and another curseth: whose voice will God hear?
34:30. He that washeth himself after touching the dead, if he toucheth him again, what doth his washing avail?
34:31. So a man that fasteth for his sins, and doth the same again, what doth his humbling himself profit him? who will hear his prayer?
Ecclesiasticus Chapter 35 What sacrifices are pleasing to God.
35:1. He that keepeth the law, multiplieth offerings.
35:2. It is a wholesome sacrifice to take heed to the commandments, and to depart from all iniquity.
35:3. And to depart from injustice, is to offer a propitiatory sacrifice for injustices, and a begging of pardon for sins.
35:4. He shall return thanks, that offereth fine flour: and he that doth mercy, offereth sacrifice.
35:5. To depart from iniquity is that which pleaseth the Lord, and to depart from injustice, is an entreaty for sins.
35:6. Thou shalt not appear empty in the sight of the Lord.
35:7. For all these things are to be done because of the commandment of God.
35:8. The oblation of the just maketh the altar fat, and is an odour of sweetness in the sight of the most High.
35:9. The sacrifice of the just is acceptable, and the Lord will not forget the memorial thereof.
35:10. Give glory to God with a good heart: and diminish not the firstfruits of thy hands.
35:11. In every gift shew a cheerful countenance, and sanctify thy tithes with joy.
35:12. Give to the most High according to what he hath given to thee, and with a good eye do according to the ability of thy hands: 35:13. For the Lord maketh recompense, and will give thee seven times as much.
35:14. Do not offer wicked gifts, for such he will not receive.
35:15. And look not upon an unjust sacrifice, for the Lord is judge, and there is not with him respect of person.
35:16. The Lord will not accept any person against a poor man, and he will hear the prayer of him that is wronged.
35:17. He will not despise the prayers of the fatherless: nor the widow, when she poureth out her complaint.
35:18. Do not the widow's tears run down the cheek, and her cry against him that causeth them to fall?
35:19. For from the cheek they go up even to heaven, and the Lord that heareth will not be delighted with them.
35:20. He that adoreth God with joy, shall be accepted, and his prayer shall approach even to the clouds.
35:21. The prayer of him that humbleth himself, shall pierce the clouds: and till it come nigh he will not be comforted: and he will not depart till the most High behold.
35:22. And the Lord will not be slack, but will judge for the just, and will do judgment: and the Almighty will not have patience with them, that he may crush their back: 35:23. And he will repay vengeance to the Gentiles, till he have taken away the multitude of the proud, and broken the sceptres of the unjust, 35:24. Till he have rendered to men according to their deeds: and according to the works of Adam, and according to his presumption, 35:25. Till he have judged the cause of his people, and he shall delight the just with his mercy.
35:26. The mercy of God is beautiful in the time of affliction, as a cloud of rain in the time of drought.
Ecclesiasticus Chapter 36 A prayer for the church of God. Of a good heart, and a good wife.
36:1. Have mercy upon us, O God of all, and behold us, and shew us the light of thy mercies: 36:2. And send thy fear upon the nations, that have not sought after thee: that they may know that there is no God beside thee, and that they may shew forth thy wonders.
36:3. Lift up thy hand over the strange nations, that they may see thy power.
36:4. For as thou hast been sanctified in us in their sight, so thou shalt be magnified among them in our presence, 36:5. That they may know thee, as we also have known thee, that there is no God beside thee, O Lord.
36:6. Renew thy signs, and work new miracles.
36:7. Glorify thy hand, and thy right arm.
36:8. Raise up indignation, and pour out wrath.
36:9. Take away the adversary, and crush the enemy.
36:10. Hasten the time, and remember the end, that they may declare thy wonderful works.
36:11. Let him that escapeth be consumed by the rage of the fire: and let them perish that oppress thy people.
36:12. Crush the head of the princes of the enemies that say: There is no other beside us.
36:13. Gather together all the tribes of Jacob: that they may know that there no God besides thee, and may declare thy great works: and thou shalt inherit them as from the beginning.
36:14. Have mercy on thy people, upon whom thy name is invoked: and upon Israel, whom thou hast raised up to be thy firstborn.
36:15. Have mercy on Jerusalem, the city which thou hast sanctified, the city of thy rest.
36:16. Fill Sion with thy unspeakable words, and thy people with thy glory.
36:17. Give testimony to them that are thy creatures from the beginning, and raise up the prophecies which the former prophets spoke in thy name.
36:18. Reward them that patiently wait for thee, that thy prophets may be found faithful: and hear the prayers of thy servants, 36:19. According to the blessing of Aaron over thy people, and direct us into the way of justice, and let all know that dwell upon the earth, that thou art God the beholder of all ages.
36:20. The belly will devour all meat, yet one is better than another.
36:21. The palate tasteth venison and the wise heart false speeches.
36:22. A perverse heart will cause grief, and a man of experience will resist it.
36:23. A woman will receive every man: yet one daughter is better than another.
A woman will receive every man.... That is, any man that her parents propose to her to marry, though she does not like him, but marries in obedience to her parents, who make the choice for her.
36:24. The beauty of a woman cheereth the countenance of her husband, and a man desireth nothing more.
36:25. If she have a tongue that can cure, and likewise mitigate and shew mercy: her husband is not like other men.
36:26. He that possesseth a good wife, beginneth a possession: she is a help like to himself, and a pillar of rest.
36:27. Where there is no hedge, the possession shall be spoiled: and where there is no wife, he mourneth that is in want.
36:28. Who will trust him that hath no rest, and that lodgeth wheresoever the night taketh him, as a robber well appointed, that skippeth from city to city.
Ecclesiasticus Chapter 37 Of the choice of friends and counsellors.
37:1. Every friend will say: I also am his friend: but there is a friend, that is only a friend in name. Is not this a grief even to death?
37:2. But a companion and a friend shall be turned to an enemy.
37:3. O wicked presumption, whence camest thou to cover the earth with thy malice, and deceitfulness?
37:4. There is a companion who rejoiceth with his friend in his joys, but in the time of trouble, he will be against him.
37:5. There is a companion who condoleth with his friend for his belly's sake, and he will take up a shield against the enemy.
37:6. Forget not thy friend in thy mind, and be not unmindful of him in thy riches.
37:7. Consult not with him that layeth a snare for thee, and


Con*spir"a*cy (?), n.; pl. Conspiracies (#). [See Conspiration.] 1. A combination of men for an evil purpose; an agreement, between two or more persons, to commit a crime in concert, as treason; a plot.

 When shapen was all his conspiracy From point to point.
Chaucer.
 They made a conspiracy against [Amaziah]. 2 Kings xiv.
 19.
 I had forgot that foul conspiracy Of the beast Caliban and his confederates. Shak.
2. A concurence or general tendency, as of circumstances, to one event, as if by agreement.

 A conspiracy in all heavenly and earthly things. Sir P. Sidney.
3. (Law) An agreement, manifesting itself in words or deeds, by which two or more persons confederate to do an unlawful act, or to use unlawful to do an act which is lawful; confederacy.

Syn. -- Combination; plot; cabal.

 Con*spir"ant (?), a. [L. conspirans, p. pr. of conspirare: cf. F. conspirant.] Engaging in a plot to commit a crime; conspiring. [Obs.] Shak.
 Con'spi*ra"tion (?), n. [F. conspiration, L. conspiratio.]
 Agreement or concurrence for some end or purpose; conspiracy. [R.]

 As soon as it was day, certain Jews made a conspiration. Udall.
 In our natural body every part has a nacassary sympathy with every other, and all together form, by their harmonious onspiration, a healthy whole. Sir W. Hamilton.
 Con*spir"a*tor (?), n. One who engages in a conspiracy; a plotter.
 2 Sam. xv. 31.
 Con*spire" (kn*spr"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Conspired (- sprd"); p. pr. & vb. n. Conspiring.] [F. conspirer, L. conspirare to blow together, harmonize, agree, plot; con- + spirare to breathe, blow. See Spirit.] 1. To make an agreement, esp. a secret agreement, to do some act, as to commit treason or a crime, or to do some unlawful deed; to plot together.

 They conspired against [Joseph] to slay him. Gen. xxxvii.
 18.
 You have conspired against our royal person, Joined with an enemy proclaimed. Shak.
2. To concur to one end; to agree.

 The press, the pulpit, and the stage Conspire to censure and expose our age. Roscommon.
Syn. -- To unite; concur; complot; confederate; league.

 Con*spire", v. t. To plot; to plan; to combine for.

 Angry clouds conspire your overthrow. Bp. Hall.
 Con*spir"er (?), n. One who conspires; a conspirator.

 Con*spir"ing*ly, adv. In the manner of a conspirator; by conspiracy. Milton.
 Con'spis*sa"tion (?), n. [L. conspissatio, fr. conspissare to make thick.] A making thick or viscous; thickness; inspissation. [R.]
 Dr. H. More.
 Con*spur"cate (?), v. t. [L. conspurcatus, p. p. of conspurcare.]
 To pollute; to defile. [Obs.] Cockeram.
 Con'spur*ca"tion (?), n. [L. conspurcare, -spuratum, to defile.] The act of defiling; defilement; pollution. Bp. Hall.
 Con"sta*ble (kn"st*b'l), n. [OE. conestable, constable, a constable (in sense 1), OF. conestable, F. connétable, LL. conestabulus, constabularius, comes stabuli, orig., count of the stable, master of the horse, equerry; comes count (L. companion) + L. stabulum stable. See Count a nobleman, and Stable.] 1. A high officer in the monarchical establishments of the Middle Ages.

 The constable of France was the first officer of the crown, and had the chief command of the army. It was also his duty to regulate all matters of chivalry. The office was suppressed in 1627. The constable, or lord high constable, of England, was one of the highest officers of the crown, commander in chief of the forces, and keeper of the peace of the nation. He also had judicial cognizance of many important matters. The office was as early as the Conquest, but has been disused (except on great and solemn occasions), since the attainder of Stafford, duke of Buckingham, in the reign of Henry VIII.

2. (Law) An officer of the peace having power as a conservator of the public peace, and bound to execute the warrants of judicial officers. Bouvier.
 In England, at the present time, the constable is a conservator of the peace within his district, and is also charged by various statutes with other duties, such as serving summons, precepts, warrants, etc. In the United States, constables are town or city officers of the peace, with powers similar to those of the constables of England. In addition to their duties as conservators of the peace, they are invested with others by statute, such as to execute civil as well as criminal process in certain cases, to attend courts, keep juries, etc. In some cities, there are officers called high constables, who act as chiefs of the constabulary or police force. In other cities the title of constable, as well as the office, is merged in that of the police officer.

High constable, a constable having certain duties and powers within a hundred. [Eng.] -- Petty constable, a conservator of the peace within a parish or tithing; a tithingman. [Eng.] -- Special constable, a person appointed to act as constable of special occasions. -- To overrun, or outrun, the constable, to spend more than one's income; to get into debt. [Colloq.] Smollett.
 Con"sta*bler*y (? or &?; ), n. [OF. conestablerie. Cf.
 Constabulary.] 1. The constabulary. [Obs.]

2. The district or jurisdiction of a constable. [Obs.]

 Con"sta*bleship (?), n. The office or functions of a constable.

 Con"sta*bless, n. The wife of a constable. [Obs.]

 Con"sta*ble*wick' (?), n. [Constable + wick a village] The district to which a constable's power is limited. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.
 Con*stab"u*la*ry (?), a. [LL. constabularius an equerry. See Constable.] Of or pertaining to constables; consisting of constables.

 Con*stab"u*la*ry, n. The collective body of constables in any town, district, or country.

