text:
5. Trim the skewer ends for the grill grate
Trim the wooden skewer ends with wire cutters or a pair of kitchen shears until they're flush with the rind.
6. Insert the celery for the grill legs
Insert 3 celery stalks into the holes on the bottom of the watermelon. You may need to widen the holes slightly, but you want them to be tight. For added stability, you can also insert wooden skewers for the "grill legs" and hide them with the celery stalks.
More: Here's How to Grill Your Favorite Types of Fish
7. Make the fruit kebabs
Make the fruit kebabs with small chucks of cantaloupe, strawberries, kiwis, blueberries, grapes, pineapple and watermelon balls.
8. Put the kebabs on the grill
Place the fruit kebabs on and around the watermelon grill.
9. Make a grill lid
To make the grill "lid," attach a small piece of cucumber or zucchini to the top of the smaller watermelon bowl with toothpicks. The lid can be propped on the side of the watermelon grill by inserting more toothpicks to secure it in place.
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This documentation supports the 19.08 version of BMC CMDB.
To view an earlier version, select the version from the Product version menu.
Monitoring a reconciliation job
You can monitor a reconciliation job by using the fail-safe mechanism or from the Reconciliation component.
Overview of the fail-safe mechanism
The fail-safe mechanism is available only when you configure a value for the Job Idle Time (minutes) parameter. You can set this parameter and all other reconciliation-related fields in the new Dashboard, select Configurations > Core Configurations, and click the Reconciliation component in the left pane.
The fail-safe mechanism in the reconciliation engine monitors the progress of all the running jobs (scheduled, continuous, and non-continuous). When it encounters an unresponsive job, the mechanism automatically restarts the job. For noncontinuous jobs, the mechanism stops the current job and starts a new job. For continuous jobs, the mechanism stops the current run and lets the next run start after the continuous interval of that job has elapsed.
For example, assume that you have configured the job idle time for 500 minutes. The fail-safe mechanism monitors all the jobs after every 500 minutes. If the fail-safe mechanism detects a job that is not responding (not processing a CI) for more than 500 minutes, it restarts the unresponsive job.
To use the fail-safe mechanism to monitor reconciliation jobs
You can monitor a reconciliation job from the Reconciliation component and interpret the various values displayed in the Job Details area. This mechanism logs all the traces in the arrecond.log file. Locate the log file if you have configured it to reside in a particular directory. Usually, this log file resides in the installation directory; for example: \Program Files\BMC Software\AtriumCore\Logs.
When working with the fail-safe mechanism, consider the following information:
 - The allowable time interval for which a job can remain idle is configurable.
 - The configured time interval is in minutes.
 - The default job idle time is 0 minutes.
 1. From the Data Flow section of the CMDB Dashboard, click Reconciliation. (Alternatively, on the CMDB Dashboard, select Jobs > Manage Reconciliation.)
 The following page is displayed.
 2. From the Dataset list, select a data set name for which you want to view the jobs, or select All to view jobs for all the data sets in CMDB.
 3. From the upper-right corner, select the time period for which you want to view the jobs.
 For example, you can select Today, Last 7 days, and so on.
 For the selected data set and time-period filters, the ribbon component displays the following fields:
Ribbon ComponentFieldDescription
JobsTotal
Count of all jobs that have run at least once plus jobs that have not run even once.
ExecutedCount of jobs that have run at least once for the applied data set and time-period filters.
Pending
Count of jobs that have not run even once for the applied data set and time-period filters.
CIsTotalCount of all CIs processed in all the executed jobs.
GoodCount of CIs that are successfully reconciled for the executed jobs.
ErrorsCount of CIs that failed reconciliation for the executed jobs.
RelationshipsTotalCount of all relationships processed in all the executed jobs.
GoodCount of relationships that are successfully reconciled for the executed jobs.
ErrorsCount of relationships that failed reconciliation for the executed jobs.
Important
 - The values displayed in the Jobs ribbon component are run-time values.
 - The values in the CIs and Relationships ribbon components are generated by the Datasources Utility.
 This utility runs at scheduled times, as set in the Configurations menu.
 A message above the ribbon provides the date and time when the server last ran the utility.
 - The time-period values are dependent on the the date of the dashboard utility run and not related to the actual calendar date.
 - The information displayed for the Today option is the information populated in the last dashboard utility run. For example, you select Today in the time-period filter on 20 July 2017. If the dashboard utility was last run on 16 July 2017, the CI details that are displayed are for 16 July 2017. Additionally, if you select Last 7 days in the time-period filter, the CI details that are displayed are from 9 July 2017 to 15 July 2017.
Below the ribbon component, the All Job Run Activities table lists the details of each job in a row. Each row has the following fields:
FieldDescription
Job Name
Displays the job name that you provided when creating the job. Click a job name to view the job settings page. This page displays the following sections:
 - Job Details: Displays the Job Name, Job ID, creation date, modification date, and the reconciliation features applied to the job such as enable or disable Delete Files on Exit, Exclude Orphaned Weak CIs, and so on.
 - Status: Displays the current status of the job such as Completed, Aborted, and so on.
 - Activities: Displays three tabs that contain the settings you have done for Identify, Merge, and Purge activities.
 - Schedule: Displays the current job schedule such as Continuous, or Recurring every day, every week, and so on.
You can also edit, delete, and start the job from this page.
Job Status
Displays one of the following job statuses:
 - In Progress: The job is currently in progress.
 - Completed: The job completed successfully.
 - Aborted: The job was not completed because of errors.
 - Stopped: The job was stopped before completion.
CIs
Displays a count of CIs that succeeded and failed to reconcile.
Values in the green CIs column represent the number of CIs reconciled successfully, while values in the red CIs column represent the number of CIs that failed reconciliation. You can drill-down into the failed CIs by clicking the link for the number of failed CIs. This drill down page provides a Recommended Actions column that lists the solutions for resolving the failed CIs.
Relationships
Displays a count of relationships that succeeded and failed to reconcile.
Values in the green Relationships column represent the number of relationships reconciled successfully, while values in the red Relationships column represent the number of relationships that failed reconciliation. You can drill down into the failed relationships by clicking the link for the number of failed relationships. This drill-down page provides a Recommended Actions column that lists the solutions for resolving the failed relationships.
Runs History
Displays a link for the number of times the job has run so far. Click the link to view a page that displays the job history such as the job status, start time, and end time for each run of the job. Click the Status of a job to expand the job row and view the Activities and Events tabs.
Note
Currently, a reconciliation job with multiple activities of the same type displays multiple job entries in the last-run job.
ActivitiesDisplays a link with the number of activities configured for the reconciliation job. Click the link to expand the job row and view the Activities and Events tabs. The Activities tab displays the details of the Identify, Merge, and Purge activities configured for the job, the current status of each activity, and so on. The Events tab provides description for each of the activities such as, the number of records found, the number of failures for identification, and so on.
Note
 - If you stop a continuous job, it continues to process data for the the current run until it is complete. The job does not stop immediately.
 For example, if you have set a continuous job to run every 1800 seconds and you click Stop Job at 1600 seconds after it started, the job status displays the In Progress status till the duration of 1800 seconds is complete. You can edit a job only after it stops.
 - If you make changes to a continuous job, the changes will reflect only once you stop and restart the job manually.
For more information about creating and monitoring a reconciliation job, go to the Walkthroughs widget on the Dashboard, or go to the Reconciliation component, and from the walk-through options, click CMDB Reconciliation Video.
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Determining if there is Air in the Brine System
A good way to determine if you have air in your brine system is by observing your balance tank. The two illustrations below depict a situation where there is air in the brine system. The illustration on the left depicts the brine pump running. This is evident by the pressure on the brine pressure gauge. Note that the brine level in the balance tank is quite low. The reason for the lower brine level is that all of the air in the system is being compressed by the brine pump. The pressurization of the air reduces the volume of air in the floor piping grid. This reduced air volume is then replaced by brine from the balance tank. The illustration on the right shows the system after the brine pump has shut off. Note that the pressure gauge is now at 0 PSI pressure. The air decompresses and returns to its original volume which displaces brine from the floor piping grid back into the balance tank. If there is a great deal of air in the system it will displace so much brine that it will overflow down the drain as shown in the right hand illustration. The real hazard here is each time the pump cycles on and off more air will enter the system and eventually a great deal of brine will be lost potentially destroying the chiller.
Two images of balance tanks, left with brine pump on and right with brine pump off


