one that can be scribbled on without loss. Usually in the combining forms 'scratch memory', 'scratch register', 'scratch disk', 'scratch tape', 'scratch volume'. See also scratch monkey. 2. [primarily IBM] vt. To delete (as in a file).
Node:scratch monkey, Next:scream and die, Previous:scratch, Up:= S = scratch monkey n. As in "Before testing or reconfiguring, always mount a scratch monkey", a proverb used to advise caution when dealing with irreplaceable data or devices. Used to refer to any scratch volume hooked to a computer during any risky operation as a replacement for some precious resource or data that might otherwise get trashed.
This term preserves the memory of Mabel, the Swimming Wonder Monkey, star of a biological research program at the University of Toronto. Mabel was not (so the legend goes) your ordinary monkey; the university had spent years teaching her how to swim, breathing through a regulator, in order to study the effects of different gas mixtures on her physiology. Mabel suffered an untimely demise one day when a DEC field circus engineer troubleshooting a crash on the program's VAX inadvertently interfered with some custom hardware that was wired to Mabel.
It is reported that, after calming down an understandably irate customer sufficiently to ascertain the facts of the matter, a DEC troubleshooter called up the field circus manager responsible and asked him sweetly, "Can you swim?"
Not all the consequences to humans were so amusing; the sysop of the machine in question was nearly thrown in jail at the behest of certain clueless droids at the local 'humane' society. The moral is clear: When in doubt, always mount a scratch monkey.
[The actual incident occured in 1979 or 1980. There is a version of this story, complete with reported dialogue between one of the project people and DEC field service, that has been circulating on Internet since 1986. It is hilarious and mythic, but gets some facts wrong. For example, it reports the machine as a PDP-11 and alleges that Mabel's demise occurred when DEC PMed the machine. Earlier versions of this entry were based on that story; this one has been corrected from an interview with the hapless sysop. --ESR] Node:scream and die, Next:screaming tty, Previous:scratch monkey, Up:= S = scream and die v. Syn. cough and die, but connotes that an error message was printed or displayed before the program crashed.
Node:screaming tty, Next:screen, Previous:scream and die, Up:= S = screaming tty n.
[Unix] A terminal line which spews an infinite number of random characters at the operating system. This can happen if the terminal is either disconnected or connected to a powered-off terminal but still enabled for login; misconfiguration, misimplementation, or simple bad luck can start such a terminal screaming. A screaming tty or two can seriously degrade the performance of a vanilla Unix system; the arriving "characters" are treated as userid/password pairs and tested as such. The Unix password encryption algorithm is designed to be computationally intensive in order to foil brute-force crack attacks, so although none of the logins succeeds; the overhead of rejecting them all can be substantial.
Node:screen, Next:screen name, Previous:screaming tty, Up:= S = screen n.
[Atari ST demoscene] One demoeffect or one screenful of them.
Probably comes from old Sierra-style adventures or shoot-em-ups where one travels from one place to another one screenful at a time.
Node:screen name, Next:screw, Previous:screen, Up:= S = screen name n. A handle sense 1. This term has been common among users of IRC, MUDs, and commercial on-line services since the mid-1990s. Hackers recognize the term but don't generally use it.
Node:screw, Next:screwage, Previous:screen name, Up:= S = screw n.
[MIT] A lose, usually in software.
Especially used for user-visible misbehavior caused by a bug or misfeature. This use has become quite widespread outside MIT.
Node:screwage, Next:scribble, Previous:screw, Up:= S = screwage /skroo'*j/ n. Like lossage but connotes that the failure is due to a designed-in misfeature rather than a simple inadequacy or a mere bug.
Node:scribble, Next:script kiddies, Previous:screwage, Up:= S = scribble n. To modify a data structure in a random and unintentionally destructive way. "Bletch! Somebody's disk-compactor program went berserk and scribbled on the i-node table." "It was working fine until one of the allocation routines scribbled on low core."
Synonymous with trash; compare mung, which conveys a bit more intention, and mangle, which is more violent and final.
Node:script kiddies, Next:scrog, Previous:scribble, Up:= S = script kiddies pl.n.
1. The lowest form of cracker; script kiddies do mischief with scripts and programs written by others, often without understanding the exploit. 2. People who cannot program, but who create tacky HTML pages by copying JavaScript routines from other tacky HTML pages. More generally, a script kiddie writes (or more likely cuts and pastes) code without either having or desiring to have a mental model of what the code does; someone who thinks of code as magical incantations and asks only "what do I need to type to make this happen?"
Node:scrog, Next:scrool, Previous:script kiddies, Up:= S = scrog /skrog/ vt.
[Bell Labs] To damage, trash, or corrupt a data structure.
"The list header got scrogged." Also reported as 'skrog', and ascribed to the comic strip "The Wizard of Id". Compare scag; possibly the two are related.
Equivalent to scribble or mangle.
Node:scrool, Next:scrozzle, Previous:scrog, Up:= S = scrool /skrool/ n.
[from the pioneering Roundtable chat system in Houston ca.
1984; prob. originated as a typo for 'scroll'] The log of old messages, available for later perusal or to help one get back in synch with the conversation. It was originally called the 'scrool monster', because an early version of the roundtable software had a bug where it would dump all 8K of scrool on a user's terminal.
Node:scrozzle, Next:scruffies, Previous:scrool, Up:= S = scrozzle /skroz'l/ vt.
Used when a self-modifying code segment runs incorrectly and corrupts the running program or vital data. "The damn compiler scrozzled itself again!"
Node:scruffies, Next:SCSI, Previous:scrozzle, Up:= S = scruffies n. See neats vs.
scruffies.
Node:SCSI, Next:ScumOS, Previous:scruffies, Up:= S = SCSI n.
[Small Computer System Interface] A bus-independent standard for system-level interfacing between a computer and intelligent devices. Typically annotated in literature with 'sexy' (/sek'see/), 'sissy' (/sis'ee/), and 'scuzzy' (/skuh'zee/) as pronunciation guides -- the last being the overwhelmingly predominant form, much to the dismay of the designers and their marketing people. One can usually assume that a person who pronounces it /S-C-S-I/ is clueless.
Node:ScumOS, Next:search-and-destroy mode, Previous:SCSI, Up:= S = ScumOS /skuhm'os/ or /skuhm'O-S/ n. Unflattering hackerism for SunOS, the BSD Unix variant supported on Sun Microsystems's Unix workstations (see also sun-stools), and compare AIDX, Macintrash, Nominal Semidestructor, HP-SUX. Despite what this term might suggest, Sun was founded by hackers and still enjoys excellent relations with hackerdom; usage is more often in exasperation than outright loathing.
Node:search-and-destroy mode, Next:second-system effect, Previous:ScumOS, Up:= S = search-and-destroy mode n. Hackerism for a noninteractive search-and-replace facility in


hundred + nodus knot: cf. F. centinode.] (Bot.) A weed with a stem of many joints (Illecebrum verticillatum); also, the Polygonum aviculare or knotgrass.

 Cen"ti*ped (?), n. [L. centipeda; centum a hundred + pes, pedis, foot: cf. F. centipède.] (Zoöl.)
 A species of the Myriapoda; esp. the large, flattened, venomous kinds of the order Chilopoda, found in tropical climates. they are many-jointed, and have a great number of feet. [Written also centipede (&?;).]

 Cen"ti*stere (?), n. [F. centistère; centi- (l. centum) + stère.] The hundredth part of a stere, equal to.353 cubic feet.

 Cent"ner (?), n. [Cf. G. centner a hundred-weight, fr. L. centenarius of a hundred, fr. centum a hundred.] 1. (Metal. & Assaying) A weight divisible first into a hundred parts, and then into smaller parts.

 The metallurgists use a weight divided into a hundred equal parts, each one pound; the whole they call a centner: the pound is divided into thirty-two parts, or half ounces; the half ounce into two quarters; and each of these into two drams. But the assayers use different weights. With them a centner is one dram, to which the other parts are proportioned.

2. The commercial hundredweight in several of the continental countries, varying in different places from 100 to about 112 pounds.

 Cen"to (?), n.; pl. Centos (#). [L. cento a garment of several pieces sewed together, patchwork, a poem made up of various verses of another poem.] A literary or a musical composition formed by selections from different authors disposed in a new order.

 Cen"to*nism (?), n. The composition of a cento; the act or practice of composing a cento or centos.

 Cen"tral (?), a. [L. centralis, fr. centrum: cf. F. central. See Center.] Relating to the center; situated in or near the center or middle; containing the center; of or pertaining to the parts near the center; equidistant or equally accessible from certain points.

Central force (Math.), a force acting upon a body towards or away from a fixed or movable center. -- Center sun (Astron.), a name given to a hypothetical body about which Mädler supposed the solar system together with all the stars in the Milky Way, to be revolving. A point near Alcyone in the Pleiades was supposed to possess characteristics of the position of such a body.

 { Cen"tral (?), ||Cen*tra"le (?), } n. [NL. centrale, fr. L.
 centralis.] (Anat.) The central, or one of the central, bones of the carpus or or tarsus. In the tarsus of man it is represented by the navicular.

 Cen"tral*ism (?), n. 1. The state or condition of being central; the combination of several parts into one whole; centralization.

2. The system by which power is centralized, as in a government.

 Cen*tral"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Centralities (&?;).
 The state of being central; tendency towards a center.

 Meantime there is a great centrality, a centripetence equal to the centrifugence. R. W. Emerson.
 Cen'tral*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. centralisation.] The act or process of centralizing, or the state of being centralized; the act or process of combining or reducing several parts into a whole; as, the centralization of power in the general government; the centralization of commerce in a city.

 Cen"tral*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Centralized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Centralizing.] [Cf. F. centraliser.] To draw or bring to a center point; to gather into or about a center; to bring into one system, or under one control.

 [To] centralize the power of government. Bancroft.
 Cen"tral*ly, adv. In a central manner or situation.

 Cen"tre (?), n. & v. See Center.

 { Cen"tric (?), Cen"tric*al (?), } a. Placed in the center or middle; central.

 At York or some other centrical place. Sir W. Scott.
 -- Cen"tric*al*ly, adv. -- Cen"tric*al*ness, n. Cen*tric"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being centric; centricalness.

 Cen*trif"u*gal (?), a. [L. centrum center + fugere to flee.] 1. Tending, or causing, to recede from the center.

2. (Bot.) (a) Expanding first at the summit, and later at the base, as a flower cluster. (b) Having the radicle turned toward the sides of the fruit, as some embryos.

Centrifugal force (Mech.), a force whose direction is from a center.

 When a body moves in a circle with uniform velocity, a force must act on the body to keep it in the circle without change of velocity. The direction of this force is towards the center of the circle. If this force is applied by means of a string to the body, the string will be in a state of tension. To a person holding the other end of the string, this tension will appear to be directed toward the body as if the body had a tendency to move away from the center of the circle which it is describing. Hence this latter force is often called centrifugal force. The force which really acts on the body being directed towards the center of the circle is called centripetal force, and in some popular treatises the centripetal and centrifugal forces are described as opposing and balancing each other. But they are merely the different aspects of the same stress. Clerk Maxwell.
Centrifugal impression (Physiol.), an impression (motor) sent from a nerve center outwards to a muscle or muscles by which motion is produced. -- Centrifugal machine, A machine for expelling water or other fluids from moist substances, or for separating liquids of different densities by centrifugal action; a whirling table. -- Centrifugal pump, a machine in which water or other fluid is lifted and discharged through a pipe by the energy imparted by a wheel or blades revolving in a fixed case. Some of the largest and most powerful pumps are of this kind.

 Cen*trif"u*gal, n. A centrifugal machine.

 Cen*trif"u*gence (?), n. The property or quality of being centrifugal. R. W. Emerson.
 Cen"tring (?), n. See Centring.