 Con*stab"u*la*to*ry (?), n. A constabulary. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.
 Con"stan*cy (?), n. [L. constantia: cf. F. constance.
 See Constant.] 1. The state or quality of being constant or steadfast; freedom from change; stability; fixedness; immutability; as, the constancy of God in his nature and attributes.

2. Fixedness or firmness of mind; persevering resolution; especially, firmness of mind under sufferings, steadiness in attachments, or perseverance in enterprise; stability; fidelity.

 A fellow of plain uncoined constancy. Shak.
Constancy and contempt of danger. Prescott.
Syn. -- Fixedness; stability; firmness; steadiness; permanence;


THERE IS AN ILLUSTRATED EDITION OF THIS TITLE WHICH MAY VIEWED AT EBOOK [# 47564 ] TWILIGHT LAND By Howard Pyle CONTENTS Introduction The Stool of Fortune The Talisman of Solomon Ill-Luck and the Fiddler Empty Bottles Good Gifts and a Fool's Folly.
 The Good of a Few Words Woman's Wit.
 A Piece of Good Luck The Fruit of Happiness Not a Pin to Choose.
 Much shall have more and little shall have less.
 Wisdom's Wages and Folly's Pay The Enchanted Island.
 All Things are as Fate wills.
 Where to Lay the Blame.
 The Salt of Life.

 Introduction I found myself in Twilight Land. How I ever got there I cannot tell, but there I was in Twilight Land.

 What is Twilight Land? It is a wonderful, wonderful place where no sun shines to scorch your back as you jog along the way, where no rain falls to make the road muddy and hard to travel, where no wind blows the dust into your eyes or the chill into your marrow. Where all is sweet and quiet and ready to go to bed.

 Where is Twilight Land? Ah! that I cannot tell you. You will either have to ask your mother or find it for yourself.

 There I was in Twilight Land. The birds were singing their good-night song, and the little frogs were piping "peet, peet." The sky overhead was full of still brightness, and the moon in the east hung in the purple gray like a great bubble as yellow as gold. All the air was full of the smell of growing things. The high-road was gray, and the trees were dark.

 I drifted along the road as a soap-bubble floats before the wind, or as a body floats in a dream. I floated along and I floated along past the trees, past the bushes, past the mill-pond, past the mill where the old miller stood at the door looking at me.

 I floated on, and there was the Inn, and it was the Sign of Mother Goose.

 The sign hung on a pole, and on it was painted a picture of Mother Goose with her gray gander.

 It was to the Inn I wished to come.

 I floated on, and I would have floated past the Inn, and perhaps have gotten into the Land of Never-Come-Back-Again, only I caught at the branch of an apple-tree, and so I stopped myself, though the apple-blossoms came falling down like pink and white snowflakes.

 The earth and the air and the sky were all still, just as it is at twilight, and I heard them laughing and talking in the tap-room of the Inn of the Sign of Mother Goose—the clinking of glasses, and the rattling and clatter of knives and forks and plates and dishes. That was where I wished to go.

 So in I went. Mother Goose herself opened the door, and there I was.

 The room was all full of twilight; but there they sat, every one of them.
 I did not count them, but there were ever so many: Aladdin, and Ali Baba, and Fortunatis, and Jack-the-Giant-Killer, and Doctor Faustus, and Bidpai, and Cinderella, and Patient Grizzle, and the Soldier who cheated the Devil, and St. George, and Hans in Luck, who traded and traded his lump of gold until he had only an empty churn to show for it; and there was Sindbad the Sailor, and the Tailor who killed seven flies at a blow, and the Fisherman who fished up the Genie, and the Lad who fiddled for the Jew in the bramble-bush, and the Blacksmith who made Death sit in his apple-tree, and Boots, who always marries the Princess, whether he wants to or not—a rag-tag lot as ever you saw in your life, gathered from every place, and brought together in Twilight Land.

 Each one of them was telling a story, and now it was the turn of the Soldier who cheated the Devil.

 "I will tell you," said the Soldier who cheated the Devil, "a story of a friend of mine." "Take a fresh pipe of tobacco," said St. George.

 "Thank you, I will," said the Soldier who cheated the Devil.

 He filled his long pipe full of tobacco, and then he tilted it upside down and sucked in the light of the candle.

 Puff! puff! puff! and a cloud of smoke went up about his head, so that you could just see his red nose shining through it, and his bright eyes twinkling in the midst of the smoke-wreath, like two stars through a thin cloud on a summer night.

 "I'll tell you," said the Soldier who cheated the Devil, "the story of a friend of mine. Tis every word of it just as true as that I myself cheated the Devil." He took a drink from his mug of beer, and then he began.

 "Tis called," said he— The Stool of Fortune Once upon a time there came a soldier marching along the road, kicking up a little cloud of dust at each step—as strapping and merry and bright-eyed a fellow as you would wish to see in a summer day. Tramp!
 tramp! tramp! he marched, whistling as he jogged along, though he carried a heavy musket over his shoulder and though the sun shone hot and strong and there was never a tree in sight to give him a bit of shelter.

 At last he came in sight of the King's Town and to a great field of stocks and stones, and there sat a little old man as withered and brown as a dead leaf, and clad all in scarlet from head to foot.

 "Ho! soldier," said he, "are you a good shot?" "Aye," said the soldier, "that is my trade." "Would you like to earn a dollar by shooting off your musket for me?" "Aye," said the soldier, "that is my trade also." "Very well, then," said the little man in red, "here is a silver button to drop into your gun instead of a bullet. Wait you here, and about sunset there will come a great black bird flying. In one claw it carries a feather cap and in the other a round stone. Shoot me the silver button at that bird, and if your aim is good it will drop the feather cap and the pebble. Bring them to me to the great town-gate and I will pay you a dollar for your trouble." "Very well," said the soldier, "shooting my gun is a job that fits me like an old coat." So, down he sat and the old man went his way.

 Well, there he sat and sat and sat and sat until the sun touched the rim of the ground, and then, just as the old man said, there came flying a great black bird as silent as night. The soldier did not tarry to look or to think. As the bird flew by up came the gun to his shoulder, squint went his eye along the barrel—Puff! bang—!

 I vow and declare that if the shot he fired had cracked the sky he could not have been more frightened. The great black bird gave a yell so terrible that it curdled the very blood in his veins and made his hair stand upon end. Away it flew like a flash—a bird no longer, but a great, black demon, smoking and smelling most horribly of brimstone, and when the soldier gathered his wits, there lay the feather cap and a little, round, black stone upon the ground


time, like a waltz, the other in two-four time, like a polka. The former is most in use.

 Red"pole' (r?d"p?l'), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Redpoll.

 Red"poll' (-p?l'), n. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of small northern finches of the genus Acanthis (formerly Ægiothus), native of Europe and America. The adults have the crown red or rosy. The male of the most common species (A. linarius) has also the breast and rump rosy. Called also redpoll linnet. See Illust. under Linnet. (b) The common European linnet. (c) The American redpoll warbler (Dendroica palmarum).

 Re*draft" (r*drft"), v. t. To draft or draw anew.

 Re*draft", n. 1. A second draft or copy.

2. (Com.) A new bill of exchange which the holder of a protected bill draws on the drawer or indorsers, in order to recover the amount of the protested bill with costs and charges.

 Re*draw" (r?*dr?"), v. t. [imp. Redrew (-dr?");p. p. Redrawn (-drn"); p. pr. & vb. n. Redrawing.] To draw again; to make a second draft or copy of; to redraft.

 Re*draw", v. i. (Com.) To draw a new bill of exchange, as the holder of a protested bill, on the drawer or indorsers.

 Re*dress" (r?*dr?s"), v. t. [Pref. re- + dress.] To dress again.

 Re*dress" (r?*dr?s"), v. t. [F. redresser to straighten; pref. rere- + dresser to raise, arrange. See Dress.]

1. To put in order again; to set right; to emend; to revise. [R.]

 The common profit could she redress.

Chaucer.
 In yonder spring of roses intermixed With myrtle, find what to redress till noon.

Milton.
 Your wish that I should redress a certain paper which you had prepared.

A. Hamilton.
2. To set right, as a wrong; to repair, as an injury; to make amends for; to remedy; to relieve from.

 Those wrongs, those bitter injuries,... I doubt not but with honor to redress.

Shak.
3. To make amends or compensation to; to relieve of anything unjust or oppressive; to bestow relief upon. "'T is thine, O king! the afflicted to redress." Dryden.
 Will Gaul or Muscovite redress ye?

Byron.
 Re*dress", n. 1. The act of redressing; a making right; reformation; correction; amendment. [R.]

 Reformation of evil laws is commendable, but for us the more necessary is a speedy redress of ourselves.

Hooker.
2. A setting right, as of wrong, injury, or opression; as, the redress of grievances; hence, relief; remedy; reparation; indemnification. Shak.
 A few may complain without reason; but there is occasion for redress when the cry is universal.

Davenant.
3. One who, or that which, gives relief; a redresser.

 Fair majesty, the refuge and redress Of those whom fate pursues and wants oppress.

Dryden.
 Re*dress"al (r?*dr?s"al), n. Redress.

 Re*dress"er (-?r), n. One who redresses.

 Re*dress"i*ble (-?*b'l), a. Such as may be redressed.

 Re*dress"ive (-?v), a. Tending to redress. Thomson.
 Re*dress"less, a. Not having redress; such as can not be redressed; irremediable. Sherwood.
 Re*dress"ment (-ment), n. [Cf. F. redressement.] The act of redressing; redress. Jefferson.
 Red"-rib'and (r?d"r?b'and), n. (Zoöl.) The European red band fish, or fireflame. See Rend fish.

 Red"root' (r?d"r?t'), n. (Bot.) A name of several plants having red roots, as the New Jersey tea (see under Tea), the gromwell, the bloodroot, and the Lachnanthes tinctoria, an endogenous plant found in sandy swamps from Rhode Island to Florida.

 Red'sear" (r?d's?r"), v. i. To be brittle when red-hot; to be red-short. Moxon.
 Red"shank' (r?d"sh?nk'), n. 1. (Zoöl.) (a) A common Old World limicoline bird (Totanus calidris), having the legs and feet pale red. The spotted redshank (T. fuscus) is larger, and has orange-red legs. Called also redshanks, redleg, and clee. (b) The fieldfare.

2. A bare-legged person; -- a contemptuous appellation formerly given to the Scotch Highlanders, in allusion to their bare legs. Spenser.
 Red"-short' (-sh?rt'), a. (Metal.) Hot-short; brittle when red-hot; -- said of certain kinds of iron. -- Red"-short'ness, n. Red"skin' (-sk?n'), n. A common appellation for a North American Indian; -- so called from the color of the skin. Cooper.
 Red"start' (-st?rt'), n. [Red + start tail.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A small, handsome European singing bird (Ruticilla phœnicurus), allied to the nightingale; -- called also redtail, brantail, fireflirt, firetail. The black redstart is P.tithys.
 The name is also applied to several other species of Ruticilla amnd allied genera, native of India. (b) An American fly-catching warbler (Setophaga ruticilla). The male is black, with large patches of orange-red on the sides, wings, and tail. The female is olive, with yellow patches.

 Red"streak' (-str?k'), n. 1. A kind of apple having the skin streaked with red and yellow, -- a favorite English cider apple. Mortimer.
2. Cider pressed from redstreak apples.

 Red"tail' (-t?l'), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The red-tailed hawk. (b) The European redstart.

 Red"-tailed' (-t?ld'), a. Having a red tail.

Red-tailed hawk (Zoöl.), a large North American hawk (Buteo borealis). When adult its tail is chestnut red. Called also hen hawck, and red-tailed buzzard.