$key, $member ); =head3 sunion my _USER_ = $r->sunion( $key1, $key2,... ); my $elements = $r->sunion( $key1, $key2,... ); # ARRAY ref =head3 sunionstore my $ok = $r->sunionstore( $dstkey, $key1, $key2,... ); =head2 Commands operating on hashes Hashes in Redis cannot be nested as in perl, if you want to store a nested hash, you need to serialize the hash first. If you want to have a named hash, you can use Redis-hashes. You will find an example in the tests of this module t/01-basic.t =head3 hset Sets the value to a key in a hash. $r->hset('hashname', $key => $value); ## returns true on success =head3 hget Gets the value to a key in a hash. my $value = $r->hget('hashname', $key); =head3 hexists if($r->hexists('hashname', $key) { ## do something, the key exists } else { ## the key does not exist } =head3 hdel Deletes a key from a hash if($r->hdel('hashname', $key)) { ## key is deleted } else { ## oops } =head3 hincrby Adds an integer to a value. The integer is signed, so a negative integer decrements. my $key = 'testkey'; $r->hset('hashname', $key => 1); ## value -> 1 my $increment = 1; ## has to be an integer $r->hincrby('hashname', $key => $increment); ## value -> 2 $increment = 5; $r->hincrby('hashname', $key => $increment); ## value -> 7 $increment = -1; $r->hincrby('hashname', $key => $increment); ## value -> 6 =head3 hsetnx Adds a key to a hash unless it is not already set. my $key = 'testnx'; $r->hsetnx('hashname', $key => 1); ## returns true $r->hsetnx('hashname', $key => 2); ## returns false because key already exists =head3 hmset Adds multiple keys to a hash. $r->hmset('hashname', 'key1' => 'value1', 'key2' => 'value2'); ## returns true on success =head3 hmget Returns multiple keys of a hash. my _USER_ = $r->hmget('hashname', 'key1', 'key2'); =head3 hgetall Returns the whole hash. my %hash = $r->hgetall('hashname'); =head3 hkeys Returns the keys of a hash. my _USER_ = $r->hkeys('hashname'); =head3 hvals Returns the values of a hash. my _USER_ = $r->hvals('hashname'); =head3 hlen Returns the count of keys in a hash. my $keycount = $r->hlen('hashname'); =head2 Sorting =head3 sort $r->sort("key BY pattern LIMIT start end GET pattern ASC|DESC ALPHA'); =head2 Publish/Subscribe commands When one of L or L is used, the Redis object will enter I mode. When in I mode only commands in this section, plus L, will be accepted. If you plan on using PubSub and other Redis functions, you should use two Redis objects, one dedicated to PubSub and the other for regular commands. All Pub/Sub commands receive a callback as the last parameter. This callback receives three arguments: =over 4 =item * The published message. =item * The topic over which the message was sent. =item * The subscribed topic that matched the topic for the message. With L these last two are the same, always. But with L, this parameter tells you the pattern that matched. =back See the L for more information about the messages you will receive on your callbacks after each L, L, L and L. =head3 publish $r->publish($topic, $message); Publishes the C<< $message >> to the C<< $topic >>. =head3 subscribe $r->subscribe( _USER_, sub { my ($message, $topic, $subscribed_topic) = _USER_;... }, ); Subscribe one or more topics. Messages published into one of them will be received by Redis, and the specificed callback will be executed. =head3 unsubscribe $r->unsubscribe(_USER_, sub { my ($m, $t, $s) = _USER_;... }); Stops receiving messages for all the topics in C<_USER_>. =head3 psubscribe my _USER_ = ('prefix1.*', 'prefix2.*'); $r->psubscribe(_USER_, sub { my ($m, $t, $s) = _USER_;... }); Subscribes a pattern of topics. All messages to topics that match the pattern will be delivered to the callback. =head3 punsubscribe my _USER_ = ('prefix1.*', 'prefix2.*'); $r->punsubscribe(_USER_, sub { my ($m, $t, $s) = _USER_;... }); Stops receiving messages for all the topics pattern matches in C<_USER_>. =head3 is_subscriber if ($r->is_subscriber) { say "We are in Pub/Sub mode!" } Returns true if we are in I mode. =head3 wait_for_messages my $keep_going = 1; ## Set to false somewhere to leave the loop my $timeout = 5; $r->wait_for_messages($timeout) while $keep_going; Blocks, waits for incoming messages and delivers them to the appropriate callbacks. Requires a single parameter, the number of seconds to wait for messages. Use 0 to wait for ever. If a positive non-zero value is used, it will return after that ammount of seconds without a single notification. Please note that the timeout is not a commitement to return control to the caller at most each C seconds, but more a idle timeout, were control will return to the caller if Redis is idle (as in no messages were received during the timeout period) for more than C seconds. The L call returns the number of messages processed during the run. =head2 Persistence control commands =head3 save $r->save; =head3 bgsave $r->bgsave; =head3 lastsave $r->lastsave; =head2 Scripting commands =head3 eval $r->eval($lua_script, $num_keys, $key1,..., $arg1, $arg2); Executes a Lua script server side. Note that this commands sends the Lua script every time you call it. See L and L for an alternative. =head3 evalsha $r->eval($lua_script_sha1, $num_keys, $key1,..., $arg1, $arg2); Executes a Lua script cached on the server side by its SHA1 digest. See L. =head3 script_load my ($sha1) = $r->script_load($lua_script); Cache Lua script, returns SHA1 digest that can be used with L. =head3 script_exists my ($exists1, $exists2,...) = $r->script_exists($scrip1_sha, $script2_sha,...); Given a list of SHA1 digests, returns a list of booleans, one for each SHA1, that report the existence of each script in the server cache. =head3 script_kill $r->script_kill; Kills the currently running script. =head3 script_flush $r->script_flush; Flush the Lua scripts cache. =head2 Remote server control commands =head3 info my $info_hash = $r->info; The C method is unique in that it decodes the server's response into a hashref, if possible. This decoding happens in both synchronous and pipelined modes. =head3 shutdown $r->shutdown; The C method does not support pipelined operation. =head3 slowlog my $nr_items = $r->slowlog("len"); my _USER_ = $r->slowlog("get", 10); The C command gives access to the server's slow log. =head2 Multiple databases handling commands =head3 select $r->select( $dbindex ); # 0 for new clients =head3 move $r->move( $key, $dbindex ); =head3 flushdb $r->flushdb; =head3 flushall $r->flushall; =head1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The following persons contributed to this project (alphabetical order): =over 4 =item * Aaron Crane (pipelining and AUTOLOAD caching support) =item * Dirk Vleugels =item * Flavio Poletti =item * Jeremy Zawodny =item * sunnavy at bestpractical.com =item * Thiago Berlitz Rondon =item * Ulrich Habel =back =head1 AUTHORS =over 4 =item * Pedro Melo =item * Damien Krotkine =back =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE This software is Copyright (c) 2013 by Pedro Melo, Damien Krotkine. This is free software, licensed under: The Artistic License 2.0 (GPL Compatible)


text:
Economic Report of the President
The Economic Report of the President is an annual report written by the Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers. It overviews the nation's economic progress using text and extensive data appendices. The Economic Report of the President is transmitted to Congress no later than ten days after the submission of the Budget of the United States Government. Information provided includes current and foreseeable trends and numerical goals concerning topics such as employment, production, real income and Federal budget outlays, employment objectives for significant groups of the labor force, annual numeric goals, and a program for carrying out program objectives. The report has been published since 1947.
1947 to 2013
Indexes of Quantity and Unit Value of United States Domestic Merchandise Exports, by Economic Class
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source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Norse Greenland: Viking Peasants in the Arctic
How could a community of 2000â€"3000 Viking peasants survive in Arctic Greenland for 430 years (ca. 985â€"1415), and why did they finally disappear? European agriculture in an Arctic environment encountered serious ecological challenges. The Norse peasants faced these challenges by adapting
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Every Brain Matters is a unifying alliance of professionals, organizations, and individual that educate about the danger of marijuana and the drug culture expansion.
Support/Recovery Group
Every Brain Matters Support Group is an online group for people harmed by marijuana and seeking healing/recovery. This includes people harmed by using marijuana themselves and are in recovery and the families/friends of people who've been harmed or lost their lives as a direct or indirect result of marijuana use. This can include addiction, psychosis, suicide, homicide, DUI's, Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome, and other incidents of injury or trauma resulting in harms or death, overdoses, and where marijuana was a gateway, companion, and/or relapse drug.
Advocacy Group
The Every Brain Matters Advocacy group has been created for those who want to advocate against full-scale legalization of marijuana, and for strict regulation and preventative measures in areas where this drug is already legal. The goal of this group is to work together as a team to make action-based short and long term goals regarding marijuana policies, education, public and political awareness, regulatory practices, and other actions that will help curtail the widespread acceptance, commercialization, and normalization of marijuana.
Survivors Group
Every Brain Matters celebrates recovery and honor those who are willing to share their experience, strength and hope.
Memorial Group
We remember and honor those who were harmed by the effects of marijuana.
Calendar of Meetings
-Support/Recovery meetings
-Advocacy meetings,
-Mar-Anon meetings
-Important Events


