help me. In the imperative mood, but not in the indicative, it may be used with the verb to be; as, do be quiet. Do, did, and done often stand as a general substitute or representative verb, and thus save the repetition of the principal verb. "To live and die is all we have to do." Denham.
 In the case of do and did as auxiliaries, the sense may be completed by the infinitive (without to) of the verb represented.
 "When beauty lived and died as flowers do now." Shak. "I..
 . chose my wife as she did her wedding gown." Goldsmith.
 My brightest hopes giving dark fears a being. As the light does the shadow.

 Longfellow.
 In unemphatic affirmative sentences do is, for the most part, archaic or poetical; as, "This just reproach their virtue does excite." Dryden.
To do one's best, To do one's diligence (and the like), to exert one's self; to put forth one's best or most or most diligent efforts. "We will... do our best to gain their assent." Jowett (Thucyd.). -- To do one's business, to ruin one. [Colloq.] Wycherley.
 -- To do one shame, to cause one shame. [Obs.] -- To do over.
 (a) To make over; to perform a second time. (b) To cover; to spread; to smear. "Boats... sewed together and done over with a kind of slimy stuff like rosin." De Foe. -- To do to death, to put to death. (See 7.) [Obs.] -- To do up. (a) To put up; to raise. [Obs.] Chaucer. (b) To pack together and envelop; to pack up. (c) To accomplish thoroughly. [Colloq.] (d) To starch and iron. "A rich gown of velvet, and a ruff done up with the famous yellow starch." Hawthorne. -- To do way, to put away; to lay aside. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- To do with, to dispose of; to make use of; to employ; -- usually preceded by what.
 "Men are many times brought to that extremity, that were it not for God they would not know what to do with themselves." Tillotson.
 -- To have to do with, to have concern, business or intercourse with; to deal with. When preceded by what, the notion is usually implied that the affair does not concern the person denoted by the subject of have. "Philology has to do with language in its fullest sense." Earle. "What have I to do with you, ye sons of Zeruiah? 2 Sam. xvi. 10.
 Do (?), v. i. 1. To act or behave in any manner; to conduct one's self.

 They fear not the Lord, neither do they after... the law and commandment.

 2 Kings xvii. 34.
2. To fare; to be, as regards health; as, they asked him how he did; how do you do today?

3. [Perh. a different word. OE. dugen, dowen, to avail, be of use, AS. dugan. See Doughty.] To succeed; to avail; to answer the purpose; to serve; as, if no better plan can be found, he will make this do.

 You would do well to prefer a bill against all kings and parliaments since the Conquest; and if that won't do; challenge the crown.

 Collier.
To do by. See under By. -- To do for. (a) To answer for; to serve as; to suit. (b) To put an end to; to ruin; to baffle completely; as, a goblet is done for when it is broken. [Colloq.]

 Some folks are happy and easy in mind when their victim is stabbed and done for.

Thackeray.
 -- To do withal, to help or prevent it. [Obs.] "I could not do withal."
 Shak. -- To do without, to get along without; to dispense with. - - To have done, to have made an end or conclusion; to have finished; to be quit; to desist. -- To have done with, to have completed; to be through with; to have no further concern with. -- Well to do, in easy circumstances.

 Do, n. 1. Deed; act; fear. [Obs.] Sir W. Scott.
2. Ado; bustle; stir; to do. [R.]

 A great deal of do, and a great deal of trouble.

 Selden.
3. A cheat; a swindle. [Slang, Eng.]

 ||Do"ab (?), [Pers. & Hind. dob, prop., two waters.] A tongue or tract of land included between two rivers; as, the doab between the Ganges and the Jumna. [India] Am. Cyc.
 Do"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being done. Carlyle.
 Do"-all' (?), n. General manager; factotum.

 Under him, Dunstan was the do-all at court, being the king's treasurer, councilor, chancellor, confessor, all things.

 Fuller.
 Do"and (?), p. pr. Doing. [Obs.] Rom. of R. Doat (?), v. i. See Dote.

 Dob"ber (?), n. 1. (Zoöl.) See Dabchick.

2. A float to a fishing line. [Local, U. S.]

 Dob"bin (?), n. 1. An old jaded horse. Shak.
2. Sea gravel mixed with sand. [Prov. Eng.]

 Dob"chick' (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Dabchick.

 Dob"son (?), n. (Zoöl.) The aquatic larva of a large neuropterous insect (Corydalus cornutus), used as bait in angling.
 See Hellgamite.

 Dob"ule (?), n. (Zoöl.) The European dace.

 Do"cent (?), a. [L. docens, - entis, p. pr. of docere to teach.] Serving to instruct; teaching. [Obs.]

 ||Do*ce"tæ (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. &?; to appear.] (Eccl.
 Hist.) Ancient heretics who held that Christ's body was merely a phantom or appearance.

 Do*cet"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, held by, or like, the Docetæ.
 "Docetic Gnosticism." Plumptre.
 Doc"e*tism (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) The doctrine of the Docetæ.

 Doch"mi*ac (?), a. (Pros.) Pertaining to, or containing, the dochmius.

 ||Doch"mi*us (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Pros.) A foot of five syllables (usually &?; -- -&?; - ).

 { Doc'i*bil"i*ty (?), Doc"i*ble*ness (?), } n. [L. docibilitas.]
 Aptness for being taught; teachableness; docility.

 To persons of docibility, the real character may be easily taught in a few days.

Boyle.
 The docibleness of dogs in general.

Walton.
 Doc"i*ble (?), a. [L. docibilis, fr. docere to teach.] Easily taught or managed; teachable. Milton.
 Doc"ile (?), a. [L. docilis,fr. docere to teach; cf.
 Gr. &?;, and L. discere to learn, Gr. &?; learned, &?; knowing: cf. F. docile. Cf. Doctor, Didactic, Disciple.] 1.
 Teachable; easy to teach; docible


causes him to move in a hobbling manner.

 Grog"gy (?), a. 1. Overcome with grog; tipsy; unsteady on the legs. [Colloq.]

2. Weakened in a fight so as to stagger; -- said of pugilists.
 [Cant or Slang] 3. (Man.) Moving in a hobbling manner, owing to ten der feet; -- said of a horse. Youatt.
 { Grog"ram (?), Grog"ran (?), } n. [OF. gros-grain, lit., gros-grain, of a coarse texture. See Gross, and Grain a kernel, and cf.
 Grog.] A coarse stuff made of silk and mohair, or of coarse silk.

 Grog"shop' (?), n. A shop or room where strong liquors are sold and drunk; a dramshop.

 Groin (?), n. [F. groin, fr. grogner to grunt, L. grunnire.]
 The snout of a swine. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Groin, v. i. [F. grogner to grunt, grumble.] To grunt to growl; to snarl; to murmur. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Bears that groined coatinually.

Spenser.
 Groin, n. [Icel. grein distinction, division, branch; akin to Sw. gren, branch, space between the legs, Icel. greina to distinguish, divide, Sw. grena to branch, straddle. Cf. Grain a branch.] 1. (Anat.) The line between the lower part of the abdomen and the thigh, or the region of this line; the inguen.

2. (Arch.) The projecting solid angle formed by the meeting of two vaults, growing more obtuse as it approaches the summit.

3. (Math.) The surface formed by two such vaults.

4. A frame of woodwork across a beach to accumulate and retain shingle. [Eng.] Weale.
 Groin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Groined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Groining.] (Arch.) To fashion into groins; to build with groins.

 The hand that rounded Peter's dome, And groined the aisles of Christian Rome, Wrought in a sad sincerity.

Emerson.
 Groined (?), a. (Arch.) Built with groins; as, a groined ceiling; a groined vault.

 Grom"et (?), n. Same as Grommet.

 Grom"ill (?), n. (Bot.) See Gromwell.

 Grom"met (?), n. [F. gourmette curb, curb chain, fr. gourmer to curb, thump, beat; cf. Armor. gromm a curb, gromma to curb.] 1. A ring formed by twisting on itself a single strand of an unlaid rope; also, a metallic eyelet in or for a sail or a mailbag.
 Sometimes written grummet.

2. (Mil.) A ring of rope used as a wad to hold a cannon ball in place.

 Grom"well (?), n. [Called also gromel, grommel, graymill, and gray millet, all prob. fr. F. gr?mil, cf. W. cromandi.]
 (Bot.) A plant of the genus Lithospermum (L. arvense), anciently used, because of its stony pericarp, in the cure of gravel. The German gromwell is the Stellera. [Written also gromill.]

 Grond (?), obs. imp. of Grind. Chaucer.
 Gron"te (?), obs. imp. of Groan. Chaucer.
 Groom (?), n. [Cf. Scot. grome, groyme, grume, gome, guym, man, lover, OD. grom boy, youth; perh.
 the r is an insertion as in E. bridegroom, and the word is the same as AS. guma man. See Bridegroom.] 1. A boy or young man; a waiter; a servant; especially, a man or boy who has charge of horses, or the stable. Spenser.
2. One of several officers of the English royal household, chiefly in the lord chamberlain's department; as, the groom of the chamber; the groom of the stole.

3. A man recently married, or about to be married; a bridegroom. Dryden.
Groom porter, formerly an officer in the English royal household, who attended to the furnishing of the king's lodgings and had certain privileges.

 Groom, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grooming.] To tend or care for, or to curry or clean, as a, horse.

 Groom"er (?), n. One who, or that which, grooms horses; especially, a brush rotated by a flexible or jointed revolving shaft, for cleaning horses.

 Grooms"man (?), n.; pl. Groomsmen (&?;). A male attendant of a bridegroom at his wedding; -- the correlative of bridesmaid.

 Groop"er (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Grouper.

 Groove (?), n. [D. groef, groeve; akin to E. grove.
 See Grove.] 1. A furrow, channel, or long hollow, such as may be formed by cutting, molding, grinding, the wearing force of flowing water, or constant travel; a depressed way; a worn path; a rut.

2. Hence: The habitual course of life, work, or affairs; fixed routine.

 The gregarious trifling of life in the social groove.

J. Morley.
3. [See Grove.] (Mining) A shaft or excavation. [Prov. Eng.]

 Groove, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grooved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Groving.] To cut a groove or channel in; to form into channels or grooves; to furrow.

 Groov"er (?), n. 1. One who or that which grooves.

2. A miner. [Prov. Eng.] Holloway.
 Groov"ing (?), n. The act of forming a groove or grooves; a groove, or collection of grooves.

 Grope (grp), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groped (grpt); p. pr. & vb. n. Groping.] [OE. gropen, gropien, grapien, AS. grpian to touch, grope, fr. grpan to gripe. See Gripe.]
 1. To feel with or use the hands; to handle. [Obs.]

