a loop, called a bow, to protect the trigger. (g) (Bookbinding) An interleaved strip at the back, as in a scrap book, to guard against its breaking when filled.

5. A posture of defense in fencing, and in bayonet and saber exercise.

6. An expression or admission intended to secure against objections or censure.

 They have expressed themselves with as few guards and restrictions as I. Atterbury.
7. Watch; heed; care; attention; as, to keep guard.

8. (Zoöl.) The fibrous sheath which covers the phragmacone of the Belemnites.

 Guard is often used adjectively or in combination; as, guard boat or guardboat; guardroom or guard room; guard duty.

Advanced guard, Coast guard, etc. See under Advanced, Coast, etc. -- Grand guard (Mil.), one of the posts of the second line belonging to a system of advance posts of an army. Mahan. -- Guard boat. (a) A boat appointed to row the rounds among ships of war in a harbor, to see that their officers keep a good lookout.
 (b) A boat used by harbor authorities to enforce the observance of quarantine regulations. -- Guard cells (Bot.), the bordering cells of stomates; they are crescent-shaped and contain chlorophyll. -- Guard chamber, a guardroom. -- Guard detail (Mil.), men from a company regiment etc., detailed for guard duty. - - Guard duty (Mil.), the duty of watching patrolling, etc., performed by a sentinel or sentinels. -- Guard lock (Engin.), a tide lock at the mouth of a dock or basin. -- Guard of honor (Mil.), a guard appointed to receive or to accompany eminent persons. -- Guard rail (Railroads), a rail placed on the inside of a main rail, on bridges, at switches, etc., as a safeguard against derailment. -- Guard ship, a war vessel appointed to superintend the marine affairs in a harbor, and also, in the English service, to receive seamen till they can be distributed among their respective ships. -- Life guard (Mil.), a body of select troops attending the person of a prince or high officer.
 -- Off one's guard, in a careless state; inattentive; unsuspicious of danger. -- On guard, serving in the capacity of a guard; doing duty as a guard or sentinel; watching. -- On one's guard, in a watchful state; alert; vigilant. -- To mount guard (Mil.), to go on duty as a guard or sentinel. -- To run the guard, to pass the watch or sentinel without leave.

Syn. -- Defense; shield; protection; safeguard; convoy; escort; care; attention; watch; heed.

 Guard"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. gardable. See Guard, v. t.]
 Capable of being guarded or protected.

 Guard"age (?), n. [Cf. OF. wardage. See Guard, v. t.]
 Wardship [Obs.] Shak.
 Guard"ant (?), a. [OF. guardant, p. pr. of guard&?;.
 See Guard, v. t.] 1. Acting as guardian. [Obs.] Shak.
2. (Her.) Same as Gardant.

 Guard"ant, n. A guardian. [Obs.] Shak.
 Guard"ed, a. Cautious; wary; circumspect; as, he was guarded in his expressions; framed or uttered with caution; as, his expressions were guarded. -- Guard"edly, adv. -- Guard"ed*ness, n. Guard"en*age (?), n. Guardianship. [Obs. & R.] " His tuition and guardenage." Holland.
 Guard"er (?), n. One who guards.

 Guard"fish' (?), n. (Zoöl.) The garfish.

 Guard"ful (?), a. Cautious; wary; watchful. [Obs. or Poetic.] -- Guard"ful*ly, adv.
 Guard"house' (?), n. (Mil.) A building which is occupied by the guard, and in which soldiers are confined for misconduct; hence, a lock-up.

 Guard"i*an (?), n. [OF. guardain, gardien, F. gardien, LL. guardianus. See Guard, v. t., and cf. Wasden.] 1.
 One who guards, preserves, or secures; one to whom any person or thing is committed for protection, security, or preservation from injury; a warden.

2. (Law) One who has, or is entitled to, the custody of the person or property of an infant, a minor without living parents, or a person incapable of managing his own affairs.

 Of the several species of guardians, the first are guardians by nature. -- viz., the father and (in some cases) the mother of the child.

Blackstone.
Guardian ad litem (&?;) (Law), a guardian appointed by a court of justice to conduct a particular suit. -- Guardians of the poor, the members of a board appointed or elected to care for the relief of the poor within a township, or district.

 Guard"i*an (?), a. Performing, or appropriate to, the office of a protector; as, a guardian care.

Feast of Guardian Angels (R. C. Ch.) a church festival instituted by Pope Paul V., and celebrated on October 2d. -- Guardian angel. (a) The particular spiritual being believed in some branches of the Christian church to have guardianship and protection of each human being from birth. (b) Hence, a protector or defender in general. O. W. Holmes. -- Guardian spirit, in the belief of many pagan nations, a spirit, often of a deceased relative or friend, that presides over the interests of a household, a city, or a region.

 Guard"i*an*age (?), n. Guardianship. [Obs.]

 Guard"i*ance (?), n. Guardianship. [Obs.]

 Guard"i*an*ess (?), n. A female guardian.

 I have placed a trusty, watchful guardianess.

Beau. & Fl.
 Guard"i*an*less, a. Without a guardian. Marston.
 Guard"i*an*ship, n. The office, duty, or care, of a guardian; protection; care; watch.

 Guard"less (?), a. Without a guard or defense; unguarded. Chapman.
 Guard"room' (?), n. (Mil.) The room occupied by the guard during its term of duty; also, a room where prisoners are confined.

 Guards (gärdz), n. pl. A body of picked troops; as, "The Household Guards."

 Guard"ship, n. Care; protection. [Obs.] Swift.
 Guards"man (?), n.; pl. Guardsmen (&?;). 1.
 One who guards; a guard.

2. A member, either officer or private, of any military body called Guards.

 Guar"ish (?), v. t. [OF. guarir, garir, F. guérir.]
 To heal. [Obs.] Spenser.
 Gua'te*ma"la grass" (?). (Bot.) See Teosinte.

 Gua"va (?), n. [Sp. guayaba the guava fruit, guayabo the guava tree; prob. fr. the native West Indian name.] A tropical tree, or its fruit, of the genus Psidium. Two varieties are well known, the P. pyriferum, or white guava, and P. pomiferum, or red guava. The fruit or berry is shaped like a pomegranate, but is much smaller. It is somewhat astringent, but makes a delicious jelly.

 Gu"ber*nance (?), n. Government. [Obs.]

 Gu"ber*nate (?), v. t. [L. gubernatus, p.


THE HISTORY OF TOM THUMB To which are added THE STORIES OF THE CAT AND THE MOUSE and FIRE! FIRE! BURN STICK!

 Edited by Henry Altemus Contents THE HISTORY OF TOM THUMB THE CAT AND THE MOUSE FIRE! FIRE! BURN STICK!

 THE HISTORY OF TOM THUMB It is said that in the days of the famed Prince Arthur, who was king of Britain, in the year 516, there lived a great magician, called Merlin, the most learned and skilful enchanter in the world at that time.

 This great magician, who could assume any form he pleased, was travelling in the disguise of a poor beggar, and being very much fatigued, he stopped at the cottage of an honest ploughman to rest himself, and asked for some refreshment.

 The countryman gave him a hearty welcome, and his wife, who was a very good-hearted, hospital woman, soon brought him some milk in a wooden bowl, an some coarse brown bread on a platter.

 Merlin was much pleased with this homely repast and the kindness of the ploughman and his wife; but he could not help seeing that though everything was neat and comfortable in the cottage, they seemed both be sad and much cast down. He therefore questioned them on the cause of their sadness, and learned they were miserable because they had no children.

 The poor woman declared, with tears in her eyes, that she should be the happiest creature in the world if she had a son; and although he was no bigger than her husband's thumb, she would be satisfied.

 Merlin was so much amused with the idea of a boy no bigger than a man's thumb, that he made up his mind to pay a visit to the queen of the fairies, and ask her to grant the poor woman's wish. The droll fancy of such a little person among the human race pleased the fairy queen too, greatly, and she promised Merlin that the wish should be granted.
 Accordingly, a short time after, the ploughman's wife had a son, who, wonderful to relate! was not bigger than his father's thumb.

 The fairy queen, wishing to see the little fellow thus born into the world, came in at the window while the mother was sitting up in bed admiring him. The queen kissed the child, and, giving it the name of Tom Thumb, sent for some of the fairies, who dressed her little favorite as she bade them.

 It is remarkable that Tom never grew any larger than his father's thumb, which was only of an ordinary size; but as he got older he became very cunning and full of tricks. When he was old enough to play with the boys, and had lost all his own cherry-stones, he used to creep into the bags of his playfellows, fill his pockets, and, getting out unseen, would again join in the game.

 One day, however, as he was coming out of a bag of cherrystones, where he had been pilfering as usual, the boy to whom it belonged chanced to see him. "Ah, ha! my little Tommy," said the boy, "so I have caught you stealing my cherrystones at last, and you shall be rewarded for your thievish tricks." On saying this, he drew the string tight around his neck, and gave the bag such a hearty shake, that poor little Tom's legs, thighs, and body were sadly bruised. He roared out in pain, and begged to be let out, promising never to be guilty of such bad practices again.

 A short time afterwards his mother was making a batter-pudding, and Tom being very anxious to see how it was made, climbed up to the edge of the bowl; but unfortunately his foot slipped and he plumped over head and ears into the batter, unseen by his mother, who stirred him into the pudding-bag, and put him in the pot to boil.

 The batter had filled Tom's mouth, and prevented him from crying; but, on feeling the hot water, he kicked and struggled so much in the pot, that his mother thought that the pudding was bewitched, and, instantly pulling it out of the pot, she threw it to the door. A poor tinker, who was passing by, lifted up the pudding, and, putting it into his budget, he then walked off. As Tom had now got his mouth cleared of the batter, he then began to cry aloud, which so frightened the tinker that he flung down the pudding and ran away. The pudding being broke to pieces by the fall, Tom crept out covered over with the batter, and with difficulty walked home. His mother, who was very sorry to see her darling in such a woeful state, put him into a tea-cup, and soon washed off the batter; after which she kissed him, and laid him in bed.

 Soon after the adventure of the pudding, Tom's mother went to milk her cow in the meadow, and she took him along with her. As the wind was very high, fearing lest he should be blown away, she tied him to a thistle with a piece of fine thread. The cow soon saw the oak-leaf hat, and, liking the look of it, took poor Tom and the thistle at one mouthful. While the cow was chewing the thistle Tom was afraid of her great teeth, which threatened to crush him in pieces, and he roared out as loud as he could: "Mother, mother!"

 "Where are you, Tommy, my dear Tommy?" said his mother.

 "Here, mother," replied he, "in the red cow's mouth."

 His mother began to cry and wring her hands; but the cow, surprised at the odd noise in her throat, opened her mouth and let Tom drop out.
 Fortunately his mother caught him in her apron as he was falling to the ground, or he would have been dreadfully hurt. She then put Tom in her bosom and ran home with him.

 Tom's father made him a whip of barley straw to drive the cattle with, and having one day gone into the fields, he slipped a foot and rolled into the furrow. A raven, which was flying over, picked him up and flew with him to the top of a giant's castle that was near the seaside, and there left him.

 Tom was in a dreadful state, and did not know what to do; but he was soon more dreadfully frightened; for old Grumbo, the giant, came up to walk on the terrace, and seeing Tom, he took him up and swallowed him like a pill.

 The giant had no sooner swallowed Tom than he began to repent what he had done; for Tom began to kick and jump about so much that he felt very uncomfortable, and at last threw him up again into the sea. A large fish swallowed Tom the moment he fell into the sea, which was soon after caught, and bought for the table of King Arthur. When they opened the fish in order to cook it, every on was astonished at finding such a little boy, and Tom was quite delighted to be out again. They carried him to the king, who made Tom his dwarf, and he soon grew a great favorite at court: for by his tricks and gambols he not only amused the king and queen, but also all the knights of the Round Table.

