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English translation of आदेश
आदेशPowered by COBUILD /adesha/
Definitions and Translations
mn/adesha, ådesha, aadesha, ådesh, adesh, aadesh/
1. command transitive verb, countable noun
If you command someone to do something, or if you give them a command to do it, you order them to do it. ⇒ 'Follow me,' he commanded. ⇒ The dog owner will then give the command 'Forward'.
2. edict countable noun
An edict is a command given by someone in authority. [formal]
3. order transitive verb, countable noun
If someone in authority orders something, orders you to do something, or gives you an order, they tell you to do something. ⇒ The President has ordered a full investigation. ⇒ He ordered his men to stop shooting. ⇒ She was fined £1,200 for disobeying orders.
4. order countable noun
An order is something that you ask to be brought or sent to you, and that you are going to pay for. ⇒ The waiter returned with their order.
5. ruling countable noun
A ruling is an official decision made by a judge or court. ⇒ We wish to challenge the ruling in a higher court.
Copyright © 2014 by HarperCollins Publishers. All rights reserved.
Translation of आदेश from the Collins Hindi to English Dictionary


Search Answer: What's the Connection Between These Two Places?S
The short answer is that the building on the left is the Vedanta building (the "Old Temple") on Webster Street in San Francisco. It's owned by the Vedanta Hindu organization, which also owns an ashram site in the San Antonio Valley very near Lick Observatory (that building on the right).
Let me tell you why I asked this question…
But the general idea here is that there are often connections between things-in this case, between two buildings—and a sophisticated searcher often wants to figure out what those connections are.
It's a bit like being an investigative reporter running down a story. They've got multiple people, places and things they're trying to link together. How do they find the common elements, the threads and links that tie everything together into a story?
In this case, you knew there was a connection because I told you there was. The question for you is to figure out what that connection was. Here's what I did to find the connection… First, using your favorite image editing tool, take my composed picture and break it into two parts—the left and the right side. Then…
1. Use Search-by-Image to find that the picture on the left is the Vedanta building on Webster Street in San Francisco. That's not hard. I poked around a little bit to read the history of the place, learning that it was built in 1904 by Swami Vivekananda, who founded the Vedanta society in California in 1900. This place (now called the "Old Temple") on Webster Street was purchased for $1,800 at a time when the neighborhood was still marked by empty sandlots, market gardens, and nursery operations. Because it was on the western edge of the growing city, it was spared in the massive firestorm following the 1906 earthquake that destroyed much of the rest of the city.
But now, what possible connections are there between the two?
[ Vedanta San Francisco Mount Hamilton ]
[ Vedanta Lick Observatory ]
And quickly found that they built an Ashram (also spelled "Ashrama") out in the San Antonio Valley, "Shanti Ashram," just below Mt. Hamilton.
[ shanti ashram ]
and found that the Santa Clara Valley Water district rain gauge recorder has a web page with a rain gauge at the Ashram! That page gave me the lat/long: 37.310, -121.470
On Google Maps, I just dropped that lat/long in and then did a search for Mount Hamilton. Plugging in the lat/long drops a green arrow in the map, while searching for the observatory shows up as a Google Map red drop pin. In addition, you'll see an purple address balloon for 42210 Upper San Antonio Valley Rd, Mt Hamilton, CA, which is the address of the Ashram. You can zoom in a bit and actually find their "Meditation Shack," which still stands (and is apparently the only permanent structure on the site).
[ Vedanta Lick Observatory ]
in Google Books leads to all kinds of discoveries, including a book called "Vedanta in the West: The Ramakrishan Movement in the UnitedStates" which points out (on pg. 58) that the swami assigned a student the "specific task of synchronizing all of the clocks [ in the Webster Street building ]with the Lick Observatory."
And, since it's really the only road into the San Antonio Valley, people travelling to the Ashram must have certainly travelled past the Lick Observatory.
Search Lesson: When looking for the connection between two places / people / sites, you sometimes need to look for the points of contact between them, exploring the fringes of each concept, looking for the places where they intersect. In this case, combining the two key terms (Vedanta and "Lick Observatory") led pretty quickly to the Ashram, which is the link I was looking for.
Search on!
Search answer: What's the connection between these two places? | SearchReSearch


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Nested Object Form Support
Nested This allows forms to have arbitrarily complex nested forms that can build multiple related objects together. Let's take a simple example of a person with an address. Here are the related pseudo models:
class Person < ORM::Base has_many :addresses, :class_name => 'Address' accepts_nested_attributes_for :addresses, :allow_destroy => true end class Address < ORM::Base belongs_to :person end
The model declarations are dependent on your chosen ORM. Check the documentation to understand how to declare nested attributes in your given ORM component. Given those models and enabling nested attributes for the association, the following view will allow nested form creation:
= form_for _USER_, '/person/create' do |f| = f.text_field :name = f.text_field :favorite_color = f.fields_for :addresses do |address_form| = address_form.label :street = address_form.text_field :street = address_form.label :city = address_form.text_field :city - unless address_form.object.new_record? = address_form.check_box '_destroy' = address_form.label '_destroy', :caption => 'Remove' = submit_tag "Save"
This will present a form that allows the person's name and color to be set along with their first address. Using this functionality, the controller does not need to change whatsoever as the nested data will be passed in and instantiated as part of the parent model.
last updated: 2018-07-12comments powered by Disqus

