text:
.95 0.067 0.188 Turnips 0.93 0.034 0.130 Watermelons 0.94 0.034 0.110
Although a bushel of apples weighs about 45 pounds, we will assume a weight of 50 pounds to take into account the weight of the container, which must also be cooled. The amount of field heat that must be removed is:
0.87 Btu/lb X (80 F - 32 F) X 200 bu X 50 lb/bu = 417,600 Btu
Since the apples are to be cooled to 32 F in one day, the hourly field heat load is 417,600 Btu divided by 24 hours, or 17,400 Btu per hour.
On the last day of harvest, the storage facility will contain 1,800 bushels of cool apples and 200 bushels of fieldwarm apples. At this time the respiration heat load generated by the stored crop will be the largest. Table 5 shows that field-warm summer apples pro-duce about 0.340 Btu per pound per hour, whereas properly cooled summer apples produce only 0.018 Btu per pound per hour. Thus field-warm apples pro-duce nearly 19 times as much heat by respiration as do cool apples. Since the freshly harvested (warm) apples will be cooled to their proper storage temperature within one day, the heat of respiration used in the calculation will be the average of the values. The average is:
0.340 + 0.018 ------------- = 0.179 Btu/lb/hr 2
The weight, W, of the 1,800 bushels of cool apples is approximately:
W = 1,800 bu X 50 lb/bu = 90,000 lb
The heat of respiration of the cool apples, HRc, is:
HRc = 90,000 lb X 0.018 Btu/lb/hr = 1,620 Btu/hr
The weight, W, of the 200 bushels of warm apples is approximately:
W = 200 bu X 50 lb/bu = 10,000 lb
The average respiration rate, as given previously, is 0.179 Btu per pound per hour. Therefore the heat of respiration for the warm apples, HRw, is:
HRw = 10,000 lb X 0.179 Btu/hr = 1,790 Btu/hr
To obtain the total heat of respiration, HRt, we add the value for cool and warm apples:
HRt = 1,620 Btu/hr + 1,790 Btu/hr = 3,410 Btu/hr
SL = 0.10 X (6,504 + 17,400 + 3,410 Btu/hr) = 2,731 Btu/hr
The total heat load is the sum from all four sources, as shown in Table 6.
Table 6. Total Heat Load for Example Cooling Facility
1. Heat conductance Walls 3,864 Ceiling 1,534 Floor 1,106 6,504 Btu/hr 2. Field heat 200 bushels per day at 80 F 17,400 Btu/hr 3. Heat of respiration 200 bushels warm apples 1,790 1,800 bushels cold apples 1,620 3,410 Btu/hr Subtotal 27,314 Btu/hr 4. Service load 10% of subtotal 2,731 Btu/hr Total heat load 30,045 Btu/hr
The approximate proportion of the total heat load contributed by each of the four sources is:
Heat conduction.... 21.6 percent Field heat....... 57.9 percent Heat of respiration.. 11.3 percent Service load...... 9.1 percent
As discussed previously, refrigeration systems are rated by how much heat they will move or displace in a given length of time. The standard unit of rating is the ton. Since 1 ton of refrigeration equals 288,000 Btu per 24 hours, or 12,000 Btu per hour, the refrigeration capacity, RC, for a unit that would just handle the heat load in the previous example under the conditions described would be:
30,061 Btu/hr RC = ----------------- 12,000 Btu/hr ton = 2.51 tons
A 2.51-ton refrigeration unit would need to run continuously to keep the temperature in this storage facility at 32 F under the conditions listed above. If the conditions used in this calculation were changed, a 2.51-ton unit could be either too large or too small to maintain the desired storage temperature. The capacity needed to maintain a temperature of 32 F would increase if:
For example, if harvesting were increased to 400 bushels of apples per day, the total heat load would increase to nearly 51,000 Btu per hour. A 4 1/4-ton unit running continuously would be required to maintain a storage temperature of 32 F under these conditions.
In practice, it is advisable in selecting a refrigeration system to add reserve capacity to the calculated rating as a protection against overloads. Of particular interest is the fact that refrigeration systems, for reasons to be discussed later, are operated for a total of only 16 to 20 hours per day. The total capacity of the system must be increased, therefore, to compensate for the "off time." For example, if the system described in the example were to operate for only 16 hours per day, it would need to be 24/16, or 1.5 times as large--that is, 3.77 tons instead of 2.51 tons.
Furthermore, it is good practice to increase the capacity of the system by a chilling rate factor. The rate at which heat is removed from the produce is not constant during the cycle but is greatest at the beginning. If the capacity of the system is not sufficient to overcome the thermal inertia of the produce, cooling time may increase above the specified limits for the product. To compensate, a chilling rate factor of 1.5 is applied to most fresh fruits and vegetables. This factor is applied in addition to the on-time factor. Thus the actual refrigeration system capacity, RC, required for the example facility would be:
RC = 2.51 X 1.5 X 1.5 = 5.65 tons
In the example, field heat accounts for 58.9 percent of the total heat load. Once field heat has been removed from the crop, much less refrigeration capacity is required to maintain the storage temperature. While 5.65 tons of refrigeration are needed to cool the apples in the example, about 2 1/2 tons are needed to maintain a constant temperature after they have reached 32 F. Therefore, anything that can be done to lower the temperature of the crop brought into the storage facility will significantly reduce the initial heat load, thus reducing the cost of the refrigeration equipment needed and the electrical energy to operate it.
Harvesting early or late in the day or even at night helps reduce refrigeration cost. Some large growers of highly perishable crops have started harvesting "under the lights" to reduce cooling costs and preserve quality. Although not usable for all crops, hydrocooling is an effective way to remove the first 20 to 30 degrees of heat quickly, lessening the load on the system. Even cooling with well water is a very energy efficient method of precooling produce before it is placed in the cooling room. Note, however, that some types of produce are sensitive to wetting, which encourages the growth of microorganisms.
If the 200 bushels of apples in the example facility were cooled just 20 F before entering the cooling room, the total heat load would be reduced to about 22,080 Btu per hour, or 26 percent. In this case, only 4.14 tons of refrigeration would be required instead of 5.65. Table 7 shows the calculations involved.
Table 7. Total Heat Load at a Field Temperature of 60 F
1. Heat conductance6,504 Btu/hr 2. Field heat 10,158 Btu/hr 3. Heat of respiration 3,410 Btu/hr ------------- Subtotal 20,072 Btu/hr 4. Service load 2,007 Btu/hr ------------- Total heat load 22,079 Btu/hr
Although doubling the insulation value in the walls, ceiling, and floor would reduce the heat conductance by one-half from 6,504 to 3,252 Btu per hour, the percentage reduction of the total heat load would be small. The only way to reduce the heat load substantially is to start the refrigeration cooling process with fruit as cool as possible.
Condensation and Humidity. The cooling coils of the refrigeration system (Figure 4) must be colder than the air in the room if the air is to be cooled. The larger the temperature difference, the greater the rate of heat transfer and the smaller (and less expensive) the cooling coils. However, the colder the coil surface, the more water vapor from the air will condense on the coils, either as a liquid or as ice. Evaporator coil condensation represents wasted refrigeration capacity and should be minimized. Allowing hot, humid air to enter the cooling room is particularly costly because the refrigeration system must not only cool the air but also condense the additional water


text:
How to Play Media with USB on Vizio TV?
If you have Vizio TV, except for streaming on the TV, you can also enjoy media on the USB. The USB Media Player allows you to connect a USB thumb drive to your TV and play music, video, or photos, and here is the guide.
Preparing Media on Your USB Drive to Play USB Media
To display USB media, you must first save your videos onto a USB thumb drive:
- The USB thumb drive must be formatted as FAT32.
- Files on the USB thumb drive must end in a supported file extension
( .mp3, .jpg, etc.)
- The player is not designed to play media from external hard drives, MP3 players, cameras, or smartphones.
Displaying USB Media
To display your USB media:
1. Connect your USB thumb drive to the USB port on the side of the TV.
2. The TV will recognize the USB stick. Use the Arrow Keys on the remote to select the content you'd like to play.
3. Select USB from the bottom streaming icons on the SmartCast Homepage.
Removing the USB Drive from the TV
To safely remove your USB drive from the TV:
1. Turn off the TV.
2. Disconnect your USB thumb drive from the USB port on the side of the TV.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The cherries on the trail
At the 17 adventure stations, there is treasure to discover, a great princess to get to know, and you can even climb into the crown of a cherry tree. Part of the German Cherry Gene Bank is located here in Witzenhausen and is in collaboration with the Department of Ecological Agricultural Sciences of the University of Kassel and supported by various sponsors. At this location, a tasteful blend of entertainment makes the cherry experience and provides knowledge large and small on the red fruit. In contrast to the nature trail, where the knowledge is passively learned by reading texts, visitors interact with elements on their own and can absorb information with the help of station stimuli.


text:
© 2006 – Routledge
Using our favourite Springfield family as a case study, Watching with The Simpsons examines the textual and social role of parody in offering critical commentary on other television programs and genres.
Jonathan Gray brings together textual theory, discussions of television and the public sphere, and ideas of parody and comedy. Including primary audience research, it focuses on how The Simpsons has been able to talk back to three of television's key genres - the sitcom, adverts and the news - and on how it holds the potential to short-circuit these genre's meanings, power, and effects by provoking reinterpretations and offering more media literate recontextualizations.
Examining television and media studies theory, the text of The Simpsons, and the show's audience, Gray attempts to fully situate the show's parody and humour within the lived realities of its audiences. In doing so, he further explores the possibilities for popular entertainment television to discuss issues of political and social importance.
A must read for any student of media studies.
'essential reading for fan and academic alike.' - The Velvet Light Trap
Part 1: Reading Through Intertextuality 1. Intertextuality and the Study of Texts Part 2: Watching with the Simpsons 2. Domesticom Parody, Genre, and Critical Intertextuality 3. Ad Parody and The Logic of Television 4. News Parody and the Public Sphere Part 3: Talking with the Simpsons 5. Parody and/as Interpretive Community 6 'The Simpsons Attitude' Conclusion

