played for practice, on maps. Farrow.
 Kris (?), n. A Malay dagger. See Creese.

 ||Krish"na (&?;), n. [Skr. ksha.] (Hindoo Myth.) The most popular of the Hindoo divinities, usually held to be the eighth incarnation of the god Vishnu.

 Kri"tarch*y (kr"tärk*), n. [Gr. krith's judge + 'archh' beginning, government.] The rule of the judges over Israel.

 Samson, Jephthah, Gideon, and other heroes of the kritarchy.

Southey.
 Kro*kid"o*lite (kr*kd"*lt), n. (Min.) See Crocidolite.

 ||Kro"ne (kr"n), n. [Dan.] A coin of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, of the value of about twenty-eight cents. See Crown, n., 9.

 Kroo"man (kr"man), n.; pl. Kroomen (-men).
 One of a negro tribe of Liberia and the adjacent coast, whose members are much employed on shipboard.

 Krul"ler (?), n. See Cruller.

 { Krumm"horn', Krum"horn' } (krm"hôrn'), n. [G. krummhorn cornet; krumm crooked + horn horn.] (Mus.) (a) A reed instrument of music of the cornet kind, now obsolete (see Cornet, 1, a.). (b) A reed stop in the organ; -- sometimes called cremona.

 Krupp" gun" (?). A breech-loading steel cannon manufactured at the works of Friedrich Krupp, at Essen in Prussia. Guns of over eight-inch bore are made up of several concentric cylinders; those of a smaller size are forged solid. Knight.
 Kry"o*lite (?), n. (Min.) See Cryolite.

 Ksar (zär), n. See Czar.

 { Ksha"tri*ya (?), Ksha"tru*ya (?), } n. [Skr. kshatriya one belonging to the military caste.] The military caste, the second of the four great Hindoo castes; also, a member of that caste. See Caste. [India] ||Ku"da (?), n. (Zoöl.) The East Indian tapir. See Tapir.

 ||Ku"dos (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ky^dos glory.] Glory; fame; renown; praise. W. H. Russel.
 Ku"dos, v. t. To praise; to extol; to glorify. "Kudos'd egregiously." [R.] Southey.
 ||Ku"du (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Koodoo.

 Ku"fic (?), a. See Cufic.

 ||Ku*kang" (?), n. (Zoöl.) [Native name.] The slow lemur. See Lemur.

 Ku'klux" (?), n. The name adopted in the southern part of the United States by a secret political organization, active for several years after the close of the Civil War, and having for its aim the repression of the political power of the freedmen; -- called also Kuklux Klan.

 Ku"lan (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Koulan.

 { Ku"mish (?), Ku"miss (?), } n. See Koumiss.

 Kum"mel (?), n. [G. kümmel cumin, caraway seed, L. cuminum.
 Cf. Cumin.] A Russian and German liqueur, consisting of a sweetened spirit flavored with caraway seeds.

 Kum"quat (?), n. [Chin. kin keu.] (Bot.) A small tree of the genus Citrus (C. Japonica) growing in China and Japan; also, its small acid, orange-colored fruit used for preserves.

 ||Kup"fer*nick"el (?), n. [G. See Copper, and Nickel.] (Min.)
 Copper-nickel; niccolite. See Niccolite.

 Kurd (?), n. A native or inhabitant of a mountainous region of Western Asia belonging to the Turkish and Persian monarchies. [Written also Koord.]

 Kurd"ish, a. Of or pertaining to the Kurds. [Written also Koordish.]

 Ku*ril"i*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Kurile Islands, a chain of islands in the Pacific ocean, extending from the southern extremity of Kamschatka to Yesso. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of the Kurile Islands. [Written also Koorilian.]

 ||Kur"saal' (?), n. [G.] A public hall or room, for the use of visitors at watering places and health resorts in Germany.

 Ku'si*man"se (?), n. (Zoöl.) A carnivorous animal (Crossarchus obscurus) of tropical Africa. It its allied to the civets. Called also kusimansel, and mangue.

 Kus"kus (?), [Per. & Hind. khaskhas.] (Bot.) See Vetiver.

 Kus"si*er (?), n. (Mus.) A Turkish instrument of music, with a hollow body covered with skin, over which five strings are stretched.
 [Written also kussir.]

 Ku*tauss" (?), n. (Zoöl.) The India civet (Viverra zibetha).

 Kutch (?), n. (Goldbeating) The packet of vellum leaves in which the gold is first beaten into thin sheets.

 Kutch, n. See Catechu.

 Ky (?), n. pl. Kine. [Scot.] See Kee, Kie, and Kine.

 Ky'a*bo"ca wood' (?). (Bot.) (a) Amboyna wood. (b) Sandalwood (Santalum album).

 Ky"a*nite (?), n. See Cyanite.

 Ky"an*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Kyanized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Kyanizing (?).] [From Mr. Kyan, the inventor of the process.] To render (wood) proof against decay by saturating with a solution of corrosive sublimate in open tanks, or under pressure.

 Ky"a*nol (?), n. [See Cyanite.] (Chem.) (a) Aniline.
 [Obs.] (b) A base obtained from coal tar. Ure.
 Ky*an"o*phyll (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Cyanophyll.

 Kyar (?), n. Cocoanut fiber, or the cordage made from it. See Coir.

 Kyaw (?), n. (Zoöl.) A daw. [Scot.]

 Kyd (?), p. p. of Kythe.

 Kyd"de (&?;), imp. of Kythe, to show. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Spenser erroneously uses kydst to mean "knowest."

 Kyke (?), v. i. [See 1st Kike.] To look steadfastly; to gaze.
 [Obs.] [Written also kike, keke.]

 This Nicholas sat ever gaping upright, As he had kyked on the newe moon.

Chaucer.
 Ky"ley (?), n. A variety of the boomerang.

 Ky"loes (?), n. pl. The cattle of the Hebrides, or of the Highlands. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
 Kym"nel (?), n. See Kimnel. [Obs.] Chapman.
 Ky"mo*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?; wave + -graph.] (Physiol.)
 An instrument for measuring, and recording graphically, the pressure of the blood in any of the blood vessels of a living animal; -- called also k


presence of inter-digital pits or glands on all four feet has been thought to characterise the genus Ovis, and their absence to be characteristic of the genus Capra; but Mr. Hodgson has found that they exist in the front feet of the majority of Himalayan goats.[104] Mr. Hodgson measured the intestines in two goats of the Dúgú race, and he found that the proportional length of the great and small intestines differed considerably. In one of these goats the cæcum was thirteen inches, and in the other no less than thirty-six inches in length!

REFERENCES [1] Hermann von Nathusius 'Die Racen des Schweines,' Berlin, 1860; and 'Vorstudien für Geschichte,' etc., 'Schweineschädel,' Berlin, 1864. Rütimeyer, 'Die Fauna der Pfahlbauten,' Basel, 1861.
 [2] Nathusius, 'Die Racen des Schweines,' Berlin, 1860. An excellent appendix is given with references to published and trustworthy drawings of the breeds of each country.
 [3] For Europe see Bechstein, 'Naturgesch. Deutschlands,' 1801, B. i., s.
505. Several accounts have been published on the fertility of the offspring from wild and tame swine. See Burdach's 'Physiology,' and Godron 'De l'Espèce,' tom. i. p. 370. For Africa, 'Bull. de la Soc. d'Acclimat.' tom. iv.
p. 389. For India, see Nathusius, 'Schweineschädel,' s. 148.
 [4] Sir W. Elliot, Catalogue of Mammalia, 'Madras Journal of Lit. and Science,' vol. x. p. 219.
 [5] 'Pfahlbauten,' s. 163 et passim.
 [6] See J. W. Schütz' interesting essay, 'Zur Kenntniss des Torfschweins,' 1868. This author believes that the Torfschwein is descended from a distinct species, the S. sennariensis of Central Africa.
 [7] Stan. Julien quoted by de Blainville, 'Ostéographie,' p. 163.
 [8] Richardson, 'Pigs, their Origin,' etc., p. 26.
 [9] 'Die Racen des Schweines' s. 47, 64.
 [10] 'Proc. Zoolog. Soc.,' 1861, p. 263.
 [11] Sclater, in 'Proc. Zoolog. Soc.,' Feb. 26, 1861.
 [12] 'Proc. Zoolog. Soc.,' 1862, p. 13. The skull has since been described much more fully by Professor Lucae in a very interesting essay, 'Der Schädel des Maskenschweines,' 1870. He confirms the conclusion of von Nathusius on the relationship of this kind of pig.
 [13] 'Journal of Voyages and Travels from 1821 to 1829,' vol. i. p. 300.
 [14] Rev. G. Low 'Fauna Orcadensis,' p. 10. See also Dr. Hibbert's account of the pig of the Shetland Islands.
 [15] 'Die Racen des Schweines' s. 70.
 [16] These woodcuts are copied from engravings given in Mr. S. Sidney's excellent edition of 'The Pig,' by Youatt, 1860. See pp. 1, 16, 19.
 [17] 'Schweineschädel' s. 74, 135.
 [18] Nathusius, 'Die Racen des Schweines,' s. 71.
 [19] 'Die Racen des Schweines,' s. 47. 'Schweineschädel' s. 104. Compare, also, the figures of the old Irish and the improved Irish breeds in Richardson on 'The Pig,' 1847.
 [20] Quoted by Isid. Geoffroy, 'Hist. Nat. Gén.,' tom. iii. p. 441.
 [21] S. Sidney, 'The Pig,' p. 61.
 [22] 'Schweineschädel,' s. 2, 20.
 [23] 'Proc. Zoolog. Soc.,' 1837, p. 23. I have not given the caudal vertebræ, as Mr.
Eyton says some might possibly have been lost. I have added together the dorsal and lumbar vertebræ, owing to Prof. Owen's remarks ('Journal Linn. Soc.,' vol.
ii. p. 28) on the difference between dorsal and lumbar vertebræ depending only on the development of the ribs. Nevertheless the difference in the number of the ribs in pigs deserves notice. M. Sanson gives the number of lumbar vertebræ in various pigs; 'Comptes Rendus,' lxiii. p. 843.
 [24] 'Edinburgh New Philosoph. Journal,' April, 1863. See also De Blainville's 'Ostéographie,' p. 128, for various authorities on this subject.
 [25] Eudes-Deslongchamps, 'Mémoires de la Soc. Linn. de Normandie,' vol. vii., 1842, p. 41. Richardson, 'Pigs, their Origin, etc.,' 1847, p. 30. Nathusius, 'Die Racen des Schweines,' 1863, s. 54.
 [26] D. Johnson's 'Sketches of Indian Field Sports,' p. 272. Mr. Crawfurd informs me that the same fact holds good with the wild pigs of the Malay peninsula.
 [27] For Turkish pigs see Desmarest, 'Mammalogie,' 1820, p. 391. For those of Westphalia see Richardson's 'Pigs, their Origin, etc.,' 1847, p. 41.
 [28] With respect to the several foregoing and following statements on feral pigs, see Roulin, in 'Mém. présentés par divers Savans a l'Acad.,' etc., Paris, tom. vi. 1835, p. 326. It should be observed that his account does not apply to truly feral pigs; but to pigs long introduced into the country and living in a half-wild state. For the truly feral pigs of Jamaica, see Gosse's 'Sojourn in Jamaica,' 1851, p. 386; and Col. Hamilton Smith, in 'Nat.
Library,' vol. ix. p. 93. With respect to Africa see Livingstone's 'Expedition to the Zambesi,' 1865, p. 153. The most precise statement with respect to the tusks of the West Indian feral boars is by P. Labat (quoted by Roulin); but this author attributes the state of these pigs to descent from a domestic stock which he saw in Spain. Admiral Sulivan, R.N., had ample opportunities of observing the wild pigs on Eagle Islet in the Falklands; and he informs me that they resembled wild boars with bristly ridged backs and large tusks. The pigs which have run wild in the province of Buenos Ayres (Rengger 'Säugethiere,' s. 331) have not reverted to the wild type. De Blainville ('Ostéographie,' p. 132) refers to two skulls of domestic pigs sent from Patagonia by Al. d'Orbigny, and he states that they have the occipital elevation of the wild European boar, but that the head altogether is "plus courte et plus ramassée." He refers, also, to the skin of a feral pig from North America, and says "il ressemble tout à fait à un petit sanglier, mais il est presque tout noir, et peut-être un peu plus ramassé dans ses formes." [29] Gosse's 'Jamaica,' p. 386, with a quotation from Williamson's 'Oriental Field Sports.' Also Col. Hamilton Smith, in 'Naturalist Library,' vol. ix. p.