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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What's the best method to use a temperature controller during fermentation? If you're using a freezer (or warming apparatus) connected to the controller, how do you compensate for the fact that the wort's interior temperature can be several degrees higher than the air temperature around the fermentor?
In answering a recent question about temperature control inside a freezer, mdma stated:
Finally, if you want to be really sure what your fermentation temperature is, it's best to add a thermowell and a separate thermometer. Don't be tempted to use the controller thermometer to both measure and control the wort temperature - the wort changes temperature very slowly, and the controller will overshoot massively, causing everything else in the freezer to be frozen.
This was enlightening to me. I just bought a temp controller and until reading this post I had been planning to put the controller probe into the thermowell. If I understand what mdma is saying, because the relatively dense mass of the wort will not change temperature as quickly as the surrounding air, by the time the probe in the thermowell has reached the target temperature, the air surrounding the fermentor will have dropped considerably farther. Then the ambient temp will continue to chill the wort itself, resulting in a lower-than-expected wort temp and wider swings in temp as the controller cycles cooling on and off, thus defeating the goal of maintaining a consistent temperature.
(Side note: I suspect that when fermenting ales at room temperatures, the rest of the freezer is unlikely to get all the way down to freezing temperatures, but it would still be a significant variance.)
So how do you balance between air temp and wort temp? Do you just keep an eye on it and adjust the controller if the difference is significant? How much do you compensate between air temp and wort temp?
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1 Answer
Regardless of whether you are heating or cooling you simply need to equilibrate the wort to the temp of the freezer (in your example). Meaning chilling the wort to the temp you expect to ferment at. I have never had the problems that mdma describes in the quote you provide.
Don't put 80F wort in a carboy into a freezer unit and set it to 65F, that will create the problem mdma describes. Chill to 63-67F first. IF you can't do that with your chilling, method, then put the fermentor in there first without the probe on it. Let it equilibrate, then attach (or insert) the temp probe to the vessel/wort.
If you start with just a degree or two of difference between the ambient temp and the wort temp things will work out fine. I tend to tape the probe to the side of my fermentor. I tape a small hand towel that's been folded over a couple times against the fermentor to make an insulated pocket. Then slide the probe in there against the carboy/bucket directly.
You also can to play with the differential settings on the controller too. That will ensure the device cuts out prior to things getting too far away from your set point. Say you are trying to cool to a set-point of 50F, setting the differential to cut out at 55F will let the carboy "catch up" to the chilled air before the freezer comes on again. If the differential is set to 51F you are likely to overshoot.
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I'm curious about why you tape the probe to the exterior of the fermentor instead of using a thermowell. Wouldn't the reading be more accurate from the middle of the vessel with a thermowell? I've read in several places opinions from people who don't like thermowells, but I haven't yet read a good explanation of why. – Galapagos Jim Feb 7 '12 at 0:13
In theory measuring in the center might be more accurate, but in reality the temperature monitored at the side is the same. If you've ever used a carboy for fermentation and see how much its stirring itself around the temperature is pretty homogenous throughout the vessel. That and I don't want to clean and sanitize another piece of stuff going into the carboy. – brewchez Feb 7 '12 at 1:34
+1 to taping the thermometer's probe to the outside of a fermentation vessel. From Yeast by Chris White and Jamil Zainasheff: "[One] option is just taping the controller probe to the outside of the fermentor. If you do this, you must cover the probe with some sort of insulation.... As long as there is any fermentation activity in the fermentor, the temperature will be the same throughout the beer." p. 103 -- Hope this helps. – Dustin Rasener Feb 7 '12 at 3:08
+1 good to hear you're not getting these problems, brewchez, but how do you chill the wort to the desired temperature to avoid the large fluctuations - isn't that what the temp the controller is for? I find taping on the outside is the best compromise and allows the freezer to still be used for storing other things. I had written a paragraph about taping the probe to the outside in my quoted answer, but it was already getting too long so I pulled it. – mdma Feb 7 '12 at 8:05
I have a temp controller as well, and I don't use it to cool just-boiled wort unless I have to. I have an immersion chiller, and I always try to pitch yeast a degree or two below my target fermentation temperature. The only time I have trouble getting the wort to ~65 is in the summertime, when the cold-water spigot is too warm (lagering is a similar problem). In these cases, I chill the wort as far as I can with the chiller, then put the un-pitched wort in the temp controller to get down to fermentation temp. See: homebrew.stackexchange.com/questions/4629/… – Dustin Rasener Feb 7 '12 at 12:28
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Roland_TR-808 : définition de Roland_TR-808 et synonymes de Roland_TR-808 (anglais)
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définition - Roland_TR-808
voir la définition de Wikipedia
Roland TR-808
 The Roland TR-808 Rhythm Composer, produced 1980–1984
The Roland TR-808 Rhythm Composer was one of the first programmable drum machines ("TR" serving as an initialism for Transistor Rhythm). Introduced by the Roland Corporation in early 1980, it was originally manufactured for use as a tool for studio musicians to create demos. Like earlier Roland drum machines, it does not sound very much like a real drum kit. Indeed, because the TR-808 came out a few months after the Linn LM-1 (the first drum machine to use digital samples), professionals generally considered its sound inferior to sampling drum machines; a 1982 Keyboard Magazine review of the LinnDrum indirectly referred to the TR-808 as sounding like marching anteaters. However, the TR-808 cost US$1,195 upon its release, which was considerably more affordable than the US$5,000 LM-1.
Drum machines in general became an integral part of hip hop music as a cheap and simple way of producing a drum sound. The Roland TR-808 held specific appeal because of the ability of its bass drum sound to produce extremely low-frequency sounds.[1] It also featured various unique artificial percussion sounds that characterized the TR-808:[2] a deep bass kick drum,[3][4] "tinny handclap sounds,"[4] "the ticky snare, the tishy hi-hats (open and closed) and the spacey cowbell."[2] The Roland TR-808 would eventually be used on more hit records than any other drum machine,[5] and has thus attained an iconic status within the music industry.[2] The machine's successor was the Roland TR-909.
Roland credits the design of the TR-808 to two of its employees: Mr. Nakamura, who was responsible for the analog voice circuits, and Mr. Matsuoka, who developed the software.[2] The Roland TR-808 was produced between 1980 and 1983 by the Roland Corporation, with approximately 12,000 units manufactured in that time.[6] Immediately after its appearance it was rendered essentially obsolete by the superior sound and ability to sample of the Linn LM-1. However, the much cheaper price of the TR-808 ($1,195 versus $5,000 for the Linn LM-1) and a distinctive sound (in particular its deep bass kick) made the drum machine popular among hip hop artists several years after it ceased production.[3] By the end of the 1980s, the TR-808 was popular within electronic music and hip hop genres. As with many analogue electronic musical instruments, a great deal of effort was put into sampling the sounds of the TR-808 for use in modern devices; however, due to the nature of analog circuitry, the result is often considered unsatisfactory and can sound unduly static and digital. Demand for the real 808 sound is so great that street prices for a used machine have remained close to what the cost of a new TR-808 was upon its initial release in 1980 when adjusted for inflation. The 808 also had a significant impact on dance music due to its ability to program rhythm and drum sounds separately and store up to 32 patterns, which enabled it to become a serious compositional tool.[7] The kick drum of the 808 is little more than a bridged T-network sine oscillator, a low filter and a VCA. The output works continuously and that makes it possible to produce an overdub of the same signal even after 32 steps in a medium tempo. The kick is a triggered CV pulse that is added into the audio signal. The typical flattening of the decay directly after the attack is because of the audio design of the oscillator and appears like a compression.[8]
 Popular media
The first band to use the TR-808 was the Japanese electronic music group Yellow Magic Orchestra, as soon as it was released in 1980.[2][3] One of the earliest uses of the TR-808 for a live performance was by Yellow Magic Orchestra in December 1980 for the song "1000 Knives," an electro rendition of member Ryuichi Sakamoto's "Thousand Knives" (1978). The hand-clap sound was later publicized by YMO's innovative album BGM, which was released March 1981 in Japan; used again on "1000 Knives" and in "Music Plans," another of Sakamoto's songs. The TR-808 would later be further popularized in 1982, with the release of the mainstream American hits "Sexual Healing" by Marvin Gaye and "Planet Rock" by Afrika Bambaataa.[2] Other early users of the TR-808 include Australian producer Mark Moffatt, with his studio project the Monitors (1981), and Indian musician Charanjit Singh, who used it alongside a Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer to produce music resembling acid house in 1982.[9] A TR-808 was also David Byrne's sole accompaniment (apart from his acoustic guitar) at the beginning of Stop Making Sense (1984), prior to the gradual appearance of the rest of Talking Heads, although Byrne created the illusion that the sound came from, he said, "A tape I want to play," on a boombox he brought onstage.
As more realistic and tubular drum computers appeared, the TR-808 was discontinued and it became easy to buy a used machine for a low price. Its availability led to a second life as a cheap source of rhythm for hiphop artists in the mid 1980s. The Beastie Boys breakout album Licensed to Ill consists mostly of hip hop rhymes backed by the characteristic TR-808 beats and samples from popular rock songs; its success led to a new surge in popularity.
The sounds of the TR-808 were and still are very often used in drum and bass, hip hop, R&B, house, electro, and many forms of electronic dance music, albeit often unrecognizable after extensive processing. The use of the 808 drum by Double Duce on the 1985 track "School Breakdown" and 2 Live Crew on its third album, As Nasty As They Wanna Be, established a foundation for sounds of Miami bass and southern rap.[10] According to Derrick May, the TR-808 was also the preferred drum machine during the early years of techno.[11]
On 8 August 2008 (08.08.08), a party was held in London, England, UK, to celebrate the TR-808. It featured 808 State, Arthur Baker, DMX Krew, and I-f—artists associated with the machine. The party was organized by the electro label Citinite.
The Namco Museum soundtracks use the TR-808 extensively as the main rhythm generator. Other percussion and effects were added to the soundtrack via software sequencer.
Metalcore and Deathcore bands often make use of a sub-drop to emphasize the first chord of a breakdown, this is commonly produced by using a sample of an 808 kick that has been equalized to accent the bass and sub-bass frequencies.
On "MDNA", Madonna's 2012 release, she name checks the drums in her song "Girl Gone Wild."
 2. ^ a b c d e f Jason Anderson (November 28, 2008). "Slaves to the rhythm: Kanye West is the latest to pay tribute to a classic drum machine". CBC News. _URL_ Retrieved 2011-05-29.
 3. ^ a b c Mickey Hess (2007), Icons of hip hop: an encyclopedia of the movement, music, and culture, Volume 1, ABC-CLIO, p. 75, ISBN 0-313-33903-1, _URL_ retrieved 2011-05-29
 4. ^ a b "Happy 808 Day". Wired. August 8, 2008. _URL_ Retrieved 2011-05-31.
 5. ^ Peter Wells (2004), A Beginner's Guide to Digital Video, AVA Books, p. 18, ISBN 2-88479-037-3, _URL_ retrieved 2011-05-20
 6. ^ Mark Butler (2006). Unlocking the groove: rhythm, meter, and musical design in electronic dance music. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 64. ISBN 0-253-34662-2.
 7. ^ Moore, Allan (2003). Analyzing popular music. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 94. ISBN 0-521-77120-X.
 8. ^ [1] SYNTH SECRETS Practical Bass Drum Synthesis, retrieved 2012-02-15
 10. ^ Hess, 2007, p. xxvi.
 11. ^ System 7 interview with Mark Roland in: Muzik,


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The inter-agency* Building Innovation Panel (BIP) assists firms in expediting evaluations and obtaining regulatory clearance to use innovative methods, processes, technologies and materials in their construction projects. Beyond raising productivity, these innovative solutions should improve Singapore's built environment to meet our Construction Industry Transformation Map objectives.
* Agencies include BCA, LTA, MOM, NEA, PUB, SCDF, and URA. In addition, non-regulatory agencies, HDB and JTC, are included to provide user perspective during evaluation.
The BIP aims to:
- Identify innovative technologies – This includes tracking new innovations, and conducting focus group discussions with the construction industry to identify trends and promote adoption of innovations.
- Support innovative technologies – Support will be rendered across the value chain, from upstream research to technology deployment. For example, BIP can help match inventors of promising new construction innovation with a progressive builder/developer, so that it can be implemented in an actual project and eventually, across the industry.
- Be a platform for multi-agency regulatory approval – Enables multiple agencies' evaluation and approval of innovative solutions to be expedited. These solutions should lead to at least 20% improvement in productivity/sustainability and/or demonstrate good potential to significantly improve the built environment.
Steering committee and work streams
The Steering Committee, comprising of representatives from the Trade Associations and Chambers (TACs), will give broad strategic directions for innovation in construction and align construction technology development to the objectives of the Construction Industry Transformation Map (ITM)
It will be supported by 3 work streams:
- Technology Assessment Committee – Focuses on innovations that are ready for implementation in projects and their regulatory approval. Assist firms in expediting multi-agency evaluation of innovative methods, sustainable materials and technologies.
- Research & Innovation Committee – Focuses on innovations requiring further research and development. Conducts proactive scanning and identification of construction innovations, oversees research of construction innovations, and develops new or enhanced regulatory codes to enable adoption of innovations.
- Inter-Agency Coordinating Committee – Helps to resolve any regulatory conflicts among government agencies that may arise from the use of innovative solutions in a project.
Submissions are evaluated based on:
- Level of innovation
- Impact on construction productivity of the materials, methods or processes
- Sustainable materials or technologies leading to environmentally friendly construction
Once the submission has been accepted, the BIP Secretariat will expedite resolution of outstanding issues between the applicant and respective authorities and agencies.
In Principle Acceptance (IPA) certificates
A certificate of In Principle Acceptances (IPA) will be granted to the innovative solutions (design, products, materials or processes) which have been accepted by the relevant authorities and agencies. The certificate also accords fast track status to subsequent regulatory submissions involving the use of the accepted innovative solutions.
List of innovative solutions have been granted In Principle Acceptance for use in Singapore projects:
- Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction (PPVC) System
- Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) / Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam)
- Prefabricated Bathroom Units (PBU)
How to apply
To request assistance, submit the following to BIP:
- A set of completed application form
- Documentary evidence of compliance with codes of practice (Singapore or overseas)
- Track record of overseas implementation
- Material or product specifications
- Quality certifications or test reports by accredited laboratories
- Calculation of natural aggregates savings (in tonnes) based on proposed % replacement (only applicable for sustainable construction materials)
- Any other relevant information.
Please refer to the checklist for the specific documentation required by individual government agencies for the above-mentioned item (b) to (f).


