text:
Allowance for Funds Used During Construction
- (AFUDC)Construction activities may be financed from internally generated funds (primarily earnings retained in the business), or from funds provided by other external sources (short- and long-term debt). The allowance for funds used during construction is intended to recognize the cost of these funds dedicated to construction activities during the construction period. To arrive at the "allowance", a common procedural method makes use of a formula that is based on the assumption that short-term debt is the first source of construction funds. The cost rate for short-term debt is based on current costs. Since a utility plant is subject to depreciation, the allowance for funds used during construction is recovered in the form of depreciation from ratepayers over the service life of the plant to which it applies.
Energy terms . 2014.
Look at other dictionaries:
Construction costs — (of the electric power industry) All direct and indirect costs incurred in acquiring and constructing electric utility plant and equipment and proportionate shares of common utility plants. Included are the cost of land and improvements,… … Energy terms
AFUDC — Allowance for Funds Used During Construction U.S. Dept. of Energy, Energy Information Administration s Energy Glossary … Energy terms
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Fixed charge coverage — The ratio of earnings available to pay so called fixed charges to such fixed charges. Fixed charges include interest on funded debt, including leases, plus the related amortizations of debt discount, premium, and expense. Earnings available for … Energy terms
налоговая скидка на фонды, используемые в процессе строительства — (напр. экологически чистых энергетических объектов) [А.С.Гольдберг. Англо русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.] Тематики энергетика в целом EN allowance for funds used during constructionAFUDS … Справочник технического переводчика
Richard Roach Jewell — (born 1810 in Barnstaple, Devon, England died 1891 in Perth, Western Australia) was an architect who designed many of the important public buildings in Perth during the latter half of the nineteenth century. Jewell was articled(trained) as an… … Wikipedia
Rod Blagojevich — For other people named Blagojevich, see Blagojević. Rod R. Blagojevich 40th Governor of Illinois In office January 13, 2003 – January 29, 2009 Lieutenant Pat Quinn … Wikipedia
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One Who Knows Me: An Interview
Anna M. Shields has written a marvelous book on friendship, literature, and history in medieval China. One Who Knows Me: Friendship and Literary Culture in Mid-Tang China (Harvard University Press, 2015) is the first book-length study of friendship in the Chinese tradition. Focusing on the period from the 790s through the 820s, it asks how writing on friendship both reflected & shaped broader transformations in mid-Tang literary culture, and it weaves together historical and literary analyses in offering its answers. To hear us talking about it for the NBEAS podcast, head over to this link.


text:
With time, our skin becomes dull and our complexion gets darker. Other than that, many people have lived their life with dark complexion due to allergic reactions or family genes. You should get benefits from the advanced cosmetic treatments that can change your overall experience in just a few shots.
In general, people consider this treatment as it is non-surgical and free of risks. Now, your next concern would be its cost and how it's calculated. In this blog post, you will learn all about Cost of Glutathione Injections in Pakistan as well as how it will calculate by including other cost factors. So, keep reading!
An injectable treatment that is used to inject with a natural liquid substance is known as Glutathione Injections. The substance is produced by human livers that have antioxidants. This agent will help to improve several body issues and make your look naturally smooth and bright skin tone. It is a workable cosmetic procedure that will give you amazing results. Also, it is FDA approved treatment that any candidate can have it.
What Do Glutathione Injections Do?
According to SKN Cosmetics, glutathione injections can fix many problems like dark skin tones, pigmentation on the body, sunburned or damaged skin tissues, patches or aging spots. Moreover, it can improve your overall health as well. The practitioner will inject you with glutathione through a drip, and it will be given to you according to the 600-1200mg. Moreover, it requires multiple shots for providing desirable outcomes and a brighter tone.
Glutathione Injections Price at SKN Cosmetics:
Generally, the cost of glutathione shots may vary from client to client as some people require a small quantity of these injections and some of them require more quantity. The cost will be offered according to the choice of the candidate.
However, the average cost range is 15,000 PKR to 25,000 PKR. This is a rough range that is mentioned to mentally prepare you for considering the treatment. So, it would be best if you visit our clinic and tell us about your expectation and we will calculate the cost according to your concerns.
Factors That Can Impact The Cost:
After knowing the actual Cost of Glutathione Injections in Pakistan, it is necessary to know that there are a few factors that can impact the cost of the treatment. A few common factors are mentioned below:
- If you are going to choose an expert practitioner who performs your treatment accurately, it will affect your cost according to his/her fee criteria.
- The location and reputation of the clinic matter a lot, if you have a well-known clinic near to you then it is best otherwise you may need to travel from one place to another. Travelling expenses will affect your cost.
- This treatment is an injectable method that requires multiple sessions to perform, the more shots you need the more it will charge you accordingly.
- There are some additional charges like medication, further checkup sessions or if you require other cosmetic treatments in combination with this treatment then it will affect your cost.
Furthermore, if you are willing to know more information related to its price and factors then you can contact us or visit our clinic anytime.
How Cost Will Be Calculated?
The cost of Permanent skin whitening injections are calculated as the practitioner will examine your skin tone and discoloration issues, ask you about the expectations and desired outcomes. After that, the practitioner will plan your treatment about how much mg quantity of injections and sessions you will need. These all factors will include after planning the treatment and then the overall price will be calculated and the practitioner will let you know about the estimated cost figure.
Therefore, undergoing skin whitening treatments like glutathione injections can give you satisfying and effective results in a reasonable cost range. So, if you are willing to get this treatment at affordable prices then feel free to consult SKN cosmetics for a memorable experience. You will get satisfying services and amazing results.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Pupils as young as seven are abusing teachers and making threats against them on social media, a new poll has claimed.
The study, conducted by the NASUWT teaching union, added parents were also using online networks to ridicule and critique school staff and to make allegations of inappropriate behaviour.
Those questioned in the survey said they had suffered racial abuse and comments about their sexuality.
One educator said a parent had called them 'a nasty teacher' and told them to go 'home'.
Another added: 'I had a video taken from the corridor while discussing a report card with another pupil.
'I was then accused of calling the pupil a bitch when I did not.'
The highest percentage of offending pupils were aged between 11 and 16 but some were as young as seven.
Many teachers were reluctant to report online abuse because they thought it wouldn't be taken seriously, according to the survey that questioned more than 7,500 people.
NASUWT's general secretary, Chris Keates, said teachers needed to be protected.
'Teachers are often devastated by the vile nature of the abuse they are suffering', she added.
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Definitions for danish pastry
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word danish pastry
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
Dan′ish pas′try(n.)
 1. a rich, flaky, yeast-leavened pastry, often filled with cheese, nuts, or fruit.
 Category: Cooking
Origin of Danish pastry:
Princeton's WordNet
 1. danish, danish pastry(noun)
 light sweet yeast-raised roll usually filled with fruits or cheese
 1. Danish pastry
 A Danish pastry, sometimes abbreviated Danish especially in the United States, is a viennoiserie pastry, of Viennese origin, which has become a specialty of Denmark and neighboring Scandinavian countries. Certain other countries, like the United States, commonly consume Danish pastries. It is called wienerbrød in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, Norway and Sweden. It is referred to as facturas in some Spanish speaking countries. In Vienna, the Danish is referred to as "Plundergebäck" or "Golatschen". Like other viennoiserie pastries, such as croissants, danishes are made of laminated yeast-leavened doughs, creating a layered texture similar to a puff pastry.
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text: Coke formation rates under propane dehydrogenation reaction conditions on a used monolithic Pt/¿-Al2O3 catalyst have been experimentally determined in a thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) as a function of time on stream covering wide temperature and concentration ranges. For relatively short times on stream, especially at low temperatures and low propylene concentrations, a remarkable initial quadratic increase has been observed in the coke formation rates versus time with a high apparent propylene reaction order. After longer times on stream the coke formation rate decreases to a constant residual coke growth above approximately 12 wt.% coke content. The experimental data have been successfully described by a kinetic rate expression based on a mechanistic dual coke growth model. In this model it has been assumed that initially coke precursor is formed via a propylene oligomerisation process, explaining the observed auto-catalysis for short times on stream.


How do Chumash Indian children live, and what did they do in the past?
Add your answer...
1 Answer
They do the same things all children do--play with each other, go to school and help around the house. Many Chumash children like to go hunting and fishing with their fathers. In the past, Indian kids had more chores and less time to play in their daily lives, just like colonial children. But they did have dolls, toys, and games to play. One favorite Chumash children's game was a contest to throw a javelin through a rolling hoop. Chumash kids also enjoyed swimming on the beaches. A Chumash mother traditionally carried a young child in a cradleboard on her back--a custom which many American parents have adopted now. What were men and women's roles in the Chumash tribe? Chumash men were fishermen and hunters, and sometimes they went to war to protect their families. Chumash women ground acorn meal, did most of the cooking and child care, and wove baskets. Both genders took part in storytelling, music and artwork, and traditional medicine. A Chumash chief could be either a man or a... more
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text:
Mission, Vision, Foundation Goals
The Foundation of Florida Virtual School is the philanthropic arm of Florida Virtual School serving its students, teachers, and support staff. The Foundation is supported by a volunteer Board of Directors.
Laptops for Learners - a community-centered laptop loan program to facilitate student success Professional Development for Staff – enriching staff learning opportunities
Awards & Scholarships - provide expanded educational opportunities, and recognition of excellence, for both students and staff
Mission and Vision
- Mission Statement
The Foundation for Florida Virtual School invests its resources to provide access to Florida Virtual School education for under-served students.
- Vision Statement
The Foundation for Florida Virtual School strives to ensure all students have access to world-class education and quality online learning opportunities that prepare them for a lifetime for success.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Memory Alpha
Zero-gravity combat training
38,268pages on
this wiki
Kirk employs null-gravity combat against Tchar
Kirk fights Tchar using his null-gravity combat training
Zero-gravity combat training or null-gravity combat exercises were a part of standard Starfleet Academy training.
James T. Kirk and Spock conducted null-gravity combat exercises together aboard the USS Enterprise a week prior to going on the Vedala expedition.
They later employed some of their null-gravity combat training during the expedition to combat Tchar, after he activated a gravity neutralizer in the Skorr temple, forcing those on the expedition to "fly and fight as a Skorr." (TAS: "The Jihad")
In 2373/2063, when the crew of the USS Enterprise-E found out that that the Borg that had infested the ship were outside on the hull building an interplexing beacon on the ship's deflector dish, Captain Jean-Luc Picard asked Lieutenant Commander Worf if he had remembered his zero-g combat training. Worf revealed it made him sick to his stomach. Despite this, Picard, Worf and Hawk went onto the hull to stop the Borg. (Star Trek: First Contact)
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text:
Wednesday November 18, 2009
The Fudan-Queen's Centre for Environment and Sustainability Research opened this month at Fudan University in Shanghai, China. The new centre will allow Queen's professors to work in collaboration with colleagues in China, helping the Chinese address environmental challenges in a sustainable fashion.
"With our partners, we hope to help move China along a more sustainable path," says Urban and Regional Planning professor John Meligrana. "We'll also provide more learning opportunities for Queen's students and gain a better understanding of the challenges facing our planet when it comes to sustainable development."
The centre brings together expert researchers from both universities, and other institutions. It provides research and educational opportunities for graduate and undergraduate students, and potential for hosting conferences and workshops related to environment and sustainability research.
The Queen's-Fudan Centre is the newest element in the partnership between Queen's and Fudan universities. Its creation recognizes the need for global cooperation to identify, assess and provide practical solutions to some of the world's most pressing environmental problems, especially as they arise in the context of China, the world's greatest emerging economy