 Red"-tape' (-t?p'), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, official formality. See Red tape, under Red, a. Red'-tap"ism (r?d't?p"?z'm), n. Strict adherence to official formalities. J. C. Shairp.
 Red'-tap"ist, n. One who is tenacious of a strict adherence to official formalities. Ld. Lytton.
 Red"throat' (r?d"thr?t'), n. (Zoöl.) A small Australian singing bird (Phyrrholæmus brunneus). The upper parts are brown, the center of the throat red.

 Red"top' (-t?p'), n. (Bot.) A kind of grass (Agrostis vulgaris)


-hole in Intermittent Water Course, Glen Canyon.
Pot-hole in Intermittent Water Course, Glen Canyon.
Homogeneous sandstone. These holes are often 10 to 15 feet deep, with the stones which ground them lying in the bottom.
Photograph by J. FENNEMORE, U.S. Colo. Riv. Exp.
Brown's Park, originally called Brown's Hole, after one of the early trappers, is a fine valley about 35 miles long and 5 or 6 miles wide. It is, like the few other valleys, an expansion of the canyon walls. There is considerable arable land, and the place possesses a remarkable climate. Though its general level is so high, around 5500 feet, it receives hardly any snow, and for this reason was long a favourite place for wintering cattle on the drive from Texas to California. It was a great rendezvous, also, for the early trappers and traders, and here stood Fort Davy Crockett, in those days famous.
It was one of those necessary places of refuge and meeting, established when the trappers were pursuing their extermination of the beaver, which once were so numerous in all the Western country. The river enters this park from the solitudes of Red Canyon, a splendid chasm, 25 miles long, 2500 feet deep, and abounding in plunging waters. The name is from the colour of the sandstone walls. Above it are three short canyons, Kingfisher, Horseshoe, and Flaming Gorge, aggregating about 10 miles. There are there no rapids worth mentioning, but the scenic beauty is entrancing. The walls are from 1200 to 1600 feet, in places extremely precipitous. Flaming Gorge, with walls 1300 feet, is particularly distinguished by being the beginning of the long series of close canyons. The river enters suddenly from Green River Valley, repeating on a smaller scale the conditions at the entrance to Lodore. From here on up to the Wind River Range the stream is flanked by occasional cliffs and buttes, but the country is comparatively open, and the many tributaries often have fine grassy bottoms. This was the locality of the great rendezvous of the period from 1825 to 1835, and even later.
Looking up Green River Valley from below Union Pacific Railway Bridge.
Looking up Green River Valley from below Union Pacific Railway Bridge.
Photograph by C.R. SAVAGE.
Specimen of a Navajo.
Specimen of a Navajo.
Photograph by J.K. HILLERS, U.S. Geol. Survey.
Young Warriors of the North.
Young Warriors of the North.
Photograph by C.R. SAVAGE.
Green River Valley is an elevated region, from six thousand to seven thousand feet above sea. It stretches from the Wind River Mountains on the north to the Uintas on the south, and is bounded westwardly by the Wyoming Range, and on the east merges into the Laramie Plains. The drainage exit is through the Uintas, as noted, by means of the canyons heading at Flaming Gorge. There are here opportunities for extensive farming by irrigation. The only other chance for agriculture on the river, except Wonsits Valley, Brown's Park, and a few minor places, is below Black Canyon, in the stretches I have called the alluvial and the canyon-valley divisions. In the latter short canyons separate extensive valleys with wide alluvial bottoms capable of high cultivation, though often subject to overflow. Almost anything will grow there. Vast groves of cottonwood and mesquite exist. In the alluvial division, the last stretch of the river, from the Gila down, cotton and sugar cane would probably grow. This is the only division where the water of the river can be extensively diverted.
At the mouth of the Gila an old emigrant road to California crossed, and another here in this Green River Valley. A third route of travel was by way of Gunnison's Crossing; and a fourth, though this was seldom traversed, was by the Crossing of the Fathers, some thirty-five miles above the present Lee's Ferry. In Green River Valley, Bonneville built his Fort Nonsense, and the region was for many years the best known of any place beyond the mountains. The routes of trappers and prospectors frequently followed aid native trails, which crossed and recrossed the country in every direction, except where the canyons of the Green and Colorado were approached, when few lines of traverse were open across, and none along the course of the water.
The Joshua Tree.
The Joshua Tree.
Clistoyucca Arborescens. Southern Nevada.
Photograph by C.R. SAVAGE.
On the headwaters of Green River lived the Crows, who called it the Seedskedee Agie or Prairie Hen River. The Snakes and Utes living farther down called it the Bitter-root. Frémont called it the Rio Verde of the Spaniards, but apparently without good authority. It was also spoken of as Spanish River, from the report that Spaniards occupied its lower valleys. Colorado was also one of its names, and this is what it should have remained. The commonest appellation was Green, supposed to have been derived from a trapper of that name. Just when the term "Colorado" was first applied to the lower river is not now known. It bore several names, but finally Colorado took first place because of its appropriateness. Both the walls and the water are usually red, though the name is undoubtedly derived from the colour of the water. Green River is frequently as red as any river could be. After a storm in the headwaters of Vermilion Creek I have seen the Green a positively bright vermilion.
A Pai Ute Family at Home.
A Pai Ute Family at Home.
Photograph by J.K. HILLERS, U.S. Colo. Riv. Exp.
The Arapahos were said to range into Brown's Park; the Utes were all along the Wonsits Valley and below it on both sides of the river. Then came the Navajos, ranging up to the San Juan and above.[10] On the north side, below the San Juan, were the various bands of Pai Utes, while on the south were the Puebloan tribes, with the Apaches, Suppais, Wallapais, etc., while still below came the Mohaves, Cocopas, and Yumas, with, on the Gila, the Pimas, Papagos, and Maricopas. The 250,000 square miles of the basin were variously apportioned amongst these tribes, but their territorial claims were usually well defined.
 [10] For notes on the distribution of tribes see the Seventh Ann. Rep, Bu.
Ethnology; Wheeler's Report, vol. i.; Report of Lieut. Ives, Works of H. H. Bancroft, and Garces, by Elliott Coues.
The Barrel Cactus.
The Barrel Cactus.
Pencil sketch by F.S. DELLENBAUGH.
The vegetation of the area, especially that of the lower half, possesses singular characteristics quite in keeping with the extraordinary topography.
Here flourishes the cactus, that rose of the desert, its lovely blossoms red, yellow, and white, illuminating in spring the arid wastes. The soft green of its stems and the multiplicity of its forms and species, are a constant delight. It writhes and struggles across the hot earth, or spreads out silver-spined branches into a tree-like bush, or, in the great pitahaya, rises in fierce dignity like a monitor against the deep blue sky. And the yuccas are quite as beautiful, with their tall central rods so richly crowned with bell-like blossoms, the fantastic Clistoyucca arborescens, or Joshua tree, being more in harmony with the archaic landscape than any other plant there. As the traveller crosses one of the open forests of this tree, which is often twenty-five feet high, the more distant ones appear to beckon like some uncanny desert octopus yearning to draw him within reach of those scrawny arms.
The blossom of this monstrous growth is a revelation, so unexpected is it. A group as large as one's head, pure white, on the extremity of a dagger-covered bough, it is like an angel amidst bayonets. The pitahaya, often more than thirty feet high and twelve to twenty-four inches diameter, is a fit companion for the Joshua, with an equally startling blossom.
Vegetation of the Southwest.
Vegetation of the Southwest.
Photograph by E.O. BE


hand in hand. Shak.
 If I court moe women, you 'll couch with moe men. Shak.
2. To lie down for concealment; to hide; to be concealed; to be included or involved darkly.

 We 'll couch in the castle ditch, till we see the light of our fairies. Shak.
 The half-hidden, hallf-revealed wonders, that yet couch beneath the words of the Scripture. I. Taylor.
3. To bend the body, as in reverence, pain, labor, etc.; to stoop; to crouch. [Obs.]

 An aged squire That seemed to couch under his shield three-square. Spenser.
 Couch, n. [F. couche, OF. colche, culche, fr.
 colchier. See Couch, v. t. ] 1. A bed or place for repose or sleep; particularly, in the United States, a lounge.

 Gentle sleep... why liest thou with the vile In loathsome beds, and leavest the kingly couch? Shak.
 Like one that wraps the drapery of his couch About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams. Bryant.
2. Any place for repose, as the lair of a beast, etc.

3. A mass of steeped barley spread upon a floor to germinate, in malting; or the floor occupied by the barley; as, couch of malt.

4. (Painting & Gilding) A preliminary layer, as of color, size, etc.

 Couch"an*cy (kouch"an-s?), n. State of lying down for repose. [R.]

 Couch"ant (kouch"ant), a. [F., p. pr. of coucher. See Couch, v. t.] 1. Lying down with head erect; squatting.

2. (Her.) Lying down with the head raised, which distinguishes the posture of couchant from that of dormant, or sleeping; -- said of a lion or other beast.

Couchant and levant (Law), rising up and lying down; -- said of beasts, and indicating that they have been long enough on land, not belonging to their owner, to lie down and rise up to feed, -- such time being held to include a day and night at the least. Blackstone.
 ||Cou'ché" (k??'sh?"), a. [F., p. p. of coucher. See Couch, v. t. ] (Her.) (a) Not erect; inclined; -- said of anything that is usually erect, as an escutcheon. (b) Lying on its side; thus, a chevron couché is one which emerges from one side of the escutcheon and has its apex on the opposite side, or at the fess point.

 Couched (koucht), a. (Her.) Same as Couch&?;.

 Cou"chee (k??"sh?; F. k??"sh?"), n. [F. couch&?;e a sleeping place from coucher. See Couch, v. t. ] A reception held at the time of going to bed, as by a sovereign or great prince.
 [Obs.] Dryden.
 The duke's levees and couchees were so crowded that the antechambers were full. Bp. Burnet.
 Couch"er (kouch"?r), n. 1. One who couches.

2. (Paper Manuf.) One who couches paper.

3. [Cf. L. collectarius.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) A factor or agent resident in a country for traffic. Blount. (b) The book in which a corporation or other body registers its particular acts. [Obs.] Cowell.
 Couch" grass' (gr?s'). (Bot.) See Quitch grass.

 Couch"ing, n. 1. (Med.) The operation of putting down or displacing the opaque lens in cataract.

2. Embroidering by laying the materials upon the surface of the foundation, instead of drawing them through.

 Couch"less (kouch"l?s), a. Having no couch or bed.

 Cou"dee (k??"d?; F. k??'d?"), n. [F. coud&?;e, from coude elbow.] A measure of length; the distance from the elbow to the end of the middle finger; a cubit.

 Cou"gar (k??"g?r), n. [F. couguar, from the native name in the South American dialects, cuguacuara, cuguacuarana.] (Zoöl.)
 An American feline quadruped (Felis concolor), resembling the African panther in size and habits. Its color is tawny, without spots; hence writers often called it the American lion. Called also puma, panther, mountain lion, and catamount. See Puma.

 Cough (k?f), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Coughed (k?ft); p. pr. & vb. n. Coughing.] [Cf. D. kuchen, MHG. k&?;chen to breathe, G. keuchen to pant, and E. chincough, the first part of which is prob. akin to cough; cf. also E. choke.] To expel air, or obstructing or irritating matter, from the lungs or air passages, in a noisy and violent manner.

 Cough, v. t. 1. To expel from the lungs or air passages by coughing; -- followed by up; as, to cough up phlegm.

2. To bring to a specified state by coughing; as, he coughed himself hoarse.

To cough down, to silence or put down (an objectionable speaker) by simulated coughing.

 Cough, n. [Cg. D. kuch. See Cough, v. i. ] 1.
 A sudden, noisy, and violent expulsion of air from the chest, caused by irritation in the air passages, or by the reflex action of nervous or gastric disorder, etc.

2. The more or less frequent repetition of coughing, constituting a symptom of disease.

Stomach cough, Ear cough, cough due to irritation in the stomach or ear.