2. To search or attempt to find something in the dark, or, as a blind person, by feeling; to move about hesitatingly, as in darkness or obscurity; to feel one's way, as with the hands, when one can not see.

 We grope for the wall like the blind.

Is. lix. 10.
 To grope a little longer among the miseries and sensualities ot a worldly life.

Buckminster.
 Grope, v. t. 1. To search out by feeling in the dark; as, we groped our way at midnight.

2. To examine; to test; to sound. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Felix gropeth him, thinking to have a bribe.

Genevan Test. (Acts xxiv. ).
 Grop"er (?), n. One who gropes; one who feels his way in the dark, or searches by feeling.

 Grop"ing-ly, adv. In a groping manner.

 ||Gros (?), n. [F. See Gross.] A heavy silk with a dull finish; as, gros de Naples; gros de Tours.

 Gros"beak (?), n. [Gross +


BLACK BARTLEMY'S TREASURE BY JEFFREY FARNOL TO MY NEPHEWS JAMES JEFFREY FARNOL AND RONALD EWART OAKESHOTT CONTENTS PROLOGUE I OF WHAT BEFELL ON PEMBURY HILL II HOW I HEARD A SONG IN THE WOOD AT MIDNIGHT III TELLS HOW I STOLE MY BREAKFAST IV TELLETH HOW I MET ONE ADAM PENFEATHER V HOW I CAME TO CONISBY SHENE VI OF MY SHAMEFUL SUFFERINGS AND HOW I WAS DELIVERED THEREFROM VII HOW I HEARD TELL OF BLACK BARTLEMY'S TREASURE VIII HOW I FELL IN WITH ONE GOD-BE-HERE, A PEDDLER IX HOW I HAD WORD WITH THE LADY JOAN BRANDON FOR THE THIRD TIME X HOW I SWORE TO THE BLOOD-BROTHERHOOD XI ADAM PENFEATHER, HIS NARRATIVE XII TELLETH OF A FIGHT IN THE DARK XIII WE SET OUT FOR DEPTFORD POOL XIV HOW I CAME ABOARD THE "FAITHFUL FRIEND" XV TELLETH OF A NAMELESS BLACK SHIP XVI TELLS HOW WE WERE DOGGED BY THE BLACK SHIP XVII TELLETH HOW AN EYE WATCHED ME FROM THE DARK XVIII CONCERNING THE MARK OF A BLOODY HAND AND HOW I LAY IN THE BILBOES ON SUSPICION OF MURDER XIX CONCERNING THE PRINCESS DAMARIS XX HOW I CAME OUT OF MY BONDS AND OF THE TERRORS OF A FIRE AT SEA XXI TELLETH HOW THE SAID FIRE CAME ABOUT XXII TELLETH HOW WE WERE CAST ADRIFT XXIII DIVERS PERILS AND DANGERS AT SEA XXIV HOW WE CAME TO BLACK BARTLEMY'S ISLAND XXV HOW I WAS HAUNTED OF BLACK BARTLEMY XXVI WE COME UPON GRIM EVIDENCES OF ADAM PENFEATHER XXVII DIVERS ADVENTURES ON THE ISLAND XXVIII I BECOME A JACK-OF-ALL-TRADES XXIX OF MY ENCOUNTER BENEATH BARTLEMY'S TREE XXX OF MY SICK HUMOURS XXXI I TRY MY HAND AT POTTERY XXXII TELLS HOW I FOUND A SECRET CAVE XXXIII WE EXPLORE THE ISLAND XXXIV HOW I STOOD RESOLUTE IN MY FOLLY XXXV HOW MY DEAR LADY WAS LOST TO ME XXXVI TELLETH SOME PART OF A NIGHT OF AGONY XXXVII HOW I SOUGHT DEATH BUT FOUND IT NOT XXXVIII CONCERNING THE DEAD MAN HUMPHREY AND HOW I SAW A VISION IN THE MOONLIGHT XXXIX HOW MY DEAR LADY CAME BACK TO ME XL OF CLOTHES XLI OF THE VOICE THAT SANG ON DELIVERANCE SANDS XLII CONCERNING THE SONG OF A DEAD MAN XLIII OF THE DEATH-DANCE OF THE SILVER WOMAN XLIV HOW I HAD SPEECH WITH ROGER TRESSADY TO MY UNDOING XLV OF THE COMING OF ADAM PENFEATHER XLVI HOW I DOUBTED MYSELF XLVII HOW MY DOUBTING WAS RESOLVED FOR ME BLACK BARTLEMY'S TREASURE PROLOGUE The Frenchman beside me had been dead since dawn. His scarred and shackled body swayed limply back and forth with every sweep of the great oar as we, his less fortunate bench-fellows, tugged and strained to keep time to the stroke.
Two men had I seen die beside me, yet Death ever passed me by, nay, it seemed rather that despite the pain of stripes, despite the travail and hardship, my strength waxed the mightier; upon arm and thigh, burnt nigh black by fierce suns, the muscles showed hard and knotted; within my body, scarred by the lash, the life leapt and glowed yet was the soul of me sick unto death. But it seemed I could not die—finding thereby blessed rest and a surcease from this agony of life as had this Frenchman, who of all the naked wretches about me, was the only one with whom I had any sort of fellowship. He had died (as I say) with the dawn, so quietly that at first I thought he but fainted and pitied him, but, when I knew, pity changed to bitterness.
Therefore, as I strove at the heavy oar I prayed 'twixt gnashing teeth a prayer I had often prayed, and the matter of my praying was thus: "O God of Justice, for the agony I needs must now endure, for the bloody stripes and bitter anguish give to me vengeance—vengeance, O God, on mine enemy!"
So prayed I, hoarse-panting and with the sweat trickling down whiles I stared at the naked back of him that rowed before me—a great, fat fellow he had been once, but now the skin hung in numberless creases whereon were many weals, some raw and bloody, that crossed and re-crossed each other after the manner of lace-work.
"Justice, O God, upon mine enemy! Since Death is not for me let me live until I be avenged; for the pain I suffer so may I see him suffer, for the anguish that is mine so may I watch his agony. Thou art a just God, so, God of Justice, give to me vengeance!"
The sun rose high and higher over our quarter, beating down upon our naked backs and adding greatly to our torments thereby, waking the pain of old stripes and lending an added sting to new.
Ever and anon would come the sharp crack of the drivers' whips followed by the squealing cry of quivering flesh (a cry wherein was none of the human) the which, dying to a whine, was lost in the stir and bustle of the great galleass. But ever and always, beneath the hoarse voices of the mariners, beneath the clash of armour and tramp of feet, beneath the creak and rumble of the long oars, came yet another sound, rising and falling yet never ceasing, a dull, low sound the like of which you shall sometimes hear among trees when the wind is high—the deep, sobbing moan that was the voice of our anguish as we poor wretches urged the great "Esmeralda" galleass upon her course.
The oar whereto I was chained along with my three bench-mates had at some time been badly sprung, so that the armourers had made shift to strengthen it with a stout iron fillet some six inches wide. Now it so happened that my grasp came upon this fillet, and, with every stroke of the oar, day after day, week in and week out, it had become my wont to rub the links of my chain to and fro across this iron band, whereby they had become very smooth and shining.
The words of my prayer were yet upon my lips, when, chancing to look upon one of these links, I beheld that which set my heart a-leaping and my riotous blood a-tingle to my fingers' ends; yet 'twas a very small thing, no more than a mark that showed upon the polished surface of the link,


(Metal.) To become hollow in the process of solodifying; -- said of an ingot, as of steel.

 Pipe (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Piped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Piping.] 1. To perform, as a tune, by playing on a pipe, flute, fife, etc.; to utter in the shrill tone of a pipe.

 A robin... was piping a few querulous notes.

W. Irving.
2. (Naut.) To call or direct, as a crew, by the boatswain's whistle.

 As fine a ship's company as was ever piped aloft.

Marryat.
3. To furnish or equip with pipes; as, to pipe an engine, or a building.

 Pipe" clay' (kl'). A plastic, unctuous clay of a grayish white color, -- used in making tobacco pipes and various kinds of earthenware, in scouring cloth, and in cleansing soldiers' equipments.

 Pipe"clay', v. t. 1. To whiten or clean with pipe clay, as a soldier's accouterments.

2. To clear off; as, to pipeclay accounts. [Slang, Eng.]

 Piped (?), a. Formed with a pipe; having pipe or pipes; tubular.

 Pipe"fish' (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any lophobranch fish of the genus Siphostoma, or Syngnathus, and allied genera, having a long and very slender angular body, covered with bony plates. The mouth is small, at the end of a long, tubular snout. The male has a pouch on his belly, in which the incubation of the eggs takes place.

 Pipe"lay'er (?), n., or Pipe" lay'er. 1. One who lays conducting pipes in the ground, as for water, gas, etc.

2. (Polit. Cant) A politician who works in secret; -- in this sense, usually written as one word. [U.S.]

 Pipe"lay'ing, n., or Pipe" lay'ing. 1. The laying of conducting pipes underground, as for water, gas, etc.

2. (Polit. Cant) The act or method of making combinations for personal advantage secretly or slyly; -- in this sense, usually written as one word. [U.S.]

 Pipe"mouth' (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any fish of the genus Fistularia; -- called also tobacco pipefish. See Fistularia.

 ||Pi"per (?), n. [L.] See Pepper.

 Pip"er (?), n. 1. (Mus.) One who plays on a pipe, or the like, esp. on a bagpipe. "The hereditary piper and his sons."
 Macaulay.
2. (Zoöl.) (a) A common European gurnard (Trigla lyra), having a large head, with prominent nasal projection, and with large, sharp, opercular spines. (b) A sea urchin (Goniocidaris hystrix) having very long spines, native of both the American and European coasts.

To pay the piper, to bear the cost, expense, or trouble.

 Pip'er*a"ceous (?), a. [L. piper pepper.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to the order of plants (Piperaceæ) of which the pepper (Piper nigrum) is the type. There are about a dozen genera and a thousand species, mostly tropical plants with pungent and aromatic qualities.

 Pi*per"ic (p*pr"k), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, or designating, a complex organic acid found in the products of different members of the Pepper family, and extracted as a yellowish crystalline substance.

 Pip"er*idge (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Pepperidge.

 Pi*per"i*dine (?), n. (Chem.) An oily liquid alkaloid, C5H11N, having a hot, peppery, ammoniacal odor. It is related to pyridine, and is obtained by the decomposition of piperine.

 Pip"er*ine (?), n. [L. piper pepper: cf. F. piperin, piperine.] (Chem.) A white crystalline compound of piperidine and piperic acid. It is obtained from the black pepper (Piper nigrum) and other species.

 Pip'er*o"nal (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline substance obtained by oxidation of piperic acid, and regarded as a complex aldehyde.