 Cen*trip"e*tal (?), a. [L. centrum center + petere to move toward.] 1. Tending, or causing, to approach the center.

2. (Bot.) (a) Expanding first at the base of the inflorescence, and proceeding in order towards the summit. (b) Having the radicle turned toward the axis of the fruit, as some embryos.

3. Progressing by changes from the exterior of a thing toward its center; as, the centripetal calcification of a bone. R. Owen.
Centripetal force (Mech.), a force whose direction is towards a center, as in case of a planet revolving round the sun, the center of the system, See Centrifugal force, under Centrifugal.


The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Merry Wives of Windsor, by William Shakespeare PG has multiple editions of William Shakespeare's Complete Works This etext was prepared by the PG Shakespeare Team, a team of about twenty Project Gutenberg volunteers.
HTML version prepared by Joseph E. Loewenstein, M.D.
THE MERRY WIVES OF WINDSOR by William Shakespeare Contents ACT I Scene I. Windsor. Before Page's house Scene II. The same Scene III.A room in the Garter Inn Scene IV. A room in Doctor Caius's house ACT II Scene I. Before Page's house Scene II. A room in the Garter Inn Scene III.A field near Windsor ACT III Scene I. A field near Frogmore Scene II. A street in Windsor Scene III.A room in Ford's house Scene IV. A room in Page's house Scene V. A room in the Garter Inn ACT IV Scene I. The street Scene II. A room in Ford's house Scene III.A room in the Garter Inn Scene IV. A room in Ford's house Scene V. A room in the Garter Inn Scene VI. Another room in the Garter Inn ACT V Scene I. A room in the Garter Inn Scene II. Windsor Park Scene III.The street in Windsor Scene IV. Windsor Park Scene V. Another part of the Park Dramatis Personae SIR JOHN FALSTAFF FENTON, a young gentleman SHALLOW, a country justice SLENDER, cousin to Shallow FORD, a Gentleman dwelling at Windsor PAGE, a Gentleman dwelling at Windsor WILLIAM PAGE, a boy, son to Page SIR HUGH EVANS, a Welsh parson DOCTOR CAIUS, a French physician HOST of the Garter Inn BARDOLPH, PISTOL, NYM; Followers of Falstaff ROBIN, page to Falstaff SIMPLE, servant to Slender RUGBY, servant to Doctor Caius MISTRESS FORD MISTRESS PAGE MISTRESS ANNE PAGE, her daughter, in love with Fenton MISTRESS QUICKLY, servant to Doctor Caius SERVANTS to Page, Ford, &c. SCENE: Windsor and the neighbourhood ACT I SCENE I. Windsor. Before Page's house [Enter JUSTICE SHALLOW, SLENDER, and SIR HUGH EVANS.]
SHALLOW Sir Hugh, persuade me not; I will make a Star Chamber matter of it; if he were twenty Sir John Falstaffs, he shall not abuse Robert Shallow, esquire.
SLENDER In the county of Gloucester, Justice of Peace, and "coram."
SHALLOW Ay, cousin Slender, and "cust-alorum."
SLENDER Ay, and "rato-lorum" too; and a gentleman born, Master Parson, who writes himself "armigero" in any bill, warrant, quittance, or obligation — "armigero."
SHALLOW Ay, that I do; and have done any time these three hundred years.
SLENDER All his successors, gone before him, hath done't; and all his ancestors, that come after him, may: they may give the dozen white luces in their coat.
SHALLOW It is an old coat.
EVANS The dozen white louses do become an old coat well; it agrees well, passant; it is a familiar beast to man, and signifies love.
SHALLOW The luce is the fresh fish; the salt fish is an old coat.
SLENDER I may quarter, coz?
SHALLOW You may, by marrying.
EVANS It is marring indeed, if he quarter it.
SHALLOW Not a whit.
EVANS Yes, py'r lady! If he has a quarter of your coat, there is but three skirts for yourself, in my simple conjectures; but that is all one. If Sir John Falstaff have committed disparagements unto you, I am of the church, and will be glad to do my benevolence to make atonements and compremises between you.
SHALLOW The Council shall hear it; it is a riot.
EVANS It is not meet the Council hear a riot; there is no fear of Got in a riot; the Council, look you, shall desire to hear the fear of Got, and not to hear a riot; take your vizaments in that.
SHALLOW Ha! o' my life, if I were young again, the sword should end it.
EVANS It is petter that friends is the sword and end it; and there is also another device in my prain, which peradventure prings goot discretions with it. There is Anne Page, which is daughter to Master George Page, which is pretty virginity.
SLENDER Mistress Anne Page? She has brown hair, and speaks small like a woman.
EVANS It is that fery person for all the orld, as just as you will desire; and seven hundred pounds of moneys, and gold, and silver, is her grandsire upon his death's-bed — Got deliver to a joyful resurrections! — give, when she is able to overtake seventeen years old. It were a goot motion if we leave our pribbles and prabbles, and desire a marriage between Master Abraham and Mistress Anne Page.
SHALLOW Did her grandsire leave her seven hundred pound?
EVANS Ay, and her father is make her a petter penny.
SHALLOW I know the young gentlewoman; she has good gifts.
EVANS Seven hundred pounds, and possibilities, is goot gifts.
SHALLOW Well, let us see honest Master Page. Is Falstaff there?
EVANS Shall I tell you a lie? I do despise a liar as I do despise one that is false; or as I despise one that is not true. The knight Sir John is there; and, I beseech you, be ruled by your well-willers. I will peat the door for Master Page.
[Knocks.]
What, hoa! Got pless your house here!
PAGE [Within] Who's there?
EVANS Here is Got's plessing, and your friend, and Justice Shallow; and here young Master Slender, that peradventures shall tell you another tale, if matters grow to your likings.
[Enter PAGE.]
PAGE I am glad to see your worships well. I thank you for my venison, Master Shallow.
SHALLOW Master Page, I am glad to see you; much good do it your good heart! I wished your venison better; it was ill killed.
How doth good Mistress Page? — and I thank you always with my heart, la! with my heart.
PAGE Sir, I thank you.
SHALLOW Sir, I thank you; by yea and no, I do.
PAGE I am glad to see you, good Master Slender.
SLENDER How does your fallow greyhound, sir? I heard say he was outrun on Cotsall.
PAGE It could not be judged, sir.
SLENDER You'll not confess, you'll not confess.
SHALLOW That he will not: 'tis your fault; 'tis your fault. 'Tis a good dog.
PAGE A cur, sir.
SHALLOW Sir, he's a good dog, and a fair dog; can there be more said? he is good, and fair. Is Sir John Falstaff here?
PAGE Sir, he is within; and I would I could do a good office between you.
EVANS It is spoke as a Christians ought to speak.
SHALLOW He hath wronged me, Master Page.
PAGE Sir, he doth in some sort confess it.
SHALLOW If it be confessed, it is not redressed: is not that so, Master Page? He hath wronged me;


n. A rhapsodist. [Obs.]

 { Rhap*sod"ic (?), Rhap*sod"ic (?) }, a. [Gr. "rapsw,diko's: cf. F.
 rhapsodique.] Of or pertaining to rhapsody; consisting of rhapsody; hence, confused; unconnected. -- Rhap*sod"ic*al*ly, adv.
 Rhap"so*dist (?), n. [From Rhapsody.] 1. Anciently, one who recited or composed a rhapsody; especially, one whose profession was to recite the verses of Hormer and other epic poets.

2. Hence, one who recites or sings poems for a livelihood; one who makes and repeats verses extempore.

 The same populace sit for hours listening to rhapsodists who recite Ariosto.

Carlyle.
3. One who writes or speaks disconnectedly and with great excitement or affectation of feeling. I. Watts.
 Rhap"so*dize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rhapsodized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rhapsodizing.] To utter as a rhapsody, or in the manner of a rhapsody Sterne.
 Rhap"so*dize, v. i. To utter rhapsodies. Jefferson.
 Rhap"so*do*man'cy (?), n. [Rhapsody + -mancy.]
 Divination by means of verses.

 Rhap"so*dy (?), n.; pl. Rhapsodies (#). [F. rhapsodie, L. rhapsodia, Gr. "rapsw,di'a, fr. "rapsw,do's a rhapsodist; "ra'ptein to sew, stitch together, unite + 'w,dh' a song. See Ode.] 1.
 A recitation or song of a rhapsodist; a portion of an epic poem adapted for recitation, or usually recited, at one time; hence, a division of the Iliad or the Odyssey; -- called also a book.

2. A disconnected series of sentences or statements composed under excitement, and without dependence or natural connection; rambling composition. "A rhapsody of words." Shak. "A rhapsody of tales." Locke.
3. (Mus.) A composition irregular in form, like an improvisation; as, Liszt's "Hungarian Rhapsodies."

 { Rhat"a*ny, Rhat"an*hy } (?), n. [Sp. ratania, rataña, Peruv. rataña.] The powerfully astringent root of a halfshrubby Peruvian plant (Krameria triandra). It is used in medicine and to color port wine. [Written also ratany.]

Savanilla rhatany, the root of Krameria Ixina, a native of New Granada.

 Rhe"a (?), n. (Bot.) The ramie or grass-cloth plant. See Grass-cloth plant, under Grass.

 Rhe"a, n. [L., a proper name.] (Zoöl.) Any one of three species of large South American ostrichlike birds of the genera Rhea and Pterocnemia. Called also the American ostrich.

 The common rhea, or nandou (Rhea Americana), ranges from Brazil to Patagonia. Darwin's rhea (Pterocnemia Darwinii), of Patagonia, is smaller, and has the legs feathered below the knee.

 ||Rhe"æ (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A suborder of struthious birds including the rheas.

 Rhee"boc (?), n. [D. reebok roebuck.] (Zoöl.)
 The peele. [Written also reebok.]

 Rhe"ic (?), a. [NL. Rheum rhubarb, Gr. &?;&?;&?; See Rhubarb.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid (commonly called chrysophanic acid) found in rhubarb (Rheum).
 [Obsoles.]

 Rhe"in (?), n. (Chem.) Chrysophanic acid.

 Rhein"ber*ry (?), n. [G. rheinbeere.] (Bot.) One of the berries or drupes of the European buckthorn; also, the buckthorn itself.

 Rhe*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?; of or for a verb, fr. &?;&?;&?;, &?;&?;&?;, a sentence. See Rhetoric.] (Gram.) Having a verb for its base; derived from a verb; as, rhematic adjectives. Ftzed. Hall.
 Rhe*mat"ic, n. The doctrine of propositions or sentences. Coleridge.
 Rhemish (?), a. Of or pertaining to Rheimis, or Reima, in France.

Rhemish Testament, the English version of the New Testament used by Roman Catholics. See Douay Bible.

 Rhen"ish (?), a. [L. Rhenus the Rhine. ] Of or pertaining to the river Rhine; as, Rhenish wine. -- n. Rhine wine.

 Rhe"o*chord (?), n. [Gr. "rei^n to flow + &?;&?;&?; chord.] (Elec.) A metallic wire used for regulating the resistance of a circuit, or varying the strength of an electric current, by inserting a greater or less length of it in the circuit.

 Rhe*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. "rei^n to flow + -meter.] [Written also reometer.] 1. (Physics) An instrument for measuring currents, especially the force or intensity of electrical currents; a galvanometer.

2. (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the velocity of the blood current in the arteries.

 Rhe'o*met"ric (?), a. Of or pertaining to a rheometer or rheometry.
 Lardner.
 Rhe*om"e*try (?), n. 1. The measurement of the force or intensity of currents.

2. (Math.) The calculus; fluxions. [R.]

 Rhe"o*mo'tor (?), n. [Gr. "rei^n to flow + E. motor.] (Elec.)
 Any apparatus by which an electrical current is originated. [R.]