 Cough"er (k?f"?r), n. One who coughs.

 Cou"hage (kou"?j), n. (Bot.) See Cowhage.

 Could (k??d), imp. of Can. [OF. coude. The l was inserted by mistake, under the influence of should and would.]
 Was, should be, or would be, able, capable, or susceptible. Used as an auxiliary, in the past tense or in the conditional present.

 ||Cou'lee" (k??'l?"), n. [F. coulée, fr. couler to run or flow.] A stream; (Geol.) a stream of lava. Also, in the Western United States, the bed of a stream, even if dry, when deep and having inclined sides; distinguished from a cañon, which has precipitous sides.

 ||Cou*lisse" (k??-l?s"; F. k??'l?s"), n. [F., fr. couler to flow, glide.] 1. A piece of timber having a groove in which something glides.

2. One of the side scenes of the stage in a theater, or the space included between the side scenes.

 ||Cou'loir" (k??'lw?r"), n. [F., a strainer.] 1. A deep gorge; a gully.

2. (Hydraul. Engin.) A dredging machine for excavating canals, etc.

 ||Cou'lomb" (k??'l?n"), n. [From Coulomb, a French physicist and electrican.] (Physics) The standard unit of quantity in electrical measurements. It is the quantity of electricity conveyed in one second by the current produced by an electro-motive force of one volt


to flee.

 Would she turn tail to the heron, and fly quite out another way; but all was to return in a higher pitch.

Sir P. Sidney.
 Tail, v. t. 1. To follow or hang to, like a tail; to be attached closely to, as that which can not be evaded. [Obs.]

 Nevertheless his bond of two thousand pounds, wherewith he was tailed, continued uncanceled, and was called on the next Parliament.

Fuller.
2. To pull or draw by the tail. [R.] Hudibras.
To tail in or on (Arch.), to fasten by one of the ends into a wall or some other support; as, to tail in a timber.

 Tail, v. i. 1. (Arch.) To hold by the end; — said of a timber when it rests upon a wall or other support; — with in or into.

2. (Naut.) To swing with the stern in a certain direction; — said of a vessel at anchor; as, this vessel tails down stream.

Tail on. (Naut.) See Tally on, under Tally.

 Tail"age (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) See Tallage.

 Tail"-bay' (?), n. 1. (Arch.) One of the joists which rest one end on the wall and the other on a girder; also, the space between a wall and the nearest girder of a floor. Cf. Case-bay.

2. The part of a canal lock below the lower gates.

 Tail"block' (?), n. (Naut.) A block with a tail. See Tail, 9.

 Tail"board' (?), n. The board at the rear end of a cart or wagon, which can be removed or let down, for convenience in loading or unloading.

 Tailed (?), a. Having a tail; having (such) a tail or (so many) tails; — chiefly used in composition; as, bobtailed, longtailed, etc.

 Snouted and tailed like a boar.

Grew.
 Tail"ing (?), n. 1. (Arch.) The part of a projecting stone or brick inserted in a wall. Gwilt.
2. (Surg.) Same as Tail, n., 8 (a).

3. Sexual intercourse. [Obs.] Chaucer.
4. pl. The lighter parts of grain separated from the seed threshing and winnowing; chaff.

5. pl. (Mining) The refuse part of stamped ore, thrown behind the tail of the buddle or washing apparatus. It is dressed over again to secure whatever metal may exist in it. Called also tails.
 Pryce.
 Taille (?), n. [F. See Tally, Tailor.] 1. A tally; an account scored on a piece of wood. [Obs.]

 Whether that he paid or took by taille.

Chaucer.
2. (O. F. Law) Any imposition levied by the king, or any other lord, upon his subjects.

 The taille, as it still subsists in France, may serve as an example of those ancient tallages. It was a tax upon the profits of the farmer, which they estimate by the stock that he has upon the farm.

A. Smith.
3. (Mus.) The French name for the tenor voice or part; also, for the tenor viol or viola.

 Tail"less (?), a. Having no tail. H. Spencer.
 Tail"lie (?), n. (Scots Law) Same as Tailzie.

 Tai"lor (?), n. [OF. tailleor, F. tailleur, fr. OF.
 taillier, F. tailler to cut, fr. L. talea a rod, stick, a cutting, layer for planting. Cf. Detail, Entail, Retail, Tally, n.] 1. One whose occupation is to cut out and make men's garments; also, one who cuts out and makes ladies' outer garments.

 Well said, good woman's tailor... I would thou wert a man's tailor.

Shak.
2. (Zoöl.) (a) The mattowacca; — called also tailor herring. (b) The silversides.

3. (Zoöl.) The goldfish. [Prov. Eng.]

Salt-water tailor (Zoöl.), the bluefish. [Local, U. S.]
 Bartlett. — Tailor bird (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of small Asiatic and East Indian singing birds belonging to Orthotomus, Prinia, and allied genera. They are noted for the skill with which they sew leaves together to form nests. The common Indian species are O. longicauda, which has the back, scapulars, and upper tail coverts yellowish green, and the under parts white; and the golden-headed tailor bird (O. coronatus), which has the top of the head golden yellow and the back and wings pale olive-green.

 Tai"lor, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tailored (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Tailoring.] To practice making men's clothes; to follow the business of a tailor.

 These tailoring artists for our lays Invent cramped rules.

M. Green.
 Tai"lor*ess, n. A female tailor.

 Tai"lor*ing, adv. The business or the work of a tailor or a tailoress.

 Tail"piece' (?), n. 1. A piece at the end; an appendage.

2. (Arch.) One of the timbers which tail into a header, in floor framing. See Illust. of Header.

3. (Print.) An ornament placed at the bottom of a short page to fill up the space, or at the end of a book. Savage.
4. A piece of ebony or other material attached to the lower end of a violin or similar instrument, to which the strings are fastened.

 Tail"pin" (?), n. (Mach.) The center in the spindle of a turning lathe.

 Tail"race' (?), n. 1. See Race, n., 6.

2. (Mining) The channel in which tailings, suspended in water, are conducted away.

 Tail"stock' (?), n. The sliding block or support, in a lathe, which carries the dead spindle, or adjustable center. The headstock supports the live spindle.

 Tail"-wa'ter (?), n. Water in a tailrace.

 Tail"zie (-z or -y), n. [F. tailler to cut. See Tail a limitation.] (Scots Law) An entailment or deed whereby the legal course of succession is cut off, and an arbitrary one substituted.
 [Written also tailzee.]

 Tain (?), n. [OE. tein, teyne; cf. Icel. teinn a twig, akin to AS. tn, Goth. tains.] Thin tin plate; also, tin foil for mirrors. Knight.
 Taint (?), n. [Cf. F. atteinte a blow, bit, stroke. See Attaint.] 1. A thrust with a lance, which fails of its intended effect. [Obs.]

 This taint he followed with his sword drawn from a silver sheath.

Chapman.
2. An injury done to a lance in an encounter, without its being broken; also, a breaking of a lance in an encounter in a dishonorable or unscientific manner. [Obs.]

 Taint, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tainted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tainting.] To thrust ineffectually with a lance. [Obs.]

 Taint, v. t. 1. To injure, as a lance, without breaking it; also, to break, as a lance, but usually in an unknightly or unscientific manner. [Obs.]

 Do not fear; I have A staff to taint, and bravely.

Massinger.
2. To


, or estimate below the real worth; to depreciate.

2. To esteem lightly; to treat as of little worth; to hold in mean estimation; to despise.

 In comparison of it I undervalued all ensigns of authority.

Atterbury.
 I write not this with the least intention to undervalue the other parts of poetry.

Dryden.
 Un'der*val"ue, n. A low rate or price; a price less than the real worth; undervaluation. Milton.
 Un"der*val"u*er (?), n. One who undervalues.

 Un"der*verse' (?), n. The lower or second verse. [Obs.]

 Un"der*vest' (?), n. An undershirt.

 Un"der*view'er (?), n. See Underlooker.

 Un"der*wear' (?), n. That which is worn under the outside clothing; underclothes.

 Un'der*ween" (?), v. t. To undervalue. [Obs.]

 Un'der*went" (?), imp. of Undergo.

 Un"der*wing' (?), n. 1. (Zoöl.) One of the posterior wings of an insect.

2. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of noctuid moths belonging to Catocala and allied genera, in which the hind wings are banded with red and black or other conspicuous colors. Many of the species are called red underwing.

 Un"der*wit'ted (?), a. Weak in intellect; half-witted; silly. [R.]
 Bp. Kennet.
 Un"der*wood' (?), n. Small trees and bushes that grow among large trees; coppice; underbrush; — formerly used in the plural.

 Shrubs and underwoods look well enough while they grow within the shade of oaks and cedars.

Addison.
 Un'der*work" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Underworked (?) or Underwrought (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Underworking.] 1.
 To injure by working secretly; to destroy or overthrow by clandestine measure; to undermine.

 But thou from loving England art so far, That thou hast underwrought his lawful king.

Shak.
2. To expend too little work upon; as, to underwork a painting. Dryden.
3. To do like work at a less price than; as, one mason may underwork another.

 Un'der*work", v. i. 1. To work or operate in secret or clandestinely. B. Jonson.
2. To do less work than is proper or suitable.

3. To do work for a less price than current rates.

 Un"der*work' (?), n. Inferior or subordinate work; petty business.
 Addison.
 Un"der*work'er (?), n. 1. One who underworks.

2. An inferior or subordinate workman. Waterland.
 Un"der*world' (?), n. 1. The lower of inferior world; the world which is under the heavens; the earth.

 That overspreads (with such a reverence) This underworld.

Daniel.
2. The mythological place of departed souls; Hades.

3. The portion of the world which is below the horizon; the opposite side of the world; the antipodes. [R.]

 Fresh as the first beam glittering on a sail, That brings our friends up from the underworld.

Tennyson.
4. The inferior part of mankind. [R.] Atterbury.
 Un'der*write" (?), v. t. [imp. Underwrote (?), Obs.
 Underwrit (&?;); p. p. Underwritten (?), Obs. Underwrit; p. pr. & vb. n. Underwriting.] 1. To write under something else; to subscribe.

 What addition and change I have made I have here underwritten.

Bp. Sanderson.
2. To subscribe one's name to for insurance, especially for marine insurance; to write one's name under, or set one's name to, as a policy of insurance, for the purpose of becoming answerable for loss or damage, on consideration of receiving a certain premium per cent; as, individuals, as well as companies, may underwrite policies of insurance. B. Jonson.
 The broker who procures the insurance ought not, by underwriting the policy, to deprive the parties of his unbiased testimony.

Marshall.
 Un'der*write", v. i. To practice the business of insuring; to take a risk of insurance on a vessel or the like.

 Un"der*writ'er (?), n. One who underwrites his name to the conditions of an insurance policy, especially of a marine policy; an insurer.

 Un"der*writ'ing, n. The business of an underwriter, Un'der*yoke" (?), v. t. To subject to the yoke; to make subject. Wyclif.
 Un'de*serve" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + deserve.] To fail to deserve. [Obs.] Milton.
 Un'de*serv"er (?), n. One of no merit; one who is nor deserving or worthy. [Obs.] Shak.
 Un'de*sign"ing (?), a. Having no artful, ulterior, or fraudulent purpose; sincere; artless; simple.

 Un'de*stroy"a*ble (?), a. Indestructible.

 Un'de*ter"mi*na*ble (?), a. Not determinable; indeterminable. Locke.
 Un'de*ter"mi*nate (?), a. Nor determinate; not settled or certain; indeterminate. South. — Un'de*ter"mi*nate*ness, n. Dr.
 H. More.
 Un'de*ter'mi*na"tion (?), n. Indetermination. Sir M. Hale.
 Un*dev"il (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + devil.] To free from possession by a devil or evil spirit; to exorcise. [Obs.]