& Sw. lunga, Dan. lunge, all prob. from the root of E. light. √125.
 See Light not heavy.] (Anat.) An organ for aërial respiration; -- commonly in the plural.

 My lungs began to crow like chanticleer.

Shak.
 In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the esophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive saclike character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax. See Respiration.

Lung fever (Med.), pneumonia. -- Lung flower (Bot.), a species of gentian (G. Pneumonanthe). -- Lung lichen (Bot.), tree lungwort. See under Lungwort. -- Lung sac (Zoöl.), one of the breathing organs of spiders and snails.

 Lunge (?), n. [Also spelt longe, fr. allonge. See Allonge, Long.] A sudden thrust or pass, as with a sword.

 Lunge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lunged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Lunging (?).] To make a lunge.

 Lunge, v. t. To cause to go round in a ring, as a horse, while holding his halter. Thackeray.
 Lunge, n. (Zoöl.) Same as Namaycush.

 Lunged (?), a. Having lungs, or breathing organs similar to lungs.

 Lung"fish' (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any fish belonging to the Dipnoi; -- so called because they have both lungs and gills.

 Lung"-grown' (?), a. (Med.) Having lungs that adhere to the pleura.

 Lun"gie (?), n. (Zoöl.) A guillemot. [Written also longie.]
 [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
 Lun"gis (?), n. [OF. longis. See Lounge.] A lingerer; a dull, drowsy fellow. [Obs.]

 Lung"less (?), a. Being without lungs.

 ||Lun"goor (?), n. [Hind. langr.] (Zoöl.) A long-tailed monkey (Semnopithecus schislaceus), from the mountainous districts of India.

 Lung"worm' (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of parasitic nematoid worms which infest the lungs and air passages of cattle, sheep, and other animals, often proving fatal. The lungworm of cattle (Strongylus micrurus) and that of sheep (S. filaria) are the best known.

 Lung"wort' (?), n. (Bot.) (a) An herb of the genus Pulmonaria (P. officinalis), of Europe; -- so called because the spotted appearance of the leaves resembles that of a diseased lung. (b) Any plant of the genus Mertensia (esp. M. Virginica and M. Sibirica) plants nearly related to Pulmonaria. The American lungwort is Mertensia Virginica, Virginia cowslip. Gray.
Cow's lungwort mullein. -- Sea lungwort, Mertensia maritima, found on the seacoast of Northern Europe and America. -- Tree lungwort, a lichen (Sticta pulmonacea) growing on trees and rocks. The thallus is lacunose, and in appearance somewhat resembles the lungs, for diseases of which it was once thought a remedy.

 Lu"ni*cur"rent (?), a. [L. luna moon + E. current.]
 Having relation to changes in currents that depend on the moon's phases.
 Bache.
 Lu"ni*form (?), a. [L. luna moon + -form: cf. F. luniforme.]
 Resembling the moon in shape.

 Lu"ni*so"lar (?), a. [L. luna moon + E. solar: cf. F.
 lunisolaire.] Resulting from the united action, or pertaining to the mutual relations, of the sun and moon.

Lunisolar precession (Astron.), that portion of the annual precession of the equinoxes which depends on the joint action of the sun and moon. -- Lunisolar year, a period of time, at the end of which, in the Julian calendar, the new and full moons and the eclipses recur on the same days of the week and month and year as in the previous period. It consists of 532 common years, being the least common multiple of the numbers of years in the cycle of the sun and the cycle of the moon.

 Lu"ni*stice (?), n. [L. luna moon + sistere to cause to stand. Cf. Solstice.] (Astron.) The farthest point of the moon's northing and southing, in its monthly revolution. [Obs.]

 Lu"ni*tid'al (?), a. Pertaining to tidal movements dependent on the moon. Bache.
Lunitidal interval. See Retard, n. Lunt (?), n. [D. lont; akin to Dan. & G. lunte, Sw. lunta. Cf. Link a torch.] 1. The match cord formerly used in firing cannon.

2. A puff of smoke. [Scotch.] Burns.
 ||Lu"nu*la (?), n.; pl. Lunulæ (#). [L., prop., a little moon. See Lunule.] (Anat. & Zoöl.) Same as Lunule.

 Lu"nu*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. lunulaire. See Lunula.] (Bot.)
 Having a form like that of the new moon; shaped like a crescent.

 { Lu"nu*late (?), Lu"nu*la'ted (?), } a. [See Lunula.] (Bot.
 & Zoöl.) Resembling a small crescent. Gray.
 Lu"nule (?), n. [F., fr. L. lunula, dim. of luna moon.] 1. (Anat.) Anything crescent-shaped; a crescent-shaped part or mark; a lunula; a lune.

2. (Chem.) A lune. See Lune.

3. (Zoöl.) (a) A small or narrow crescent. (b) A special area in front of the beak of many bivalve shells. It sometimes has the shape of a double crescent, but is oftener heart-shaped. See Illust.
 of Bivalve.

 Lu"nu*let (?), n. [Dim. of lunule.] (Zoöl.) A small spot, shaped like a half-moon or crescent; as, the lunulet on the wings of many insects.

 Lu"nu*lite (?), n. [Lunule + -life: cf. F. lunulithe.
 See Lunula.] (Paleon.) Any bryozoan of the genus Lunulites, having a more or less circular form.

 Lu"ny (?), a. [Shortened fr. lunatic.] Crazy; mentally unsound. [Written also loony.] [Low, U.S.]

 Lu*per"cal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Lupercalia.

 Lu*per"cal, n. A grotto on the Palatine Hill sacred to Lupercus, the Lycean Pan.

 ||Lu'per*ca"li*a (?), n. pl. [L. luperealis, fr. Lupercus the Lycean Pan, so called fr. lup


ucket looked up into his face with a happy laugh.

 "I guess I shall," she said. "I know I've got a good pilot."


Old Statutes of Eng.) A bold, stout robber, or night thief; -- said to be so called from Robin Hood.

 Rob"ert (?), n. (Bot.) See Herb Robert, under Herb.

 Rob"in (?), n. [Properly a pet name for Robert, originally meaning, famebright; F., fron OHG. Roudperht; ruod (in comp.; akin to AS. hr&?;&?; glory, fame, Goth. hr&?;peigs victorius) + beraht bright. See Bright, Hob a clown.] (Zoöl.)
(a) A small European singing bird (Erythacus rubecula), having a reddish breast; -- called also robin redbreast, robinet, and ruddock. (b) An American singing bird (Merula migratoria), having the breast chestnut, or dull red. The upper parts are olive-gray, the head and tail blackish. Called also robin redbreast, and migratory thrush. (c) Any one of several species of Australian warblers of the genera Petroica, Melanadrays, and allied genera; as, the scarlet-breasted robin (Petroica mullticolor). (d) Any one of several Asiatic birds; as, the Indian robins. See Indian robin, below.

Beach robin (Zoöl.), the robin snipe, or knot. See Knot.
 -- Blue-throated robin. (Zoöl.) See Bluethroat. - - Canada robin (Zoöl.), the cedar bird. -- Golden robin (Zoöl.), the Baltimore oriole. -- Ground robin (Zoöl.), the chewink. -- Indian robin (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Asiatic saxoline birds of the genera Thamnobia and Pratincola.
 They are mostly black, usually with some white on the wings. -- Magrie robin (Zoöl.), an Asiatic singing bird (Corsycus saularis), having the back, head, neck, and breast black glossed with blue, the wings black, and the belly white. -- Ragged robin. (Bot.)
 See under Ragged. -- Robin accentor (Zoöl.), a small Asiatic singing bird (Accentor rubeculoides), somewhat resembling the European robin. -- Robin redbreast. (Zoöl.) (a) The European robin. (b) The American robin. (c) The American bluebird. -- Robin snipe. (Zoöl.) (a) The red-breasted snipe, or dowitcher. (b) The red-breasted sandpiper, or knot. -- Robin's plantain. (Bot.) See under Plantain. -- Sea robin. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of American gurnards of the genus Prionotus. They are excellent food fishes. Called also wingfish. The name is also applied to a European gurnard. (b) The red-breasted merganser, or sheldrake. [Local, U.S.] -- Water robin (Zoöl.), a redstart (Ruticulla fuliginosa), native of India.

 Rob"i*net (?), n. 1. (Zoöl.) (a) The chaffinch; -- called also roberd. (b) The European robin.

2. A military engine formerly used for throwing darts and stones.

 Rob"ing (?), n. The act of putting on a robe.

Robing room, a room where official robes are put on, as by judges, etc.

 Rob"in Good"fel'low (?). A celebrated fairy; Puck. See Puck. Shak.
 ||Ro*bin"i*a (?), n. [NL. So called after Jean Robin, a French herbalist.] (Bot.) A genus of leguminous trees including the common locust of North America (Robinia Pseudocacia).

 Rob"o*rant (?), a. [L. roborans, p. pr. See Roborate.]
 Strengthening. -- n. (Med.) A strengthening medicine; a tonic.

 Rob"o*rate (?), v. t. [L. roboratus, p. pr. of roborare to strengthen, fr. robur, roboris, strength.] To give strength or support to; to confirm. [Obs.] Fuller.
 Rob'o*ra"tion (?), n. [LL. roboratio.] The act of strengthening. [Obs.] Coles.
 { Ro*bo"re*an (?), Ro*bo"re*ous (?), } a. [L. roboreus.]
 Made of oak. [Obs.]

 Ro*bust" (?), a. [L. robustus oaken, hard, strong, fr. robur strength, a very hard kind of oak; cf. Skr. rabhas violence: cf. F.
 robuste.] 1. Evincing strength; indicating vigorous health; strong; sinewy; muscular; vigorous; sound; as, a robust body; robust youth; robust health.

 2. Violent; rough; rude.

 While romp-loving miss Is hauled about in gallantry robust.

Thomson.
3. Requiring strength or vigor; as, robust employment. Locke.
Syn. -- Strong; lusty; sinewy; sturdy; muscular; hale; hearty; vigorous; forceful; sound. -- Robust, Strong. Robust means, literally, made of oak, and hence implies great compactness and toughness of muscle, connected with a thick-set frame and great powers of endurance. Strong denotes the power of exerting great physical force. The robust man can bear heat or cold, excess or privation, and toil on through every kind of hardship; the strong man can lift a great weight, can give a heavy blow, and a hard gripe. "Robust, tough sinews bred to toil." Cowper.
 Then 'gan the villain wax so fierce and strong, That nothing may sustain his furious force.

Spenser.
 Ro*bus"tious (?), a. [Cf. L. robusteus of oak.] Robust.
 [Obs. or Humorous] W. Irving.
 In Scotland they had handled the bishops in a more robustious manner.

Milton.
 -- Ro*bus"tious*ly, adv. -- Ro*bus"tious*ness, n. Ro*bust"ly, adv. In a robust manner.

 Ro*bust"ness, n. The quality or state of being robust.