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
1. Introducing PASS
2. How a PASS Works
3. The Impact of PASS
4. PASS Candidates
5. Students & Transition Planning & PASS
6. When First Considering a PASS
7. The Occupational Goal
8. Starting a Business
9. A Viable Plan
10. The PASS Life
Amendments, such as changing the length of the PASS, can occur at any time during the life of a PASS but SSA must approve them. There is no limit to the number of amendments that can be approved. The key is to inform the SSA PASS expert so they can adjust the PASS accordingly.
SSA will suspend a PASS when the PASS is not terminated pursuant to the criteria discussed below and the criteria for extending a PASS are not met. A PASS may be suspended for up to 12 consecutive months. If not resumed, within this period it will be terminated.
A PASS terminates when one of the following events occurs:
MAY WANT TO CONSIDER INFO INSERTED HERE ON PASS SUSPENSIONS, AMENDMENTS, ETC


text:
My book Disaster Robotics (MIT Press, Kindle, and iBook) covers structural inspection, documents 16 cases where robots have been used for structural inspection after disasters (the majority by CRASAR, but I've documented all cases I can find reported through April 2013) and has criteria for choosing what robot, what the different work envelopes are, lots of tables/figures per modality, and failure taxonomy and rates.
Here's a quick guide to structural inspection in Disaster Robotics
– Chi1 defines structural inspection tasks versus recon and other tasks identified for disaster robotics.
– Ch2 list of robots used for what incident, formal failure taxonomy; this gives an overview of the 16 cases where robots have been used for structural inspection
– Ch3 use of ground robots for structural inspection, environments/work envelopes, describes the 5 cases where UGVs used for structural inspection, formulas for how to size a robot for an inspection task and a set of design spaces, gaps
– Ch4 use of UAVs for structural inspection, environments/work envelopes, describes the 7 cases where UAVs have been used for structural inspection, choice of rotorcraft versus fixed wing, conops, human-robot ratio and safety, issues with lots of GPS, gaps
– Ch5 use of marine vehicles for structural inspection, environments/work envelopes, describes the 4 cases where UMVs have been used for structural inspection, the need to inspect upstream not just the bridge substructure, choice of AUV, ROV, UMV, gaps
– Ch6 how to conduct fieldwork and data analysis, using structural inspection as an example


text:
Scotland will launch a 'Climate Justice Fund' this spring in response to the impact of climate change on the world's poorest communities.In a parliamentary debate on climate justice on Thursday, Minister for Environment and Climate Change Stewart Stevenson, confirmed that the Government would launch the Climate Justice Fund in the coming months.
Judith Robertson, Head of Oxfam Scotland, said: 'Today marks a milestone for Scotland. Not only has the Scottish Parliament been the first parliamentary chamber to debate Climate Justice worldwide but by announcing that Scotland will launch a Climate Justice Fund in the spring, Scotland is again leading the way by setting an example for other countries to follow in championing and delivering climate justice.
'Oxfam sees the fight against poverty and the fight against the effects of climate change as interrelated efforts. Developing countries will need to develop their own adaptation plans but many do not have the funds to invest in protecting their own people so the international community will need to assist them.
'Oxfam Scotland therefore congratulates the Scottish Government on its innovative Climate Justice Fund. We note that the fund will rightly be used to finance projects in developing countries, specifically aimed at supporting poor communities to adapt to the negative effects of climate change and in doing so, complement Scotland's world leading climate legislation.
'Oxfam Scotland looks forward to working with the Scottish Government to ensure that the Climate Justice Fund can be a best exemplar for other countries to follow to deal with climate injustice.'
For more information, visit this link

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Add a Person Record
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People records let you create, track, and search information about your members. You must be a group admin in order to create or modify people records.
An individual's person record is distinct from their Faithlife account. While a Faithlife account is created and controlled by that individual, the person record is created and managed by an organization. As a group admin, you can link person records to a Faithlife account that is a member of your group. This will add some information from that account to your person record. There are multiple ways to create a person record. Select the method that works best with your workflow.
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Invite a member to your group
Add an individual
Bulk import people records
Create a digital connection card
Create a family record
Search your people records
Invite a member to your group
Faithlife automatically generates a person record for each member or follower of your group. Learn how to invite members to your group.
Add an individual
 1. Navigate to your group on
 2. In your group's Admin panel, click People.
 1. Click Add Person.
 1. Provide a name, and select whether the individual is a child or an adult. If desired, you can add a photo of the individual (this photo may be visible to any member of your group).
 2. Click Create.
 1. The person record will open. You can provide additional information about the individual (Learn more about populating a person recordor click Done. To add another person record, click Add Another.
Bulk import people records
You can import people records from another system using a CSV file.
 1. Export your people records from your old system in CSV file format. Faithlife can interpret CSV files from most record management systems.
 2. Check your file. Look through the file to make sure all of the data in columns match column headers. To import families, we recommend having a "Family" column in your spreadsheet. Add the family name in that column next to each person in the family. If a family has multiple surnames, separate the names with commas.
 3. Navigate to your church group on
 4. In your group's Admin panel, click People.
 1. Click the more options icon, then select Import from CSV.
 1. Select the.csv file you exported. A window will appear with three columns.
 - The first column displays column names from the first row of your.csv file.
 - The second column displays the corresponding field on the Faithlife platform.
 - The third column displays the type of data corresponding to each column.
 1. Ensure that the first and second columns match as closely as possible. For anything you can't match, select Notes in the second column. Do not leave empty rows in the second column. If you do, that data will not be imported.
 2. Check the data types in the third column and make sure they correspond to the first and second columns. (for example, that email addresses are correctly designated with the email address data type).
 3. Check or uncheck File contains a header row.
 4. Check or uncheck Update existing. If you leave this checked, the system will search for corresponding people records and override them instead of creating new ones (the system will ask you to confirm the changes).
 5. Click Done. It may take a few moments for the system to process all of the data--do not press Done more than once. When it's ready, your people records will appear in the People area of your church group.
Create a digital connection card
Digital connection cards provide a way to quickly create one or more person records, even with limited information.
 1. Navigate to your church group on
 2. In your group's Admin panel, click People, then click Add Connection Card.
 1. In the text box, type a name and any additional information you want to be associated with that person record (such as age or gender). The system will parse the information you provide and assign it to the relevant fields.
Note: To create more than one person record at a time, insert a comma or "and" between the information for each person.
 1. Press Enter. Based on your input, one or more person records will be created. If you add more than one person, the system will ask if you'd like to add all new records to a family record.
Create a family record
Family records link individual person accounts in a family unit, which has certain types of data associated with it (such as an address, phone number, etc.). Adding people via a family record is the best approach when it's more important to get the whole family in the system than it is to provide detailed information to a single person record.
You can create a new family record from existing or new person records, or using a combination of existing and new records.
 1. Navigate to your church group on
 2. In your group's Admin panel, click People, then click Families.
 1. Click Add family
 2. Add individuals to the family by clicking + Add Family Members and typing a name in the search box that appears.
 1. If a person record for that individual exists, click it to add it to the family record. Otherwise, click Create a new record. Repeat this step for each family member.
 1. After you've added individuals to the family record, provide a family name, address, etc. in the boxes below.
Learn more about creating Family records.
Search your people records
Once you've added people records to your church group, you're ready to search and create lists of your members. Learn more here.
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Ginseng Rush in Minnesota
Lass, William E
This article discuses the history of the ginseng "boom" that took place in Minnesota, including the lower Minnesota River Valley, in the late 1850s. the gathering of wild ginseng root for sale to markets in China was a major economic activity for the region, and helped to mitigate the impact of a financial depression following the bank failures of the Panic of 1857. Ginseng became known as the "weed that saved Minnesota." The author also describes the ginseng market following its boom period, and the shift form wild to cultivated ginseng in the early twentieth century.
Subscribe to Ginseng


text:
Full disclosure: This post contains affiliate links.?
Benny and Elizabeth chat with Mark Pentleton about how he started the Coffee Break language podcasts and how his role shifted from language teacher to language learner.
Mentioned in this Episode
Some of the topics brought up during the interview are:
- Starting and developing Coffee Break language podcasts
- Moving from teacher to learner on the podcast
- Helping his children learn languages at home
- How students can overcome the intermediate plateau
- Having patience and avoiding comparison with others
- The opportunities that come from speaking languages
- How to view mistakes and be resilient
- How Mark found and built the Coffee Break team
Podcast theme: "A New Beginning" by Shannon Kennedy


text:
A town in Grand isle county was founded by Ira Allen in the year 1781. Located on a peninsula extending into Lake Champlain has a population of about 1,952.
It was basically grown around an European settlement with some french connection. With a non-island location, some of the nearby places includes Elim Point, Point Roberts etc.
The demographic consists of a population density of over 66 people per sq. mile. As usual the majority are whites, with around 97% white, 0.15% Asian, 1.95% Native Americans and many more.
A major part of the population is engaged in various types of primary activities, like agriculture and other smaller service industries. Per capita income of the people is around the figure of $16,285. Though there are no significant historical places but the breathtaking natural beauty is sure to garner envy.