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Finding aid prepared by Amanda M. Reeve
Willard Rouse Jillson
Geology of the Mintonville Dome
University of Kentucky Special Collections
Arranged by material type.
Collection is open to researchers by appointment.
62M78 : [identification of item], Willard Rouse Jillson Geology of the Mintonville Dome, 1962, University of Kentucky Special Collections.
0.23 Cubic feet
The Willard Rouse Jillson Geology of the Mintonville Dome collection contains the proofs and rough draft typescript of this book.
Willard Rouse Jillson (May 28, 1890 – October 4, 1975) was a Kentucky historian academic, and geologist who authored numerous books on Kentucky politicians and geology matters pertaining to the State. Jillson taught geology in Lexington at the University of Kentucky in 1918 and later at Transylvania University in 1947. He served in various government positions, notably as Kentucky State Geologist and director of the Sixth Kentucky Geological Survey. He died in 1975 and was buried in the Frankfort Cemetery in Frankfort, Kentucky.
"Willard Rouse Jillson." Wikiepdiea: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 18 January 2011. Web 5 April 2011.
The Willard Rouse Jillson Geology of the Mintonville Dome collection contains the proofs and rough draft typescript of this book. The proofs and typescript are annotated by the author. The book was printed by the Roberts Printing Company in Frankfort Kentucky, 1962. This book discusses the location of the Dome, the field work done while at the Dome, and other geological surveying done of the Dome.


U'} \simeq G_{U'}$ whose specialization at any $g' \in U'(k)$ is right-translation on $G$ by the corresponding point $g \in U(k)$. Suppose ${\rm{char}}(k) = 0$, so $U' = U$ and the composite morphism $${\rm{pr}}_1 \circ \rho:G \times U \rightarrow G$$ on $k$-points is the group law restricted to $U(k)$ in the 2nd variable. For any $g \in G(k)$ the right translation morphism $\rho_g$ carries $U$ to another open subscheme $\rho_g(U)$, and I claim that these opens cover $G$. It suffices to check the covering property on $k$-points, so for $h \in G(k)$ we seek $g \in G(k)$ such that $h \in \rho_g(U)$, or equivalently $hg^{-1} \in U(k)$. Pick any $u \in U(k)$ and let $g = u^{-1}h$. This proves the covering property, and the multiplication map $G(k) \times U(k)g \rightarrow G(k)$ arises from a morphism, namely the composition of ${\rm{pr}}_1 \circ \rho$ and the morphism $\rho_g$. We conclude (in char. 0) that the group law on $G(k)$ is induced by a morphism $G \times G \rightarrow G$.
Now we can deduce in char. 0 that inversion is a morphism (so we have a group variety), even though we never used the left-translation or inversion conditions. Indeed, the "universal right-translation" $G \times G \rightarrow G \times G$ defined by $(x,y) \mapsto (xy,y)$ between fppf $G$-schemes (via ${\rm{pr}}_2$) is a scheme isomorphism between fibers over all points in $G(k)$ and therefore is a scheme isomorphism (by fibral isomorphism criteria, adapted to the peculiarities of $k$-points when $k$ is alg. closed). This yields the morphism property for inversion for free! This was a char-free argument, but it required the composition law to be a morphism. Anyway, char. 0 is now settled.
Assume ${\rm{char}}(k) = p > 0$, so for sufficiently large $n \ge 0$ the finite flat $n$-fold relative Frobenius morphism $G^{(1/p^n)} \rightarrow G$ of $G^{(1/p^n)}$ dominates $U'$ over $U$ (namely, pick $n \ge 0$ so that the finite purely inseparable extension $F/k(G)$ is contained inside $k(G)^{1/p^n}$). Since the initial choice of $F$ could be replaced with a finite purely inseparable extension at the outset if we wish, we may therefore assume that $U'$ is open inside $G^{(1/p^n)}$. Using a covering and translation argument similar to characteristic 0, we arrive at a morphism $$m_r:G \times G^{(1/p^n)} \rightarrow G$$ that recovers the given group law on $k$-points via the natural identification of $G^{(1/p^n)}(k)$ with $G(k)$ (for some $n \ge 0$). Our problem is precisely to show that $m_r$ factors (in the sense of morphisms of varieties) through the $n$-fold relative Frobenius morphism in the 2nd variable.
Now we shall use that left-translations are morphisms too. At the cost of increasing our $n$ if necessary, we can run through the same arguments with "left" instead of "right" to arrive at another morphism $$m_{\ell}:G^{(1/p^n)} \times G \rightarrow G$$ which recovers the given group law on $k$-points (with the same $n$).
Returning to our task of checking that $m_r$ factors through the appropriate iterated Frobenius in the 2nd variable, since that iterated Frobenius is fppf (as $G$ is smooth!) we conclude via fppf descent that it is harmless to check the existence of such a factorization after precomposing $m_r$ with an fppf morphism in the first variable. So let's compose with the same iterated Frobenius in the first variable, arriving at a morphism $$G^{(1/p^n)} \times G^{(1/p^n)} \rightarrow G$$ that recovers the composition law of $G(k)$ on $k$-points. It suffices to show that this latter map factors through the $n$-fold Frobenius in its 2nd variable, but this factorization is clear: it is the composition of $m_{\ell}$ with that iterated Frobenius (as we may check by computing on $k$-points, since we're working with reduced $k$-schemes of finite type). QED
share|improve this answer
This is a very nice answer! – Olivier Benoist Nov 18 '12 at 2:41
Your Answer


If you've been reading the EF Design Blog you will have seen that we recently announced something called "FK Associations" for the EF in.NET 4.0.
However in.NET 3.5 SP1, we only support Independent Associations. What that means is that the FK Columns aren't available as Properties in the entity. Which in turn means you are forced to build relationships via References to other Entities.
For example, unlike LINQ to SQL, this is not possible in the EF:
product.CategoryID = 2;
Because there is no "CategoryID" property in product entity.
You have to do something like this instead:
product.Category = ctx.Categories.First(c => c.ID == 2);
I.e. you need to use the Category reference. Which means you have to have a Category in memory, or do a query to get one like the example above.
The problem is that not having a property for the CategoryID that you can set directly can be a big pain, and that is why we've added "FK Associations" and "FK Properties" in.NET 4.0.
All well and good, but as Julie Lerman has a habit of reminding me, what about everyone who is using.NET 3.5 SP1 today? Our new features don't really help today.
How can you set the CategoryID if it doesn't actually exist?
Trick question. You can't of course.
But you can achieve the same effect, with code like this:
 = new EntityKey("MyContainer.Categories", "ID", 2);
Looks a little complicated doesn't it, so let's break it down:
 1. For each reference "xxx" (like Category) the entity framework also generates an "xxxReference" property that returns an EntityReference. (EntityReference is used heavily by the EF to provide all the plumbing and services required for things like maintaining relationship consistency, and doing Entity lookups based on EntityKeys)
 2. One of the properties of the EntityReference is an EntityKey. We need to set the EntityKey to a new EntityKey if we wish to change the value of the Foreign Key.
 3. In order to create a new EntityKey we need to know 3 things.
 1. The value we want to set the "Foreign Key" to. To be consistent with the earlier code snippets that is 2.
 2. The fully qualified name of the EntitySet that the target Entity belongs to. In this case our target is a Category and we get Categories from the "MyContainer.Categories" set.
 3. The name of the Primary Key Property in the target entity. In this case the primary key of Category is the "ID" property.
Now obviously this is not the sort of code you want to write everywhere you need it. So lets hide this away. So...
How can you use this code to fake a Foreign Key property?
Luckily the Entity Framework generates partial classes for Entities, so you can simply put this logic in your own Product partial class like this:
public int CategoryID {
 get {
if (this.CategoryReference.EntityKey == null) return 0;
else return (int) this.CategoryReference
 set {
 = new EntityKey("MyContainer.Categories", "ID", value);
Notice that we use the CategoryReference in the getter too. This means that our CategoryID property is simply a view over the CategoryReference, which means that if the EF makes any changes under the hood we don't need to be notified.
With this in place you can write what we wanted all along:
product.CategoryID = 2;
And that can be extremely useful in lots of scenarios, for example MVC controllers and data-binding.
Extra Credit
This solution is essentially just a workaround that hides some of the limitations of independent associations, and like all workarounds it has limitations. The key then is to make an informed tradeoff between the benefits and the drawbacks. So here are some of the key drawbacks:
 1. Properties in the partial class are not recognized by the Entity Framework, so you can't use them in your LINQ queries.
 2. By referencing the fully qualified EntitySet name in our setter, we have coupled your Entity Class directly to the EntitySet. Now for most people this is not a problem, but it won't work if you try to re-use your entity classes between contexts or if you use MEST.
 3. There are probably more... I'll add them as I think of them!