 Pi*per"y*lene (?), n. [Piperidine + acetylene.] (Chem.)
 A hydrocarbon obtained by decomposition of certain piperidine derivatives.

 Pipe"stem' (?), n. The hollow stem or tube of a pipe used for smoking tobacco, etc.

 Took a long reed for a pipestem.

Longfellow.
 Pipe"stone' (?), n. A kind of clay slate, carved by the Indians into tobacco pipes. Cf. Catlinite.

 Pi*pette" (?), n. [F., dim. of pipe.] A small glass tube, often with an enlargement or bulb in the middle, and usually graduated, -- used for transferring or delivering measured quantities.

 Pipe"vine' (?), n. (Bot.) The Dutchman's pipe. See under Dutchman.

 Pipe"wort' (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of a genus (Eriocaulon) of aquatic or marsh herbs with soft grass-like leaves.

 Pip"ing (pp"ng), a. [From Pipe, v.] 1. Playing on a musical pipe. "Lowing herds and piping swains." Swift.
2. Peaceful; favorable to, or characterized by, the music of the pipe rather than of the drum and fife. Shak.
3. Emitting a high, shrill sound.

4. Simmering; boiling; sizzling; hissing; -- from the sound of boiling fluids.

Piping crow, Piping crow shrike, Piping roller (Zoöl.), any Australian bird of the genus Gymnorhina, esp. G. tibicen, which is black and white, and the size of a small crow. Called also caruck.
 -- Piping frog (Zoöl.), a small American tree frog (Hyla Pickeringii) which utters a high, shrill note in early spring. -- Piping hot, boiling hot; hissing hot; very hot. [Colloq.] Milton.
 Pip"ing, n. 1. A small cord covered with cloth, -- used as trimming for women's dresses.

2. Pipes, collectively; as, the piping of a house.

3. The act of playing on a pipe; the shrill noted of birds, etc.

4. A piece cut off to be set or planted; a cutting; also, propagation by cuttings.

 { Pi*pis"trel (?), Pip'i*strelle" (?), } n. [F. pipistrelle, It. pipistrello.] (Zoöl.) A small European bat (Vesperugo pipistrellus); -- called also flittermouse.

 Pip"it (?), n. [So named from its call note.] (Zoöl.)
 Any one of numerous species of small singing birds belonging to Anthus and allied genera, of the family Motacillidæ. They strongly resemble the true larks in habits, colors, and the great length of the hind claw. They are, therefore, often called titlarks, and pipit larks.

 The meadow pipit (Anthus pratensis); the tree pipit, or tree lark (A. trivialis); and the rock pipit, or sea lark (A. obscurus) are well-known European species. The common American pipit


one's own accord; to undertake, or propose to undertake. [R.] Milton.
 Prof"fer, n. 1. An offer made; something proposed for acceptance by another; a tender; as, proffers of peace or friendship.

 He made a proffer to lay down his commission.

Clarendon.
2. Essay; attempt. [R.] Bacon.
 Prof"fer*er (?), n. One who proffers something.

 { Pro*fi"cience (?), Pro*fi"cien*cy (?) }, n. The quality of state of being proficient; advance in the acquisition of any art, science, or knowledge; progression in knowledge; improvement; adeptness; as, to acquire proficiency in music.

 Pro*fi"cient (?), n. [L. proficiens, -entis, p. pr.
 of proficere to go forward, make progress; pro forward + facere to make. See Fact, and cf. Profit, (&?;)] One who has made considerable advances in any business, art, science, or branch of learning; an expert; an adept; as, proficient in a trade; a proficient in mathematics, music, etc.

 Pro*fi"cient (?), a. Well advanced in any branch of knowledge or skill; possessed of considerable acquirements; well-skilled; versed; adept, Pro*fi"cient*ly, adv. In a proficient manner.

 Pro*fic"u*ous (?), a. [L. proficuus.] Profitable; advantageous; useful. [Obs.] Harvey.
 Pro"file (?), n. [It. profilo, fr. L. pro before + filum a thread, an outline, shape: cf. F. profil. See File arow, and cf.
 Purfle, Purl, a fringe.] 1. An outline, or contour; as, the profile of an apple.

2. (Paint & Sculp.) A human head represented sidewise, or in a side view; the side face or half face.

3. (a) (Arch.) A section of any member, made at right angles with its main lines, showing the exact shape of moldings and the like. (b) (Civil Engin.) A drawing exhibiting a vertical section of the ground along a surveyed line, or graded work, as of a railway, showing elevations, depressions, grades, etc.

Profile paper (Civil Engin.), paper ruled with vertical and horizontal lines forming small oblong rectangles, adapted for drawing profiles.

 Pro"file, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Profiled (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Profiling] [Cf. F. profiler, It. profilare.
 See Profile, n.] 1. to draw the outline of; to draw in profile, as an architectural member.

2. (Mech.) To shape the outline of an object by passing a cutter around it.

Profiling machine, a jigging machine.

 Pro"fil*ing, n. (Fort.) In the construction of fieldworks, the erection at proper intervals of wooden profiles, to show to the workmen the sectional form of the parapets at those points.

 Pro"fil*ist, n. One who takes profiles.

 Pro"fit (?), n. [F., fr. L. profectus advance, progress, profit, fr. profectum. See Proficient.] 1. Acquisition beyond expenditure; excess of value received for producing, keeping, or selling, over cost; hence, pecuniary gain in any transaction or occupation; emolument; as, a profit on the sale of goods.

 Let no man anticipate uncertain profits.

Rambler.
2. Accession of good; valuable results; useful consequences; benefit; avail; gain; as, an office of profit, This I speak for your own profit.

1 Cor. vii. 35.
 If you dare do yourself a profit and a right.

Shak.
Syn. -- Benefit; avail; service; improvement; advancement; gain; emolument.

 Prof"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Profited; p. pr. & vb. n. Profiting.] [F. profiter. See Profit, n.] To be of service to; to be good to; to help on; to benefit; to advantage; to avail; to aid; as, truth profits all men.

 The word preached did not profit them.

Heb. iv. 2.
 It is a great means of profiting yourself, to copy diligently excellent pieces and beautiful designs.

Dryden.
 Prof"it, v. i. 1. To gain advantage; to make improvement; to improve; to gain; to advance.

 I profit not by thy talk.

Shak.
2. To be of use or advantage; to do or bring good.

 Riches profit not in the day of wrath.

Prov. xi. 4.
 Prof"it*a*ble (?), a. [F. profitable.] Yielding or bringing profit or gain; gainful; lucrative; useful; helpful; advantageous; beneficial; as, a profitable trade; profitable business; a profitable study or profession.

 What was so profitable to the empire became fatal to the emperor.

Arbuthnot.
 -- Prof"it*a*ble*ness, n. -- Prof"it*a*bly, adv.
 Prof"it*ing, n. Gain; advantage; profit.

 That thy profiting may appear to all.

1 Tim. iv. 15.
 Prof"it*less, a. Without profit; unprofitable. Shak.
 Prof"li*ga*cy (?), n. [See Profligate, a.] The quality of state of being profligate; a profligate or very vicious course of life; a state of being abandoned in moral principle and in vice; dissoluteness.

 Prof"li*gate (?), a. [L. profligatus, p. p. of profligare to strike or dash to the ground, to destroy; pro before + a word akin to fligere to strike. See Afflict.]

1. Overthrown; beaten; conquered. [Obs.]

 The foe is profligate, and run.

Hudibras.
2. Broken down in respect of rectitude, principle, virtue, or decency; openly and shamelessly immoral or vicious; dissolute; as, profligate man or wretch.

 A race more profligate than we.

Roscommon.
 Made prostitute and profligate muse.

Dryden.
Syn. -- Abandoned; corrupt; dissolute; vitiated; depraved; vicious; wicked. See Abandoned.

 Prof"li*gate, n. An abandoned person; one openly and shamelessly vicious; a dissolute person. "Such a profligate as Antony." Swift.
 Prof"li*gate (?), v. t. To drive away; to overcome. [A Latinism] [Obs.] Harvey.
 Prof"li*gate*ly (?), adv. In a profligate manner.

 Prof"li*gate*ness, n. The quality of being profligate; an abandoned course of life; profligacy.

 Prof'li*ga"tion (?), n. [L. profligatio.] Defeat; rout; overthrow. [Obs.] Bacon.
 Prof"lu*ence (?), n. [L. profluentia.] Quality of being profluent; course. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.
 Prof"lu*ent (?), a. [L. profluens, p. pr. of profluere; pro forward + fluere to flow.] Flowing forward, [R.] "In the profluent stream." Milton.
 Pro*found", a. [F. profond, L. profundus; pro before, forward + fundus the bottom. See Found to establish, Bottom lowest part.] 1. Descending far below the surface; opening or reaching to


, a bow, when bent, springs back by its elastic power.

5. To bend from a straight direction or plane surface; to become warped; as, a piece of timber, or a plank, sometimes springs in seasoning.

6. To shoot up, out, or forth; to come to the light; to begin to appear; to emerge; as a plant from its seed, as streams from their source, and the like; -often followed by up, forth, or out.

 Till well nigh the day began to spring.

Chaucer.
 To satisfy the desolate and waste ground, and to cause the bud of the tender herb to spring forth.

Job xxxviii. 27.
 Do not blast my springing hopes.

Rowe.
 O, spring to light; auspicious Babe, be born.

Pope.
7. To issue or proceed, as from a parent or ancestor; to result, as from a cause, motive, reason, or principle.

 [They found] new hope to spring Out of despair, joy, but with fear yet linked.

Milton.
8. To grow; to prosper.

 What makes all this, but Jupiter the king, At whose command we perish, and we spring?

Dryden.
To spring at, to leap toward; to attempt to reach by a leap. -- To spring forth, to leap out; to rush out. -- To spring in, to rush in; to enter with a leap or in haste. -- To spring on or upon, to leap on; to rush on with haste or violence; to assault.

 Spring (?), v. t. 1. To cause to spring up; to start or rouse, as game; to cause to rise from the earth, or from a covert; as, to spring a pheasant.

2. To produce or disclose suddenly or unexpectedly.

 She starts, and leaves her bed, amd springs a light.

Dryden.
 The friends to the cause sprang a new project.

Swift.
3. To cause to explode; as, to spring a mine.

4. To crack or split; to bend or strain so as to weaken; as, to spring a mast or a yard.

5. To cause to close suddenly, as the parts of a trap operated by a spring; as, to spring a trap.

6. To bend by force, as something stiff or strong; to force or put by bending, as a beam into its sockets, and allowing it to straighten when in place; -- often with in, out, etc.; as, to spring in a slat or a bar.