 Rhe"o*phore (?), n. [Gr. "rei^n to flow + &?;&?;&?; to carry.] (Elec.) (a) A connecting wire of an electric or voltaic apparatus, traversed by a current. (b) One of the poles of a voltaic battery; an electrode.

 Rhe"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. "rei^n to flow + -scope.] (Physics) An instrument for detecting the presence or movement of currents, as of electricity.

 Rhe"o*stat (?), n. [Gr. "rei^n + stato's standing still.] (Elec.)
 A contrivance for adjusting or regulating the strength of electrical currents, operating usually by the intercalation of resistance which can be varied at will. Wheatstone. -- Rhe'o*stat"ic (#), a. Rhe"o*tome (-tm), n. [Gr. "rei^n to flow + te'mnein to cut.] (Elec.)
 An instrument which periodically or otherwise interrupts an electric current. Wheatstone.
 Rhe"o*trope (?), n. [Gr. "rei^n to flow + &?;&?;&?; to turn.] (Elec.) An instrument for reversing the direction of an electric current. [Written also reotrope.]

 ||Rhe"sus (?), n. [L. Rhesus, a proper name, Gr. &?;&?;&?;.]
 (Zoöl.) A monkey; the bhunder.

 Rhe"ti*an (?), a. [L. Rhaet


n. [Cf. F. déclarant, p. pr. of déclarer.]
 (Law) One who declares. Abbott.
 Dec'la*ra"tion (?), n. [F. déclaration, fr. L. declaratio, fr. declarare. See Declare.] 1. The act of declaring, or publicly announcing; explicit asserting; undisguised token of a ground or side taken on any subject; proclamation; exposition; as, the declaration of an opinion; a declaration of war, etc.

2. That which is declared or proclaimed; announcement; distinct statement; formal expression; avowal.

Declarations of mercy and love... in the Gospel.

Tillotson.
3. The document or instrument containing such statement or proclamation; as, the Declaration of Independence (now preserved in Washington).

 In 1776 the Americans laid before Europe that noble Declaration, which ought to be hung up in the nursery of every king, and blazoned on the porch of every royal palace.

Buckle.
4. (Law) That part of the process or pleadings in which the plaintiff sets forth in order and at large his cause of complaint; the narration of the plaintiff's case containing the count, or counts. See Count, n., 3.

Declaration of Independence. (Amer. Hist.) See under Independence. -- Declaration of rights. (Eng. Hist) See Bill of rights, under Bill. -- Declaration of trust (Law), a paper subscribed by a grantee of property, acknowledging that he holds it in trust for the purposes and upon the terms set forth. Abbott.
 De*clar"a*tive (?), a. [L. declarativus, fr. declarare: cf. F. déclaratif.] Making declaration, proclamation, or publication; explanatory; assertive; declaratory. "Declarative laws." Baker.
 The "vox populi," so declarative on the same side.

Swift.
 De*clar"a*tive*ly, adv. By distinct assertion; not impliedly; in the form of a declaration.

 The priest shall expiate it, that is, declaratively.

Bates.
 Dec"la*ra'tor (?), n. [L., an announcer.] (Scots Law) A form of action by which some right or interest is sought to be judicially declared.

 De*clar"a*to*ri*ly (?), adv. In a declaratory manner.

 De*clar"a*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. déclaratoire.] Making declaration, explanation, or exhibition; making clear or manifest; affirmative; expressive; as, a clause declaratory of the will of the legislature.

Declaratory act (Law), an act or statute which sets forth more clearly, and declares what is, the existing law.

 De*clare" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Declared (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Declaring.] [F. déclarer, from L. declarare; de + clarare to make clear, clarus, clear, bright.
 See Clear.] 1. To make clear; to free from obscurity. [Obs.] "To declare this a little." Boyle.
2. To make known by language; to communicate or manifest explicitly and plainly in any way; to exhibit; to publish; to proclaim; to announce.

 This day I have begot whom I declare My only Son.

Milton.
 The heavens declare the glory of God.

Ps. xix. 1.
3. To make declaration of; to assert; to affirm; to set forth; to avow; as, he declares the story to be false.

 I the Lord... declare things that are right.

Isa. xlv. 19.
4. (Com.) To make full statement of, as goods, etc., for the purpose of paying taxes, duties, etc.

To declare off, to recede from an agreement, undertaking, contract, etc.; to renounce. -- To declare one's self, to avow one's opinion; to show openly what one thinks, or which side he espouses.

 De*clare", v. i. 1. To make a declaration, or an open and explicit avowal; to proclaim one's self; -- often with for or against; as, victory declares against the allies.

 Like fawning courtiers, for success they wait, And then come smiling, and declare for fate.

Dryden.
2. (Law) To state the plaintiff's cause of action at law in a legal form; as, the plaintiff declares in trespass.

 De*clar"ed*ly (?), adv. Avowedly; explicitly.

 De*clar"ed*ness, n. The state of being declared.

 De*clare"ment (?), n. Declaration. [Obs.]

 De*clar"er (?), n. One who makes known or proclaims; that which exhibits. Udall.
 De*clen"sion (?), n. [Apparently corrupted fr. F. déclinaison, fr. L. declinatio, fr. declinare. See Decline, and cf.
 Declination.] 1. The act or the state of declining; declination; descent; slope.

 The declension of the land from that place to the sea.

T. Burnet.
2. A falling off towards a worse state; a downward tendency; deterioration; decay; as, the declension of virtue, of science, of a state, etc.

 Seduced the pitch and height of all his thoughts To base declension.

Shak.
3. Act of courteously refusing; act of declining; a declinature; refusal; as, the declension of a nomination.

4. (Gram.) (a) Inflection of nouns, adjectives, etc., according to the grammatical cases. (b) The form of the inflection of a word declined by cases; as, the first or the second declension of nouns, adjectives, etc. (c) Rehearsing a word as declined.

 The nominative was held to be the primary and original form, and was likened to a perpendicular line; the variations, or oblique cases, were regarded as fallings (hence called casus, cases, or fallings) from the nominative or perpendicular; and an enumerating of the various forms, being a sort of progressive descent from the noun's upright form, was called a declension. Harris.
Declension of the needle, declination of the needle.

 De*clen"sion*al (?), a. Belonging to declension.

Declensional and syntactical forms.

M. Arnold.
 De*clin"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. déclinable. See Decline.]
 Capable of being declined; admitting of declension or inflection; as, declinable parts of speech.

 De*clin"al (?), a. Declining; sloping.

 Dec"li*nate (?), a. [L. declinatus, p. p. of declinare.
 See Decline.] Bent downward or aside; (Bot.) bending downward in a curve; declined.

 Dec'li*na"tion (?), n. [L. declinatio a bending aside, an avoiding: cf. F. déclination a decadence. See Declension.]
 1. The act or state of bending downward; inclination; as, declination of the head.

2. The act or state of falling off or declining from excellence or perfection; deterioration; decay; decline. "The declination of monarchy." Bacon.
 Summer... is not looked on as a time Of declination or decay.

Waller.
3. The act of deviating or turning aside; oblique motion; obliquity; withdrawal.

 The declination of atoms in their descent.

Bentley.
 Every declination and violation of the rules.

South.
4. The act or state of declining or refusing; withdrawal; refusal; avers


ne.
 Bas'-re*lief" (&?;), n. [F. basrelief; bas low + relief raised work, relever to raise: cf. It. bassorilievo.]
 Low relief; sculpture, the figures of which project less than half of their true proportions; -- called also bass-relief and basso-rilievo.
 See Altorilievo.

 Bass (bs), n.; pl. Bass, and sometimes Basses (- z). [A corruption of barse.] (Zoöl.) 1. An edible, spiny-finned fish, esp. of the genera Roccus, Labrax, and related genera. There are many species.

 The common European bass is Labrax lupus. American species are: the striped bass (Roccus lineatus); white or silver bass of the lakes (R. chrysops); brass or yellow bass (R. interruptus).

2. The two American fresh-water species of black bass (genus Micropterus).
 See Black bass.

3. Species of Serranus, the sea bass and rock bass. See Sea bass.

4. The southern, red, or channel bass (Sciæna ocellata).
 See Redfish.

 The name is also applied to many other fishes. See Calico bass, under Calico.

 Bass, n. [A corruption of bast.] 1. (Bot.) The linden or lime tree, sometimes wrongly called whitewood; also, its bark, which is used for making mats. See Bast.

2. (Pron. &?;) A hassock or thick mat.

 Bass (&?;), n. [F. basse, fr. bas low. See Base, a.]

1. A bass, or deep, sound or tone.

2. (Mus.) (a) The lowest part in a musical composition. (b) One who sings, or the instrument which plays, bass. [Written also base.]

Thorough bass. See Thorough bass.

 Bass, a. Deep or grave in tone.

Bass clef (Mus.), the character placed at the beginning of the staff containing the bass part of a musical composition. [See Illust.
 under Clef.] -- Bass voice, a deep-sounding voice; a voice fitted for singing bass.

 Bass, v. t. To sound in a deep tone. [R.] Shak.
 { Bas"sa (&?;), Bas*saw" } (&?;), n. See Bashaw.

 Bass' drum" (&?;). (Mus.) The largest of the different kinds of drums, having two heads, and emitting a deep, grave sound. See Bass, a. Bas"set (bs"st or bs*st"), n. [F. bassette, fr. It.
 bassetta. Cf. Basso.] A game at cards, resembling the modern faro, said to have been invented at Venice.

 Some dress, some dance, some play, not to forget Your piquet parties, and your dear basset. Rowe.
 Bas"set (bs"st), a. [Cf. OF. basset somewhat low, dim. of bas low.] (Geol.) Inclined upward; as, the basset edge of strata. Lyell.
 Bas"set, n. (Geol.) The edge of a geological stratum at the surface of the ground; the outcrop.

 Bas"set, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Basseted; p. pr. & vb. n. Basseting.] (Geol.) To incline upward so as to appear at the surface; to crop out; as, a vein of coal bassets.

 Bas"set horn' (hôrn'). [See Basset, a.] (Mus.) An instrument blown with a reed, and resembling a clarinet, but of much greater compass, embracing nearly four octaves.

 Bas"set hound' (&?;). [F. basset.] (Zoöl.) A small kind of hound with a long body and short legs, used as an earth dog.

 Bas"set*ing, n. The upward direction of a vein in a mine; the emergence of a stratum at the surface.

 ||Bas*set"to (&?;), n. [It., adj., somewhat low; n., counter tenor. See Basso.] (Mus.) A tenor or small bass viol.

 Bass" horn" (&?;). (Mus.) A modification of the bassoon, much deeper in tone.

 Bas"si*net (&?;), n. [Cf. F. bassinet, dim. of bassin.
 See Basin, and cf. Bascinet.] 1. A wicker basket, with a covering or hood over one end, in which young children are placed as in a cradle.

2. See Bascinet. Lord Lytton.
 ||Bas"so (&?;), n. [It., fr. LL. bassus. See Base, a.]
 (Mus.) (a) The bass or lowest part; as, to sing basso.
 (b) One who sings the lowest part. (c) The double bass, or contrabasso.

||Basso continuo (&?;). [It., bass continued.] (Mus.) A bass part written out continuously, while the other parts of the harmony are indicated by figures attached to the bass; continued bass.

 Bas"sock (&?;), n. A hassock. See 2d Bass, 2.

 Bas*soon" (&?;), n. [F. basson, fr. basse bass; or perh. fr. bas son low sound. See Bass a part in music. ] (Mus.)
 A wind instrument of the double reed kind, furnished with holes, which are stopped by the fingers, and by keys, as in flutes. It forms the natural bass to the oboe, clarinet, etc.

 Its compass comprehends three octaves. For convenience of carriage it is divided into two parts; whence it is also called a fagot.

 Bas*soon"ist, n. A performer on the bassoon. Busby.
 { ||Bas"so-ri*lie"vo (&?;), Bas"so-re*lie"vo } (&?;), n.
 [It. basso-rilievo.] Same as Basrelief.