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Silence removes a minion's card text and eliminates any other effects present on the card. However, the minion can still have effects applied to it after.
- If a minions is silenced, you can still buff it, including buffs that come from other minions, such as, whose +1 attack to adjacent minions will renew immediately following a neighboring minion being silenced.
- You can also place spell buffs on a minion after it has been silenced.
- Silence will not reverse effects of ownership, such as a minion being returned to its original owner.
- It does not reverse effects of card identity either, for example a when silenced will not revert to its 3/3 form.
- Silence will remove other spell effects cast by you or by your opponent, including freeze.
- When a minion is silenced it returns to its original health if its current health is above its original health; however, if its current health is below its original health, its health will not change.
- A card with the Silence ability removes all buffs and all effects (even those written on the card) from the target while the target remains in play.
- The only way to reverse a silence is to put the card back into your hand and play it again via cards like or.
Below is a list of all cards with the silence mechanic.
- Note: For the purposes of this list, only collectible cards are listed.


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Although Paypal and the bank are similar in some aspects, they are two different entities that operate under different authorities. And each entity is not allowed to impose any limitations on other territories. In that sense, PayPal does not have any direct control over your bank account but can put restrictions on your PayPal account only.
However, when PayPal freezes any particular account, the respective account holder cannot transfer money to their bank account, which means it can indirectly freeze the individual account holder's linked bank account. So you need to be more concerned about PayPal's restrictions on PayPal accounts. Let's explore more about tissue.
PayPal is an online platform through which its users (business and personal) send and receive money. On the other hand, banks also send and receive money, but they are not limited to transaction activity only. Instead, they help people deposit their money, invest, and do many other activities.
So PayPal can be considered a partial online bank but not a bank due to its lower involvement in other banking activities. However, their transaction to be made more clearly requires the involvement of a bank; PayPal is somehow dependent on banks to send their users money to their bank account.
To do so, Users need to link their bank accounts with their PayPal accounts. To complete this process, they must provide PayPal with the necessary details of the bank account, which involve the bank account number, name, or branch location.
Once combining the PayPal account with the bank is done, users can send money from PayPal to their bank or from their bank to PayPal. So overall, the primary relationship between banks and PayPal is to ensure the smooth movement of transactions between two entities.
As stated, PayPal does not have direct control over freezing your bank account. Still, when you are restricted from transferring money from your PayPal account to your bank account, it means Paypal is indirectly freezing your linked bank account. Let's explore the dynamics between the bank account and the PayPal account.
You cannot send or withdraw money if your account is frozen or restricted. As soon as PayPal limits your account, they will let you know the reasons behind the limitation by sending you an email.
There can be many reasons, and, depending on the reasons, they will ask you to complete some steps. By responding to their query, you can remove the limitation. Here are some common reasons:
Sometimes users request PayPal for certain products like debit cards, which require them to obey government rules and regulations; PayPal puts restrictions on your account for a certain period to meet these requirements.
Paypal strictly restricts the sale of banned items such as firearms or prescription drugs. Therefore, selling prohibited items violates their policy, so PayPal may limit your account.
If PayPal detects any fraudulent activity in your account, they may freeze it. These activities include accessing your account without authorization, unauthorized transfers from PayPal to your bank, and someone using your debit and credit cards without your permission.
If you receive a larger amount of money than you usually receive, PayPal may consider the amount illegal. So they may put restrictions on your account and ask you some relevant questions about the source of the money.
If your sales performance reduces, like when more buyers ask for a refund, PayPal may limit your account. Also, if you start selling a more expensive and entirely new product, PayPal may freeze your account.
In many cases, if your sales volume rises above average, PayPal may limit your account.
Last, they may limit your account if it is not used for a long time. You must prove your identity by providing them with the necessary details to restore your account.
Usually, you will get an email. If not, find and go to their "contact us" page. You will have the option to call them at the bottom of the page. In most cases, PayPal needs this basic information from you to restore the account.
- Bank account statement
- Credit card statement that is linked
- Your email address
- Your Telephone Number
Prevention is always better than cure because cure wastes money and time. To prevent future hassle, you can do certain things so account freeze does not happen. Here is what you can do.
- Let PayPal know your big move ahead of time. If you launch a new product, let them know because such a move will likely increase your transaction volume, among other things.
- Let Paypal know your business and tell them not to restrict any significant amount.
- If you have both a debit and credit card, link both to your Paypal account.
- Ensure there is no discrepancy between your PayPal account and bank account names.
- Also, make sure to use the exact address and phone number.
How Long Does Paypal Hold Your Money, and Can You Sue Them?
As per the policy, PayPal can freeze your account for 180 days. However, depending on the severity of the problem, that only occurs occasionally; generally, they resolve the issue within a few days.
On the other hand, if you want to sue them, especially if the amount is more than $10000, you certainly can do that, but there is a chance that the result will come against you.
Also, suing such a big company is not a wise decision if you are not big. Instead, cooperating and solving the issue is a better idea.
Unfortunately, PayPal is not available in many countries. If you live in one of those countries, PayPal does not facilitate transactions for your small business.
No worries if you do not have a PayPal account, or if PayPal is not available in your country, provide a verified PayPal business account. Here is what we offer:
Business and personal Paypal accounts include verified phone numbers, bank, cand, and SSS. You will also get a Paypal email. And login ID verified as a UK resident. To learn more about our services, check out our website here.
Hopefully, the above discussion helped solve the account freezing issue. Still, you might have some questions. Here are some frequently asked questions that you might want to know.
It is a common practice and necessary to link your bank account with your Paypal account. And it is safe, and Paypal is serious about securing bank information. They use technology like end-to-end encryption on every transaction.
Paypal uses technology to secure your account from theft. Some people are concerned about hacked PayPal accounts, which is highly unlikely. Until the hacker has login details,
Paypal account limitations refer to restrictions on any account preventing users from sending and withdrawing money. It can hold money for six months. The main reason for account limitations is to ensure the safety of both buyers and sellers.
If PayPal is unavailable, you can buy a verified account or use PayPal alternatives. Some popular options include Wise, Google Pay, Payoneer, Stripe, Shopify Payments, and many others.
So there you have it. Here is our final advice, no need to be worried if PayPal freezes your account, which is a very common event.
Most importantly, the purpose of freezing an account is not to hold or seize your money; it is a process to protect your account from threats and ensure safety. Also, ensure you know why your account might be restricted because knowing them will help you avoid future restrictions. And to deal with any issue, contact PayPal directly.