 It is said that when the kind rode out on horseback he often took Tom along with him, and if a shower came on he used to creep into his majesty's waistcoat pocket, where he slept till the rain was over.

 King Arthur one day asked Tom about his parents, wishing to know if they were as small as he was, and whether rich or poor. Tom told the king that his father and mother were as tall as any of the persons about the court, but rather poor. On hearing this the king carried Tom to the treasure, the place where he kept all his money, and told him to take as much money as he could carry home to his parents, which made the poor little fellow caper with joy. Tom went immediately to fetch a purse, which was made of a water-bubble, and then returned to the treasury, where he got a silver three-penny-piece to put into it.

 Our little hero had some trouble in lifting the burden upon his back; but he at last succeeded in getting it placed to his mind, and


Sketches in Lavender, Blue and Green, by Jerome K. Jerome Transcribed from the 1920 J. W. Arrowsmith edition by David Price, email _EMAIL_ Sketches in Lavender Blue and Green by JEROME K. JEROME author of "three men in a boat" "three men on the bummel," "novel notes" "the idle thoughts of an idle fellow," etc.
BRISTOL J. W. Arrowsmith Ltd., Quay Street LONDON Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co.
Limited 1920 Contents: Reginald Blake, Financier and Cad An item of Fashionable Intelligence Blasé Billy The Choice of Cyril Harjohn The Materialisation of Charles and Mivanway Portrait of a Lady The Man Who Would Manage The Man Who Lived For Others A Man of Habit The Absent-minded Man A Charming Woman Whibley's Spirit The Man Who Went Wrong The Hobby Rider The Man Who Did Not Believe In Luck Dick Dunkerman's Cat The Minor Poet's Story The Degeneration of Thomas Henry The City of The Sea Driftwood La-ven-der's blue, did-dle, did-dle!
 La-ven-der's green; When I am king, did-dle, did-dle!
 You shall be queen.
Call up your men, did-dle, did-dle!
 Set them to work; Some to the plough, did-dle, did-dle!
 Some to the cart.
Some to make hay, did-dle, did-dle!
 Some to cut corn; While you and I, did-dle, did-dle!
 Keep ourselves warm.
REGINALD BLAKE, FINANCIER AND CAD The advantage of literature over life is that its characters are clearly defined, and act consistently. Nature, always inartistic, takes pleasure in creating the impossible.
Reginald Blake was as typical a specimen of the well-bred cad as one could hope to find between Piccadilly Circus and Hyde Park Corner. Vicious without passion, and possessing brain without mind, existence presented to him no difficulties, while his pleasures brought him no pains. His morality was bounded by the doctor on the one side, and the magistrate on the other. Careful never to outrage the decrees of either, he was at forty-five still healthy, though stout; and had achieved the not too easy task of amassing a fortune while avoiding all risk of Holloway. He and his wife, Edith (née Eppington), were as ill-matched a couple as could be conceived by any dramatist seeking material for a problem play. As they stood before the altar on their wedding morn, they might have been taken as symbolising satyr and saint. More than twenty years his junior, beautiful with the beauty of a Raphael's Madonna, his every touch of her seemed a sacrilege. Yet once in his life Mr. Blake played the part of a great gentleman; Mrs. Blake, on the same occasion, contenting herself with a singularly mean rôle—mean even for a woman in love.
The affair, of course, had been a marriage of convenience. Blake, to do him justice, had made no pretence to anything beyond admiration and regard. Few things grow monotonous sooner than irregularity. He would tickle his jaded palate with respectability, and try for a change the companionship of a good woman. The girl's face drew him, as the moonlight holds a man who, bored by the noise, turns from a heated room to press his forehead to the window-pane. Accustomed to bid for what he wanted, he offered his price. The Eppington family was poor and numerous. The girl, bred up to the false notions of duty inculcated by a narrow conventionality, and, feminine like, half in love with martyrdom for its own sake, let her father bargain for a higher price, and then sold herself.
To a drama of this description, a lover is necessary, if the complications are to be of interest to the outside world.
Harry Sennett, a pleasant-looking enough young fellow, in spite of his receding chin, was possessed, perhaps, of more good intention than sense. Under the influence of Edith's stronger character he was soon persuaded to acquiesce meekly in the proposed arrangement. Both succeeded in convincing themselves that they were acting nobly. The tone of the farewell interview, arranged for the eve of the wedding, would have been fit and proper to the occasion had Edith been a modern Joan of Arc about to sacrifice her own happiness on the altar of a great cause; as the girl was merely selling herself into ease and luxury, for no higher motive than the desire to enable a certain number of more or less worthy relatives to continue living beyond their legitimate means, the sentiment was perhaps exaggerated. Many tears were shed, and many everlasting good-byes spoken, though, seeing that Edith's new home would be only a few streets off, and that of necessity their social set would continue to be the same, more experienced persons might have counselled hope. Three months after the marriage they found themselves side by side at the same dinner-table; and after a little melodramatic fencing with what they were pleased to regard as fate, they accommodated themselves to the customary positions.
Blake was quite aware that Sennett had been Edith's lover. So had half a dozen other men, some younger, some older than himself. He felt no more embarrassment at meeting them than, standing on the pavement outside the Stock Exchange, he would have experienced greeting his brother jobbers after a settling day that had transferred a fortune from their hands into his. Sennett, in particular, he liked and encouraged. Our whole social system, always a mystery to the philosopher, owes its existence to the fact that few men and women possess sufficient intelligence to be interesting to themselves. Blake liked company, but not much company liked Blake. Young Sennett, however, could always be relied upon to break the tediousness of the domestic dialogue. A common love of sport drew the two men together. Most of us improve upon closer knowledge, and so they came to find good in one another.
"That is the man you ought to have married," said Blake one night to his wife, half laughingly, half seriously, as they sat alone, listening to Sennett's departing footsteps echoing upon the deserted pavement. "He's a good fellow—not a mere money-grubbing machine like me." And a week later Sennett, sitting alone with Edith, suddenly broke out with: "He's a better man than I am, with all my high-falutin' talk, and, upon my soul, he loves you.
Shall I go abroad?" "If you like," was the answer.
"What would you do?" "Kill myself," replied the other, with a laugh, "or run away with the first man that asked me." So Sennett stayed on.
Blake himself had made the path easy to them. There was little need for either fear or caution. Indeed, their safest course lay in recklessness, and they took it. To Sennett the house was always open. It was Blake himself who, when unable to accompany his wife, would suggest Sennett as a substitute. Club friends shrugged their shoulders.
Was the man completely under his wife's thumb; or, tired of her, was he playing some devil's game of his own? To most of his acquaintances the latter explanation seemed the more plausible.
The gossip, in due course, reached the parental home.
Mrs. Eppington shook the vials of her wrath over the head of her son-in-law. The father, always a cautious man, felt inclined to blame his child for her want of prudence.
"She'll ruin everything," he said.
"Why the devil can't she be careful?" "I believe the man is deliberately plotting to get rid of her," said Mrs. Eppington. "I shall tell him plainly what I think." "You're a fool, Hannah," replied her husband, allowing himself the licence of the domestic hearth. "If you are right, you will only precipitate matters; if you are wrong, you will tell him what there is no need for him to know. Leave the matter to me. I can sound him without giving anything away, and meanwhile you talk to Edith." So matters were arranged, but the interview between mother and daughter hardly improved the position. Mrs. Eppington was conventionally moral; Edith had been thinking for herself, and thinking in a bad atmosphere. Mrs


vocal muscles and are not singing birds, but belong to a widely different group allied to the humming birds.

 The common European swift (Cypselus, or Micropus, apus) nests in church steeples and under the tiles of roofs, and is noted for its rapid flight and shrill screams. It is called also black martin, black swift, hawk swallow, devil bird, swingdevil, screech martin, and shreik owl. The common American, or chimney, swift (Chætura pelagica) has sharp rigid tips to the tail feathers.
 It attaches its nest to the inner walls of chimneys, and is called also chimney swallow. The Australian swift (Chætura caudacuta) also has sharp naked tips to the tail quills. The European Alpine swift (Cypselus melba) is whitish beneath, with a white band across the breast. The common Indian swift is Cypselus affinis. See also Palm swift, under Palm, and Tree swift, under Tree.

3. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of lizards, as the pine lizard.

4. (Zoöl.) The ghost moth. See under Ghost.

5. [Cf. Swivel.] A reel, or turning instrument, for winding yarn, thread, etc.; -- used chiefly in the plural.

6. The main card cylinder of a flax-carding machine.

 Swift"er (?), n. [Cf. Swivel.] (Naut.) (a) A rope used to retain the bars of the capstan in their sockets while men are turning it. (b) A rope used to encircle a boat longitudinally, to strengthen and defend her sides. (c) The forward shroud of a lower mast.

 Swift"er, v. t. (Naut.) To tighten, as slack standing rigging, by bringing the opposite shrouds nearer.

 Swift"foot' (?), a. Nimble; fleet. Mir. for Mag.
 Swift"foot', n. (Zoöl.) The courser.

 Swift"let (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of small East Indian and Asiatic swifts of the genus Collocalia.
 Some of the species are noted for furnishing the edible bird's nest. See Illust. under Edible.

 Swift"ly, adv. In a swift manner; with quick motion or velocity; fleetly. Wyclif.
 Swift"ness, n. The quality or state of being swift; speed; quickness; celerity; velocity; rapidity; as, the swiftness of a bird; the swiftness of a stream; swiftness of descent in a falling body; swiftness of thought, etc.

 Swig (?), v. t. [Cf. D. zwelgen to swallow, E. swallow, v.t.] 1. To drink in long draughts; to gulp; as, to swig cider. [Colloq.]

2. To suck. [Obs. or Archaic] The lambkins swig the teat.

Creech.
 Swig, n. 1. A long draught. [Colloq.] Marryat.
2. (Naut.) A tackle with ropes which are not parallel.

3. A beverage consisting of warm beer flavored with spices, lemon, etc. [Prov. Eng.]

 Swig, v. t. [Cf. Prov. E. swig to leak out, AS. swjian to be silent, swcan to evade, escape.] 1. To castrate, as a ram, by binding the testicles tightly with a string, so that they mortify and slough off. [Prov. Eng.]

2. (Naut.) To pull upon (a tackle) by throwing the weight of the body upon the fall between the block and a cleat.

 Swill (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swilled (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Swilling.] [OE. swilen to wash, AS. swilian.]
 1. To wash; to drench. [Obs.]

 As fearfully as doth a galled rock O'erhang and jutty his confounded base, Swilled with the wild and wasteful ocean.

Shak.
2. [Properly, to drink like a pig. See Swill, n.] To drink in great draughts; to swallow greedily.

 Well-dressed people, of both sexes,... devouring sliced beef, and swilling pork, and punch, and cider.

Smollett.
3. To inebriate; to fill with drink.

 I should be loth To meet the rudeness and swilled insolence Of such late wassailers.

Milton.
 Swill, v. i. To drink greedily or swinishly; to drink to excess. South.
 Swill, n. 1. The wash, or mixture of liquid substances, given to swine; hogwash; -- called also swillings.

2. Large draughts of liquor; drink taken in excessive quantities.

 Swill"er (?), n. One who swills.

 Swill"ings (?), n. pl. See Swill, n., 1.

 Swim (?), v. i. [imp. Swam (?) or Swum (&?;); p. p. Swum; p. pr. & vb. n. Swimming.] [AS. swimman; akin to D. zwemmen, OHG. swimman, G. schwimmen, Icel. svimma, Dan. swömme, Sw. simma. Cf. Sound an air bladder, a strait.] 1. To be supported by water or other fluid; not to sink; to float; as, any substance will swim, whose specific gravity is less than that of the fluid in which it is immersed.

2. To move progressively in water by means of strokes with the hands and feet, or the fins or the tail.

 Leap in with me into this angry flood, And swim to yonder point.