 Bas"so*rin (&?;), n. [Cf. F. bassorine.] (Chem.)
 A constituent part of a species of gum from Bassora, as also of gum tragacanth and some gum resins. It is one of the amyloses. Ure.
 Bass"-re*lief' (&?;), n. Same as Basrelief.

 Bass" vi'ol (&?;). (Mus.) A stringed instrument of the viol family, used for playing bass. See 3d Bass, n., and Violoncello.

 Bass"wood' (&?;), n. (Bot.) The bass (Tilia) or its wood; especially, T. Americana. See Bass, the lime tree.

 All the bowls were made of basswood, White and polished very smoothly. Longfellow.
 Bast (&?;), n. [AS. bæst; akin to Icel., Sw., Dan., D., & G. bast, of unknown origin. Cf. Bass the tree.] 1.
 The inner fibrous bark of various plants; esp. of the lime tree; hence, matting, cordage, etc., made therefrom.

2. A thick mat or hassock. See 2d Bass, 2.

 ||Bas"ta (&?;), interj. [It.] Enough; stop. Shak.
 Bas"tard (&?;), n. [OF. bastard, bastart, F. b&?;tard, prob. fr. OF. bast, F. b&?;t, a packsaddle used as a bed by the muleteers (fr. LL. bastum) + -ard. OF. fils de bast son of the packsaddle; as the muleteers were accustomed to use their saddles for beds in the inns. See C


over the eyes, feet, and chaps; and what is more singular, he figures the Alco, or native domestic dog of Mexico, as black and white, with narrow tan-coloured rings round the eyes; at the Exhibition of dogs in London, May 1863, a so-called forest dog from North-West Mexico was shown, which had pale tan-coloured spots over the eyes. The occurrence of these tan-coloured spots in dogs of such extremely different breeds, living in various parts of the world, makes the fact highly remarkable.

 We shall hereafter see, especially in the chapter on Pigeons, that coloured marks are strongly inherited, and that they often aid us in discovering the primitive forms of our domestic races. Hence, if any wild canine species had distinctly exhibited the tan-coloured spots over the eyes, it might have been argued that this was the parent-form of nearly all our domestic races. But after looking at many coloured plates, and through the whole collection of skins in the British Museum, I can find no species thus marked. It is no doubt possible that some extinct species was thus coloured. On the other hand, in looking at the various species, there seems to be a tolerably plain correlation between tan-coloured legs and face; and less frequently between black legs and a black face; and this general rule of colouring explains to a certain extent the above-given cases of correlation between the eye-spots and the colour of the feet. Moreover, some jackals and foxes have a trace of a white ring round their eyes, as in C. mesomelas, C. aureus, and (judging from Colonel H. Smith's drawing) in C. alopex, and C. thaleb. Other species have a trace of a black line over the corners of the eyes, as in C. variegatus, cinereo-variegatus, and fulvus, and the wild Dingo. Hence I am inclined to conclude that a tendency for tan-coloured spots to appear over the eyes in the various breeds of dogs, is analogous to the case observed by Desmarest, namely, that when any white appears on a dog the tip of the tail is always white, "de manière à rappeler la tache terminale de même couleur, qui caractérise la plupart des Canidés sauvages."[41] This rule, however, as I am assured by Mr. Jesse, does not invariably hold good.

 It has been objected that our domestic dogs cannot be descended from wolves or jackals, because their periods of gestation are different. The supposed difference rests on statements made by Buffon, Gilibert, Bechstein, and others; but these are now known to be erroneous; and the period is found to agree in the wolf, jackal, and dog, as closely as could be expected, for it is often in some degree variable.[42] Tessier, who has closely attended to this subject, allows a difference of four days in the gestation of the dog.
 The Rev. W. D. Fox has given me three carefully recorded cases of retrievers, in which the bitch was put only once to the dog; and not counting this day, but counting that of parturition, the periods were fifty-nine, sixty-two, and sixty-seven days. The average period is sixty-three days; but Bellingeri states that this applies only to large dogs; and that for small races it is from sixty to sixty-three days; Mr.
 Eyton of Eyton, who has had much experience with dogs, also informs me that the time is apt to be longer with large than with small dogs.

 F. Cuvier has objected that the jackal would not have been domesticated on account of its offensive smell; but savages are not sensitive in this respect. The degree of odour, also, differs in the different kinds of jackal;[43] and Colonel H. Smith makes a sectional division of the group with one character dependent on not being offensive.
 On the other hand, dogs— for instance, rough and smooth terriers—differ much in this respect; and M. Godron states that the hairless so-called Turkish dog is more odoriferous than other dogs. Isidore Geoffroy[44] gave to a dog the same odour as that from a jackal by feeding it on raw flesh.

 The belief that our dogs are descended from wolves, jackals, South American Canidæ, and other species, suggests a far more important difficulty. These animals in their undomesticated state, judging from a widely-spread analogy, would have been in some degree sterile if intercrossed; and such sterility will be admitted as almost certain by all those who believe that the lessened fertility of crossed forms is an infallible criterion of specific distinctness. Anyhow these animals keep distinct in the countries which they inhabit in common. On the other hand, all domestic dogs, which are here supposed to be descended from several distinct species, are, as far as is known, mutually fertile together. But, as Broca has well remarked,[45] the fertility of successive generations of mongrel dogs has never been scrutinised with that care which is thought indispensable when species are crossed. The few facts leading to the conclusion that the sexual feelings and reproductive powers differ in the several races of the dog when crossed are (passing over mere size as rendering propagation difficult) as follows: the Mexican Alco[46] apparently dislikes dogs of other kinds, but this perhaps is not strictly a sexual feeling; the hairless endemic dog of Paraguay, according to Rengger, mixes less with the European races than these do with each other; the Spitz dog in Germany is said to receive the fox more readily than do other breeds; and Dr. Hodgkin states that a female Dingo in England attracted the male wild foxes. If these latter statements can be trusted, they prove some degree of sexual difference in the breeds of the dog. But the fact remains that our domestic dogs, differing so widely as they do in external structure, are far more fertile together than we have reason to believe their supposed wild parents would have been. Pallas assumes[47] that a long course of domestication eliminates that sterility which the parent-species would have exhibited if only lately captured; no distinct facts are recorded in support of this hypothesis; but the evidence seems to me so strong (independently of the evidence derived from other domesticated animals) in favour of our domestic dogs having descended from several wild stocks, that I am inclined to admit the truth of this hypothesis.

 There is another and closely allied difficulty consequent on the doctrine of the descent of our domestic dogs from several wild species, namely, that they do not seem to be perfectly fertile with their supposed parents. But the experiment has not been quite fairly tried; the Hungarian dog, for instance, which in external appearance so closely resembles the European wolf, ought to be crossed with this wolf: and the pariah dogs of India with Indian wolves and jackals; and so in other cases. That the sterility is very slight between certain dogs and wolves and other Canidæ is shown by savages taking the trouble to cross them. Buffon got four successive generations from the wolf and dog, and the mongrels were perfectly fertile together.[48] But more lately M. Flourens states positively as the result of his numerous experiments that hybrids from the wolf and dog, crossed inter se, become sterile at the third generation, and those from the jackal and dog at the fourth generation.[49] But these animals were closely confined; and many wild animals, as we shall see in a future chapter, are rendered by confinement in some degree or even utterly sterile. The Dingo, which breeds freely in Australia with our imported dogs, would not breed though repeatedly crossed in the Jardin des Plantes.[50] Some hounds from Central Africa, brought home by Major Denham, never bred in the Town of London;[51] and a similar tendency to sterility might be transmitted to the hybrid offspring of a wild animal. Moreover, it appears that in M. Flourens' experiments the


THE VIOLET FAIRY BOOK By Various Edited By Andrew Lang TO VIOLET MYERS IS DEDICATED THE VIOLET FAIRY BOOK PREFACE The Editor takes this opportunity to repeat what he has often said before, that he is not the author of the stories in the Fairy Books; that he did not invent them 'out of his own head.' He is accustomed to being asked, by ladies, 'Have you written anything else except the Fairy Books?' He is then obliged to explain that he has NOT written the Fairy Books, but, save these, has written almost everything else, except hymns, sermons, and dramatic works.

 The stories in this Violet Fairy Book, as in all the others of the series, have been translated out of the popular traditional tales in a number of different languages. These stories are as old as anything that men have invented. They are narrated by naked savage women to naked savage children. They have been inherited by our earliest civilised ancestors, who really believed that beasts and trees and stones can talk if they choose, and behave kindly or unkindly. The stories are full of the oldest ideas of ages when science did not exist, and magic took the place of science. Anybody who has the curiosity to read the 'Legendary Australian Tales,' which Mrs. Langloh Parker has collected from the lips of the Australian savages, will find that these tales are closely akin to our own. Who were the first authors of them nobody knows—probably the first men and women. Eve may have told these tales to amuse Cain and Abel.
 As people grew more civilised and had kings and queens, princes and princesses, these exalted persons generally were chosen as heroes and heroines. But originally the characters were just 'a man,' and 'a woman,' and 'a boy,' and 'a girl,' with crowds of beasts, birds, and fishes, all behaving like human beings. When the nobles and other people became rich and educated, they forgot the old stories, but the country people did not, and handed them down, with changes at pleasure, from generation to generation. Then learned men collected and printed the country people's stories, and these we have translated, to amuse children. Their tastes remain like the tastes of their naked ancestors, thousands of years ago, and they seem to like fairy tales better than history, poetry, geography, or arithmetic, just as grown-up people like novels better than anything else.

 This is the whole truth of the matter. I have said so before, and I say so again. But nothing will prevent children from thinking that I invented the stories, or some ladies from being of the same opinion. But who really invented the stories nobody knows; it is all so long ago, long before reading and writing were invented. The first of the stories actually written down, were written in Egyptian hieroglyphs, or on Babylonian cakes of clay, three or four thousand years before our time.

 Of the stories in this book, Miss Blackley translated 'Dwarf Long Nose,' 'The Wonderful Beggars,' 'The Lute Player,' 'Two in a Sack,' and 'The Fish that swam in the Air.' Mr. W. A. Craigie translated from the Scandinavian, 'Jasper who herded the Hares.' Mrs. Lang did the rest.

 Some of the most interesting are from the Roumanion, and three were previously published in the late Dr. Steere's 'Swahili Tales.' By the permission of his representatives these three African stories have here been abridged and simplified for children.

CONTENTS PREFACE A TALE OF THE TONTLAWALD THE FINEST LIAR IN THE WORLD THE STORY OF THREE WONDERFUL BEGGARS SCHIPPEITARO THE THREE PRINCES AND THEIR BEASTS (LITHUANIAN FAIRY TALE) THE GOAT'S EARS OF THE EMPEROR TROJAN THE NINE PEA-HENS AND THE GOLDEN APPLES THE LUTE PLAYER THE GRATEFUL PRINCE THE CHILD WHO CAME FROM AN EGG STAN BOLOVAN THE TWO FROGS THE STORY OF A GAZELLE HOW A FISH SWAM IN THE AIR AND A HARE IN THE WATER.
 TWO IN A SACK THE ENVIOUS NEIGHBOUR THE FAIRY OF THE DAWN THE ENCHANTED KNIFE JESPER WHO HERDED THE HARES THE UNDERGROUND WORKERS THE HISTORY OF DWARF LONG NOSE THE NUNDA, EATER OF PEOPLE THE STORY OF HASSEBU THE MAIDEN WITH THE WOODEN HELMET THE MONKEY AND THE JELLY-FISH THE HEADLESS DWARFS THE YOUNG MAN WHO WOULD HAVE HIS EYES OPENED THE BOYS WITH THE GOLDEN STARS THE FROG THE PRINCESS WHO WAS HIDDEN UNDERGROUND THE GIRL WHO PRETENDED TO BE A BOY THE STORY OF HALFMAN THE PRINCE WHO WANTED TO SEE THE WORLD VIRGILIUS THE SORCERER MOGARZEA AND HIS SON A TALE OF THE TONTLAWALD Long, long ago there stood in the midst of a country covered with lakes a vast stretch of moorland called the Tontlawald, on which no man ever dared set foot. From time to time a few bold spirits had been drawn by curiosity to its borders, and on their return had reported that they had caught a glimpse of a ruined house in a grove of thick trees, and round about it were a crowd of beings resembling men, swarming over the grass like bees.
 The men were as dirty and ragged as gipsies, and there were besides a quantity of old women and half-naked children.