 Roc (?), n. [Ar. & Per. rokh or rukh. Cf. Rook a castle.] A monstrous bird of Arabian mythology. [Written also rock, and rukh.] Brande & C. Roc"am*bole (?), n. [F.] [Written also rokambole.] (Bot.)
 A name of Allium Scorodoprasum and A. Ascalonium, two kinds of garlic, the latter of which is also called shallot.

 Roc*cel"lic (?), a. [F. roccellique, fr. roccelle archil, It. & NL. roccella, fr. It. rocca a rock, because archil grows on rock.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a dibasic acid of the oxalic series found in archil (Roccella tinctoria, etc.), and other lichens, and extracted as a white crystalline substance C17H32O4.

 Roc*cel"lin (?), n. A red dyestuff, used as a substitute for cochineal, archil, etc. It consists of the sodium salt of a complex azo derivative of naphtol.

 Roche (?), n. [See Rock.] Rock. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Roche" al'um (?). (Chem.) A kind of alum occuring in small fragments; -- so called from Rocca, in Syria, whence alum is said


form of trenchier to cut. Cf. Trench, v. t.] 1. A knife; a cutting tool. Tusser.
2. A small ornament, as a jewel, ring, or the like.

3. A thing of little value; a trifle; a toy.

 Trin"ket, v. i. To give trinkets; hence, to court favor; to intrigue. [Obs.] South.
 Trin"ket*er (?), n. One who trinkets. [Obs.]

 Trin"ket*ry (?), n. Ornaments of dress; trinkets, collectively.

 No trinketry on front, or neck, or breast.

Southey.
 Trin"kle (?), v. i. To act secretly, or in an underhand way; to tamper. [Obs.] Wright.
 Tri*noc"tial (?), a. [L. trinoctialis for three nights; tri- (see Tri-) + nox, noctis, night.] Lasting during three nights; comprising three nights.

 Tri*nod"al (?), a. [L. trinodis threeknotted; tri- (see Tri-) + nodus knot.] 1. (Bot.) Having three knots or nodes; having three points from which a leaf may shoot; as, a trinodal stem.

2. (Geom.) Having three nodal points.

 Tri*no"mi*al (?), n. [Pref. tri- + -nomial as in binomial: cf. F. trinôme.] (Math.) A quantity consisting of three terms, connected by the sign + or -; as, x + y + z, or ax + 2b - c2.

 Tri*no"mi*al, a. (Math.) Consisting of three terms; of or pertaining to trinomials; as, a trinomial root.

 Tri*nom"i*nal (?), n. & a. [Pref. tri- + L. nomen, nominis, name: cf. L. trinominis threenamed.] (Math.)
 Trinomial.

 ||Tri*nu"cle*us (?), n. [Pref. tri- + nucleus.] (Paleon.)
 A genus of Lower Silurian trilobites in which the glabella and cheeks form three rounded elevations on the head.

 Tri"o (?), n. [It., fr. L. tres, tria, three: cf. F. trio, from the Italian. See Three.] 1. Three, considered collectively; three in company or acting together; a set of three; three united.

 The trio were well accustomed to act together, and were linked to each other by ties of mutual interest.

Dickens.
2. (Mus.) (a) A composition for three parts or three instruments. (b) The secondary, or episodical, movement of a minuet or scherzo, as in a sonata or symphony, or of a march, or of various dance forms; — not limited to three parts or instruments.

 { Tri*ob"o*lar (?), Tri*ob"o*la*ry (?), } a. [LL. triobolaris, fr. L. triobolus a piece of three oboli, Gr. &?;. See Tri-, and Obolus.] Of the value of three oboli; hence, mean; worthless. [Obs.]

 It may pass current... for a triobolar ballad.

Cheyne.
 Tri*oc"tile (-k"tl), n. [Pref. tri- + octile.] (Astrol.)
 An aspect of two planets with regard to the earth when they are three octants, or three eighths of a circle, that is, 135 degrees, distant from each other. Hutton.
 ||Tri*œ"ci*a (-"sh*), n. pl. [NL. See Triœcious.] (Bot.)
 The third order of the Linnæan class Polygamia.

 Tri*œ"cious (-shs), a. [Pref. tri- + Gr. &?; house.] (Bot.) Having three sorts of flowers on the same or on different plants, some of the flowers being staminate, others pistillate, and others both staminate and pistillate; belonging to the order Triœcia.

 Tri"ole (tr"l), n. [See Triolet.] (Mus.) Same as Triplet.

 Tri*o"le*in (tr*"l*n), n. [Pref. tri- + olein.] (Physiol.
 Chem.) See Olein.

 Tri"o*let (tr"*lt), n. [F. triolet. See Trio.] A short poem or stanza of eight lines, in which the first line is repeated as the fourth and again as the seventh line, the second being, repeated as the eighth. Brande & C.
 ||Tri*on'y*choi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Trionyx, and -old.] (Zoöl.)
 A division of chelonians which comprises Trionyx and allied genera; — called also Trionychoides, and Trionychina.

 ||Tri*on"yx (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; (see Tri-) + &?; a claw.] (Zoöl.) A genus of fresh-water or river turtles which have the shell imperfectly developed and covered with a soft leathery skin. They are noted for their agility and rapacity. Called also soft tortoise, soft-shell tortoise, and mud turtle.

 The common American species (Trionyx, or Aspidonectus, ferox) becomes over a foot in length and is very voracious. Similar species are found in Asia and Africa.

 Tri"or (?), n. (Law) Same as Trier, 2 and 3.

 Tri*ox"ide (?), n. [Pref. tri- + oxide.] (Chem.)
 An oxide containing three atoms of oxygen; as, sulphur trioxide, SO3; — formerly called tritoxide.

 Trip (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tripped (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Tripping.] [OE. trippen; akin to D. trippen, Dan. trippe, and E. tramp. See Tramp.]

1. To move with light, quick steps; to walk or move lightly; to skip; to move the feet nimbly; — sometimes followed by it. See It, 5.

 This horse anon began to trip and dance.

Chaucer.
 Come, and trip it, as you go, On the light fantastic toe.

Milton.
 She bounded by, and tripped so light They had not time to take a steady sight.

Dryden.
2. To make a brief journey or pleasure excursion; as, to trip to Europe.

3. To take a quick step, as when in danger of losing one's balance; hence, to make a false step; to catch the foot; to lose footing; to stumble.

4. Fig.: To be guilty of a misstep; to commit an offense against morality, propriety, or rule; to err; to mistake; to fail. "Till his tongue trip." Locke.
 A blind will thereupon comes to be led by a blind understanding; there is no remedy, but it must trip and stumble.

South.
 Virgil is so exact in every word that none can be changed but for a worse; he pretends sometimes to trip, but it is to make you think him in danger when most secure.

Dryden.
 What? dost thou verily trip upon a word?

R. Browning.
 Trip, v. t. 1. To cause to stumble, or take a false step; to cause to lose the footing, by striking the feet from under; to cause to fall; to throw off the balance; to supplant; — often followed by up; as, to trip up a man in wrestling


," she added, with one of her swift swoops of thought, "what was that funny title the British Secretary of Legation had?" "What? Oh, Captain the Honorable Carey Knowles?" "Yes. Well, I shall have a much nicer, more picturesque title than that when we come back to Caracuña—dear, dirty, dangerous, queer, riotous, plague-stricken old Caracuña!" "Then my liege ladylove intends to come back?" he asked.
"Of course. Some time. And in Caracuña I shall insist on being Mrs. the Unspeakable Perk." THE END


roideum) found in moist, dark woods in the northern part of the United States. Gray. -- Ground plan (Arch.), a plan of the ground floor of any building, or of any floor, as distinguished from an elevation or perpendicular section. -- Ground plane, the horizontal plane of projection in perspective drawing. -- Ground plate. (a) (Arch.) One of the chief pieces of framing of a building; a timber laid horizontally on or near the ground to support the uprights; a ground sill or groundsel. (b) (Railroads) A bed plate for sleepers or ties; a mudsill. (c) (Teleg.) A metallic plate buried in the earth to conduct the electric current thereto. Connection to the pipes of a gas or water main is usual in cities. Knight. -- Ground plot, the ground upon which any structure is erected; hence, any basis or foundation; also, a ground plan.
 -- Ground plum (Bot.), a leguminous plant (Astragalus caryocarpus) occurring from the Saskatchewan to Texas, and having a succulent plum-shaped pod. -- Ground rat. (Zoöl.) See Ground pig (above). -- Ground rent, rent paid for the privilege of building on another man's land. -- Ground robin. (Zoöl.)
 See Chewink. -- Ground room, a room on the ground floor; a lower room. Tatler. -- Ground sea, the West Indian name for a swell of the ocean, which occurs in calm weather and without obvious cause, breaking on the shore in heavy roaring billows; -- called also rollers, and in Jamaica, the North sea. -- Ground sill. See Ground plate (a) (above). -- Ground snake (Zoöl.), a small burrowing American snake (Celuta amœna). It is salmon colored, and has a blunt tail. -- Ground squirrel. (Zoöl.)
(a) One of numerous species of burrowing rodents of the genera Tamias and Spermophilus, having cheek pouches. The former genus includes the Eastern striped squirrel or chipmunk and some allied Western species; the latter includes the prairie squirrel or striped gopher, the gray gopher, and many allied Western species. See Chipmunk, and Gopher. (b) Any species of the African genus Xerus, allied to Tamias. -- Ground story. Same as Ground floor (above). -- Ground substance (Anat.), the intercellular substance, or matrix, of tissues. -- Ground swell. (a) (Bot.) The plant groundsel. [Obs.] Holland. (b) A broad, deep swell or undulation of the ocean, caused by a long continued gale, and felt even at a remote distance after the gale has ceased. -- Ground table. (Arch.)
 See Earth table, under Earth. -- Ground tackle (Naut.), the tackle necessary to secure a vessel at anchor. Totten. -- Ground thrush (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of bright-colored Oriental birds of the family Pittidæ. See Pitta. -- Ground tier. (a) The lowest tier of water casks in a vessel's hold. Totten.
(b) The lowest line of articles of any kind stowed in a vessel's hold. (c) The lowest range of boxes in a theater. -- Ground timbers (Shipbuilding) the timbers which lie on the keel and are bolted to the keelson; floor timbers. Knight. -- Ground tit.
 (Zoöl.) See Ground wren (below). - - Ground wheel, that wheel of a harvester, mowing machine, etc., which, rolling on the ground, drives the mechanism. -- Ground wren (Zoöl.), a small California bird (Chamæa fasciata) allied to the wrens and titmice. It inhabits the arid plains. Called also ground tit, and wren tit. -- To bite the ground, To break ground.
 See under Bite, Break. -- To come to the ground, To fall to the ground, to come to nothing; to fail; to miscarry. -- To gain ground.
 (a) To advance; to proceed forward in conflict; as, an army in battle gains ground. (b) To obtain an advantage; to have some success; as, the army gains ground on the enemy. (c) To gain credit; to become more prosperous or influential. -- To get, or To gather, ground, to gain ground. [R.] "Evening mist... gathers ground fast." Milton.
 There is no way for duty to prevail, and get ground of them, but by bidding higher.

South.
 -- To give ground, to recede; to yield advantage.

 These nine... began to give me ground.

Shak.
 -- To lose ground, to retire; to retreat; to withdraw from the position taken; hence, to lose advantage; to lose credit or reputation; to decline. -- To stand one's ground, to stand firm; to resist attack or encroachment. Atterbury. -- To take the ground to touch bottom or become stranded; -- said of a ship.

 Ground (ground), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grounded; p. pr.
 & vb. n. Grounding.] 1. To lay, set, or run, on the ground.

2. To found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, reason, or principle; to furnish a ground for; to fix firmly.