Shak.
3. To be overflowed or drenched. Ps. vi. 6.
 Sudden the ditches swell, the meadows swim.

Thomson.
4. Fig.: To be as if borne or floating in a fluid.

 [They] now swim in joy.

Milton.
5. To be filled with swimming animals. [Obs.]

 [Streams] that swim full of small fishes.

Chaucer.
 Swim, v. t. 1. To pass or move over or on by swimming; as, to swim a stream.

 Sometimes he thought to swim the stormy main.

Dryden.
2. To cause or compel to swim; to make to float; as, to swim a horse across a river.

3. To immerse in water that the lighter parts may float; as, to swim wheat in order to select seed.

 Swim, n. 1. The act of swimming; a gliding motion, like that of one swimming. B. Jonson.
2. The sound, or air bladder, of a fish.

3. A part of a stream much frequented by fish. [Eng.]

Swim bladder, an air bladder of a fish. -- To be in the swim, to be in a favored position; to be associated with others in active affairs. [Colloq.]

 Swim, v. i. [OE. swime dizziness, vertigo, AS. swma; akin to D. zwijm, Icel. svimi dizziness, svina to subside, sva to abate, G. schwindel dizziness, schwinden to disappear, to dwindle, OHG. swnan to dwindle. Cf. Squemish, Swindler.] To be dizzy; to have an unsteady or reeling sensation; as, the head swims.

 Swim"bel (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A moaning or sighing sound or noise; a sough. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Swim"mer (?), n. 1. One who swims.

2. (Far.) A protuberance on the leg of a horse.

3. (Zoöl.) A swimming bird; one of the


Stuff a breast of mutton with veal forcemeat mixed with two eggs beaten up, herbs, a little spice, and a tablespoonful of grated Parmesan, braize it in stock with a bunch of herbs and two onions. Serve with Italian sauce (No. 6).

 No. 91. Petto di Castrato alla Salsa piccante (Breast of Mutton) Ingredients: Same as No. 90.

 When the breast of mutton has been stuffed and cooked as above, let it get cold and then cut it into fillets, flour them over, fry in butter, and serve with tomato sauce piquante (No. 10), or one dessert-spoonful of New Century sauce in a quarter pint of good stock or gravy.

 No. 92. Tenerumi d'Agnello alla Villeroy (Tendons of Lamb) Ingredients: Tendons of lamb, eggs, bread crumbs, truffles, butter, stock, Villeroy sauce.

 Slightly cook the tendons (the part of the breast near the ribs) of lamb, press them between two dishes till cold, then cut into a good shape and dip them into a Villeroy sauce (No. 18) egg and bread-crumb, and saute them in butter. When about to serve, put them in a dish with very good clear gravy. A teaspoonful of chopped mint and a tablespoonful of chopped truffles mixed with the bread crumbs will be a great improvement.

 No. 93. Tenerumi d' Agnello alla Veneziana (Tendons of Lamb) Ingredients: Tendons of lamb, butter, parsley, onions, stock.

 Fry the tendons of lamb in butter together with a teaspoonful of chopped parsley and an onion. Serve with good gravy.

 No. 94. Costolette d' Agnello alla Costanza (Lamb Cutlets) Ingredients: Lamb cutlets, butter, stock, cocks' combs, fowl's liver, mushrooms.

 Fry as many lamb cutlets as you require very sharply in butter, drain off the butter and replace it with some very good stock or gravy. Make a ragout of cocks' combs, bits of fowl's liver and mushrooms all cut up; add a white sauce with half a gill of cream mixed with it, and with this mask the cutlets, and saute them for fifteen minutes.

 Tongue, Sweetbread, Calf's Head, Liver, Sucking Pig, &C. No. 95. Timballo alla Romana Ingredients: Cold fowl, game, or sweetbread, butter, lard, flour, Parmesan, truffles, macaroni, onions, cream.

 Make a light paste of two ounces of butter, two of lard, and half a pound of flour, and put it in the larder for two hours. In the meantime boil a little macaroni and let it get cold, then line a plain mould with the paste, and fill it with bits of cut-up fowl, or game, or sweetbread, bits of truffle cut in small dice, grated Parmesan, and a little chopped onion.
 Put these ingredients in alternately, and after each layer add enough cream to moisten. Fill the mould quite full, then roll out a thin paste for the top and press it well together at the edges to keep the cream from boiling out. Bake it in a moderate oven for an hour and a half, turn it out of the mould, and serve with a rich brown sauce. Decorate the top with bits of red tongue and truffles cut into shapes or with a little chopped pistacchio nut.

 No. 96. Timballo alla Lombarda Ingredients: Macaroni, fowl or game, eggs, stock, Velute sauce (No. 2), tongue, butter, truffles.

 Butter a smooth mould, then boil some macaroni, but take care that it is in long pieces. When cold, take the longest bits and line the bottom of the mould, making the macaroni go in circles; and when you come to the end of one piece, join on the next as closely as possible until the whole mould is lined; paint it over now and then with white of egg beaten up; then mask the whole inside with a thin layer of forcemeat of fowl, which should also be put on with white of egg to make it adhere; then cut up the bits of macaroni which remain, warm them up in some good fowl stock and Velute sauce much reduced, a little melted butter, some bits of truffle cut into dice, tongue, fowl, or game also cut up in pieces. When the mould is full, put on another layer of forcemeat, steam for an hour, then turn out and serve with a very good brown sauce.

 No. 97. Lingua alla Visconti (Tongue) Ingredients: Tongue, glaze, bread, spinach, white grapes, port.

 Soak a smoked tongue in fresh water for forty-eight hours, then boil it till it is tender. Peel off the skin, cut the tongue in rather thick slices, and glaze them. Prepare an oval border of fried bread, cover it with spinach about two inches thick, and on this arrange the slices of tongue. Fill in the centre of the dish with white grapes cooked in port or muscat.

 No. 98. Lingua di Manzo al Citriuoli (Tongue with Cucumber) Ingredients: Ox tongue, salt, pepper, nutmeg, parsley, bacon, veal, carrots, onions, thyme, bay leaves, cloves, stock.

 Gently boil an ox tongue until you can peel off the skin, then lard it, season it with salt, pepper, nutmeg, and chopped parsley, and boil it with some bits of bacon, ham, veal, a carrot, an onion, two bay leaves, thyme and two cloves. Pour some good stock over it and let it simmer gently until it is cooked. Put the tongue on a dish and garnish it with slices of fried cucumber. Boil the cucumber for five minutes before you fry it, to take away the bitter taste. Serve the tongue with a sauce piquante, made with one dessert-spoonful of New Century sauce to a quarter pint of good Espangole sauce (No. 1).

 No. 99. Lingue di Castrato alla Cuciniera (Sheep's Tongues) Ingredients: Sheep's tongues, bacon, beef, onions, herbs, spice, eggs, butter, flour.

 Cook three or four sheep's tongues in good stock, and add some slices of bacon, bits of beef, two onions, a bunch of herbs, and a pinch of spice.
 Let them get cold, flour them and mask them with egg beaten up and fry quickly in butter. Serve with Italian sauce (No. 6) No. 100. Lingue di Vitello all'Italiana (Calves' Tongues) Ingredients: Calves' tongues, salt, butter, stock, water, glaze, potatoes, ham, truffles, sauce piquante.

 Rub a good handful of salt into two or three calves' tongues and leave them for twenty-four hours, then wash off all the salt and soak them in fresh water for two hours. Stew them gently till tender, take them out, skin and braize them in butter and good stock for half an hour. Let them get cold and cut them into slices about half an inch thick; put the slices into a buttered saute-pan and cover them with a good thick glaze; let them get quite hot and then arrange them on a border of potatoes, and garnish each slice with round shapes of cooked ham and truffle. Fill the centre with any vegetables you like; fried cucumber is excellent, but if you use it do not forget to boil it for five minutes before you fry it to take away the bitter taste. Serve with a sauce piquante (No. 10, or No. 226).

 No. 101. Porcelletto alla Corradino (Sucking Pig) Ingredients: Sucking pig, ham, eggs, Parmesan, truffles, mushrooms,


still; the animals are still.

 The sea that roared at thy command, At thy command was still.

Addison.
3. Not disturbed by noise or agitation; quiet; calm; as, a still evening; a still atmosphere. "When all the woods are still."
 Milton.
4. Comparatively quiet or silent; soft; gentle; low. "A still small voice." 1 Kings xix. 12.
5. Constant; continual. [Obs.]

 By still practice learn to know thy meaning.

Shak.
6. Not effervescing; not sparkling; as, still wines.

Still life. (Fine Arts) (a) Inanimate objects. (b) (Painting) The class or style of painting which represents inanimate objects, as fruit, flowers, dead game, etc.

Syn. -- Quiet; calm; noiseless; serene; motionless; inert; stagnant.

 Still, n. [Cf. G. stille.] 1. Freedom from noise; calm; silence; as, the still of midnight. [Poetic] 2. A steep hill or ascent. [Obs.] W. Browne.
 Still, adv. [AS. stille quietly. See Still, a. The modern senses come from the idea of stopping and staying still, or motionless.] 1. To this time; until and during the time now present; now no less than before; yet.

 It hath been anciently reported, and is still received.

Bacon.
2. In the future as now and before.

 Hourly joys be still upon you!

Shak.
3. In continuation by successive or repeated acts; always; ever; constantly; uniformly.

 The desire of fame betrays an ambitious man into indecencies that lessen his reputation; he is still afraid lest any of his actions should be thrown away in private.

Addison.
 Chemists would be rich if they could still do in great quantities what they have sometimes done in little.

Boyle.
4. In an increasing or additional degree; even more; -- much used with comparatives.

 The guilt being great, the fear doth still exceed.

Shak.
5. Notwithstanding what has been said or done; in spite of what has occured; nevertheless; -- sometimes used as a conjunction. See Synonym of But.

 As sunshine, broken in the rill, Though turned astray, is sunshine still.

Moore.
6. After that; after what is stated.

 In the primitive church, such as by fear being compelled to sacrifice to strange gods, after repented, and kept still the office of preaching the gospel.

Whitgift.
Still and anon, at intervals and repeatedly; continually; ever and anon; now and then.

 And like the watchful minutes to the hour, Still and anon cheered up the heavy time.

Shak.
 Still, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stilling.] [AS. stillan, from stille still, quiet, firm. See Still, a.] 1. To stop, as motion or agitation; to cause to become quiet, or comparatively quiet; to check the agitation of; as, to still the raging sea.

 He having a full sway over the water, had power to still and compose it, as well as to move and disturb it.

Woodward.
2. To stop, as noise; to silence.

 With his name the mothers still their babies.

Shak.
3. To appease; to calm; to quiet, as tumult, agitation, or excitement; as, to still the passions. Shak.
 Toil that would, at least, have stilled an unquiet impulse in me.

Hawthorne.
Syn. -- To quiet; calm; allay; lull; pacify; appease; subdue; suppress; silence; stop; check; restrain.

 Still (?), n. [Cf. OE. stillatorie. See Still, v., to distill.] 1. A vessel, boiler, or copper used in the distillation of liquids; specifically, one used for the distillation of alcoholic liquors; a retort. The name is sometimes applied to the whole apparatus used in in vaporization and condensation.

2. A house where liquors are distilled; a distillery.

Still watcher, a device for indicating the progress of distillation by the density of the liquid given over. Knight.
 Still, v. t. [Abbreviated fr. distill.] 1. To cause to fall by drops.

2. To expel spirit from by heat, or to evaporate and condense in a refrigeratory; to distill. Tusser.
 Still, v. i. [L. stillare. Cf. Distill.] To drop, or flow in drops; to distill. [Obs.] Spenser.
 Stil"lage (?), n. (Bleaching) A low stool to keep the goods from touching the floor. Knight.
 Stil'la*ti"tious (?), a. [L. stillaticius, fr. stillare to drop, stilla a drop.] Falling in drops; drawn by a still.