text:
So Concrete Builds a Sustainable Transit Stop in Prague
Employing robotic fabrication and a super-strong mix of the material it's titled after, So Concrete has built a sturdy and sustainable transit stop in Prague.
After being awarded a commission by the city of Prague to design the Výstaviště tram stop from 3-D printed ultra-high-performance concrete, local multidisciplinary studio So Concrete enhanced an initial AI rendering with a 1:50 scale model of the structure's canopy.
How So Concrete Built a Sustainable Tram Stop
In conjunction with engineering consultant Stráský, Hustý, a more detailed rendering was made with Rhinoceros.
Another rendering examines the three columns supporting the canopy and bench to determine the least amount of steel needed, thereby reducing the project's energy use.
Trajectories of a six-axis robotic arm were mapped out before the 3-D printing process, which resulted in a compression strength five times that of regular concrete.
A material specialist at So Concrete prepared the UHPC, modified to ensure optimal printing for the canopy and bench, which were both printed in six pieces before being assembled on-site.
- 10 engineers, designers, concrete technologists, and robot operators led by robotic engineer Dimitry Nikitin and designer Záviš Unzeitig
- 36 hours to 3-D print the basic structure
- 26 foot canopy length
- 15 days of installation
- 60% of comparable material saved
The base of the tram stop, which is located in the art-centric Prague 7 district, is UHPC that has been robotically milled with graceful arches.
Panels of laser-etched Plexiglas form the backrest for the bench and cap the 9-foot-high canopy, both of which are made of tinted, 3-D printed UHPC that's been robotically cut.
Furthering the project's sustainability, electronic displays showing timetables for the city's 38 tram routes are solar-powered, all helping to encourage the use of public transportation instead of cars.
Through Adaptive Reuse, Studio Alexander Fehre Turns Two Buildings into a New Facility in Germany
Studio Alexander Fehre turns two buildings into a playful special-projects facility at the Bosch Engineering headquarters in Germany.
Rockwell Group Earns a Best of Year Award for the Moynihan Train Hall in New York
2021 Best of Year winner for Transportation – Small. Rockwell Group designed a ticketed waiting area for Amtrak and Long Island Railroad customers that brings the glamour back to travel.
The Bor̆islavka Center by Aulík Fišer Architekti Reflects Prague's History
The dramatically faceted glass facades of the Borislavka Center by Aulík Fišer Architekti reflect Prague, old and new.
Experience Damascus Room at the L.A. County Museum of Art
Damascus Room, an 18th-century, 300-square-foot chamber imported from Syria, debuts as an installation at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.
View a Towering Installation in Spain Made of Silk
Years of research into the structural potential of standard textiles transformed silk into a towering installation in Spain by Paloma Cañizares Office.
10 Questions With… IIDA's Ronnie Belizaire
Ronnie Belizaire, president of IIDA's 2023-2024 Board of Directors, discusses her career journey and IIDA's role in advocating for workplace equity.


hiding real directory information from users increases the security of your system. This is probably true but it is generally not a significant security problem. By default, this is off because the real directory path is often very helpful in sorting out problems, and we believe that making the server easier to use and administer is more important than this subtle security enhancement. However, the option is provided here if you do want/need to be paranoid.
The banner is displayed after the user has logged in. Some FTP clients hide this information but most will display it in some way. Typically you use this banner to tell users what they will find in various directories. You can use a special variable %virtual_paths% which the server will replace with a list of aliases that are defined and there real physical paths.
Back to server


text:
For National Coffee Day Dunkin' Donuts and CareerBuilder have gotten together to survey professionals regarding their coffee consumption. The survey was conducted from August 13 to September 6, 2012 and included more than 4,100 workers nationwide.
The survey found that food preparers and service workers are the people who need coffee the most. Second in need are scientists and sales representatives followed by Marketing/Public Relations Professionals Nurses (Nurse, Nurse Practitioner or Physician Assistant), Editors/Writers/Media Workers, Business Executives,Teachers/Instructors (K-12), Engineering Technicians/Support and finally IT Managers/Network Administrators.
"There's a reason why coffee is a staple in the workplace. Workers report that coffee fuels higher energy and productivity, and serves as a means to socialize with colleagues." said Cynthia McIntyre, Vice President of Marketing & Communications at CareerBuilder
The survey also reviled that 43% of coffee drinkers claim they are less productive when they do not drink coffee.
"On National Coffee Day we celebrate the important and unique role coffee plays as a vital part of our daily lives. As these survey results show, coffee continues to become more and more essential in the workplace in particular, helping workers across all professions stay productive throughout the workday," John Costello, Chief Global Marketing and Innovation Officer at Dunkin' Brands, said.


text: The assumed mode method is widely used in the dynamic modeling of single flexible structures such as beams, bars, cables and plates. However, its application is limited when dealing with the vibration problems of combined structures because it cannot reflect the coupling between components. The approximate dynamic model of the combined structure can be established by using the assuming modes, and then the natural frequencies and corresponding eigenvectors of the system can be obtained by using the approximate model. Based on this approach, the global modes of the system can be obtained effectively. In this paper, a simply supported beam with multiple elastic supports in the middle span is taken as an example, and the global modes of the system are extracted by assuming mode weighting, so as to establish the dynamic model of the system. The results of the intrinsic characteristics analysis of the system show that the global mode of the system can be easily obtained by assumed model weighting. The results of dynamic response analysis of the system show that the nonlinear dynamic model based on the proposed global mode can effectively reflect the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the system.


text:
Lab 3-roll mill is widely used for printing inks, pigment, plastics and chocolate' grinding test.
Especially for high viscosity, plaster products grinding.
1. The three rollers will squeeze materials by different speed so as to get good result.
2. All the gears are dipped inside lubricant which will prolong the machine life to maximum limit.
4. Reduce noise and energy consumption.
3. The three roller's diamter is 65mm.
4. Three roller's running speed is different.
5. Accessory: With scraping knife for discharging materials.


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Learning about proof by induction, I take it that the first step is always something like "test if the proposition holds for $n = \textrm{[the minimum value]}$"
Like this:
Prove that $1+2+3+...+n = \frac{n(n + 1)}{2}$ for all $n \ge 1$.
Test it for $n = 1$:
$$n = \frac{n(n + 1)}{2} \implies 1 = \frac{2}{2}\textrm{, which holds.}$$
* The rest of the proof goes here *
So, I do it all the time (like a standard). But I never really thought about why. Why do I do such test? I can see that if the test does not hold, it cannot be proven by induction, I guess. But is there another reason we do this?
share|improve this question
seems like if you want to prove something from here to infinity checking "here" is a good first step... but I don't know a formal name for that. – Grady Player Dec 1 '13 at 1:12
Here - "the least element" maybe _USER_. Honestly I think that you couldn't comprehensively conclude that the expression is true for the entire set of numbers. – Zhoe Dec 1 '13 at 1:14
IH: All sets of $n \ge 4$ lines on the plane intersect at a single point. If it holds true for $n\ge 4$ points, then it holds true for $n+1$ points since the first $n\ge 3$ points intersect at a point and so too do the last $n$ lines and the two intersection points must be the same point. Therefore, all lines on the plane intersect at a single point. – Neil G Dec 1 '13 at 3:26
A row of dominos can't fall if none of them are pushed. – L. F. Dec 1 '13 at 13:17
9 Answers 9
up vote 50 down vote accepted
Imagine a pond with an infinite linear progression of lily pads. You have a frog who, if he hops on one pad, he is guaranteed to hop on the next one. If he hops on the first pad, he'll visit them all. But if he never makes the first lilypad, all bets are off.
share|improve this answer
He's up a creek without a pad? – Brian M. Scott Dec 1 '13 at 1:27
Either that or the resident cottonmouth got a springy meal. – ncmathsadist Dec 1 '13 at 1:29
_USER_.Scott....brilliant! – Tom Dec 1 '13 at 1:31
We have to test the "base case" because otherwise we could "prove" things by induction that aren't true. For instance: let's "prove" that the sum of the first $n$ even numbers is odd. Certainly if $S = 2+4+\cdots+2n$ is odd, then $2+4+\cdots+2n+(2n+2) = S + 2n+2$ is also odd, since an even number plus an odd number is odd.
So by "induction", the sum of the first $n$ even numbers is odd.
Of course this is false, and the reason we got something false is that we didn't verify that the base case holds (it doesn't).
share|improve this answer
Nice example! It's non-trivial but clearly shows what is wrong. – CompuChip Dec 1 '13 at 11:30
The induction proof is, in a metaphor, a game of dominos. Your goal is to make the pieces fall over, where if the $n$th domino falls, so will the $(n+1)$st. However, if you don't knock down the beginning domino, none may fall over.
An example of what goes wrong without appropriate base case...
Claim: For all $n \in \Bbb{N}=\{1, 2, 3,...\}$, $n \geq 1000$.
Proof without base case: If $n \geq 1000$ the $n+1 > n \geq 1000$.
An example of what goes totally wrong...
Claim: For all $n \in \Bbb{N}$, $n > n$.
Proof without base case: If $n > n$, then by adding $1$ to both sides we see $n+1>n+1$. Therefore, by baseless induction, we've "proved" the claim.
share|improve this answer
Snicker.......... – ncmathsadist Dec 1 '13 at 1:25
It might help to explain why the statement isn't true if your base case is n=1000. Other than the obvious.... how can someone know their base case is appropriate. For example, $n! \ge e^n$ (for sufficiently large $n$) however $n=0$ is a horrible base case. – Squirtle Dec 1 '13 at 5:09
"Baseless induction." What a succinct description of the problem! – David K Mar 10 at 0:57
Let's take your example and modify it slightly:
Prove that $1+2+\cdots+n=\frac{n^2+n+1}{2}$ for all $n\ge 1$.
Let $P(n)$ be the statement "$1+2+\cdots+n=\frac{n^2+n+1}{2}$". Then you need to show that $P(n)$ implies $P(n+1)$. Substituting $n+1$ for $n$ we find that $$ P(n+1) =\frac{n^2+3n+3}{2} $$ Now let's establish the inductive step, that is, that we can use $P(n)$ to establish $P(n+1)$. $$ \begin{align} 1+2+\cdots+n+(n+1) &=(1+2+\cdots+n)+(n+1)\\ &= \frac{n^2+n+1}{2}+(n+1)&\text{by the inductive hypothesis}\\ &= \frac{n^2+3n+3}{2}&\text{as required} \end{align} $$ So we can conclude the highlighted statement. Sort of. Except for the fact that $P(1)$, the base case, sinply isn't true, since it asserts that $$ 1=\frac{1^2+1+1}{2} $$ As has been noted before, if you can't get the first domino to topple, none of the rest will, either.
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Let's prove that all objects in the universe are the same color. We'll prove by induction that given any set of $n$ objects, all of them are the same color.
Inductive step: Given a set $\{1,... n+1\}$ of objects, we know that $\{1,... n\}$ are all the same color $c_1$, and that $\{2,... n+1\}$ are all the same color $c_2$. But if $n\geq 2$ these two sets overlap, so $c_1$ and $c_2$ must be the same. Therefore $\{1,... n+1\}$ are all the same color.
Base case: If $n=1$, it's obvious. If $n=2$, then the two elements are the same color because... er...
Base case left as an exercice to the reader.
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To see why we need the base case, consider the following proposition:
Proposition: $\forall n \in \mathbb{N}, n = 0$
Proof: Assume this property holds for all $m \leq k$, and consider $n = k+1$.
= $k + 0$ (By inductive hypothesis noting that $1 \leq k$ is the smallest element of $\mathbb{N}$)
= $0 + 0$ (By inductive hypothesis)
= $0$
Hence the proposition holds for all $n \in \mathbb{N}$
The problem with this proof is that I haven't actually explicitly shown there exists any integer in $\mathbb{N}$ that is equal to zero; moreover, and more importantly, I can never find such an integer. As such, given that I cannot establish the base case I cannot conclude the proposition is true.
share|improve this answer
Its common this question because the introduction to inductive proof is teached very axiomatically ("proof for n=1, then proof for n+1").
An inductive proof is where one proves that a set $A$ is inductive. A set $A$ is inductive if satisfies that
 - $1\in A$
 - $n\in A \Rightarrow n+1 \in A$
If $A$ is inductive, then $A=\mathbb N$
In your example, what it is really being proved is that $A=\{n