 They boy having gotten a habit of counterfeiting... would not be undeviled by all their exorcisms.

Fuller.
 Un'de*vo"tion (?), n. Absence or want of devotion.

 Un*did" (?), imp. of Undo.

 Un*dif'fer*en"ti*a'ted (?), a. Not differentiated; specifically (Biol.), homogenous, or nearly so; — said especially of young or embryonic tissues which have not yet undergone differentiation (see Differentiation, 3), that is, which show no visible separation into their different structural parts.

 Un*dig"e*nous (?), a. [L. unda a wave + -genous.]
 Generated by water. [R.] Kirwan.
 Un'di*gest"i*ble (?), a. Indigestible.

 Un*dight" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + dight.] To put off; to lay aside, as a garment. [Obs.] Spenser.
 Un*digne" (?), a. Unworthy. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Un*dine" (?), n. [G. undine, or F. ondin, ondine, from L. unda a wave, water.] One of a class of fabled female water spirits who might receive a human soul by intermarrying with a mortal.

 Un*di"o*cesed (?), a. Unprovided with a diocese; having no diocese.
 Milton.
 Un'di*rect" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + direct, v.
 t.] To misdirect; to mislead. [Obs.]

 who make false fires to undirect seamen in a tempest.

Fuller.
 Un'di*rect", a. [Pref. unnot +


young or small pike. [Obs.]

 Bet [better] is, quoth he, a pike than a pickerel.

Chaucer.
2. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of freshwater fishes of the genus Esox, esp. the smaller species. (b) The glasseye, or wall-eyed pike. See Wall-eye.

 The federation, or chain, pickerel (Esox reticulatus) and the brook pickerel (E. Americanus) are the most common American species. They are used for food, and are noted for their voracity. About the Great Lakes the pike is called pickerel.

Pickerel weed (Bot.), a blue-flowered aquatic plant (Pontederia cordata) having large arrow-shaped leaves. So called because common in slow-moving waters where pickerel are often found.

 Pick"er*ing (?), n. [Probably a corruption of Pickerel.] (Zoöl.)
 The sauger of the St.Lawrence River.

 Pick"er*y (?), n. [From Pick to steal; or perhaps from Pickeer.]
 Petty theft. [Scot.] Holinshed.
 Pick"et (?), n. [F. piquet, properly dim. of pique spear, pike. See Pike, and cf. Piquet.] 1. A stake sharpened or pointed, especially one used in fortification and encampments, to mark bounds and angles; or one used for tethering horses.

2. A pointed pale, used in marking fences.

3. [Probably so called from the picketing of the horses.] (Mil.)
 A detached body of troops serving to guard an army from surprise, and to oppose reconnoitering parties of the enemy; -- called also outlying picket.

4. By extension, men appointed by a trades union, or other labor organization, to intercept outsiders, and prevent them from working for employers with whom the organization is at variance. [Cant] 5. A military punishment, formerly resorted to, in which the offender was forced to stand with one foot on a pointed stake.

6. A game at cards. See Piquet.

Inlying picket (Mil.), a detachment of troops held in camp or quarters, detailed to march if called upon. -- Picket fence, a fence made of pickets. See def. 2, above. -- Picket guard (Mil.), a guard of horse and foot, always in readiness in case of alarm. -- Picket line. (Mil.) (a) A position held and guarded by small bodies of men placed at intervals. (b) A rope to which horses are secured when groomed. -- Picketpin, an iron pin for picketing horses.

 Pick"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Picketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Picketing.] 1. To fortify with pointed stakes.

2. To inclose or fence with pickets or pales.

3. To tether to, or as to, a picket; as, to picket a horse.

4. To guard, as a camp or road, by an outlying picket.

5. To torture by compelling to stand with one foot on a pointed stake. [Obs.]

 Pick'e*tee" (?), n. (Bot.) See Picotee.

 Pick"-fault' (?), n. One who seeks out faults.

 Pick"ing, n. 1. The act of digging or breaking up, as with a pick.

2. The act of choosing, plucking, or gathering.

3. That which is, or may be, picked or gleaned.

4. Pilfering; also, that which is pilfered.

5. pl. The pulverized shells of oysters used in making walks. [Eng.] Simmonds.
6. (Mining) Rough sorting of ore.

7. Overburned bricks. Simmonds.
 Pick"ing, a. 1. Done or made as with a pointed tool; as, a picking sound.

2. Nice; careful. [Obs.]

 was too warm on picking work to dwell.

Dryden.
Picking peg. (Weaving) See Picker, n., 3.

 Pic"kle (?), n. [Obs.] See Picle.

 Pic"kle, n. [Cf. D. pekel. Probably a dim. fr. Pick, v. t., alluding to the cleaning of the fish.] 1. (a) A solution of salt and water, in which fish, meat, etc., may be preserved or corned; brine. (b) Vinegar, plain or spiced, used for preserving vegetables, fish, eggs, oysters, etc.

2. Any article of food which has been preserved in brine or in vinegar.

3. (Founding) A bath of dilute sulphuric or nitric acid, etc., to remove burnt sand, scale rust, etc., from the surface of castings, or other articles of metal, or to brighten them or improve their color.

4. A troublesome child; as, a little pickle. [Colloq.]

To be in a pickle, to be in disagreeable position; to be in a condition of embarrassment, difficulty, or disorder. "How cam'st thou in this pickle?" Shak. - - To put a rod in pickle, to prepare a particular reproof, punishment, or penalty for future application.

 Pic"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pickled (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Pickling (?).] 1. To preserve or season in pickle; to treat with some kind of pickle; as, to pickle herrings or cucumbers.

2. To give an antique appearance to; -- said of copies or imitations of paintings by the old masters.

 Pic"kled (?), a. Preserved in a pickle.

 Pic"kle-her"ring (?), n. 1. A herring preserved in brine; a pickled herring. [Obs.] Shak.
2. A merry-andrew; a buffoon. [Obs.] Addison.
 Pic"kler (?), n. One who makes pickles.

 Pick"lock' (?), n. 1. An instrument for picking locks. Shak.
2. One who picks locks; a thief. "A picklock of secrets." Jer.
 Taylor.
 Pick"mire' (?), n. [So called from its picking its food from the mire.] (Zoöl.) The pewit, or black-headed gull.
 [Prov. Eng.]

 Pick"nick (?), n. See Picnic.

 Pick"pack' (?), adv. Pickaback.

 Pick"pen'ny (?), n.; pl. Pickpennies (&?;). A miser; also, a sharper. Dr. H. More.
 Pick"pock'et (?), n. One who steals purses or other articles from pockets. Bentley.
 Pick"purse' (?), n. One who steals purses, or money from purses. Latimer.
 Shak.
 Pick"sy (?), n. See Pixy.

 Pick"thank' (?), n. One who strives to put another under obligation; an officious person; hence, a flatterer. Used also adjectively.

 Smiling pickthanks, and base newsmongers.

Shak.
 Pick"tooth' (?), n. A toothpick. [Obs.] Swift.
 Pi"cle (pk"'l), n. [Prob. fr. pightel or pingle.] A small piece of land inclosed with a hedge; a close. [Obs.] [Written also pickle.]

 Pic"nic (?), n. [Cf. F. piquenique. See Pick, v., and cf. Knickknack.] Formerly, an entertainment at which each person contributed some dish to a common table; now, an excursion or pleasure party in which the members partake of a collation or repast (usually in the open air, and from food carried by themselves).


. Howell.
 Pu"du (?), n. (Zoöl.) A very small deer (Pudua humilis), native of the Chilian Andes. It has simple spikelike antlers, only two or three inches long.

 Pue (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puing.] To make a low whistling sound; to chirp, as birds. Halliwell.
 Pueb"lo (?), n. [Sp., a village, L. populus people. See People.] A communistic building erected by certain Indian tribes of Arizona and New Mexico. It is often of large size and several stories high, and is usually built either of stone or adobe. The term is also applied to any Indian village in the same region.

Pueblo Indians (Ethnol.), any tribe or community of Indians living in pueblos. The principal Pueblo tribes are the Moqui, the Zuñi, the Keran, and the Tewan.

 Pue"fel'low (?), n. A pewfellow. [Obs.]

 Pu"er (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] The dung of dogs, used as an alkaline steep in tanning. Simmonds.
 ||Pu*er"co (?), n. [Sp.] A hog.

Puerco beds (Geol.), a name given to certain strata belonging to the earliest Eocene. They are developed in Northwestern New Mexico, along the Rio Puerco, and are characterized by their mammalian remains.

 Pu"er*ile (?), a. [L. puerilis, fr. puer a child, a boy: cf. F. puéril.] Boyish; childish; trifling; silly.

 The French have been notorious through generations for their puerile affectation of Roman forms, models, and historic precedents.

De Quincey.
Syn. -- Youthful; boyish; juvenile; childish; trifling; weak. See Youthful.

 Pu"er*ile*ly, adv. In a puerile manner; childishly.

 Pu"er*ile*ness, n. The quality of being puerile; puerility.

 Pu'er*il"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Puerilities (#). [L. puerilitas: cf. F. puérilité.] 1. The quality of being puerile; childishness; puerileness. Sir T. Browne.
2. That which is puerile or childish; especially, an expression which is flat, insipid, or silly.

 Pu*er"per*al (?), a. [L. puerpera a lying-in woman; puer child + parere to bear: cf. F. puerpéral.] Of or pertaining to childbirth; as, a puerperal fever.

 Pu*er"per*ous (?), a. Bearing children. [R.]

 Pu"et (?), n. (Zoöl.) The pewit.

 Puff (pf), n. [Akin to G. & Sw. puff a blow, Dan. puf, D. pof; of imitative origin. Cf. Buffet.] 1. A sudden and single emission of breath from the mouth; hence, any sudden or short blast of wind; a slight gust; a whiff. " To every puff of wind a slave."
 Flatman.
2. Anything light and filled with air. Specifically: (a) A puffball. (b) a kind of light pastry. (c) A utensil of the toilet for dusting the skin or hair with powder.

3. An exaggerated or empty expression of praise, especially one in a public journal.

Puff adder. (Zoöl.) (a) Any South African viper belonging to Clotho and allied genera. They are exceedingly venomous, and have the power of greatly distending their bodies when irritated. The common puff adder (Vipera, or Clotho arietans) is the largest species, becoming over four feet long. The plumed puff adder (C. cornuta) has a plumelike appendage over each eye. (b) A North American harmless snake (Heterodon platyrrhinos) which has the power of puffing up its body. Called also hog-nose snake, flathead, spreading adder, and blowing adder. -- Puff bird (Zoöl.), any bird of the genus Bucco, or family Bucconidæ. They are small birds, usually with dullcolored and loose plumage, and have twelve tail feathers. See Barbet (b).

 Puff, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puffed (pft); p. pr. & vb. n. Puffing.] [Akin to G. puffen to pop, buffet, puff, D. poffen to pop, puffen to blow, Sw. puffa to push, to cuff, Dan. puffe to pop, thump. See Puff, n.] 1. To blow in puffs, or with short and sudden whiffs.

2. To blow, as an expression of scorn; -- with at.

 It is really to defy Heaven to puff at damnation.

South.
3. To breathe quick and hard, or with puffs, as after violent exertion.

 The ass comes back again, puffing and blowing, from the chase.

L' Estrange.
4. To swell with air; to be dilated or inflated. Boyle.
5. To breathe in a swelling, inflated, or pompous manner; hence, to assume importance.

 Then came brave Glory puffing by.

Herbert.
 Puff, v. t. 1. To drive with a puff, or with puffs.

 The clearing north will puff the clouds away.