 Being rooted and grounded in love.

Eph. iii. 17.
 So far from warranting any inference to the existence of a God, would, on the contrary, ground even an argument to his negation.

Sir W. Hamilton 3. To instruct in elements or first principles.

4. (Elec.) To connect with the ground so as to make the earth a part of an electrical circuit.

5. (Fine Arts) To cover with a ground, as a copper plate for etching (see Ground, n., 5); or as paper or other materials with a uniform tint as a preparation for ornament.

 Ground, v. i. To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed; as, the ship grounded on the bar.

 Ground, imp. & p. p. of Grind.

Ground cock, a cock, the plug of which is ground into its seat, as distinguished from a compression cock. Knight. -- Ground glass, glass the transparency of which has been destroyed by having its surface roughened by grinding. -- Ground joint, a close joint made by grinding together two pieces, as of metal with emery and oil, or of glass with fine sand and water.

 Ground"age (?), n. A local tax paid by a ship for the ground or space it occupies while in port. Bouvier.
 Ground"ed*ly, adv. In a grounded or firmly established manner. Glanvill.
 Ground"en (?), obs. p. p. of Grind. Chaucer.
 Ground"ing, n. The act, method, or process of laying a groundwork or foundation; hence, elementary instruction; the act or process of applying a ground, as of color, to wall paper, cotton cloth, etc.; a basis.

 Ground"less, a. [AS. grundleás bottomless.] Without ground or foundation; wanting cause or reason for support; not authorized; false; as, groundless fear; a groundless report or assertion. -- Ground"less*ly, adv. -- Ground"less*ness, n. Ground"ling, n. [Ground + - ling.] 1. (Zoöl.)
 A fish that keeps at the bottom of the water, as the loach.

2. A spectator in the pit of a theater, which formerly was on the ground, and without floor or benches.

 No comic buffoon to make the groundlings laugh.

Coleridge.
 Ground"ly, adv. Solidly; deeply; thoroughly. [Obs.]

 Those whom princes do once groundly hate, Let them provide to die as sure us fate.


planes. -- Bench show, an exhibition of dogs. -- Bench table (Arch.), a projecting course at the base of a building, or round a pillar, sufficient to form a seat.

 Bench (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Benched (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Benching.] 1. To furnish with benches.

 'T was benched with turf. Dryden.
 Stately theaters benched crescentwise. Tennyson.
2. To place on a bench or seat of honor.

 Whom I... have benched and reared to worship. Shak.
 Bench, v. i. To sit on a seat of justice. [R.] Shak.
 Bench"er (&?;), n. 1. (Eng. Law) One of the senior and governing members of an Inn of Court.

2. An alderman of a corporation. [Eng.] Ashmole.
3. A member of a court or council. [Obs.] Shak.
4. One who frequents the benches of a tavern; an idler. [Obs.]

 Bench" war'rant (&?;). (Law) A process issued by a presiding judge or by a court against a person guilty of some contempt, or indicted for some crime; -- so called in distinction from a justice's warrant.

 Bend (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bended or Bent (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Bending.] [AS. bendan to bend, fr. bend a band, bond, fr. bindan to bind. See Bind, v. t., and cf.
 3d & 4th Bend.] 1. To strain or move out of a straight line; to crook by straining; to make crooked; to curve; to make ready for use by drawing into a curve; as, to bend a bow; to bend the knee.

2. To turn toward some certain point; to direct; to incline. "Bend thine ear to supplication." Milton.
 Towards Coventry bend we our course. Shak.
Bending her eyes... upon her parent. Sir W. Scott.
3. To apply closely or with interest; to direct.

 To bend his mind to any public business. Temple.
 But when to mischief mortals bend their will. Pope.
4. To cause to yield; to render submissive; to subdue. "Except she bend her humor." Shak.
5. (Naut.) To fasten, as one rope to another, or as a sail to its yard or stay; or as a cable to the ring of an anchor. Totten.
To bend the brow, to knit the brow, as in deep thought or in anger; to scowl; to frown. Camden.
Syn. -- To lean; stoop; deflect; bow; yield.

 Bend, v. i. 1. To be moved or strained out of a straight line; to crook or be curving; to bow.

 The green earth's end Where the bowed welkin slow doth bend.
Milton.
2. To jut over; to overhang.

 There is a cliff, whose high and bending head Looks fearfully in the confined deep. Shak.
3. To be inclined; to be directed.

 To whom our vows and wished bend. Milton.
4. To bow in prayer, or in token of submission.

 While each to his great Father bends. Coleridge.
 Bend, n. [See Bend, v. t., and cf. Bent, n.] 1.
 A turn or deflection from a straight line or from the proper direction or normal position; a curve; a crook; as, a slight bend of the body; a bend in a road.

2. Turn; purpose; inclination; ends. [Obs.]

 Farewell, poor swain; thou art not for my bend. Fletcher.
3. (Naut.) A knot by which one rope is fastened to another or to an anchor, spar, or post. Totten.
4. (Leather Trade) The best quality of sole leather; a butt.
 See Butt.

5. (Mining) Hard, indurated clay; bind.

6. pl. (Med.) same as caisson disease. Usually referred to as the bends.

Bends of a ship, the thickest and strongest planks in her sides, more generally called wales. They have the beams, knees, and foothooks bolted to them. Also, the frames or ribs that form the ship's body from the keel to the top of the sides; as, the midship bend.

 Bend, n. [AS. bend. See Band, and cf. the preceding noun.]
 1. A band. [Obs.] Spenser.
2. [OF. bende, bande, F. bande. See Band.] (Her.)
 One of the honorable ordinaries, containing a third or a fifth part of the field. It crosses the field diagonally from the dexter chief to the sinister base.

Bend sinister (Her.), an honorable ordinary drawn from the sinister chief to the dexter base.

 Bend"a*ble (&?;), a. Capable of being bent.

 Bend"er (&?;), n. 1. One who, or that which, bends.

2. An instrument used for bending.

3. A drunken spree. [Low, U. S.] Bartlett.
4. A sixpence. [Slang, Eng.]

 Bend"ing, n. The marking of the clothes with stripes or horizontal bands. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Bend"let (&?;), n. [Bend + - let: cf. E. bandlet.]
 (Her.) A narrow bend, esp. one half the width of the bend.

 Bend"wise (&?;), adv. (Her.) Diagonally.

 Ben"dy (&?;), a. [From Bend a band.] (Her.) Divided into an even number of bends; -- said of a shield or its charge. Cussans.
 Ben"e (&?;), n. (Bot.) See Benne.

 Be"ne (&?;), n. [AS. bn.] A prayer; boon. [Archaic] What is good for a bootless bene? Wordsworth.
 { ||Bene, Ben } (&?;), n. [Native name.] (Zoöl.) A hoglike mammal of New Guinea (Porcula papuensis).

 Be*neaped" (&?;), a. (Naut.) See Neaped.

 Be*neath" (&?;), prep. [OE. benethe, bineoðen, AS. beneoðan, benyðan; pref. be- + neoðan, nyðan, downward, beneath, akin to E. nether. See Nether.]
 1. Lower in place, with something directly over or on; under; underneath; hence, at the foot of. "Beneath the mount." Ex.
 xxxii. 19.
Beneath a rude and nameless stone he lies. Pope.
2. Under, in relation to something that is superior, or that oppresses or burdens.

 Our country sinks beneath the yoke. Shak.
3. Lower in rank, dignity, or excellence than; as, brutes are beneath man; man is beneath angels in the scale of beings. Hence: Unworthy of; unbecoming.

 He will do nothing that is beneath his high station. Atterbury.
 Be*neath" (&?;), adv. 1. In a lower place; underneath.

 The earth you take from beneath will be barren. Mortimer.
2. Below, as opposed to heaven, or to any superior region or position; as, in earth beneath.

 ||Ben'e*dic"i*te (&?;), n. [L., (imperative pl.,) bless ye, praise ye.] A canticle (the Latin version of which begins with this word) which may be used in the order for morning prayer in the Church of England. It is taken from an apocryphal addition to the third chapter of Daniel.

 ||Ben'e*dic"i


exilic eminence did he adduce?
Three seekers of the pure truth, Moses of Egypt, Moses Maimonides, author of More Nebukim (Guide of the Perplexed) and Moses Mendelssohn of such eminence that from Moses (of Egypt) to Moses (Mendelssohn) there arose none like Moses (Maimonides).
What statement was made, under correction, by Bloom concerning a fourth seeker of pure truth, by name Aristotle, mentioned, with permission, by Stephen?
That the seeker mentioned had been a pupil of a rabbinical philosopher, name uncertain.
Were other anapocryphal illustrious sons of the law and children of a selected or rejected race mentioned?
Felix Bartholdy Mendelssohn (composer), Baruch Spinoza (philosopher), Mendoza (pugilist), Ferdinand Lassalle (reformer, duellist).
What fragments of verse from the ancient Hebrew and ancient Irish languages were cited with modulations of voice and translation of texts by guest to host and by host to guest?
By Stephen: suil, suil, suil arun, suil go siocair agus suil go cuin (walk, walk, walk your way, walk in safety, walk with care).
By Bloom: Kifeloch, harimon rakatejch m'baad l'zamatejch (thy temple amid thy hair is as a slice of pomegranate).
How was a glyphic comparison of the phonic symbols of both languages made in substantiation of the oral comparison?
By juxtaposition. On the penultimate blank page of a book of inferior literary style, entituled Sweets of Sin (produced by Bloom and so manipulated that its front cover came in contact with the surface of the table) with a pencil (supplied by Stephen) Stephen wrote the Irish characters for gee, eh, dee, em, simple and modified, and Bloom in turn wrote the Hebrew characters ghimel, aleph, daleth and (in the absence of mem) a substituted qoph, explaining their arithmetical values as ordinal and cardinal numbers, videlicet 3, 1, 4, and 100.
Was the knowledge possessed by both of each of these languages, the extinct and the revived, theoretical or practical?
Theoretical, being confined to certain grammatical rules of accidence and syntax and practically excluding vocabulary.
What points of contact existed between these languages and between the peoples who spoke them?
The presence of guttural sounds, diacritic aspirations, epenthetic and servile letters in both languages: their antiquity, both having been taught on the plain of Shinar 242 years after the deluge in the seminary instituted by Fenius Farsaigh, descendant of Noah, progenitor of Israel, and ascendant of Heber and Heremon, progenitors of Ireland: their archaeological, genealogical, hagiographical, exegetical, homiletic, toponomastic, historical and religious literatures comprising the works of rabbis and culdees, Torah, Talmud (Mischna and Ghemara), Massor, Pentateuch, Book of the Dun Cow, Book of Ballymote, Garland of Howth, Book of Kells: their dispersal, persecution, survival and revival: the isolation of their synagogical and ecclesiastical rites in ghetto (S. Mary's Abbey) and masshouse (Adam and Eve's tavern): the proscription of their national costumes in penal laws and jewish dress acts: the restoration in Chanah David of Zion and the possibility of Irish political autonomy or devolution.
What anthem did Bloom chant partially in anticipation of that multiple, ethnically irreducible consummation?
Kolod balejwaw pnimah Nefesch, jehudi, homijah.
Why was the chant arrested at the conclusion of this first distich?
In consequence of defective mnemotechnic.
How did the chanter compensate for this deficiency?
By a periphrastic version of the general text.
In what common study did their mutual reflections merge?
The increasing simplification traceable from the Egyptian epigraphic hieroglyphs to the Greek and Roman alphabets and the anticipation of modern stenography and telegraphic code in the cuneiform inscriptions (Semitic) and the virgular quinquecostate ogham writing (Celtic).
Did the guest comply with his host's request?
Doubly, by appending his signature in Irish and Roman characters.
What was Stephen's auditive sensation?
He heard in a profound ancient male unfamiliar melody the accumulation of the past.
What was Bloom's visual sensation?
He saw in a quick young male familiar form the predestination of a future.
What were Stephen's and Bloom's quasisimultaneous volitional quasisensations of concealed identities?
Visually, Stephen's: The traditional figure of hypostasis, depicted by Johannes Damascenus, Lentulus Romanus and Epiphanius Monachus as leucodermic, sesquipedalian with winedark hair.
Auditively, Bloom's: The traditional accent of the ecstasy of catastrophe.
What future careers had been possible for Bloom in the past and with what exemplars?
In the church, Roman, Anglican or Nonconformist: exemplars, the very reverend John Conmee S. J., the reverend T. Salmon, D. D., provost of Trinity college, Dr Alexander J. Dowie. At the bar, English or Irish: exemplars, Seymour Bushe, K. C., Rufus Isaacs, K. C. On the stage, modern or Shakespearean: exemplars, Charles Wyndham, high comedian, Osmond Tearle († 1901), exponent of Shakespeare.
Did the host encourage his guest to chant in a modulated voice a strange legend on an allied theme?
Reassuringly, their place, where none could hear them talk, being secluded, reassured, the decocted beverages, allowing for subsolid residual sediment of a mechanical mixture, water plus sugar plus cream plus cocoa, having been consumed.
Recite the first (major) part of this chanted legend.
Little Harry Hughes and his schoolfellows all Went out for to play ball.
And the very first ball little Harry Hughes played He drove it o'er the jew's garden wall.
And the very second ball little Harry Hughes played He broke the jew's windows all.
littleharryhughes How did the son of Rudolph receive this first part?
With unmixed feeling. Smiling, a jew, he heard with pleasure and saw the unbroken kitchen window.
Recite the second part (minor) of the legend.
Then out there came the jew's daughter And she all dressed in green.
"Come back, come back, you pretty little boy, And play your ball again." I can't come back and I won't come back Without my schoolfellows all.
For if my master he did hear He'd make it a sorry ball." She took him by the lilywhite hand And led him along the hall Until she led him to a room Where none could hear him call.
She took a penknife out of her pocket And cut off his little head.
And now he'll play his ball no more For he lies among the dead.
outcamethejew How did the father of Millicent receive this second part?
With mixed feelings. Unsmiling, he heard and saw with wonder a jew's daughter, all dressed in green.
Condense Stephen's commentary.
One of all, the least of all, is the victim predestined. Once by inadvertence twice by design he challenges his destiny. It comes when he is abandoned and challenges him reluctant and, as an apparition of hope and youth, holds him unresisting. It leads him to a strange habitation, to a secret infidel apartment, and there, implacable, immolates him, consenting.
Why was the host (victim predestined) sad?
He wished that a tale of a deed should be told of a deed not by him should by him not be told.
Why was the host (reluctant, unresisting) still?
In accordance with the law of the conservation of energy.
Why was the host (secret infidel) silent?
He weighed the possible evidences for and against ritual murder: the incitations of the hierarchy, the superstition of the populace, the propagation of rumour in continued fraction of veridicity, the envy