 One night a peasant who was returning home from a feast wandered a little farther into the Tontlawald, and came back with the same story. A countless number of women and children were gathered round a huge fire, and some were seated on the ground, while others danced strange dances on the smooth grass. One old crone had a broad iron ladle in her hand, with which every now and then she stirred the fire, but the moment she touched the glowing ashes the children rushed away, shrieking like night owls, and it was a long while before they ventured to steal back. And besides all this there had once or twice been seen a little old man with a long beard creeping out of the forest, carrying a sack bigger than himself. The women and children ran by his side, weeping and trying to drag the sack from off his back, but he shook them off, and went on his way. There was also a tale of a magnificent black cat as large as a foal, but men could not believe all the wonders told by the peasant, and it was difficult to make out what was true and what was false in his story. However, the fact remained that strange things did happen there, and the King of Sweden, to whom this part of the country belonged, more than once gave orders to cut down the haunted wood, but there was no one with courage enough to obey his commands. At length one man, bolder than the rest, struck his axe into a tree, but his blow was followed by a stream of blood and shrieks as of a human creature in pain. The terrified woodcutter fled as fast as his legs would carry him, and after that neither orders nor threats would drive anybody to the enchanted moor.

 A few miles from


THE THREE CHRISTMAS WAITS.

 LINES ON A LATE HOSPICIOUS EWENT.* THE BALLAD OF ELIZA DAVIS.

 DAMAGES, TWO HUNDRED POUNDS.

 THE KNIGHT AND THE LADY.

 JACOB HOMNIUM'S HOSS.

 THE SPECULATORS.

 A WOEFUL NEW BALLAD THE LAMENTABLE BALLAD OF THE FOUNDLING OF SHOREDITCH.

 THE ORGAN-BOY'S APPEAL.

 LITTLE BILLEE.* THE END OF THE PLAY.

 VANITAS VANITATUM.


so as to have the same name or relation.

2. Equivocally; ambiguously.

 Ho*mon"y*my (?), n. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. homonymie.] 1.
 Sameness of name or designation; identity in relations. Holland.
Homonymy may be as well in place as in persons.

Fuller.
2. Sameness of name or designation of things or persons which are different; ambiguity.

 Ho'mo*ör"gan (?). [Homo- + organ.] Same as Homoplast.

 Ho'mo*ou"si*an (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; the same + &?; being, essence, substance.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of those, in the 4th century, who accepted the Nicene creed, and maintained that the Son had the same essence or substance with the Father; -- opposed to homoiousian.

 Ho'mo*ou"si*an, a. Of or pertaining to the Homoousians, or to the doctrines they held.

 Hom"o*phone (?), n. [Cf. F. homophone. See Homophonous.] 1.
 A letter or character which expresses a like sound with another. Gliddon.
2. A word having the same sound as another, but differing from it in meaning and usually in spelling; as, all and awl; bare and bear; rite, write, right, and wright.

 { Ho'mo*phon"ic (?), Ho*moph"o*nous (?), } a. [Gr. &?;; &?; the same + &?; sound, tone: cf. F. homophone.] 1. (Mus.)
(a) Originally, sounding alike; of the same pitch; unisonous; monodic. (b) Now used for plain harmony, note against note, as opposed to polyphonic harmony, in which the several parts move independently, each with its own melody.

2. Expressing the same sound by a different combination of letters; as, bay and bey.

 Ho*moph"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. homophonie.] 1.
 Sameness of sound.

2. (Mus.) (a) Sameness of sound; unison. (b) Plain harmony, as opposed to polyphony. See Homophonous.

 Ho'mo*phyl"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to homophily.

 Ho*moph"y*ly (?), n. [Homo- + Gr. &?; a clan.] (Biol.)
 That form of homology due to common ancestry (phylogenetic homology), in opposition to homomorphy, to which genealogic basis is wanting. Haeckel.
 Ho"mo*plas'my (?), n. [Homo- + Gr. &?; anything formed, fr. &?; to form, mold.] (Biol.) Resemblance between different plants or animals, in external shape, in general habit, or in organs, which is not due to descent from a common ancestor, but to similar surrounding circumstances.

 Hom"o*plast (?), n. (Biol.) One of the plastids composing the idorgan of Haeckel; -- also called homoörgan.

 Ho'mo*plas"tic (?), a. [Homo- + plastic.] Of or pertaining to homoplasty; as, homoplasticorgans; homoplastic forms.

 Ho"mo*plas'ty (?), n. [Homo- + plasty.] (Biol.)
 The formation of homologous tissues.

 Ho*mop"la*sy (?), n. [Homo- + Gr. &?; to form, mold.] (Biol.)
 See Homogeny.

 Ho'mo*pol"ic (?), a. [Homo- + pole.] (Biol.)
 In promorphology, pertaining to or exhibiting that kind of organic form, in which the stereometric ground form is a pyramid, with similar poles.
 See Promorphology.

 Ho*mop"ter (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Homoptera.

 ||Ho*mop"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the same, like + &?; wing.] (Zoöl.) A suborder of Hemiptera, in which both pairs of wings are similar in texture, and do not overlap when folded, as in the cicada. See Hemiptera.

 Ho*mop"ter*an (?), n. (Zoöl.) An homopter.

 Ho*mop"ter*ous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Homoptera.

 Ho"mo*styled (?), a. [Homo- + style.] (Bot.)
 Having only one form of pistils; -- said of the flowers of some plants. Darwin.
 Ho'mo*sys*tem"ic (?), a. [Homo- + systemic.] (Biol.)
 Developing, in the case of multicellular organisms, from the same embryonic systems into which the secondary unit (gastrula or plant enbryo) differentiates.

 ||Ho'mo*tax"i*a (?), n. [NL.] Same as Homotaxis.

 { Ho'mo*tax"i*al (?), Ho'mo*tax"ic (?), } a. (Biol.)
 Relating to homotaxis.

 ||Ho'mo*tax"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the same + &?; arrangement.] (Biol.) Similarly in arrangement of parts; -- the opposite of heterotaxy.

 Ho"mo*tax'y (?), n. Same as Homotaxis.

 { Ho'mo*ther"mic (?), Ho'mo*ther"mous (?), } a. [Homo- + Gr.
 &?; heat.] (Physiol.) Warm-blooded; homoiothermal; hæmatothermal.

 Ho*mot"o*nous (?), a. [L. homotonus, Gr. &?;; &?; the same + &?; tone.] Of the same tenor or tone; equable; without variation.

 { Ho*mot"ro*pal (?), Ho*mot"ro*pous (?), } a. [Gr. &?;; &?; the same + &?; turn, fr. &?; to turn: cf. F. homotrope.] 1.
 Turned in the same direction with something else.

2. (Bot.) Having the radicle of the seed directed towards the hilum.

 Ho"mo*ty'pal (?), a. (Biol.) Of the same type of structure; pertaining to a homotype; as, homotypal parts.

 Hom"o*type (?), n. [Homo- + - type.] (Biol.)
 That which has the same fundamental type of structure with something else; thus, the right arm is the homotype of the right leg; one arm is the homotype of the other, etc. Owen.
 { Ho'mo*typ"ic (?), Ho'mo*typ"ic*al (?), } a. (Biol.) Same as Homotypal.

 Ho"mo*ty'py (?), n. [See Homotype.] (Biol.) A term suggested by Haeckel to be instead of serial homology. See Homotype.

 ||Ho*mun"cu*lus (?), n.; pl. Homunculi (#). [L., dim.
 of homo man.] A little man; a dwarf; a manikin. Sterne.
 Hond (?), n. Hand. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Hone (?), v. i. [Etymology uncertain. √37.] To pine; to lament; to long. Lamb.
 Hone, n. [Cf. Icel. hn a knob.] A kind of swelling in the cheek.

 Hone, n. [AS. hn; akin to Icel. hein, OSw. hen; cf. Skr. ça, also ç, çi, to


good angels preserve the king.

Shak.
2. To save from decay by the use of some preservative substance, as sugar, salt, etc.; to season and prepare for remaining in a good state, as fruits, meat, etc.; as, to preserve peaches or grapes.

 You can not preserve it from tainting.

Shak.
3. To maintain throughout; to keep intact; as, to preserve appearances; to preserve silence.

To preserve game, to protect it from extermination.

Syn. -- To keep; save; secure; uphold; sustain; defend; spare; protect; guard; shield. See Keep.

 Pre*serve", v. i. 1. To make preserves. Shak.
2. To protect game for purposes of sport.

 Pre*serve", n. 1. That which is preserved; fruit, etc., seasoned and kept by suitable preparation; esp., fruit cooked with sugar; -- commonly in the plural.

2. A place in which game, fish, etc., are preserved for purposes of sport, or for food.

 Pre*serv"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, preserves, saves, or defends, from destruction, injury, or decay; esp., one who saves the life or character of another. Shak.
2. One who makes preserves of fruit.

Game preserver. See under Game.

 Pre*show" (?), v. t. To foreshow.

 Pre*side" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Presided; p. pr.
 & vb. n. Presiding.] [L. praesidere; prae before + sedere to sit: cf. F. présider. See Sit.] 1.
 To be set, or to sit, in the place of authority; to occupy the place of president, chairman, moderator, director, etc.; to direct, control, and regulate, as chief officer; as, to preside at a public meeting; to preside over the senate.

2. To exercise superintendence; to watch over.

 Some o'er the public magazines preside.

Dryden.
 Pres"i*dence (?), n. See Presidency. [Obs.]

 Pres"i*den*cy (?), n.; pl. Presidencies (#). [Cf. F.
 présidence.] 1. The function or condition of one who presides; superintendence; control and care.

2. The office of president; as, Washington was elected to the presidency.

3. The term during which a president holds his office; as, during the presidency of Madison.

4. One of the three great divisions of British India, the Bengal, Madras, and Bombay Presidencies, each of which had a council of which its governor was president.

 Pres"i*dent (?), n. Precedent. [Obs.] Bacon.
 Pres"i*dent, a. Occupying the first rank or chief place; having the highest authority; presiding. [R.]

 His angels president In every province.

Milton.
 Pres"i*dent, n. [F. président, L. praesidens, -entis, p. pr. of praesidere. See Preside.] 1. One who is elected or appointed to preside; a presiding officer, as of a legislative body. Specifically: (a) The chief officer of a corporation, company, institution, society, or the like. (b) The chief executive officer of the government in certain republics; as, the president of the United States.

2. A protector; a guardian; a presiding genius. [Obs.]

 Just Apollo, president of verse.

Waller.
 Pres'i*den"tial (?), a. 1. Presiding or watching over. "Presidential angels." Glanvill.
2. Of or pertaining to a president; as, the presidential chair; a presidential election.

 Pres"i*dent*ship (?), n. The office and dignity of president; presidency. Hooker.
 Pre*sid"er (?), n. One who presides.

 { Pre*sid"i*al (?), Pre*sid"i*a*ry (?), } a. [L. praesidialis and praesidiarius, fr. praesidium a presiding over, defense, guard. See Preside.] Of or pertaining to a garrison; having a garrison.

 There are three presidial castles in this city.

