu ft) of material. Designs were carried out between 1980 and 1983. An environmental study for the dam was carried out between 1989 and 1990.


text:
The viscoelasticity of a fluid was tuned with the Faradaic reaction of (11-ferrocenylundecyl)trimethylammonium bromide (FTMA), a "redox-switchable" surfactant. An aqueous solution of the reduced form of FTMA exhibited a remarkable viscoelasticity in the presence of sodium salicylate (NaSal) because of the formation of three-dimensional entanglement of wormlike micelles. Electrolytic oxidation of FTMA caused the viscosity of the system to dramatically decrease and the elasticity to disappear. This drastic decrease in viscoelasticity arose from the disruption of wormlike micelles. This novel electrorheological phenomenon is expected to be applicable to ink for inkjet printers, the electrochemically controlled release of substances entrapped in wormlike micelles of FTMA, and fluid flow rate control using electric signals.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Colloid and Surface Chemistry


text:
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In this experiment, high quality thin film acoustic devices were constructed utilizing zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film deposition, integrated circuit (IC), and electrochemical etch techniques. The bridge type ZnO thin film ultrasonic devices produced showed acute high frequency response sensitivity, with the high frequency response at 600 KHz attaining -124 dBV /spl mu/Bar. The highest response was near 8 MHz. Sensitivity increased in direct proportion to frequency, indicating that the bridge-type ZnO thin film acoustic devices were suitable for application as ultrasonic wave sensors at high operating frequencies. Further experimentation verified that the bridge-type ZnO thin film acoustic devices fabricated also had ultrasonic signal transmitting capability and signal bidirectional devices having both transmission and reception functions were successfully constructed. Therefore, bridge-type ZnO thin film acoustic devices will continue to be developed in the future due to the reliable control possible over the structural transformations involved; and, since IC fabrication techniques can be readily adopted in the process, the manufacturing of such devices will be greatly assisted.


How do we prepare potassium cyanide from potassium ferrocyanide?
It is something which I am curious about, but cannot find the answer. I am studying inorganic chemistry but this reaction cannot be found.
Until about 1900, potassium cyanide was produced by melting dry potassium carbonate with dry potassium hexacyanidoferrate(II): $$\ce{K4[Fe(CN)6] + K2CO3 -> 6KCN + FeO + CO2}$$ However, the product contains potassium cyanate, which is approximately formed as follows: $$\ce{K4[Fe(CN)6] + K2CO3 -> 5KCN + KOCN + Fe + CO2}$$
In a small scale, dry potassium hexacyanidoferrate(II) is melted in a covered porcelain crucible. It is heated as long as nitrogen escapes. $$\ce{K4[Fe(CN)6] -> 4KCN + N2 +FeC2}$$ The iron carbide sinks to the bottom and the molten potassium cyanide can be poured off.
In addition to Loong's excellent answer, I'm going to shed some light on the last process i.e. the decomposition reaction of potassium ferrocyanide.
Actual reaction is this:
$$\ce{3K4[Fe(CN)6] ->[\Delta]12KCN + Fe3C + 5C + 3N2}$$
The thermal decomposition of potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) to produce potassium cyanide, iron carbide, carbon and nitrogen. This reaction takes place at a temperature near 650°C.(source)
As always nitrogen gas escapes, iron carbide and carbon sinks to the bottom and the molten potassium cyanide can be poured off.
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