text:
Bulacan is a province in the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region and is one of the most economically prosperous provinces in the country The province is known for its wide range of tourist attractions and historical sites, many of which are related to the Spanish colonial period. It is also home to several key industries and holds an important place in Philippine culture.
Essay topics about Bulacan can explore many interesting aspects of the region. Here are five essay topic ideas that can explore different areas of this fascinating region:
1. Exploring the Historical Sites of Bulacan: This essay topic will explore some of the most important sites in Bulacan that are related to the Spanish colonial period, including Paseo de Santa Isabel, Barasoain Church, and Biak-na-Bato National Park.
2. Examining the Economic Development of Bulacan: This essay would look at the history of economic development in the province, from the establishment of the country's first industrial park to the booming business and commercial sector that has been established in the region.
3. Examining the Religious Culture of Bulacan: This essay would explore the religious culture of Bulacan, from the traditional Christian churches that have been in the region for centuries to the new religions that have sprung up in recent years.
4. Exploring Bulacan's Unique Cuisine: This essay would look at some of the classic dishes from Bulacan, including the popular "bulalugaw" dish, as well as some of the unique dishes that have been created in the province by its creative chefs.
5. Analyzing the Tourism Industry in Bulacan: This essay would discuss the growth of the tourism industry within the province, from the classic attractions that have made it a popular destination to the modern activities and venues that are now drawing visitors from all over the world.


Gleninchaquin Park closed due to Weater
Gleninchaquin – The History of a Valley
Kate Landers_FH54537And8more_tonemapped-Edit-1
Objectives of survey:
 1. Provide an accurate record of the people that have lived in the valley.
 2. Connect the recently uncovered dwellings with the people that had lived there as part of the preparation for their restoration.
Both of these surveys are part of ongoing studies and we welcome any interest from institutions and individuals with expertise in these fields. Work on the restoration of the 18th century farm was completed back in 2012.


Ask Mr. Smarty Plants
Smoking mint instead of tobacco from Fairfield CA
Author: Barbara Medford
Date: Saturday - March 23, 2013
From: Fairfield, CA
QUESTION: I realize this is a stupid question, but i am a little curious about this. Anyway I heard more people are smoking mint leaves to help cure their addiction to tobacco and i was wondering if it is safe? I know that smoking in general is bad, but i want to know if there is anything specific in mint that can harm the lungs.
There are several reasons why this question falls out of Mr. Smarty Plant's expertise. Our focus is on the growth, propagation and protection of plants native not only to North America but to the area in which those plants grow naturally. There are170 plants in the Lamiaceae (mint) family native to North America, but you are probably asking about the mints native to the Meditteranean area of Europe, widely used for fragrance and food flavoring. So that's the first reason we wouldn't be able to answer questions about smoking it. The second reason is that our first name is "Smarty," which precludes our making any comment at all on the wisdom of sticking any burning plant in our mouth and inhaling the fumes.
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Why the London Government Pays the Queen An Axe, a Knife, 6 Horseshoes and 61 Nails Every Year
Every October at the Royal Courts of Justice in London, a bizarre ritual is carried out. That's when an axe, a knife, six horseshoes and precisely 61 nails are given to the Queen's treasurer as taxes on two pieces of property that came into the crown's possession in 1211 and 1235. The two parcels have been part of the crown's holdings for so long that no one knows exactly where they are. The tax rate on them, however, hasn't changed for centuries. One piece of property, known simply as The Moors, is quite far from London in Shropshire, England. Rent for this is a knife and an axe. The second piece of property is near the Royal Courts of Justice in London. The rent on this property was and still is six horseshoes and 61 nails. The yearly ceremony is rarely reported upon and not heavily attended by the public. Still, it's a centuries-old ceremony that has been in place for English monarchs.


text:
Alphabet > Letter
P is for Police Officer
*Police Officer Headband Hat & Badge
*Suggestions for making a police officer vest.
Other craft links
Holidays and Events
May - third week >
June > National
October > Crime Prevention Week
> Crime Prevention
Activity #1: Resources for
Learning about the role of the Police Officer and Crime Prevention
Activity #2: Crafts: Police Officer Hat
Let's Make a Police Officer Hat
and Badge to Honor the Police Officer an Important Community
Helper - Discuss the Letter P is for Police Officer
To pay tribute to the police officer and their dedication to serve
and protect the community, the children will assemble a simple
police officer hat and wear a badge. Children love to
dress up and do dramatic play, and this will be a welcomed and fun
Instructions for the Police Officer Head band hat and badge:
1. Select your choice of color or black and white template for
the hat and badge. I would recommend the black and white
templates because these can be colored to match the uniform
colors of the police officers in your community. Older
children may be able to help cut the large hat template.
2. Ahead of time, cut a band
about 1 to 1 1/2 inches wide and 22 inches long approx. from construction paper
or card stock. Once you print the template there is enough
paper left over on the right side to cut three strips/bands and then
tape together to form the long band as illustrated in the template.
3. The hat and badge will be assembled during the alphabet P
presentation below. Optional: Add a police
vest made with a large paper grocery bag and glue the
finished badge to it.
Other great Police Officer related crafts at DLTK's:
Officer TP Roll Craft: Young children love
puppets and this craft can be used as teacher aid to present the
activities. Make one ahead of time. Tell the children
they will make their own police officer.
A paper tube is not needed to make it, simply fold the body piece in
half, glue and have the children glue the other body parts,
attach a craft stick to hold as a puppet.
Paper Craft with Police Officer Hat: If the children
love Blue from the Blue's Clues preschool TV program, then this is
the winner and is easy for children 2+ and older.
3. Make a simple police vest using a large paper grocery
bag. With the bag opened, make a large round opening on the
bottom for the head and cut the bag open along the front. Make
round holes on the sides for arm holes. Close and lay the bag
flat and children can paint the front using tempera paint and using
a sponge. Cut a long strip of black construction paper
to form a belt - just for the front where is painted, and glue on
bag when the paint is dry. Attach the badge and the vest is
ready to wear.
Activity #3: Letter P is for Police
Officer Lesson Plan Activities and Printable Materials
Indicate the letter P is in the hat as
well as in the badge.
Crafts at DLTK's:
Officer TP Roll Craft
Paper Craft with Police Officer Hat


text: ||Observational field studies were conducted on two remote populations of feral horses in Australia to determine whether lateralization is a characteristic of Equus caballus as a species or results from handling by humans. Group 1 had been feral for two to five generations and Group 2 for 10–20 generations. In both groups, left-side biases were present during agonistic interactions and in reactivity and vigilance. Therefore, as in other vertebrates, the right hemisphere appears to be specialized to control agonistic behaviour and responses to potential threats. The leftwards bias was stronger in measures of behaviour involving more aggression and reactivity. Preferences to place one forelimb in front of the other during grazing were also determined. No population bias of forelimb preference was found, suggesting that such limb preferences present in domestic horses may be entrained. Since stronger individual limb preferences were found in immature than in adult feral horses, limb preference may be modified by maturation or experience in the natural habitat. Stronger limb preference was associated significantly with elevated attention to the environment but only in younger feral horses. No sex differences in lateralization were found. The findings are evidence that horses show visual lateralization, as in other vertebrates, not dependent on handling by humans. Limb preference during grazing, by contrast, does appear to depend on experience.


text:
"european" in a sentence
- Adjective: European 'yûru'peeun
Noun: European 'yûru'peeun
- Of or relating to or characteristic of Europe or the people of Europe
- A native or inhabitant of Europe
Derived forms: Europeans
See also: Europe
Type of: denizen, dweller, habitant, indweller, inhabitant
- It was built after a european model.
- The europeans produced mainly war planes.
- Certainly it captivated the european writer.
- It is a voice of european public opinions.
- european nations are relatively modest in size.
- europeans and jews do not readily assimilate.
- The tour took in six european capitals.
- I don't care much for these european potatoes.
- I accompanied him on his european travel.
- I still carry european pollution.
, "europassport" meaning
, "europe" meaning
, "europe agreements" meaning
, "europe, fortress" meaning
, "european academic and research network" meaning
, "european adder" meaning
, "european adders" meaning
, "european agricultural guidance and guarantee fund" meaning
What is the meaning of european and how to define european in English? european meaning, what does european mean in a sentence? european meaning
, translation, pronunciation, synonyms and example sentences are provided by eng.ichacha.net.