'qui*set"i*form (?), a. [Equisetum- + -form.] (Bot.)
 Having the form of the equisetum.

 ||Eq'ui*se"tum (?), n.; pl. Equiseta (#). [L., the horsetail, fr. equus horse + seta a thick,, stiff hair, bristle.] (Bot.) A genus of vascular, cryptogamic, herbaceous plants; -- also called horsetails.

 The Equiseta have hollow jointed stems and no true leaves. The cuticle often contains siliceous granules, so that one species (E. hyemale) is used for scouring and polishing, under the name of Dutch rush or scouring rush.

 E*quis"o*nance (?), n. [Equi- + L. sonans, p. pr. of sonare to sound: cf. F. équisonnance. See Sonant.] (Mus.) An equal sounding; the consonance of the unison and its octaves.

 E*quis"o*nant (?) a. Of the same or like sound.

 Eq"ui*ta*ble (?), a. [F. équitable, from équité.
 See Equity.] 1. Possessing or exhibiting equity; according to natural right or natural justice; marked by a due consideration for what is fair, unbiased, or impartial; just; as an equitable decision; an equitable distribution of an estate; equitable men.

 No two... had exactly the same notion of what was equitable.

Macaulay.
2. (Law) That can be sustained or made available or effective in a court of equity, or upon principles of equity jurisprudence; as, an equitable estate; equitable assets, assignment, mortgage, etc. Abbott.
Syn. -- Just; fair; reasonable; right; honest; impartial; candid; upright.

 Eq"ui*ta*ble*ness, n. The quality of being equitable, just, or impartial; as, the equitableness of a judge, a decision, or distribution of property.

 Eq"ui*ta*bly, adv. In an equitable manner; justly; as, the laws should be equitably administered.

 Eq"ui*tan*cy (?), n. [Cf. LL. equitantia. See Equitant.]
 Horsemanship.

 Eq"ui*tant (?), a. [L. equitans, -antis, p. pr. of equitare to ride, fr. eques horseman, fr. equus horse.] 1.
 Mounted on, or sitting upon, a horse; riding on horseback.

2. (Bot.) Overlapping each other; -- said of leaves whose bases are folded so as to overlap and bestride the leaves within or above them, as in the iris.

 Eq'ui*ta"tion (?), n. [L. equitatio, fr. equitare: cf. F. équitation.] A riding, or the act of riding, on horseback; horsemanship.

 The pretender to equitation mounted.

W. Irving.
 E'qui*tem'po*ra"ne*ous (?), a. [L. aequus equal + tempus, temporis, time.] Contemporaneous. [Obs.] Boyle.
 ||Eq"ui*tes (?) n. pl [L., pl. of eques a horseman.] (Rom.
 Antiq.) An order of knights holding a middle place between the senate and the commonalty; members of the Roman equestrian order.

 Eq"ui*ty (?), n.; pl. Equities (#). [F. équité, L. aequitas, fr. aequus even, equal. See Equal.] 1.
 Equality of rights; natural justice or right; the giving, or desiring to give, to each man his due, according to reason, and the law of God to man; fairness in determination of conflicting claims; impartiality.

 Christianity secures both the private interests of men and the public peace, enforcing all justice and equity.

Tillotson.
2. (Law) An equitable claim; an equity of redemption; as, an equity to a settlement, or wife's equity, etc.

 I consider the wife's equity to be too well settled to be shaken.

Kent.
3. (Law) A system of jurisprudence, supplemental to law, properly so called, and complemental of it.

Equity had been gradually shaping itself into a refined science which no human faculties could master without long and intense application.

Macaulay.
 Equitable jurisprudence in England and in the United States grew up from the inadequacy of common-law forms to secure justice in all cases; and this led to distinct courts by which equity was applied in the way of injunctions, bills of discovery, bills for specified performance, and other processes by which the merits of a case could be reached more summarily or more effectively than by common-law suits. By the recent English Judicature Act (1873), however, the English judges are bound to give effect, in common-law suits, to all equitable rights and remedies; and when the rules of equity and of common law, in any particular case, conflict, the rules of equity are to prevail. In many jurisdictions in the United States, equity and common law are thus blended; in others distinct equity tribunals are still maintained. See Chancery.

Equity of redemption (Law), the advantage, allowed to a mortgageor, of a certain or reasonable time to redeem lands mortgaged, after they have been forfeited at law by the nonpayment of the sum of money due on the mortgage at the appointed time. Blackstone.
Syn. -- Right; justice; impartiality; rectitude; fairness; honesty; uprightness. See Justice.

 E*quiv"a*lence (?), n. [Cf. F. équivalence, LL. aequivalentia.]
 1. The condition of being equivalent or equal; equality of worth, value, signification, or force; as, an equivalence of definitions.

2. Equal power or force; equivalent amount.

3. (Chem.) (a) The quantity of the combining power of an atom, expressed in hydrogen units; the number of hydrogen atoms can combine with, or be exchanged for; valency. See Valence. (b) The degree of combining power as determined by relative weight. See Equivalent, n., 2. [R.]

 E*quiv"a*lence, v. t. To be equivalent or equal to; to counterbalance. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
 E*quiv"a*len*cy (?), n. Same as Equivalence.

 E*quiv"a*lent (?), a. [L. aequivalens, -entis, p. pr.
 of aequivalere to have equal power; aequus equal + valere to be strong, be worth: cf. F. équivalent. See Equal, and Valiant.] 1. Equal in worth or value, force, power, effect, import, and the like; alike in significance and value; of the same import or meaning.

 For now to serve and to minister, servile and ministerial, are terms equivalent.

South.
2. (Geom.) Equal in measure but not admitting of superposition; -- applied to magnitudes; as, a square may be equivalent to a triangle.

 3. (Geol.) Contemporaneous in origin; as, the equivalent strata of different countries.

 E*quiv"a*lent (?), n. 1. Something equivalent; that which is equal in value, worth, weight, or force; as, to offer an equivalent for damage done.

 He owned that, if the Test Act were repealed, the Protestants were entitled to some equivalent.... During some weeks the word equivalent, then lately imported from France, was in the mouths of all the coffeehouse orators.