 Stil"la*to*ry (?), n.; pl. -ries (#). [From Still, for distill. Cf. Still, n., and Distillatory, a.] 1.
 An alembic; a vessel for distillation. [R.] Bacon.
2. A laboratory; a place or room in which distillation is performed. [R.] Dr. H. More. Sir H. Wotton.
 Still"birth' (?), n. The birth of a dead fetus.

 Still"born' (?), a. 1. Dead at the birth; as, a stillborn child.

2. Fig.: Abortive; as, a stillborn poem. Swift.
 Still"-burn' (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. still-burnt (?) or Still-burned (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Still-burning.] To burn in the process of distillation; as, to still-burn brandy.

 Still"-clos"ing (?), a. Ever closing. [Obs.] "Still-clothing waters." Shak.
 Still"er (?), n. One who stills, or quiets.

 Still"house' (?), n. A house in which distillation is carried on; a distillery.

 Still"-hunt' (?), n. A hunting for game in a quiet and cautious manner, or under cover; stalking; hence, colloquially, the pursuit of any object quietly and cautiously. -- Still"-hunt'er (#), n. -- Still"- hunt'ing, n. [U.S.]

 Stil"li*cide (?), n. [L. stillicidium; stilla a drop + cadere to fall.] A continual falling or succession of drops; rain water falling from the eaves. Bacon.
 Stil'li*cid"i*ous (?), a. Falling in drops. [Obs.]

 Stil"li*form (?), a. [L. stilla a drop + -form.]
 Having the form of a drop. Owen.
 Still"ing (?), n. [Cf. LG. stelling, G. stellen to set, to place.] A stillion. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

 Stil"lion (?), n. [See Stilling.] A stand, as for casks or vats in a brewery, or for pottery while drying.

 Still"ness (?), n. 1. The quality or state of being still; quietness; silence; calmness; inactivity.

 Painting, then, was the art demanded by the modern intellect upon its emergence from the stillness of the Middle Ages.

J. A. Symonds.
2. Habitual silence or quiet; taciturnity.

 The gravity and stillness of your youth The world hath noted.

Shak.
 Still"room' (?), n. 1. A room for distilling.

2. An apartment in a house where liquors, preserves, and the like, are kept. [Eng.]

 Floors are rubbed bright,... stillroom and kitchen cleared


I re-refine the court, and civilize Their barbarous natures.

Massinger.
2. (Math.) A statement of a principle to be demonstrated.

 A theorem is something to be proved, and is thus distinguished from a problem, which is something to be solved. In analysis, the term is sometimes applied to a rule, especially a rule or statement of relations expressed in a formula or by symbols; as, the binomial theorem; Taylor's theorem. See the Note under Proposition, n., 5.

Binomial theorem. (Math.) See under Binomial. — Negative theorem, a theorem which expresses the impossibility of any assertion.
 — Particular theorem (Math.), a theorem which extends only to a particular quantity. — Theorem of Pappus. (Math.) See Centrobaric method, under Centrobaric. — Universal theorem (Math.), a theorem which extends to any quantity without restriction.

 The"o*rem, v. t. To formulate into a theorem.

 { The'o*re*mat"ic (?), The'o*re*mat"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. Gr. &?;.]
 Of or pertaining to a theorem or theorems; comprised in a theorem; consisting of theorems.

 The'o*rem"a*tist (?), n. One who constructs theorems.

 The'o*rem"ic (?), a. Theorematic. Grew.
 { The'o*ret"ic (?), The'o*ret"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. L. theoreticus, F. théorétique.] Pertaining to theory; depending on, or confined to, theory or speculation; speculative; terminating in theory or speculation: not practical; as, theoretical learning; theoretic sciences. — The'o*ret"ic*al*ly, adv.
 The'o*ret"ics (?), n. The speculative part of a science; speculation.

 At the very first, with our Lord himself, and his apostles, as represented to us in the New Testament, morals come before contemplation, ethics before theoretics.

H. B. Wilson.
 The*or"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. théorique. See Theory.] 1.
 Of or pertaining to the theorica.

2. (pron. &?;) Relating to, or skilled in, theory; theoretically skilled. [Obs.]

 A man but young, Yet old in judgment, theoric and practic In all humanity.

Massinger.
 The"o*ric (?), n. [OF. theorique; cf. L. theorice.]
 Speculation; theory. [Obs.] Shak.
 ||The*or"i*ca (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; (sc. &?;), fr.
 &?; belonging to &?; a public spectacle. See Theory.] (Gr.
 Antiq.) Public moneys expended at Athens on festivals, sacrifices, and public entertainments (especially theatrical performances), and in gifts to the people; — also called theoric fund.

 The*or"ic*al (?), a. Theoretic. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
 The*or"ic*al*ly, adv. In a theoretic manner. [Obs.]

 The"o*rist (?), n. [Cf. F. théoriste.] One who forms theories; one given to theory and speculation; a speculatist. Cowper.
 The greatest theoretists have given the preference to such a government as that which obtains in this kingdom.

Addison.
 The'o*ri*za"tion (?), n. The act or product of theorizing; the formation of a theory or theories; speculation.

 The"o*rize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Theorized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Theorizing (?).] [Cf. F. théoriser.] To form a theory or theories; to form opinions solely by theory; to speculate.

 The"o*ri'zer (?), n. One who theorizes or speculates; a theorist.

 The"o*ry (?), n.; pl. Theories (#). [F. théorie, L. theoria, Gr. &?; a beholding, spectacle, contemplation, speculation, fr. &?; a spectator, &?; to see, view. See Theater.]
 1. A doctrine, or scheme of things, which terminates in speculation or contemplation, without a view to practice; hypothesis; speculation.

 "This word is employed by English writers in a very loose and improper sense. It is with them usually convertible into hypothesis, and hypothesis is commonly used as another term for conjecture. The terms theory and theoretical are properly used in opposition to the terms practice and practical. In this sense, they were exclusively employed by the ancients; and in this sense, they are almost exclusively employed by the Continental philosophers." Sir W. Hamilton.
2. An exposition of the general or abstract principles of any science; as, the theory of music.

3. The science, as distinguished from the art; as, the theory and practice of medicine.

4. The philosophical explanation of phenomena, either physical or moral; as, Lavoisier's theory of combustion; Adam Smith's theory of moral sentiments.

Atomic theory, Binary theory, etc. See under Atomic, Binary, etc.

Syn. — Hypothesis, speculation. — Theory, Hypothesis. A theory is a scheme of the relations subsisting between the parts of a systematic whole; an hypothesis is a tentative conjecture respecting a cause of phenomena.

 { The"o*soph (?), The*os"o*pher (?), } n. A theosophist.

 { The'o*soph"ic (?), The'o*soph"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. théosophique.]
 Of or pertaining to theosophy. — The'o*soph"ic*al*ly, adv.
 The*os"o*phism (?), n. [Cf. F. théosophisme.] Belief in theosophy. Murdock.
 The*os"o*phist (?), n. One addicted to theosophy.

 The theosophist is one who gives you a theory of God, or of the works of God, which has not reason, but an inspiration of his own, for its basis.

R. A. Vaughan.
 The*os'o*phis"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to theosophy; theosophical.

 The*os"o*phize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Theosophized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Theosophizing.] To practice theosophy. [R.]

 The*os"o*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; knowledge of things divine, fr.
 &?; wise in the things of God; &?; God + &?; wise: cf. F. théosophie.]
 Any system of philosophy or mysticism which proposes to attain intercourse with God and superior spirits, and consequent superhuman knowledge, by physical processes, as by the theurgic operations of some ancient Platonists, or by the chemical processes of the German fire philosophers; also, a direct, as distinguished from a revealed, knowledge of God, supposed to be attained by extraordinary illumination; especially, a direct insight into the processes of the divine mind, and the interior relations of the divine nature.

 ||Ther'a*peu"tæ (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; (pl. &?;) an attendant, servant, physician. See Therapeutic.] (Eccl. Hist.) A name given to certain ascetics said to have anciently dwelt in the neighborhood of Alexandria. They are described in a work attributed to Philo, the genuineness and credibility of which are now much discredited.

 { Ther'a*peu


reconcile one's self to affictions.

3. To make consistent or congruous; to bring to agreement or suitableness; -- followed by with or to.

 The great men among the ancients understood how to reconcile manual labor with affairs of state.

Locke.
 Some figures monstrous and misshaped appear, Considered singly, or beheld too near; Which, but proportioned to their light or place, Due distance reconciles to form and grace.

Pope.
4. To adjust; to settle; as, to reconcile differences.

Syn. -- To reunite; conciliate; placate; propitiate; pacify; appease.

 Rec"on*cile', v. i. To become reconciled. [Obs.]

 Rec"on*cile'ment (-ment), n. Reconciliation. Milton.
 Rec"on*ci'ler (-s?'l?r), n. One who reconciles.

 Rec'on*cil'i*a"tion (-s?l'?*?"sh?n), n. [F. réconciliation, L. reconciliatio.] 1. The act of reconciling, or the state of being reconciled; reconcilenment; restoration to harmony; renewal of friendship.

Reconciliation and friendship with God really form the basis of all rational and true enjoyment.

S. Miller.
2. Reduction to congruence or consistency; removal of inconsistency; harmony.

 A clear and easy reconciliation of those seeming inconsistencies of Scripture.

D. Rogers.
Syn. -- Reconcilement; reunion; pacification; appeasement; propitiation; atonement; expiation.

 Rec'on*cil"i*a*to*ry (-s?l"?*?*t?*r?), a. Serving or tending to reconcile. Bp. Hall.
 Re*con'den*sa"tion (r?*k?n'd?n*s?"sh?n), n. The act or process of recondensing.

 Re'con*dense" (r'kn*dns"), v. t. To condense again.

 Rec"on*dite (r?k"?n*d?t or r?*k?n"d?t; 277), a. [L. reconditus, p. p. of recondere to put up again, to lay up, to conceal; pref. rere- + condere to bring or lay together. See Abscond.] 1.
 Hidden from the mental or intellectual view; secret; abstruse; as, recondite causes of things.

2. Dealing in things abstruse; profound; searching; as, recondite studies. "Recondite learning." Bp. Horsley.
 Re*con"di*to*ry (r?k?n"d?*t?*r?), n. [LL. reconditorium.] A repository; a storehouse. [Obs.] Ash.
 Re'con*duct" (r'kn*dkt"), v. t. To conduct back or again. "A guide to reconduct thy steps." Dryden.
 Re'con*firm" (-f?rm"), v. t. [Pref. re- + confirm: cf. F. reconfirmer.] To confirm anew. Clarendon.
 Re'con*fort" (-f?rt"), v. t. [F. réconforter.] To recomfort; to comfort. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Re'con*join" (r?'k?n*join"), v. t. To join or conjoin anew. Boyle.
 { Re*con"nois*sance, Re*con"nais*sance } (r?- k?n"n?s-s?ns), n. [F. See Recognizance.] The act of reconnoitering; preliminary examination or survey. Specifically: (a) (Geol.) An examination or survey of a region in reference to its general geological character. (b) (Engin.) An examination of a region as to its general natural features, preparatory to a more particular survey for the purposes of triangulation, or of determining the location of a public work. (c) (Mil.) An examination of a territory, or of an enemy's position, for the purpose of obtaining information necessary for directing military operations; a preparatory expedition.

Reconnoissance in force (Mil.), a demonstration or attack by a large force of troops for the purpose of discovering the position and strength of an enemy.

 { Rec'on*noi"ter, Rec'on*noi"tre } (r?k'?n*noi"t?r), v. t. [F. reconnoitre, a former spelling of reconnaître. See Recognize.] 1.
 To examine with the eye to make a preliminary examination or survey of; esp., to survey with a view to military or engineering operations.