Howell.
 Pre*sid"i*a*ry, n. [L. praesidiarium.] A guard. [Obs.]
 "Heavenly presidiaries." Bp. Hall.
 Pre*sid"ing (?), a. & n. from Preside.

Presiding elder. See under 2d Elder.

 ||Pre*si"di*o (?), n. [Sp.] A place of defense; a fortress; a garrison; a fortress; a garrison or guardhouse.

 Pre*sig'ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [&?;. praesignificatio.
 See Presignify.] The act of signifying or showing beforehand.

 Pre*sig"ni*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Presignified (?); imp. & p. p. Presignifying.] [L. praesignificare; prae before + significare to signify.] To intimate or signify beforehand; to presage.

 Pre*sphe"noid (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the sphenoid bone; of or pertaining to the anterior part of the sphenoid bone (i. e., the presphenoid bone).

Presphenoid bone (Anat.), the anterior part of the body of the sphenoid bone in front of the basisphenoid. It is usually a separate bone in the young or fetus, but becomes a part of the sphenoid in the adult.

 Pre*sphe"noid, n. (Anat.) The presphenoid bone.

 Pre'sphe*noid"al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the presphenoid bone; presphenoid.

 Pre*spi"nal (?), a. (Anat.) Prevertebral.

 Press (?), n. (Zoöl.) An East Indian insectivore (Tupaia ferruginea). It is arboreal in its habits, and has a bushy tail. The fur is soft, and varies from rusty red to maroon and to brownish black.

 Press, v. t. [Corrupt. fr. prest ready money advanced, a loan; hence, earnest money given soldiers on entering service. See Prest, n.] To force into service, particularly into naval service; to impress.

 To peaceful peasant to the wars is pressed.

Dryden.
 Press, n. [For prest, confused with press.] A commission to force men into public service, particularly into the navy.

 I have misused the king's press.

Shak.
Press gang, or Pressgang, a detachment of seamen under the command of an officer empowered to force men into the naval service. See Impress gang, under Impress. -- Press money, money paid to a man enlisted into public service. See Prest money, under Prest, a. Press, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pressed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pressing.] [F. presser, fr. L. pressare to press, fr. premere, pressum, to press. Cf. Print, v.] 1.
 To urge, or act upon, with force, as weight; to act upon by pushing or thrusting, in distinction from pulling; to crowd or compel by a gradual and continued exertion; to bear upon; to squeeze; to compress; as, we press the ground with the feet when we walk; we press the couch on which we repose; we press substances with the hands, fingers, or arms; we are pressed in a crowd.

 Good measure, pressed down, and shaken together.

Luke vi


"ple (&?;), v. t. To tinge or dye with a purple color.

 Be*queath" (b*kw"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bequeathed (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Bequeathing.] [OE. biquethen, AS. becweðan to say, affirm, bequeath; pref. be- + cweðan to say, speak. See Quoth.] 1. To give or leave by will; to give by testament; -- said especially of personal property.

 My heritage, which my dead father did bequeath to me. Shak.
2. To hand down; to transmit.

 To bequeath posterity somewhat to remember it. Glanvill.
3. To give; to offer; to commit. [Obs.]

 To whom, with all submission, on my knee I do bequeath my faithful services And true subjection everlastingly. Shak.
Syn. -- To Bequeath, Devise. Both these words denote the giving or disposing of property by will. Devise, in legal usage, is property used to denote a gift by will of real property, and he to whom it is given is called the devisee. Bequeath is properly applied to a gift by will or legacy; i. e., of personal property; the gift is called a legacy, and he who receives it is called a legatee.
 In popular usage the word bequeath is sometimes enlarged so as to embrace devise; and it is sometimes so construed by courts.

 Be*queath"a*ble (&?;), a. Capable of being bequeathed.

 Be*queath"al (&?;), n. The act of bequeathing; bequeathment; bequest. Fuller.
 Be*queath"ment (&?;), n. The act of bequeathing, or the state of being bequeathed; a bequest.

 Be*quest" (&?;), n. [OE. biquest, corrupted fr. bequide; pref. be- + AS. cwide a saying, becweðan to bequeath. The ending -est is probably due to confusion with quest.
 See Bequeath, Quest.] 1. The act of bequeathing or leaving by will; as, a bequest of property by A. to B.

2. That which is left by will, esp. personal property; a legacy; also, a gift.

 Be*quest", v. t. To bequeath, or leave as a legacy. [Obs.] "All I have to bequest." Gascoigne.
 Be*queth"en (&?;), old p. p. of Bequeath. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Be*quote" (&?;), v. t. To quote constantly or with great frequency.

 Be*rain (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Berained (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Beraining.] To rain upon; to wet with rain.
 [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Be*rate" (b*rt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Berated; p. pr.
 & vb. n. Berating.] To rate or chide vehemently; to scold. Holland.
Motley.
 Be*rat"tle (b*rt"t'l), v. t. To make rattle; to scold vociferously; to cry down. [Obs.] Shak.
 Be*ray" (b*r"), v. t. [Pref. be + ray to defile] To make foul; to soil; to defile. [Obs.] Milton.
 ||Berbe (brb), n. [Cf. Berber, Barb a Barbary horse.] (Zoöl.)
 An African genet (Genetta pardina). See Genet.

 Ber"ber (br"br), n. [See Barbary.] A member of a race somewhat resembling the Arabs, but often classed as Hamitic, who were formerly the inhabitants of the whole of North Africa from the Mediterranean southward into the Sahara, and who still occupy a large part of that region; -- called also Kabyles. Also, the language spoken by this people.

 Ber"ber*ine (&?;), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid obtained, as a bitter, yellow substance, from the root of the barberry, gold thread, and other plants.

 Ber"ber*ry (&?;), n. See Barberry.

 Ber"dash (&?;), n. A kind of neckcloth. [Obs.]

 A treatise against the cravat and berdash. Steele.
 Bere (br), v. t. [Cf. OIcel. berja to strike.] To pierce.
 [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Bere, n. See Bear, barley. [Scot.]

 Be*reave" (b*rv"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bereaved (b*rvd"), Bereft (b*rft"); p. pr. & vb. n. Bereaving.] [OE. bireven, AS. bereáfian. See Be-, and Reave.]

1. To make destitute; to deprive; to strip; -- with of before the person or thing taken away.

 Madam, you have bereft me of all words. Shak.
Bereft of him who taught me how to sing. Tickell.
2. To take away from. [Obs.]

 All your interest in those territories Is utterly bereft you; all is lost. Shak.
3. To take away. [Obs.]

 Shall move you to bereave my life. Marlowe.
 The imp. and past pple. form bereaved is not used in reference to immaterial objects. We say bereaved or bereft by death of a relative, bereft of hope and strength.

Syn. -- To dispossess; to divest.

 Be*reave"ment (&?;), n. The state of being bereaved; deprivation; esp., the loss of a relative by death.

 Be*reav"er (&?;), n. One who bereaves.

 Be*reft" (b*rft"), imp. & p. p. of Bereave.

 Be*ret"ta (&?;), n. Same as Berretta.

 Berg (&?;), n. [√95. See Barrow hill, and cf. Iceberg.] A large mass or hill, as of ice.

 Glittering bergs of ice. Tennyson.
 Ber"ga*mot (br"g*mt), n. [F. bergamote, fr. It. bergamotta; prob. a corruption of Turk. beg armdi a lord's pear.] 1. (Bot.)
(a) A tree of the Orange family (Citrus bergamia), having a roundish or pear-shaped fruit, from the rind of which an essential oil of delicious odor is extracted, much prized as a perfume. Also, the fruit. (b) A variety of mint (Mentha aquatica, var. glabrata).

2. The essence or perfume made from the fruit.

3. A variety of pear. Johnson.
4. A variety of snuff perfumed with bergamot.

 The better hand... gives the nose its bergamot. Cowper.
5. A coarse tapestry, manufactured from flock of cotton or hemp, mixed with ox's or goat's hair; -- said to have been invented at Bergamo, Italy. Encyc. Brit.

Wild bergamot (Bot.), an American herb of the Mint family (Monarda fistulosa).

 Ber"gan*der (&?;), n. [Berg, for burrow + gander a male goose? Cf. G. bergente, Dan. gravgaas.] (Zoöl.)
 A European duck (Anas tadorna). See Sheldrake.

 Ber"ger*et (&?;), n. [OF. bergerete, F. berger a shepherd.] A pastoral song. [Obs.]

 Bergh (&?;),


to give or ask information; -- commonly attached to a staff to be waved by the wind; a standard; a banner; an ensign; the colors; as, the national flag; a military or a naval flag.

3. (Zoöl.) (a) A group of feathers on the lower part of the legs of certain hawks, owls, etc. (b) A group of elongated wing feathers in certain hawks. (c) The bushy tail of a dog, as of a setter.

Black flag. See under Black. -- Flag captain, Flag leutenant, etc., special officers attached to the flagship, as aids to the flag officer. -- Flag officer, the commander of a fleet or squadron; an admiral, or commodore. -- Flag of truse, a white flag carried or displayed to an enemy, as an invitation to conference, or for the purpose of making some communication not hostile. -- Flag share, the flag officer's share of prize money. -- Flag station (Railroad), a station at which trains do not stop unless signaled to do so, by a flag hung out or waved. -- National flag, a flag of a particular country, on which some national emblem or device, is emblazoned. -- Red flag, a flag of a red color, displayed as a signal of danger or token of defiance; the emblem of anarchists. -- To dip, the flag, to mlower it and quickly restore it to its place; -- done as a mark of respect. -- To hang out the white flag, to ask truce or quarter, or, in some cases, to manifest a friendly design by exhibiting a white flag. -- To hang the flag half-mast high or halfstaff, to raise it only half way to the mast or staff, as a token or sign of mourning. -- To strike, or lower, the flag, to haul it down, in token of respect, submission, or, in an engagement, of surrender. -- Yellow flag, the quarantine flag of all nations; also carried at a vessel's fore, to denote that an infectious disease is on board.

 Flag, v. t. [From Flag an ensign.] 1. To signal to with a flag; as, to flag a train.

2. To convey, as a message, by means of flag signals; as, to flag an order to troops or vessels at a distance.

 Flag, n. [From Flag to hang loose, to bend down.] (Bot.) An aquatic plant, with long, ensiform leaves, belonging to either of the genera Iris and Acorus.

Cooper's flag, the cat-tail (Typha latifolia), the long leaves of which are placed between the staves of barrels to make the latter water-tight. -- Corn flag. See under 2d Corn. -- Flag broom, a coarse of broom, originally made of flags or rushes. -- Flag root, the root of the sweet flag. -- Sweet flag. See Calamus, n., 2.

 Flag, v. t. To furnish or deck out with flags.

 Flag, n. [Icel. flaga, cf. Icel. flag spot where a turf has been cut out, and E. flake layer, scale. Cf. Floe.] 1.
 A flat stone used for paving. Woodward.
2. (Geol.) Any hard, evenly stratified sandstone, which splits into layers suitable for flagstones.

 Flag, v. t. To lay with flags of flat stones.

 The sides and floor are all flagged with... marble.

Sandys.
 Flag"el*lant (?), n. [L. flagellans, p. p. of flagellare: cf.F. flagellant. See Flagellate.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a fanatical sect which flourished in Europe in the 13th and 14th centuries, and maintained that flagellation was of equal virtue with baptism and the sacrament; -- called also disciplinant.

 ||Flag'el*la"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr.L. flagellatus, p. p. See Flagellate, v. t.] (Zoöl.) An order of Infusoria, having one or two long, whiplike cilia, at the anterior end. It includes monads. See Infusoria, and Monad.

 Flag"el*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flagellated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flagellating (?).] [L. flagellatus, p. p. of flagellare to scoure, fr. flagellum whip, dim. of flagrum whip, scoure; cf. fligere to strike. Cf. Flall.] To whip; to scourge; to flog.