Dryden.
2. To repel with words; to blow at contemptuously.

 I puff the prostitute away.

Dryden.
3. To cause to swell or dilate; to inflate; to ruffle with puffs; -- often with up; as, a bladder puffed with air.

 The sea puffed up with winds.

Shak.
4. To inflate with pride, flattery, selfesteem, or the like; -- often with up.

Puffed up with military success.

Jowett (Thucyd. )
5. To praise with exaggeration; to flatter; to call public attention to by praises; to praise unduly. " Puffed with wonderful skill."
 Macaulay.
 Puff, a. Puffed up; vain. [R.] Fanshawe.
 Puff"ball' (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of ball-shaped fungus (Lycoperdon giganteum, and other species of the same genus) full of dustlike spores when ripe; -- called also bullfist, bullfice, puckfist, puff, and puffin.

 Puff"er (?), n. 1. One who puffs; one who praises with noisy or extravagant commendation.

2. One who is employed by the owner or seller of goods sold at suction to bid up the price; a by-bidder. Bouvier.
3. (Zoöl.) (a) Any plectognath fish which inflates its body, as the species of Tetrodon and Diodon; -- called also blower, puff-fish, swellfish, and globefish.
 (b) The common, or harbor, porpoise.

4. (Dyeing) A kier.

 Puff"er*y (?), n. The act of puffing; bestowment of extravagant commendation.

 Puf"fin (pf"fn), n. [Akin to puff.] 1. (Zoöl.)
 An arctic sea bird Fratercula arctica) allied to the auks, and having a short, thick, swollen beak, whence the name; -- called also bottle nose, cockandy, coulterneb, marrot, morm


of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. skrækja to shriek, to screech, skrkja to titter, Sw. skrika to shriek, Dan. skrige; also Gael. sgreach, sgreuch, W. ysgrechio, Skr. kharj to creak. Cf. Shriek, v., Scream, v.] To utter a harsh, shrill cry; to make a sharp outcry, as in terror or acute pain; to scream; to shriek. "The screech owl, screeching loud." Shak.
 Screech, n. A harsh, shrill cry, as of one in acute pain or in fright; a shriek; a scream.

Screech bird, or Screech thrush (Zoöl.), the fieldfare; -- so called from its harsh cry before rain. -- Screech rain.
 -- Screech hawk (Zoöl.), the European goatsucker; -- so called from its note. [Prov. Eng.] -- Screech owl. (Zoöl.)
(a) A small American owl (Scops asio), either gray or reddish in color. (b) The European barn owl. The name is applied also to other species.

 Screech"ers (?), n. pl. (Zoöl.) The picarian birds, as distinguished from the singing birds.

 Screech"y (?), a. Like a screech; shrill and harsh.

 Screed (skrd), n. [Prov. E., a shred, the border of a cap. See Shred.] 1. (Arch.) (a) A strip of plaster of the thickness proposed for the coat, applied to the wall at intervals of four or five feet, as a guide. (b) A wooden straightedge used to lay across the plaster screed, as a limit for the thickness of the coat.

2. A fragment; a portion; a shred. [Scot.]

 Screed, n. [See 1st Screed. For sense 2 cf. also Gael. sgread an outcry.] 1. A breach or rent; a breaking forth into a loud, shrill sound; as, martial screeds.

2. An harangue; a long tirade on any subject.

 The old carl gae them a screed of doctrine; ye might have heard him a mile down the wind.

Sir W. Scott.
 Screen (skrn), n. [OE. scren, OF. escrein, escran, F. écran, of uncertain origin; cf. G. schirm a screen, OHG. scirm, scerm a protection, shield, or G. schragen a trestle, a stack of wood, or G. schranne a railing.] 1.
 Anything that separates or cuts off inconvenience, injury, or danger; that which shelters or conceals from view; a shield or protection; as, a fire screen.

 Your leavy screens throw down.

Shak.
 Some ambitious men seem as screens to princes in matters of danger and envy.

Bacon.
2. (Arch.) A dwarf wall or partition carried up to a certain height for separation and protection, as in a church, to separate the aisle from the choir, or the like.

3. A surface, as that afforded by a curtain, sheet, wall, etc., upon which an image, as a picture, is thrown by a magic lantern, solar microscope, etc.

4. A long, coarse riddle or sieve, sometimes a revolving perforated cylinder, used to separate the coarser from the finer parts, as of coal, sand, gravel, and the like.

 Screen (skrn), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Screened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Screening.] 1. To provide with a shelter or means of concealment; to separate or cut off from inconvenience, injury, or danger; to shelter; to protect; to protect by hiding; to conceal; as, fruits screened from cold winds by a forest or hill.

 They were encouraged and screened by some who were in high commands.

Macaulay.
2. To pass, as coal, gravel, ashes, etc., through a screen in order to separate the coarse from the fine, or the worthless from the valuable; to sift.

 Screen"ings (?), n. pl. The refuse left after screening sand, coal, ashes, etc.

 Screw (skr), n. [OE. scrue, OF. escroue, escroe, female screw, F. écrou, L. scrobis a ditch, trench, in LL., the hole made by swine in rooting; cf. D. schroef a screw, G. schraube, Icel. skrfa.] 1. A cylinder, or a cylindrical perforation, having a continuous rib, called the thread, winding round it spirally at a constant inclination, so as to leave a continuous spiral groove between one turn and the next, -- used chiefly for producing, when revolved, motion or pressure in the direction of its axis, by the sliding of the threads of the cylinder in the grooves between the threads of the perforation adapted to it, the former being distinguished as the external, or male screw, or, more usually the screw; the latter as the internal, or female screw, or, more usually, the nut.

 The screw, as a mechanical power, is a modification of the inclined plane, and may be regarded as a right-angled triangle wrapped round a cylinder, the hypotenuse of the marking the spiral thread of the screw, its base equaling the circumference of the cylinder, and its height the pitch of the thread.

2. Specifically, a kind of nail with a spiral thread and a head with a nick to receive the end of the screw-driver. Screws are much used to hold together pieces of wood or to fasten something; -- called also wood screws, and screw nails. See also Screw bolt, below.

3. Anything shaped or acting like a screw; esp., a form of wheel for propelling steam vessels. It is placed at the stern, and furnished with blades having helicoidal surfaces to act against the water in the manner of a screw. See Screw propeller, below.

4. A steam vesel propelled by a screw instead of wheels; a screw steamer; a propeller.

5. An extortioner; a sharp bargainer; a skinflint; a niggard. Thackeray.
6. An instructor who examines with great or unnecessary severity; also, a searching or strict examination of a student by an instructor.
 [Cant, American Colleges] 7. A small packet of tobacco. [Slang] Mayhew.
8. An unsound or worn-out horse, useful as a hack, and commonly of good appearance. Ld. Lytton.
9. (Math.) A straight line in space with which a definite linear magnitude termed the pitch is associated (cf. 5th Pitch, 10 (b)). It is used to express the displacement of a rigid body, which may always be made to consist of a rotation about an axis combined with a translation parallel to that axis.

10. (Zoöl.) An amphipod crustacean; as, the skeleton screw (Caprella). See Sand screw, under Sand.

Archimedes screw, Compound screw, Foot screw, etc.
 See under Archimedes, Compound, Foot, etc. -- A screw loose, something out of order, so that work is not done smoothly; as, there is a screw loose somewhere. H. Martineau. -- Endless, or perpetual, screw, a screw used to give motion to a toothed wheel by the action of its threads between the teeth of the wheel; -- called also a worm. -- Lag screw. See under Lag. -- Micrometer screw, a screw with fine threads, used for the measurement of very small spaces. -- Right and left screw, a screw having threads upon the opposite ends which wind in opposite directions. -- Screw alley.
 See Shaft alley, under Shaft. -- Screw bean. (Bot.) (a) The curious spirally coiled pod of a leguminous tree (Prosopis pubescens) growing from Texas to California. It is used for fodder, and ground into meal by the Indians. (b) The tree itself. Its heavy hard wood is used for fuel, for fencing, and


IAM DEAN HOWELLS With an Introduction by Mildred Howells Chapter I II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV.
 MY YEAR IN A LOG CABIN BY W. D. HOWELLS A BIT OF AUTOBIOGRAPHY ILLUSTRATED I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII.

 THE RISE OF SILAS LAPHAM by William Dean Howells CONTENTS CHAPTER I CHAPTER II CHAPTER III CHAPTER IV CHAPTER V CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VIII CHAPTER IX CHAPTER X CHAPTER XI CHAPTER XII CHAPTER XIII CHAPTER XIV CHAPTER XV CHAPTER XVI CHAPTER XVII CHAPTER XVIII CHAPTER XIX CHAPTER XX CHAPTER XXI CHAPTER XXII CHAPTER XXIII CHAPTER XXIV CHAPTER XXV CHAPTER XXVI CHAPTER XXVII ITALIAN JOURNEYS By W.D. Howells 1867 and 1895 CONTENTS THE ROAD TO ROME FROM VENICE.
 I.—LEAVING VENICE.
 II.—FROM PADUA TO FERRARA.
 III.—THE PICTURESQUE, THE IMPROBABLE, AND THE PATHETIC IN FERRARA.
 I. II.
 III.
 IV.
 V. VI.
 VII.
 IV.—THROUGH BOLOGNA TO GENOA.
 V.—UP AND DOWN GENOA.
 VI.—BY SEA FROM GENOA TO NAPLES.
 VII.—CERTAIN THINGS IN NAPLES.
 VIII.—A DAY IN POMPEII.
 IX.—A HALF-HOUR AT HERCULANEUM.
 X.—CAPRI AND CAPRIOTES.
 XI.—THE PROTESTANT RAGGED SCHOOLS AT NAPLES.
 XII.—BETWEEN ROME AND NAPLES.
 XIII.—ROMAN PEARLS.
 FORZA MAGGIORE.
 AT PADUA A PILGRIMAGE TO PETRARCH'S HOUSE AT ARQUÀ.
 A VISIT TO THE CIMBRI.
MINOR TRAVELS.
 I.—PISA.
 II.—THE FERRARA ROAD.
 III.—TRIESTE.
 IV.—BASSANO.
 V.—POSSAGNO, CANOVA'S BIRTHPLACE.
 VI.—COMO.
 STOPPING AT VICENZA, VERONA, AND PARMA.
 DUCAL MANTUA.


remaining from ancient times, the origin of which is often unknown, or imperfectly known.

 The close bearing of the doctrine of survival on the study of manners and customs.

Tylor.
Survival of the fittest. (Biol.) See Natural selection, under Natural.

 { Sur*viv"ance (?), Sur*viv"an*cy (?), } n. [F. survivance.]
 Survivorship. [R.]

 His son had the survivance of the stadtholdership.

Bp. Burnet.
 Sur*vive" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Survived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Surviving.] [F. survivre, L. supervivere; super over + vivere to live. See Super-, and Victuals.] To live beyond the life or existence of; to live longer than; to outlive; to outlast; as, to survive a person or an event. Cowper.
 I'll assure her of Her widowhood, be it that she survive me, In all my lands and leases whatsoever.

Shak.
 Sur*vive", v. i. To remain alive; to continue to live.

 Thy pleasure, Which, when no other enemy survives, Still conquers all the conquerors.

Sir J. Denham.
 Alike are life and death, When life in death survives.

Longfellow.
 Sur*viv"en*cy (?), n. Survivorship. [R.]

 Sur*viv"er (?), n. One who survives; a survivor.

 Sur*viv"ing, a. Remaining alive; yet living or existing; as, surviving friends; surviving customs.

 Sur*viv"or (?), n. 1. One who survives or outlives another person, or any time, event, or thing.

 The survivor bound In filial obligation for some term To do obsequious sorrow.