Dating and courtship in the philippines sex dating in rock island washington
Courtship always has marriage as its direct goal...Dating, a more modern approach, begins when either the man or the woman initiates a more-than-friends relationship with the other, and then they conduct that relationship outside of any oversight or authority. Christian minister Patricia Bootsma delineates this distinction, writing that in contrast to the modern conception of dating, in "courtship, time together in groups with family or friends is encouraged, and there is oversight by and accountability to parents or mentors".Courtship is used by a number of theorists to explain gendering processes and sexual identity.Scientific research into courtship began in the 1980s after which time academic researchers started to generate theories about modern dating practices and norms.Unlike what is regularly seen in other societies, it takes a far more subdued and indirect approach.It is complex in that it involves stages, and it is considered normal for courtship to last a year or longer.
dating and courtship in the philippines-11dating and courtship in the philippines-75dating and courtship in the philippines-17dating and courtship in the philippines-40
During courtship, a couple get to know each other and decide if there will be an engagement or other such agreement.In some societies, the parents or community propose potential partners, and then allow limited dating to determine whether the parties are suited.In Japan, there is a such type of courtship called Omiai, with similar practices called "Xiangqin" (相親) in the Greater China Area.The average duration of courtship varies considerably throughout the world.Furthermore, there is vast individual variation between couples.
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August 23rd individuals fall under the sun sign Virgo. Browse through this article for a list of famous people born on 23rd August and also know more about their personality traits.
The profound influence of the planet Mercury determines the basic probabilities of the nature and characteristic of individuals born on August 23rd. The planet not only rules the zodiacal group, but also governs the particular date. As such, these people display typical personality traits of efficiency, dexterity and observance. They are highly generous, creative, charming and sincere with a yearning for knowledge and information. What is the most unique trait of these people is their innate ability to perceive any situation quickly and then act on it almost immediately. August 23rd individuals love to travel and are adventurous by nature. However, they can turn out to be self-centered, aloof and snappy at times.
Barbara EdenBarbara Eden
Eugene Curran KellyEugene Curran Kelly
02 February 1996
Julian CasablancasJulian Casablancas
New York City
Keith John MoonKeith Moon
07 September 1978
Kobe BryantKobe Bryant
(Basketball player)
Louis XVI of FranceLouis XVI of France
(King of France)
21 January 1793
Palace of Versailles
Luis de MatosLuis de Matos
Natalie CoughlinNatalie Coughlin
Vallejo, California
Akhmad KadyrovAkhmad Kadyrov
09 May 2004
Karaganda, Kazakh SSR, USSR
John Sherman CooperJohn Sherman Cooper
21 February 1991
Nelson DeMilleNelson DeMille
River Jude PhoenixRiver Jude Phoenix
31 October 1993
William Jacob Will CuppyWilliam Jacob Will Cuppy
19 September 1949
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Personality Traits & Characteristic of Famous People Born on August 23
Perfectionists of sorts, individuals born on August 23rd are versatile folks with a penchant for creativity and ingenuity. Ruled by the planet Mercury, the ruler of both the zodiacal group and the actual day, these people have an analytical mind and a rational approach to life. This practicality often overshadows the caring, sensitive and compassionate temperament of these people. The observant nature, charming personality and sophisticated taste of these people make them unique and distinctive. Adding to this is their generous and sincere nature that makes these individuals have a positive and productive outlook towards life and people. August 23rd individuals have great communication skills and are gifted speakers.
Emotional imbalance disrupts the smooth functioning and the healthy being of individuals born on August 23rd. Since these individuals do not express themselves well, the bottled up emotions does more harm than good for their overall health. An emotionally upsetting situation can cause hindrance in the vitality of these people. However, due to their fondness for exercises, individuals with this birthday hardly go out of shape. The only thing that they need to regulate is their intake of sugar in the diet.
What makes August 23rd people distinct from their fellow beings is the fact that they can manage well in any type of financial situation. As such, having a petty income or a wholesome one hardly matters for August 23rd individuals. However, if blessed with an above average income, these people are extremely generous and believe in sharing their fortune with others.
An August 23rd born does not plunge into the job easily. In fact, it takes a whole lot of things to capture the attention of people born on this date. These individuals look for a profession that mentally stimulates them. Changes and challenges should be a vital part of the profile to keep these individuals going. These people are endowed with an eye for detail and are truly efficient and capable. Unlike others, they are happy to work in a team or group rather than alone but are most efficient when placed in the position of a team leader.
Relationships, Marriage & Children
Romantically, August 23rd individuals are enthusiastic about love and romance and are keen on commitment. Though they may appear to be unemotional, rigid and fiercely independent folks on the surface, these people seek for a partner with whom they can share their actual inner self. True love, respect, friendship and equality are qualities they want in their relationship with their partner. A lesser known fact is that August 23rd individuals are great listeners, which come in handy while maintaining a blissful alliance with their partner. They are also immensely thoughtful, kind, loyal and devoted. Parenting comes naturally to those born on this date. If they aren't blessed with their own children, they are likely to enjoy with youngsters by enrolling themselves at humanitarian or charitable organizations.
Lucky Color: Green
Lucky Days (of the month): 5, 14, 15, 25
Famous People By


Ordering of Steps
In the recipes package, there are no constraints on the order in which steps are added to the recipe; you as a user are free to apply steps in the order appropriate to your data preprocessing needs. However, the order of steps matters and there are some general suggestions that you should consider.
Transforming a variable
Handling levels in categorical data
The order of steps for handling categorical levels is important, because each step sets levels for the next step to use as input. These steps create factor output, even if the input is of character type.
Dummy variables
Recipes do not automatically create dummy variables (unlike most formula methods).
Recommended preprocessing outline
While every individual project's needs are different, here is a suggested order of potential steps that should work for most problems:
 1. Impute
 2. Handle factor levels
 3. Individual transformations for skewness and other issues
 4. Discretize (if needed and if you have no other choice)
 5. Create dummy variables
 6. Create interactions
 7. Normalization steps (center, scale, range, etc)
 8. Multivariate transformation (e.g. PCA, spatial sign, etc)
Again, your mileage may vary for your particular problem.
Try the recipes package in your browser
recipes documentation built on April 16, 2021, 5:09 p.m.


text:
WHAT IS DIESEL EXHAUST FLUID (DEF) FUEL CONTAMINATION?
DEF is a urea-based chemical that is not approved for use in jet fuel. When mixed with jet fuel,
DEF will react with certain jet fuel chemical components to form crystalline deposits in the fuel
system. These deposits will flow through the aircraft fuel system and may accumulate on filters,
fuel metering components, other fuel system components, or engine fuel nozzles. The deposits may
also settle in the fuel tanks or other areas of the aircraft fuel system where they may potentially
become dislodged over time and accumulate downstream in the fuel system as described above.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Indian Navy SSB Interview Procedure
Many defense aspirants dream of being an Indian Navy officer or army officer or Air Force officer. There are several aspects that a candidate needs to focus while attending SSB Interview as one has to cross this barrier of selection to get recruited in defense services. So as to be selected in Indian defense services overall development of personality, knowledge and body is required. Candidate need to brush up his knowledge and bring him officer like qualities, in short one need to adapt an environment of defense services, discipline and attitude to get in SSB Interview. First step is to apply through exams like National defense academy (NDA) or combined defense service examination (CDSE) or Air Force Common Admission Test (AFCAT).
Second method is to apply various army, navy or air force courses and get admission through academic records after graduation through which a candidate needs to go for SSB Interview. SSB Interview is conducted as test in which there are different stages that candidate have to crack. It's a complete procedure of 5 days and they are mentioned as below:
The very first day of selection is the stage-1, where the candidate faces picture perception and description test and intelligence test for the analyzing of aptitude level of candidate. The tests that are carried out are as follows:
- Picture Perception and description test
- Intelligence Test
- Analyzing the Picture
- Candidates need to focus on the vital points like facts, characters, moods in the image, Gender and their age. Keen observation is required when pictures are shown to aspirants for writing a brief story.
The second day of selection is based upon the selections that had happened before in the previous round of selection i.e. stage-1. Those candidates need to focus on the next stages that they will face for test like:
- Thematic Apperception Test
- Word Association Test
- Situation Reaction Test
- Self-Description Test
These tests are conducted to know that how much attention does candidate pay while observing and their sense of judging things and situations.
This is the stage from where the complete procedure of performing in a group is carried on that is known as GTO Round-1. In this stage candidates need to face several tasks like:
- Group Discussion
- Group Planning Exercise
- Progressive Group task.
- Group Obstacle Race
- Half Group Task
This is the stage-4 that is carried out after candidate clears their third round of interview which was carried on day-3 and in this stage the tasks carried are:
- Individual Obstacles
- Command tasks
- Final Group Tasks
This round is last and final in which the candidates complete all the tough modes of task and last round in which conference is held where interview officer panel interview candidate i.e. personal interview is carried out on day-5 just normal round of questioning.
Once these all days are cleared candidate got hired as per his scoring in per round from day-1 to day-5.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


TextReadingOrder TextReadingOrder TextReadingOrder TextReadingOrder Enum
Definition
Provides a value for TextReadingOrder properties.
public : enum class TextReadingOrderpublic enum TextReadingOrderPublic Enum TextReadingOrder// This API is not available in Javascript.
<object property="textReadingOrderMemberName"/>
Attributes
Windows 10 requirements
Device family
Windows 10 (introduced v10.0.10240.0)
API contract
Windows.Foundation.UniversalApiContract (introduced v1)
Fields
Default Default Default Default
Do not detect flow direction from content. Use FlowDirection value (if any) for reading order decisions. (Windows 8.1)
DetectFromContent DetectFromContent DetectFromContent DetectFromContent
Detect flow direction from text content. For bidirectional text, text containers will infer the reading order for text based on the content. See Remarks.
UseFlowDirection UseFlowDirection UseFlowDirection UseFlowDirection
Do not detect flow direction from content. Use FlowDirection value (if any) for reading order decisions. (Starting with Windows 10)
Remarks
Important
Starting with Windows 10, the enumeration value 0 has the constant name UseFlowDirection.
The TextReadingOrder properties influences the reading order (left-to-right or right-to-left) of individual UI elements that contain bidirectional text. These properties can be set to TextReadingOrder ="DetectFromContent" so that content can be detected dynamically, rather than using a FlowDirection property on a content parent. The DetectFromContent logic uses the first strong character in each paragraph to determine the reading direction for the paragraph, based on the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm, P2.
This property can be useful when the base direction of the text is unknown, and may not match the user's language or direction. For more info see How to support bidirectional UI.
If content is coming from data binding, this avoids the need for binding to FlowDirection with a converter that interprets right-to-left locale info that comes from the data.
Unlike FlowDirection and its logic, the reading order logic for DetectFromContent will not affect the alignment of the text within the text control, it just adjusts the order in which blocks of bidirectional text are laid out.
See Also


Unique Differences Between Historical Dramas In China, Japan And Korea
The 3 countries have major differences.
There are lots of fun traditional dramas that have come out of China, Japan, and Korea. Check out some of the subtle differences between them!
1. China
Most of them are pre-produced, so sometime entire scenes must be re-filmed even if the drama has entered the editing process.
Korean dramas tend not to do this as it raises the cost of production. It's possible for Korean dramas to be finished editing mere hours before the episode airs.
For dramas set in the Qing Dynasty, actors must shave their heads for the role.
Though costume makeup has developed, many actors still shave their heads to make the drama more realistic.
2. Japan
Japanese dramas about the Edo period also require male actors to shave parts of their head.
Supposedly, this hairstyle made it easier for samurai to wear their helmets and was a sign of honour.
On NHK, they have an annual historical drama called "Taiga dramas" that broadcast every Sunday, from January to December.
Each story changes every year, and the tradition began back in 1963. At the end of the year, they broadcast a special 3 to 4 hour version of the full story.
3. Korea
Many actors in Korean traditional dramas decide to forgo the hairstyle of their ancestors, and simply cover their heads with traditional headgear.
According to ancient texts, this is how their ancestors styled their hair.
It's understandable that Korean actors decided to avoid this unique hairstyle.
Source: Dispatch


DIETCOST
The DIETCOST programme has been developed, using Python, to model the cost of healthy and current, less healthy population diets using combinations of a list of commonly consumed foods, a set of min and max quantity/serves constraints for each, and specified food group and nutrient intakes based on dietary guidelines (healthy diets) and nutrition survey data (current diets for different population groups). The programme has been applied in New Zealand as a case study for the total population, specific ethnic population groups and changes in cost over time.
The programme is available for other research groups and is supported by a DIETCOST manual. Let us know if you are interested in using the programme or require support. Please contact Stefanie Vandevijvere: _EMAIL_.