 Fla*gel"late (?), a. 1. Flagelliform.

2. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Flagellata.

 Flag'el*la"tion (?), n. [L. flagellatio: cf. F. flagellation.]
 A beating or flogging; a whipping; a scourging. Garth.
 Flag"el*la'tor (?), n. One who practices flagellation; one who whips or scourges.

 Fla*gel"li*form (?), a. [L. flagellum a whip + -form.]
 Shaped like a whiplash; long, slender, round, flexible, and (comming) tapering.

 ||Fla*gel"lum (?), n.; pl. E. Flagellums (#), L. Flagella (#). [L., a whip. See Flagellate, v. t.] 1. (Bot.) A young, flexible shoot of a plant; esp., the long trailing branch of a vine, or a slender branch in certain mosses.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) A long, whiplike cilium. See Flagellata. (b) An appendage of the reproductive apparatus of the snail. (c) A lashlike appendage of a crustacean, esp. the terminal ortion of the antennæ and the epipodite of the maxilipeds. See Maxilliped.

 Flag"eo*let' (?), n. [F. flageolet, dim. of OF. flaj&?;l (as if fr. a LL. flautio;us), of flaüte, flahute, F. fl&?;te. See Flute.] (Mus.) A small wooden pipe, having six or more holes, and a mouthpiece inserted at one end. It produces a shrill sound, softer than of the piccolo flute, and is said to have superseded the old recorder.

Flageolet tones (Mus.), the naturel harmonics or overtones of stringed instruments.

 Flag"gi*ness (?), n. The condition of being flaggy; laxity; limberness. Johnson.
 Flag"ging (?), n. A pavement or sidewalk of flagstones; flagstones, collectively.

 Flag"ging, a. Growing languid, weak, or spiritless; weakening; delaying. -- Flag"ging*ly, adv.
 Flag"gy (?), a. 1. Weak; flexible; limber. "Flaggy wings." Spenser.
2. Tasteless; insipid; as, a flaggy apple. [Obs.] Bacon.
 Flag"gy, a. [From 5th Flag.] Abounding with the plant called flag; as, a flaggy marsh.

 Flag"i*tate (?), v. t. [L. flagitatus, p. p. of flagitare to demand. See Flagitious.] To importune; to demand fiercely or with passion. [Archaic] Carcyle.
 Flag'i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. flagitatio.] Importunity; urgent demand. [Archaic] Carlyle.
 Fla*gi"tious (?), a. [L. flagitiosus,


A MOUNTAIN WOMAN By Elia Wilkinson Peattie To My best Friend, and kindest Critic, My Husband.

 FOREWORD.

 MOST of the tales in this little book have been printed before. "A Mountain Woman" appeared in Harper's Weekly, as did "The Three Johns" and "A Resuscitation." "Jim Lancy's Waterloo" was printed in the Cosmopolitan, "A Michigan Man" in Lippincott's, and "Up the Gulch" in Two Tales. The courtesy of these periodicals in permitting the stories to be republished is cordially acknowledged.

 E. W. P. Contents FOREWORD.
 A Mountain Woman A Resuscitation Two Pioneers A Michigan Man A Lady of Yesterday A Mountain Woman IF Leroy Brainard had not had such a respect for literature, he would have written a book.

 As it was, he played at being an architect—and succeeded in being a charming fellow. My sister Jessica never lost an opportunity of laughing at his endeavors as an architect.

 "You can build an enchanting villa, but what would you do with a cathedral?" "I shall never have a chance at a cathedral," he would reply. "And, besides, it always seems to me so material and so impertinent to build a little structure of stone and wood in which to worship God!" You see what he was like? He was frivolous, yet one could never tell when he would become eloquently earnest.

 Brainard went off suddenly Westward one day. I suspected that Jessica was at the bottom of it, but I asked no questions; and I did not hear from him for months. Then I got a letter from Colorado.

 "I have married a mountain woman," he wrote. "None of your puny breed of modern femininity, but a remnant left over from the heroic ages,—a primitive woman, grand and vast of spirit, capable of true and steadfast wifehood. No sophistry about her; no knowledge even that there is sophistry. Heavens! man, do you remember the rondeaux and triolets I used to write to those pretty creatures back East? It would take a Saga man of the old Norseland to write for my mountain woman. If I were an artist, I would paint her with the north star in her locks and her feet on purple cloud. I suppose you are at the Pier. I know you usually are at this season. At any rate, I shall direct this letter thither, and will follow close after it. I want my wife to see something of life. And I want her to meet your sister." "Dear me!" cried Jessica, when I read the letter to her; "I don't know that I care to meet anything quite so gigantic as that mountain woman. I'm one of the puny breed of modern femininity, you know. I don't think my nerves can stand the encounter." "Why, Jessica!" I protested. She blushed a little.

 "Don't think bad of me, Victor. But, you see, I've a little scrap-book of those triolets upstairs." Then she burst into a peal of irresistible laughter. "I'm not laughing because I am piqued," she said frankly.
 "Though any one will admit that it is rather irritating to have a man who left you in a blasted condition recover with such extraordinary promptness. As a philanthropist, one of course rejoices, but as a woman, Victor, it must be admitted that one has a right to feel annoyed. But, honestly, I am not ungenerous, and I am going to do him a favor. I shall write, and urge him not to bring his wife here. A primitive woman, with the north star in her hair, would look well down there in the Casino eating a pineapple ice, wouldn't she? It's all very well to have a soul, you know; but it won't keep you from looking like a guy among women who have good dressmakers. I shudder at the thought of what the poor thing will suffer if he brings her here." Jessica wrote, as she said she would; but, for all that, a fortnight later she was walking down the wharf with the "mountain woman," and I was sauntering beside Leroy. At dinner Jessica gave me no chance to talk with our friend's wife, and I only caught the quiet contralto tones of her voice now and then contrasting with Jessica's vivacious soprano. A drizzling rain came up from the east with nightfall. Little groups of shivering men and women sat about in the parlors at the card-tables, and one blond woman sang love songs. The Brainards were tired with their journey, and left us early. When they were gone, Jessica burst into eulogy.

 "That is the first woman," she declared, "I ever met who would make a fit heroine for a book." "Then you will not feel under obligations to educate her, as you insinuated the other day?" "Educate her! I only hope she will help me to unlearn some of the things I know. I never saw such simplicity. It is antique!" "You're sure it's not mere vacuity?" "Victor! How can you? But you haven't talked with her. You must to-morrow. Good-night." She gathered up her trailing skirts and started down the corridor. Suddenly she turned back.
 "For Heaven's sake!" she whispered, in an awed tone, "I never even noticed what she had on!" The next morning early we made up a riding party, and I rode with Mrs.
 Brainard. She was as tall as I, and sat in her saddle as if quite unconscious of her animal. The road stretched hard and inviting under our horses' feet. The wind smelled salt. The sky was ragged with gray masses of cloud scudding across the blue. I was beginning to glow with exhilaration, when suddenly my companion drew in her horse.

 "If you do not mind, we will go back," she said.

 Her tone was dejected. I thought she was tired.

 "Oh, no!" she protested, when I apologized for my thoughtlessness in bringing her so far. "I'm not tired. I can ride all day. Where I come from, we have to ride if we want to go anywhere; but here there seems to be no particular place to—to reach." "Are you so utilitarian?" I asked, laughingly. "Must you always have some reason for everything you do? I do so many things just for the mere pleasure of doing them, I'm afraid you will have a very poor opinion of me." "That is not what I mean," she said, flushing, and turning her large gray eyes on me. "You must not think I have a reason for everything I do." She was very earnest, and it was evident that she was unacquainted with the art of making conversation. "But what I mean," she went on, "is that there is no place—no end—to reach." She looked back over her shoulder toward the west, where the trees marked the sky line, and an expression of loss and dissatisfaction came over her face. "You see," she said, apologetically, "I'm used to different things—to the mountains. I have never been where I could not see them before in my life." "Ah, I see! I suppose it is odd to look up and find them not there." "It's like being lost, this not having anything around you. At least, I mean


NORTH OF BOSTON By Robert Frost TO E. M. F. THIS BOOK OF PEOPLE CONTENTS The Pasture Mending Wall The Death of the Hired Man The Mountain A Hundred Collars Home Burial The Black Cottage Blueberries A Servant to Servants After Apple-picking The Code The Generations of Men The Housekeeper The Fear The Self-seeker The Wood-pile Good Hours The Pasture Mending Wall The Death of the Hired Man The Mountain A Hundred Collars Home Burial The Black Cottage Blueberries A Servant to Servants After Apple-picking The Code The Generations of Men The Housekeeper The Fear The Self-seeker The Wood-pile Good Hours


MAIN STREET AND OTHER POEMS by Alfred Joyce Kilmer [Alfred Joyce Kilmer, American (New Jersey & New York) Poet — _PHONE_.]

 [A number of these poems originally appeared in various periodicals.]

 To Mrs. Edmund Leamy CONTENTS MAIN STREET AND OTHER POEMS Main Street Roofs The Snowman in the Yard A Blue Valentine Houses In Memory Apology The Proud Poet Lionel Johnson Father Gerard Hopkins, S. J. Gates and Doors The Robe of Christ The Singing Girl The Annunciation Roses The Visitation Multiplication Thanksgiving The Thorn The Big Top Queen Elizabeth Speaks Mid-ocean in War-time In Memory of Rupert Brooke The New School Easter Week The Cathedral of Rheims Kings The White Ships and the Red MAIN STREET AND OTHER POEMS Main Street (For S. M. L.)

 Roofs (For Amelia Josephine Burr) The Snowman in the Yard (For Thomas Augustine Daly) A Blue Valentine (For Aline) Houses (For Aline) In Memory Apology (For Eleanor Rogers Cox) The Proud Poet (For Shaemas O Sheel) Lionel Johnson (For the Rev. John J. Burke, C. S. P.)

 Father Gerard Hopkins, S. J. Gates and Doors (For Richardson Little Wright) The Robe of Christ (For Cecil Chesterton) The Singing Girl (For the Rev. Edward F. Garesche, S. J.)

 The Annunciation (For Helen Parry Eden) Roses (For Katherine Bregy) The Visitation (For Louise Imogen Guiney) Multiplication (For S. M. E.)

 Thanksgiving (For John Bunker) The Thorn (For the Rev. Charles L. O'Donnell, C. S. C.)

 The Big Top Queen Elizabeth Speaks Mid-ocean in War-time (For My Mother) In Memory of Rupert Brooke The New School (For My Mother) Easter Week (In memory of Joseph Mary Plunkett) The Cathedral of Rheims (From the French of Emile Verhaeren) Kings (For the Rev. James B. Dollard) The White Ships and the Red (For Alden March) The following biographical information is from the Occasional Notes to 'A Treasury of War Poetry', 1919, edited by George Herbert Clarke.

 Kilmer, Joyce. He was born in New Brunswick, N.J., December 6, 1886. He had first joined the Officers' Reserve Corps, but soon resigned. Within seventeen days after the entrance of the United States into the war he left his journalistic career to enlist as a Private in the Seventh Regiment, National Guard, New York. Shortly before the Seventh left New York for Spartanburg, S.C., he was transferred at his own request to the 165th U.S. Infantry, formerly the 69th National Guard Regiment of New York. He accompanied the regiment as a Private to Camp Mills, Long Island.
 He was transferred from Company H to Headquarters Company, and became Senior Regimental Statistician. The regiment sailed for France in October, 1917, and there he was placed in the Adjutant's Office and made Sergeant.
 Thereafter he was attached to the Regimental Intelligence Staff as an observer, and showed great fidelity and courage in the tasks to which he was assigned. He was killed in action on July 30, 1918, while trying to locate hostile machine-guns in the Wood of the Burned Bridge, on the Ourcq. His war writings may be found in 'Main Street, and other Poems', and 'Joyce Kilmer, Poems, Essays and Letters'.