7. To pass over by leaping; as, to spring a fence.

To spring a butt (Naut.), to loosen the end of a plank in a ship's bottom. -- To spring a leak (Naut.), to begin to leak. -- To spring an arch (Arch.), to build an arch; -- a common term among masons; as, to spring an arch over a lintel. -- To spring a rattle, to cause a rattle to sound. See Watchman's rattle, under Watchman. -- To spring the luff (Naut.), to ease the helm, and sail nearer to the wind than before; -- said of a vessel. Mar. Dict. -- To spring a mast or spar (Naut.), to strain it so that it is unserviceable.

 Spring, n. [AS. spring a fountain, a leap. See Spring, v.
 i.] 1. A leap; a bound; a jump.

 The prisoner, with a spring, from prison broke.

Dryden.
2. A flying back; the resilience of a body recovering its former state by elasticity; as, the spring of a bow.

3. Elastic power or force.

 Heavens! what a spring was in his arm!

Dryden.
4. An elastic body of any kind, as steel, India rubber, tough wood, or compressed air, used for various mechanical purposes, as receiving and imparting power, diminishing concussion, regulating motion, measuring weight or other force.

 The principal varieties of springs used in mechanisms are the spiral spring (Fig. a), the coil spring (Fig. b), the elliptic spring (Fig. c), the halfelliptic spring (Fig. d), the volute spring, the India-rubber spring, the atmospheric spring, etc.

5. Any source of supply; especially, the source from which a stream proceeds; as issue of water from the earth; a natural fountain. "All my springs are in thee." Ps. lxxxvii. 7. "A secret spring of spiritual joy." Bentley. "The sacred spring whence and honor streams."
 Sir J. Davies.
6. Any active power; that by which action, or motion, is produced or propagated; cause; origin; motive.

 Our author shuns by vulgar springs to move The hero's glory, or the virgin's love.

Pope.
7. That which springs, or is originated, from a source; as: (a) A race; lineage. [Obs.] Chapman. (b) A youth; a springal.
 [Obs.] Spenser. (c) A shoot; a plant; a young tree; also, a grove of trees; woodland. [Obs.] Spenser. Milton.
8. That which causes one to spring; specifically, a lively tune.
 [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
9. The season of the year when plants begin to vegetate and grow; the vernal season, usually comprehending the months of March, April, and May, in the middle latitudes north of the equator. "The green lap of the new-come spring." Shak.
Spring of the astronomical year begins with the vernal equinox, about March 21st, and ends with the summer solstice, about June 21st.

10. The time of growth and progress; early portion; first stage.
 "The spring of the day." 1 Sam. ix. 26.
 O how this spring of love resembleth The uncertain glory of an April day.

Shak.
11. (Naut.) (a) A crack or fissure in a mast or yard, running obliquely or transversely. (b) A line led from a vessel's quarter to her cable so that by tightening or slacking it she can be made to lie in any desired position; a line led diagonally from the bow or stern of a vessel to some point upon the wharf to which she is moored.

Air spring, Boiling spring, etc. See under Air, Boiling, etc. -- Spring back (Bookbinding), a back with a curved piece of thin sheet iron or of stiff pasteboard fastened to the inside, the effect of which is to make the leaves of a book thus bound (as a ledger or other account or blank book) spring up and lie flat. -- Spring balance, a contrivance for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring of steel. -- Spring beam, a beam that supports the side of a paddle box. See Paddle beam, under Paddle, n.
 -- Spring beauty. (a) (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Claytonia, delicate herbs with somewhat fleshy leaves and pretty blossoms, appearing in springtime. (b) (Zoöl.) A small, elegant American butterfly (Erora læta) which appears in spring. The hind wings of the male are brown, bordered with deep blue; those of the female are mostly blue. -- Spring bed, a mattress, under bed, or bed bottom, in which springs, as of metal, are employed to give the required elasticity. -- Spring beetle (Zoöl.), a snapping beetle; an elater. -- Spring box, the box or barrel in a watch, or other piece of mechanism, in which the spring is contained. -- Spring fly (Zoöl.), a caddice fly; - - so called because it appears in the spring. -- Spring grass (Bot.), a vernal grass. See under Vernal. -- Spring gun, a firearm disharged by a spring, when this is trodden upon or is otherwise moved. -- Spring hook (Locomotive Engines), one of the hooks which fix the driving-wheel spring to the frame. -- Spring latch, a latch that fastens with a spring. -- Spring lock, a lock that fastens with a spring. -- Spring mattress, a spring bed. --


th. The massive tower is now the only part remaining entire.

 235. Friends'. Many recent eds. misprint "friend's."

 250. Sooth. True. See on i. 476 above.

 261. Merry it is, etc. Scott says: "This little fairy tale is founded upon a very curious Danish ballad which occurs in the Kaempe Viser, a collection of heroic songs first published in 1591, and reprinted in 1695, inscribed by Anders Sofrensen, the collector and editor, to Sophia, Queen of Denmark."

 The measure is the common ballad-metre, the basis of which is a line of eight syllables followed by one of six, the even syllables accented, with the alternate lines rhyming, so as to form a four-line stanza. It is varied by extra unaccented syllables, and by rhymes within the longer lines (both of which modifications we have in 263 and 271), and by "double rhymes" (like singing and ringing).

 262. Mavis and merle. Thrush and blackbird.

 267. Wold. Open country, as opposed to wood. Cf. Tennyson, In Memoriam, 11: "Calm and deep peace on this high wold," etc. See also 724 below.

 274. Glaive. Broadsword. Cf. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 38: "laying both his hands upon his glave," etc. See also v. 253 below.

 277. Pall. A rich fabric used for making palls, or mantles. Cf. F. Q. i.
 7. 16: "He gave her gold and purple pall to weare."

 278. Wont. Were accustomed. See on i. 408 above.

 282. 'Twas but, etc. The MS. reads: 283. Darkling. In the dark; a poetical word. Cf. Milton, P. L. iii. 39: Shakespeare, Lear, i. 4. 237: "So out went the candle, and we were left darkling," etc. See also 711 below.

 285. Vair. The fur of the squirrel. See Wb.

 286. Sheen. See on i. 208 above.

 291. Richard. Here accented on the final syllable. Such license is not unusual in ballad poetry.

 298. Woned. Dwelt. See on i. 408 above. Scott has the following note here: "In a long dissertation upon the Fairy Superstitions, published in the Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, the most valuable part of which was supplied by my learned and indefatigable friend, Dr. John Leyden, most of the circumstances are collected which can throw light upon the popular belief which even yet prevails respecting them in Scotland. Dr. Grahame, author of an entertaining work upon the Scenery of the Perthshire Highlands, already frequently quoted, has recorded with great accuracy the peculiar tenets held by the Highlanders on this topic, in the vicinity of Loch Katrine. The learned author is inclined to deduce the whole mythology from the Druidical system—an opinion to which there are many objections.

 'The Daoine Shi', or Men of Peace, of the Highlanders, though not absolutely malevolent, are believed to be a peevish, repining race of beings, who, possessing themselves but a scanty portion of happiness, are supposed to envy mankind their more complete and substantial enjoyments.
 They are supposed to enjoy, in their subterraneous recesses, a sort of shadowy happiness,—a tinsel grandeur; which, however, they would willingly exchange for the more solid joys of mortality.

 'They are believed to inhabit certain round grassy eminences, where they celebrate their nocturnal festivities by the light of the moon. About a mile beyond the source of the Forth, above Loch Con, there is a placed called Coirshi'an, or the Cove of the Men of Peace, which is still supposed to be a favorite place of their residence. In the neighborhood are to be seen many round conical eminences, particularly one near the head of the lake, by the skirts of which many are still afraid to pass after sunset. It is believed that if, on Hallow-eve, any person, alone, goes round one of these hills nine times, towards the left hand (sinistrorsum) a door shall open, by which he will be admitted into their subterraneous abodes. Many, it is said, of mortal race have been entertained in their secret recesses. There they have been received into the most splendid apartments, and regaled with the most sumptuous banquets and delicious wines. Their females surpass the daughters of men in beauty.
 The seemingly happy inhabitants pass their time in festivity, and in dancing to notes of the softest music. But unhappy is the mortal who joins in their joys or ventures to partake of their dainties. By this indulgence he forfeits for ever the society of men, and is bound down irrevocably to the condition of Shi'ich, or Man of Peace.'"

 301. Why sounds, etc. "It has been already observed that fairies, if not positively malevolent, are capricious, and easily offended. They are, like other proprietors of forests, peculiarly jealous of their rights of vert and venison.... This jealousy was also an attribute of the northern Duergar, or dwarfs; to many of whose distinctions the fairies seem so have succeeded, if, indeed, they are not the same class of beings. In the huge metrical record of German chivalry entitled the Helden-Buch, Sir Hildebrand, and the other heroes of whom it treats, are engaged in one of their most desperate adventures, from a rash violation of the rose-garden of an Elfin or Dwarf King.

 "There are yet traces of a belief in this worst and most malicious order of fairies among the Border wilds. Dr. Leyden has introduced such a dwarf into his ballad entitled The Cout of Keeldar, and has not forgot his characteristic detestation of the chase.

 "The poetical picture here given of the Duergar corresponds exactly with the following Northumberland legend, with which I was lately favored by my learned and kind friend, Mr. Surtees of Mainsforth, who has bestowed indefatigable labor upon the antiquities of the English Border counties.
 The subject is in itself so curious, that the length of the note will, I hope, be pardoned: 'I have only one record to offer of the appearance of our Northumbrian Duergar. My narratrix is Elizabeth Cockburn, and old wife of Offerton, in this country, whose credit, in a case of this kind, will not, I hope, be much impeached when I add that she is by her dull neighbors supposed to be occasionally insane, but by herself to be at those times endowed with a faculty of seeing visions and spectral appearances which shun the common ken.

 'In the year before the great rebellion, two young men from Newcastle were sporting on the high moors above Eldson, and after pursuing their game several hours, sat down to dine in a green glen near one of the mountain streams. After their repast, the younger lad ran to the brook for water, and after stooping to drink, was surprised, on lifting his head again, by the appearance of a brown dwarf, who stood on a crag covered with brackens, across the burn. This extraordinary personage did not appear to be above half the stature of a common man, but was uncommonly stout and broad-built, having the appearance of vast strength. His dress was entirely brown, the color of the brackens, and his head covered with frizzled red hair. His countenance was expressive of the most savage ferocity, and his eyes glared like a bull. It seems he addressed the young man first, threatening him with his vengeance for having trespassed on his demesnes, and asking him if he knew in whose presence he stood? The youth replied that he now supposed him to be the lord of the moors; that he offended through ignorance; and offered to bring him the game he had killed. The dwarf was a little mollified by this submission, but remarked that


a being named Earth-prophet. At first it appeared like a spider's web, reminding one of the West African legend that a great spider created the world. Man was made by the Earth-prophet out of clay kneaded with sweat. A mysterious eagle and a deluge play a great part in the later mythical adventures of war and the world, as known to the Pimas.(1) (1) Communicated to Mr. Bancroft by Mr. Stout of the Pima Agency.