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There is no better way to beautify your home during a festive season than adding Flickering Flames Solar. They are usually gorgeous and emit colorful fire-like flames that are environmental-friendly and safe. They usually operate on solar energy and this makes them cost-effective and energy-saving lighting options. In addition to that, they are dustproof, weather-resistance, durable, and deliver long-lasting performance. In this article, we have done some research and compiled the Top 10 Best Flickering Flames Solar reviews for you.
Best Flickering Flames Solar Buying Guide
- Brightness: One of the most important factors to consider when purchasing flickering flames solar is the level of brightness. Many people end up purchasing cheap lights that have low brightness, therefore, you need to look for lights that have a very high lumen rate. Remember that lumens represent the kind of brightness that the lights have. If the flame's solar light has a high lumen, then the brighter it will be.
- Battery Capacity: Another key factor you need to look at is the battery capacity. Look for a model that has a larger battery capacity in order to have a longer duration of lighting up. This is great because you need a light that works throughout the night.
- Solar Quality: Solar panel quality is likewise an essential consideration. How fast will it convert sun energy into usable energy? Higher-efficiency solar panels that are made with the latest technology have high conversion and need small space for definite wattage
- Materials: Look for solar path lights that are made with high-quality and durable materials for them to be strong and able to last long.
List of Best Flickering Flames Solars in 2023
#10. Camabel- 55 inches Tall Solar 4 Pack Torches Lights with Flicking Flame Light
- By: Camabel
- Product Dimensions: 55 x 3.9 x 55 inches
- Item Weight: 9.5 pounds
Are you searching for the best lighting backyard lamps? Camabel- 55 inches lights for outdoor lighting are among the decent choice. It's made with a stainless steel structure with a black finish for solar and will illuminate your wedding, beach, camping, and parties. With its adjustable 23 inches, 39 inches, and 55 inches height, this makes you place your desired height.
The flickering flames solar delivers a 35 lumens output of flickering flames on your patio and provides the appearance of a real fire torch. It's also included with a rechargeable battery that lasts for more than eight hours when fully charged.
- Has three adjustable heights
- 35 lumens output flickering flames
- Easy to assemble
- Bright & durable
#9. Litom 135 LED Solar Torch Light Spotlights with Dancing Flame
- By: Newhouse Lighting
- Product Dimensions: 54 x 5 x 5 inches
- Item Weight: 6.45 pounds
Keep your compound seamlessly illuminated throughout the night after having this Litom 135 LED Solar Torch Spotlights. They deliver a natural flickering and realistic lighting effect and bring great decollation to your beach party, yard, garden, and more. This Spotlight is a perfect alternative to real flame and will save solar energy from the sun and convert it into useful energy.
The Litom lights are made of high-quality materials ABS material that is heatproof, dustproof, waterproof, and can withstand all the harsh weather conditions outdoor. This ensures a long service life. In addition to that, it's easy to install and has no electricity demand. This makes it eco-friendly and money-saving.
- Brings a realistic and natural flickering lighting effect
- Easy to install
- Made of high-quality ABS material
- Longer lighting time up to 16 hours
#8. Newhouse Lighting 4-Pack FLTORCH4-B Island Torch, Black
- By: Permande
- Product Dimensions: 43 x 3.7 x 3.7 inches
- Item Weight: 1.54 pounds
Enjoy fabulous bright garden lamps while preserving the environment. Newhouse Lighting lamps are superb outdoor lights that ensure you get superb illumination during the night. No wiring is needed thus they are easy to install and are powered completely by the sun. You are just needed to attach the provided pole whenever you like. That is to say, you can use it at decks, fences, patios, pools or yard.
This beautiful Led produces mood-enhancing and safe glow that looks like a real frame. The product is also backed with a one-year limited warranty from manufacturer defects thus be confident when buying this product.
- Realistic dancing flame design
- Quick to install and powered sun solar panels
- Dusk-to-dawn lighting
- Looks great in the yard or garden
#7. Permande Flickering Flames Solar Outdoor Waterproof Garden Lights, 2 Pack
- By: 1.54 pounds
- Product Dimensions: 55 x 3.9 x 55 inches
- Item Weight: 9.5 pounds
Decorate your backyard at night by mounting one of the decent performing garden lights. The Permande Flickering garden lights are a real choice for your patio. With its unique flickering dancing flames design, it will make outdoor look great. It also consists of 96 LEDs that cast mood-enhancing and soft glow. Moreover, made using durable and strong ABS polymer material that resists chemicals and heats.
The Garden Lights comes with three option ground spike 1 wall base for a garden, 1 desk base, and 1 ground spike and this makes it be used both indoors and outdoors. It's also dustproof and IP65 water resistant thus no worries to use in weather such as snow, hail, and rain.
- Weather resistance and easy installation
- Application for wide areas
- A built-in Li-ion battery which illuminates 8 – 10 hours
- Made of strong and durable materials
#6. GUORZOM Solar Flame Outdoor Lights 96 LED Garden Lamp
- By: Litom
- Product Dimensions: 14.5 x 13.6 x 5.3 inches
- Item Weight: 2.68 pounds
Anytime you want to decorate your lawn, get yourself the best solar garden lights. The GUORZOM 96 LED garden lamp is perfect for ensuring that your garden looks well illuminated and beautiful during the night. It has an inbuilt large-capacity rechargeable battery that when fully charged, it works for more than 10 hours. The Outdoor Lights has IP 65 Waterproof properties thus cannot be damaged even during rainy days.
Ideally, this Outdoor Lights will deliver a realistic flashing flame that makes a great atmosphere whenever you are having parties in your garden. It's also RoHS and FCC certified to ensure safety.
- Have IP 65 waterproof and dustproof properties
- Built-in large-capacity rechargeable battery
- UV powder prevents damage and extended working time.
- Last for more than 10 hours after fully charged
#5. Meedasy Solar Flickering Flame Outdoor Waterproof Torch Lights, 2 Pack
- By: Meedasy
- Product Dimensions: 12.9 x 7.2 x 5.1 inches
- Item Weight: 2.42 pounds
Enhance your outdoor occasion's atmosphere like camping, Halloween weddings or Christmas with the Meedasy Solar Flickering Torch Light. It usually converts sunlight into useful stored energy that will be used during the night. The lamp has likewise equipped a function that prevents rapid discharge and overcharging for safety. Aside from that, this outdoor lamp is perfect for illuminating front lawns, front lawns, and garden paths.
You can install this Torch Lights anywhere you like as it made with durable and waterproof materials that can withstand any kind of weather. As a matter of facts, No wiring required thus its easy install.
- Waterproof and durable
- Solar panels transform sunlight into stored energy
- Ideal for illuminating garden paths
- No wiring required
#4. CYBERDAX- Solar Torch Light Outdoor /Indoor Fire Dancing Tiki Style Flickering Flames
- By: CYBERDAX
- Product Dimensions: 22 x 12.7 x 6.2 inches
- Item Weight: 7.94 pounds
Decorate your hotel, bar, bedroom, living room, or outdoor gardens using the CYBERDAX- Solar Torch Light. It's made using durable and IP65 waterproof ABS material that will withstand all kind of weather including sun, rain, and snow. The Solar Torch Light can be used both indoor and outdoor and it's easy to install. Additionally, the flickering torch comes with a rechargeable 2200mah Li-on battery that lasts more than an hour when fully charged.
This Torch Light has four installations modes, it can be fixed on the ground, on a home desk/table, insert in ground or wall mounted. All the needed basic accessories are usually provided on the pack.
- Have five flaming modes
- Waterproof and durable
- Ideal for pathways, pool, and garden
- High quality led lights
#3. TomCare 96 LED Solar Powered Lights Waterproof Solar Torches Lights
- By: TomCare
- Product Dimensions: 5.2 x 5.2 x 26.5 inches
- Item Weight: 4.5 pounds
Improve the outdoor atmosphere by introducing the TomCare 96 LED Solar Fire Light Bulbs. Comes with a dancing flames design alongside warm yellow colored light that appears like real flames that bring classical and charming appearance. They are ideal to be placed in your yard, pathway, and garden and will bring great decoration in your home.
Made using waterproof and durable ABS plastic that can withstand all kind of weather conditions thus there is no worry about frosting, snowing and raining. Similarly, equipped with a high capacity battery and high-efficiency solar panels and will light up the areas for more than 8 hours.
- Made of waterproof and durable ABS plastic
- Innovated dancing flames design
- Easy to Install
- Solar-powered thus no additional electrical tools required
#2. Aptoyu- Solar Lights Flickering Flames Solar Spotlights Torch Light, 4 Pack
- By: Aptoyu
- Product Dimensions: 10.1 x 5.9 x 4

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Candy Pixels: Math the Rainbow
In this AVIXA Explains video, we highlight how to determine total video bandwidth – using Skittles.
Candy Pixels: Math the Rainbow
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When it comes to an Audio-Visual over Internet Protocol network, or an AV over IP (AVoIP) network, it's well-known that video consumes massive amounts of bandwidth. But it can be hard to visualize just how much data various formats require.
In this latest AVIXA Explains video, we demonstrate how to determine total video bandwidth – using Skittles.
How can candy help in the visualization process? Let's do some calculating, where one Skittle equates to 1200 pixels.
When it comes to an old standard definition 4x3 television, which is 640 pixels wide by 480 pixels high, it comes out to a total of almost 307,200 pixels or 246 Skittles.
And when moving along to high definition, that amount substantially goes up. For a 6x9 widescreen format, 720p nearly triples the resolution from standard definition, resulting in close to a million pixels or 733 Skittles.
Just a few years after high definition first came out and was popularized, 1080p became the next standard for television and online video. It still offers excellent video quality while not over-taxing your network, making it a popular option to date. 1080p doubled 720's resolution with over 2 million pixels or 1651 Skittles.
Then, 4K quadrupled 1080p with over 8 million pixels or 6600 Skittles. And what about 8K? If you want to see 8K and its whopping number of Skittles, make sure to check out the video.
Additionally, pixels are just one piece of the puzzle when it comes to total video bandwidth. There are also color channels, bit depth, and frame rates to consider when working out the total video bandwidth equation. But using Skittles helps us visualize the most critical component when planning video bandwidth for your AV system – your network. It's the connection that moves all this data to your hardware, and it must move fast.
Your facility might have some of the greatest high-definition displays the industry has to offer, and they may be built to handle each one of these pixels. Yet, if your network isn't robust enough to hold all that data, you'll never maximize the full potential of your hardware.
So, where do you start to plan a system like this? It all begins with the application. Ask yourself: Which resolution makes sense for this content and hardware?
Let's say, for example, that you have a one-gigabyte switch network with Cat6A cabling. You're not going to be able to move 8K without heavy compression, but a 10-gigabyte switch network is much more feasible.
When planning your AVoIP network, a bit of math can go a long way to ensure that you create a network that makes sense for your content and budget. If you're interested in the total video bandwidth formula, you can find it in the description of the Youtube version of this video by following this link.
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Go to the profile of Georg Thingbo
26 days ago
These small nuggets of learning is fantastic for people starting in our industry. I also love that you publish them on Youtube for everyone to learn about this and elevate the Avixa brand, not to mention referring to these when end-users need to understand how or why their setup needs to be properly planned and configured.
Go to the profile of Iulia Popescu
22 days ago
@Georg Thingbo Thank you! The total video bandwidth formula is a great one to know and we are aiming to spread this information in various formats to reach more people in our industry. We hope you enjoy the video content!
Go to the profile of John Pilzner
23 days ago
Ask yourself this question. 4K, por que?
Despite some excellent marketing efforts, there may be little reason to use in a given application.
Go to the profile of Iulia Popescu
22 days ago
@John Pilzner While it does look better than 1080, it can be difficult to appreciate 4k on a smaller display. And for me, a smoother experience in 1080 is typically better than a slower 4k, so I can see why that may be an aspect to consider as well. However, I believe that 4K can be useful for professionals and content creators to present higher quality work.
Go to the profile of John Pilzner
22 days ago
@Iulia Popescu That is exactly my point. Depending on the quality of the content, the distance from the viewer to the screen, and the importance of a higher resolution, 4K may not be the right solution. Having said that, it may be the best solution, too, using the same criteria.
I use 4K monitors for work, but I have a 1080p television. I sit less than two feet away from my 24" monitors, and over 12' away from my 60" television. Content aside, the potential visual acuity justifies 4K for my work monitors. As you pointed out, this is a big benefit for content creators, who's work could be presented in a myriad of applications with widely varying viewer distances, ambient light, etc.
Thanks for the post, and for sharing the math behind the formula. Also, the Skittles analogy is a nice touch.