2. The act of becoming aërified, or of changing from a solid or liquid form into an aëriform state; the state of being aëriform.

 A"ër*i*form (?; 277), a. [L. aër air + -form: cf. F. aériforme.] Having the form or nature of air, or of an elastic fluid; gaseous. Hence fig.: Unreal.

 A"ër*i*fy (&?;), v. t. [L. aër air + -fly.]
 1. To infuse air into; to combine air with.

2. To change into an aëriform state.

 A"ër*o-. [Gr. &?;, &?;, air.] The combining form of the Greek word meaning air.

 A"ër*o*bies (&?;), n. pl. [Aëro- + Gr. &?; life.] (Biol.) Microörganisms which live in contact with the air and need oxygen for their growth; as the microbacteria which form on the surface of putrefactive fluids.

 A'ër*o*bi*ot"ic (?; 101), a. (Biol.) Related to, or of the nature of, aërobies; as, aërobiotic plants, which live only when supplied with free oxygen.

 A"ër*o*cyst (&?;), n. [Aëro- + cyst.]
 (Bot.) One of the air cells of algals.

 A"ër*o*dy*nam"ic (&?;), a. Pertaining to the force of air in motion.

 A'ër*o*dy*nam"ics (&?;), n. [Aëro- + dynamics: cf. F. aérodynamique.] The science which treats of the air and other gaseous bodies under the action of force, and of their mechanical effects.

 A'ër*og"no*sy (&?;), n. [Aëro- + Gr. &?; knowing, knowledge: cf. F. aérognosie.] The science which treats of the properties of the air, and of the part it plays in nature.
 Craig.
 A'ër*og"ra*pher (&?;), n. One versed in aëography: an aërologist.

 { A'ër*o*graph"ic (&?;), A'ër*o*graph"ic*al (&?;), } a. Pertaining to aërography; aërological.

 A'ër*og"ra*phy (&?;), n. [Aëro- + -graphy: cf. F. aérographie.] A description of the air or atmosphere; aërology.

 A'ër*o*hy'dro*dy*nam"ic (&?;), a. [Aëro- + hydrodynamic.]
 Acting by the force of air and water; as, an aërohydrodynamic wheel.

 A"ër*o*lite (&?;), n. [Aëro- + -lite: cf. F. aérolithe.] (Meteor.) A stone, or metallic mass, which has fallen to the earth from distant space; a meteorite; a meteoric stone.

 Some writers limit the word to stony meteorites.

 A"ër*o*lith (&?;), n. Same as A&?;rolite.

 A'ër*o*li*thol"o*gy (&?;), n. [Aëro- + lithology.]
 The science of aërolites.

 A'ër*o*lit"ic (&?;), a. Of or pertaining to aërolites; meteoric; as, aërolitic iron. Booth.
 { A'ër*o*log"ic (&?;), A'ër*o*log"ic*al (&?;), } a. Of or pertaining to aërology.

 A'ër*ol"o*gist (&?;), n. One versed in aërology.

 A'ër*ol"o*gy (&?;), n. [Aëro- + -logy: cf. F. aérologie.] That department of physics which treats of the atmosphere.

 A"ër*o*man'cy (&?;), n. [Aëro- + -mancy: cf. F. aéromancie.] Divination from the state of the air or from atmospheric substances; also, forecasting changes in the weather.

 A'ër*om"e*ter (&?;), n. [Aëro- + -meter: cf. F. éromètre.] An instrument for ascertaining the weight or density of air and gases.

 A'ër*o*met"ric (&?;), a. Of or pertaining to aërometry; as, aërometric investigations.

 A'ër*om"e*try (&?;), n. [Aëro- + -metry: cf. F. érométrie.] The science of measuring the air, including the doctrine of its pressure, elasticity, rarefaction, and condensation; pneumatics.

 A"ër*o*naut (?; 277), n. [F. aéronaute, fr. Gr.
 &?; air + &?; sailor. See Nautical.] An aërial navigator; a balloonist.

 { A'ër*o*naut"ic (&?;), A'ër*o*naut"ic*al (&?;), } a.
 [Cf. F. aéronauitique.] Pertaining to aëronautics, or aërial sailing.

 A'ër*o*naut"ics (&?;), n. The science or art of ascending and sailing in the air, as by means of a balloon; aërial navigation; ballooning.

 { ||A'ër*o*pho"bi*a (&?;), A'ër*oph"o*by (&?;), } n.
 [Aëro- + Gr. &?; fear: cf. F. aérophobie.]
 (Med.) Dread of a current of air.

 A"ër*o*phyte (&?;), n. [Aëro- + Gr. &?; plant, &?; to grow: cf. F. aérophyte.] (Bot.) A plant growing entirely in the air, and receiving its nourishment from it; an air plant or epiphyte.

 A"ër*o*plane' (&?;), n. [Aëro- + plane.]
 A flying machine, or a small plane for experiments on flying, which floats in the air only when propelled through it.

 A"ër*o*scope (&?;), n. [Aëro- + Gr. &?; to look out.] (Biol.) An apparatus designed for collecting spores, germs, bacteria, etc., suspended in the air.

 A'ër*os"co*py (&?;), n. [Aëro- + Gr. &?; a looking out; &?; to spy out.] The observation of the state and variations of the atmosphere.

 Æ*rose" (&?;), a. [L. aerosus, fr. aes, aeris, brass, copper.] Of the nature of, or like, copper; brassy. [R.]

 A'ër*o*sid"er*ite (&?;), n. [Aëro- + siderite.]
 (Meteor.) A mass of meteoric iron.

 A"ër*o*sphere (&?;), n. [Aëro- + sphere: cf. F. aérosphère.] The atmosphere. [R.]

 A"ër*o*stat (&?;), n. [F. aérostat, fr. Gr.
 &?; air + &?; placed. See Statics.] 1. A balloon.

2. A balloonist; an a


of order, regularity, and obedience.

C. J. Smith.
2. Training to act in accordance with established rules; accustoming to systematic and regular action; drill.

 Their wildness lose, and, quitting nature's part, Obey the rules and discipline of art.

Dryden.
3. Subjection to rule; submissiveness to order and control; habit of obedience.

 The most perfect, who have their passions in the best discipline, are yet obliged to be constantly on their guard.

Rogers.
4. Severe training, corrective of faults; instruction by means of misfortune, suffering, punishment, etc.

 A sharp discipline of half a century had sufficed to educate us.

Macaulay.
5. Correction; chastisement; punishment inflicted by way of correction and training.

 Giving her the discipline of the strap.

Addison.
6. The subject matter of instruction; a branch of knowledge. Bp.
 Wilkins.
7. (Eccl.) The enforcement of methods of correction against one guilty of ecclesiastical offenses; reformatory or penal action toward a church member.

8. (R. C. Ch.) Self-inflicted and voluntary corporal punishment, as penance, or otherwise; specifically, a penitential scourge.

9. (Eccl.) A system of essential rules and duties; as, the Romish or Anglican discipline.

Syn. -- Education; instruction; training; culture; correction; chastisement; punishment.

 Dis"ci*pline (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disciplined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disciplining.] [Cf. LL. disciplinarian to flog, fr. L. disciplina discipline, and F. discipliner to discipline.] 1. To educate; to develop by instruction and exercise; to train.

2. To accustom to regular and systematic action; to bring under control so as to act systematically; to train to act together under orders; to teach subordination to; to form a habit of obedience in; to drill.

 Ill armed, and worse disciplined.

Clarendon.
 His mind... imperfectly disciplined by nature.

Macaulay.
3. To improve by corrective and penal methods; to chastise; to correct.

 Has he disciplined Aufidius soundly?

Shak.
4. To inflict ecclesiastical censures and penalties upon.

Syn. -- To train; form; teach; instruct; bring up; regulate; correct; chasten; chastise; punish.

 Dis"ci*plin*er (?), n. One who disciplines.

 Dis*claim" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disclaimed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disclaiming.] 1. To renounce all claim to deny; ownership of, or responsibility for; to disown; to disavow; to reject.

 He calls the gods to witness their offense; Disclaims the war, asserts his innocence.

Dryden.
 He disclaims the authority of Jesus.

Farmer.
2. To deny, as a claim; to refuse.

 The payment was irregularly made, if not disclaimed.

Milman.
3. (Law) To relinquish or deny having a claim; to disavow another's claim; to decline accepting, as an estate, interest, or office.
 Burrill.
Syn. -- To disown; disavow; renounce; repudiate.

 Dis*claim", v. t. To disavow or renounce all part, claim, or share.
 Blackstone.
Disclaim in, Disclaim from, to disown; to disavow. [Obs.]
 "Nature disclaims in thee." Shak.
 Dis*claim"er (?), n. 1. One who disclaims, disowns, or renounces.

2. (Law) A denial, disavowal, or renunciation, as of a title, claim, interest, estate, or trust; relinquishment or waiver of an interest or estate. Burrill.
3. A public disavowal, as of pretensions, claims, opinions, and the like. Burke.
 Dis'cla*ma"tion (?), n. A disavowing or disowning. Bp. Hall.
 Dis*clame" (?), v. t. To disclaim; to expel. [Obs.] "Money did love disclame." Spenser.
 Dis*claun"der (?), v. t. [From OE. disclaundre, n., for sclandre, esclandre, OF. esclandre. See Sclaundre, Slander.] To injure one's good name; to slander. [Obs.]

 Dis*cloak" (?), v. t. To take off a cloak from; to uncloak. [Obs.]
 B. Jonson.
 Dis*close" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disclosed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disclosing.] [OE. desclosen, disclosen, fr. disclos, desclos, not shut in, open, OF. desclos, p. p. of desclore to open, F. déclore; pref. des- (L. dis-) + clore to shut, fr. L. claudere to shut.
 See Close, and cf. Disclusion.] 1. To unclose; to open; -- applied esp. to eggs in the sense of to hatch.

 The ostrich layeth her eggs under sand, where the heat of the discloseth them.

Bacon.
2. To remove a cover or envelope from;; to set free from inclosure; to uncover.

 The shells being broken,... the stone included in them is thereby disclosed and set at liberty.

Woodward.
3. To lay open or expose to view; to cause to appear; to bring to light; to reveal.

 How softly on the Spanish shore she plays, Disclosing rock, and slope, and forest brown!

Byron.
 Her lively looks a sprightly mind disclose.

Pope.
4. To make known, as that which has been kept secret or hidden; to reveal; to expose; as, events have disclosed his designs.

 If I disclose my passion, Our friendship's an end.

Addison.
Syn. -- To uncover; open; unveil; discover; reveal; divulge; tell; utter.

 Dis*close", n. Disclosure. [Obs.] Shak. Young.
 Dis*closed" (?), p. a. (Her.) Represented with wings expanded; -- applied to doves and other birds not of prey. Cussans.
 Dis*clos"er (?), n. One who discloses.

 Dis*clo"sure (?; 135), n. [See Disclose, v. t., and cf.
 Closure.] 1. The act of disclosing, uncovering, or revealing; bringing to light; exposure.

 He feels it [his secret] beating at his heart, rising to his throat, and demanding disclosure.

D. Webster.
2. That which is disclosed or revealed.

 Were the disclosures of 1695 forgotten?

Macaulay.
 Dis*cloud" (?), v. t. To clear from clouds. [Archaic] Fuller.
 Dis*clout" (?), v. t. To divest of a clout. [R.]

 Dis*clu"sion (?), n. [L. disclusio, fr. discludere, disclusum, to separate. See Disclose.] A shutting off; exclusion.
 [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
 Dis*coast" (?), v. i. [Pref. dis- + coast: cf. It.
 discostare.] To depart; to quit the coast (that is, the side or border) of anything; to be separated. [Obs.]

 As far as heaven and earth discoasted lie.

G. Fletcher.
 To discoast from the plain and simple way