2. To recognize. [Obs.] Sir H. Walpole.
 Re*con"quer (r?*k?n"k?r), v. t. [Pref. re- + conquer: cf. F. reconquérir.] To conquer again; to recover by conquest; as, to reconquer a revolted province.

 Re*con"quest (-kw?st), n. A second conquest.

 Re*con"se*crate (-k?n"s?*kr?t), v. t. To consecrate anew or again.

 Re*con'se*cra"tion, n. Renewed consecration.

 Re'con*sid"er (r?'k?n*s?d"?r), v. t. 1. To consider again; as, to reconsider a subject.

2. (Parliamentary Practice) To take up for renewed consideration, as a motion or a vote which has been previously acted upon.

 Re'con*sid'er*a"tion (-?"sh?n), n. The act of reconsidering, or the state of being reconsidered; as, the reconsideration of a vote in a legislative body.

 Re*con"so*late (r?*k?n"s?*l?t), v. t. To console or comfort again.
 [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.
 Re'con*sol"i*date (r?'k?n*s?l"?*d?t), v. t. To consolidate anew or again.

 Re'con*sol'i*da"tion (-d?"sh?n), n. The act or process of reconsolidating; the state of being reconsolidated.

 Re'con*struct" (-str?kt"), v. t. To construct again; to rebuild; to remodel; to form again or anew.

 Regiments had been dissolved and reconstructed.

Macaulay.
 Re'con*struc"tion (-str?k"sh?n), n. 1. The act of constructing again; the state of being reconstructed.

2. (U.S. Politics) The act or process of reorganizing the governments of the States which had passed ordinances of secession, and of reëstablishing their constitutional relations to the national government, after the close of the Civil War.

 Re'con*struct"ive (-str?k"t?v), a. Reconstructing; tending to reconstruct; as, a reconstructive policy.

 Re'con*tin"u*ance (-t?n"?*?ns), n. The act or state of recontinuing.

 Re'con*tin"ue (-?), v. t. & i. To continue anew.

 Re'con*vene" (r?'k?n*v?n"), v. t. & i. To convene or assemble again; to call or come together again.

 Re'con*ven"tion (-v?n"sh?n), n. (Civil Law) A cross demand; an action brought by the defendant against the plaintiff before the same judge. Burrill. Bouvier.
 Re'con*ver"sion (-v?r"sh?n), n. A second conversion.

 Re'con*vert" (-v?rt"), v. t. To convert again


list of books written by Robert Service is probably incomplete, possibly incorrect, but may serve as a starting point for those interested in his works.

 About the Author Robert William Service was born 16 January 1874 in Preston, England, but also lived in Scotland before emigrating to Canada in 1894. Service went to the Yukon Territory in 1904 as a bank clerk, and became famous for his poems about this region, which are mostly in his first two books of poetry. He wrote quite a bit of prose as well, and worked as a reporter for some time, but those writings are not nearly as well known as his poems. He travelled around the world quite a bit, and narrowly escaped from France at the beginning of the Second World War, during which time he lived in Hollywood, California. He died 11 September 1958 in France.

 Incidentally, he played himself in a movie called "The Spoilers", starring John Wayne and Marlene Dietrich.


frozen ridges of the Alps." Shak.
 Part rise crystal wall, or ridge direct.

Milton.
3. A raised line or strip, as of ground thrown up by a plow or left between furrows or ditches, or as on the surface of metal, cloth, or bone, etc.

4. (Arch.) The intersection of two surface forming a salient angle, especially the angle at the top between the opposite slopes or sides of a roof or a vault.

5. (Fort.) The highest portion of the glacis proceeding from the salient angle of the covered way. Stocqueler.
 Ridge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ridged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ridging.] 1. To form a ridge of; to furnish with a ridge or ridges; to make into a ridge or ridges.

 Bristles ranged like those that ridge the back Of chafed wild boars.

Milton.
2. To form into ridges with the plow, as land.

3. To wrinkle. "With a forehead ridged." Cowper.
 Ridge"band' (?), n. The part of a harness which passes over the saddle, and supports the shafts of a cart; -- called also ridgerope, and ridger. Halliwell.
 Ridge"bone' (?), n. The backbone. [Obs.]

 Blood... lying cluttered about the ridgebone.

Holland.
 Ridg"el (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Ridgelling.

 Ridge"let (?), n. A little ridge.

 Ridge"ling (?), n. [Prov. E. riggilt, riggot, ananimal half castrated, a sheep having only one testicle; cf. Prov. G. rigel, rig, a barrow hog, rigler a cock half castrated.] (Zoöl.)
 A half-castrated male animal.

 { Ridge"piece' (?), Ridge"plate' (?), } n. See Ridgepole.

 Ridge"pole' (?), n. (Arch.) The timber forming the ridge of a roof, into which the rafters are secured.

 Ridge"rope' (?), n. (Naut.) See Life line (a), under Life.

 Ridg"ing*ly (?), adv. So as to form ridges.

 Ridg"y (?), a. Having a ridge or ridges; rising in a ridge. "Lifted on a ridgy wave." Pope.
 Rid"i*cle (?), n. Ridicule. [Obs.] Foxe.
 Rid"i*cule (?), n. [F. ridicule, L. ridiculum a jest, fr. ridiculus. See Ridiculous.] 1. An object of sport or laughter; a laughingstock; a laughing matter.

 [Marlborough] was so miserably ignorant, that his deficiencies made him the ridicule of his contemporaries.

Buckle.
 To the people... but a trifle, to the king but a ridicule.

Foxe.
2. Remarks concerning a subject or a person designed to excite laughter with a degree of contempt; wit of that species which provokes contemptuous laughter; disparagement by making a person an object of laughter; banter; -- a term lighter than derision.

 We have in great measure restricted the meaning of ridicule, which would properly extend over whole region of the ridiculous, -- the laughable, -- and we have narrowed it so that in common usage it mostly corresponds to "derision", which does indeed involve personal and offensive feelings.

Hare.
 Safe from the bar, the pulpit, and the throne, Yet touched and shamed by ridicule alone.

Pope.
3. Quality of being ridiculous; ridiculousness. [Obs.]

 To see the ridicule of this practice.

Addison.
Syn. -- Derision; banter; raillery; burlesque; mockery; irony; satire; sarcasm; gibe; jeer; sneer. -- Ridicule, Derision, Both words imply disapprobation; but ridicule usually signifies good-natured, fun-loving opposition without manifest malice, while derision is commonly bitter and scornful, and sometimes malignant.

 Rid"i*cule, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ridiculed (?);p. pr.
 & vb. n. Ridiculing.] To laugh at mockingly or disparagingly; to awaken ridicule toward or respecting.

 I've known the young, who ridiculed his rage.

Goldsmith.
Syn. -- To deride; banter; rally; burlesque; mock; satirize; lampoon. See Deride.

 Rid"i*cule (?), a. [F.] Ridiculous. [Obs.]

 This action... became so ridicule.

Aubrey.
 Rid"i*cu'ler (?), n. One who ridicules.

 Ri*dic"u*lize (?), v. t. To make ridiculous; to ridicule. [Obs.] Chapman.
 Ri*dic'u*los"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being ridiculous; ridiculousness; also, something ridiculous. [Archaic] Bailey.
 Ri*dic"u*lous (?), a. [L. ridiculosus, ridiculus, fr.
 ridere to laigh. Cf. Risible.] 1. Fitted to excite ridicule; absurd and laughable; unworthy of serious consideration; as, a ridiculous dress or behavior.

 Agricola, discerning that those little targets and unwieldy glaives ill pointed would soon become ridiculous against the thrust and close, commanded three Batavian cohorts... to draw up and come to handy strokes.

Milton.
2. Involving or expressing ridicule. [r.]

 [It] provokes me to ridiculous smiling.

Shak.
Syn. -- Ludicrous; laughable; risible; droll; comical; absurd; preposterous. See Ludicrous.

 --- Ri*dic"u*lous*ly, adv. -- Ri*dic"u*lous*ness, n. Rid"ing (rd"ng), n. [For thriding, Icel. þriðjungr the third part, fr. þriði third, akin to E. third.
 See Third.] One of the three jurisdictions into which the county of York, in England, is divided; -- formerly under the government of a reeve. They are called the North, the East, and the West, Riding.
 Blackstone.
 Rid"ing, a. 1. Employed to travel; traveling; as, a riding clerk. "One riding apparitor." Ayliffe.
2. Used for riding on; as, a riding horse.

3. Used for riding, or when riding; devoted to riding; as, a riding whip; a riding habit; a riding day.

Riding clerk. (a) A clerk who traveled for a commercial house. [Obs. Eng.] (b) One of the "six clerks" formerly attached to the English Court of Chancery. -- Riding hood. (a) A hood formerly worn by women when riding. (b) A kind of cloak with a hood. -- Riding master, an instructor in horsemanship. -- Riding rhyme (Pros.), the meter of five accents, with couplet rhyme; -- probably so called from the mounted pilgrims described in the Canterbury Tales. Dr. Guest. -- Riding school, a school or place where the art of riding is taught.

 Rid"ing, n. 1. The act or state of one who rides.

2. A festival procession. [Obs.]

 When there any riding was in Cheap.

Chaucer.
3. Same as Ride, n., 3. Sir P. Sidney.
4. A district in charge of an excise officer. [Eng.]

 ||Ri*dot"to (?), n. [It., fr. LL. reductus a retreat


of low-heeled, light shoe. Cf. Sucket.] 1. The shoe worn by actors of comedy in ancient Greece and Rome, -- used as a symbol of comedy, or of the comic drama, as distinguished from tragedy, which is symbolized by the buskin.

 Great Fletcher never treads in buskin here, Nor greater Jonson dares in socks appear.

Dryden.
2. A knit or woven covering for the foot and lower leg; a stocking with a short leg.

3. A warm inner sole for a shoe. Simmonds.
 Sock*dol"a*ger (?), n. [A corruption of doxology.] [Written also sockdologer.] 1. That which finishes or ends a matter; a settler; a poser, as a heavy blow, a conclusive answer, and the like.
 [Slang, U.S.]

2. (Angling) A combination of two hooks which close upon each other, by means of a spring, as soon as the fish bites. [U. S.]

 Sock"et (?), n. [OE. soket, a dim. through OF. fr. L. soccus.
 See Sock a covering for the foot.] 1. An opening into which anything is fitted; any hollow thing or place which receives and holds something else; as, the sockets of the teeth.

 His eyeballs in their hollow sockets sink.

Dryden.
2. Especially, the hollow tube or place in which a candle is fixed in the candlestick.

 And in the sockets oily bubbles dance.

Dryden.
Socket bolt (Mach.), a bolt that passes through a thimble that is placed between the parts connected by the bolt. -- Socket chisel. Same as Framing chisel. See under Framing. -- Socket pipe, a pipe with an expansion at one end to receive the end of a connecting pipe. -- Socket pole, a pole armed with iron fixed on by means of a socket, and used to propel boats, etc. [U.S.] -- Socket wrench, a wrench consisting of a socket at the end of a shank or rod, for turning a nut, bolthead, etc., in a narrow or deep recess.

 Sock"et*ed (?), a. Having a socket. Dawkins.
 Sock"less, a. Destitute of socks or shoes. B. & Fl.
 Sock"y (?), a. Wet; soaky. [Prov. Eng.]

 So"cle (?), n. [F., fr. L. socculus, dim. of soccus.
 See Sock a covering for the foot. Cf. Zocco.] (Arch.) (a) A plain block or plinth forming a low pedestal; any base; especially, the base of a statue, column, or the like. See Plinth. (b) A plain face or plinth at the lower part of a wall. Oxf. Gloss.
 Soc"man (?), n.; pl. Socmen (#). [See Socage.] (O. Eng. Law) One who holds lands or tenements by socage; a socager. Cowell.
 Soc"man*ry (?), n. (O.E. Law) Tenure by socage.