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I recently realized that a mixed-model with only subject as a random factor and the other factors as fixed factors is equivalent to an ANOVA when setting the correlational structure of the mixed model to compound symmetry.
Therefore I would like to know what does compound symmetry mean in the context of a mixed (i.e., split-plot) ANOVA, at best explained in plain English.
Besides compound symmetry lme offers other types of correlational structures, such as
corSymm general correlation matrix, with no additional structure.
or different types of spatial correlation.
Therefore, I have the related question on which other types of correlational structures may be advisable to use in the context of designed experiments (with betweenand within-subjects factors)?
It would be great if answers could point to some references for different correlational structures.
share|improve this question
Since it would be hard for me to explain CS in plain English, just a comment: I like chapter 7 "Examining the Multilevel's Error Covariance Structure" in Singer/Willett's (2003) "Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis". It gives a great overview. – Bernd Weiss Sep 2 '11 at 12:18
I'll second the advice of getting a good textbook. Singer/Willett is good; I also like Weiss (2005) "Modeling Longitudinal Data"; chapter 8 "Modeling the Covariance Matrix" has this specific information. – Aaron Sep 2 '11 at 13:16
1 Answer 1
up vote 22 down vote accepted
Compound symmetry is essentially the "exchangeable" correlation structure, except with a specific decomposition for the total variance. For example, if you have mixed model for the subject $i$ in cluster $j$ response, $Y_{ij}$, with only a random intercept by cluster
$$ Y_{ij} = \alpha + \gamma_{j} + \varepsilon_{ij} $$
where $\gamma_{j}$ is the cluster $j$ random effect with variance $\sigma^{2}_{\gamma}$ and $\varepsilon_{ij}$ is the subject $i$ in cluster $j$ "measurement error" with variance $\sigma^{2}_{\varepsilon}$ and $\gamma_{j}, \varepsilon_{ij}$ are independent. This model implicitly specifies the compound symmetry covariance matrix between observations in the same cluster:
$$ {\rm cov}(Y_{ij}, Y_{kj}) = \sigma^{2}_{\gamma} + \sigma^{2}_{\varepsilon} \cdot \mathcal{I}(k = i) $$
Note that the compound symmetry assumption implies that the correlation between distinct members of a cluster is $\sigma^{2}_{\gamma}/(\sigma^{2}_{\gamma} + \sigma^{2}_{\varepsilon})$.
In "plain english" you might say this covariance structure implies that all distinct members of a cluster are equally correlated with each other and the total variation, $\sigma^{2} = \sigma^{2}_{\gamma} + \sigma^{2}_{\varepsilon}$, can be partitioned into the "shared" (within a cluster) component, $\sigma^{2}_{\gamma}$ and the "unshared" component, $\sigma^{2}_{\varepsilon}$.
Edit: To aid understanding in the "plain english" sense, consider an example where individuals are clustered within families so that $Y_{ij}$ denotes the subject $i$ in family $j$ response. In this case the compound symmetry assumption means that the total variation in $Y_{ij}$ can be partitioned into the variation within a family, $\sigma^{2}_{\varepsilon}$, and the variation between families, $\sigma^{2}_{\gamma}$.
share|improve this answer
(+1) Of possible interest also: An introduction to sphericity. – chl Nov 22 '12 at 10:37
I think you mean "where $\gamma_j$ is the cluster $j$ random effect"... What's the bit that goes $I(k=i)$? – Jack Tanner Nov 22 '12 at 13:07
Yes, thank you for the correction, _USER_. – Macro Dec 1 '12 at 20:32
Great answer, _USER_! – Kyle. Dec 1 '12 at 21:18
Thank you Kyle! Btw, _USER_, the $\mathcal{I}(k=i)$ bit was just a compact way of writing that, if you're talking about the same individual, then you have perfect correlation (i.e. the covariance is equal to the total variance); i.e. you have $\sigma_{\varepsilon}^2 + \sigma_{\gamma}^2$ down the diagonal and $\sigma_{\gamma}^2$ everywhere else. Does this clarify? – Macro Dec 1 '12 at 22:56
Your Answer


text:
It takes approximately two and a half 750 milliliter bottles to make a half gallon. To get the number of bottles needed to make half a gallon, the gallon has to be converted to milliliters, divided by 2 to get half of it and then divided by the number 750.
One gallon translates to 3,785.41178 milliliters. This means that 1,892.70589 milliliters make half a gallon. Dividing that value with 750 yields the number 2.523607853. Upon rounding the number to two decimals, the result is 2.52, which represents the number of 750 milliliter bottles that are needed to make half a gallon.


The Richest Man in Babylon – Book Summary
Richest Man in Babylon Cover
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This book is created from the ancient tablet found in the rich city of Babylon. This tablet consists of timeless principles on finance and considered a cure to the lean purse problem. It is said the most of the famous principles of investing and finance are derived from this tablet.
Any person who wants to learn personal finance principles in short stories should read this book. This covers topics about luck in a person's life to things to consider when lending principles. The principles mentioned in the tablet made Babylon a rich city along with the people living in it.
The Richest Man in Babylon
This chapter starts off with a story about two friends, Bansir and Kobi, discussing how they dreamt about having lots of wealth. Both friends dreamt about having lots of gold coins to make their purses fat but till today failed to do it.
They start to wonder the reason behind it but fail to realize. Kobi witnesses a rich person in a golden chariot and clothes made of fine silk wonder about his secret for his wealth. Bansir soon realized that the rich person was their school Arkad and was also the richest man in Babylon.
Bansir and Kobi then decide to take the guidance and understand the secret behind the wealth. Arkad being childhood friend agrees to share his secret with them.
Arkad mentioned that
 - Every person when receiving the salary should at least save 10% of the income before paying off the bills or making any purchases.
 - The saved money should be put at work where it starts multiplying itself and further generating more wealth.
 - Advice is one thing that everyone gives for free, but advice should be taken from individuals from expertise in their respective fields only. Eg investing tips on finance should be taken from a finance expert and not a gambler.
 - Staying away from the investment opportunity that promises exorbitant returns as those are huge risks and way to lose the money. A small return with assured safe investment is always better.
Cure for the Lean Purse
 This chapter describes to the reader the ways to increase saving. Once King of Babylon was facing the problem of poverty and the decline of trade in the kingdom. Facing this problem the King called up Arkad once again to solve this problem.
Arkad along with King decided to share the financial learning with the people in the kingdom that he had learned all along with his life. Arkad starts his story mentioning that he had started with a humble beginning.
For every money you receive, keep one-tenth of the money and eventually, it will increase money in saving which will help you feel good.
To have a clear understanding between necessary expenses with desire, if one does not have a clear budgeting system in place will eventually have empty pockets by the end of the month. So have a budget for expenses for and clear understanding of necessary expenses. Limit your expenses to 90% of your earning.
Saving 10 % of earnings is the start. The next step is investing the money so that it starts multiplying itself. This starts producing a stream of income contributing to one's wealth.
Learning to guard small amounts of money before handling large amounts of money. Not being misleading to make huge wealth rapidly.
Ensuring a future income. A person should plan certain investments or provisions that may endure safely for many years. Provide in advance for the needs of the growing age and the protection of the family.Increasing your earning ability cultivate the power by studying and becoming wiser, to become more skillful. This will increase the wealth of the individual.
Understanding Luck
This story starts with King of Babylon along with his advisors one fine evening discussing luck. King wanted to understand luck and if there was any way to attract it.
Each subject in the meeting mentioned instances where some had luck and some misfortune. Then the discussion turned to create money through gambling. Most of the time creating riches from gambling is not possible. The gambling house creates odds in such a way that the person playing has more probability of losing money compared to winning the money.
As the discussion continued the conclusion was drawn that good luck comes to those who accept the opportunity. Most of the time people are not able to take action on the opportunity and fall prey to procrastination.
While luck follows in such a way that the men take quick action on the opportunity desiring to be lucky. The spirit of procrastination follows men that they tend to delayed action and in the event, the opportunity is lost.
Once a person understands the procrastination and masters it then he is truly on the path of creating riches for himself. The ending note of this chapter is the men who take action are favored by the goddess of luck.
Babylonian Proverb
Babylonian Proverb
The Five Laws of Wealth
Here is the story where the richest man in Babylon Arkad tests the wealth management skills of his son named Nomasir. Nomasir was asked to prove his earning and management skill after which the wealth created by Arkad will be passed on to him.
While Nomasir embarked on this journey he was given some gold coin and the tablet which mentioned the five laws of wealth. Nomasir lost all the gold coins which were handed to him. The son persisted and followed the five principles of wealth and returned with bags filled with gold.
The five laws of wealth
 1. The more money is saved, the more readily it comes in increased quantities. The money which is saved earns more money, and it earns more & more.
 2. Every man who saves some money aside, opportunity comes for its most profitable use that it surprisingly multiplies itself.
 3. Money clings to the protection of the cautious owner who invests it under the advice of men wise in its handling.
 5. Money flees from the man who would force it to impossible earnings or who follows the alluring advice of tricksters and schemers or who trusts it to his own inexperience desires in investment.
Gold Lender of Babylon
This story teaches about lending. This solves the dilemma regarding lending and how to lend money or invest money in the business. The story revolves around the spear maker named Rodan in the city of Babylon. Rodan was gifted gold coins by the King for his craftsmanship.
Rodan's sister came to know about this and asked Rodan to lend that gold coin so her husband could start a business. Rodan was not sure whether this investment was the best option.
Rodan went to a moneylender named Mathon who would lend money to people to start their business. Rodan wanted to seek the counsel of the expert. Mathon seeing that Random wanted to make the best use of the money was a delight and shared his wisdom.
Rules of Lending
 - Help friends in such a way that it will not bring in the burden of friends on to yourself
 - When lending, always secure a token as security so that if the person fails to pay back the money, the lender's money is not lost.
 - The safest loans are those whose possessions are of more value than the one they desire.
 - Lending money to people always asks about their plan of repaying the money back. Check the knowledge of the person and their source of money generation.
 - Never be swayed by mentions or obligation to trust money to other people.
 - Not investing money in risky opportunities where there is a chance of losing money is always better than investing in these opportunities.
understanding Lending
Tablets from the Richest Man in Babylon
Along the chapter, the author mentions that his archaeological team found ancient clay tablets. The clay tablets mentioned words for leading a life of happiness and success.
Words from Tablets
 - A man should keep doing the deeds which makes it worthwhile for his nation & people. This in return will get respect from the nation and people.
 - Taking good care of wife and family as they add in the additional strength to man's vision
 - seeking easy wealth is the way to find disaster and to see oneself in the debts
 - If you truly seek to undo your mistake and ask for forgiveness with clear intentions most of the time you will receive forgiveness.
This book uncovered that people who desired wealth had an understanding of how money works. People of Babylon discovered the money principle which made the people and the city the richest city at its time. It is really amazing how the money principles have stayed the same for ages and are used even today with few tweaks.
One-Line Take-Away
 - Always set 10% of income and invest it in the right places.
 - Getting rich overnight schemes are all risk opportunities to lose money.
 - Learning and cultivating the right mindset is a must to make a person wealthy.
Book Recommended
This is a small book who is looking to understand how money works but is written in old English. This book has stories to make each reader understand money principles and also inspire along the way.
Score – 7/10
Roopesh Bhosle is an author at Hackedwits and writes on summary for books from Business and Finance. A Project Manager at day and content writer at night. Love to learn new things, to connect dots in life. Connect with me on LinkedIn for collaboration on project or Guest Post
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Sign the ISATEA Petition
We, the undersigned, representing both government, industry and civil society, petition the US Congress to not reauthorize the transportation efficiency act, but to authorize a new transportation efficiency act, called the Intermodal Surface and Air Transportation Efficiency Act(ISATEA). This act would integrate air and surface transportation funding, planning and implementation. For this purpose we petition that a supplemental $300 billion be authorized for the IITS (integrated intermodal transportation system) Initiative which over a period of some 15 year program would result in a US Sustainable Transportation Master Plan. The Plan would reinvigorate the US economy and substantially reduce the GHG emissions by transportation in these troubling times of the climate crisis.
Click to find your Congressperson's email address, then
Click to create an email with the above petition text in the Message area.
Add your own message if you like and then click send in the email.
US Aviation policy is predominantly a federal policy.