How to configure a graph using a system or schema option.
option(arg)[.set( value ) | get() | unset( value)]
Options are only available for Classic Graph, and are deprecated in DataStax Graph 6.8.
Graphs can be configured per graph using the following options, in either the Schema API or the System API; see those pages for examples of using option().
Table 1. Graph-Specific OptionsGraph-specific options are preceded by graph; for example, graph.allow_scan.
Option argument Setting Example Description Default
allow_scan true Allow full graph scan queries. Use only during development. true
schema_mode Production Set mode to Production or Development. Development
default_property_key_cardinality Multiple The default cardinality for automatically defined properties. Single
tx_autostart true Set transaction to start automatically or open manually. false
Table 2. TraversalSource-specific optionsTraversalSource-specific options are preceded by graph.traversal_sources.* where * must be a specified traversal source such as the graph traversal g; for example, graph.traversal_sources.g.type. The most common TraversalSource is the graph traversal g.
Option argument Setting Example Description Default
Table 3. Transaction-specific optionsTransaction-specific options are preceded by graph.tx_groups.* where * must be specified as a transaction group or default. For example, graph.tx_groups.default.read_only will make all transactions not explicitly named read_only, whereas graph.tx_groups.myTxGroup.read_only would apply only to transactions which are given the group name myTxGroup.
Option Setting Example Description Default
internal_vertex_verify true Set transaction to verify that vertices for internally provided auto-generated vertex ids actually exist. false
external_vertex_verify false Set transaction to verify that vertices for externally provided user-defined vertex ids actually exist. true
prefetch true Sets the query executor to asynchronously pre-fetch data based on its expected execution of the traversal prior to the data being requested. This can reduce transaction latency but can cause throughput to worse. true
read_only true Set a transaction to read-only. false
single_thread true Set a transaction to be only accessed by a single thread. false
thread_bound true Set a transaction to be bound to a particular thread. false
vertex_cache_size 4000 Maximum size of the transaction-level cache of recently-used vertices 10000l
Configure a Classic graph. Options can be set with either the graph - Classic engine or Schema API, and get or unset operations are accomplished with the Schema API.


Request Customer Contact Information for Use in Your Skill
To use this feature, you query the Alexa Customer Profile API. The Alexa Customer Profile API obtains information from the active default Alexa profile, which might or might not represent who is speaking to Alexa. To ask for consent to access the contact information of the recognized speaker, use the Person Profile API. For details, see Request Recognized Speaker Contact Information for Use in Your Skill.
For details on how to request device address information, see Enhance Your Skill With Address Information. For a sample code demo, see Customer Profile Demo.
Before you begin
 - Your skill must not be a child-directed skill. For details on child-directed skills, see Child-Directed Alexa skills.
Any of the requested information, such as customer name, email address, or phone number, might not be available to your skill when requested. As such, your skill code should handle missing information gracefully.
How to request customer contact information
 1. Configure your skill in the developer console to indicate that the skill requires customer contact information. When the customer enables the skill, the customer is prompted, in the Alexa app, to consent to provide the contact information. If the customer chooses to not grant these permissions when enabling your skill, you may request this information, when needed, during invocation by using a permissions card. Ensure your skill handles the situation gracefully if the customer refuses to grant permission to access this information.
 2. Obtain the apiAccessToken from the LaunchRequest that Alexa sends your skill when a customer invokes the skill. Don't store the apiAccessToken, because it expires. Instead, obtain the apiAccessToken fresh from each subsequent request.
Configure the skill to request customer permissions
 1. Edit your skill in the developer console.
 - Customer Name > Full Name
 - Customer Name > Given Name (the customer's first name)
 - Customer Email Address
 - Customer Phone Number
If you use SMAPI or the Alexa Skills Kit Command Line Interface (ASK CLI) instead of the developer console to manage your skill, edit the skill manifest to request the desired permissions.
Get the API access token
The apiAccessToken is nested in the System object, which is nested in the context object. To see the full body of the request, see Request Format.
 "context": {
 "System": {
 "apiAccessToken": "AxThk...",
 "apiEndpoint": "",
Thus: accessToken = this.event.context.System.apiAccessToken
Authorization: Bearer AxThk...6fnLok
New CardAskForPermissionsConsentCard
Sample response with permissions card
The permissions values can be as shown in the following table:
Full Namealexa::profile:name:read
Given Name (First Name)alexa::profile:given_name:read
Email Addressalexa::profile:email:read
Phone Numberalexa::profile:mobile_number:read
The following is a sample response for a card with a request for name and phone number.
 "version": "1.0",
 "response": {
 "card": {
 "type": "AskForPermissionsConsent",
 "permissions": [
Use Skill Permission Accepted events in your skill
Use Skill Permission Accepted events in your skill so that your skill is notified when the customer has granted permissions to the skill.
Test the API as you develop your skill
To test what happens when a customer has provided permissions to your skill, make sure that you have granted the contact permissions for your skill in the Alexa app. When you open the skill ("Alexa, open skill_name"), Alexa sends a LaunchRequest to your skill. If the customer has granted the permissions, you can obtain the apiAccessToken from the request.
To test what happens when a customer hasn't provided permissions to your skill, make sure you have not granted, or that you have revoked, contact permissions for your skill in the Alexa app. When you open the skill ("Alexa, open skill_name"), Alexa sends a LaunchRequest to your skill. This request contains the apiAccessToken value, but the apiAccessToken doesn't specify the correct permissions. If your skill passes this token to the Alexa Customer Profile API, the API returns a 403 Forbidden response code.
Sample message to prompt customer to grant permissions through permissions card
Fallback message when customer contact information is not available
When your skill requests the customer's contact information, and the customer grants it, this information might still be unavailable, such as if a customer hasn't provided phone number to Amazon. If the requested customer information is unavailable, the API returns a 204 (no content) response.
Sample message if resource_name is unavailable
Suggested best practices when customer contact information is unavailable
As a skill developer, you can determine the appropriate response when the customer hasn't set up contact information.
For a good customer experience, ensure that you consider the skill workflow for all the scenarios in which you fail to get the desired information.
Base URIs and geographic location of the skill
 "version": "1.0",
 "session": {},
 "context": {
 "System": {
 "application": {
 "user": {},
 "apiAccessToken": "AxThk...",
 "apiEndpoint": ""
 "request": {}
The examples in this document use the US endpoint
Get customer contact information
Full Name/v2/accounts/~current/settings/
Email Address/v2/accounts/~current/settings/
Request example
Accept: application/json
Authorization: Bearer MQEWY...6fnLok
Accept: application/json
Authorization: Bearer MQEWY...6fnLok
Request headers
Header Description Type Required
Response example
X-Amzn-RequestId: xxxx-xxx-xxx
Content-Type: application/json
 "countryCode" : "+1",
 "phoneNumber" : "_PHONE_"
The following is a list of return types (all JSON values).
Full Name"string"
Given Name"string"
Email Address"string"
Response headers
Header Description
Content-Type application/json
Possible responses
Response Description
200 OK Successfully retrieved the requested information.
204 No Content The query did not return any results.
401 Unauthorized The authentication token is malformed or invalid.
403 Unauthorized The authentication token doesn't have access to the resource.
500 Internal Error An unexpected error occurred.


text:
How to Calculate Square Footage
So you desire to improve the appearance of your room by painting the walls or installing new flooring. No matter what kind of paint or flooring you choose, you need to ascertain the square footage of the floor or the walls. Even though a little bit of mathematics is involved, calculating square footage is not going to be that tough. It is very easy to measure the square footage of a room. All you will require is a measuring tape, paper, pencil and a calculator.
Follow these step by step instructions and it will be you who will be telling people how to measure square footage from now onwards –
- You will need to have two measurements of the floor or the wall you wish to ascertain the square footage. Let us use the floor as an example. With the help of a measuring tape, measure the length of the floor in inches and note down the figure on a piece of paper. Even though we are working on square footage, it is better to measure in inches as it is very uncommon for a floor to have exact even number foot measurement. For instance, a length of a floor is more likely to have measurements such as 12 feet 4 inches instead of a whole number.
- Measure the width of the floor and note it down again on the same piece of paper.
- Once you have the length and width, multiply the two measurements to calculate the figure. You may take the help of a calculator if required. The answer you get is square inches.
- Now you need to divide the answer by 144 to express it as square footage.
The above steps apply for a rectangular or square area. If you wish to measure a triangle area then follow the below mentioned steps –
- Firstly, measure the base of the triangle.
- Secondly, you need to measure the height of the triangle.
- Now you need to multiply the base measurement with the height measurement. You may use a calculator to determine the figure. Once you get the figure, divide the amount by two. The figure you get now is the square footage of a triangle area.
For calculating the square footage of the circular area, you need to measure the radius of the circle, square it up and lastly multiply it by pie (3.1416) to determine the figure.