Definition of Institutionalization:
 1. The state of being placed or kept in a residential institution.
 2. The action of establishing something as a convention or norm in an organization or culture.
 3. Process which translates an organizations code of conduct, mission, policies, vision, and strategic plans into action guidelines applicable to the daily activities of its officers and other employees. It aims at integrating fundamental values and objectives into the organizations culture and structure.
How to use Institutionalization in a sentence?
 1. People with a history of long-term institutionalization.
 2. They remain committed to the institutionalization of democracy.
 3. The institutionalization of the memorandum was part of the large scale shift in the cultural values that were newly adopted by the firm.
 4. We were looking into institutionalization and if it would be a good choice to put my brother in a place where people would help him.
 5. Sometimes you need to make a strong message so that everyone will follow the INSTITUTIONALIZATION that you are trying to keep in tact.
Meaning of Institutionalization & Institutionalization Definition


text:
Sausage is from the Latin salsus (salted): the Romans made sausages of salted meat to eat during the winter months. About 1900 Harry Stevens sold frankfurters (first made at Frankfurt am Main) in hot bread rolls at a New York baseball ground. The cartoonist TA Dorgan called these 'hot dogs' in a cartoon of a dachshund in a bread roll, perhaps because of rumours as to the contents of the sausages. Dorgan also invented the phrase 'cat's pyjamas'.
Botulism, a bug that was first found in tinned sausages, is from the Latin botulus (sausage). Bowel is from the same root. Another bug that causes food poisoning, salmonella, has nothing to do with salmon but gets its name from the US pathologist, Daniel Elmer Salmon (_PHONE_).Susan Watkin


Swastika and other symbols found drawn in snow on truck and in an alley in South Milwaukee
Erik S. Hanley
Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
Police car
SOUTH MILWAUKEE - A Nazi swastika was found drawn in the snow on the back window of a truck and in an alley just east of the victim's driveway, Dec. 9.
According to the South Milwaukee Police log, the truck owner called the police to report the symbol, along with other unintelligible symbols, drawn into the snow in the alley in the 400 block of Marshall Avenue.
Footprints were melting in the snow as police attempted to follow where the creator of the symbols went — east toward 4th Avenue was the best assessment according to the log. Police checked nearby streets, but didn't find any other footprints matching the ones near the symbols.
The report stated it's unknown what the true intent was for the creation of the symbols. However, the responding officer didn't believe the creator was attempting to intimidate or scare anyone. It states if that was the case the symbols would have likely been drawn in a more permanent medium — such as scratched into paint or painted on something.
Additionally, the report cites local schools recently went over World War II history the past week due to the anniversary of the attack on Pearl Harbor. The report states it's possible a student found the symbols "intriguing" and not knowing the full meaning, drew them in the snow.
The symbols have since melted away.


text:
Thermorheological behavior of Alaska pollock (AP) and Pacific whiting (PW) surimi was evaluated during gelation at different moisture contents (80% to 95%). The temperature sweep data (storage modulus, G′, compared with temperature) for both surimi clearly indicated G′ minima. Unlike for the PW surimi, the minimum values of the AP sarimi was moisture-content dependent and there was a linear relationship between logarithm of concentration and reciprocal absolute temperature at gelation. The activation energy (Ea) for aggregation after gelation temperature at each moisture content was calculated by a nonisothermal kinetic model for both AP and PW Surimi. The Ea values increased with moisture content of the system and ranged from 172.8 to 232.9 kJ/mol. Based on the assumption that melting temperature for a thermo-reversible gel may be considered equivalent to gelation temperature for thermo-irreversible gels, an Arrhenius-type model was used to estimate the enthalpy of cross-links formation for AP surimi to be 300.3 kJ/mol.
|Journal||Journal of Food Science|
|Publication status||Published - 2004 Sep 1|
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Food Science


text:
Famous and successful British singer Alice Fredenham is one of the biggest stars in the world. Alice Fredendam was born on 14 April 1985 in the United Kingdom. She is currently 37 years old. Bulat is a nickname of Alice. She prefers to be addressed by her nickname.
The majority of people refer to her as Alice Fredenham, her actual birth name. In Britain's Got Talent's seventh season, Alice Fredenham has progressed to the semifinals. At the time of her audition, Alice Fredenham was a beauty consultant. She gained fame as a winner of " Britain's Got Talent. " In this article, we will discuss Alice Fredenham net worth, creer, education, and all other things.
Alice Fredenham Early Life
In Harpenden, England, Alice Fredenham was born. She grew up alongside her parents. She prefers to keep her parent's and siblings' personal information private and wants them to live happy, satisfying life like normal people.
She is a Christian with British citizenship, and Aries is her zodiac sign. She has always had a strong passion for singing, so she decided against continuing more education instead of focusing on her singing career.
Alice Fredenham Education
Alice Fredenham attended the St. Albans Girls School in Hertfordshire's St. Albans. She used to take part in singing-related activities at her school. She quit going to school to focus on her singing career. She focused on her work rather than completing her education at a university or college.
What is the physical appearance of Alice Fredendam?
Alice Fredenham was born on 14 April 1985 and is currently 37 years old. She stands at the height of 5 feet 4 inches (163 centimeters) and weighs about 121 pounds (55 kilograms). Her hair is black, and she has black eyes.
Alice Fredendam Personal Life
One of her closest friends also belongs to Alice Fredenham family. Joe Lenzie is the man's name, and he not only backs her but also loves her. Joe Lenzie is a British singer and producer. He is a partner in the Sigma musical production team. He has always been supportive and strengthened Alice Fredenham's confidence.
He plays a significant part in Alice's professional advancement. Alice acknowledges that Joe encouraged her to participate in the UK's Got Talent auditions. Having struggled in previous relationships, she is content and confident in her relationship with Joe.
Professional Career of Alice Fredenham
She worked as a beauty therapist to begin her profession. After that, Alice Fredenham decided to sign up for Britain's Got Talent's seventh season of auditions. The judges appreciated her performance during her audition for the competition, describing her voice as "like liquid gold."
The semifinalist in the competition was Fredenham. She has also tried out for The Voice in addition to this. She did not, however, get chosen for the auditions. The videos of Fredenham, who specializes in jazz and blues performances, have received millions of views on YouTube.
After concluding a brief demo deal with some, it was apparent to release a recent album through a well-known campaign early in 2015. The decade class new album is easy to earn; in many cases, she does not have a home studio, etc.
So require setting aside money for this as well as musicians, etc. She said that she is lucky to have a few friends that collaborated in the corporation. And have access to supply, pricing, manufacturing, etc. She can raise funds for recovering the album.
She successfully released her debut record, Under the Covers, in 2017. After earning 40,000 pounds through a Kickstarter campaign, Fredenham released this CD. She has also raised money through the Indiegogo website.
Numerous singles from her albums, such as "Bluebird," "My Funny Valentine," "Wishing on a Star," and "Coconut Grove," were featured. She is an expert at covering old tunes. She has, however, also been the focus of debate. She pretended to be nervous during her The Voice audition.
Social Media Links
For the purpose of interacting with her followers, Alice Fredenham frequently posts updates about her activities on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Three thousand seven hundred eighteen people follow her on Instagram. She is a well-known celebrity who uses social media extensively.
What is the Alice Fredenham Net Worth?
Alice Fredenham's net worth is only projected to be around $250,000. The total net worth and earnings of Lady Federham have come through her business dealings, brand endorsements, and business ventures, among other sources. Alice Fredenham describes a home in Harpenden, where she frequently travels for her singing projects and commitments.
She currently resides in a million-dollar house with her parents. She has pursued a career in business in addition to music. Fredenham has worked as a brand endorser and also makes money via YouTube.
The Kickstarter website states that the first 500 copies sold will be contacted, and those who supported the Kickstarter campaign will even receive a customized CD. Although Alice has promoted products and received money from doing so, the identity of the brand she has promoted has yet to be widely known.
Awards and Achievements
Being a participant in Britain's Got Talent and a certified beauty therapist is one of Alice Fredenham most outstanding career achievements. This platform has an excellent reputation in Britain for finding talent. Several million individuals have viewed her performance in the nation. Alice has established for herself a distinctive, durable, and attractive profession.
After reading this article, it is concluded that Alice keeps entertaining her audiences with timeless classical music. Alice experienced a great deal of popularity and some difficulties and hardships. She came out as a strong person who is determined to never give up on her aspirations as a result of all these difficulties. With her admirers' help, Alice created playlists, ultimately realizing her dreams.
- What concerns Alice the most?
Alice's biggest concern is being judged by herself or others. I'm not afraid of heights or spiders, but I'm terrified of judgment, she remarked in an interview with The Telegraph.
- What activities does Alice enjoy?
Alice's interests include watching movies, taking baths, and playing with her dog, Charlie. She also enjoys collecting old and vintage objects, such as vintage jewelry boxes and old radios.
- What kind of vehicle does Alice operate?
Alice drives German-made automobiles of the Mercedes Benz E Class brand. It comes in a wide variety of body designs and power plant setups. It is the most popular luxury car in Europe.