 In Oregon the coyote appears as a somewhat tentative demiurge, and the men of his creation, like the beings first formed by Prajapati in the Sanskrit myth, needed to be reviewed, corrected and considerably augmented. The Chinooks of Oregon believe in the usual race of magnified non-natural men, who preceded humanity.

 These semi-divine people were called Ulhaipa by the Chinooks, and Sehuiab by the Lummies. But the coyote was the maker of men. As the first of Nature's journeymen, he made men rather badly, with closed eyes and motionless feet. A kind being, named Ikanam, touched up the coyote's crude essays with a sharp stone, opening the eyes of men, and giving their hands and feet the powers of movement. He also acted as a "culture-hero," introducing the first arts. (1) (1) (Frauchere's Narrative, 258; Gibb's Chinook Vocabulary; Parker's exploring Tour, i. 139;) Bancroft, iii. 96.

 Moving up the West Pacific coast we reach British Columbia, where the coyote is not supposed to have been so active as our old friend the musk-rat in the great work of the creation. According to the Tacullies, nothing existed in the beginning but water and a musk-rat. As the animal sought his food at the bottom of the water, his mouth was frequently filled with mud. This he spat out, and so gradually formed by alluvial deposit an island. This island was small at first, like earth in the Sanskrit myth in the Satapatha Brahmana, but gradually increased in bulk.
 The Tacullies have no new light to throw on the origin of man.(1) (1) Bancroft, iii. 98; Harmon's Journey, pp. 302, 303.

 The Thlinkeets, who are neighbours of the Tacullies on the north, incline to give crow or raven the chief role in the task of creation, just as some Australians allot the same part to the eagle-hawk, and the Yakuts to a hawk, a crow and a teal-duck. We shall hear much of Yehl later, as one of the mythical heroes of the introduction of civilisation. North of the Thlinkeets, a bird and a dog take the creative duties, the Aleuts and Koniagas being descended from a dog. Among the more northern Tinnehs, the dog who was the progenitor of the race had the power of assuming the shape of a handsome young man. He supplied the protoplasm of the Tinnehs, as Purusha did that of the Aryan world, out of his own body. A giant tore him to pieces, as the gods tore Purusha, and out of the fragments thrown into the rivers came fish, the fragments tossed into the air took life as birds, and so forth.(1) This recalls the Australian myth of the origin of fish and the Ananzi stories of the origin of whips.(2) (1) Hearne, pp. 342, 343; Bancroft, iii. 106.

 (2) See "Divine Myths of Lower Races". M. Cosquin, in Contes de Lorraine, vol. i. p. 58, gives the Ananzi story.

 Between the cosmogonic myths of the barbarous or savage American tribes and those of the great cultivated American peoples, Aztecs, Peruvians and Quiches, place should be found for the legends of certain races in the South Pacific. Of these, the most important are the Maoris or natives of New Zealand, the Mangaians and the Samoans. Beyond the usual and world-wide correspondences of myth, the divine tales of the various South Sea isles display resemblances so many and essential that they must be supposed to spring from a common and probably not very distant centre. As it is practically impossible to separate Maori myths of the making of things from Maori myths of the gods and their origin, we must pass over here the metaphysical hymns and stories of the original divine beings, Rangi and Papa, Heaven and Earth, and of their cruel but necessary divorce by their children, who then became the usual Titanic race which constructs and "airs" the world for the reception of man.(1) Among these beings, more fully described in our chapter on the gods of the lower races, is Tiki, with his wife Marikoriko, twilight. Tane (male) is another of the primordial race, children of earth and heaven, and between him and Tiki lies the credit of having made or begotten humanity. Tane adorned the body of his father, heaven (Rangi), by sticking stars all over it, as disks of pearl-shells are stuck all over images. He was the parent of trees and birds, but some trees are original and divine beings. The first woman was not born, but formed out of the sun and the echo, a pretty myth. Man was made by Tiki, who took red clay, and kneaded it with his own blood, or with the red water of swamps. The habits of animals, some of which are gods, while others are descended from gods, follow from their conduct at the moment when heaven and earth were violently divorced. New Zealand itself, or at least one of the isles, was a huge fish caught by Maui (of whom more hereafter). Just as Pund-jel, in Australia, cut out the gullies and vales with his knife, so the mountains and dells of New Zealand were produced by the knives of Maui's brothers when they crimped his big fish.(2) Quite apart from those childish ideas are the astonishing metaphysical hymns about the first stirrings of light in darkness, of "becoming" and "being," which remind us of Hegel and Heraclitus, or of the most purely speculative ideas in the Rig-Veda.(3) Scarcely less metaphysical are the myths of Mangaia, of which Mr. Gill(4) gives an elaborate account.

 (1) See "Divine Myths of Lower Races".

 (2) Taylor, New Zealand, pp. 115-121; Bastian, Heilige Sage der Polynesier, pp. 36-50; Shortland, Traditions of New Zealanders.

 (3) See chapter on "Divine Myths of the Lower Races," and on "Indian Cosmogonic Myths" (4) Myths and Songs from the South Pacific, pp. 1-22.

 The Mangaian ideas of the world are complex, and of an early scientific sort. The universe is like the hollow of a vast cocoa-nut shell, divided into many imaginary circles like those of mediaeval speculation. There is a demon at the stem, as it were, of the cocoa-nut, and, where the edges of the imaginary shell nearly meet, dwells a woman demon, whose name means "the very beginning". In this system we observe efforts at metaphysics and physical speculation. But it is very characteristic of rude thought that such extremely abstract conceptions as "the very beginning" are represented as possessing life and human form. The woman at the bottom of the shell was anxious for progeny, and therefore plucked a bit out of her own right side, as Eve was made out of the rib of Adam. This piece of flesh became Vatea, the father of gods and men. Vatea (like Oannes in the Chaldean legend) was half man, half fish. "The Very Beginning" begat other children in the same manner, and some of these became departmental gods of ocean, noon-day, and so forth. Curiously enough, the Mangaians seem to be sticklers for primogeniture. Vatea, as the first-born son, originally had his domain next above that of his mother. But she was pained by the thought that his younger brothers each took


to be the following inscription:— "Here lies the body of Mrs. Mary, wife of Dr. John Bull, Esq. She died November 4, 1778, aetat. ninety, having had 13 children, 101 grandchildren, 274 great grandchildren, and 22 great-great grandchildren, a total of 410; surviving, 336."
In Esher Church there is an inscription, scarcely legible, which records the death of the mother of Mrs. Mary Morton on April 18, 1634, and saying that she was the wonder of her sex and age, for she lived to see nearly 400 issued from her loins.
The following is a communication to "Notes and Queries," March 21, 1891: "Mrs. Mary Honeywood was daughter and one of the coheiresses of Robert Waters, Esq., of Lenham, in Kent. She was born in 1527; married in February, 1543, at sixteen years of age, to her only husband, Robert Honeywood, Esq., of Charing, in Kent. She died in the ninety-third year of her age, in May, 1620. She had 16 children of her own body, 7 sons and 9 daughters, of whom one had no issue, 3 died young—the youngest was slain at Newport battle, June 20, 1600. Her grandchildren, in the second generation, were 114; in the third, 228, and in the fourth, 9; so that she could almost say the same as the distich doth of one of the Dalburg family of Basil: 'Rise up, daughter and go to thy daughter, for thy daughter's daughter hath a daughter.'
"In Markshal Church, in Essex, on Mrs. Honeywood's tomb is the following inscription: 'Here lieth the body of Mary Waters, the daughter and coheir of Robert Waters, of Lenham, in Kent, wife of Robert Honeywood, of Charing, in Kent, her only husband, who had at her decease, lawfully descended from her, 367 children, 16 of her own body, 114 grandchildren, 228 in the third generation, and 9 in the fourth.
She lived a most pious life and died at Markshal, in the ninety-third year of her age and the forty-fourth of her widowhood, May 11, 1620.'
(From 'Curiosities for the Ingenious,' 1826.) S. S. R."
Animal prolificity though not finding a place in this work, presents some wonderful anomalies.
In illustration we may note the following: In the Illustrated London News, May 11, 1895, is a portrait of "Lady Millard," a fine St. Bernard bitch, the property of Mr. Thorp of Northwold, with her litter of 21 puppies, born on February 9, 1896, their sire being a magnificent dog—"Young York." There is quoted an incredible account of a cow, the property of J. N. Sawyer of Ohio, which gave birth to 56 calves, one of which was fully matured and lived, the others being about the size of kittens; these died, together with the mother. There was a cow in France, in 1871, delivered of 5 calves.
CHAPTER V. MAJOR TERATA.
Monstrosities have attracted notice from the earliest time, and many of the ancient philosophers made references to them. In mythology we read of Centaurs, impossible beings who had the body and extremities of a beast; the Cyclops, possessed of one enormous eye; or their parallels in Egyptian myths, the men with pectoral eyes,—the creatures "whose heads do beneath their shoulders grow;" and the Fauns, those sylvan deities whose lower extremities bore resemblance to those of a goat.
Monsters possessed of two or more heads or double bodies are found in the legends and fairy tales of every nation. Hippocrates, his precursors, Empedocles and Democritus, and Pliny, Aristotle, and Galen, have all described monsters, although in extravagant and ridiculous language.
Ballantyne remarks that the occasional occurrence of double monsters was a fact known to the Hippocratic school, and is indicated by a passage in De morbis muliebribus, in which it is said that labor is gravely interfered with when the infant is dead or apoplectic or double. There is also a reference to monochorionic twins (which are by modern teratologists regarded as monstrosities) in the treatise De Superfoetatione, in which it is stated that "a woman, pregnant with twins, gives birth to them both at the same time, just as she has conceived them; the two infants are in a single chorion."
Ancient Explanations of Monstrosities.—From the time of Galen to the sixteenth century many incredible reports of monsters are seen in medical literature, but without a semblance of scientific truth. There has been little improvement in the mode of explanation of monstrous births until the present century, while in the Middle Ages the superstitions were more ludicrous and observers more ignorant than before the time of Galen. In his able article on the teratologic records of Chaldea, Ballantyne makes the following trite statements: "Credulity and superstition have never been the peculiar possession of the lower types of civilization only, and the special beliefs that have gathered round the occurrence of teratologic phenomena have been common to the cultured Greek and Roman of the past, the ignorant peasant of modern times, and the savage tribes of all ages. Classical writings, the literature of the Middle Ages, and the popular beliefs of the present day all contain views concerning teratologic subjects which so closely resemble those of the Chaldean magi as to be indistinguishable from them. Indeed, such works as those of Obsequens, Lycosthenes, Licetus, and Ambroise Pare only repeat, but with less accuracy of description and with greater freedom of imagination, the beliefs of ancient Babylon. Even at the present time the most impossible cases of so-called'maternal impressions' are widely scattered through medical literature; and it is not very long since I received a letter from a distinguished member of the profession asking me whether, in my opinion, I thought it possible for a woman to give birth to a dog. Of course, I do not at all mean to infer that teratology has not made immense advances within recent times, nor do I suggest that on such subjects the knowledge of the magi can be compared with that of the average medical student of the present; but what I wish to emphasize is that, in the literature of ancient Babylonia, there are indications of an acquaintance with structural defects and malformations of the human body which will compare favorably with even the writings of the sixteenth century of the Christian era."
Many reasons were given for the existence of monsters, and in the Middle Ages these were as faulty as the descriptions themselves. They were interpreted as divinations, and were cited as forebodings and examples of wrath, or even as glorifications of the Almighty. The semi-human creatures were invented or imagined, and cited as the results of bestiality and allied forms of sexual perversion prevalent in those times. We find minute descriptions and portraits of these impossible results of wicked practices in many of the older medical books. According to Pare there was born in 1493, as the result of illicit intercourse between a woman and a dog, a creature resembling in its upper extremities its mother, while its lower extremities were the exact counterpart of its canine father. This particular case was believed by Bateman and others to be a precursor to the murders and wickedness that followed in the time of Pope Alexander I. Volateranus, Cardani, and many others cite instances of this kind. Lycosthenes says that in the year 1110, in the bourg of Liege, there was found a creature with the head, visage, hands, and feet of a man, and the rest of the body like that of a pig. Pare quotes this case and gives an illustration. Rhodiginus mentions a shepherd of Cybare by the name of Cratain, who had connection with a female goat and impregnated her, so that she brought forth a beast with a head resembling that of the father, but with the lower extremities of a goat. He says that the likeness to the father