Shak.
2. (Law) The longer liver of two joint tenants, or two persons having a joint interest in anything. Blackstone.
 Sur*viv"or*ship, n. 1. The state of being a survivor.

1. (Law) The right of a joint tenant, or other person who has a joint interest in an estate, to take the whole estate upon the death of other. Blackstone.
Chance of survivorship, the chance that a person of a given age has of surviving another of a giving age; thus, by the Carlisle tables of mortality the chances of survivorship for two persons, aged 25 and 65, are 89 and 11 respectively, or about 8 to 1 that the elder die first.

 Sus*cep'ti*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Susceptibilities (#). [Cf. F. susceptibilité.] 1. The state or quality of being susceptible; the capability of receiving impressions, or of being affected.

2. Specifically, capacity for deep feeling or emotional excitement; sensibility, in its broadest acceptation; impressibility; sensitiveness.

Magnetic susceptibility (Physics), the intensity of magnetization of a body placed in a uniform megnetic field of unit strength. Sir W. Thomson.
Syn. -- Capability; sensibility; feeling; emotion.

 Sus*cep"ti*ble (?), a. [F., from L. suscipere, susceptum, to take up, to support, undertake, recognize, admit; pref. sus (see Sub-) + capere to take. See Capable.] 1. Capable of admitting anything additional, or any change, affection, or influence; readily acted upon; as, a body susceptible of color or of alteration.

 It sheds on souls susceptible of light, The glorious dawn of our eternal day.

Young.
2. Capable of impression; having nice sensibility; impressible; tender; sensitive; as, children are more susceptible than adults; a man of a susceptible heart.

 Candidates are... not very susceptible of affronts.

Cowper.
 I am constitutionally susceptible of noises.

Lamb.
 -- Sus*cep"ti*ble*ness, n. -- Sus*cep"ti*bly, adv.
 Sus*cep"tion (?), n. [L. susceptio: cf. F. susception.
 See Susceptible.] The act of taking; reception.

 Sus*cep"tive (?), a. Susceptible. I. Watts. -- Sus*cep"tive*ness, n. Sus'cep*tiv"i*ty (?), n. Capacity for receiving; susceptibility.
 [R.] Wollaston.
 Sus*cep"tor (?), n. [L. See Susceptible.] One who undertakes anything; specifically, a godfather; a sponsor; a guardian. Puller.
 Shipley.
 Sus*cip"i*en*cy (?), n. Admission. [R.]

 Sus*cip"i*ent (?), a. [L. suscipiens, p. pr. of suscipere.
 See Susceptible.] Receiving; admitting. [R.]

 Sus*cip"i*ent, n. One who takes or admits; one who receives. [R.]
 Jer. Taylor.
 Sus'ci*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. Capability of being suscitated; excitability. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
 Sus"ci*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suscitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Suscitating.] [L. suscitatus, p. p. of suscitare to lift up, to rouse; pref. sus- (see Sub- ) + citare to rouse, excite. Cf. Excite, Incite.] To rouse; to excite; to call into life and action. [Obs.]

 Sus'ci*ta"tion (?), n. [L. suscitatio: cf. F. suscitation.]
 The act of raising or exciting. [R.]

 A mere suscitation or production of a thing.

South.
 Sus"lik (?), n. [Russ. súslik'.] (Zoöl.)
 A ground squirrel (Spermophilus citillus) of Europe and Asia. It has large cheek pouches. [Written also souslik.]

 Sus*pect" (?), a. [L. suspectus, p. p. of suspicere to look up, admire, esteem, to look at secretly or askance, to mistrust; sub under + specere to look: cf. F. suspect suspected, suspicious. See Spy, and cf. Suspicion.] 1. Suspicious; inspiring distrust. [Obs.]

Suspect [was] his face, suspect his word also.

Chaucer.
2. Suspected; distrusted. [Obs.]

 What I can do or offer is suspect.

Milton.
 Sus*pect", n. [LL. suspectus. See Suspect, a.] 1.
 Suspicion. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 So with suspect, with fear and grief, dismayed.

Fairfax.
2. One who, or that which, is suspected; an object of suspicion; -- formerly applied to persons and things; now, only to persons suspected of crime. Bacon.
 Sus*pect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suspected; p. pr.
 & vb. n. Suspecting.] 1. To imagine to exist; to have a slight or vague opinion of the existence of, without proof, and often upon weak evidence or no evidence; to mistrust; to surmise; -- commonly used regarding something unfavorable, hurtful, or wrong; as, to suspect the presence of disease.

 Nothing makes a man suspect much, more than to know little; and therefore men should remedy suspicion by procuring to know more.

Bacon.
 From her hand I could suspect no ill.

Milton.
2. To imagine to be guilty, upon slight evidence, or without proof; as, to suspect one of equivocation.

3. To hold to be uncertain; to doubt; to mistrust; to distruct; as, to suspect the truth of a story. Addison.
4. To look up to; to respect. [Obs.]

Syn. -- To mistrust; distrust; surmise;


, a chain reaction picks up speed as atoms split, releasing neutrons plus great amounts of energy. The escaping neutrons strike and split more atoms, thus releasing still more neutrons and energy. In a nuclear explosion this all occurs in a millionth of a second with billions of atoms being split.
Project leaders decided a test of the plutonium bomb was essential before it could be used as a weapon of war. From a list of eight sites in California, Texas, New Mexico and Colorado, Trinity Site was chosen as the test site. The area already was controlled by the government because it was part of the Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range which was established in 1942. The secluded Jornado del Muerto was perfect as it provided isolation for secrecy and safety, but was still close to Los Alamos.
Building a test site In the fall of 1944 soldiers started arriving at Trinity Site to prepare for the test. Marvin Davis and his military police unit arrived from Los Alamos at the site on Dec. 30, 1944. The unit set up security checkpoints around the area and had plans to use horses to ride patrol. According to Davis the distances were too great and they resorted to jeeps and trucks for transportation. The horses were sometimes used for polo, however. Davis said that Capt. Bush, base camp commander, somehow got the soldiers real polo equipment to play with but they preferred brooms and a soccer ball.
Other recreation at the site included volleyball and hunting. Davis said Capt. Bush allowed the soldiers with experience to use the Army rifles to hunt deer and pronghorn. The meat was then cooked up in the mess hall. Leftovers went into soups which Davis said were excellent.
Of course, some of the soldiers were from cities and unfamiliar with being outdoors a lot. Davis said he went to relieve a guard at the Mockingbird Gap post and the soldier told Davis he was surprised by the number of "crawdads" in the area considering it was so dry. Davis gave the young man a quick lesson on scorpions and warned him not to touch.
Throughout 1945 other personnel arrived at Trinity Site to help prepare for the test. Carl Rudder was inducted into the Army on Jan.
26, 1945. He said he passed through four camps, took basic for two days and arrived at Trinity Site on Feb. 17. On arriving he was put in charge of what he called the "East Jesus and Socorro Light and Water Company." It was a one-man operation--himself. He was responsible for maintaining generators, wells, pumps and doing the power line work.
A friend of Rudder's, Loren Bourg, had a similar experience. He was a fireman in civil life and ended up trained as a fireman for the Army.
He worked as the station sergeant at Los Alamos before being sent to Trinity Site in April 1945. In a letter Bourg said, "I was sent down here to take over the fire prevention and fire department. Upon arrival I found I was the fire department, period."
As the soldiers at Trinity Site settled in they became familiar with Socorro. They tried to use the water out of the ranch wells but found it so alkaline they couldn't drink it. In fact, they used Navy salt-water soap for bathing. They hauled drinking water from the fire house in Socorro. Gasoline and diesel was purchased from the Standard bulk plant in Socorro.
According to Davis, they established a post office box, number 632, in Socorro so getting their mail was more convenient. The trips into town also offered them the chance to get their hair cut in a real barbershop. If they didn't use the shop, Sgt. Greyshock used horse clippers to trim their hair.
Jumbo The bomb design to be used at Trinity Site actually involved two explosions. First there would be a conventional explosion involving the TNT and then, a fraction of a second later, the nuclear explosion, if a chain reaction was maintained. The scientists were sure the TNT would explode, but were initially unsure of the plutonium. If the chain reaction failed to occur, the TNT would blow the very rare and dangerous plutonium all over the countryside.
Because of this possibility, Jumbo was designed and built. Originally it was 25 feet long, 10 feet in diameter and weighed 214 tons.
Scientists were planning to put the bomb in this huge steel jug because it could contain the TNT explosion if the chain reaction failed to materialize. This would prevent the plutonium from being lost. If the explosion occurred as planned, Jumbo would be vaporized.
Jumbo was brought to Pope, N.M., by rail and unloaded. A specially built trailer with 64 wheels was used to move Jumbo the 25 miles to Trinity Site.
As confidence in the plutonium bomb design grew it was decided not to use Jumbo. Instead, it was placed in a steel tower about 800 yards from ground zero. The blast destroyed the tower, but Jumbo survived intact.
Today Jumbo rests at the entrance to ground zero so all can see it.
The ends are missing because, in 1946, the Army detonated eight 500-pound bombs inside it. Because Jumbo was standing on end, the bombs were stacked in the bottom and the asymmetry of the explosion blew the ends off.
To calibrate the instruments which would be measuring the atomic explosion and to practice a countdown, the Manhattan scientists ran a simulated blast on May 7. They stacked 100 tons of TNT onto a 20-foot wooden platform just southeast of ground zero. Louis Hemplemann inserted a small amount of radioactive material from Hanford into tubes running through the stack of crates. The scientists hoped to get a feel for how the radiation might spread in the real test by analyzing this test. The explosion destroyed the platform, leaving a small crater with trace amounts of radiation in it.
Bomb Assembly On July 12 the two hemispheres of plutonium were carried to the George McDonald ranch house just two miles from ground zero. At the house, Brig. Gen. Thomas Farrell, deputy to Maj. Gen. Leslie Groves, was asked to sign a receipt for the plutonium. Farrell later said, "I recall that I asked them if I was going to sign for it shouldn't I take it and handle it. So I took this heavy ball in my hand and I felt it growing warm, I got a certain sense of its hidden power. It wasn't a cold piece of metal, but it was really a piece of metal that seemed to be working inside. Then maybe for the first time I began to believe some of the fantastic tales the scientists had told about this nuclear power."
At the McDonald ranch house the master bedroom had been turned into a clean room for the assembly of the bomb core. According to Robert Bacher, a member of the assembly team, they tried to use only tools and materials from a special kit. Several of these kits existed and some were already on their way to Tinian, the island in the Pacific which was the base for the bombers. The idea was to test the procedures and tools at Trinity as well as the bomb itself.
At one minute past midnight on Friday, July 13, the explosive assembly left Los Alamos for Trinity Site. Later in the morning, assembly of the plutonium core began. According to Raemer Schreiber, Robert Bacher was the advisor and Marshall Holloway and Philip Morrison had overall responsibility. Louis Slotin, Boyce McDaniel and Cyril Smith were responsible for the mechanical assembly in the ranch house.
Later Holloway was responsible for the mechanical assembly at the tower.
In the afternoon of the 13th the core was taken to ground zero for insertion into the bomb mechanism.
The bomb was assembled under the tower on July 13. The plutonium core was inserted into the device with some difficulty. On the first try it stuck. After letting the temperatures of the plutonium and casing equalize the core slid smoothly into place. Once the assembly was complete many of the men took a welcome relief and went swimming in the water tank east of the McDonald ranch house.
The next morning the entire bomb was raised to the top of the 100 foot steel tower and placed in a small shelter. A crew then attached all the detonators and by 5 p.m. it was complete.
The


"ance (?), n., De*pend"an*cy (?) }, n. See Dependent, Dependence, Dependency.