Macaulay.
2. (Chem.) That comparative


relief when the anito is "removed," and in most cases probably temporary, often permanent, physical relief results from the stroking and rubbing.
The man or woman of each household acts as mediator between any sick member of the family and the offending anito. There are several of these household ceremonials performed to benefit the afflicted.
If one was taken ill or was injured at any particular place in the mountains near the pueblo, the one in charge of the ceremony goes to that place with a live chicken in a basket, a small amount of basi (a native fermented drink), and usually a little rice, and, pointing with a stick in various directions, says the Wa-chao′-wad or Ay′-ug si a-fi′-ĭk ceremony—the ceremony of calling the soul. It is as follows: "A-li-ka′ ab a-fi′-ĭk Ba-long′-long en-ta-ko′ ĭs a′-fong sang′-fu." The translation is: "Come, soul of Ba-long′-long; come with us to the house to feast." The belief is that the person's spirit is being enticed and drawn away by an anito.
If it is not called back shortly, it will depart permanently.
The following ceremony, called "ka-taol′," is said near the river, as the other is in the mountains: "A-li-ka′ ta-ĕn-ta-ko ĭs a′-fong ta-ko′ tay la-tĭng′ ĭs′-na." Freely translated this is: "Come, come with us into the house, because it is cold here." Page 200 A common sight in the Igorot pueblo or in the trails leading out is a man or woman, more frequently the latter, carrying the small chicken basket, the tube of basi, and the short stick, going to the river or the mountains to perform this ceremony for the sick.
After either of these ceremonies the person returns to the dwelling, kills, cooks, and, with other members of the family, eats the chicken.
For those very ill and apparently about to die there is another ceremony, called "a′-fat," and it never fails in its object, they affirm—the afflicted always recovers. Property equal to a full year's wages is taken outside the pueblo to the spot where the affliction was received, if it is known, and the departing soul is invited to return in exchange for the articles displayed. They take a large hog which is killed where the ceremony is performed; they take also a large blue-figured blanket—the finest blanket that comes to the pueblo—a battle-ax and spear, a large pot of "preserved" meat, the much-prized woman's bustle-like girdle, and, last, a live chicken. When the hog is killed the person in charge of the ceremony says: "Come back, soul of the afflicted, in trade for these things." All then return to the sick person's dwelling, taking with them the possessions just offered to the soul. At the house they cook the hog, and all eat of it; as those who assisted in the ceremony go to their own dwellings they carry each a dish of the cooked pork.
The next day, since the afflicted person does not die, they have another ceremony, called "mang-mang," in the house of the sick. A chicken is killed, and the following ceremonial is spoken from the center of the house: "The sick person is now well. May the food become abundant; may the chickens, pigs, and rice fruit heads be large. Bring the battle-ax to guard the door. Bring the winnowing tray to serve the food; and bring the wisp of palay straw to sweep away the many words spoken near us." For certain sick persons no ceremony is given for recovery. They are those who are stricken with death, and the Igorot claims to know a fatal affliction when it comes.
Lumawig, the Supreme Being The Igorot has personified the forces of nature. The personification has become a single person, and to-day this person is one god, Lu-ma′-wĭg. Over all, and eternal, so far as the Igorot understands, is Lu-ma′-wĭg—Lu-ma′-wĭg, who had a part in the beginning of all things; who came as a man to help the survivors and perpetuators of Bontoc; who later came as a man to teach the people whom he had befriended, and who still lives to care for them. Lu-ma′-wĭg is the greatest of spirits, dwelling above in chayya, the sky. All prayers for fruitage and increase—of men, of animals, and of crops—all prayers for deliverance Page 201from the fierce forces of the physical world are made to him; and once each month the pa′-tay ceremony, entreating Lu-ma′-wĭg for fruitage and health, is performed for the pueblo group by an hereditary class of men called "pa′-tay—a priesthood in process of development. Throughout the Bontoc culture area Lu-ma′-wĭg, otherwise known but less frequently spoken of as Fu′-ni and Kam-bun′-yan, is the supreme being. Scheerer says the Benguet Igorot call their "god" Ka-bu-ni′-an—the same road as Kam-bun′-yan.
In the beginning of all things Lu-ma′-wĭg had a part. The Igorot does not know how or why it is so, but he says that Lu-ma′-wĭg gave the earth with all its characteristics, the water in its various manifestations, the people, all animals, and all vegetation.
To-day he is the force in all these things, as he always has been.
Once, in the early days, the lower lands about Bontoc were covered with water. Lu-ma′-wĭg saw two young people on top of Mount Po′-kis, north of Bontoc. They were Fa-tang′-a and his sister Fu′-kan. They were without fire, as all the fires of Bontoc were put out by the water. Lu-ma′-wĭg told them to wait while he went quickly to Mount Ka-lo-wi′-tan, south of Bontoc, for fire. When he returned Fu′-kan was heavy with child. Lu-ma′-wĭg left them, going above as a bird flies. Soon the child was born, the water subsided in Bontoc pueblo, and Fa-tang′-a with his sister and her babe returned to the pueblo. Children came to the household rapidly and in great numbers. Generation followed generation, and the people increased wonderfully.
After a time Lu-ma′-wĭg decided to come to help and teach the Igorot. He first stopped on Ka-lo-wi′-tan Mountain, and from there looked over the young women of Sabangan, searching for a desirable wife, but he was not pleased with the girls of Sabangan because they had short hair. He next visited Alap, but the young women of that pueblo were sickly; so he came on to Tulubin.
There the marriageable girls were afflicted with goiter. He next stopped at Bontoc, where he saw two young women, sisters, in a garden. Lu-ma′-wĭg came to them and sat down. Presently he asked why they did not go to the house. They answered that they must work; they were gathering beans. Lu-ma′-wĭg was pleased with this, so he picked one bean of each variety, tossed them into the baskets—when presently the baskets were filled to the rim. He married Fu′-kan, the younger of the two industrious sisters, and namesake of the mother of the people of Bontoc.
After marriage he lived at Chao′-wi, in the present ato of Sigichan, near the center of Bontoc pueblo. The large, flat stones which were once part of Lu-ma′-wĭg's dwelling are still lying in position, and are shown in Pl. CLIII.
Lu-ma′-wĭg at times exhibited his marvelous powers. They say he could take a small chicken, feed it a few grains of rice, and in an Page 202hour it would be full grown. He could fill a basket with rice in a very few moments, simply by putting in a handful of kernels.
He could cut a stick of wood in the mountains, and with one hand toss it to his dwelling in the pueblo. Once when out in I-shil′ Mountains northeast of Bontoc, Fa-tang′-a, the brother-in-law of Lu-ma′-wĭg, said


suddenly; to startle; to alarm; to rouse; to cause to flee or fly; as, the hounds started a fox.

 Upon malicious bravery dost thou come To start my quiet?

Shak.
 Brutus will start a spirit as soon as Cæsar.

Shak.
2. To bring onto being or into view; to originate; to invent.

 Sensual men agree in the pursuit of every pleasure they can start.

Sir W. Temple.
3. To cause to move or act; to set going, running, or flowing; as, to start a railway train; to start a mill; to start a stream of water; to start a rumor; to start a business.

 I was engaged in conversation upon a subject which the people love to start in discourse.

Addison.
4. To move suddenly from its place or position; to displace or loosen; to dislocate; as, to start a bone; the storm started the bolts in the vessel.

 One, by a fall in wrestling, started the end of the clavicle from the sternum.

Wiseman.
5. [Perh. from D. storten, which has this meaning also.] (Naut.)
 To pour out; to empty; to tap and begin drawing from; as, to start a water cask.

 Start, n. 1. The act of starting; a sudden spring, leap, or motion, caused by surprise, fear, pain, or the like; any sudden motion, or beginning of motion.

 The fright awakened Arcite with a start.

Dryden.
2. A convulsive motion, twitch, or spasm; a spasmodic effort.

 For she did speak in starts distractedly.

Shak.
 Nature does nothing by starts and leaps, or in a hurry.

L'Estrange.
3. A sudden, unexpected movement; a sudden and capricious impulse; a sally; as, starts of fancy.

 To check the starts and sallies of the soul.

Addison.
4. The beginning, as of a journey or a course of action; first motion from a place; act of setting out; the outset; -- opposed to finish.

 The start of first performance is all.

Bacon.
 I see you stand like greyhounds in the slips, Straining upon the start.

Shak.
At a start, at once; in an instant. [Obs.]

At a start he was betwixt them two.

Chaucer.
To get, or have, the start, to before another; to gain or have the advantage in a similar undertaking; -- usually with of.
 "Get the start of the majestic world." Shak. "She might have forsaken him if he had not got the start of her." Dryden.
 Start, n. [OE. stert a tail, AS. steort; akin to LG.
 stert, steert, D. staart, G. sterz, Icel. stertr, Dan. stiert, Sw. stjert. √166. Cf. Stark naked, under Stark, Start, v. i.] 1. A tail, or anything projecting like a tail.

2. The handle, or tail, of a plow; also, any long handle. [Prov.
 Eng.]

3. The curved or inclined front and bottom of a water-wheel bucket.

4. (Mining) The arm, or level, of a gin, drawn around by a horse.

 Start"er, n. 1. One who, or that which, starts; as, a starter on a journey; the starter of a race.

2. A dog that rouses game.

 Start"ful (?), a. Apt to start; skittish. [R.]

 Start"ful*ness, n. Aptness to start. [R.]

 Star"throat' (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any humming bird of the genus Heliomaster. The feathers of the throat have a brilliant metallic luster.

 Start"ing (?), a. & n. from Start, v. Starting bar (Steam Eng.), a hand lever for working the values in starting an engine. -- Starting hole, a loophole; evasion. [Obs.] -- Starting point, the point from which motion begins, or from which anything starts. -- Starting post, a post, stake, barrier, or place from which competitors in a race start, or begin the race.

 Start"ing*ly, adv. By sudden fits or starts; spasmodically. Shak.
 Start"ish, a. Apt to start; skittish; shy; -- said especially of a horse. [Colloq.]

 Star"tle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Startled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Startling (?).] [Freq. of start.] To move suddenly, or be excited, on feeling alarm; to start.

 Why shrinks the soul Back on herself, and startles at destruction?

Addison.
 Star"tle (?), v. t. 1. To excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension; to frighten suddenly and not seriously; to alarm; to surprise.

 The supposition, at least, that angels do sometimes assume bodies need not startle us.

Locke.
2. To deter; to cause to deviate. [R.] Clarendon.
Syn. -- To start; shock; fright; frighten; alarm.

 Star"tle, n. A sudden motion or shock caused by an unexpected alarm, surprise, or apprehension of danger.

 After having recovered from my first startle, I was very well pleased with the accident.

Spectator.
 Star"tling*ly (?), adv. In a startling manner.

 Star"tlish (?), a. Easily startled; apt to start; startish; skittish; -- said especially of a hourse. [Colloq.]

 Start"-up' (?), n. 1. One who comes suddenly into notice; an upstart. [Obs.] Shak.
2. A kind of high rustic shoe. [Obs.] Drayton.
 A startuppe, or clownish shoe.

Spenser.
 Start"-up', a. Upstart. [R.] Walpole.
 Star*va"tion (?), n. The act of starving, or the state of being starved.

 This word was first used, according to Horace Walpole, by Henry Dundas, the first Lord Melville, in a speech on American affairs in 1775, which obtained for him the nickname of Starvation Dundas. "Starvation, we are also told, belongs to the class of 'vile compounds' from being a mongrel; as if English were not full of mongrels, and if it would not be in distressing straits without them." Fitzed. Hall.
 Starve (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Starved (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Starving.] [OE. sterven to die, AS. steorfan; akin to D. sterven, G. sterben, OHG. sterban, Icel.
 starf labor, toil.] 1. To die; to perish. [Obs., except in the sense of perishing with cold or hunger.] Lydgate.
 In hot coals he hath himself raked... Thus starved this worthy mighty Hercules.

Chaucer.
2. To perish with hunger; to suffer extreme hunger or want; to be very indigent.

 Sometimes virtue starves, while vice is fed.

Pope.
3. To perish or die with cold. Spenser.
 Have I seen the naked starve for cold?

Sandys.
Starving with cold as well as hunger.

W. Irving.
 In this sense, still common in England, but rarely used of the United States.

 Starve, v. t. 1. To destroy with cold. [Eng.]

 From beds of raging fire, to starve in ice Their soft ethereal warmth.

Milton.
2. To kill with hunger; as, maliciously to starve a man is, in law, murder.

3. To distress or subdue by famine; as, to starvea garrison into a surrender.


es separated from the seed by threshing and winnowing, etc.

 So take the corn and leave the chaff behind. Dryden.
 Old birds are not caught with caff. Old Proverb.
2. Anything of a comparatively light and worthless character; the refuse part of anything.

 The chaff and ruin of the times. Shak.
3. Straw or hay cut up fine for the food of cattle.

 By adding chaff to his corn, the horse must take more time to eat it. In this way chaff is very useful. Ywatt.
4. Light jesting talk; banter; raillery.

5. (Bot.) The scales or bracts on the receptacle, which subtend each flower in the heads of many Compositæ, as the sunflower. Gray.
Chaff cutter, a machine for cutting, up straw, etc., into "chaff" for the use of cattle.

 Chaff, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chaffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Chaffing.] To use light, idle language by way of fun or ridicule; to banter.

 Chaff, v. t. To make fun of; to turn into ridicule by addressing in ironical or bantering language; to quiz.

 Morgan saw that his master was chaffing him. Thackeray.
 A dozen honest fellows... chaffed each other about their sweethearts. C. Kingsley.
 Chaff"er, n. One who chaffs.

 Chaf"fer (?), n. [OE. chaffare, cheapfare; AS. ceáp a bargain, price + faru a journey; hence, originally, a going to barain, to market. See Cheap, and Fare.] Bargaining; merchandise. [Obs.]
 Holished.
 Chaf"fer, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chaffered (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Chaffering.] [OE. chaffaren, fr. chaffare, chapfare, cheapfare, a bargaining. See Chaffer, n.]

1. To treat or dispute about a purchase; to bargain; to haggle or higgle; to negotiate.

 To chaffer for preferments with his gold. Dryden.
2. To talk much and idly; to chatter. Trench.
 Chaf"fer, v. t. 1. To buy or sell; to trade in.