Main Content
isStateValid
Check if state is valid
Description
example
isValid = isStateValid(validator,states) checks if a set of given states are valid.
Examples
collapse all
This example shows how to validate paths through an evironment.
Load example maps. Use the simple map to create a binary occupancy map.
load exampleMaps.mat
map = occupancyMap(simpleMap);
show(map)
Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with title Occupancy Grid contains an object of type image.
Specify a coarse path through the map.
path = [2 2 pi/2; 10 15 0; 17 8 -pi/2];
hold on
plot(path(:,1),path(:,2),"--o")
Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with title Occupancy Grid contains 2 objects of type image, line.
Create a state validator using the stateSpaceSE2 definition. Specify the map and the distance for interpolating and validating path segments.
validator = validatorOccupancyMap(stateSpaceSE2);
validator.Map = map;
validator.ValidationDistance = 0.1;
Check the points of the path are valid states. All three points are in free space, so are considered valid.
isValid = isStateValid(validator,path)
isValid = 3x1 logical array
 1
 1
 1
Check the motion between each sequential path states. The isMotionValid function interpolates along the path between states. If a path segment is invalid, plot the last valid point along the path.
startStates = [path(1,:);path(2,:)];
endStates = [path(2,:);path(3,:)];
 for i = 1:2
 [isPathValid, lastValid] = isMotionValid(validator,startStates(i,:),endStates(i,:));
 if ~isPathValid
 plot(lastValid(1),lastValid(2),'or')
 end
 end
hold off
Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with title Occupancy Grid contains 3 objects of type image, line.
This example shows how to validate paths through an evironment.
Load example maps. Use the simple map to create a vehicle cost map. Specify an inflation raidus of 1 meter.
load exampleMaps.mat
map = vehicleCostmap(double(simpleMap));
map.CollisionChecker = inflationCollisionChecker("InflationRadius",1);
plot(map)
Figure contains an axes object. The axes object contains 2 objects of type image, patch. This object represents Inflated Areas.
Specify a coarse path through the map.
path = [3 3 pi/2; 8 15 0; 17 8 -pi/2];
hold on
plot(path(:,1),path(:,2),"--o")
Figure contains an axes object. The axes object contains 3 objects of type image, patch, line. This object represents Inflated Areas.
Create a state validator using the stateSpaceSE2 definition. Specify the map and the distance for interpolating and validating path segments.
validator = validatorVehicleCostmap(stateSpaceSE2);
validator.Map = map;
validator.ValidationDistance = 0.1;
Check the points of the path are valid states. All three points are in free space, so are considered valid.
isValid = isStateValid(validator,path)
isValid = 3x1 logical array
 1
 1
 1
Check the motion between each sequential path states. The isMotionValid function interpolates along the path between states. If a path segment is invalid, plot the last valid point along the path.
startStates = [path(1,:);path(2,:)];
endStates = [path(2,:);path(3,:)];
 for i = 1:2
 [isPathValid, lastValid] = isMotionValid(validator,startStates(i,:),endStates(i,:));
 if ~isPathValid
 plot(lastValid(1),lastValid(2),'or')
 end
 end
hold off
Figure contains an axes object. The axes object contains 4 objects of type image, patch, line. This object represents Inflated Areas.
Create a 3-D occupancy map and associated state validator. Plan, validate, and visualize a path through the occupancy map.
Load and Assign Map to State Validator
Load a 3-D occupancy map of a city block into the workspace. Specify a threshold for which cells to consider as obstacle-free.
mapData = load('dMapCityBlock.mat');
omap = mapData.omap;
omap.FreeThreshold = 0.5;
Inflate the occupancy map to add a buffer zone for safe operation around the obstacles.
inflate(omap,1)
Create an SE(3) state space object with bounds for state variables.
ss = stateSpaceSE3([-20 220;
 -20 220;
 -10 100;
 inf inf;
 inf inf;
 inf inf;
 inf inf]);
Create a 3-D occupancy map state validator using the created state space.
sv = validatorOccupancyMap3D(ss);
Assign the occupancy map to the state validator object. Specify the sampling distance interval.
sv.Map = omap;
sv.ValidationDistance = 0.1;
Plan and Visualize Path
Create a path planner with increased maximum connection distance. Reduce the maximum number of iterations.
planner = plannerRRT(ss,sv);
planner.MaxConnectionDistance = 50;
planner.MaxIterations = 1000;
Create a user-defined evaluation function for determining whether the path reaches the goal. Specify the probability of choosing the goal state during sampling.
planner.GoalReachedFcn = @(~,x,y)(norm(x(1:3)-y(1:3))<5);
planner.GoalBias = 0.1;
Set the start and goal states.
start = [40 180 25 0.7 0.2 0 0.1];
goal = [150 33 35 0.3 0 0.1 0.6];
Plan a path using the specified start, goal, and planner.
[pthObj,solnInfo] = plan(planner,start,goal);
Check that the points of the path are valid states.
isValid = isStateValid(sv,pthObj.States)
isValid = 7x1 logical array
 1
 1
 1
 1
 1
 1
 1
Check that the motion between each sequential path state is valid.
isPathValid = zeros(size(pthObj.States,1)-1,1,'logical');
for i = 1:size(pthObj.States,1)-1
 [isPathValid(i),~] = isMotionValid(sv,pthObj.States(i,:),...
 pthObj.States(i+1,:));
end
isPathValid
isPathValid = 6x1 logical array
 1
 1
 1
 1
 1
 1
Visualize the results.
show(omap)
hold on
scatter3(start(1,1),start(1,2),start(1,3),'g','filled') % draw start state
scatter3(goal(1,1),goal(1,2),goal(1,3),'r','filled') % draw goal state
plot3(pthObj.States(:,1),pthObj.States(:,2),pthObj.States(:,3),...
 'r-','LineWidth',2) % draw path
Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with title Occupancy Map contains 4 objects of type patch, scatter, line.
Input Arguments
collapse all
State validator object, specified as an object of subclass of nav.StateValidator. These are the predefined state validator objects:
State positions, specified as an n-element row vector or m-by-n matrix. n is the dimension of the state space specified in validator. m is the number of states to validate.
Data Types: single | double
Output Arguments
collapse all
Valid states, returned as an m-element logical column vector.
Data Types: logical
Version History
Introduced in R2019b


text:
Two-Step Grain-Growth Kinetics of Sub-7 nm SnO2 Nanocrystal under Hydrothermal Condition
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2015
In this work, the grain growth kinetics of SnO2 quantum dots under hydrothermal conditions was investigated. By varying the reaction temperature and duration, SnO2 particle sizes were tuned from 2 to 7 nm. It is demonstrated that the growth behavior of subnanometer-sized SnO2 underwent two distinct processes: below the critical size of 5.5 nm, about double of Bohr radius, the grain growth kinetics obeys an Ostwald ripening mechanism, while above that, an oriented attachment process governs the particle growth. For the former cases, the activation energies were Ea1 = 61.94 kJ/mol at 200 °C and Ea1′ = 62.84 kJ/mol at 160 °C, which greatly differs from that of Ea2 = 131.32 kJ/mol for the latter case. High-resolution transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction as well as UV–vis diffuses reflectance, photoluminescence, Fourier transmission infrared, and Raman spectra were employed to reveal the size-dependent properties. As the particle size of SnO2 reduces, there occurred a lattice expansion, band gap broadening, and an abnormal blue shift. All these characteristics are closely related to the size changing in a narrow range from quantum dots to several nanometers. The findings reported here may shed light on further understanding the unique behaviors of quantum dots.


text:
NutriBoost 1 20 Liter (1/Cs)
Nutri Boost 1 provides stressed plants with the enhanced natural ability to correct roots damaged by stress, as well as create new roots. Nutri Boost 1 is blended as a replenishment to replace lost growth generating properties that plants lose during stressful periods. A healthy plant produces these boosters naturally to maintain growth, but stressed plants suffer a severe loss of their ability to produce these growth generators. Nutri Boost 1 will help create a strong new rooting system so the plant can regain its vigor.


text:
The rugged west coast of Scotland
in the kingdom of Dalriada is the setting from which came the Eagleshaw name. The name derives from someone having lived in the old Barony of Eaglesham in the county of Renfrew
(now part of the Strathclyde region), Scotland
, which originated in the 13th century.
Early Origins of the Eagleshaw family
The surname Eagleshaw was first found in Renfrewshire
(Gaelic: Siorrachd Rinn Friù), a historic county of Scotland
, today encompassing the Council Areas of Renfrew
, East Renfrewshire
, and Iverclyde, in the Strathclyde region of southwestern Scotland, where they held a family seat
from very ancient times.
Early History of the Eagleshaw family
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Eagleshaw research.Another 357 words (26 lines of text) covering the years 1200, 1239, 1200, 1296, 1300, 1323, 1335, 1616 and 1616 are included under the topic Early Eagleshaw History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Eagleshaw Spelling Variations
In various documents Eagleshaw has been spelled Since medieval scribes still spelled according to sound, records from that era contain an enormous number of spelling variations
. Eaglesham, Eagleson, Egglesham, Eglischane and others.
Early Notables of the Eagleshaw family (pre 1700)
More information is included under the topic Early Eagleshaw Notables in all our PDF Extended History products
and printed products wherever possible.
Migration of the Eagleshaw family to the New World and Oceana
Numerous Scottish settlers settled along the east coast of the colonies that would become the United States and Canada. Others traveled to the open country of the west. At the time of the American War of Independence
, some remained in the United States, while those who remained loyal to the crown went north to Canada as United Empire Loyalists. The highland games and Clan
societies that sprang up across North America in the 20th century have helped many Scots to recover parts of their lost traditions. Research into passenger and immigration lists has revealed some of the very first Eagleshaws to arrive in North America: Mr. Eagleson landed in Boston Massachusetts in 1768.