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Contributor
What is backup and snapshot and difference between them?
hi,
What is a backup and snapshot? How to use them and difference between them?
When should we use backup and snapshot?
3 Replies
Advisor
Snapshot Management
The snapshot creates a binary image of the entire root (lv_current) disk partition. This includes Check Point products, configuration, and operating system.
The log partition is not included in the snapshot. Therefore, any locally stored FireWall logs will not be saved.
System Backup (and System Restore)
System Backup can be used to backup current system configuration. A backup creates a compressed file that contains the Check Point configuration including the networking and operating system parameters, such as routing and interface configuration etc., but unlike a snapshot, it does not include the operating system, product binaries, and hotfixes.
Save Configuration (and Load Configuration)
Allows saving Gaia OS configuration settings as a ready-to-run CLI script. This allows you review your current setup and quickly restore the Gaia OS configuration.
Recommended backup plan
For complete backup of the system and maximum confidence, Check Points recommends combining all three methods as part of the backup plan (Snapshot Management, System Backup/Restore, Save/Load Configuration). This will allow multiple restore points, redundancy and reliability of overall restore procedure.
Collect:
 - Snapshot - after a fresh installation, before an upgrade, and before a hotfix installation.
 - Scheduled Backup - monthly or weekly, depending how frequently you perform changes in your configuration and policy
You can find find more information from Best Practices - Backup on Gaia OS
Contributor
Hey, thanks for the explanation. So, after going through the article is it Okay to say that Backup is a subset/part of a Snapshot. Means Snapshot is much wider than backup? Please correct me if i am wrong.
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Advisor
Yes.
Backup is only configurations. Snapshot is much wider backup.
Also You can schedule System Backup. But cannot schedule Snapshot Smiley Happy


text:
Locate the Touch ID sensor
The Touch ID sensor is located in the upper-right corner of your keyboard.
To set up and use Touch ID on a Magic Keyboard with Touch ID, you need a Mac computer with Apple silicon and macOS Big Sur 11.4 or later.
To use the built-in Touch ID on a Mac laptop computer with Touch ID, just set up Touch ID in System Settings (Or System Preferences) > Touch ID & Password.
Try these steps
Try using Touch ID after each step:
- Make sure that you have the latest version of macOS.
- Make sure that your fingers and the Touch ID sensor are clean and dry.* Use a clean, lint-free cloth to wipe off any dirt or debris on the Touch ID sensor.
- Your finger should cover the Touch ID sensor completely. While Touch ID is scanning, you shouldn't tap too quickly or move your finger around.
- Choose Apple menu > System Settings (or System Preferences), click Users & Groups, then click the lock to make changes. Click Login Options, then make sure that Automatic login is off.
- Choose Apple menu > System Settings (or System Preferences), click Touch ID & Password, then turn on the setting to use Touch ID to unlock your Mac.
- Try to add a different fingerprint. Choose Apple menu > System Settings (Or System Preferences), click Touch ID & Password, then click Add Fingerprint.
- For Magic Keyboard with Touch ID, turn your keyboard off and on, then connect your keyboard to your Mac with the USB to Lightning cable. After you turn Magic Keyboard off then on, Touch ID may be unavailable for up to 10 seconds.
- Restart your Mac.
If you need to enter your password
The first time you log in after you turn on, restart, or log out of your Mac, you must log in by entering your password manually. After that, you can use Touch ID to log in.
Additionally, you might need to enter your password instead of using Touch ID in these situations:
- Your fingerprint isn't recognized five times in a row
- You haven't unlocked your device in more than 48 hours
- You're trying to change settings in the Touch ID & Password pane of System Preferences
* Moisture, lotions, sweat, oils, cuts, or dry skin might affect fingerprint recognition. Certain activities can also temporarily affect fingerprint recognition, including exercising, showering, swimming, cooking, or other conditions or changes that affect your fingerprint.


Bitmask Helper Function
Date Published: 31 August 2004
Bitmask Helper Function
I had a need recently to be able to determine if a given position of an integer bitmask was set or not (for example, given the bitmask 0101 which is 5 in decimal, how would you check if the 4 position is set? — this is less obvious for, say decimal 75 — is 16 set?). Here's the method I came up with, which could be done in one line but is broken into several for clarity and ease of debugging:
Updated (thanks to Scott Allen):
privateboolIsBitSetSmartWay(intbitmask,intbitpositionvalue)\
{\
// bitmask is an integer bitmask value (e.g. 1111 = 15)\
// bitpositionvalue is a power of 2 (e.g. 1,2,4,8,16)\
return(bitmask & bitpositionvalue) > 0;\
}
privateboolIsBitSetSillyWay(intbitmask,intbitpositionvalue)\
{\
// bitmask is an integer bitmask value (e.g. 1111 = 15)\
// bitpositionvalue is a power of 2 (e.g. 1,2,4,8,16)\
intposition = (int)Math.Round(System.Math.Log((double)bitpositionvalue, 2));\
intshiftedbitmask = bitmask >> position;\
return(shiftedbitmask % 2) == 1;\
}
The rounding is in there because the Math.Log of 8 was giving me 2._PHONE_ or something like that, which (int) was truncating to 2. The basic theory is to shift the bit we want to inspect to the right until it is in the 1s position, and then test to see if the new value is odd or even by MODing it by 2 and checking for a remainder of 1. Anyway, I couldn't find any built-in way to check a given position of a bitmask, so hopefully this will help somebody else who is looking for the same algorithm.
Steve Smith
About Ardalis
Software Architect
Steve is an experienced software architect and trainer, focusing on code quality and Domain-Driven Design with .NET.


Server Programmer vs. Graphics Programmer
Learn what a server programmer does versus a graphics programmer from gaming industry expert Anthony Castoro in this Howcast video.
The difference between a server programmer and a graphics programmer is a
good question because they're really on opposite ends of the spectrum on
programming. A server programmer is someone who works on the logic and code
in an online game that is in the server set, and controls everything that
happens behind the scenes. Whereas, a graphics programmer is someone who works on
the code that runs on your computer or on your console and displays all of the
different graphics: controls the special effects, the animations, all the rendering that's going on.
If you're looking to be a programmer in the game industry, you
have to ask yourself, What you really want to be involved in? Are you really
good at 3D math? Do you know what left hand versus right hand means when
it comes to mathematical formulas, or do you really like Linux and
distributive computing and you really want to be in that part of the
If you're really thinking about getting in, and you have some aptitude for
software programming, there are a wide variety of things that you can do. You should really play to your strengths. The good news is; the pay is really
good on either side of the spectrum.
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The Question:
Was Alfred Nobel married and did he have children?
The Answer:
No and no.
Swedish-born chemist and inventor Alfred Bernhard Nobel was what we call nowadays "a workaholic," which left little time for a personal life. He spent a good portion of his life traveling and working. By the time he died in 1896 Nobel had learned several languages and had 355 patents.
According to the Nobel Museum in Stockholm, the closest Nobel ever came to having a wife was when he was 43 years old. He ran the following ad in the newspaper: "Wealthy highly-educated elderly gentleman seeks lady of mature age, versed in languages, as secretary and supervisor of household."
The most qualified candidate was an Austrian woman named Countess Bertha Kinsky. She worked for Nobel for two years beginning in 1876 before returning to Austria to marry Count Arthur von Suttner. Despite this, Nobel and Bertha von Suttner remained good friends and corresponded regularly.
As time went on von Suttner became increasingly critical of the arms race and in 1899 published what would become a classic book in the peace movement, Die Waffen nieder (Lay Down Your Arms).
Unquestionably this relationship influenced Nobel when he wrote his final will which established annual awards, called Nobel Prizes, for work in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, and literature, and toward the promotion of international peace.
Bertha von Suttner was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1905.
—The Fact Monster


text:
TAHLEQUAH — The Cherokee Nation held a ribbon-cutting ceremony at the tribe's headquarters in Tahlequah Tuesday to celebrate the first tribal solar canopy car charging station to be built by a tribe in Oklahoma.
Cherokee Nation's new charging station is located in the main parking lot of the W.W. Keeler Tribal Complex. It is capable of charging up to eight electric vehicles and also provides about 58,000 kilowatt hours of electricity to the tribal complex each year, equivalent to the amount of electricity needed to power three or more homes.
"Embracing solar panels and adding electric vehicles to our fleet is consistent with Cherokee Nation's leadership in clean-energy usage and carbon-footprint reduction," Cherokee Nation Principal Chief Bill John Baker said. "Cherokee Nation is the first tribal government in Oklahoma to build and utilize a solar canopy like this. We have always been good stewards of the land, and this is another example of exceptional natural resource conservation, a legacy established by our ancestors."
Construction costs for the solar canopy totaled around $300,000 through a partnership between Cherokee Nation and the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
The Cherokee Nation purchased its first two 100-percent electric-powered Nissan Leaf compact cars in October. The Leafs can travel about 107 miles on one charge and produce zero emissions.
Francis Renewable Energy of Tulsa was the contractor for the solar canopy charging station.
The solar canopy and addition of electric vehicles to the Cherokee Nation fleet are part of the tribe's recent initiative to reduce carbon emissions.


text:
Cotton harvesting/picking may be accomplish manually or mechanically using cotton picker. A manually operated cotton picker was developed and on-farm performance evaluation was carried out. The cotton picker was compared with the existing manually operated cotton picker, and the traditional method of harvesting cotton on the bases of time input, labour requirement, ground and plant harvest losses. Results indicate that labour requirement for the developed cotton picker; the existing cotton picker and manual cotton picker were 166.17, 173.8 and 93.3 man-hour-ha-1 respectively. With their respective ground harvest losses of 15, 12 and 5% at the branch moisture content of 39.5% wet base and cotton moisture content of 2.8% wet bases. The study also indicates that time input, labour requirement, ground plant harvest losses were statistically significant at 5% level.
Key words: Cotton picker, picking, efficiency, picking losses, manual.
Copyright © 2022 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0


Rank – Use a rank for an incentive
To use a rank within an incentive:
 1. Create a Levels incentive, then choose Rank as the award.
 2. In the form used to create the incentive, click on the Choose a badge button in the Badge (Award) section.
 3. Click on the rank you want.
A rank can only be used with Levels incentives.