list
4 min read
Python - Filter all uppercase characters Tuples from given list of tuples
Given a Tuple list, filter tuples that contain all uppercase characters. Input : test_list = [("GFG", "IS", "BEST"), ("GFg", "AVERAGE"), ("GfG", ), ("Gfg", "CS")] Output : [('GFG', 'IS', 'BEST')] Explanation : Only 1 tuple has all uppercase Strings. Input : test_list = [("GFG", "iS", "BEST"), ("GFg", "AVERAGE"), ("GfG", ), ("Gfg", "CS")] Output : [
8 min read
Python program to find Tuples with positive elements in List of tuples
Given a list of tuples. The task is to get all the tuples that have all positive elements. Examples: Input : test_list = [(4, 5, 9), (-3, 2, 3), (-3, 5, 6), (4, -6)] Output : [(4, 5, 9)] Explanation : Extracted tuples with all positive elements. Input : test_list = [(-4, 5, 9), (-3, 2, 3), (-3, 5, 6), (4, -6)] Output : [] Explanation : No tuple wit
10 min read
Python program to find tuples which have all elements divisible by K from a list of tuples
Given a list of tuples. The task is to extract all tuples which have all elements divisible by K. Input : test_list = [(6, 24, 12), (60, 12, 6), (12, 18, 21)], K = 6 Output : [(6, 24, 12), (60, 12, 6)] Explanation : Both tuples have all elements multiple of 6. Input : test_list = [(6, 24, 12), (60, 10, 5), (12, 18, 21)], K = 5 Output : [(60, 10, 5)
7 min read


text:
What are Butterfly Roofs and what are the Pros and Cons to Installing Them?
A butterfly roof is an attractive and quite unusual type of roof construction. In this article we'll look at the pros and cons of butterfly roofs.
What Exactly is a Butterfly Roof?
A butterfly roof is an architectural roof type that is more correctly known as an inverted-pitched roof. In simple, non-technical terms a butterfly roof is a 'V-shaped roof.
A butterfly roof is an inverted roof when compared to a more conventional gable roof. With a conventional roof, two pitched surfaces rise to meet each other at a central ridge. With a butterfly roof, two surfaces are pitched downwards and inwards towards the centre of the structure and meet in a central valley.
Butterfly roofs are so-called because they supposedly represent the wings of a butterfly in flight!
Butterfly roofs can be symmetrical where both 'wings' are of equal dimensions or asymmetrical where one wing is larger than the other. One property can also have a single or several butterfly roofs in its design.
Access our selection of exclusive, high-yielding, off-market property deals and a personal consultant to guide you through your options.
Butterfly roofs are sometimes said to have originated in the 1930s. They are sometimes attributed to Franco-Swiss architect and designer Le Corbusier.
Butterfly roofs rose to popularity in the modernist architectural styles of the 1950s and 1960s . They were particularly popular in new build housing in California, USA, where architect William Krisel was a proponent of the design.
Butterfly roof designs may be even older than the 20th century, however. A version of the butterfly roof is sometimes found in Georgian and Victorian architectural styles in the UK. They are also sometimes known as London roofs as they were used in London townhouse designs in the Georgian and Victorian periods. With a London roof, the inverted-pitched roof is hidden behind a parapet wall.
Where are Butterfly Roofs Found?
Butterfly roofs are found in houses and bungalows but can also be found in other residential buildings such as apartment blocks as well as in commercial buildings.
Butterfly roofs can be constructed of a number of materials, including roofing felt over timber decking, asphalt tiles or shingles, concrete tiles, slate, timber, galvanised steel, aluminium or glass.
Butterfly roofs can be found throughout the world but in the 21st century are now quite an unusual form of roof design.
Some of the main advantages of butterfly roofs are:
- Butterfly roofs give a distinctive look to a property. They have clean lines and are considered to be a visually attractive style (although today, butterfly roofs are considered to be something of a retro mid-century design).
- Butterfly roofs allow rooms in a property to have double-height rooms if required, which increases the feeling of space.
- Butterfly roofs allow the use of large windows in a property if required. These can add a bright, airy atmosphere to the rooms. They can also be used to help heat the rooms using solar gain or heat from the sun which can be very energy efficient.
- It is often claimed that butterfly roofs have good aerodynamic properties and are resistant to weather damage, such as from high winds.
- Butterfly roofs have good drainage and weatherproofing without the need for fascias, soffits and conventional gutters.
- Butterfly roofs can be used to collect rainwater efficiently via a central valley gutter and this water can then be reused. This might be an advantage for environmental reasons in an eco house or in an off-grid property. For example, a butterfly roof can be used to collect water for garden watering or even for treatment and use within the property (solar PV panels can also be installed on butterfly roofs just as on gable roofs).
And the Cons
The possible disadvantages of properties with a butterfly roof include:
- Butterfly roofs generally have a more complex structure than conventional roofs. They need to be properly and professionally designed so that they are structurally sound.
- Butterfly roofs can be more expensive to build than conventional gable roofs or flat roofs. This is because building them usually calls for more building materials and more labour. They require specialist building skills to construct them properly.
Butterfly roofs can be difficult to access for maintenance. Their design means it is more difficult to spot any damage that might have occurred to the roof or when maintenance is required as much of the roof is hidden by the pitch of the roof.
- A butterfly roof can create awkward room shapes and sizes which are not always that practical. It is also likely to require the use of central supports within the property which will affect the internal layout.
Butterfly roofs can be quite inefficient in terms of the use of space. For example, you cannot usually make the same use of the roof space for living accommodation as you can with a gable roof or hip roof.
- When a butterfly roof design is used with full-height windows this can cause issues with light, temperature, heating and ventilation. Rooms may be too light, too hot or too cold unless they have suitable heating and ventilation systems and blinds.
While there is little doubt that butterfly roofs have a strong aesthetic appeal it is also important to consider the practical advantages and disadvantages of this type of roof construction.


text:
Tissue Paper Square Frame
Project Sheet: cd1886
- Square Cream Frame
- Tissue Paper
- Mod Podge-Matte
- Painter's Tape
- Craft Knife/Razor Blade
- Glossy Accents
1. Using painter's tape, tape off the glass of
2. Using a paint brush, brush on a layer of Mod Podge to the front surface of the frame.
3. Lay a piece of tissue paper on top of the frame, gently pressing into the grooves of the
frame. Let dry for 30 minutes.
4. Gently brush on a layer of Mod Podge to the top of the layer of tissue paper. Lay
another layer of tissue paper on top of the other. Pressing gently into the grooves of
the frame. Let dry completely.
5. Gently brush on a layer of Mod Podge over the top surface of the frame/tissue paper.
6. Use a craft knife to cut along the inside edge of the frame, to cut away any excess
tissue paper. Make sure that it is dry before you do this, or it will tear the tissue
7. Using the Glossy Accents, adhere the sequins to the center of each indented circle on
the frame. Let dry.
8. Place photo inside of frame.


Meat Grinders
How to Use Meat Grinder
how to use meat grinder
It is easy to use the best meat grinder; assemble the grinder, place your meat on the plate, feed it down the hopper and then turn on the grinder. You then choose the speed you want the meat to be ground at, for KitchenAid, 6 to 8 is an ideal speed. You will be collecting your ground meat within no time. However, there are a few other things that are equally important. Here are some vital tips on:
How to Use Meat Grinder:
1. Keep Everything Cold
Keep everything cold
This is one very important consideration. Warm meat is bad for your grinder as it will smear, the fats leak out as well as have a cooked, pulpy and dry texture. To avoid this, ensure that your grinder spends an hour in the freezer before using it. Let you meat be well chilled up to the minute you start to grind it. For sausage meat which entails several grinds, place the ground meat into a bowl that is placed in another ice-filled bowl. This is to keep it well chilled.
2. Trim Your Meat
trim your meat
Smearing happens when the blade gets into contact with sinew thus making the blade become dull. The blade smooshes meat through the holes instead of cutting it. This results in a chewed up texture thus is in no way appealing. Therefore, trim your meat well
3. Look Out For Smearing
Smearing is visible and can, therefore, see it and correct it. Pieces of meat usually pass through the holes on the plate. In case you see both meat and fat coming out in one batch and often look wet and sticks on to the die surface, know that all is not well. Use the "reverse" function to fix the grinder if your grinder has one. Alternatively, disassemble the grinder, clean the blade and restart it.
4. Maintain a Sharp Blade
Maintaince sharp balde
The blade is one part that needs your attention. You shouldn't let it become dull as it will smear meat. However, you should know that most blades get better with repeated use. This is because of the microscopically grinding down of the metal thus making the contact between the plate and the blade tighter after every use. In case your blades become dull, sharpening them maybe once a year would be ideal to keep them in top-notch. You can as well opt to replace the blades once in a while.
5. Large To Small Plate
In case you need the very fine grind for your sausages, grinding the meat twice is the way to go. Start with the ¼-inch plate, chill the meat again and then grind it using the smaller die. This will not only produce finer pieces of meat but also avoid smearing. The more even grind will result in a fine-textured sausage.
6. Salt Meat before Grinding
salt meat before grinding
Salt dissolves some proteins and enables them to cross-link easier into a tight matrix resulting in the springier texture common in sausages.
Now you know that the best meat grinder doesn't always give you the best ground quality just like that. You need to take great care so that you don't compromise on the texture and quality of the ground meat.
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text:
Definitions for salmonberryˈsæm ənˌbɛr i
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
salm•on•ber•ryˈsæm ənˌbɛr i(n.)(pl.)-ries.
the salmon-colored, edible fruit of a raspberry, Rubus spectabilis, of the Pacific coast of North America.
the plant itself.
Origin of salmonberry:
cloudberry, dwarf mulberry, bakeapple, baked-apple berry, salmonberry, Rubus chamaemorus(noun)
creeping raspberry of north temperate regions with yellow or orange berries
salmonberry, salmon berry, thimbleberry, Rubus parviflorus(noun)
white-flowered raspberry of western North America and northern Mexico with thimble-shaped orange berries
salmonberry, Rubus spectabilis(noun)
large erect red-flowered raspberry of western North America having large pinkish-orange berries
A bush, taxonomic name Rubus spectabilis, found on the Pacific coast of North America
The fruit from this bush, similar in appearance and texture to the blackberry and raspberry


,,,,
In 1880, Gustave Lundberg and Christian Carff, planing mill operators, set up a direct current electric light plant, probably the first in Utah. It was a small Thompson-Houston machine with a capacity of fifty arcs, providing five lights for Logan City at $15.00 per month per light. January, 1886, the Logan Electric Light and Power Company was organized, capital stock $5000, one-half subscribed by Lundberg and Garff and the balance by Logan City Commissioners. In 1888, the city acquired complete ownership and it became Utah's first municipal electric light plant.


text:
We present a theoretical investigation of self-focusing in a hollow waveguide filled with noble gas. Our analysis was performed for a laser pulse that was predominantly in the fundamental mode and revealed the physical processes involved in self-focusing in a hollow waveguide. A critical power for self-focusing was obtained that was found to be substantially higher than the critical power for self-focusing in a bulk medium. Useful design criteria for pulse-compression systems are presented. We identify the parameter range for which the transverse variation of the pulse phase introduced by the Kerr nonlinearity is small.
© 1998 Optical Society of America
Gabriel Tempea and Thomas Brabec, "Theory of self-focusing in a hollow waveguide," Opt. Lett. 23, 762-764 (1998)


text: Modern Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are capable of supporting thousands of concurrent threads. However, they provide relatively little guarantee with respect to the coherence and consistency of the memory system. Thus, GPUs are prone to multitude of concurrency bugs related to inconsistent memory states. Many such bugs manifest as some form of data races at runtime, and being able to identify these data races can help programmers improve software reliability. Mechanisms that enable efficient and effective data race detection at runtime can form the basis of powerful tools for enhancing GPU software correctness. Most prior works in data race detection for GPU focus on the software-based approaches that incur significant performance overhead. Furthermore, they often focus on the smaller shared memory, while neglecting the larger global memory. We believe that adequate hardware support can enable efficient data race detection in all levels of the memory system for GPUs. In this paper, we propose a hardware-accelerated data race detection mechanism, HAccRG, for efficient data race detection in GPUs. HAccRG provides hardware support for tracking data dependencies across a large number of threads and detects various forms of data races. We incorporate HAccRG on both the shared and global memory spaces in GPU. Our evaluation shows that, with moderate hardware support, HAccRG can detect data races in GPU kernels with a small overhead: 1% for the shared memory and 27% for combined shared and global memory data race detection.