The Wanted singer Tom Parker has been diagnosed with terminal cancer at 32
Monday, 12th October 2020, 9:40 am
Updated Monday, 12th October 2020, 11:41 am
The 32 year old singer from Bolton shared the sad news on Instagram (Photo: Ben Gabbe/Getty Images)
Tom Parker of boyband The Wanted has revealed that he has been diagnosed with a terminal brain tumour.
The 32 year old singer from Bolton shared the sad news on Instagram, where he and his wife Kelsey explained that the tumour is inoperable, but that he is currently undergoing treatment.
What did Tom Parker say in his Instagram post?
Parker shared a photo of himself with his wife and 16 month old daughter, Aurelia Rose, alongside a caption explaining his diagnosis.
The singer wrote, "Hey guys, you know that we've both been quiet on social media for a few weeks and it's time to tell you why.
The couple announced in May that they were expecting their second baby together.
Tom told OK! Magazine that he's "still in complete shock, it's so much to take in."
Tom told the magazine that he underwent tests after he began suffering from unexplained seizures, with doctors revealing six weeks ago that he had a grade four glioblastoma.
The singer is now undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment.
What is a glioblastoma?
The Mayo Clinic explains that "glioblastoma is an aggressive type of cancer that can occur in the brain or spinal cord. Glioblastoma forms from cells called astrocytes that support nerve cells."
Also known as glioblastoma multiforme, the cancer can be very difficult to treat and a cure is often not possible, but treatments may slow progression of the cancer and reduce signs and symptoms. It can cause worsening headaches, nausea, vomiting and seizures.
"For people who can't undergo surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy may be used as a primary treatment," adds the Mayo Clinic.
Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams (such as X-rays or protons) to kill cancer cells. In contrast to this, chemotherapy uses medicine to kill cancer cells.
The NHS explains, "There are many different types of chemotherapy medicine, but they all work in a similar way.
"They stop cancer cells reproducing, which prevents them from growing and spreading in the body."


text:
This blue was purely unintentional as scientists wanted to figure out a way to protect strawberries from frost and found that a gene in "Artic Flounder Fish" produced antifreeze properties to protect itself from freezing waters. The result of genetically modifying this gene created a shockingly blue fruit that can withstand very cold temperatures and won't turn into mush in your freezers. >> That is craziness!
Blue Strawberry - A genetically modified organism. It wasn't engineered that way, it was actually created to withstand freezing temperatures. When scientists discovered the Arctic Flounder produces antifreeze to protect itself in frigid water, they wondered what would happen if they introduced the gene that produces the antifreeze in to a strawberry plant. A blue berry was an unexpected side effect.


text: The importance of exact estimation of plastic deformations in the soils and building materials is noted. The defining relations for stresses and endochronic type deformations generalizing the theory of Sanders-Klyushnikov were proposed. Quasi-statistical equations of the new theory are based on the Novozhilov's idea about the independence of motion of piecewise-linear plane yield surfaces and the technology of conversion from flow theory to endochronic theory. The practical formulas for calculating the uniaxial active and reversible loading of the material are presented. The similarity and difference between the new theory and the Sanders-Klyushnikov's version are demonstrated on the several examples.


Blancco Drive Eraser issue report is a detailed report that contains additional system information and log files which can be used to understand and reproduce a problem that has occurred with Blancco Drive Eraser. The issue report file is encrypted and it can only be opened by Blancco personnel. The issue report file's default name is in the following format: "". If the issue report file is opened, for example with some text editor software, the following comment line will be shown: "issue". This comment entry makes it possible to quickly tell the difference between a normal report, an issue report and a crash report.
If you are having a problem with the Blancco Drive Eraser, and the most common troubleshooting tips and user manual instructions do not seem to help, it is time to contact Blancco's Technical Support team. When contacting Technical Support, it is important to include the Blancco Drive Eraser issue report in the contact ticket. It is recommended that the issue report file should be zipped before adding it as an attachment.
To collect the issue report:
Drive Eraser:
 1. Connect a USB memory stick to the computer.
 2. Click the Report issue button, or press F2.
 3. Select the USB memory device from the "Select media" list.
 4. It is recommended to use the default issue report name, but it is fine to add more details to the file name (for example if you are sending more than one issue report).
 5. Write a problem description to the "Problem description" field.
 6. Click "Save" to save the report on a USB stick, or click "Send" to send the issue report to Blancco Management Console.
Management Console:
Is used when erasure control is set to "Management Console" on Blancco Drive Eraser.
 1. Navigate to Live Management page under Process Management.
 2. Select correct Drive eraser session.
 3. Select "Fetch Issue report" from Manage Session drop menu.
 4. Write a problem description to the "Comment" field.
 5. Refresh "Live Management" page and download issue report from "Manage Session" Drop menu.
In addition to collecting the issue report, there should a description of the technical issue included in the support ticket:
 - What is the exact problem?
 - Was there some specific error message?
 - What steps were taken before the problem occurred?
The best moment to collect the issue report is right after the problem has occurred. For example: An erasure process has been finished, but Blancco Drive Eraser reports "Verification failed" for all of the hard drives, even though there should be no obvious reason for this to happen. Now is the best moment for collecting the issue report. The whole erasure process has been completed, and now the issue report log files will more likely show what went wrong in the verification part of the process. If the issue report is collected right after Blancco Drive Eraser is started, and before the verification part fails, then the log files will only provide process details up that point.
In some cases it is not possible to save the issue report (for example system crashes during startup, software freezes during erasure, etc.). In cases like these there is a possibility to collect a Blancco Drive Eraser crash report (Blancco 5 version 5.8.0 or newer).


If
If( cond_expr, true_expr, false_expr )
If( cond_expr, true_expr, false_expr )
If( cond_expr, true_expr, false_expr )
If( cond_expr, true_expr, false_expr )
if_( cond_expr, true_expr, false_expr )
If( cond_expr, true_expr, false_expr )
Description
The If function evaluates and returns the true_expr or false_expr expression, depending on the value of the cond expression. If the cond expression evaluates to anything other than a Boolean, If returns an "invalid argument" error.
Any valid Fauna Query Language expression is acceptable, including null.
The If function requires three parameters, and using them is equivalent to if-then-else. This means that you cannot use If to express if-then logic. Instead, you might find the Filter function useful, as it could be used to remove documents from consideration, in bulk, that might otherwise require If logic.
Parameters
Argument Type Definition and Requirements
cond
Boolean Expression
The conditional expression to evaluated and tested for true or false.
true_expr
Expression
The expression or variable to return if cond is true.
false_expr
Expression
The expression or variable to return if cond is false.
Returns
The evaluation of either the true_expr or false_expr expression, depending on the evaluation of the cond expression.
Examples
The query below evaluates the cond expression, which is the condition that needs to be tested, and then determines that cond returns true. This causes the second argument, the true_expr expression, to be evaluated and returned. The third argument, the false_expr expression, is never evaluated.
client.Query(If(true, "was true", "was false"));
"was true"
curl _URL_ \
 -u fnAChGwBcAACAO70ziE0cfROosNJHdgBmJU1PgpL: \
 -d '{ "if": true, "then": "was true", "else": "was false" }'
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
{ "resource": "was true" }
result, _ := client.Query(f.If(true, "was true", "was false"))
fmt.Println(result)
was true
System.out.println(
 client.query(
 If(Value(true), Value("was true"), Value("was false"))
 ).get() );
"was true"
client.query(
 q.If(true, 'was true', 'was false')
)
.then((ret) => console.log(ret))
"was true"
client.query(q.if_(True, "was true", "was false"))
"was true"
client.query(If(true, "was true", "was false"))
"was true"
Is this article helpful?
Tell Fauna how the article can be improved:
Visit Fauna's forums or email _EMAIL_
Thank you for your feedback!


text:
One of Tāmaki Makaurau's historic treasures has reopened after its refurbishment as part of a major restoration plan.
The Sir John Logan Campbell memorial fountain on Manukau Rd, the original entrance to Cornwall Park, is the first stage to be completed of the Cornwall Park plan developed by Nelson Byrd Woltz in collaboration with Boffa Miskell in 2014. The aim is to restore the area as a grand entrance to the park, protecting and enhancing important heritage features and natural landscapes.
Campbell, an early pioneer settler, gifted the 172ha park to all New Zealanders in 1903. The fountain, funded by public subscription in appreciation of his generosity, was unveiled on May 24, 1906. The fountain had been restored in 1979, largely unsuccessfully, and has now been restored to an original water pattern, albeit with a reduced water consumption from its original 45,000-plus litres per hour.
The main part of the park is sited on the extinct volcano of Maungakiekie which was turned into a major pā site by Ngāti Awa in the late 1600s. The area fell into disuse and was acquired by Campbell and business partner William Brown in 1853. The vision of the overall plan is to enhance "the landscape in its many guises; a recreational and scenic space, a working farm, an ecological refuge and above all, a cultural-heritage landscape".


Handling multiple event types in a topic
Question:
How can you have multiple event types in a topic and maintain topic-name subject constraints?
Edit this page
Example use case:
You have distinct but related event types and you want to produce them to the same topic, but you also want to maintain topic-name subject constraints. Why produce different events to the different same topic? One reason would be you have low-traffic topics and you'd like to consolodate them to reduce overhead for the brokers. Or you need to get the exact order of different events and by producing them to the same topic you are guaranteed correct ordering per-partition.
To do multiple events with topic-name constraints you'll need to use schema references, which is a schema that contains a field representing an object which is reference to another another schema. In this tutorial you'll learn about using schema references with both Protobuf and Avro.
For more information on multiple event topics you can read Put several event types in a Kafka Topic by Martin Kleppmann and Putting Several Event Types in the Same Topic – Revisited by Robert Yokota.
Hands-on code example:
Run it


text:
Background and Aims: Laser vaporization of the prostate is expected as a less invasive treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), via the photothermal effect. In order to develop safer and more effective laser vaporization of the prostate, it is essential to set optimal irradiation parameters based on quantitative evaluation of temperature distribution and thermally denatured depth in prostate tissue. Method: A simulation model was therefore devised with light propagation and heat transfer calculation, and the vaporized and thermally denatured depths were estimated by the simulation model. Results: The results of the simulation were compared with those of an ex vivo experiment and clinical trial. Based on the accumulated data, the vaporized depth strongly depended on the distance between the optical fiber and the prostate tissue, and it was suggested that contact laser irradiation could vaporize the prostate tissue most effectively. Additionally, it was suggested by analyzing thermally denatured depth comprehensively that laser irradiation at the distance of 3 mm between the optical fiber and the prostate tissue was useful for hemostasis. Conclusions: This study enabled quantitative and reproducible analysis of laser vaporization for BPH and will play a role in clarification of the safety and efficacy of this treatment.
Laser therapy. 2016 Dec 30 [Epub]
Junya Takada, Norihiro Honda, Hisanao Hazama, Naomasa Ioritani, Kunio Awazu
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University., Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University., Japan Community Health care Organization Sendai Hospital.