Tucker
From Eigenvector Research Documentation Wiki
Revision as of 16:03, 22 February 2013 by imported>Jeremy (→Synopsis)
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Purpose
TUCKER analysis for n-way arrays.
Synopsis
model = tucker(x,ncomp,initval,options) %tucker model
pred = tucker(x,model) %application
tucker(model) % provides a table of variances per component.
Description
TUCKER decomposes an array of order K (where K ≥ 3) into the summation over the outer product of K vectors. As opposed to PARAFAC every combination of factors in each mode are included (subspaces). Missing values must be NaN or Inf.
Inputs
 - x = the multi-way array to be decomposed and
 - ncomp = the number of components to estimate, or
 - model = a TUCKER model structure.
Note that when specifying (ncomp), it must be a vector with K elements specifying the number of components for each mode.
Optional Inputs
 - initval = if initval is the loadings from a previous TUCKER model are then these are used as the initial starting values to estimate a final model,
if initval is a TUCKER model structure then mode 1 loadings (scores) are estimated from x and the loadings in the other modes (see output pred),
 - options = discussed below.
Outputs
 - model = a structure array with the following fields:
 - modeltype: 'TUCKER',
 - datasource: structure array with information about input data,
 - date: date of creation,
 - time: time of creation,
 - info: additional model information,
 - loads: 1 by K+1 cell array with model loadings for each mode/dimension,
 - pred: cell array with model predictions for each input data block,
 - tsqs: cell array with T2 values for each mode,
 - ssqresiduals: cell array with sum of squares residuals for each mode,
 - description: cell array with text description of model, and
 - detail: sub-structure with additional model details and results.
 - pred = is a structure array, similar to model, that contains prediction results for new data fit to the TUCKER model.
Options
options = a structure array with the following fields:
 - display: [ {'on'} | 'off' ], governs level of display,
 - plots: [ {'final'} | 'all' | 'none' ], governs level of plotting,
 - waitbar: [ {'on'} | 'off' ], governs use of waitbar while calculating,
 - weights: [], used for fitting a weighted loss function (discussed below),
 - stopcrit: [1e-6 1e-6 10000 3600] defines the stopping criteria as [(relative tolerance) (absolute tolerance) (maximum number of iterations) (maximum time in seconds)],
 - init: [ 0 ], defines how parameters are initialized (see PARAFAC),
 - line: [ 0 | {1}] defines whether to use the line search {default uses it},
 - algo: this option is not yet active,
 - blockdetails: 'standard'
 - missdat: this option is not yet active,
 - samplemode: [1], defines which mode should be considered the sample or object mode and
 - constraints: {kx1 cell}, defines constraints on parameters (see below). The first three cells define constraints on loadings whereas the last cell defines constraints on the core.
CONSTRAINTS
The options field constraints is used to employ constraints on the parameters. It is a cell array with number of elements equal to the number of modes of the input data X. Each cell contains a structure array with the following fields:
 - nonnegativity: [ {0} | 1 ], a 1 imposes non-negativity.
 - unimodality: [ {0} | 1 ], a 1 imposes unimodality (1 local maxima).
 - orthogonal: [ {0} | 1 ], constrain factors in this mode to be orthogonal.
 - orthonormal: [ {0} | 1 ], constrain factors in this mode to be orthonormal.
 - exponential: [ {0} | 1 ], a 1 fits an exponential function to the factors in this mode.
smoothness.weight: [0 to 1], imposes smoothness using B-splines, values near 1 impose high smoothness and values close to 0, impose less smoothness.
 - fixed.position: [ ], a matrix containing 1's and 0's of the same size as the corresponding loading matrix, with a 1 indicating where parameters are fixed.
 - fixed.value: [ ], a vector containing the fixed values. Thus, if B is the loading matrix, then we seek B(find(fixed.position)) = fixed.value. Therefore, fixed.value must be a matrix of the same size as the loadings matrix and with the corresponding elements to be fixed at their appropriate values. All other elements of fixed.value are disregarded.
 - fixed.weight: [ ], a scalar (0 ? fixed.weight ? 1) indicating how strongly the fixed.value is imposed. A value of 0 (zero) does not impose the constraint at all, whereas a value of 1 (one) fixes the constraint.
 - ridge.weight: [ ], a scalar value between 0 and 1 that introduces a ridging in the update of the loading matrix. It is a penalty on the size of the esimated loadings. The closer to 1, the higher the ridge. Ridging is useful when a problem is difficult to fit.
 - equality.G: [ ], matrix with N columns, where N is the number of factors, used with equality.H. If A is the loadings for this mode then the constraint is imposed such that GAT = H. For example, if G is a row vector of ones and H is a vector of ones (1's), this would impose closure.
 - equality.H: [ ], matrix of size consistent with the constriant imposed by equality.G.
 - equality.weight: [ ], a scalar (0 ? equality.weight ? 1) indicating how strongly the equality.H and equality.G is imposed. A value of 0 (zero) does not impose the constraint at all, whereas a value of 1 (one) fixes the constraint.
 - leftprod: [0], If the loading matrix, B is of size JxR, the leftprod is a matrx G of size JxM. The loading B is then constrained to be of the form B = GH, where only H is updated. For example, G may be a certain JxJ subspace, if the loadings are to be within a certain subspace.
 - rightprod: [0], If the loading matrix, B is of size JxR, the rightprod is a matrx G of size MxR. The loading B is then constrained to be of the form B = HG, where only H is updated. For example, if rightprod is [1 1 0;0 0 1], then the first two components in B are forced to be the same.
 - iterate_to_conv: [0], Usually the constraints are imposed within an iterative algorithm. Some of the constraints use iterative algorithms themselves. Setting iterate_to_conv to one, will force the iterative constraint algorithms to continue until convergence.
 - timeaxis: [], This field (if supplied) is used as the time axis when fitting loadings to a function (e.g. see exponential). Therefore, it must have the same number of elements as one of the loading vectors for this mode.
 - description: [1x1592 char],
If the constraint in a mode is set as fixed, then the loadings of that mode will not be updated, hence the initial loadings stay fixed.
See Also
conload, corcondia, coreanal, corecalc, datahat, gram, mpca, outerm, parafac, parafac2, tld, unfoldm


text:
Sexual Abuse and Human Trafficking Prevention and Safety
Sudbury Women's Centre (SWC) helps in cases of sexual abuse and human trafficking prevention and safety; however, we are seeing in increased need for safe intervention strategies where girls and women are concerned.
Victims and/or survivors are at-risk due to a number of factors, including gender, ethnicity, age, low income, addictions and mental health concerns, and physical health. From the Government of Canada's National Consultations Discussion Paper – The Way Forward to End Human Trafficking: "The populations at greatest risk of trafficking are those exposed to a number of overlapping risk factors in their lives and those who are among more disadvantaged or marginalized groups. Children, adolescent girls, and women tend to be most at risk of sexual trafficking and exploitation."
From the statistics identified by the HTNCC, the latest Juristat on Trafficking in Persons in Canada (July 2017, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics) indicates that between 2009 and 2016, 95% of human trafficking victims in Canada were female, 70% were women under the age of 25, and one quarter were under 18 (25%).
COVID-19 has highlighted a need for intervention in situations that are happening amidst the pandemic. When home is the safest place for many, that is not always the case for these women. We are here to help. If you or someone you know may be in trouble, please reach out to one of our Client Support Workers to plan for your safety.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Ok so I have two lists in C#
List attributes = new List();
List songs = new List();
one is of strings and and one is of a attribute object that i created..very simple
class Attribute
 public string size { get; set; }
 public string link { get; set; }
 public string name { get; set; }
 public Attribute(){}
 public Attribute(string s, string l, string n)
 size = s;
 link = l;
 name = n;
I now have to compare to see what songs are not in the attributes name so for example
songs.Add("yet another");
Attribute a = new Attribute("500", "_URL_", "something" );
I want a way to return "another" and "yet another" because they are not in the attributes list name
so for pseudocode
difference = songs - attributes.names
share|improve this question
add comment
4 Answers
up vote 20 down vote accepted
var difference = songs.Except(attributes.Select(s=>s.name)).ToList();
Added ToList() to make it a list
share|improve this answer
will difference be a list – Trace Mar 23 '12 at 14:12
no, is IEnumerable, but call ToList() – Adrian Iftode Mar 23 '12 at 14:13
An enumerable. Use ToList() if you need to. – DeeMac Mar 23 '12 at 14:13
Sorry Adrian, beat me to it. This is actually a really good answer, been wondering how to achieve this for a while myself. +1 – DeeMac Mar 23 '12 at 14:13
add comment
var diff = songs.Except(attributes.Select(a => a.name)).ToList();
share|improve this answer
add comment
This is the way to find all the songs which aren't included in attributes names:
var result = songs
 .Where(!attributes.Select(a => a.name).ToList().Contains(song));
The answer using Except is also perfect and probably more efficient.
EDIT: This sintax has one advantage if you're using it in LINQ to SQL: it translates into a NOT IN SQL predicate. Except is not translated to anything in SQL. So, in that context, all the records would be recovered from the database and excepted on the app side. Is much less efficiente.
share|improve this answer
Why did you post this if the other answers that use Except are perfect and more efficient? – DeeMac Mar 23 '12 at 14:15
If you see it, I posted this before the other answers, and added the comment later, stating clearly that the other solutions are better. – JotaBe Mar 23 '12 at 14:17
"I posted this before the other answers." You didn't. – DeeMac Mar 23 '12 at 14:25
Plus, you're missing a right parenthesis. – DeeMac Mar 23 '12 at 14:34
Hey, the voting system is here so that people knows which is the best answer. That's why I've voted adrian's. However I think it won't hurt to see a different alternative. Mine have at least one advantage. See my edited answer. – JotaBe Mar 23 '12 at 15:24
show 4 more comments
It's worth pointing out that the answers posted here will return a list of songs not present in attributes.names, but it won't give you a list of attributes.names not present in songs.
While this is what the OP wanted, the title may be a little misleading, especially if (like me) you came here looking for a way to check whether the contents of two lists differ. If this is what you want, you can use the following:-
var differences = new HashSet(songs);
differences.SymmetricExceptWith(attributes.Select(a => a.name));
if (differences.Any())
 // The lists differ.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer


text:
The Health Situation Room is a digital platform that displays HIV and health related data visually with the aim of supporting decision-making at programming level in countries. IOD PARC in partnership with IMC Worldwide conducted the evaluation of the Health Situation Room was conducted between May and October 2020. The evaluation aimed to achieve both organizational learning and accountability through assessing the relevance, effectiveness and sustainability of the initiative. Using a theory-based, non-experimental approach the evaluation looked at the programme as a whole, and the individual country experiences. The implementation of the evaluation was redesigned at the start of the process to adapt to the travel and movement restrictions imposed due to COVID-19.
Four main activities were undertaken during the evaluation: a stocktaking of the Health Situation room's implementation over the past five years, an assessment of the demand and usage of the situation room, an assessment of collaboration and transparency elements, and an assessment of country ownership and sustainability. A synthesis report brings together the findings from the evaluation that were developed through in-depth case studies ('stocktakes') of four of the nine countries in which the programme was launched (Kenya, Malawi, Uganda, and Zimbabwe), and reviews of the remaining five (Côte d'Ivoire or CIV, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia and Zambia).
UNAIDS Health Situation Room Evaluation Report and Briefing: Link to report