 The forms dependant, dependance, dependancy are from the French; the forms dependent, etc., are from the Latin. Some authorities give preference to the form dependant when the word is a noun, thus distinguishing it from the adjective, usually written dependent.

 De*pend"ence (?), n. [LL. dependentia, fr. L. dependens.
 See Dependent, and cf. Dependance.] 1. The act or state of depending; state of being dependent; a hanging down or from; suspension from a support.

2. The state of being influenced and determined by something; subjection (as of an effect to its cause).

 The cause of effects, and the dependence of one thing upon another.

Bp. Burnet.
3. Mutual connection and support; concatenation; systematic inter-relation.

 So dark and so intricate of purpose, without any dependence or order.

Sir T. More.
4. Subjection to the direction or disposal of another; inability to help or provide for one's self.

 Reduced to a servile dependence on their mercy.

Burke.
5. A resting with confidence; reliance; trust.

 Affectionate dependence on the Creator is the spiritual life of the soul.

T. Erskine.
6. That on which one depends or relies; as, he was her sole dependence.

7. That which depends; anything dependent or suspended; anything attached a subordinate to, or contingent on, something else.

 Like a large cluster of black grapes they show And make a large dependence from the bough.

Dryden.
8. A matter depending, or in suspense, and still to be determined; ground of controversy or quarrel. [Obs.]

 To go on now with my first dependence.

Beau. & Fl.
 De*pend"en*cy (?), n.; pl. Dependencies (&?;). 1.
 State of being dependent; dependence; state of being subordinate; subordination; concatenation; connection; reliance; trust.

 Any long series of action, the parts of which have very much dependency each on the other.

Sir J. Reynolds.
 So that they may acknowledge their dependency on the crown of England.

Bacon.
2. A thing hanging down; a dependence.

3. That which is attached to something else as its consequence, subordinate, satellite, and the like.

 This earth and its dependencies.

T. Burnet.
 Modes I call such complex ideas which... are considered as dependencies on or affections of substances.

Locke.
4. A territory remote from the kingdom or state to which it belongs, but subject to its dominion; a colony; as, Great Britain has its dependencies in Asia, Africa, and America.

Dependence is more used in the abstract, and dependency in the concrete. The latter is usually restricted in meaning to 3 and 4.

 De*pend"ent (?), a. [L. dependens, -entis, p. pr. dependere.
 See Depend, and cf. Dependant.] 1. Hanging down; as, a dependent bough or leaf.

2. Relying on, or subject to, something else for support; not able to exist, or sustain itself, or to perform anything, without the will, power, or aid of something else; not self-sustaining; contingent or conditioned; subordinate; -- often with on or upon; as, dependent on God; dependent upon friends.

 England, long dependent and degraded, was again a power of the first rank.

Macaulay.
Dependent covenant or contract (Law), one not binding until some connecting stipulation is performed. -- Dependent variable (Math.), a varying quantity whose changes are arbitrary, but are regarded as produced by changes in another variable, which is called the independent variable.

 De*pend"ent, n. 1. One who depends; one who is sustained by another, or who relies on another for support of favor; a hanger-on; a retainer; as, a numerous train of dependents.

 A host of dependents on the court, suborned to play their part as witnesses.

Hallam.
2. That which depends; corollary; consequence.

 With all its circumstances and dependents.

Prynne.
 See the Note under Dependant.

 De*pend"ent*ly, adv. In a dependent manner.

 De*pend"er (?), n. One who depends; a dependent.

 De*pend"ing*ly, adv. As having dependence. Hale.
 De*peo"ple (?), v. t. To depopulate. [Obs.]

 De*per"dit (?), n. [LL. deperditum, fr. L. deperditus, p. p. of deperdere; de- + perdere to lose, destroy.]
 That which is lost or destroyed. [R.] Paley.
 De*per"dite*ly (?), adv. Hopelessly; despairingly; in the manner of one ruined; as, deperditely wicked. [Archaic] Dep'er*di"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. déperdition.] Loss; destruction. [Archaic] Sir T. Browne.
 De*per"ti*ble (?), a. [See Depart.] Divisible. [Obs.] Bacon.
 De*phlegm" (?), v. t. [Pref. de- + phlegm water; cf.
 F. déphlegmer, déflegmer.] (O. Chem.)
 To rid of phlegm or water; to dephlegmate. [Obs.] Boyle.
 De*phleg"mate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dephlegmated; p. pr. & vb. n. Dephlegmating.] [See Dephlegm.] (Chem.) To deprive of superabundant water, as by evaporation or distillation; to clear of aqueous matter; to rectify; -- used of spirits and acids.

 De'phleg*ma"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. déflegmation.] (Chem.)
 The operation of separating water from spirits and acids, by evaporation or repeated distillation; -- called also concentration, especially when acids are the subject of it. [Obs.]

 De*phleg"ma*tor (?), n. An instrument or apparatus in which water is separated by evaporation or distillation; the part of a distilling apparatus in which the separation of the vapors is effected.

 De*phleg"ma*to*ry (?), a. Pertaining to, or producing, dephlegmation.

 De*phlegm"ed*ness (?), n. A state of being freed from water. [Obs.]
 Boyle.
 De'phlo*gis"tic*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dephlogisticated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dephlogisticating.]
 [Pref. de- + phlosticate: cf. F. déphlogistiguer.]
 (O. Chem.) To deprive of phlogiston, or the supposed principle of inflammability. Priestley.
Dephlogisticated air, oxygen gas; -- so called by Dr. Priestly and others of his time.

 -- De'phlo*gis'ti*ca"tion (#), n. De*phos'phor*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of freeing from phosphorous.

 De*pict" (-pkt"), p. p. [L. depictus, p. p. of depingere to depict; de- + pingere to paint. See Paint, and cf.
 Depaint, p. p.] Depicted. Lydgate.
 De*pict" (d*pkt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p.


of an equivalent of hydrogen by acetyl.

 Ac'et*an"i*lide (&?;), n. [Acetyl + anilide.] (Med.)
 A compound of aniline with acetyl, used to allay fever or pain; -- called also antifebrine.

 Ac'e*ta"ri*ous (&?;), a. [L. acetaria, n. pl., salad, fr. acetum vinegar, fr. acere to be sour.] Used in salads; as, acetarious plants.

 Ac"e*ta*ry (&?;), n. [L. acetaria salad plants.] An acid pulp in certain fruits, as the pear. Grew.
 Ac"e*tate (&?;), n. [L. acetum vinegar, fr. acere to be sour.] (Chem.) A salt formed by the union of acetic acid with a base or positive radical; as, acetate of lead, acetate of potash.

 Ac"e*ta'ted (&?;), a. Combined with acetic acid.

 A*ce"tic (#; 277), a. [L. acetum vinegar, fr. acere to be sour.] (Chem.) (a) Of a pertaining to vinegar; producing vinegar; producing vinegar; as, acetic fermentation. (b) Pertaining to, containing, or derived from, acetyl, as acetic ether, acetic acid. The latter is the acid to which the sour taste of vinegar is due.

 A*cet'i*fi*ca"tion (&?;), n. The act of making acetous or sour; the process of converting, or of becoming converted, into vinegar.

 A*cet"i*fi'er (&?;), n. An apparatus for hastening acetification. Knight.
 A*cet"i*fy (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acetified (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Acetifying (&?;).] [L. acetum vinegar + -fly.] To convert into acid or vinegar.

 A*cet"i*fy, v. i. To turn acid. Encyc. Dom. Econ.
 Ac'e*tim"e*ter (&?;), n. [L. acetum vinegar + -meter: cf. F. acétimètre.] An instrument for estimating the amount of acetic acid in vinegar or in any liquid containing acetic acid.

 Ac'e*tim"e*try (&?;), n. The act or method of ascertaining the strength of vinegar, or the proportion of acetic acid contained in it. Ure.
 Ac"e*tin (&?;), n. (Chem.) A combination of acetic acid with glycerin. Brande & C. Ac"e*tize (&?;), v. i. To acetify. [R.]

 Ac'e*tom"e*ter (&?;), n. Same as Acetimeter. Brande & C. Ac"e*tone (&?;), n. [See Acetic.] (Chem.) A volatile liquid consisting of three parts of carbon, six of hydrogen, and one of oxygen; pyroacetic spirit, -- obtained by the distillation of certain acetates, or by the destructive distillation of citric acid, starch, sugar, or gum, with quicklime.

 The term in also applied to a number of bodies of similar constitution, more frequently called ketones. See Ketone.

 Ac'e*ton"ic (&?;), a. Of or pertaining to acetone; as, acetonic bodies.

 Ac"e*tose (&?;), a. Sour like vinegar; acetous.

 Ac'e*tos"i*ty (&?;), n. [LL. acetositas. See Acetous.]
 The quality of being acetous; sourness.

 A*ce"tous (#; 277), a. [L. acetum vinegar, fr. acere to be sour.] 1. Having a sour taste; sour; acid. "An acetous spirit." Boyle. "A liquid of an acetous kind." Bp. Lowth.
2. Causing, or connected with, acetification; as, acetous fermentation.

Acetous acid, a name formerly given to vinegar.

 Ac"e*tyl (&?;), n. [L. acetum vinegar + Gr. &?; substance. See -yl.] (Chem.) A complex, hypothetical radical, composed of two parts of carbon to three of hydrogen and one of oxygen.
 Its hydroxide is acetic acid.

 A*cet"y*lene (&?;), n. (Chem.) A gaseous compound of carbon and hydrogen, in the proportion of two atoms of the former to two of the latter. It is a colorless gas, with a peculiar, unpleasant odor, and is produced for use as an illuminating gas in a number of ways, but chiefly by the action of water on calcium carbide. Its light is very brilliant. Watts.
 { Ach, Ache } (&?;), n. [F. ache, L. apium parsley.] A name given to several species of plants; as, smallage, wild celery, parsley. [Obs.] Holland.
 { A*chæ"an (&?;), A*cha"ian (&?;) } a. [L. Achaeus, Achaius; Gr. &?;.] Of or pertaining to Achaia in Greece; also, Grecian. -- n. A native of Achaia; a Greek.

 ||A*char"ne*ment (&?;), n. [F.] Savage fierceness; ferocity.

 Ach"ate (&?;), n. An agate. [Obs.] Evelyn.
 A*chate" (&?;), n. [F. achat purchase. See Cates.] 1.
 Purchase; bargaining. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. pl. Provisions. Same as Cates. [Obs.] Spenser.
 ||Ach'a*ti"na (&?;), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; agate.] (Zoöl.)
 A genus of land snails, often large, common in the warm parts of America and Africa.

 A*cha*tour" (&?;), n. [See Cater.] Purveyor; acater. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Ache (&?;), n. [OE. ache, AS. æce, ece, fr. acan to ache. See Ache, v. i.] Continued pain, as distinguished from sudden twinges, or spasmodic pain. "Such an ache in my bones." Shak.
 Often used in composition, as, a headache, an earache, a toothache.

 Ache (&?;), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ached (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Aching (&?;).] [OE. aken, AS. acan, both strong verbs, AS. acan, imp. c, p. p. acen, to ache; perh. orig. to drive, and akin to agent.] To suffer pain; to have, or be in, pain, or in continued pain; to be distressed. "My old bones ache." Shak.
 The sins that in your conscience ache. Keble.
 A*che"an (&?;), a. & n. See Achæan, Achaian.

 { A*chene" (&?;), A*che"ni*um (&?;) } n. [Gr. 'a priv. + &?; to gape.] (Bot.) A small, dry, indehiscent fruit, containing a single seed, as in the buttercup; -- called a naked seed by the earlier botanists. [Written also akene and achænium.]

 A*che"ni*al (&?;), a. Pertaining to an achene.

 Ach"e*ron (&?;), n.