Download Article Download Article
Metal puzzles are a fun and challenging way to test your brain. But after hours of working through the same puzzle with no results, you may feel a little stumped! If you're desperate for a solution, a puzzle guide might be your best bet! The P-shaped, horseshoe ring, and double-M puzzle are among the most common metal puzzles—once you've mastered these 3 puzzles, you'll be ready to work through any puzzle design on your own!
Part 1 of 3:
Working Through a P-Shaped Puzzle
 1. 1
 Grab one end of each P-shaped ring with both of your hands. Hold the puzzle as evenly as possible to prevent twisting the puzzle the wrong way while you work. Align the puzzle horizontally before you begin twisting it, with both ends of the P-shaped rings facing outwards.[1]
 - The two Ps should make something resembling a "W" shape before you begin twisting them.
 2. 2
 Turn your left P-shaped ring down. Then, loop the right ring around the upper "P" loop of the left ring. Your two P-shaped rings should look stacked on top of each other and mirroring each other at the loops.[2]
 - The rings should resemble a heart shape at this stage.
 3. 3
 Pull the right ring from the top and through the left loop. As you string the right ring through the left loop, it should slide off once you reach the bottom end. Once the two rings are separated, you have completed the puzzle.[3]
 - Set them down somewhere you won't forget to prevent losing them.
 4. 4
 Slide one ring through the "P" loop of the other ring to reset the puzzle. To prevent losing either ring and to put the puzzle together again, insert one ring through the top loop of the other ring. Pull the first ring all the way through the second ring, then turn the second ring up to secure both in place.
Part 2 of 3:
Beating a Horseshoe Ring Puzzle
 1. 1
 Hold the ring up evenly in front of you. Align the ring as evenly and as tightly as you can. Avoid holding one end of the right higher or lower than the other to prevent the ring from twisting or tangling as you work on it.[4]
 2. 2
 Twist one horseshoe in a counterclockwise direction. Keep the metal ring in-between the two rings. Continue twisting it until the ring is tight between the two rings and you cannot twist the horseshoe any further.[5]
 3. 3
 Bend and align the two horseshoes. Push the two horseshoes together into the middle of the chain until it bends in half. Line up the horseshoes as evenly as possible, allowing the ring to fall to the bottom of the horseshoes.[6]
 4. 4
 Slide the ring up and off of the horseshoe. Grab hold of the metal ring and lift it up through 1 side of the horseshoes. If the horseshoes are aligned, the ring should come off without forcing it. Check the horseshoe alignment if your ring appears stuck or you cannot locate an opening at the top of the horseshoes.[7]
 5. 5
 Re-align the horseshoes to put the puzzle back together. When you're ready to put the puzzle together again, twist and bend the chain in half to align the horseshoes back together. Drop the ring through one end of the horseshoes, then fold the horseshoes back up and twist 1 horseshoe in the opposite direction to secure the ring.
Part 3 of 3:
Solving a Double M Puzzle
 1. 1
 Lift one double M ring above the other ring. Both double M rings have a large curve around the top of the ring. Position your rings so that 1 ring is facing with their curve up and the other is facing downward in the opposite direction.[8]
 - Because the pieces are identical, they should look like a reflection of each other.
 2. 2
 Turn the rings at a 90-degree angle. Lift the bottom ring up through the top ring's side, then tilt them sideways at a 90-degree angle. The two ring curves should still be facing in opposite directions.[9]
 3. 3
 Slide the bottom piece up through the top piece's curve. Keep the rings even and at the 90-degree angle to prevent twisting or complicating your puzzle. When you have reached the top, make the bottom ring aligned with the middle of the top ring's curve.[10]
 4. 4
 Lower the bottom ring through the middle of the top ring's "M." Turn both rings upright again and slide the bottom ring down through the top ring's "M." If you have aligned the rings correctly, it should go through the middle without twisting or catching.[11]
 5. 5
 Insert one ring through the other ring's "M" to put the puzzle together again. To attach the two rings together again, raise one ring through the middle of the other ring's "M." Then, twist the rings at a 90-degree angle and slide it over the top curve and to the bottom of the ring. This will secure the rings together for storage.
Community Q&A
Ask a Question
200 characters left
 - The double M, P-shaped, and horseshoe ring puzzle are just 3 of the most common metal puzzles. For more obscure designs, try watching YouTube tutorials on your specific puzzle.
 - Of these 3 common metal puzzles, the double M puzzle (sometimes called "The Devil Puzzle") is the most difficult.
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 About This Article
 wikiHow Staff
 Co-authored by:
 216 votes - 33%
 Co-authors: 3
 Updated: May 21, 2021
 Views: 116,851
 Article SummaryX
 To solve a P-shaped metal puzzle, start by grabbing 1 end of each P-shaped ring with both of your hands. Hold the puzzle evenly, making sure it doesn't twist. Once you have the rings steady, turn your left ring down so your rings look stacked on top of each other and resemble a heart shape. Next, pull the right ring from the top through the left loop. Once the 2 rings are separated, you have completed the puzzle. If you want to reset it, slide 1 ring through the P loop of the other ring. To learn how to beat a horseshoe ring puzzle, keep reading!
 Did this summary help you?
 Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 116,851 times.
 Did this article help you?


Cities starting with the letter V in Tajikistan
List of cities starting with letter V in Tajikistan. This list contains 7 cities of Tajikistan that start with the letter V. On the Population HUB website you can find lists of cities of countries with the necessary letter, as well as the population of any of the regions of the Earth.
# Cities of Tajikistan in letter V
1 Flag of Tajikistan Vahdat
There are 1 city in Tajikistan with the first letter V.
Recently interested in the population
Interesting pages


text:
Hornyfqnz is an online slang dictionary that defines common texting and internet communication slang phrases. The name "hornyfqnz" is a mixture of the terms "horny" and "fun." It refers to someone who is entertaining and makes you want to have sex with them.
1)What does Hornyfqnz mean?
"Hornyfqnz" refers to someone sexually stimulated or interested in sexual action. The term frequently indicates someone seeking or engaging in sexual activity.
2)The meaning of Hornyfqnz
"hornyfqnz" refers to someone sexually stimulated or interested in sexual action. The term is frequently used to describe someone "turned on" or "horny" by another person. It can also refer to someone who is sexually attracted to another person.
- What exactly does hornyfqnz mean? It's a little mysterious, but we can make some educated guesses.
- The most likely reason is that it's a misspelling of "horny." This makes sense because "horny" is a slang term for sexually aroused.
- Another suggestion is that it's a play on the word "horny," with the "h" replaced by an "f" to sound more like the word "horn." This might be used to describe someone who is having an especially sexual mood right now.
- Whatever the case, we can be certain that "hornyfqnz" is a phrase used to describe someone who is sexually aroused. So, if you see someone using this expression, they are most likely trying to communicate that they are horny!
4)What is the meaning of Hornyfqnz?
Hornyfqnz is an abbreviation for someone sexually stimulated or interested in sexual activity. The term is frequently used to describe someone who is hornier than usual.
5)What does Hornyfqnz stand for?
- Hornyfqnz is an abbreviation for "Horny For No Reason." The phrase is frequently used to describe someone sexually aroused for no apparent reason.
- There are several reasons someone could feel horny for no apparent cause. They may be sexually dissatisfied and haven't had sex in a while. It could also be a symptom of an underlying medical illness, such as a hormone imbalance.
- If you're feeling horny for no apparent reason, there are a few things you can attempt to alleviate the urge. You can begin by masturbating. If that doesn't work or you're uncomfortable, try distracting yourself with other tasks. If the sensation persists, it is important to seek medical attention to rule out any underlying problems.