is stored in the gallbladder, to be released on demand into the small intestine to digest fat. A toxic, overloaded liver makes irritating sediment-containing bile that inflames the gallbladder and forms stones. A high-fat diet forces the liver to make even more of this irritant.
 A toxic, overloaded, inflamed, blocked gallbladder is capable of causing an enormous array of symptoms that can seem to have no connection at all to their cause. In part these same symptoms are caused by a toxic, constipated colon that, in part, got that way because of poor fat digestion over a long time. These symptoms include: severe back pain; headache; bloating; burping; nausea; insomnia; intestinal gas; generalized aches and pains.
 Medical doctors used to remove a troublesome gallbladder without hesitation; it was an organ they considered to be highly dispensable. Without one, the bile duct takes over as a bladder but its capacity is much smaller so the person's ability to digest fats has been permanently crippled, leading to increased toxemia and earlier aging if fats are not eliminated from the diet. These days the medicos have a new, less invasive procedure to eliminate stones; they are vibrated and broken-up by ultrasonics without major surgery. Inflamed gallbladders are usually removed because gallbladder inflammations resist treatment by antibiotics.
 There are several very effective natural gallbladder remedies.
The best is a three week fast, taking the juice of one or two lemons every day, along with colonics. The lemon juice tends to clear the bile duct. The fast allows the gallbladder to heal from inflammation. In cases that aren't too severe I have had very good results simply eliminating fats from the diet and using a food supplement derived from beet tops called AF Betafood. However, in all these cases, once the gallbladder is no longer "acting up," the person must stay on a low fat diet. Any fats they do eat must be vegetable and in small quantities.
 By healing their gallbladders and cleansing their colons, several of my clients have resolved severe, debilitating back pain, pain so severe that the suffers were becoming bedridden. Medical doctors don't associate gallbladder disease with back pain.
The Frightening Heart Heart disease is one of the major causes of death among North Americans. It evokes images of resuscitation, of desperate races against time, trying to restart an arrested heart before the brain dies. It makes people think of horribly expensive surgery, last wills and testaments, terrible, paralyzing pain. Heart disease is a great profit center for the medical profession.
 Most heart problems are very easy to fix by holistic approaches, even many hereditary weaknesses and malfunctions can be healed, if the work is done before too much organic damage occurs. But it rarely is easy to get the people to take the necessary medicine; everything in their lives must change--and fast.
 First of all, people with heart problems must rapidly reach and maintain normal weight. This can be done by fasting or by dietary change, usually by eliminating all fats, sugars and refined starches. Alcohol and tobacco must instantly and forever become only past memories. It is almost as essential to eliminate flesh protein foods and dairy. Should that prove entirely too painful, fish in small quantities and only one or two times a week is tolerable.
 For starters, a long fast, especially one involving lots of bed rest, is ideal. This gives the heart a chance to heal while the body weight is adjusted. A period of intense rest even without water fasting will accomplish almost as much. Even someone with the potential for heart disease who has not yet had a heart attack would be well-served to spend a month in bed, losing weight on juice, or sitting in a rocker on the porch eating only raw foods. After the weight is down to normal or close to normal and the heart tests stronger, an exercise program should be started.
 Exercise has to become a religion. A daily aerobic program must be started on a carefully managed gradient, using the pulse rate as an regulator, at first raising their maximum heart rate to a point just below 150 percent of its resting pulse and keeping it there for thirty minutes. One can walk, jog, ride a bicycle or use an exercise machine. Actually, everyone should do this, even those with no heart problems. My husband, who hates the boredom of exercise, enjoys a ski machine in front of the TV while the stock market program is on. He finds the TV interesting enough that he pays no attention to his workout. Daily aerobic exercise will strengthen the heart, gradually slowing the heart's resting pulse rate, indicating that the heart has become much stronger, pumping more blood with each pulse. As the resting pulse drops the exercising heartbeat can be increased to double the resting rate.
 Highly aggressive, competitive, stress-oriented people have to give up being adrenaline junkies and learn to relax and assume a laid-back approach to living. Or die soon. An adrenaline junkie is someone that enjoys the feeling they get when operating under stress. Stress and the adrenaline it releases produce a kind of a drug-high. Many stressaholics cannot give up their adrenaline addiction while maintaining their previous employment and life-style, even though their life is at stake. In this sense they are like alcoholics, who should not take employment tending bar. To survive for long these people may have to retire or change professions.
Stockbrokers may have to become Organic farmers; journalists may have to operate a news stand or bookstore, or work part-time covering the society page and dog shows.
Women frequently turn their family life into a stress-filled drama too.
 With heart problems a life extension megavitamin program is essential, even for twenty somethings if they have heart disease. The sixty milligrams of Co-Enzyme Q-10 I recommend for the average middle aged person will not be enough for heart cases; they should take at least 120 milligrams daily and consider up to 250 mg. This much Q-10 greatly boosts the energy output of the heart on a cellular level. Vitamin E should also be increased, to between 600 and 2,000 iu daily. I also rebuild diseased hearts with protomorphogens; usually they must stay on protomorphogens for the rest of their lives. Niacin taken several times a day in doses, sufficient to dilate the capillaries and cause a skin flush (50 to 200 milligrams), increases the blood flow to nourish the heart. The amino acid L. Carnitine is also useful by increasing the energy output of the heart much like Co-Enzyme Q-10.
 When I put people on this program, the supplements and other measures gradually take effect, and over months the patient begins to feel enormously better. Inevitably they come to dislike the side-effects of the various medications their medical doctor has put them on and they begin to wean themselves off of heart-stimulating poisons like digitalis. Another benefit of my program is that inevitably, blood pressure also drops to a normal range so if they have been on blood pressure medication they quit that too. Their diuretics also become unnecessary. The money they save more than pays for their supplements and the sense of well-being they feel is beyond value.
Other Kinds Of Cancer There seem to be many other kinds of cancer, at least if you believe the medical doctors. They divide up cancers and their treatments by their location in the body and by the type of cancer cells present. I do not see it that way. To me, a cancer is a cancer is a cancer, and there is only one kind: it is an immune system collapse, consequence of the deadly triangle of weak spleen, thymus and liver, plus a toxic large intestine and weak pancreas. That organ profile is found in skin cancer, prostate cancer, leukemia, brain cancer, cancer of what have you. How fast or how slowly the cells multiply or spread, where they are located, what the cancer cells look like in a microscope, these are irrelevant factors compared to the body's ability to conquer the disease. Or die from it.
 If the body's immune system can stop the growth of the cancers and begin to turn them back before the cancer cells impinge catastrophically on some vital function, the person can usually survive. Even if the body cannot completely eliminate all the cancer cells, but regains enough immune function to keep the existing cancers in permanent check, a person can survive many years with an existing, stable cancer without undue pain or discomfort. Still having a non-growing tumor after a long fast indicates that a person is a lot better than they were before fasting.
 I believe that virtually


alarm. "A panic fright." Dryden.
 Pan"ic, n. [Gr. &?; (with or without &?; fear): cf. F. panigue.
 See Panic, a.] 1. A sudden, overpowering fright; esp., a sudden and groundless fright; terror inspired by a trifling cause or a misapprehension of danger; as, the troops were seized with a panic; they fled in a panic.

2. By extension: A sudden widespread fright or apprehension concerning financial affairs.

 Pan"ic*al (?), a. See Panic, a. [Obs.] Camden.
 Pan"i*cle (?), n. [L. panicula a tuft on plants, dim. of panus the thread wound upon the bobbin in a shuttle; cf. Gr. &?;, &?;; prob. akin to E. pane: cf. F. panicule. See 2d Pane.] (Bot.)
 A pyramidal form of inflorescence, in which the cluster is loosely branched below and gradually simpler toward the end.

 Pan"i*cled (?), a. (Bot.) Furnished with panicles; arranged in, or like, panicles; paniculate.

 { Pan"ic-strick'en (?), Pan"ic-struck' (?) }, a. Struck with a panic, or sudden fear. Burke.
 { Pa*nic"u*late (?), Pa*nic"u*la'ted (?), } a. [See Panicle.] (Bot) Same as Panicled.

 ||Pan"i*cum (?), n. [L., panic grass.] (Bot.) A genus of grasses, including several hundred species, some of which are valuable; panic grass.

 Pan*id'i*o*mor"phic (?), a. [Pan- + idiomorphic.] (Geol.)
 Having a completely idiomorphic structure; -- said of certain rocks.

 Pan"ier (?), n. See Pannier, 3. [Obs.]