 Soc"ome (?), n. [AS. scen, scn, searching, or the right of searching, the lord's court. See Soc.] (O.Eng. Law) A custom of tenants to grind corn at the lord's mill. Cowell.
 Soc"o*trine (?), a. Of or pertaining to Socotra, an island in the Indian Ocean, on the east coast of Africa. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Socotra.

 { So*crat"ic (?), So*crat"ic*al (?), } a. [L. Socraticus, Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;.] Of or pertaining to Socrates, the Grecian sage and teacher. (b. c. 469-399), or to his manner of teaching and philosophizing.

 The Socratic method of reasoning and instruction was by a series of questions leading the one to whom they were addressed to perceive and admit what was true or false in doctrine, or right or wrong in conduct.

 So*crat"ic*al*ly, adv. In the Socratic method.

 Soc"ra*tism (?), n. The philosophy or the method of Socrates.

 Soc"ra*tist (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;.] A disciple or follower of Socrates.

 Sod (?), n. (Zoöl.) The rock dove. [Prov. Eng.]

 Sod, obs. imp. of Seethe.

 Sod, n. [Akin to LG. sode, D. zode, OD. sode, soode, OFries. satha, and E. seethe. So named from its sodden state in wet weather. See Seethe.] That stratum of the surface of the soil which is filled with the roots of grass, or any portion of that surface; turf; sward.

 She there shall dress a sweeter sod Than Fancy's feet have ever trod.

Collins.
 Sod, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sodden; p. pr. & vb. n.
 Sodding.] To cover with sod; to turf.

 So"da (?), n. [It., soda, in OIt., ashes used in making glass, fr.
 L. solida, fem. of solidus solid; solida having probably been a name of glasswort. See Solid.] (Chem.) (a) Sodium oxide or hydroxide. (b) Popularly, sodium carbonate or bicarbonate.

Caustic soda, sodium hydroxide. -- Cooking soda, sodium bicarbonate. [Colloq.] -- Sal soda. See Sodium carbonate, under Sodium. -- Soda alum (Min.), a mineral consisting of the hydrous sulphate of alumina and soda. -- Soda ash, crude sodium carbonate; -- so called because formerly obtained from the ashes of sea plants and certain other plants, as saltwort (Salsola). See under Sodium. -- Soda fountain, an apparatus for drawing soda water, fitted with delivery tube, faucets, etc. -- Soda lye, a lye consisting essentially of a solution of sodium hydroxide, used in soap making. -- Soda niter. See Nitratine. -- Soda salts, salts having sodium for the base; specifically, sodium sulphate or Glauber's salts. -- Soda waste, the waste material, consisting chiefly of calcium hydroxide and sulphide, which accumulates as a useless residue or side product in the ordinary Leblanc process of soda manufacture; -- called also alkali waste. -- Soda water, originally, a beverage consisting of a weak solution of sodium bicarbonate, with some acid to cause effervescence; now, in common usage, a beverage consisting of water highly charged with carbon dioxide (carbonic acid). Fruit sirups, cream, etc., are usually added to give flavor. See Carbonic acid, under Carbonic. -- Washing soda, sodium carbonate. [Colloq.]

 So*da"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or containing, soda. "Sodaic powder." Ure.
 So"da*lite (?), n. [Soda + - lite: cf. F. sodalithe.]
 (Min.) A mineral of a white to blue or gray color, occuring commonly in dodecahedrons, also massive. It is a silicate of alumina and soda with some chlorine.

 So*dal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Sodalities (#). [L. sodalitas, fr. sodalis a comrade.] 1. A fellowship or fraternity; a brotherhood.

2. (R.C.Ch.) Specifically, a lay association for devotion or for charitable purposes.

 Sod*am"ide (?), n. (Chem.) A greenish or reddish crystalline substance, NaNH2, obtained by passing ammonia over heated sodium.

 Sod"den (?), a. [p. p. of Seethe.] Boiled; seethed; also, soaked; heavy with moisture; saturated; as, sodden beef; sodden bread; sodden fields.

 Sod"den, v. i. To be seeth


and fro + pace.] To roam. [Obs.]

 In this fair plot dispacing to and fro.

Spenser.
 Dis*pair" (?), v. t. To separate (a pair). [R.]

 I have... dispaired two doves.

Beau. & Fl.
 Dis*pand" (?), v. t. [L. dispandere to spread out; pref. dis- + pandere, pansum, to spread out.] To spread out; to expand.
 [Obs.] Bailey.
 Dis*pan"sion (?), n. [See Dispand.] Act of dispanding, or state of being dispanded. [Obs.]

 Dis*par"a*dised, a. Removed from paradise. [R.] Cockeram.
 Dis*par"age (?; 48), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disparaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disparaging (?).] [OF. desparagier, F. déparager, to marry unequally; pref. des- (L. dis-) + F. parage extraction, lineage, from L. par equal, peer.
 See Peer.] 1. To match unequally; to degrade or dishonor by an unequal marriage. [Obs.]

 Alas! that any of my nation Should ever so foul disparaged be.

Chaucer.
2. To dishonor by a comparison with what is inferior; to lower in rank or estimation by actions or words; to speak slightingly of; to depreciate; to undervalue.

 Those forbidding appearances which sometimes disparage the actions of men sincerely pious.

Bp. Atterbury.
 Thou durst not thus disparage glorious arms.

Milton.
Syn. -- To decry; depreciate; undervalue; underrate; cheapen; vilify; reproach; detract from; derogate from; degrade; debase. See Decry.

 Dis"pa*rage' (?), n. Inequality in marriage; marriage with an inferior. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Dissuaded her from such a disparage.

Spenser.
 Dis*par"age*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. desparagement.] 1.
 Matching any one in marriage under his or her degree; injurious union with something of inferior excellence; a lowering in rank or estimation. [Eng.]

 And thought that match a foul disparagement.

Spenser.
2. Injurious comparison with an inferior; a depreciating or dishonoring opinion or insinuation; diminution of value; dishonor; indignity; reproach; disgrace; detraction; -- commonly with to.

 It ought to be no disparagement to a star that it is not the sun.

South.
 Imitation is a disparagement and a degradation in a Christian minister.

I. Taylor.
Syn. -- Indignity; derogation; detraction; reproach; dishonor; debasement; degradation; disgrace.

 Dis*par"a*ger (?), n. One who disparages or dishonors; one who vilifies or disgraces.

 Dis*par"a*ging*ly (?), adv. In a manner to disparage or dishonor; slightingly.

 Dis"pa*rate (?), a. [L. disparatus, p. p. of disparare to part, separate; dis- + parare to make ready, prepare.] 1.
 Unequal; dissimilar; separate.

 Connecting disparate thoughts, purely by means of resemblances in the words expressing them.

Coleridge.
2. (Logic) Pertaining to two coördinate species or divisions.

 Dis"pa*rates (?), n. pl. Things so unequal or unlike that they can not be compared with each other.

 Dis'pa*ri"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. disparition.] Act of disappearing; disappearance. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
 Dis*par"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Disparities (#). [LL. disparitas, fr. L. dispar unlike, unequal; dis- + par equal: cf.
 F. disparité. See Par, Peer.] Inequality; difference in age, rank, condition, or excellence; dissimilitude; -- followed by between, in, of, as to, etc.; as, disparity in, or of, years; a disparity as to color.

 The disparity between God and his intelligent creatures.

I. Taylor.
 The disparity of numbers was not such as ought to cause any uneasiness.

Macaulay.
Syn. -- Inequality; unlikeness; dissimilitude; disproportion; difference.

 Dis*park" (?), v. t. 1. To throw (a park or inclosure); to treat (a private park) as a common.

 The Gentiles were made to be God's people when the Jews' inclosure was disparked.

Jer. Taylor.
2. To set at large; to release from inclosure.

 Till his free muse threw down the pale, And did at once dispark them all.

Waller.
 Dis*par"kle (?), v. t. [OF. desparpeillier.] To scatter abroad. [Obs.] Holland.
 Dis*part" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disparted; p. pr.
 & vb. n. Disparting.] [Pref. dis- + part: cf. OF. despartir.]
 To part asunder; to divide; to separate; to sever; to rend; to rive or split; as, disparted air; disparted towers. [Archaic] Them in twelve troops their captain did dispart.

Spenser.
 The world will be whole, and refuses to be disparted.

Emerson.
 Dis*part", v. i. To separate, to open; to cleave.

 Dis*part", n. 1. (Gun.) The difference between the thickness of the metal at the mouth and at the breech of a piece of ordnance.

 On account of the dispart, the line of aim or line of metal, which is in a plane passing through the axis of the gun, always makes a small angle with the axis.

Eng. Cys.
2. (Gun.) A piece of metal placed on the muzzle, or near the trunnions, on the top of a piece of ordnance, to make the line of sight parallel to the axis of the bore; -- called also dispart sight, and muzzle sight.

 Dis*part" (?), v. t. 1. (Gun.) To make allowance for the dispart in (a gun), when taking aim.

 Every gunner, before he shoots, must truly dispart his piece.

Lucar.
2. (Gun.) To furnish with a dispart sight.

 Dis*pas"sion (?), n. Freedom from passion; an undisturbed state; apathy. Sir W. Temple.
 Dis*pas"sion*ate (?), a. 1. Free from passion; not warped, prejudiced, swerved, or carried away by passion or feeling; judicial; calm; composed.

 Wise and dispassionate men.

Clarendon.
2. Not dictated by passion; not proceeding from temper or bias; impartial; as, dispassionate proceedings; a dispassionate view.

Syn. -- Calm; cool; composed serene; unimpassioned; temperate; moderate; impartial; unruffled.

 -- Dis*pas"sion*ate*ly, adv. -- Dis*pas"sion*ate*ness, n. Dis*pas"sioned (?), a. Free from passion; dispassionate. [R.] "Dispassioned men." Donne.
 Dis*patch" (?; 224), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dispatched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dispatching.] [OF. despeechier