How to write an EPP client in C#
Extensible Provisioning Protocol(EPP), defined in RFC 5730 is a protocol which is used in the Internet industry for the provisioning of domain names, hosting and related contact details. It is currently not used for much otherwise. It is rare to have to write software to consume an EPP-based webservice, so when I came to do so, I could find little to no examples written for the .NET framework. So I'll post what I have found here.
The basics are as follows. Messages are sent and received in XML, and generally over TCP or similar transport protocols. All communications must be secured. Details of the message structures can be found at the above link.
Another important point is that generally, the messages sent and received from EPP services consist of the length as a network order (big-endian) 32-bit number, followed by the actual request. It is necessary to strip this of in your responses before handling the XML.
The following method will send an XML Document, here in the form of any implementation of XContainer (e.g. XDocument, or XElement), to the specified endpoint over a secure TCP connection. The namespace needs to be specified, and will be "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:epp-1.0". This will also take care of wrapping your xml within an 'epp' root element, as is a requirement of the standard, so it's only necessary to provide the core XML needed for the command you wish to send. For the initial greeting this is as simple as <hello />
public XDocument APIRequest(XContainer[] requestData, Uri _endpoint, string _xmlns)
{
 XDocument XResponse;
 using(var _tcpClient = new TcpClient(_endpoint.Host, _endpoint.Port))
 {
 using (var sslStream = new SslStream(_tcpClient.GetStream(), false, ValidateServerCertificate))
 {
 sslStream.AuthenticateAsClient(_endpoint.Host);
 using (XmlWriter xw = XmlWriter.Create(sslStream))
 {
 new XDocument(
 new XElement(_xmlns + "epp",
 requestData
 )
 ).WriteTo(xw);
 }

 sslStream.Flush();
 var response = ReadMessage(sslStream);
 XResponse = XDocument.Parse(response);
 }
 }
 return XResponse;
}
The above method depends on two important methods. ReadMessage and ValidateServerCertificate. ReadMessage decodes the received SSL stream from the service, strips off the length marker, and returns the message as a clean string. ValidateServerCertificate is a requirement of the SSL stream, and it should be used to confirm the secure credentials. It is possible to simply return true from this method, and the connection will be allowed. This is stupid, but would be required if connecting to a server with an expired certificate. The methods are as follows.
private string ReadMessage(SslStream sslStream)
{
 // The first four bytes will be the the content length as a network order (big-endian) 32-bit number.
 var lengthBytes = new byte[4];
 sslStream.Read(lengthBytes, 0, 4);
 Array.Reverse(lengthBytes);
 var length = BitConverter.ToInt32(lengthBytes, 0) - 4;
 // Create a byte array of the correct size for the response.
 var messageBytes = new byte[length];
 var returned = 0;
 while (returned != length)
 {
 returned += sslStream.Read(messageBytes, 0, length);
 }
 return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(messageBytes);
}
// The following method is invoked by the RemoteCertificateValidationDelegate.
private bool ValidateServerCertificate(object sender, X509Certificate certificate, X509Chain chain, SslPolicyErrors sslPolicyErrors)
{
 if (sslPolicyErrors == SslPolicyErrors.None)
 return true;
 Console.WriteLine("Certificate error: {0}", sslPolicyErrors);
 // Do not allow this client to communicate with unauthenticated servers.
 return false;
}
These methods require the following using statements.
using System;
using System.Net.Security;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
using System.Text;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Linq;
5 thoughts on "How to write an EPP client in C#
Add yours
 1. Thank you very much. You have no idea what I've been through these couple of days, confused, disoriented, frustrated and all are gone because of your excellent article.
 If I may, the string _xmlns didn't work for me I changed the data type to XNamespace.
 Thank you again man.
 2. hello …
 can you explain me in more detail how i can do EPP in c# (connecting to registry , login create contacte…..)
 thank you for help
 3. Did you complete the project? I have to work for a project same like this and I looking for something already worked. Please contact me, thanks.
 4. For those enquiring about a working EPP client, I have a working proprietary library which I'm unable to share due to commercial restrictions. However I'm happy to answer any specific technical queries.
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optimizer missed taking advantage of a uniqueness guarantee.
This optimizer limitation does not only apply to the unique clustered index that a view must have in order to be materialized. In more complex scenarios, additional nonclustered indexes may also be present on the view; perhaps to reflect cross-table relationships that are difficult to enforce or represent otherwise. If these nonclustered indexes are defined to be unique, the optimizer will overlook these guarantees as well, if automatic index matching is used.
Adding this to the limitations around the creation and usage of statistical information, it seems that relying on automatic view matching can result in inferior execution plans. The safest option is probably to reference indexed views explicitly, and to use a NOEXPAND hint every time – at least until these issues are addressed in the product.
Mitigating Factors
I should stress that the issue described in this article only applies to the uniqueness guarantee provided by a unique view index. If the optimizer can get the required uniqueness information another way, the chances are good that optimization problems will be avoided.
For example, there may be a suitable unique index on a base table referenced by the view. Or, in the case of a view that contains aggregation, the optimizer can already infer a useful uniqueness guarantee from the view's GROUP BY clause. The common practice of adding a view clustered index to the grouping keys adds no extra uniqueness information in that case.
Nevertheless, there are times where this "uniqueness oversight" can mean you will get better quality execution plans by using an explicit view reference and NOEXPAND hints, even in Enterprise Edition.


text:
Meaning: Treat someone badly
Example: Her boss DUMPS ON everyone when things go wrong.
Meaning: Criticize heavily, often unfairly
Example: She DUMPS ON her family a lot.
Meaning: Tell someone your problems
Example: When he';s depressed, he needs someone to DUMP ON.
We have 1 phrasal verbs with 'DUMP'


text: The social facilitation effect describes the change in the performance of the task under the influence of the presence of observers. The effect itself consists of two components: social facilitation in simple tasks and social inhibition in complex tasks. In the context of the dynamic development of new technologies, the question of the possible influence on human behavior by virtual characters gains importance. We attempted to critically describe and summarize current research on social facilitation in order to answer the question of whether it occurs in virtual environments. We found 13 relevant studies, 3 of which demonstrated social facilitation, 4 social inhibition and 1 demonstrated the whole effect. The conclusions drawn from the analysis are ambiguous. Firstly, we identified that 12 out of 13 analyzed studies failed to show the whole effect. Secondly, we encountered several shortcomings of the summarized research that further complicated its interpretation. The shortcomings: presence of the researcher, unclear usage of "agent" and "avatar", evaluation of activation, no pilot tests of observers and no description of how their characteristics are generated, among others, are discussed. Furthermore, we investigated the effect sizes and their variability. The average effect size for social facilitation was g = 0.18, CI [-0.28; 0.64] and for social inhibition g = -0.18, CI [-0.40; 0.04]. In social facilitation, a substantial level of heterogeneity was detected. Finally, we conclude that it is still too early to provide a definite answer to the question of whether social facilitation exists in Virtual Environments. We recommend limiting evaluation activation to the lowest possible level, conducting pilot tests prior to the experiment, avoiding the presence of the researcher in the experimental room and a clear distinction of "agent" and "avatar", as measures to achieve a better quality in future research.


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Western wins grant for endangered species breeding study
The National Leadership grant, from the Institute of Museum and Library Services, will allow a team at the school to study how genetics can be used to maximize diversity and robustness in breeding endangered species. The study will focus on snow leopards, but researchers believe the findings could be applied to other endangered species in the future.
The research team at Western University will collect DNA samples from snow leopards and form a draft of its genome, which will be used to identify specific genes associated with immune function.
Oregon State University, the Great Plains Zoo & Delbridge Museum of Natural History and the Snow Leopard Species Survival Plan also will be involved in the study.


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In this chapter, we have proposed a Luenberger observer linear systems diagnostic technique using the bond graph. Indeed, an observer can reconstruct or estimate the current state of a real system using the available measurements, without prior knowledge of the initial conditions. In addition, it allows to estimate the nonmeasurable states of a system. The design of the observer is carried out using graphical methods from the structural properties of the model bond graph becomes simple and practical to build. We presented the bond graph approach for the construction of a full-order observer and proposed a new BG-based observer diagnostic method. Subsequently, we presented the uncertain parameter systems modeled by the bond graph approach, and we also proposed a new method for diagnosing systems with uncertain parameters by Luenberger observer. In the last part of this chapter, we developed and proposed an observer bench diagnosis technique (BG-DOS/BG-GOS) to detect and locate defects.
Part of the book: Electric Machines for Smart Grids Applications


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Responsibility: Inventory Manager, Vision operations
Mandatory Setups to Check:
1. Make Sure there are no security rules defined when shipping the item from other Operating unit and Auto Accounting rules are defined(for Selling OU) to default the balancing segment values with Table Name as Standard Lines(Which will get the values from Standard line item or Inventory Item used)
2. Make Sure Shipping parameters are defined for both Shipping and Selling operating units.
4. Make sure that a value is assigned for System parameter 'Inventory Item For Freight'
Responsibility: Vision Japan Inventory Responsibility