 Pan'i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. panis bread + -ficare (in comp.) to make: cf. F. panification.] The act or process of making bread. Ure.
 Pa"nim (?), n. See Painim. [Obs.] Milton.
 Pan*is"lam*ism (?), n. [Pan- + Islamism.] A desire or plan for the union of all Mohammedan nations for the conquest of the world.

 Pa*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L. panis bread + vorare to devour.] Eating bread; subsisting on bread.

 Pan*nade" (?), n. The curvet of a horse.

 Pan"nage (?), n. [OF. pasnage, LL. pasnadium, pastinaticum, fr. pastionare to feed on mast, as swine, fr. L. pastio a pasturing, grazing. See Pastor.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) The food of swine in the woods, as beechnuts, acorns, etc.; -- called also pawns.
 (b) A tax paid for the privilege of feeding swine in the woods.

 Pan"na*ry (?), a. See Panary. Loudon.
 Pan"nel (?), n. [See Panel.] 1. A kind of rustic saddle. Tusser.
2. (Falconry) The stomach of a hawk. Ainsworth.
3. (Mil.) A carriage for conveying a mortar and its bed, on a march. Farrow.
 Pan"nier (?), n. [F. panier, fr. L. panarium a bread basket, fr. panis bread. Cf. Pantry.] 1. A bread basket; also, a wicker basket (used commonly in pairs) for carrying fruit or other things on a horse or an ass Hudibras.
2. (Mil. Antiq.) A shield of basket work formerly used by archers as a shelter from the enemy's missiles.

3. A table waiter at the Inns of Court, London.

4. A framework of steel or whalebone, worn by women to expand their dresses; a kind of bustle.

 Pan"niered (?), a. Bearing panniers. Wordsworth.
 Pan"ni*kel (?), n. [See Pan a dish.] The brainpan, or skull; hence, the crest. [Obs.] Spenser.
 Pan"ni*kin (?), n. [Dim. of pan a dish.] A small pan or cup.
 Marryat. Thackeray.
 Pan"nose' (?), a. [See Pannus.] (Bot.) Similar in texture or appearance to felt or woolen cloth.

 ||Pan"nus (?), n. [L., cloth. See 2d Pane.] (Med.) A very vascular superficial opacity of the cornea, usually caused by granulation of the eyelids. Foster.
 Pan'o*is"tic (?), a. [Pan- + Gr. &?; an egg.] (Zoöl.)
 Producing ova only; -- said of the ovaries of certain insects which do not produce vitelligenous cells.

 Pan'om*phe"an (?), a. [L. panomphaeus, Gr. &?;.]
 Uttering ominous or prophetic voices; divining. [R.]

 We want no half gods, panomphean Joves.

Mrs. Browning.
 Pan"o*plied (?), a. Dressed in panoply.

 Pan"o*ply (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, all + &?; tool, implement, in pl., armor, arms.] Defensive armor in general; a full suit of defensive armor. Milton.
 We had need to take the Christian panoply, to put on the whole armor of God.

Ray.
 Pa*nop"ti*con (?), n. [NL. See Pan-, and Optic.]

1. A prison so contructed that the inspector can see each of the prisoners at all times, without being seen.

2. A room for the exhibition of novelties.

 Pan'o*ra"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, all + &?; that which is seen, a view, fr. &?; to see. See Pan-, and Wary.]

1. A complete view in every direction.

2. A picture presenting a view of objects in every direction, as from a central point.

3. A picture representing scenes too extended to be beheld at once, and so exhibited a part at a time, by being unrolled, and made to pass continuously before the spectator.

 { Pan'o*ram"ic (?), Pan'o*ram"ic*al (?), } a. Of, pertaining to, or like, a panorama.

Panoramic camera. See under Camera.

 Pa*nor"pi*an (?), a. (Zoöl.) Like, or pertaining to, the genus Panorpa. -- n. Same as Panorpid.

 Pa*nor"pid (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any neuropterous insect of the genus Panorpa, and allied genera. The larvæ feed on plant lice.

 Pan*phar"ma*con (?), n. [NL. See Pan-, and Pharmacon.] A medicine for all diseases; a panacea. [R.]

 Pan'pres'by*te"ri*an (?), a. [Pan- + Presbyterian.]
 Belonging to, or representative of, those who hold Presbyterian views in all parts of the world; as, a Panpresbyterian council.

 { Pan'sclav"ic (?), Pan'sclav"ism (?), Pan'sclav"ist, Pan'scla*vo"ni*an (?) }. See Panslavic, Panslavism, etc.

 Pan"shon (?), n. An earthen vessel wider at the top than at the bottom, -- used for holding milk and for various other purposes. [Prov.
 Eng.] Halliwell.
 Pan"sied (?), a


Ceres' Runaway, by Alice Meynell Transcribed from the 1909 Constable & Co. Ltd. edition by David Price, email _EMAIL_ Ceres' Runaway & Other Essays Contents: Ceres' Runaway A Vanquished Man A Northern Fancy Laughter Harlequin Mercutio The Little Language Anima Pellegrina!
The Sea Wall The Daffodil Addresses The Audience Tithonus The Tow Path The Tethered Constellations Popular Burlesque Dry Autumn The Plaid Two Burdens The Unready The Child of Tumult The Child of Subsiding Tumult CERES' RUNAWAY One can hardly be dull possessing the pleasant imaginary picture of a Municipality hot in chase of a wild crop—at least while the charming quarry escapes, as it does in Rome. The Municipality does not exist that would be nimble enough to overtake the Roman growth of green in the high places of the city. It is true that there have been the famous captures—those in the Colosseum, and in the Baths of Caracalla; moreover a less conspicuous running to earth takes place on the Appian Way, in some miles of the solitude of the Campagna, where men are employed in weeding the roadside. They slowly uproot the grass and lay it on the ancient stones—rows of little corpses—for sweeping up, as at Upper Tooting; one wonders why. The governors of the city will not succeed in making the Via Appia look busy, or its stripped stones suggestive of a thriving commerce. Again, at the cemetery within the now torn and shattered Aurelian wall by the Porta San Paolo, they are often mowing of buttercups. "A light of laughing flowers along the grass is spread," says Shelley, whose child lies between Keats and the pyramid. But a couple of active scythes are kept at work there summer and spring—not that the grass is long, for it is much overtopped by the bee-orchis, but because flowers are not to laugh within reach of the civic vigilance.
Yet, except that it is overtaken and put to death in these accessible places, the wild summer growth of Rome has a prevailing success and victory. It breaks all bounds, flies to the summits, lodges in the sun, swings in the wind, takes wing to find the remotest ledges, and blooms aloft. It makes light of the sixteenth century, of the seventeenth, and of the eighteenth. As the historic ages grow cold it banters them alike. The flagrant flourishing statue, the haughty façade, the broken pediment (and Rome is chiefly the city of the broken pediment) are the opportunities of this vagrant garden in the air. One certain church, that is full of attitude, can hardly be aware that a crimson snapdragon of great stature and many stalks and blossoms is standing on its furthest summit tiptoe against its sky. The cornice of another church in the fair middle of Rome lifts out of the shadows of the streets a row of accidental marigolds.
Impartial to the antique, the mediaeval, the Renaissance early and late, the newer modern, this wild summer finds its account in travertine and tufa, reticulated work, brick, stucco and stone. "A bird of the air carries the matter," or the last sea-wind, sombre and soft, or the latest tramontana, gold and blue, has lodged in a little fertile dust the wild grass, wild wheat, wild oats!
If Venus had her runaway, after whom the Elizabethans raised hue and cry, this is Ceres'. The municipal authorities, hot-foot, cannot catch it. And, worse than all, if they pause, dismayed, to mark the flight of the agile fugitive safe on the arc of a flying buttress, or taking the place of the fallen mosaics and coloured tiles of a twelfth-century tower, and in any case inaccessible, the grass grows under their discomfited feet. It actually casts a flush of green over their city piazza—the wide light-grey pavements so vast that to keep them weeded would need an army of workers.
That army has not been employed; and grass grows in a small way, but still beautifully, in the wide space around which the tramway circles.
Perhaps a hatred of its delightful presence is what chiefly prompts the civic government in Rome to the effort to turn the piazza into a square. The shrub is to take the place not so much of the pavement as of the importunate grass. For it is hard to be beaten—and the weed does so prevail, is so small, and so dominant! The sun takes its part, and one might almost imagine a sensitive Municipality in tears, to see grass running, overhead and underfoot, through the "third" (which is in truth the fourth) Rome.
When I say grass I use the word widely. Italian grass is not turf; it is full of things, and they are chiefly aromatic. No richer scents throng each other, close and warm, than these from a little hand-space of the grass one rests on, within the walls or on the plain, or in the Sabine or the Alban hills. Moreover, under the name I will take leave to include lettuce as it grows with a most welcome surprise on certain ledges of the Vatican. That great and beautiful palace is piled, at various angles, as it were house upon house, here magnificent, here careless, but with nothing pretentious and nothing furtive. And outside one lateral window on a ledge to the sun, prospers this little garden of random salad. Buckingham Palace has nothing whatever of the Vatican dignity, but one cannot well think of little cheerful cabbages sunning themselves on any parapet it may have round a corner.
Moreover, in Italy the vegetables—the table ones—have a wildness, a suggestion of the grass, from lands at liberty for all the tilling. Wildish peas, wilder asparagus—the field asparagus which seems to have disappeared from England, but of which Herrick boasts in his manifestations of frugality—and strawberries much less than half-way from the small and darkling ones of the woods to the pale and corpulent of the gardens, and with nothing of the wild fragrance lost—these are all Italian things of savage savour and simplicity.
The most cultivated of all countries, the Italy of tillage, is yet not a garden, but something better, as her city is yet not a town but something better, and her wilderness something better than a desert. In all the three there is a trace of the little flying heels of the runaway.
A VANQUISHED MAN Haydon died by his own act in 1846, and it was not, in the event, until 1853 that his journal was edited, not by Elizabeth Barrett Browning, as he wished, but by Tom Taylor. Turning over these familiar and famous volumes, often read, I wonder once more how any editor was bold to "take upon himself the mystery of things" in the case of Haydon, and to assign to that venial moral fault or this the ill-fortune and defeat that beset him, with hardly a pause for the renewal of the resistance of his admirable courage.
That he made a mere intellectual mistake, gave thanks with a lowly and lofty heart for a genius denied him, that he prepared himself to answer to Heaven and earth for the gift he had not, to suffer its reproach, to bear its burden, and that he looked for its reward, is all his history.
There was no fault of the intellect in his apprehension of the thing he thought to stand possessed of. He conceived it aright, and he was just in his rebuke of a world so dull and trivial before the art for which he died. He esteemed it aright, except when he deemed it his.
His editor, thinking himself to be summoned to justify the chastisement, the destruction, the whole retribution of such a career, looks here and there for the sins of Haydon; the search is rewarded with the discovery of faults such as every man and woman entrusts to the common generosity, the general consciousness. It is a pity to see any man conning such offences by heart, and setting them clear in an editorial judgement because he thinks himself to hold a trust, by virtue of his biographical office, to explain the sufferings and the failure of a conquered man.
What, in the end, are the sins which are to lead the reader, sad but satisfied, to conclude with "See the result of—", or "So it ever must be with him who yields to—," or whatever else may be the manner of ratifying the sentence on the condemned and dead? Haydon


. pr.
 & vb. n. Cornering.] 1. To drive into a corner.