[FFmpeg-devel] [RFC] missing av_free_packet on error?
Reimar Döffinger Reimar.Doeffinger
Thu Jul 10 21:53:15 CEST 2008
Hello,
I have been trying to fix
_URL_
and thus noticed the following code in libavformat/eacdata.c:
================================
if (av_get_packet(s->pb, pkt, packet_size) != packet_size)
 return AVERROR(EIO);
================================
Whereas av_find_stream_info() assumes that if there is an error, there
is no packet to free.
My question is: where is the error, where should it be fixed?
In the demuxer, in av_find_stream_info, av_read_... or maybe this check
should be moved to av_get_packet, to make it always fail when not all
requested data could be read?
IMO in the demuxer, in which case I suggest this change:
===================================================================
--- libavformat/eacdata.c (revision 14158)
+++ libavformat/eacdata.c (working copy)
@@ -83,8 +83,10 @@
 CdataDemuxContext *cdata = s->priv_data;
 int packet_size = 76*cdata->channels;

- if (av_get_packet(s->pb, pkt, packet_size) != packet_size)
+ if (av_get_packet(s->pb, pkt, packet_size) != packet_size) {
+ av_free_packet(pkt);
 return AVERROR(EIO);
+ }
 pkt->pts = cdata->audio_pts++;
 return 1;
 }
Greetings,
Reimar D?ffinger
More information about the ffmpeg-devel mailing list


text:
Blanket Purchase order ( Frame work Order)To Simply the procurement of Low-Value Consumables and to reduce the costs blanket purchase order (Framework Order)can be used.
For Example, office supplies such as Pen, Paper. Small repairs, Cleaning work, Courier Service etc..
The business example for blanket PO. Create the Blanket PO with limit and Validity period. Then communicate with the vendor and notify the requirements. When the goods is delivered,no GRN required in the system. Cross check the invoice received from the vendor with limit and validity period of the Blanket PO.
The Main Advantage of Blanket Purchase order are
- Valid for Longer period.
- There is no goods receipt or service entry
- It is not necessary to create PO items for individual Procurement transaction.
- Order type FO ( Framework Order)
- Item Category B( Limit)
- Additional or Multiple account assignment possible in Invoice verification.
- Check on validity period and limit in invoice verification.
1) Go to t-code : ME21N
2) Create the blanket purchase order. Select the Framework Order from order type and enter the validity start date and validity end date in Header ( Additional Data)
3) Specify the vendor details, purchasing group, purchase organization and company code in header tab
4) Enter the Overall Limit and Expected value. 5) Choose Save and make a note of the purchase order number
1) Go to t-code : MIRO
2) Enter the Invoice date, net amount, tax amount from the vendor invoice.
3) On PO reference tab page, Choose Purchase order/Scheduling Agreement and enter the purchase order number
4) Choose Acct Assignment-Cost center in the Layout.
5) In the line item choose Acct Assignment and enter the account assignment data
6) For Multiple Account assignment enter the following data.
7) Press the simulate button and post the invoice
Check the purchase order history from purchase order display t-code ME23N.
Blanket purchase order tolerance limit configuration
Tolerance for value limits and validity periods can also be configured in the system. If the invoice exceeds these tolerance limits it will be blocked.
Material Management > Logistic invoice Verification > Invoice Block > Set tolerance Limits
- Tolerance key LA is defined for Blanket PO Value
- Tolerance key LD is defined for Blanket PO Validity period