Exploration Geophysics
Ground Magnetic Surveys – Seeing Beneath The Rocks
Although ground magnetic surveys measure rock magnetism, they can help find minerals that aren't magnetic, including gold. In fact, the areas that aren't magnetic can be as significant as those that are. This is why ground magnetic surveys are important for far more than finding iron ore.
Why Is A Ground Magnetic Survey Useful?
Ground magnetic surveys map the magnetism of underlying rocks. The most common magnetic minerals found are pyrrhotite, (iron sulphide), and magnetite. Magnetite when found with sufficient purity and quantity may become an iron ore deposit.
Pyrrhotite is important because of the minerals it's often associated with including pyrite, another iron sulphide mineral, which may contain gold. Other valuable minerals often associated with pyrrhotite include; chalcopyrite (copper sulphide), sphalerite (zinc sulphide), and pentlandite (nickel sulphide).
Pyrrhotite is key to the ability of ground magnetics to reveal hidden zones of potentially valuable non-magnetic minerals.
Ground magnetic surveys are also used to understand the general structure of underlying rock , identifying faults and folds otherwise hidden beneath cover rocks and for identifying demagnetised zones associated with hydrothermal activity.
The heat of, hydrothermal activity demagnetises rocks. These demagnetised zones may be identified using ground magnetics on a local scale, or by aeromagnetics at a regional level. This technique can identify epithermal gold deposits. In the goldfields around Charters Towers, Queensland, Australia, aerial and ground magnetic surveys helped identify demagnetised associated with swarms of hydrothermal quartz veins, under younger sedimentary cover.
Conducting A Ground Magnetic Survey
A survey is usually done by two operators. While walking across the landscape an operator can encounter numerous obstacles, but the idea is to walk as straight as possible. In heavily vegetated areas, walking can be quite slow and concentration has to remain high to avoid hazards such as snakes, rabbit holes or even obscured mine shafts. On good ground, operators can walk up to 15 km a day, so a high level of fitness is required. If you are not fit at the start of the survey, you will be by the end!
Each operator walks across the survey area with a magnetometer and GPS in a backpack. Changes in the earth's magnetic field are recorded along the length of each line. GPS coordinates for the readings are also recorded. A plot of these coordinates reveals that the actual paths walked are normally not perfectly straight but wriggle across the landscape. Luckily, these minor deviations do not significantly affect the result.
Ground magnetic survey
Planned ground magnetics with a line spacing of 25m (red). Walked lines by Operator 1 (white) and Operator 2 (black) are shown. Base image: Google Earth.
Along with the magnetic field changes, the elevation of the land surface is also recorded by the GPS. This data will later be used by software to generate 3D model of the topography of the survey area.
The spacing between successive survey lines can vary between 100m to 20m depending on the resolution required. The narrower the line spacing, the higher is the resolution of the resultant magnetic image. The highest resolution images can reveal subtle structures including subtle features in faults and shears, which may point to high grade ore shoots.
A base station is needed for every survey. The station records daily variations in the earth's magnetic field caused by electric currents in the upper atmosphere, by solar activity. These daily fluctuations are later corrected for, otherwise incorrect magnetic images can result.
Interpreting A Ground Magnetic Survey
Back in the office, a geophysicist processes the data removing artefacts produced from surface items such as steel drums and wire fences. Filters and corrections are used to enhance the data to reveal subtle features and structures within the underlying rock.
Reduced-to-pole (RTP) is a very important correction made to the data, particularly for locations far from the earth's magnetic poles. The RTP filter corrects for the artificial effect of being of the distance to the earth's magnetic poles, allowing for accurate drill-hole location and targeting.
Geophysical interpretation is as much an art as a science. An experienced scientist will use a variety of filters that highlight different aspects of the magnetic gradients in the data, and reveal subtle changes which may point to concealed structures and associated mineral occurrences.
Other high level filters used by geophysicists include tilt derivative and horizontal derivative, each providing a slightly different way of viewing the data.
A correction may be applied to standardise the data to a specific height above the ground. Upward continuing helps to remove or minimise erratic surface magnetism, while enhancing longer wavelengths associated with deep objects and features..
The geologist in close consultation with the geophysicist interprets the magnetic images. The use of specialised GIS mapping software allows for other data such as stream sediment, soil and rock chip geochemistry to be combined with the magnetic images. Any coincident anomalies become potential drill targets.
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David Tilley
Dr. David Tilley has a wealth of experience in the minerals industry, federal government and academia. Early in his career from 1991 to 1998 he was a PhD scholar, research associate and associate lecturer at the Australian National University, in Canberra. During this time, he lectured geology, mineralogy and field mapping techniques and studied the weathering of minerals and the formation of bauxite. From 1999 to 2005, he was a resources and energy policy writer within the Australian Government. Since 2006, he has worked as an exploration geologist for a number of exploration and mining companies in Australia and New Zealand.
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This article reviews the potential of Niklas Luhmann's autopoiesis as a contribution to organization theory. We consider organization theory to consist of three epistemological foundations, which we label equilibrium-based theory, process-based theory and recursivity-based theory. We review critically Luhmann's autopoietic theory in relation to each of these three foundations. We suggest that whereas it deviates radically from equilibrium-based theory and deviates significantly from process-based theory, it holds potential in its complementarity with Giddens's structuration theory in providing a promising basis for recursivity-based organization theory.
- Organization theory
- Systems theory


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What is FEST? FEST is a film and an educational event divided in different activities and dimensions that include an official short and long feature film competition, as well as the sharing of information and experiences through its parallel educational event called Training Ground. The main objective of the Festival is the promotion of young filmmakers from all over the world. Who are the organizers? Both events are organized by FEST – Associação Cultural, a registered NGO focused on education in the audiovisual area. When and where? The event will take place between the 22nd and 29th of June 2015, in Espinho, Portugal. How is the competition organized? There are two separate competitions. The first is for Short Films by filmmakers up to the age of 30, which will give out awards for Best Short Fiction, Documentary, Animation, Experimental and Academic Work. The second is exclusively focused on long features, by filmmakers of any age who are on their first or second long feature.
- Mark Sanger, editor of Gravity, confirmed at the Training Ground
- Sound Editing Legend Eddy Joseph back to the TG
- Game of Thrones production designer Gemma Jackson at the Training Ground
- Garry Maddison, colorist of The Dark Knight Rises , at the Training Ground
- CP (Trains of Portugal) are now our partner!


cal{V}$ representable (by a scheme) the fibre product $\mathcal{Y} = \mathcal{X} \times _{\Delta , \mathcal{X} \times \mathcal{X}} \mathcal{V}$ has diagonal representable by algebraic spaces.
Proof. Although this is a bit of a brain twister, it is completely formal. Namely, recall that $\mathcal{X} \times _{\mathcal{X} \times \mathcal{X}} \mathcal{X} = \mathcal{I}_\mathcal {X}$ is the inertia of $\mathcal{X}$ and that $\Delta _\Delta $ is the identity section of $\mathcal{I}_\mathcal {X}$, see Categories, Section 4.34. Thus condition (1) says the following: Given a scheme $V$, an object $x$ of $\mathcal{X}$ over $V$, and a morphism $\alpha : x \to x$ of $\mathcal{X}_ V$ the condition "$\alpha = \text{id}_ x$" defines an algebraic space over $V$. (In other words, there exists a monomorphism of algebraic spaces $W \to V$ such that a morphism of schemes $f : T \to V$ factors through $W$ if and only if $f^*\alpha = \text{id}_{f^*x}$.)
On the other hand, let $V$ be a scheme and let $x, y$ be objects of $\mathcal{X}$ over $V$. Then $(x, y)$ define a morphism $\mathcal{V} = (\mathit{Sch}/V)_{fppf} \to \mathcal{X} \times \mathcal{X}$. Next, let $h : V' \to V$ be a morphism of schemes and let $\alpha : h^*x \to h^*y$ and $\beta : h^*x \to h^*y$ be morphisms of $\mathcal{X}_{V'}$. Then $(\alpha , \beta )$ define a morphism $\mathcal{V}' = (\mathit{Sch}/V)_{fppf} \to \mathcal{Y} \times \mathcal{Y}$. Condition (2) now says that (with any choices as above) the condition "$\alpha = \beta $" defines an algebraic space over $V$.
To see the equivalence, given $(\alpha , \beta )$ as in (2) we see that (1) implies that "$\alpha ^{-1} \circ \beta = \text{id}_{h^*x}$" defines an algebraic space. The implication (2) $\Rightarrow $ (1) follows by taking $h = \text{id}_ V$ and $\beta = \text{id}_ x$. $\square$
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Support Fabric Conservation Method.
This conservation method is used where areas of the textiles background are missing or fragile. It gives the textile stability and prevents further unraveling. After selecting and dying appropriate material, the fabric is attached to the back, and reinforced around the perimeter of the damaged area. When there are loose sections or threads of the textile, these too are secured to the patch.


How to Install a Dual Fuel Range
Worker Removes Appliance Dolly from New Kitchen Range
What You'll Need
Electric outlet and wiring
Hose or pipes (for gas source)
Adjustable wrench
Dual fuel ranges have grown in reputation as the importance of proficient model home kitchens has increased. Installing dual fuel ranges can provide cooks with the benefits of more than one kind of fuel in preference to the restrictions of a solitary fuel range.
Dual fuel ranges, known as duel fuel stoves, have developed into a well-liked option for people whose budget and home design can contain them. Installing dual fuel ranges is easy provided you follow the proper steps and safety precautions.
Step 1 - Familiarize Yourself with Fundamentals of Dual Fuel Ranges
The dual fuel range is a stove which combines various fuels for cooking: electricity and gas. Gas is a clammy heat, and it provides enhanced temperature regulation for top-of-the-stove cooking. Great chefs tend to favor gas cooktops. Gas-fueled cooking has a lower operating cost compared to electric-fueled cooking, thus by using a gas-fueled cooktop one possibly saves on operating costs. The oven is typically operated by electricity.
Step 2 - Install Dual Fuel Range
pot heating on a gas burner
Clean and check the area where the old stove was placed. Ensure you have new electric lines for the oven. Inspect the quality of pipes for the gas source. Usually, dual-fuel ranges work with the existing 120 Volt outlet, so no need to have a specialized outlet for it. You need to ensure that the gas pipes from the source to the cooktops are firmly and safely fastened. Follow other reminders indicated in the owner's manual to ensure everything was set up correctly.
Step 3 - Install Gas Hose
If your home has no basement, the shutoff needs to be along the wall at an access panel's back. You need to take out the cap of the gas line using an adjustable wrench, if a gas range was never used before. Next, wrap the fitting on top of the stove while the gas pipe is coming up through the floor, using Teflon tape. Screw a flex hose end to the fitting along the gas stove, then tighten it using an adjustable wrench. After this, screw the other flex hose end onto the gas pipe coming up through the floor and tighten it using the wrench. Switch on the dual fuel range gas supply.
Step 4 - Take the Final Considerations
range with an open oven door
When it comes to selecting among various kinds of fuel for your range, always consider your safety while cooking. Also, in existing houses the kitchen design may limit your choice either to electricity alone or to gas alone as your cooking fuel. On the other hand, some existing houses do have the capability for dual-fueling of the preferred range. Budgeting also begs consideration: dual fuel ranges include higher purchase costs as well as higher maintenance costs than ranges which are either electric-fueled or gas-fueled only. Installation of the dual fuel range is a straight-forward job, which is normally guided by the manual provided by the manufacturer. Typically, the only concern of the dual fuel range purchaser is the piping for the gas source and the wiring for the electricity line.


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San Diego Teacher Delivers Trigonometry Lesson in Half-Life: Alyx
San Diego teacher Charles Coomber has decided to give seventh-graders a math lesson in the new Half-Life: Alyx game, which can be played only in VR.
Coomber held a lesson on March 23, right on the release day of the new Half-Life game.
The lesson took place in the first location of the game, where there are virtual markers and a sponge. Coomber used a window as a white board. The teacher also conducted a short tour of the game for students.
The next day, an excerpt from Coomber's lesson appeared on Reddit's homepage, where it gained more than three million views.