text:
Precautions for testing ash in muffle furnace
Note on the time of graying:
(1) The sample in the porcelain boat should be flattened, and the thickness of the sample should not be too large;
(2) When ashing, the furnace door can be opened, and the porcelain boat with the sample on the heat-resistant plate is slowly pushed into the mouth of the box-shaped high-temperature electric furnace, and the sample in the porcelain boat is slowly grayed out and smoked. After a few minutes, when the sample no longer smokes, slowly push the porcelain boat into the hot part of the high temperature furnace, and close the furnace door to burn the sample at 815±15. If there is a coal sample in the ashing process, the coal sample will be discarded and must be re-weighed.
(3) The furnace should have a chimney or venting holes to allow the coal sample to exclude combustion products and keep the air flowing during the burning process.
(4) The control system of the high temperature furnace must be accurate. The temperature rise capability of a high temperature furnace must meet the requirements for determining ash.
(5) The ashing time should ensure that the sample is completely ashed at a temperature of 815 ± 15, but it is also unfavorable to arbitrarily extend the ashing time.


text:
ABOUT THE COURSE
This one day training course in the Hampshire South Downs will teach you how to design, build and manage your own back garden indoor and outdoor composting toilet. The course will cover the rules and regulations for compost loos, and how everyone can set up a compost loo in their house, garden, allotment, Forest School site or community area. Award-winning compost loo designer and builder, Lynden Miles, will cover how to set up an indoor or outdoor compost loo taking into consideration your own specification, needs and family size. The course is mostly classroom based with time to see the compost toilets we use on site at The Sustainability Centre.
THE COURSE WILL GIVE YOU
- Understanding of regulations and health and hygiene related to compost toilets
- Design options for indoor and outdoor compost toilets
- Knowledge of practicalities with using a compost toilet
THE COURSE IS SUITABLE FOR
Anyone wishing to build their own compost loo in their back garden, school or project site.
WHAT TO BRING
ABOUT THE TUTOR
Lynden Miles works at Monkton Wyld Court in Dorset, where he has designed and constructed awarding winning compost toilets.


text:
- Ken Gettys
- Salem, OR
- United States
Semi-retired, Volunteer computer instructor at local Senior Center
This conversation is closed.
How high can we build on Earth?
The Experiential High Altitude Platform Organization (_URL_) is proposing to build Earth Tower One (ET1) which will be 20 miles high and 40 miles wide. ET1 will be a tribute to humanity, built with open source architecture, and based upon the long standing structure of pyramids and mountains!
The reasons to build ET1 are numerous:
* If built above deserts (1/5 of the Earth's surface), the base area within the open framed pyramid can be slowly transformed from desert to farm land by providing shade and by diverting moisture from upper atmosphere to the base.
* Wind turbines and solar panels can be constructed on movable platforms that rotate toward the wind or sun or away from the high winds of hurricanes and tornadoes into protective shells. This can provide power for remote areas.
* Hundreds of Weather stations, Air Quality Monitors, Weather and Aircraft Radars, Cell Towers, Ham and Public Service radio transmitters and repeaters, and Internet routers and access points can be installed within ET1.
* The high altitude platform on top of ET1 can be used to launch Solar Sails and other objects into space using Space Cannons mounted long the top of ET1.
* Telescopes built near the top of ET1 will have a clear view than surface based telescopes.
* Laser beams installed near the top of ET1 can be used to disintegrate space junk then Solar Sails can be used to sweep up the dust and bring it into the atmosphere to burn up.
* If ET1 is built off shore from major cities, it can help protect those cities from tsunamis.
* If ET1 is built in areas of tornadoes or hurricanes, ET1 can be used to create 200 mph wind streams and releasing reverse winds into the paths of tornados or hurricanes to counteract their destructive forces.
* ET1 will be the tallest pyramid on Earth and a tribute to humanity not just tombs to ancient pharaohs.
So the question is: "How high can we built on Earth" (not "Should we built tall Earth objects")?


From Age of Sigmar - Lexicanum
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Lykerna, the City of Light, is a city of Tyrion's worshippers in the Realm of Light hidden within mountains and its light concealed from the nearby plains. The city was a sanctuary throughout the Age of Chaos protected by magical maze that nobody but the native-born of this city could traverse. The people of this city believe that the blind are blessed to share the burden of Tyrion.[1]
The khornate lord Graunos, a lost son of Lykerna, led his warband into the city in order to get revenge for his blindness being considered a blessing, rather than acknowledging his plight.[1]