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Creating a Rehabilitation Clarification Order in SigmaCare - CM
Avatar Shonte Ofori
Created:
Updated:
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Upon admission, readmission or medical event an Evaluate, Screen and Treat order may be entered for a resident in SigmaCare. Once the order has been entered it will require clarification by a therapist in SigmaCare.
In order to Clarify the order the following tasks must be performed:
 1. Dashboard
 2. Click on a value in the Rehab notification box under the new column.
 3. Click on the icon under the Actions column.
 4. Click on the Assigned drop down and select the therapist that will be performing the treatment.
 5. Click on the Disposition drop down and select therapy disposition.
 6. Click on the Onset Date drop down and select the appropriate date.
 7. Type any notes in the Comment field, if necessary.
 8. Enter the Intensity in the therapy intensity fields, if necessary.
 9. Click the Duration drop down and select how long the therapy should last.
 10. Click on the Procedures tab and enter the necessary CPT code(s) for the order by the following Select Method: Resident History, Library or Search.
 11. Click on the Diagnoses tab.
 12. Select Treatment Diagnosis for the order by using the following Select Method radio button: Resident Hx or Search.
 13. Next Select the Medical Diagnosis by clicking on the ICD-10 Code/Description
 14. Review the order summary.
 15. Click Complete to create the clarification order and send it for physician approval.
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 Welcome to our comprehensive guide on exporting data from Google Colab to CSV files, a valuable skill for data scientists and analysts who wish to share, analyze, and collaborate on data more effectively. By converting Colab notebooks into CSV format, users can leverage the simplicity and compatibility of CSV files to easily load data into spreadsheets and various data analysis tools. In this guide, we will explore what Google Colab is, the step-by-step process of exporting your data frames to a CSV file, practical use cases for this method, an alternative approach using Sourcetable, and a helpful Q&A section to address common inquiries about the process.
 What is Colab?
 Google Colaboratory, or Colab, is a hosted Jupyter notebook service that provides free access to computing resources and is well-suited to machine learning, data analysis, and education. As a product from Google Research, Colab allows users to write and execute Python in their web browser with zero configuration required, free access to GPUs, and easy sharing.
 Colab notebooks are stored in Google Drive and can be shared just like documents in Google Docs. This service is aimed at simplifying the process of working with machine learning tools and data sets, and it is designed to promote collaborative projects in the field of education and research.
 While Colab is a free service, it does come with limitations. Resources are not guaranteed and are not unlimited. Activities may be terminated without warning, particularly those that bypass its anti-abuse policies. Colab also offers options such as Colab Pro, Pro+, and Pay As You Go for users who require more resources or increased compute availability.
 Exporting Data from Colab to CSV
 Saving Dataframes as CSV
 You can export dataframes created in Google Colab into CSV files by utilizing the pandas library's to_csv method. This is done by calling df.to_csv('filename.csv') on the dataframe you wish to save. This line of code converts the dataframe into a CSV file with the specified filename.
 Downloading CSV Files to Local Computer
 After saving the dataframe as a CSV file, you can download it to your local computer. This is achieved by using the Google Colab files functionality. Simply execute files.download('filename.csv') to initiate the download of the CSV file you created.
 Downloading CSV Files to Google Drive
 To save your CSV files directly to Google Drive, you need to first install PyDrive by running !pip install -U -q PyDrive. Once installed, you can authorize and create a connection to Google Drive, list the files and folders, and upload your CSV file using file.Upload(). Make sure to save the dataframe with df.to_csv('mydataframe.csv', sep='\\t') if you want to specify a tab separator, and use the code snippet provided to find the ID of the folder where you want to save your file in Google Drive.
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 Sourcetable Integration
 Streamline Your Data Analysis with Sourcetable
 With the advent of powerful data processing tools, efficiency and seamlessness in handling big data have become paramount. Sourcetable offers an innovative solution by syncing your live data from a myriad of apps or databases directly into a spreadsheet environment. This means you can bypass the traditional method of exporting data from Colab to a CSV file and then importing it into another spreadsheet program. The integration of Sourcetable significantly simplifies the workflow for users who manage and analyze data on a regular basis.
 The benefits of using Sourcetable over conventional CSV export are numerous. Firstly, it facilitates real-time data synchronization, ensuring that your spreadsheet contains the latest information without the need for manual updates. This live connection to your data sources not only saves time but also reduces the potential for errors that can occur during the transfer process. Furthermore, Sourcetable's familiar spreadsheet interface allows users to query and manipulate data with ease, making it an excellent tool for automation and enhancing business intelligence capabilities.
 Common Use Cases
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 Sourcetable Integration
 Data analysis results need to be shared with non-technical stakeholders
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 Sourcetable Integration
 A machine learning models output must be saved for external evaluation
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 Sourcetable Integration
 Exporting a dataset for further processing in a different software
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 Sourcetable Integration
 Backing up the progress of data manipulation tasks
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 Sourcetable Integration
 Transferring data between different Google Colab notebooks
 Frequently Asked Questions
 How can I export a pandas dataframe to a CSV in Google Colab?
 Use the df.to_csv('filename.csv') function to save the dataframe as a CSV file. Then, use the files.download('filename.csv') function to download the file to your local computer.
 Is it possible to directly save a dataframe to Google Drive from Colab?
 Yes, you can save a dataframe to Google Drive by using the PyDrive library. First, install PyDrive using !pip install -U -q PyDrive, then authenticate with GoogleAuth, create a folder in Drive, and use df.to_csv('path/to/folder/filename.csv') followed by file.Upload() to save and upload the file to your Drive.
 Can I download files other than CSV from Google Colab?
 Yes, you can download any file type using the files.download('filename.extension') function, replacing 'filename.extension' with the appropriate file name and extension.
 Do I need to save the CSV file before downloading it?
 Yes, you need to use df.to_csv('filename.csv') to save the dataframe as a CSV file to the virtual machine before you can download it with files.download('filename.csv').
 How do I authenticate to Google Drive when using PyDrive in Google Colab?
 Authenticate to Google Drive by running GoogleAuth to get the necessary permissions before you can upload files using PyDrive.
 Conclusion
 Exporting data to CSV from Google Colab is a straightforward process that can be achieved through several methods. You can use df.to_csv to export a dataframe and then download it to your local machine with files.download, or alternatively, save it directly to your Google Drive using PyDrive utilities such as drive.CreateFile and file.Upload. For a more integrated experience that bypasses the need for manual exports, consider using Sourcetable to import your data directly into a spreadsheet. Sign up for Sourcetable to streamline your data management and get started with a more efficient workflow.
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Can diamond cut titanium?
- FAQ. Those who are looking for an answer to the question «Can diamond cut titanium?» often ask the following questions
- 1 other answer
- Your answer
- 24 Related questions
Those who are looking for an answer to the question «Can diamond cut titanium?» often ask the following questions:
👉 Diamond or titanium?
Diamonds are harder then titanium. Hardness is measured on a Mohs Scale. Diamond is the hardest at 10.0 vs. titanium is at 6.0 It is important to note that Mohs scale is a not a linear scale.
- Is diamond harder than titanium?
- Is diamond stronger than titanium?
- Is titanium expensive than diamond?
👉 Can titanium cut diamond?
Only diamond can cut diamond.
- Is titanium stronger than a diamond?
- What is stronger titanium or diamond?
- Is diamond is much stronger than titanium?
👉 Can diamond cut titanium steel?
Yes, a diamond tipped tool can cut through titanium steel.
- Is the hardest material diamond or titanium?
- Question: is titanium stronger than a diamond?
- Quick answer: is titanium stronger than diamond?
1 other answer
We've handpicked 24 related questions for you, similar to «Can diamond cut titanium?» so you can surely find the answer!
Which is more expensive titanium or diamond?
You can purchase raw titanium for probably less than US$30/Kg, whereas for a cut diamond weighing one carat or .20 grammes, you can spend US$2,000-$8,000.
Which is stronger titanium or diamond bar?
It is hard to say, but diamonds are the most powerful tool of all. A diamond is as hard as steel, and has an extremely high tensile strength. Titanium, on the other …
Which is stronger titanium or diamond crystal?
Diamond strength is ~60 GPa (it seems like a diamond is somewhat stronger…) Titanium hardness is 36 Rockwell C Diamond hardness is 98.07 Rockwell C
Quick answer: is titanium stronger than a diamond?
Is steel stronger than diamond? Actually Titanium is not stronger nor harder than a good grade steel, the only advantage it has over steel is the fact it is a much lighter metal with similar to steel qualities. Though it doesn't even come close to a Diamond in strength or hardness. But a diamond is SIX times harder than Topaz.
What happens when you mix diamond with titanium?
It goes ker-splode
Which is stronger titanium or diamond engagement ring?
Platinum is incredibly resistant to wear and tear. The metal is extremely strong and will both hold stones securely and be resistant to scratches. This durability promotes longevity and is what sets platinum apart from other metals. Titanium is also incredibly strong, durable, and scratch-resistant.
Which is stronger tungsten or titanium or diamond?
Diamond is the hardest natural mineral. Your question implies strength, not hardness. Strength implies molecular cohesion. You could devise an experiment to pull a diamond apart, but it would be a nearly impossible experiment, because anything you attach to a diamond would not be strong enough to effectively pull the diamond apart.
Can a titanium pair of scissors break a diamond?
A titanium pair of scissors would not be able to cut a diamond in half. Diamonds are the 'hardest' mineral known.
Titanium vs. diamond showdown! what is the stronger substance?
The Metal Mindset Episode 3This week we look into which is stronger? Titanium or Diamond? Among many other metal facts about Titanium and what kind of metal...
Diamonds to titanium?
Hello, everyone I recently noticed that Diamond plating can be deconstructed into Titanium. It takes 5 diamonds and a Solenoid to make one diamond plate. But, if you put that plate into your crafting table, it will give you 5 titanium, which means that if you have enough diamonds, you never will...
Titanium jewelry bracelets?
USWEL Pure Titanium Bracelet for Women Crystal Magnetic Bracelet Pain Relief for Arthritis and Carpal Tunnel Migraines Tennis Elbow 20 $30 90 ($30.90/Count)
Titanium jewelry crosses?
Titanium Cross Necklaces There is nothing like the inimitable beauty of a titanium cross necklace. All of the titanium cross necklaces in our collection are specially designed with an opening at the top of the cross to fit the chain through. This provides a clean and modern look, and also keeps the titanium chain from tangling during wear.
Can diamonds cut titanium?
Can tungsten or titanium scratch or even cut diamond? Diamond can easily scratch titanium and titanium alloys. Titanium and its alloys are middle-density, middle-strength, middle-hardness materials that have a really, really good PR department.
Does titanium jewelry rust?
Do titanium rings rust or tarnish? Titanium does not rust, rather it develops a titanium oxide coating. The coating creates a dull grey color while keeping the integrity of the metal's smooth surface.
Does titanium jewelry tarnish?
Titanium does not tarnish. It might get some scratches from everyday wear and tear of if you subject it to heavy-duty stuff, but that can be quickly sorted with refining procedure to remove them. After, the titanium jewelry will be looking good as new. When left to age, titanium rings get a beautiful patina that looks close to a satin finish.
Is titanium jewelry expensive?
Well it depends upon the designs and size of titanium jewellery. So here we can say titanium jewellery is not much expensive that you imagine.
Is titanium jewelry real?
Titanium-Jewelry.com has collected 493 reviews with an average score of 4.83. There are 484 customers that Titanium-Jewelry.com, rating them as excellent.
What cleans titanium jewelry?
Anodized titanium jewelry has been through a chemical process to change the color of the metal. Anodized titanium jewelry should be cleaned only with warm, soapy water. Titanium rings that have not been anodized can also be cleaned simply with soap and warm water.
What is titanium jewelry?
Titanium Jewelry - Rings, Bracelets, Necklaces & More! 1. What color is titanium? Titanium is a light-weight and strong metal is ranges from gray to silver in color. Polished... 2. Does titanium come in different colors? Titanium is a reactive metal that can be anodized in different colors by... 3…
Who buys titanium jewelry?
In 2002, I opened Titanium-Jewelry.com to focus on titanium rings and wedding bands. Many younger men wanted something other than the old boring white or yellow gold wedding band. They wanted something different, modern, unique and most jewelers were not meeting their needs. So my passion for contemporary jewelry began.
Will jewelry titanium combust?
safety guidelines for titanium in hyperbaric medicine, we recommend the following preventive measures: 1. Breakable titanium and titanium alloy items in-cluding eyeglasses and jewelry should not be per-mitted in a hyperbaric
Will titanium jewelry tarnish?
I'm here to tell you that this is not true. It only depends on the alloy content. Nonetheless, it's not every day that the gold will tarnish. Does titanium tarnish? In the jewelry world, one of the metals that people are buying a lot of today is titanium, and it's all for good reasons.
Are diamond rings limited to gold, silver and platinum bands, or can i buy a diamond titanium ring?
Titanium diamond rings, while more rare than gold, silver and platinum, are available at certain jewelers.
Are titanium rings good quality?
Titanium is a more resistant material, it doesn't rust and it weighs a lot less than gold in any of its variants. Titanium rings are difficult to scratch and bend out of shape, therefore perfect for those who are afraid of damaging their rings.


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This post contains reasons why you should not laminate certificates and other documents, am sure it will convince you not to ever laminate certificates & documents again.
I was reading through some posts on Nairaland when I saw a question asked by a Nairalander, he wanted to know the "effects of lamination of certificates?" Then, I decided to write about the major disadvantages why you should not laminate certificates and other vital documents.
What Is Lamination?
Lamination is a process whereby thin layers of transparent polythene nylon is joined together to protect paper documents such as certificates, results, testimonials etc.
Why Do People Laminate Certificates?
Here are some important reasons why people seem to laminate their certificates/documents below…
1. Lamination protects paper materials from getting damaged by fluid, dust/dirts, grease and hampered edges.
2. It's believed that lamination elongates the life span of important document like certificates, results and so on.
3. It improves the strength, quality and appearance of the product.
There are more to it but those are the most important reasons why people often opt in for a lamination. A lot of people make believe what isn't supposed to be true. However, laminating certificates, pictures and other paper materials isn't utterly advantageous, there are cons attached to it. Below are reasons you should not laminate certificates & other documents.
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READ: 12 Things You Never Knew About Setting Up A Strong Password


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Maui Solar Project Installs Solar at The Maui Farm
Maui Solar Project recently installed 20 kW of solar panels on the campus of The Maui Farm, a local nonprofit organization.
The Maui Farm, founded in 1985, provides farm-based, family-centered residential and educational programs that teach essential life skills for self-sufficient living.
The addition of the PV to four homes and The Maui Farm's administrative office will save the organization an estimated $200,000 over the next 20 years.
"The Maui Farm continues efforts to streamline our operating expenses to ensure the most efficient use of public and private resources in our work with homeless families and the community," said Executive Director Paula Ambre. "We are most grateful to Maui Solar Project for making our most recent initiative, the installation of photovoltaic energy systems, an affordable reality for our nonprofit organization."
To arrange financing, often the biggest challenge for nonprofits wanting to transition to solar, The Maui Farm worked with MSP to do an in-house power purchase agreement benefitting both organizations.
"The Maui Farm promotes sustainable agricultural practices, environmental stewardship and healthy living," said MSP Vice President of Operations Emily Erickson, who sits on the Board of directors for The Maui Farm. "With the addition of photovoltaic energy on their campus, The Maui Farm can teach children, families and community members about PV and depending less on fossil fuels. PV provides an educational tool as well as a great savings for the agency's budget."
MSP installed 100 Hyundai 280 watt panels with Enphase Micro-Inverters on Uni-Rac Racking.
Kahului-based Maui Solar Project is a locally owned and operated company founded in 2008 by Edmond Alberton and Josh Porter. MSP is committed to supporting the local community and advocating for cleaner energy on our islands. On O'ahu, MSP's sister company, HI Solar Battery, focuses on off-grid and self-supply systems.
MSP is a member of the GEMS Financing Program. a partnership between the Hawai'i State Energy Office and the Hawai'i Green Infrastructure Authority that makes clean energy improvements more affordable and accessible to Hawaii consumers. Through the program, MSP offers commercial and nonprofit loans as well as residential loans.
For more about The Maui Farm, visit _URL_.
For more about Maui Solar Project visit _URL_.