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This post explains how to calibrate two 2Touch screens to work with an extended desktop configuration – where the desktop spans across two display screens, with the Windows task bar in the left-hand screen and an extended working area in the right-hand screen.
Implementing interactive touch for the above configuration requires two units both of which are equipped with both serial and USB communications.
(Note: The other common multiple-screen configuration is the Stretched Desktop.)
Extending the desktop across two monitors is simply achieved in Windows "Display Properties" dialog. Note: both monitors must have the same Screen Resolution settings.
The two touch screens are calibrated separately, one using USB communications and the other using serial communications. We will call the two 2Touch screens "Touch Panel 1" and "Touch Panel 2" respectively.
Calibrating Touch Panel 1
1. Connect the power supply to Touch Panel 1 and then connect the USB cable.
2. Carry out the simple four-point Calibration procedure.
Calibrating Touch Panel 2
1. Install NextWindow's Touch+ Software, making sure you select "Run serial runtime on Windows startup."
2. Locate the Serial Runtime directory.
The default is here:
C:\Program Files\NextWindow\Touch+ #.#.#\Serial Runtime
3. Create a text file called SerialRuntime.ini and enter the following lines:
Note the parameter OffsetX=32767 in the [Main] Section. This pushes the calibration points for the serial connection over to the extended screen.
4. Connect the serial cable from Touch Panel 2 to the computer.
5. Run the SerialConfig program, select [Port Detect] and then click the [Calibration] button to start the Calibration sequence for Touch Panel 2.
This completes the calibration procedure. Now both monitors are touch enabled.


Real-Time Collaboration
Definition - What does Real-Time Collaboration mean?
Real-time collaboration is a term used for software or technologies that allow multiple users to work together on a project in real time, or simultaneously. Challenges related to real-time collaboration involve making files commonly available to multiple users in different locations, and allowing these users to communicate without signal delays.
Techopedia explains Real-Time Collaboration
Different real-time collaboration tools have their own sets of features for accommodating this kind of group interaction. Some of these involve instant messaging or other real-time communications tools, while others involve file sharing so that multiple users can see files at the same time. Some of these resources even offer collaborative real-time editing, where files can be amended or altered jointly in real-time.
Those who are looking at real-time collaboration technologies can also think about factors such as file storage. Some new and innovative products use the cloud as a file storage medium in order to make collaboration more efficient. Alternately, real-time collaboration resources can facilitate shared access to a client's server or other hardware storage medium.
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wikiHow to Get a Mamod Steam Engine Going
Problems in getting your Mamod engine running properly? Whether you have a Stationary Engine or a Mobile Engine learn how to get up a head of steam and see your engine run just as it should.
Steps
 1. 1
 Buy a Mamod engine. These can be purchased cheaply on eBay and if you look there over a period of a month you will see many different types in various states of repair. They range from "ready for restoration" to "immaculate unused".
 2. 2
 Decide upon either one that remains in a fixed position, known as a Stationary Engine or one that moves along the ground known as a Mobile Engine.
 3. 3
 Know that there are some basic things you now need to do starting with "getting it running" like getting water and fuel.
 4. 4
 And always - ALWAYS take your alcohol or dry fuel engine outside to run it. The possibility of accidental fire in the home is just too great and easily avoided.
 5. 5
 Make sure that water is to be carefully poured into the boiler through the hole in the top where the Safety Valve is located. Do not fill the boiler. If there is an overflow hole on the end opposite to the chimney. Leave this open while filling and stop when water comes out. Use HOT water to minimise start time and maximise running time.
 6. 6
 On the boiler back plate, either look at the Water Level Glass or as with older engines, the water level hole, and stop filling when the correct level is reached. There needs to be some air space left in the boiler above the water to allow pressure to build up.
 7. 7
 If you have a Water Level Plug type, this is the time to screw it, finger tight, back into the hole. Make sure all the filler and overflow holes have their caps screwed back into place before fueling.
 8. 8
 Fuel next. Now let's look at what to do about fueling up. There are two types of fuel. Present day fuel is in solid tablet form which are placed into a burner tray. It may be necessary to cut these tablets down in size to fit your particular burner as they do differ in size in accordance with the boiler size. Older models have spirit burners which contain either non replaceable gauze or replaceable wicks that soak up their liquid fuel.
 9. 9
 The liquid you need here is Methylated Spirit or methyl alcohol. With old type rectangular shaped gauze style burners you should pour an amount of Methylated Spirit directly into the top of the burner. The burners were sized to be filled until you can just see the alcohol on top of the gauze. There will then be enough fuel for a good run of the boiler, but not enough to boil it dry. Do not refill the burner without topping up the boiler again. If you have an even older type of engine it will have a round tank burner with wicks numbering between one to three. Again, just fill up the tank through the filler hole and refit the brass screw cap finger tight.
 10. 10
 Now you are nearly ready to fire up. But wait, you need to squirt oil onto the moving parts. To put it simply, any moving parts that are in friction contact with another need some oil. You can but Mamod oil although any oil is better than no oil! Castor oil is one of the most effective options available. You can use car engine oil, handyman oil or the real thing. Don't use grease as it will not flow and so will not lubricate fully.
 11. 11
 Now check that your Safety Valve (and Water Level Plug) is tight and your water level is correct. Spin the flywheel using your finger to get the oil around a bit and to ensure everything runs smoothly.
 12. 12
 Place the burner close to the engine and ready to insert under the boiler. Just practice this once before light up. And then, the action begins! Using a box of matches, ignite the burner and using the burner handle, place the burning burner neatly under the boiler. From now on, do not leaving your engine until the burning process is completed and the hot boiler is not in harms way.
 13. 13
 Gradually the water will begin to get hot and then raise a head of steam. Steam will begin to hiss in the area of the piston. Now you can gently flick round the flywheel. It revolves in a clockwise direction as seen when looking at the piston side of the engine.
 14. 14
 Everything should now be running smoothly and you can let it run until the fuel runs out. If you want to stop it running very temporarily you may place your finger into the flywheel to restrict its movement. If you do that, the Safety Valve will fizz with boiling steam and water until you allow the flywheel to run again. This is not a dangerous thing to do and can be quite fun but just be wary of the very hot spitting steam!
 15. 15
 When you have had enough of running the engine, drain the water and just put it away - clean it if you want to but it's not absolutely necessary.
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 If this question (or a similar one) is answered twice in this section, please click here to let us know.
 Tips
 - Some suppliers offer a free advice service which can be a lifeline to new Mamod model enthusiasts.
 - When considering whether to buy brand new or secondhand you need to decide if you want a challenge or a ready to run model. As with most purchases, the more you spend, generally the better the value for money.
 - A word of wisdom and experience: Be prepared to be disappointed with your purchase from eBay but don't lose heart because 90% of non working engines can be economically restored without any experience. If your engine turns out OK you have got yourself a lovely model like kids enjoyed over 50 years ago.
 - Mamod parts do wear out and so if you find the Safety Valve does not allow adequate steam pressure, or the Piston/cylinder Assembly is losing excessive steam it will be necessary to replace the offending part. New parts can be cheaply obtained from Internet web sites and eBay sellers.
 - Any faulty or broken part or even a new boiler can still be easily obtained on line.
 - Most engines exchange owners on eBay. You will get pretty good value for money with some engines being rare and immaculate. You will get what you pay for and will always need to spend at least £35 to get something that is ready to run or maybe needs a small amount spent on it to make it run perfectly.
 Warnings
 - Make sure that when you refill the burner device (solid or liquid) that you always refill the water boiler. If not, you could damage the rubber washers on the Safety Valve in which case a new valve will be required. The soldered joints in the boiler bushes could also melt, which would need skilled repair to make the engine serviceable again.
 - Take care not to look down at the Safety Valve - it will take your eye out if it breaks! There has been at least one instance of a Safety Valve hitting the ceiling.
 - When refilling with meths, make sure the fire is out before beginning to pour, which is not always easy if the machine is being used outside as the flame is virtually invisible in sunlight. In 1976, there was a dreadful accident when a child was seriously burned while refueling an unextinguished burner. Mamod's sales collapsed after the case was featured on the "That's Life" TV consumer programme, this is what led to the meths burners being replaced with solid fuel burners now supplied.
 - Be careful when using Methylated Spirit or methyl alcohol because it easily spills and so can catch fire and burn where not intended. Anything that got wet with alcohol while you were filling the burner should be moved far away before you light up. The fumes of the alcohol can collect in a calm and enclosed space, so always light up in a well ventilated place.
 - Do not let young children near a hot engine because little fingers can get hurt or in the worst case, burned.
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text:
On the occasion of World Cancer Day which was observed on 04.02.2024, the Department of Community Medicine conducted a Health Education Program at the Urban Health Training Centre, Saraswathi Nagar.
Dr. Jyothi Conjeevaram, Professor & HOD spoke in detail about various cancers that are common in India and also the most common cancers among men & women in India. She also briefed them about Self Breast Examination which is an important and other factors preventive practice. The role of diet and the use of tobacco products in causing cancer was also dealt with at length.
Dr. Saranya, a Post-Graduate of Community Medicine enlightened the gathering about breast cancer, its risk factors, and screening for breast cancer. Dr. Kumar, Professor of Community Medicine.
Dr C Kumar, Professor, Dr. Sai Sravan, Associate Professor, other faculty, PG & Interns of the department also participated in the event. Dr. D.M. Karthik, M.O., UHTC actively participated in conducting the health education program. Dr. Prasad, Associate Professor of Biochemistry & NSS Program Officer, at Narayana Medical College also attended the Program.


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Safe Landing is a 3-year policy and program development initiative that focuses in on the issues of long-term housing and aftercare for those who are exiting the sex trade, informed by those with lived experience. Safe Landing has been funded by Public Safety Canada, with support from the Nova Scotia Department of Justice. Specifically, Safe Landing seeks to:
The goals of Safe Landing are:
- To consult with marginalized communities and persons with lived experience of the sex trade to inform policies and practice.
- To faciliate housing opportunities that provide safe, supportive housing for victims of trafficking which meet their particular needs and address complex trauma.
- To develop resource materials, share knowledge through training and build capacity regionally and nationally to replicate similar programs.
Educational and Awareness Materials
All content was created through academic and grey literature reviews, as well as national and international scoping reviews, identity-community consultations and speaking with individuals with lived experience. These materials explain the indicators of sexual exploitation, a glossary of terminology used within the sex trade, and practice principles for supporting trafficked and exploited persons.