sa music is different from most primitive music I have heard either in America or Luzon. The player beats 4/4 time, with the accent on the third beat. Though there may be twenty gang′-sa in the dance circle a mile distant, yet the regular pulse and beat of the third count is always the prominent feature of the sound. The music is rapid, there being from fifty-eight to sixty full 4/4 counts per minute.
It is impossible for me to represent Igorot music, instrumental or vocal, in any adequate manner, but I may convey a somewhat clearer impression of the rhythm if I attempt to represent it mathematically. It must be kept in mind that all the gang′-sa are beaten regularly and in perfect time—there is no such thing as half notes.
The gang′-sa is struck at each italicized count, and each unitalicized count represents a rest, the accent represents the accented beat of the gang′-sa. The ka′-los is usually beaten without accent and without rest. Its beats are 1, 2, 3, 4; 1, 2, 3, 4; 1, 2, 3, 4; 1, 2, 3, 4; etc. The co-ong′-an is usually beaten with both accent and rest. It is generally as follows: 1, 2, 3′, 4; 1, 2, 3′, 4; 1, 2, 3′, 4; 1, 2, 3′, 4; etc. Sometimes, however, only the first count and again the first and second counts are struck on the individual co-ong′-an, but there is no accent unless the third is struck. Thus it is sometimes as follows: 1, 2, 3, 4; 1, 2, 3, 4; 1, 2, 3, 4; 1, 2, 3, 4; etc.; and again 1, 2, 3, 4; 1, 2, 3, 4; 1, 2, 3, 4; 1, 2, 3, 4; 1, 2, 3, 4; etc. However, the impression the hearer receives from a group of players is always of four rapid beats, the third one being distinctly accented. A considerable volume of sound is produced by the gang′-sa of the central part of the area; it may readily be heard a mile, if beaten in the open air.
In pueblos toward the western part of the area, as in Balili, Alap, and their neighbors, the instrument is played differently and the sound carries only a few rods. Sometimes the player sits in very un-Malayan manner, with legs stretched out before him, and places the gang′-sa bottom up on his lap. He beats it with the flat of both hands, producing the rhythmic pulse by a deadening or smothering of a beat.
Again the gang′-sa is held in the air, usually as high as the face, and one or two soft beats, just a tinkle, of the 4/4 time are struck on the inside of the gang′-sa by a small, light stick. Now and then the player, after having thoroughly acquired the rhythm, clutches the instrument under his arm for a half minute while he continues his dance in perfect time and rhythm.
The lover's "jews'-harp," made both of bamboo and of brass, is found throughout the Bontoc area. It is played near to and in the olag wherein the sweetheart of the young man is at the time. The instrument, called in Bontoc "ab-a′-fü," is apparently primitive Malayan, and is found widespread in the south seas and Pacific Ocean.
Page 192 The brass instrument, the only kind I ever saw in use except as a semitoy in the hands of small boys, is from 2 to 3 inches in length, and has a tongue, attached at one end, cut from the middle of the narrow strip of metal. (The Igorot make the ab-a′-fü of metal cartridges.) A cord is tied to the instrument at the end at which the tongue is attached, and this the player jerks to vibrate the tongue. The instrument is held at the mouth, is lightly clasped between the lips, and, as the tongue vibrates, the player breathes a low, soft tune through the instrument. One must needs get within 2 or 3 feet of the player to catch the music, but I must say after hearing three or four men play by the half hour, that they produce tunes the theme of which seems to me to bespeak a genuine musical taste.
I have seen a few crude bamboo flutes in the hands of young men, but none were able to play them. I believe they are of Ilokano introduction.
A long wooden drum, hollow and cannon-shaped, and often 3 feet and more long and about 8 inches in diameter, is common in Benguet, and is found in Lepanto, but is not found or known in Bontoc. A skin stretched over the large end of the drum is beaten with the flat of the hands to accompany the music of the metal drums or gang′-sa, also played with the flat of the hands, as described, in pueblos near the western border of Bontoc area.
Vocal music The Igorot has vocal music, but in no way can I describe it—to say nothing of writing it. I tried repeatedly to write the words of the songs, but failed even in that. The chief cause of failure is that the words must be sung—even the singers failed to repeat the songs word after word as they repeat the words of their ordinary speech. There are accents, rests, lengthened sounds, sounds suddenly cut short—in fact, all sorts of vocal gymnastics that clearly defeated any effort to "talk" the songs.
I believe many of the songs are wordless; they are mere vocalizations—the "tra la la" of modern vocal music; they may be the first efforts to sing.
I was told repeatedly that there are four classes of songs, and only four. The mang-ay-u-wĕng′, the laborer's song, is sung in the field and trail. The mang-ay-yĕng′ is said to be the class of songs rendered at all ceremonies, though I believe the doleful funeral songs are of another class. The mang-ay-lu′-kay and the tĭng-ao′ I know nothing of except in name.
Most of the songs seem serious. I never heard a mother or other person singing to a babe. However, boys and young men, friends with locked arms or with arms over shoulders, often sing happy songs as they walk along together. They often sing in "parts," and the music Page 193produced by a tenor and a bass voice as they sing their parts in rhythm, and with very apparent appreciation of harmony, is fascinating and often very pleasing.
Dancing The Bontoc Igorot dances in a circle, and he follows the circle contraclockwise. There is no dancing without gang′-sa music, and it is seldom that a man dances unless he plays a gang′-sa. The dance step is slower than the beats on the gang′-sa; there is one complete "step" to every full 4/4 count. At times the "step" is simply a high-stepping slow run, really a springing prance. Again it is a hitching movement with both feet close to the earth, and one foot behind the other. The line of dancers, well shown in Pls. CXXXI, CLI, and CLII, passes slowly around the circle, now and again following the leader in a spiral movement toward the center of the circle and then uncoiling backward from the center to the path. Now and again the line moves rapidly for half the distance of the circumference, and then slowly backs a short distance, and again it all but stops while the men stoop forward and crouch stealthily along as though in ambush, creeping on an enemy.
In all this dancing there is perfect rhythm in music and movements. There is no singing or even talking—the dance is a serious but pleasurable pastime for those participating.
As is shown also by the illustrations, the women dance. They throw their blankets about them and extend their arms, usually clutching tobacco leaves in either hand—which are offerings to the old men and which some old man frequently passes among them and collects—and they dance with less movement of the feet than do the men. Generally the toes scarcely leave the earth, though a few of the older women invariably dance with a high movement and backward pawing of one foot which throws the dust and gravel over all behind them. I have more than once seen the dance circle a cloud of dust raised by one pawing woman, and


asparagus tips, and a few strips of tarragon.

 No. 21. Soup alla Lombarda Ingredients: Clear soup, fowl forcemeat, Bechamel (No. 3), peas, lobster butter, eggs, asparagus.

 Make a firm forcemeat of fowl and divide it into three parts, to the first add two spoonsful of cream Bechamel, to the second four spoonsful of puree of green peas, to the third two spoonsful of lobster butter and the yolk of an egg; thus you will have the Italian colours, red, white, and green.
 Butter a pie dish and make little quenelles of the forcemeat. Just before serving boil them for four minutes in boiling stock, take them out carefully and put them in a warm soup tureen with two spoonsful of cooked green peas and pour a very fresh clear soup over them. Hand little croutons fried in lobster butter separately.

 No. 22. Tuscan Soup Ingredients: Stock, eggs.

 Whip up three or four eggs, gradually add good stock to them, and keep on whisking them up until they begin to curdle. Keep the soup hot in a bain-marie.

 No. 23. Venetian Soup Ingredients: Clear soup, butter, flour, Parmesan, eggs.

 Make a roux by frying two ounces of butter and two ounces of flour, add an ounce of grated cheese and half a cup of good stock. Mix up well so as to form a paste, and then take it off the fire and add the yolks of four eggs, mix again and form the again and form the paste into little quenelles. Boil these in a little soup, strain off, put them into the tureen and pour a good clear soup over them.

 No. 24. Roman Soup Ingredients: Stock, butter, eggs, salt, crumb of bread, parsley, nutmeg, flour, Parmesan.

 Mix three and a half ounces of butter with two eggs and four ounces of crumbs of bread soaked in stock, a little chopped parsley, salt, and a pinch of nutmeg. Reduce this and add two tablespoonsful of flour and one of grated Parmesan. Form this into little quenelles and boil them in stock for a few minutes put them into a tureen and pour a good clear soup over them.

 No. 25. Soup alla Nazionale Ingredients: Clear soup, savoury custard.

 Make a savoury custard and divide it into three parts, one to be left white, another coloured red with tomato, and the third green with spinach.
 Put a layer of each in a buttered saucepan and cook for about ten minutes, cut it into dice, so that you have the three Italian colours (red, white, and green) together, then put the custard into a soup tureen and pour a good clear soup over it.

 No. 26. Soup alla Modanese Ingredients: Stock, spinach, butter, salt, eggs, Parmesan, nutmeg, croutons.

 Wash one pound of spinach in five or six waters, then chop it very fine and mix it with three ounces of butter, salt it and warm it up. Then let it get cold, pass through a hair sieve, and add two eggs, a tablespoonful of grated Parmesan, and very little nutmeg. Add this to some boiling stock in a copper saucepan, put on the lid, and on the top put some hot coals so that the eggs may curdle and help to thicken the soup. Serve with fried croutons.

 No. 27. Crotopo Soup Ingredients: Clear soup, veal, ham, eggs, salt, pepper, nutmeg, rolls.

 Pound half a pound of lean veal in a mortar, then add three ounces of cooked ham with some fat in it, the yolk of an egg, salt, pepper, and very little nutmeg. Pass through a sieve, cut some small French rolls into slices, spread them with the above mixture, and colour them in the oven.
 Then cut them in halves or quarters, put them into a tureen, and just before serving pour a very good clear soup over them.

 No. 28. Soup all'Imperatrice Ingredients: Breast of fowl, eggs, salt, pepper, ground rice, nutmeg, clear stock.

 Pound the breast of a fowl in a mortar, and add to it a teaspoonful of ground rice, the yolk of an egg, salt, pepper, and a pinch of nutmeg. Pass this through a sieve, form quenelles with it, and pour a good clear soup over them.

 No. 29. Neapolitan Soup Ingredients: Fowl, potato flour, eggs, Bechamel sauce, peas, asparagus, spinach, clear soup.

 Mix a quarter pound of forcemeat of fowl with a tablespoonful of potato flour, a tablespoonful of Bechamel sauce (No. 3), and the yolk of an egg; put this into a tube about the size round of an ordinary macaroni; twenty minutes before serving squirt the forcemeat into a saucepan with boiling stock, and nip off the forcemeat as it comes through the pipe into pieces about an inch and a half long. Let it simmer, and add boiled peas and asparagus tips. If you like to have the fowl macaroni white and green, you can colour half the forcemeat with a spoonful of spinach colouring. Serve in a good clear soup.

 No. 30. Soup with Risotto Ingredients: Risotto (No. 189), eggs, bread crumbs, clear or brown soup.

 If you have some good risotto left, you can use it up by making it into little balls the size of small nuts. Egg and bread crumb and fry them in butter; dry them and put them into a soup tureen with hot soup. The soup may be either clear or brown.

 No. 31. Soup alla Canavese Ingredients: White stock, butter, onions, carrot, celery, tomato, cauliflower, fat bacon, parsley, sage, Parmesan, salt, pepper.

 Chop up half an onion, half a carrot, half a stick of celery, a small bit of fat bacon, and fry them in two ounces of butter. Then cover them with good white stock, boil for a few minutes, pass through a sieve, and add two tablespoonsful of tomato puree. Then blanch half a cauliflower in salted water, let it get cold, drain all the water out of it, and break it up into little bunches and put them into a stock pot with the stock, a small leaf of dried sage, crumbled up, and a little chopped parsley, and let it all boil; add a pinch of grated cheese and some pepper. Serve with grated Parmesan handed separately.

 No. 32. Soup alla Maria Pia Ingredients: White stock, eggs, butter, peas, white beans, carrot, onion, leeks, celery, cream croutons.

 Soak one pound of white beans for twelve hours, then put them into a stock pot with a little salt, butter, and water, add a carrot, an onion, two leeks, and a stick of celery, and simmer until the vegetables are well cooked; then take out all the fresh vegetables, drain the beans and pass them through a sieve, but first dilute them with good stock. Put this puree into a stock pot with good white stock, and when it has boiled keep it hot in a bain-marie until you are about to serve; then mix the yolk of three eggs in a cup of cream, and add this to the soup. Pour the soup into a warm tureen, add some boiled green peas, and serve with fried croutons handed separately.

 No. 33. Zuppa d' Erbe (Lettuce Soup) Ingredients: Stock, sorrel, endive, lettuce, chervil, celery, carrot, onion, French roll, Parmesan cheese.