Southern Blind SnakeScientific name: Anilios australis
Meaning of name: The meaning of Anilios is not known. Australis is Latin meaning southern.
Distribution: Occurs throughout the southwest of Western Australia from north of Geraldton to near the South Australian border.
Description: The body colour can be from a purplish-brown to purplish-grey to pink with a cream belly. They can grow to 42cm long.
Notes: This is the most common blind snake in Perth. They shelter beneath rocks, stumps, logs and rubbish. They eat only ants and termites, meaning they are harmless to humans. Blind snakes use an unpleasant odour produced from their anal glands to deter predators.
Snakes of Western Australia. GM Storr, LA Smith, RE Johnstone. 1986


Vegetative-cell sentence example
vegetative-cell
 - There we find an association of nuclei either by the fusion of two similar cells as described by Christmann or by the migration of the nucleus of a vegetative cell into a special cell of the aecidium.
 0
 0
 - An arthrospore, however, is not a true spore but merely an ordinary vegetative cell which separates and passes into a condition of rest, and such may occur in forms which form endospores, e.g.
 0
 0
 - Before leaving the pollen-sac a division takes place in the pollengrain into a vegetative cell or cells, from which the tube is developed, and a generative cell, which ultimately divides to form the male cells (see Angiosperms and Gymnosperms).
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text:
This report aims to map and analyze available programs in the region, provide a historical overview of marital and relationship education programs (MRE), describe their effectiveness, address the challenges in implementing them, and providing recommendations and identifying future directions.
In collaboration with the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (UN ESCWA), this project looks into strengthening social protection for families in the Arab region. By examining the challenges and opportunities in strengthening family focused social protection, this project aims to contribute and promote a family perspective in social protection systems.
This is a commissioned report that provides a systematic review of child well-being, and programs and policies related to child well-being in the six Gulf countries, with emphasis on the State of Qatar. It will explore the national strategies, policies and programs that point to the wellbeing of children, and examine the challenges and gaps that promote child wellbeing


Glow-In-The-Dark Rabbits Born
Glowing Rabbits Born In Turkey, Could Help Cure Disease
The first living glowing rabbits have been born in Turkey, and one day researchers believe they could help bring affordable drug therapies to more developing countries.
The glow-in-the-dark bunnies are the product of a collaboration between the Univerwity of Hawaii at Manoa and two universities in Turkey.
Scientists used a gene from jellyfish DNA and inserted it into a rabbit's embryo, reports CBS News. While the rabbits appear completely normal and white in everyday lighting, the same isn't true under black light.
Instead, they glow bright green. While transgenic mice, cows, goats, chickens, and pigs have already been produced successfully, CBS News reports that this was the first instance of a successful transgenic rabbit.
The bunnies were conceived using in vitro fertilization (IVF) from embryos extracted from an adult female rabbit. They then inserted plasmids into the embryos in a process similar to that used in IVF human procedures.
The Los Angeles Times notes that Stefan Moisyadi, an associate professor at the University of Hawaii Manoa who worked on the glowing rabbits project, commented that the jellyfish protein won't hurt the bunnies and it also won't alter their lifespan. However, those rabbits will pass the glow-in-the-dark gene on to their offspring.
Eventually, the Turkish team, including Moisyadi, hopes to insert the jellyfish gene into larger mammals, such as sheep and cattle. The associate professor added that the scientists' "main plan was to do sheep, but they only have one or two embryos max." He added that the group currently has 10 pregnant sheep, about 25 percent of which they believe will end up glowing in the dark.
Eventually, Moisyadi hopes that the process will be used not to implant jellyfish genes, but instead to insert genes for proteins used in medications. This is because animals can make proteins in their milk that humans often use for medicine. Being able to extract useful proteins from the animals' milk would make pharmaceuticals more affordable.
But for now, the scientists are focusing on glowing rabbits.
[Image via ShutterStock]


Articulated Ball Mandrel
What's the best way to bend an exhaust pipe? Well, it depends on what you want to achieve.
For some mass-market manufacturers, peak performance isn't as important as speedy and economical manufacturing.
But for some exhaust enthusiasts, only the best will do. For exhaust performance junkies, only ball mandrel bending will do.
What is ball mandrel bending?
Some people are strong enough to bend metal pipes using only their arms. While impressive, this feat wouldn't be particularly good for exhaust tubes because the tube can buckle at the point of bending.
This buckling will reduce the cross-sectional area of the pipe. This chokes the exhaust volume, reducing the air and gas flow and decreasing performance.
This is a problem with some tube bending methods including crush bending and wrinkle bending. Both these processes distort the pipe diameter around the bend area.
Crush bending leaves a characteristic depression along the throat of the bend, which reduces the airflow (and doesn't look particularly clean either).
Crush bending leaves a characteristic depression along the throat of the bend, restricting airflow and harming performance
Wrinkle bending also reduces the inside diameter of an exhaust tube, as well as creating a series of humps can affect flow and sound (but it is cheap, so it often used in high production processes).
To optimise airflow and exhaust performance, exhaust tubes need a smoother, more gradual bend, like the bend that you would achieve if you bent a metal tube over your knee rather than between your hands.
One way of achieving this smooth bend is by using a machine that bends tubes by pushing them through a series of rotating wheels in a process called draw bending.
One issue with these types of machines is that they exert a great deal of force on the walls of the pipe and can cause them to squash or buckle.
A ball mandrel is a tube bending component that can be placed inside the tube, acting as a core to support the inner walls of a tube while it is bent.
Ball mandrels usually consist of a longer solid cylindrical section, with a series of rounded balls attached to one side with a flexible cable.
Usually made of brass, these balls are the same diameter as the cylinder and they can flex and follow the bend radius while supporting the inside walls during the bending process.
Even with a ball mandrel, this bend my not be completely smooth, because the number and spacing of the balls can have an impact on how the tube bend looks.
Articulated Ball Mandrel
An articulated ball mandrel manufactured urgently for a client
Three or four-ball mandrels are typical for exhaust bending. But if a tube had particularly thin walls or if the radius of the bend was particularly tight, then you may need more balls with smaller gaps between each link.
Bespoke ball mandrel manufacturing
Highcross Designs specialise in exhaust tooling manufacturing, including tools for tube end forming and bending.
We work closely with customers at the design, manufacturing and testing stages of part development to achieve the desired outcome.
Working with ball mandrels, we can create exact specifications based on your requirements for bend radius, tube thickness and more.
To talk about a project, speak to a member of the team today. Call: 0161 _PHONE_.


text: This paper reports the results of investigations carried out to determine the microstructure and magnetic properties of some praseodymium-based magnets represented by the formula Pr14Fe63.9-xCo16B6Nb0.1Mx. Bonded magnets were prepared the annealed alloys using the hydrogenation, disproportionation, desorption and recombination (HDDR) process. The HDDR powders were isostatically pressed and bonded with cyanoacrylate adhesive to form permanent magnets. The effect of addition element content on the magnetic properties of these magnets was investigated. The amount of addition has a significant effect on the magnetic behaviour of these bonded magnets.


text:
Identification of the Covariance Structure of Earnings using the GMM Estimator
O'Neill, Donal and Doris, Aedin and Sweetman, Olive (2010) Identification of the Covariance Structure of Earnings using the GMM Estimator. NUI Maynooth.
In this paper we study the performance of the GMM estimator in the context of the covariance structure of earnings. Using analytical and Monte Carlo techniques we examine the sensitivity of parameter identification to key features such as panel length, sample size, the degree of persistence of earnings shocks and the evolution of inequality over time. We show that the interaction of transitory persistence with the time pattern of inequality determines identification in these models and offer some practical recommendations that follow from our findings.
Repository Staff Only: item control page


text: In the mobile gaming industry, organic installs refer to downloads that cannot be attributed to any advertising channel and thus do not introduce upfront user acquisition (UA) cost. Understanding the causal factors on organic installs is of vital importance for a game's ecosystem, as such knowledge can help bring in more organic users, who tend to be more loyal and active. A major challenge in discovering the causal effects is the potential temporal lag between an UA operation and the growth in organic installs. In this paper, we solve the problem by using a deep attentional neural network to analyze multivariate time series data. The core of our design is a novel attention mechanism, namely 2D-ATT, that can learn the contribution of each feature to the target at different levels of temporal delay. Our experiments on a series of synthetic datasets show that 2D-ATT outperforms existing approaches for discovering complex causal effects. We also use 2D-ATT to analyze a real-world mobile game dataset collected by Jam City, a video game company based in California. Our discoveries provide valuable insights to UA operations.


text:
ALEKS Math Placement Test
What is ALEKS Math Assessment?
ALEKS is a powerful artificial intelligence (AI)-based assessment software product the zeros in on the student's mathematical strengths and weaknesses, reports its findings, and then if necessary provides a learning module to improve the student's knowledge and skill. ALEKS will ask between 25 and 35 questions, none of which are multiple choice. Before beginning the assessment, students will complete an online tutorial so they know how to enter answers in ALEKS. The tutorial and placement may take up to 90 minutes to complete.
If students take the test remotely, they are expected to take the ALEKS placement assessment without assistance from another person or resource. Results from ALEKS will lead to placement in a mathematics course. If students complete the assessment using assistance, there is a strong chance that they will perform poorly in their mathematics course and have to pay tuition fees to retake it.