 He chaffered chairs in which churchmen were set. Spenser.
2. To exchange; to bandy, as words. Spenser.
 Chaf"fer*er (?), n. One who chaffers; a bargainer.

 Chaf"fern (?), n. [See Chafe, v. t.] A vessel for heating water. [Obs.] Johnson.
 Chaf"fer*y, n. Traffic; bargaining. [Obs.] Spenser.
 Chaf"finch (?), n. [Cf. Chiffchaff.] (Zoöl.) A bird of Europe (Fringilla cœlebs), having a variety of very sweet songs, and highly valued as a cage bird; -- called also copper finch.

 Chaff"ing (?), n. The use of light, frivolous language by way of fun or ridicule; raillery; banter.

 Chaff"less, a. Without chaff.

 Chaff"y (?), a. 1. Abounding in, or resembling, chaff.

Chaffy grain beneath the thresher's flail. Coleridge.
2. Light or worthless as chaff.

 Slight and chaffy opinion. Glanvill.
3. (Bot.) (a) Resembling chaff; composed of light dry scales. (b) Bearing or covered with dry scales, as the under surface of certain ferns, or the disk of some composite flowers.

 Chaf"ing (?), n. [See Chafe, v. t.] The act of rubbing, or wearing by friction; making by rubbing.

Chafing dish, a dish or vessel for cooking on the table, or for keeping food warm, either by coals, by a lamp, or by hot water; a portable grate for coals. -- Chafing gear (Naut.), any material used to protect sails, rigging, or the like, at points where they are exposed to friction.

 Cha*green" (?), n. See Shagreen.

 Cha*grin" (?), n. [F., fr. chagrin shagreen, a particular kind of rough and grained leather; also a rough fishskin used for graters and files; hence (Fig.), a gnawing, corroding grief. See Shagreen.]
 Vexation; mortification.

 I must own that I felt rather vexation and chagrin than hope and satisfaction. Richard Porson.
 Hear me, and touch Belinda with chagrin. Pope.
Syn. -- Vexation; mortification; peevishness; fretfulness; disgust; disquiet. Chagrin, Vexation, Mortification. These words agree in the general sense of pain produced by untoward circumstances. Vexation is a feeling of disquietude or irritating uneasiness from numerous causes, such as losses, disappointments, etc. Mortification is a stronger word, and denotes that keen sense of pain which results from wounded pride or humiliating occurrences. Chagrin is literally the cutting pain produced by the friction of Shagreen leather; in its figurative sense, it varies in meaning, denoting in its lower degrees simply a state of vexation, and its higher degrees the keenest sense of mortification.

 "Vexation arises chiefly from our wishes and views being crossed: mortification, from our self-importance being hurt; chagrin, from a mixture of the two." Crabb.
 Cha*grin", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chagrined (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Chargrining.] [Cf. F. chagriner See Chagrin, n.]
 To excite ill-humor in; to vex; to mortify; as, he was not a little chagrined.

 Cha*grin", v. i. To be vexed or annoyed. Fielding.
 Cha*grin", a. Chagrined. Dryden.
 Chain (?), n. [F. chaîne, fr. L. catena. Cf.
 Catenate.] 1. A series of links or rings, usually of metal, connected, or fitted into one another, used for various purposes, as of support, of restraint, of ornament, of the exertion and transmission of mechanical power, etc.

 [They] put a chain of gold about his neck. Dan. v. 29.
2. That which confines, fetters, or secures, as a chain; a bond; as, the chains of habit.

 Driven down To chains of darkness and the undying worm.
Milton.
3. A series of things linked together; or a series of things connected and following each other in succession; as, a chain of mountains; a chain of events or ideas.

4. (Surv.) An instrument which consists of links and is used in measuring land.

 One commonly in use is Gunter's chain, which consists of one hundred links, each link being seven inches and ninety-two one hundredths in length; making up the total length of rods, or sixty-six, feet; hence, a measure of that length; hence, also, a unit for land measure equal to four rods square, or one tenth of an acre.

5. pl. (Naut.) Iron links bolted to the side of a vessel to bold the dead-eyes connected with the shrouds; also, the channels.

6. (Weaving) The warp threads of a web. Knight.
Chain belt (Mach.), a belt made of a chain; -- used for transmitting power. -- Chain boat, a boat fitted up for recovering lost cables, anchors, etc. -- Chain bolt (a) (Naut.)
 The bolt at the lower end


:stroke, Previous:store, Up:= S = strided /stri:'d*d/ adj.
[scientific computing] Said of a sequence of memory reads and writes to addresses, each of which is separated from the last by a constant interval called the 'stride length'. These can be a worst-case access pattern for the standard memory-caching schemes when the stride length is a multiple of the cache line size.
Strided references are often generated by loops through an array, and (if your data is large enough that access-time is significant) it can be worthwhile to tune for better locality by inverting double loops or by partially unrolling the outer loop of a loop nest. This usage is borderline techspeak; the related term 'memory stride' is definitely techspeak.
Node:stroke, Next:strudel, Previous:strided, Up:= S = stroke n. Common name for the slant ('/', ASCII _PHONE_) character. See ASCII for other synonyms.
Node:strudel, Next:stubroutine, Previous:stroke, Up:= S = strudel n. Common (spoken) name for the at-sign ('@', ASCII _PHONE_) character. See ASCII for other synonyms.
Node:stubroutine, Next:studly, Previous:strudel, Up:= S = stubroutine /stuhb'roo-teen/ n.
[contraction of 'stub subroutine'] Tiny, often vacuous placeholder for a subroutine that is to be written or fleshed out later.
Node:studly, Next:studlycaps, Previous:stubroutine, Up:= S = studly adj.
Impressive; powerful. Said of code and designs which exhibit both complexity and a virtuoso flair. Has connotations similar to hairy but is more positive in tone.
Often in the emphatic 'most studly' or as noun-form 'studliness'.
"Smail 3.0's configuration parser is most studly."
Node:studlycaps, Next:stunning, Previous:studly, Up:= S = studlycaps /stuhd'lee-kaps/ n. A hackish form of silliness similar to BiCapitalization for trademarks, but applied randomly and to arbitrary text rather than to trademarks.
ThE oRigiN and SigNificaNce of thIs pRacTicE iS oBscuRe.
Node:stunning, Next:stupid-sort, Previous:studlycaps, Up:= S = stunning adj.
Mind-bogglingly stupid. Usually used in sarcasm. "You want to code what in ADA? That's a... stunning idea!"
Node:stupid-sort, Next:Stupids, Previous:stunning, Up:= S = stupid-sort n. Syn. bogo-sort.
Node:Stupids, Next:Sturgeon's Law, Previous:stupid-sort, Up:= S = Stupids n. Term used by samurai for the suits who employ them; succinctly expresses an attitude at least as common, though usually better disguised, among other subcultures of hackers. There may be intended reference here to an SF story originally published in 1952 but much anthologized since, Mark Clifton's "Star, Bright".
In it, a super-genius child classifies humans into a very few 'Brights' like herself, a huge majority of 'Stupids', and a minority of 'Tweens', the merely ordinary geniuses.
Node:Sturgeon's Law, Next:sucking mud, Previous:Stupids, Up:= S = Sturgeon's Law prov.
"Ninety percent of everything is crap". Derived from a quote by science fiction author Theodore Sturgeon, who once said, "Sure, 90% of science fiction is crud. That's because 90% of everything is crud." Oddly, when Sturgeon's Law is cited, the final word is almost invariably changed to 'crap'. Compare Hanlon's Razor, Ninety-Ninety Rule. Though this maxim originated in SF fandom, most hackers recognize it and are all too aware of its truth.
Node:sucking mud, Next:sufficiently small, Previous:Sturgeon's Law, Up:= S = sucking mud adj.
[Applied Data Research] (also 'pumping mud') Crashed or wedged. Usually said of a machine that provides some service to a network, such as a file server. This Dallas regionalism derives from the East Texas oilfield lament, "Shut 'er down, Ma, she's a-suckin' mud". Often used as a query.
"We are going to reconfigure the network, are you ready to suck mud?"
Node:sufficiently small, Next:suit, Previous:sucking mud, Up:= S = sufficiently small adj.
Syn. suitably small.
Node:suit, Next:suitable win, Previous:sufficiently small, Up:= S = suit n.
1. Ugly and uncomfortable 'business clothing' often worn by non-hackers. Invariably worn with a 'tie', a strangulation device that partially cuts off the blood supply to the brain. It is thought that this explains much about the behavior of suit-wearers. Compare droid. 2. A person who habitually wears suits, as distinct from a techie or hacker. See pointy-haired, burble, management, Stupids, SNAFU principle, PHB, and brain-damaged.
Node:suitable win, Next:suitably small, Previous:suit, Up:= S = suitable win n. See win.
Node:suitably small, Next:Sun, Previous:suitable win, Up:= S = suitably small adj.
[perverted from mathematical jargon] An expression used ironically to characterize unquantifiable behavior that differs from expected or required behavior. For example, suppose a newly created program came up with a correct full-screen display, and one publicly exclaimed: "It works!"
Then, if the program dumped core on the first mouse click, one might add: "Well, for suitably small values of 'works'." Compare the characterization of pi under random numbers.
Node:Sun, Next:sun lounge, Previous:suitably small, Up:= S = Sun n. Sun Microsystems. Hackers remember that the name was originally an acronym, Stanford University Network. Sun started out around 1980 with some hardware hackers (mainly) from Stanford talking to some software hackers (mainly) from UC Berkeley; Sun's original technology concept married a clever board design based on the Motorola 68000 to BSD Unix. Sun went on to lead the worstation industry through the 1980s, and for years afterwards remained an engineering-driven company and a good place for hackers to work. Though Sun drifted away from its techie origins after 1990 and has since made some strategic moves that disappointed and annoyed many hackers (especially by maintaining proprietary control of Java and rejecting Linux), it's still considered within the family in much the same way DEC was in the 1970s and early 1980s.
Node:sun lounge, Next:sun-stools, Previous:Sun, Up:= S = sun lounge n.
[UK] The room where all the Sun workstations live. The humor in this term comes from the fact that it's also in mainstream use to describe a solarium, and all those Sun workstations clustered together give off an amazing amount of heat.
Node:sun-stools, Next:sunspots, Previous:sun lounge, Up:= S = sun-stools n. Unflattering hackerism for SunTools, a pre-X windowing environment notorious in its day for size, slowness, and misfeatures. X, however, is larger and (some claim) slower; see second-system effect.
Node:sunspots, Next:super source quench, Previous:sun-stools, Up:= S = sunspots n.
1. Notional cause of an odd error. "Why did the program suddenly turn the screen blue?" "Sunspots, I guess." 2. Also the cause of bit rot -- from the myth that sunspots will increase cosmic rays, which can flip single bits in memory. See also phase of the moon.
Node:super source quench, Next:superloser, Previous:sunspots, Up:= S = super source quench n. A special packet designed to shut up an Internet host. The Internet Protocol (IP) has a control message called Source Quench that asks a host to transmit more slowly on a particular connection to avoid congestion. It also has a Redirect control message intended to instruct a host to


THE HOUSE OF DUST A Symphony By Conrad Aiken Contents THE HOUSE OF DUST PART I. PART II.
 PART III PART IV.

 THE HOUSE OF DUST PART I. PART II.

 PART III PART IV.


Encyc. of Sport.
 Dead"en, v. t. To render impervious to sound, as a wall or floor; to deafen.

 De*ba"cle (?), n. A sudden breaking up or breaking loose; a violent dispersion or disruption; impetuous rush; outburst.