 Boil the following vegetables and herbs in very good stock for an hour: Two small bunches of sorrel, a bunch of endive


Transcribed from the 1911 Duckworth and Co. edition by David Price, email _EMAIL_ Book cover The Grey Brethren And Other Fragments in Prose and Verse By Michael Fairless Author of 'The Roadmender' Decorative graphic London Duckworth and Co.
3 Henrietta Street, W.C.
1911 Third Impression All rights reserved p. vPrefatory Note There is need to ask indulgence for this little book, because at first sight it seems to possess no other unity than that of type and cover. The root of its unity lies deeper, deeper even than any of subject or of method; it lies in the personal gift, the communication of heart to heart, which is the secret of charm in all the author's work. For this reason its publication is justified.
The papers, poems, and stories it contains have, with two exceptions, appeared elsewhere, most of them in p. vi'The Pilot,' where the Roadmender found his first welcome and his literary home.
The fairy-tales were told by word of mouth to one child and another of widely differing ages; and three of them were afterwards published in 'The Parents' Review.' 'The Grey Brethren' is from 'The Commonwealth.' The Christmas papers and poems were brought out as a booklet by Messrs Mowbray & Son.
The author's characteristic quality is best displayed in these last, and in 'The Grey Brethren,' but there will be interest for many readers in the rest of the book as well. That which afterwards became a firm artistic touch is seen in its uncertain beginning in 'By Rivers and Streams'; p. viiand the delightful headlong humour of 'The Dreadful Griffin' (invented for the "boy named Cecco Hewlett," of whom Mr Barrie speaks in his 'Little White Bird') will shew Michael Fairless in a new light to those who have known her only in her books.
Some of the many readers who have found her there will understand me when I say that the story of her life and death, and of her life too (as I believe) after death, is written down in the little tale of 'The Tinkle-Tinkle,' first told to her best beloved in the wild garden at Kew, among blue hyacinths and shining grasses of the spring that spoke to her of Paradise.
M. E. D. Contents PAGE Prefatory Note v The Grey Brethren 1 A Song of Low Degree 13 A German Christmas Eve 15 A Christmas Idyll 27 The Manifestation 43 All Souls' Day in a German Town 52 By Rivers and Streams 55 Spring 68 A Lark's Song 72 'Luvly Miss' 75 FOUR STORIES TOLD TO CHILDREN The Dreadful Griffin 85 The Discontented Daffodils 103 The Fairy Fluffikins 128 The Story of the Tinkle-Tinkle 138 p. 1The Grey Brethren Some of the happiest remembrances of my childhood are of days spent in a little Quaker colony on a high hill.
The walk was in itself a preparation, for the hill was long and steep and at the mercy of the north-east wind; but at the top, sheltered by a copse and a few tall trees, stood a small house, reached by a flagged pathway skirting one side of a bright trim garden.
I, with my seven summers of lonely, delicate childhood, felt, when I gently closed the gate behind me, that I shut myself into Peace. The house was always somewhat dark, and there were no domestic sounds. The two old ladies, sisters, both born in the last century, sat in the cool, dim parlour, netting or sewing. Rebecca was small, with a nut-cracker nose and chin; Mary, tall and dignified, needed no velvet under the net cap. I can feel now the touch of the cool dove-coloured silk against my cheek, as I sat on the floor, watching the nimble fingers with the shuttle, and listened as Mary read aloud a letter received that morning, describing a meeting of the faithful and the 'moving of the Spirit' among them. I had a mental picture of the 'Holy Heavenly Dove,' with its wings of silvery grey, hovering over my dear old ladies; and I doubt not my vision was a true one.
Once as I watched Benjamin, the old gardener—a most 'stiff-backed Friend' despite his stoop and his seventy years—putting scarlet geraniums and yellow fever-few in the centre bed, I asked, awe-struck, whether such glowing colours were approved; and Rebecca smiled and said—"Child, dost thee not think the Lord may have His glories?" and I looked from the living robe of scarlet and gold to the dove-coloured gown, and said: "Would it be pride in thee to wear His glories?" and Mary answered for her—"The change is not yet; better beseems us the ornament of a meek and quiet spirit." The 'change from glory to glory' has come to them both long since, but it seems to me as if their robes must still be Quaker-grey.
Upstairs was the invalid daughter and niece. For years she had been compelled to lie on her face; and in that position she had done wonderful drawings of the High Priest, the Ark of the Covenant, and other Levitical figures. She had a cageful of tame canary-birds which answered to their names and fed from her plate at meal-times. Of these I remember only Roger, a gorgeous fellow with a beautiful voice and strong will of his own, who would occasionally defy his mistress from the secure fastness of a high picture-frame, but always surrendered at last, and came to listen to his lecture with drooping wings.
A city of Peace, this little house, for the same severely-gentle decorum reigned in the kitchen as elsewhere: and now, where is such a haunt to be found?
In the earlier part of this century the Friends bore a most important witness. They were a standing rebuke to rough manners, rude speech, and to the too often mere outward show of religion. No one could fail to be impressed by the atmosphere of peace suggested by their bearing and presence; and the gentle, sheltered, contemplative lives lived by most of them undoubtedly made them unusually responsive to spiritual influence. Now, the young birds have left the parent nest and the sober plumage and soft speech; they are as other men; and in a few short years the word Quaker will sound as strange in our ears as the older appellation Shaker does now.
This year I read for the first time the Journal of George Fox. It is hard to link the rude, turbulent son of Amos with the denizens in my city of Peace; but he had his work to do and did it, letting breezy truths into the stuffy 'steeple-houses' of the 'lumps of clay.' "Come out from among them and be ye separate; touch not the accursed thing!" he thundered; and out they came, obedient to his stentorian mandate; but alack, how many treasures in earthen vessels did they overlook in their terror of the curse! The good people made such haste to flee the city, that they imagined themselves as having already, in the spirit, reached the land that is very far off; and so they cast from them the outward and visible signs which are vehicles, in this material world, of inward graces. Measureless are the uncovenanted blessings of God; and to these the Friends have ever borne a witness of power; but now the Calvinist intruder no longer divides the sheep from the goats in our churches; now the doctrine of universal brotherhood and the respect due to all men are taught much more effectively than when George Fox refused to doff his hat to the Justice; the quaint old speech has lost its significance, the dress would imply all the vainglory that the wearer desires to avoid; the young Quakers of this generation are no longer 'disciplined' in matters of the common social life; yet still they remain separate.
We of the outward and visible covenant need them, with their inherited mysticism, ordered contemplation, and spiritual vision; we need them for ourselves. The mother they have left yearns for them, and with all her faults—faults the greater


D. Webster.
 ||Ru*ba"to (?), a. [It.] Robbed; borrowed.

||Temple rubato. [It.] (Mus.) Borrowed time; -- a term applied to a style of performance in which some tones are held longer than their legitimate time, while others are proportionally curtailed.

 Rub"bage (?; 48), n. Rubbish. [Obs.]

 Rub"ber (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, rubs.
 Specifically: (a) An instrument or thing used in rubbing, polishing, or cleaning. (b) A coarse file, or the rough part of a file. (c) A whetstone; a rubstone. (d) An eraser, usually made of caoutchouc. (e) The cushion of an electrical machine. (f) One who performs massage, especially in a Turkish bath. (g) Something that chafes or annoys; hence, something that grates on the feelings; a sarcasm; a rub. Thackeray.
2. In some games, as whist, the odd game, as the third or the fifth, when there is a tie between the players; as, to play the rubber; also, a contest determined by the winning of two out of three games; as, to play a rubber of whist. Beaconsfield. "A rubber of cribbage." Dickens.
3. India rubber; caoutchouc.

4. An overshoe made of India rubber. [Colloq.]

Antimony rubber, an elastic durable variety of vulcanized caoutchouc of a red color. It contains antimony sulphide as an important constituent. -- Hard rubber, a kind of vulcanized caoutchouc which nearly resembles horn in texture, rigidity, etc. -- India rubber, caoutchouc. See Caoutchouc. -- Rubber cloth, cloth covered with caoutchouc for excluding water or moisture. -- Rubber dam (Dentistry), a shield of thin sheet rubber clasped around a tooth to exclude saliva from the tooth.

 Rub"bidge (?), n. Rubbish. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
 Rub"bing, a. & n. from Rub, v. Rub"bish (?), n. [OE. robows, robeux, rubble, originally an Old French plural from an assumed dim. of robe, probably in the sense of trash; cf. It. robaccia trash, roba stuff, goods, wares, robe. Thus, etymologically rubbish is the pl.
 of rubble. See Robe, and cf. Rubble.] Waste or rejected matter; anything worthless; valueless stuff; trash; especially, fragments of building materials or fallen buildings; ruins; débris.

 What rubbish and what offal!

Shak.
 he saw the town's one half in rubbish lie.

Dryden.
Rubbish pulley. See Gin block, under Gin.

 Rub"bish (?), a. Of or pertaining to rubbish; of the quality of rubbish; trashy. De Quincey.
 Rub"ble (?), n. [From an assumed Old French dim. of robe See Rubbish.] 1. Water-worn or rough broken stones; broken bricks, etc., used in coarse masonry, or to fill up between the facing courses of walls.

 Inside [the wall] there was rubble or mortar.

Jowett (Thucyd.).
2. Rough stone as it comes from the quarry; also, a quarryman's term for the upper fragmentary and decomposed portion of a mass of stone; brash. Brande & C.
3. (Geol.) A mass or stratum of fragments or rock lying under the alluvium, and derived from the neighboring rock. Lyell.
4. pl. The whole of the bran of wheat before it is sorted into pollard, bran, etc. [Prov. Eng.] Simmonds.
Coursed rubble, rubble masonry in which courses are formed by leveling off the work at certain heights.

 Rub"ble*stone' (?), n. See Rubble, 1 and 2.

 Rub"ble*work' (?), n. Masonry constructed of unsquared stones that are irregular in size and shape.

 Rub"bly (?), a. Relating to, or containing, rubble.

 Ru*bed"i*nous (?), a. [L. rubedo redness, fr. rubere to be red.] Reddish. [R.] M. Stuart.
 Ru'be*fa"cient (?), a. [L. rubefaciens, p. pr. of rubefacere to make red; rubere to be red + facere to make.] Making red.
 -- n. (Med.) An external application which produces redness of the skin.

 Ru'be*fac"tion (?), n. The act or process of making red.

 Ru"be*let (r"b*lt), n. A little ruby. Herrick.
 ||Ru*bel"la (?), n. [NL., fr. L. rubellus reddish.] (Med.)
 An acute specific disease with a dusky red cutaneous eruption resembling that of measles, but unattended by catarrhal symptoms; -- called also German measles.

 Ru*belle" (?), n. [L. rubellus reddish.] A red color used in enameling. Weale.
 Ru"bel*lite (?), n. [L. rubellus reddish, dim. of ruber red.] (Min.) A variety of tourmaline varying in color from a pale rose to a deep ruby, and containing lithium.

 ||Ru*be"o*la (?), n. [NL., fr. L. ruber red.] (Med.)
(a) the measles. (b) Rubella.

 Ru'ber*y*thrin"ic (?), a. [L. ruber red + erythrin.]
 (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid extracted from madder root. It is a yellow crystalline substance from which alizarin is obtained.

 Ru*bes"cence (?), n. The quality or state of being rubescent; a reddening; a flush.

 Ru*bes"cent (?), a. [L. rubescens, -entis, p. pr. of rubescere to grow red, v. incho from rubere to be red: cf.
 F. rubescent. See Ruby.] Growing or becoming red; tending to redness.

 Ru'bi*a"ceous (?), a. [L. rubia madder, fr. rubeus red.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a very large natural order of plants (Rubiaceæ) named after the madder (Rubia tinctoria), and including about three hundred and seventy genera and over four thousand species. Among them are the coffee tree, the trees yielding peruvian bark and quinine, the madder, the quaker ladies, and the trees bearing the edible fruits called genipap and Sierre Leone peach, besides many plants noted for the beauty or the fragrance of their blossoms.

 Ru"bi*a*cin (?), n. [L. rubia madder, fr. rubeus red.] (Chem) A substance found in madder root, and probably identical with ruberythrinic acid.

 Ru"bi*an (?), n. [L. rubia madder, fr. rubeus red.]
 (Chem.) One of several color-producing glycosides found in madder root.

 Ru'bi*an"ic (?), a. (Chem.) pertaining to, or derived from, rubian; specifically, designating an acid called also ruberythrinic acid. [Obs.]

 Ru" bi*ble (?), n. A ribble. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Ru"bi*can (?), a. [F.] Colored a prevailing red, bay, or black, with flecks of white or gray especially on the