G. Stanley Hall
G. Stanley Hall
Present on Stanley Hall. Stanley Hall is a name known in the filed of Psychology.
Presentations should 20 minutes and include a power point presentation with either handouts. The following rubric should be followed:
1. Provide historical information regarding theorist.
2. Describe the theory that the individual developed/ research conducted.
3. Compare/ contract the theory to other competing theories during that time frame.
Last Updated on February 11, 2019 by EssayPro


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Big City Mountaineers transforms the lives of under-served youth through wilderness mentoring expeditions that instill critical life skills. We partner with community-based youth organizations and caring adult volunteers who act as mentors in the field to help young people realize their potential. Our curriculum improves self-esteem, responsibility, decision-making abilities and communication skills in close to 1,000 youth annually. BCM has a proven track record of improving young peoples' lives with:
- Increased likeliness to stay in school
- Reduction in violence
- Reduction in drug use
In addition to adult mentors who donate a week of their lives to improve the future of the youth we serve, we also rely on the support of our Summit for Someone climbers. Without the dozens of courageous volunteers who sign up for Summit For Someone each year, BCM would cease to exist. Our SFS climbers take on two formidable commitments: mentally and physically preparing to climb one of North America's most challenging peaks, and raising thousands of dollars. All to help improve the lives of kids they might never meet.
The team at Big City Mountaineers would like to thank all our colleagues in this endeavor: our volunteers, climbers and donors. Together we will continue impacting lives and delivering transformative wilderness mentoring experiences. Big City Mountaineers operates under special use permits from the USDA Forest Service and National Park Service, Big City Mountaineers is an equal opportunity service provider and employer.
The core Big City Mountaineers program is a week-long wilderness mentoring expedition where youth are given the opportunity to experience the beauty and challenges of the wilderness alongside supportive adult mentors. What had begun as a simple backpacking trip with at-risk teen 25 years ago has now evolved into a documented and well-tested progression of experiences coupled with opportunities for reflection and learning.
BCM Weeklong Expeditions:
- Provide wilderness mentoring opportunities to under-resourced youth ages 13 to 18.
- Cultivate relationships between youth and caring adult mentors.
- Offer a unique 1-to-1 ratio of adults to youth.
- Improve teen self-awareness and personal responsibility.
- Promote group development and effective communication.
- Partner with existing youth development agencies to better address the ongoing needs of under-resourced youth.
- Deliver safe wilderness expeditions led by professional field instructors.
WHO they SERVE:
- 50% are from single parent or guardian-led households;
- 83% are from families living below the poverty line;
- 10% have experienced homelessness
- 14% have experienced violence at school


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Half a loaf is better than no bread
What's the meaning of the phrase 'Half a loaf is better than no bread'?
Something, even if it isn't what you ideally would prefer, is better than nothing.
What's the origin of the phrase 'Half a loaf is better than no bread'?
This proverbial saying is first found in the same place as many other proverbial sayings - John Heywood's 1546 glossary A dialogue conteinyng the nomber in effect of all the prouerbes in the englishe tongue:
Throwe no gyft agayne at the giuers head,
For better is halfe a lofe then no bread.
Many proverbs are a form of condensed popular wisdom and 'half a loaf is better than no bread' seems like plain common sense - few would argue with it. Nevertheless, in psychology experiments to determine whether fairness was an innate concept in humans or whether it was learned, pairs of UK and US children have been set the following test:
One child is offered four sweets (or candy if you prefer) and the other is offered one. The child with the opportunity to take four sweets is given this choice:
A. Either, you get four sweets and the other child gets one.
B. Or, you both get nothing.
Surprisingly to many, children routinely choose option B and reject the sweets, preferring to maintain a sense of fairness. In purely material terms this makes little sense as, by maintaining fairness, the choosing child robs the partner of one sweet and him/herself of four.
Heywood might have suggested 'throw no gift at the giver's head' but children don't appear to agree.
See also: the List of Proverbs.


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We explore the benefits of three different non-contact safety switches
Safety switches are indispensable in any application where safety is required for people and machinery. Commonly used to monitor doors, gates, and other moveable physical guards, safety switches of all varieties are used to separate personnel from a potential hazard. It sends a signal to the machine's controls system if the guard has been opened, removed, or is out of alignment.
Non-contact safety switches are ideal in applications where precise guidance of guards may be difficult. These devices are typically long lasting, require minimal maintenance, and are resistant to shock and vibrations. By design, a non-contact safety switch generally consists of two pieces, a sensor and an actuator. Both never actually contact one another. SICK offers a large selection of non-contact safety switches, safety locking devices as well as traditional electromechanical safety switches and safety command devices.
When using a non-contact safety switch, it is a requirement for the machine to have the ability to stop fast enough because this type of switch will not prevent someone from opening a door. Small to medium machines typically have a faster stopping time. Machines with longer stopping times require a safe-locking device to ensure no one can open the door until the machine comes to a safe stop or speed. SICK offers three types of non-contact safety switches perfect for safe door monitoring applications.
Magnetic Non-Contact Safety Switches
With magnetic non-contact safety switches, there is up to a 7mm sensing range, which provides a fair amount of tolerance to account for many different situations. For example, if a door is sagging or slightly out of alignment, it is more accommodating to misalignment than a mechanical interlock. It is also tends to result in significantly less wear and tear because it has no contact with the actuator.
Magnetic safety switches from SICK, like the RE switches, can get up to performance level E, as long as you are using safety controls that have test pulses. The test pulses connect to the potential free contacts of the switch to reliably detect short circuits, either by using Flexi Soft or with ReLy safety relays.
However, if magnetic safety switches are wired in series, it could result in fault masking. This can be prevented by wiring the switches in series with Flexi Loop and the Flexi Soft programmable safety controller or by using an RFID non-contact safety switch with OSSD outputs. You can learn more about fault masking in our previous blog post.
RFID Non-Contact Safety Switches
RFID non-contact safety switches, like the STR1 from SICK, prevent manipulation of the guard. With magnetic non-contact safety switches like the RE series mentioned above, any actuator works with any sensor. That means someone could potentially carry a spare actuator with them to keep the door open while running the machine.
With high-coded versions of the STR1, the sensor will only work with the taught in actuator. A low-coded RFID safety switch operates similarly to the magnetic safety switch and is more easily manipulated. High-coded vs low-coded safety switches are discussed in Safety of machinery – Interlocking devices associated with guards – Principles for design and selection (ISO 14119:2013).
In addition, the STR1 RFID non-contact safety switches include OSSD outputs to detect short circuits. Rather than running test pulses from safe controls, OSSD outputs do that automatically. This allows you to cascade or wire the STR1 directly in series of up to 30 switches and not have to worry about fault masking.
However, the diagnostics are limited because the STR1 does not have communication over a BUS system like Flexi Loop does, but it can be connected to a Flexi Loop system to get that level of diagnostics. The advantage of the STR1 is that you can still cascade up to 30 different switches, even without using Flexi Loop.
RFID safety switches achieve performance level e and an IP69K rating with a 14mm sensing range, providing it a higher tolerance. With this higher tolerance, you can even gain accurate detection with, for example, a door that has a gap between the door and frame where it closes. The larger the sensing range, the lower the chances are for false trips to make sure machinery does not stop unexpectedly.
Lastly, the STR1 offers flexibility in mounting and operation due to three sensing areas from both sides and front. The RE magnetic safety switches only have one sensing surface. There are also four different actuator options: standard, flat, compact, and mini.
Magnetic Locking RFID Non-Contact Safety Switches
The last type of non-contact safety switch is used for the same type of applications, but primarily fixes issues with people opening doors and stopping machines mid-process to create unwanted downtime and material waste. Magnetic locking RFID non-contact safety switches provide the benefits of RFID non-contact safety switches with the added benefit of an energized magnet to keep a door closed.
The MLP1 safety switch can help to prevent all of this from happening with a magnet that reaches 500N if energized or 25N if de-energized. A level of 25N will keep the door closed, even if the magnet isn't energized. This switch provides enough force for process protection, but does not guarantee people cannot open the door so it should not be used for people protection.
It has a high tolerance against misalignment, with a 5mm range in any direction. There is also a version with two pigtails for easy series connection that can be done without T-connectors. This is a unique feature to SICK's MLP1 safety switch.
The MLP1 offers standard and integrated mounted options. The standard mounting option is simply surface mounting. An integrated mounting option can be mounted into the machine frame to keep it low profile. This is another unique feature exclusive to the MLP1.
In addition, the MLP1 has OSSD outputs that are monitored for short circuits and it is a performance level e device, regardless of safety controls. It can also easily be wired in series with Flexi Loop more comprehensive diagnostics.
Learn more about non-contact safety switches
Talk to someone at SICK today to learn more about what non-contact safety switch may be the best one for your application. Email us today at _EMAIL_!