Use purport when you want to convince people about something that might not be true, like when you purport that the dog ate your homework.
The verb purport can mean "to claim" — whether you mean it or not — or "to intend," like when you purport to study all night. So it makes sense that as a noun, purport means the intention or purpose, like the purport of a political candidate's speech was to get your vote. If the speech was long and hard to follow, you might be lucky just to get the purport, which here means "the main point or meaning."
Definitions of purport
v have the often specious appearance of being, intending, or claiming
"The letter purports to express people's opinion"
Type of:
assert or affirm strongly; state to be true or existing
v propose or intend
aim, propose, purpose
Type of:
intend, mean, think
have in mind as a purpose
n the intended meaning of a communication
intent, spirit
Type of:
import, meaning, significance, signification
the message that is intended or expressed or signified
n the pervading meaning or tenor
Type of:
strain, tenor
the general meaning or substance of an utterance
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HomeAsk The UnknownHealth TipsLifeStyleHow Long After Caesar The Baby Can Be Taken
4 months ago (11/03/22) 87 Views
How Long After Caesar The Baby Can Be Taken
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How long after Caesar the baby can be taken
Cesarean section is used only when normal delivery is not possible due to some special reasons. There is a lot of pressure on the mother's body during Caesar. Many people say that I have a 6-month-old baby. Can I have a baby again? Today we have come up with the answers to these questions. Let us know the matter in a little detail.
How Long After Caesar The Baby Can Be Taken
How long after Caesar intercourse can be?
After Caesar, the question kept popping up in everyone's mind, when will I be able to go back to my sex life. You can have sex after 6 weeks if you do not have a caesarean section, but if there are complications you may have to wait 3 months. And special instructions are given in the first 2/1 weeks in any way not to have sex because it is more likely to cause serious harm.
What sex positions should be avoided after Caesar?
After Caesar, your body is not the same as before. The slightest forgetfulness can drag on with your life. It will take you a few years to get back to normal, so how long after Caesar can you have a baby? Before answering this question, you need to know what sex positions should be avoided after Caesar?
See also HOW CAN STUDENTS OVERCOME POOR CONCENTRATION?
You should avoid the missionary position because no position can be chosen that puts pressure on your stomach. You can try using the woman-on-top position or choose a favorite position from one side back or back.
How Long After Caesar The Baby Can Be Taken?
Cesarean section of the mother's body faces a lot of critical time due to which a lot of thought has to be given before having a baby again. It is recommended not to have a baby before 2 years of normal Caesarean section. Because it will take 2 years for your body to regenerate from its previous cesarean critical position. If you think about having a baby before, you are risking your life.
What foods should be eaten after Caesar?
1. Low fat foods:
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Low fat diets are best for Caesar patients. Low fat milk and yogurt foods contain protein, calcium and vitamin B which are essential for fast recovery of the patient.
2. Pulses:
Pulses complete with protein, fiber, vitamins and minerals are essential for a caesarean section.
3. Vitamin C:
Vitamin C is essential for cesarean section because it helps dry out food.
4. Eggs:
Eggs must be included in the caesarean diet chart as it will provide protein to your body.
5. Yellow:
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See also How does a computer work
Hulud contains a lot of vitamins and minerals which help the body to heal wounds.
How long after Caesar the baby can be taken on this question. And remember, you should never plan to have a baby before the age of 2 because of poor health. Thanks.
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|Rediff India Abroad Home | All the sections|
What is 3G spectrum? How does it help you?
rediff Business Desk | September 29, 2006
It's boom time for mobile phones in India. And people are looking forward to more information, faster data access and multimedia services through their mobile phones. 3G technology is here to turn this dream into reality. It's a technology anxiously awaited by telecom operations and subscribers in India.
How long do you have to wait?
Not very long! India is all set to launch 3G mobile telephone services by June 2007.
According to Telecom Regulatory Authority of India chairman Nripendra Misra, a total of 32.5 MHz is available for allocation within the next 6-9 months.
Trai has also recommended auctioning 200 MHz for broadband wireless access services like Wimax (worldwide interoperability for microwave access) and has proposed a national frequency management board to oversee spectrum availability and its efficient use.
He hopes that the allocated spectrum would be enough for the next two years and said Trai would recommend freeing up more spectrum for those who lose out in this auction.
So what is 3G spectrum all about? Read on.
What is spectrum?
Radio spectrum refers to a range of radio frequencies. The bandwidth of a radio signal is the difference between the upper and lower frequencies of the signal.
For example, in the case of a voice signal having a minimum frequency of 200 hertz (Hz) and a maximum frequency of 3,000 Hz, the bandwidth is 2,800 Hz (3 KHz). The amount of bandwidth needed for 3G services could be as much as 15-20 Mhz, whereas for 2G services a bandwidth of 30-200 KHz is used. Hence, for 3G huge bandwidth is required.
How is 3G different from 2G and 4G?
While 2G stands for second-generation wireless telephone technology, 1G networks used are analog, 2G networks are digital and 3G (third-generation) technology is used to enhance mobile phone standards.
3G helps to simultaneously transfer both voice data (a telephone call) and non-voice data (such as downloading information, exchanging e-mail, and instant messaging. The highlight of 3G is video telephony. 4G technology stands to be the future standard of wireless devices.
Currently, Japanese company NTT DoCoMo and Samsung are testing 4G communication.
How will 3G services help you?
3G services will enable video broadcast and data-intensive services such as stock transactions, e-learning and telemedicine through wireless communications
All telecom operators are waiting to launch 3G in India to cash in on revenues by providing high-end services to customers, which are voice data and video enabled. India lags behind many Asian countries in introducing 3G services.
What is Trai's recommendation on 3G pricing?
The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India has recommended auctioning radio frequencies for 3G telecom services at a reserve price of Rs 1,050 crore (Rs 10.50 billion) to companies seeking to offer nationwide high-speed Internet and streaming video.
The base price for spectrum in cities like Mumbai and Delhi and Category A telecom circles is Rs 80 crore (Rs 800 million); in cities like Chennai and Kolkata and Category B circles Rs 40 crore (Rs 400 million); and in all other cities Rs 15 crore (Rs 150 million).
What are the frequency bands and quota for CDMA?
Trai has recommended three sets of frequency bands - 450 mhz, 800 mhz and 2.1 ghz. For CDMA players like Reliance and Tata Teleservices 1.25 MHz each is offered. CDMA operators are free to bid both in the 2.1 GHz and the 450 MHz bands, but they will be allocated spectrum only in one. The pricing of these two bands is linked to the auction in the 2.1 GHz band.
CDMA operators will pay the same as the second-highest GSM bidder. And if there is more than one claimant in the 450 MHz band, the reserve price will be half of that arrived at in the 2.1 GHz band. Another rider is that if the highest bid is a quarter more than the lowest, the lowest bidder has to raise its bid to 75 per cent of the winning bid.
But CDMA operators are likely to face problems. Operating 3G services on 450 MHz is a problem because we they do not have dual-band phones that work both in 450 MHz and in 800 MHz (the band in which CDMA operates in India).
What are the issues regarding 3G for providers and users?
3G has successfully been introduced in Europe. But several issues continue to hamper its growth.
High spectrum licensing fees for the 3G services
Huge capital required to build infrastructure for 3G services.
Health impact of electromagnetic waves.
Prices are very high for 3G mobile services.
Will 2G users switch to 3G services.
Takes time to catch up as the service is new.
What are the issues regarding 3G pricing?
Pricing has been a cause of concern. Spectrum auctions ran into billions of euros in Europe. In Europe, spectrum licensing fees were collected years before the 3G service was developed and it required huge investments to build 3G networks, hitting mobile operators' margins.
However, in Japan and South Korea, spectrum licensing fees were not applicable as the focus of these countries were national IT infrastructure development.
Which companies have applied for 3G license?
3G spectrum has been provided to GSM players like BSNL, MTNL, Bharti, and Hutch to carry out an interface check on a non-commercial basis ahead of the start of 3G mobile services.
Trial spectrum has been given for a period of one month. This will be only 1/1000th of the actual 3G spectrum capability. Apart frm PSU majors, spectrum for carrying out 3G trials has been given to all those who have applied under the National Frequency Allocation Plan on the 2.1 GHz band. GSM players operate on 900 MHz and 1,800 MHz, while CDMA players operate on 800 MHz.
What is the pricing issue in India?
While Tatas have welcomed Trai's Rs 1,400-crore (Rs 14 billion) base price for a nationwide rollout of 3G services, the rest of the players find the price too exorbitant.
Bharti-Airtel is disappointed with the pricing as they were expecting it to be Rs 300-400 crore (Rs 3-4 billion). The reserve price is a disincentive for telecom companies in India. Bharti has appealed to lower the prices specially for rural penetration.
The Cellular Operators Association of India and the Association of Unified Service Providers of India are studying TRAI's recommendations and have not given their comments.
However, Trai chairman Nripendra Misra has said that there is no reason to worry as players will not bid exorbitantly and derail the auction. Misra said telecom operators had matured from their experiences and global developments, and would bid sincerely.
Where was 3G spectrum first introduced?
Japan was the first country to introduce 3G on a large commercial scale. In 2005, about 40 per cent of subscribers used only 3G networks. It is expected that during 2006 the subscribers would move from 2G to 3G and upgrade to the next 3.5 G level.
The success of 3G in Japan also shows that video telephony was the killer application for 3G networks. Downloading music was the biggest draw in 3G services.
In how many countries does 3G exist?
There are about 60 3G networks across 25 countries. In Asia, Europe and the USA, telecom firms use WCDMA technology. The WCDMA standard provides seamless global evolution from today's GSM with support of the worlds' largest mobile operators.
WCDMA technology is built on open standards, wide ranging mobile multimedia possibility, and vast potential economies of scale with the support of around 100 terminal designs to operate 3G mobile networks.
3G services were introduced in Europe in 2003.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Using C, how can I access the same block of memory as another C program?
So, I'm on hour one of learning C. Maybe I'll jump over to C++ tonight.
I'd like to create two command line programs using C that can "talk" to each other. The first thought that came to mind is to transfer information between the two by writing to and polling files. However, I figure C provides all the methods I need to directly allocate memory and access it, and that would be much faster and more sensible technique.
Can someone provide an example or advice?
Answers
What you are asking for is called shared memory. Unfortunately, shared memory is not part of the C language per se, but a feature of the operating system. Since you didn't specify what operating system you are using, I point you to a Unix SysV shared memory tutorial.
Need Your Help
Java JDBC Log in Form
java database swing jdbc login
I can't seem to get the password and user name on my Java JTextfield and Passwordfield, what I was trying to do is compare user input and check them if the username and password is stored in the
Count and group non-empty values in MySQL
mysql count group
I need to count the non-empty (by which I mean a string containing at least 1 character) rows grouped by a particular ID. Eg. my data might look like this:


C Code for De Broglie Equation
This c programming code is used to find the de broglie equation. You can select the whole c code by clicking the select option and can use it. When you click text, the code will be changed to text format. This c program code will be opened in a new pop up window once you click pop-up from the right corner. You can just copy, paste this c code and use it to find the de broglie equation.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
 float a,b=2,c=5,d=4;
 a=b/(c*d);
 printf("Wave length = %f",a);
 return(0);
}
Other Programming Codes
Online Calculator : De Broglie Equation
Click on the select code link to copy and paste this free c program code for de broglie equation.
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text:
George Craig Laurence (_PHONE_) was a Canadian nuclear physicist.
Laurence was born in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island and attended Dalhouise University in Nova Scotia, where he studied physics. Laurence later moved to England and studied physics at Cambridge University's Cavendish Laboratory under Ernest Rutherford.
In 1930, Laurence was appointed as Radium and X-ray physicist to the Canadian National Research Council. There, he helped develop medical and industrial radiology. When news that the uranium atom had been split by Fritz Strassemann and Otto Hahn reached the United States in 1939, Laurence attempted to build a graphite-uranium nuclear reactor in Ottawa by himself.
In 1942, Laurence joined the Anglo-French nuclear research team at the Montreal Laboratory, where he was responsible for recruiting Canadian scientists to work on the project. The team eventually moved to a new laboratory in Chalk River, Ontario and built the Zero Energy Experimental Pile (ZEEP), the first nuclear reactor built outside of the United States.
After the war, Laurence joined the Canadian delegation to the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission and advised on the international control of atomic energy between 1946 and 1947. He then returned to Montreal Laboratory and continued his research on nuclear reactor technology from 1950 until 1961.


text:
Following is my piece of code in which I am assigning my screen width to variable
$width. But when I convert it to integer and echo it,
0 is returned.
$width = ' document.write(window.screen.width); '; //if i echo $width it shows 1366 which is width of my screen $height = ' document.write(window.screen.height); '; echo "The height is = $height"."The width is = ".$width; $a = (int)($width); echo $a;
I am asking for guidenance to make this conversion perfect.


text:
Sovereign Warm-Touch© Insulation is used to combat black mould growth caused by condensation on cold walls. It does this by increasing the temperature of a wall so that it is above dew point so that condensation cannot form.
Sovereign Warm-Touch Adhesive is used to bond our revolutionary wall insulation to internal walls of masonry, plaster, brick and concrete etc. It is also used to bond the Warm-Touch Skirting Channel and Warm-Touch Corner Tape.
Sovereign Warm-Touch Sealant is an integral part of the system and provides continuity of the fire resistance and sound/heat insulation.
Warm Touch Corner Tape is used to cover corners where warm touch has been cut to the edges when installed on a wall.


text:
Date of this Version
Advances in Water Resources 23 (2000) 483-492
The generalized integral transform technique (GITT) is applied to solve the one-dimensional advection-dispersion equation (ADE) in heterogeneous porous media coupled with either linear or nonlinear sorption and decay. When both sorption and decay are linear, analytical solutions are obtained using the GITT for one-dimensional ADEs with spatially and temporally variable flow and dispersion coefficient and arbitrary initial and boundary conditions. When either sorption or decay is nonlinear the solutions to ADEs with the GITT are hybrid analytical-numerical. In both linear and nonlinear cases, the forward and inverse integral transforms for the problems described in the paper are apparent and straightforward. Some illustrative examples with linear sorption and decay are presented to demonstrate the application and check the accuracy of the derived analytical solutions. The derived hybrid analytical-numerical solutions are checked against a numerical approach and demonstratively applied to a nonlinear transport example, which simulates a simplified system of iron oxide bioreduction with nonlinear sorption and nonlinear reaction kinetics.


text:
Asymmetric Introspection and Extrospection
Posted by The Situationist Staff on November 5, 2009
Situationist Contributor Emily Pronin recently wrote a very helpful primer on her work on the difference between "How We See Ourselves and How We See Others," which she published in Science. Here's the abstract.
* * *
People see themselves differently from how they see others. They are immersed in their own sensations, emotions, and cognitions at the same time that their experience of others is dominated by what can be observed externally. This basic asymmetry has broad consequences. It leads people to judge themselves and their own behavior differently from how they judge others and those others behavior. Often, those differences produce disagreement and conflict. Understanding the psychological basis of those differences may help mitigate some of their negative effects.
* * *
In case you're not already familiar with Pronin's work, we recommend it highly. You can download the above article (as well as a many of her other publications) on her website (here).
This entry was posted on November 5, 2009 at 12:07 am and is filed under Abstracts, Conflict, Illusions, Life, Naive Cynicism, Situationist Contributors, Social Psychology. Tagged: Emily Pronin. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


Debugging Server Starts
If a server isn't starting, the first thing to run is the server log command. It will show you the console log for that server. Note, this dumps the entire log file to the console, which may be very large. We recommend using the tail or --follow tricks below.
server log
server log serverName
Tailing and Following logs
If the log is very large, use the tail command to just see the last few lines of it.
server log | tail
server log | tail lines=100
To get a live stream of the console log from a running server, use the --follow flag and the command will continue streaming new lines to the console until you press Ctrl-C to stop.
server log --follow
You can also look at your server's access log (if enabled) and rewrite log (if enabled).
server log --follow -access
server log --follow --rewrite
Start server in console mode
You can use the --console flag to the server start command to start a server in the foreground. The console log will be live-streamed to the CLI and the log will continue streaming as long as the server is running. Press Ctrl-C to stop the server and stop streaming the log file.
server start --console
Debug Logging
You can get additional information about a server start with the --debug flag. When debug is set, the start command will not exit immediately, but wait for the server to come up and live stream the debugging information and server logs to the console while the server is coming up.
server start --debug
server start --debug --console
Maximum logging! (trace)
You may still really be having issues getting your server to start up correctly due to a setting not getting picked up, rewrites not working, or maybe a jar not loading. You can "drink from the firehose" so to speak by turning on trace level logging. This works best when starting the server via the console so you can watch the logging as it streams past.
server start --trace --console


text:
MMN 'Digital Manufacturing' Event
The next Manufacturing Measurement Network (MMN) event entitled 'Digital Manufacturing' will take place at the usual venue in the 3M Buckley Innovation Centre, Firth Street, Huddersfield on 17th October 2017 .
The next MMN event will attempt to clarify what is actually meant by 'Digital Manufacturing' and how it can be adopted and the benefits embraced by manufacturers.
We will focus on SMEs as it is smaller businesses who often find the challenges of introducing new technologies more challenging due to time and cost constraints, we will attempt to challenge pre-conceived ideas, to bring clarity and understanding to how you can take the first steps in becoming more digitally enabled.
There are many reasons why manufacturers should consider adopting new digital technologies as soon as possible including:
- Reduce the cost of unplanned maintenance shut downs to boost productivity,
- Potential pressure from higher tiers in the supply chain to share data, possibly even live views of suppliers manufacturing processes,
- Opportunities for adoption of digital technologies to better understand, manage and control manufacturing processes, thereby reducing the cost of quality or energy use,
- Helping to create more flexible manufacturing systems which are more agile and able to react quickly to customers emerging needs.
Adopting digital technologies does not necessarily mean designing new manufacturing processes from scratch, much can be done to instrument current systems in order to be able to capture useful data. It is the intelligent use of this data that can make a difference to how a business operates.
Register for our Digital Manufacturing event to find out more, to network with like-minded businesses and to stay in touch with new technologies and new ideas. Learn how to use data to create business benefits.
Registration website: HERE
You can also e-mail : _EMAIL_


text:
Milton Bryan Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, Bedfordshire
'The Chapel on the Pond'
Unique in Bedfordshire, the Wesleyan Methodist Chapel in Milton Bryan was known as 'the Chapel on the pond'. The authors of 'The Dunstable Methodist Circuit one hundred and fifty years of witness' describe how this was 'where the ducks slid under the building and quacked their way through the prayers, the lessons and the address and accompanied the hymns'. But they also paint a vivid picture of chapel life that was not just about meeting in a wooden building on a duck pond, but, 'a place of holiness'.
A house in the occupation of William Ward was registered for worship by Thomas Flower of Dunstable on 4/5 March 1846. Flower was Second minister in the Dunstable Wesleyan Methodist Circuit.
Opposition led to the chapel being built on 'manorial waste' by the village pond in 1861, permission being given by Lady Inglis, Lady of the Manor at a rent of 2s 6d per year. The Returns of accommodation In Wesleyan Methodist Chapels recorded that in 1873, Milton chapel had 75 sittings.
The Chapel's membership was not large and at the time of its 1961 centenary had reduced to four. The Chapel on the Pond was closed in and pulled down in the winter of 1980-81.
Sources and References:
Bedfordshire Chapels and Meeting Houses: Official Registration _PHONE_ Volume 75 Bedfordshire Historical Record Society – Edited by Edwin Welch
Returns of accommodation In Wesleyan Methodist Chapels 1873
The Chapel Built over the Pond by Alan Cirket, Bedfordshire Magazine Vol18 No138
The Dunstable Methodist Circuit One hundred and fifty years of witness _PHONE_ – Colin Bourne


text:
Skip to Main Content
The impact of a 60 MeV proton irradiation on the static characteristics of 0.13 μm CMOS transistors is investigated, as a function of the device length and width. It is shown that the degradation of the threshold voltage and of the transconductance exhibits a marked length dependence, with more pronounced changes for shorter devices. From the independence on the device width and the 2 nm gate dielectric (nitrided or reoxidized nitrided oxide), it is concluded that the basic damage mechanism is not related to the isolation or gate dielectric. The origin of the observed changes will be discussed in view of the two-dimensional doping profile, produced by lowly doped drain and pocket or halo implantations used to control the short-channel effects.