 De*ben"ture, n. Any of various instruments issued, esp. by corporations, as evidences of debt. Such instruments (often called debenture bonds) are generally, through not necessarily, under seal, and are usually secured by a mortgage or other charge upon property; they may be registered or unregistered. A debenture secured by a mortgage on specific property is called a mortgage debenture; one secured by a floating charge (which see), a floating debenture; one not secured by any charge a naked debenture. In general the term debenture in British usage designates any security issued by companies other than their shares, including, therefore, what are in the United States commonly called bonds. When used in the United States debenture generally designates an instrument secured by a floating charge junior to other charges secured by fixed mortgages, or, specif., one of a series of securities secured by a group of securities held in trust for the benefit of the debenture holders.

 Debenture stock. (Finance) The debt or series of debts, collectively, represented by a series of debentures; a debt secured by a trust deed of property for the benefit of the holders of shares in the debt or of a series of debentures. By the terms of much debenture stock the holders are not entitled to demand payment until the winding up of the company or default in payment; in the winding up of the company or default in payment; in the case of railway debentures, they cannot demand payment of the principal, and the debtor company cannot redeem the stock, except by authority of an act of Parliament. [Eng.]

 De*bouch" (?), v. i. (Geog.) To issue; -- said of a stream passing from a gorge out into an open valley or a plain.

 De*ca"dent (?), n. One that is decadent, or deteriorating; esp., one characterized by, or exhibiting, the qualities of those who are degenerating to a lower type; -- specif. applied to a certain school of modern French writers.

 The decadents and æsthetes, and certain types of realists.

C. L. Dana.
 The business men of a great State allow their State to be represented in Congress by "decadents".

The Century.
 De*cath"lon (?), n. [See Deca-; Pentathlon.] In the modern Olympic Games, a composite contest consisting of a 100-meter run, a broad jump, putting the shot, a running high-jump, a 400-meter run, throwing the discus, a 100-meter hurdle race, pole vaulting, throwing the javelin, and a 1500-meter run.

 De*cem"brist (?), n. (Russian Hist.) One of those who conspired for constitutional government against the Emperor Nicholas on his accession to the throne at the death of Alexander I., in December, 1825; -- called also Dekabrist.

 He recalls the history of the decembrists... that gallant band of revolutionists.

G. Kennan.
 Dec"i*are' (?), n. [F. déciare; pref. décitenth (fr. L. decimus) + are. See 2d Are.] (Metric System) A measure of area, the tenth part of an are; ten square meters.

 Deck, n. (Aëronautics) A main aëroplane surface, esp. of a biplane or multiplane.

 Dec"kle edge'. The rough, untrimmed edge of paper left by the deckle; also, a rough edge in imitation of this.

 Dec"kle-edged' (?), a. Having a deckle edge; as, deckle-edged paper; a deckle-edged book.

 De*class" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Declassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Declassing.] [Cf. F. déclasser.] To remove from a class; to separate or degrade from one's class. North Am.
 Rev.
 De'co*her"er (?), n. [Pref. de- + coherer.] (Elec.)
 A device for restoring a coherer to its normal condition after it has been affected by an electric wave, a process usually accomplished by some method of tapping or shaking, or by rotation of the coherer.

 ||Dé'col'le*tage" (d'k'l'*tzh), n. [F. See Décolleté.]
 (Costume) The upper border or part of a décolleté corsage.

 ||Dé'col'le*té" (d'kl'le*t"), a. Wearing a décolleté gown.

 Decoration Day. = Memorial Day. [U. S.]

 ||Dé'cu'lasse'ment" (?), n. [F.] Also, sometimes, Anglicized Dec'u*lass"ment (&?;). (Ordnance) An accidental blowing off of, or other serious damage to, the breechblock of a gun; also, a removal of the breechblock for the purpose of disabling the gun.

 Deer"stalk'er (?), n. A closefitting hat, with a low crown, such as is worn in deerstalking; also, any stiff, round hat. [Eng.]

 De*fect"ive (?), n. 1. Anything that is defective or lacking in some respect.

2. (Med.) One who is lacking physically or mentally.

 Under the term defectives are included deaf-mutes, the blind, the feeble-minded, the insane, and sometimes, esp. in criminology, criminals and paupers.

 ||Dé'ga'gé" (?), a. [F., p. p. of dégager to disengage. See De-, lst Gage, and cf. Disgage.] Unconstrained; easy; free. Vanbrugh.
 A graceful and dégagé manner.

Poe.
 De*germ" (?), v. t. (Milling) To extract the germs from, as from wheat grains.

 De*ger"mi*na'tor (?), n. (Milling) A machine for breaking open the kernels of wheat or other grain and removing the germs.

 De*glaze" (?), v. t. To remove the glaze from, as pottery or porcelain, so as to give a dull finish.

 ||Dé'gras" (?), Deg"ras (&?;), n. [F.; cf. F. gras, a. & n., fat.] A semisolid emulsion produced by the treatment of certain skins with oxidized fish oil, which extracts their soluble albuminoids. It was formerly solely a by-product of chamois leather manufacture, but is now made for its own sake, being valuable as a dressing for hides.

 De*grease" (?), v. t. To remove grease or fatty matter from, as wool or silk.

 De*gum" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Degummed (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Degumming.] To deprive of, or free from, gum; as, to degum ramie.

 Dek"a*brist (?), n. A Decembrist.

 Del'i*ca*tes"sen (?), n. pl. [G., fr. F. délicatesse.]
 Relishes for the table; dainties; delicacies. "A dealer in delicatessen".
 G. H. Putnam.
 De*lig"nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p.


gambling. [Slang] Smart.
 He's pigeoned and undone.

Observer.
 Pi"geon-breast'ed (?), a. Having a breast like a pigeon, -- the sternum being so prominent as to constitute a deformity; chicken-breasted.

 Pi"geon*foot' (?), n. (Bot.) The dove's-foot geranium (Geranium molle).

 Pi"geon-heart'ed (?), a. Timid; easily frightened; chicken-hearted.
 Beau. & Fl.
 Pi"geon*hole' (?), n. A small compartment in a desk or case for the keeping of letters, documents, etc.; -- so called from the resemblance of a row of them to the compartments in a dovecote. Burke.
 Pi"geon*hole', v. t. To place in the pigeonhole of a case or cabinet; hence, to put away; to lay aside indefinitely; as, to pigeonhole a letter or a report.

 Pi"geon-liv'ered (?), a. Pigeonhearted.

 Pi"geon*ry (?), n. A place for pigeons; a dovecote.

 Pi"geon*toed' (?), a. Having the toes turned in.

 Pig"-eyed' (?), a. Having small, deep-set eyes.

 Pig"fish' (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of salt-water grunts; -- called also hogfish. (b) A sculpin. The name is also applied locally to several other fishes.

 Pig"foot' (?), n. (Zoöl.) A marine fish (Scorpæna porcus), native of Europe. It is reddish brown, mottled with dark brown and black.

 Pigg (?), n. A piggin. See 1st Pig. Sir W. Scott.
 Pig"ger*y (?), n.; pl. Piggeries (&?;). A place where swine are kept.

 Pig"gin (?), n. [Scot.; cf. Gael. pigean, dim. of pigeadh, pige, an earthen jar, pitcher, or pot, Ir. pigin, pighead, W. piccyn.] A small wooden pail or tub with an upright stave for a handle, -- often used as a dipper.

 Pig"gish (?), a. Relating to, or like, a pig; greedy.

 Pig"-head'ed (?), a. Having a head like a pig; hence, figuratively: stupidity obstinate; perverse; stubborn. B. Jonson. -- Pig"-head'ed*ness, n. Pight (?), imp. & p. p. of Pitch, to throw; -- used also adjectively. Pitched; fixed; determined. [Obs.]

 [His horse] pight him on the pommel of his head.

Chaucer.
 I found him pight to do it.

Shak.
 Pigh"tel (?), n. [Cf. Pight, Picle.] A small inclosure. [Written also pightle.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

 Pig"-jawed' (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having the upper jaw projecting beyond the lower, with the upper incisors in advance of the lower; -- said of dogs.

 Pig*me"an (?), a. See Pygmean.

 Pig"ment (?), n. [L. pigmentum, fr. the root of pingere to paint: cf. F. pigment. See Paint, and cf. Pimento, Orpiment.] 1.
 Any material from which a dye, a paint, or the like, may be prepared; particularly, the refined and purified coloring matter ready for mixing with an appropriate vehicle.

2. (Physiol.) Any one of the colored substances found in animal and vegetable tissues and fluids, as bilirubin, urobilin, chlorophyll, etc.

3. Wine flavored with species and honey. Sir W. Scott.
Pigment cell (Physiol.), a small cell containing coloring matter, as the pigmented epithelial cells of the choroid and iris, or the pigmented connective tissue cells in the skin of fishes, reptiles, etc.

 { Pig*men"tal (?), Pig"men*ta*ry (?), } a. Of or pertaining to pigments; furnished with pigments. Dunglison.
Pigmentary degeneration (Med.), a morbid condition in which an undue amount of pigment is deposited in the tissues.

 Pig'men*ta"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) A deposition, esp. an excessive deposition, of coloring matter; as, pigmentation of the liver.

 Pig"ment*ed (?), a. Colored; specifically (Biol.), filled or imbued with pigment; as, pigmented epithelial cells; pigmented granules.

 Pig*men"tous (?), a. Pigmental.

 Pig"my (?), n. See Pygmy.

Pigmy falcon. (Zoöl.) Same as Falconet, 2 (a).

 Pig"ner*ate (?), v. t. [L. pigneratus, p. p. of pignerate to pledge.] 1. To pledge or pawn. [Obs.]

2. to receive in pawn, as a pawnbroker does. [Obs.]

 Pig'no*ra"tion (?), n. [LL. pignoratio, L. pigneratio, fr. pignerate to pledge, fr. pignus, gen. -ous and -eris, a pledge, a pawn: cf. F. pignoration.] 1. The act of pledging or pawning.

2. (Civil Law) The taking of cattle doing damage, by way of pledge, till satisfaction is made. Burrill.
 Pig"no*ra*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. pignoratif.] Pledging, pawning. [R.]

 ||Pig"nus (?), n.; pl. Pignora (#). [L.] (Rom.
 Law) A pledge or pawn.

 Pig"nut (?), n. (Bot.) (a) See Groundnut (d).
 (b) The bitterflavored nut of a species of hickory (Carya glabra, or porcina); also, the tree itself.

 Pig"pen' (?), n. A pen, or sty, for pigs.

 Pig"skin' (?), n. The skin of a pig, -- used chiefly for making saddles; hence, a colloquial or slang term for a saddle.

 Pigs"ney (?), n. [Perh. a dim. of Dan. pige a girl, or Sw.
 piga; or from E. pig's eye.] A word of endearment for a girl or woman. [Obs.] [Written also pigsnie, pigsny, etc.] Chaucer.
 Pig"-stick'ing (?), n. Boar hunting; -- so called by Anglo-Indians.
 [Colloq.] Tackeray.
 Pig"sty' (?), n.; pl. Pigsties (&?;). A pigpen.

 Pig"tail' (?), n. 1. The tail of a pig.

2. (Hair Dressing) A cue, or queue. J. & H. Smith.
3. A kind of twisted chewing tobacco.

 The tobacco he usually cheweth, called pigtail.

Swift.
 Pig"tailed' (?), a. Having a tail like a pig's; as, the pigtailed baboon.

 Pig"weed' (?), n. (Bot.) A name of several annual weeds. See Goosefoot, and Lamb's- quarters.

 Pig"wid'geon (?), n. [Written also pigwidgin and pigwiggen.]
 A cant word for anything petty or small. It is used by Drayton as the name of a fairy.

 Pi"ka (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of rodents of the genus Lagomys, resembling small tailless rabbits.
 They inhabit the