2. To drive into a position of great difficulty or hopeless embarrassment; as, to corner a person in argument.

3. To get command of (a stock, commodity, etc.), so as to be able to put one's own price on it; as, to corner the shares of a railroad stock; to corner petroleum.

 Cor"ner*cap' (-k?p'), n. The chief ornament. [Obs.]

 Thou makest the triumviry the cornercap of society. Shak.
 Cor"nered (-n?rd), p. a. 1 Having corners or angles.

2. In a possition of great difficulty; brought to bay.

 Cor"ner*wise' (-w?z'), adv. With the corner in front; diagonally; not square.

 Cor"net (k?r"n?t), n. [F. cornet, m. (for senses 1 & 2), cornette, f. & m. (for senses 3 & 4), dim. of corne horn, L. cornu. See Horn.] 1. (Mus.) (a) An obsolete rude reed instrument (Ger. Zinken), of the oboe family. (b) A brass instrument, with cupped mouthpiece, and furnished with valves or pistons, now used in bands, and, in place of the trumpet, in orchestras.
 See Cornet-à-piston. (c) A certain organ stop or register.

2. A cap of paper twisted at the end, used by retailers to inclose small wares. Cotgrave.
3. (Mil.) (a) A troop of cavalry; -- so called from its being accompanied by a cornet player. [Obs.] "A body of five cornets of horse." Clarendon. (b) The standard of such a troop.
 [Obs.] (c) The lowest grade of commissioned officer in a British cavalry troop, who carried the standard. The office was abolished in 1871.

4. A headdress: (a) A square cap anciently worn as a mark of certain professions. (b) A part of a woman's headdress, in the 16th century.

5. [Cf. Coronet.] (Far.) See Coronet, 2.

 ||Cor"net-à-pis'ton (k?r"n?t-?-p?s"t?n; F. k?r'n?'?p?s't?n"), n.; pl. Cornets-à-piston. [F.] (Mus.) A brass wind instrument, like the trumpet, furnished with valves moved by small pistons or sliding rods; a cornopean; a cornet.

 Cor"net*cy (k?r"n?t-s?), n. The commission or rank of a cornet.

 Cor"net*er (k?r"n?t-?r), n. One who blows a cornet.

 Cor"neule (k?r"n?l), n. [F., dim. of cornée the cornea.] (Zoöl.) One of the corneas of a compound eye in the invertebrates. Carpenter.
 Corn"field' (k?rn"f?ld'), n. A field where corn is or has been growing; -- in England, a field of wheat, rye, barley, or oats; in America, a field of Indian corn.

 Corn"floor' (-fl?r'), n. A thrashing floor. Hos. ix. 1.
 Corn"flow'er (-flou'?r), n. (Bot.) A conspicuous wild flower (Centaurea Cyanus), growing in grainfields.

 Cor"nic (k?r"n?k), a. Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, the dogwood (Cornus florida).

 Cor"nice (k?r"n?s), n. [F. corniche, It. cornice, LL.
 coronix, cornix, fr. L. coronis a curved line, a flourish with the pen at the end of a book or chapter, Gr. &?;&?;&?;; akin to L. corona crown. sEE Crown, and cf. Coronis.] (Arch.)
 Any horizontal, molded or otherwise decorated projection which crowns or finishes the part to which it is affixed; as, the cornice of an order, pedestal, door, window, or house. Gwilt.
Cornice ring, the ring on a cannon next behind the muzzle ring.

 Cor"niced (k?r"n?st), a. Having a cornice.

 Cor"ni*cle (k?r"n?-k'l), n. [L. corniculum, dim. of cornu horn.] A little horn. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
 Cor*nic"u*lar (-l?r), n. [L. cornicularius.] A secretary or clerk. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Cor*nic"u*late (k?r-n?k"?-l?t), a. [L. corniculatus.]

1. Horned; having horns. Dr. H. More.
2. (Bot.) Having processes resembling small horns.

 ||Cor*nic"u*lum (k?r-n?k"?-l?m), n.; pl. Cornicula (- l&?;). [L. corniculum little horn.] (Anat.) A small hornlike part or process.

 Cor*nif"er*ous (k?r-n?f"?r-?s), a. [L. cornu horn + -ferous.]
 (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the lowest period of the Devonian age.
 (See the Diagram, under Geology.) The Corniferous period has been so called from the numerous seams of hornstone which characterize the later part of the period, as developed in the State of New York.

 Cor*nif"ic (k?r-n?f"?k), a. [L. cornu horn + facere to make.] Producing horns; forming horn.

 Cor'ni*fi*ca"tion (k?r'n?-f?-k?"sh?n), n. Conversion into, or formation of, horn; a becoming like horn.

 Cor"ni*fied (k?r"n?-f?d), a. [L. cornu horn + -fy.]
 (Anat.) Converted into horn; horny.

 Cor"ni*form (-f?rm), a. [L. cornu horn + -form.]
 Having the shape of a horn; horn-shaped.

 Cor*nig"er*ous (k?r-n?j"?r-?s), a. [L. corniger; cornu horn + gerere to bear.] Horned; having horns; as, cornigerous animals. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
 Cor"nin (k?r"n?n), n. (Chem.) (a) A bitter principle obtained from dogwood (Cornus florida), as a white crystalline substance; -- called also cornic acid. (b) An extract from dogwood used as a febrifuge.

 Cor"ni*plume (k?r"n?-pl?m), n. [L. cornu horn + pluma feather.] (Zoöl.) A hornlike tuft of feathers on the head of some birds.

 Cor"nish (k?r"n?sh), a. Of or pertaining to Cornwall, in England.

Cornish chough. See Chough. -- Cornish engine, a single-acting pumping engine, used in mines, in Cornwall and elsewhere, and for water works. A heavy pump rod or plunger, raised by the steam, forces up the water by its weight, in descending.

 Cor"nish, n. The dialect, or the people, of Cornwall.

 Cor"nist, n. A performer on the cornet or horn.

 Corn"loft' (k?rn"l?ft'), n. A loft for corn; a granary.

 Corn"muse (-m?z), n. A cornemuse.

 ||Cor"no di bas*


an anchor up to the cathead. -- Cat hook (Naut.), a strong hook attached to a cat block. - - Cat nap, a very short sleep.
 [Colloq.] -- Cat o' nine tails, an instrument of punishment consisting of nine pieces of knotted line or cord fastened to a handle; -- formerly used to flog offenders on the bare back. -- Cat's cradle, game played, esp. by children, with a string looped on the fingers so, as to resemble small cradle. The string is transferred from the fingers of one to those of another, at each transfer with a change of form. See Cratch, Cratch cradle. -- To let the cat out of the bag, to tell a secret, carelessly or willfully. [Colloq.] -- Bush cat, the serval.
 See Serval.

 Cat (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. tted; p. pr. & vb.
 n. Catting.] (Naut.) To bring to the cathead; as, to cat an anchor. See Anchor. Totten.
 Cat"a (?). [Gr. kata'.] The Latin and English form of a Greek preposition, used as a prefix to signify down, downward, under, against, contrary or opposed to, wholly, completely; as in cataclysm, catarrh. It sometimes drops the final vowel, as in catoptric; and is sometimes changed to cath, as in cathartic, catholic.

 Cat'a*bap"tist (?), n. [Pref. cata + aptist. See Baptist.]
 (Eccl.) One who opposes baptism, especially of infants. [Obs.] Featley.
 ||Cat'a*ba"sion (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. kataba'sion.] A vault under altar of a Greek church.

 Cat'a*bi*ot"ic (?), a. See under Force.

 Cat'a*caus"tic (?), a. [Pref. cata + caustic.] (Physics) Relating to, or having the properties of, a caustic curve formed by reflection. See Caustic, a. Nichol.
 Cat'a*caus"tic, n. (Physics) A caustic curve formed by reflection of light. Nichol.
 Cat'a*chre"sis (?), n. [L. fr. Gr. &?; misuse, fr. &?; to misuse; kata' against + &?; to use.] (Rhet.) A figure by which one word is wrongly put for another, or by which a word is wrested from its true signification; as, "To take arms against a sea of troubles". Shak.
 "Her voice was but the shadow of a sound." Young.
 { Cat'a*chres"tic (?), Cat'a*chres"tic*al (?), } a. Belonging to, or in the manner of, a catachresis; wrested from its natural sense or form; forced; far-fetched.

 -- Cat'a*chres"tic*al*ly, adv.
 [A] catachrestical and improper way of speaking. Jer.
 Taylor.
 Cat"a*clysm (?), n. [L. cataclysmos, Gr. kataklysmo's, from &?; to dash over, inundate; kata' downward, against + &?; to wash or dash over: cf. F. cataclysme.] 1. An extensive overflow or sweeping flood of water; a deluge.

2. (Geol.) Any violent catastrophe, involving sudden and extensive changes of the earth's surface.

 { Cat'a*clys"mal (?), Cat'a*clys"mic (?), } a. Of or pertaining to a cataclysm.

 Cat'a*clys"mist (?), n. One who believes that the most important geological phenomena have been produced by cataclysms.

 Cat"a*comb (?), n. [It. catacomba, fr. L. catacumba perh. from Gr. kata' downward, down + ky'mbh cavity.] A cave, grotto, or subterraneous place of large extent used for the burial of the dead; -- commonly in the plural.

 The terms is supposed to have been applied originally to the tombs under the church of St. Sebastian in Rome. The most celebrated catacombs are those near Rome, on the Appian Way, supposed to have been the place or refuge and interment of the early Christians; those of Egypt, extending for a wide distance in the vicinity of Cairo; and those of Paris, in abandoned stone quarries, excavated under a large portion of the city.

 Cat'a*cous"tic (?), n. [Pref. cata + acoustics: cf.
 F. caraconstique.] (Physics) That part of acoustics which treats of reflected sounds or echoes See Acoustics. Hutton.
 { Cat'a*di*op"tric (?), Cat'a*di*op"tric*al (?), } a. [Pref. cata + dioptric: cf. F. catadioptrique.] (Physics) Pertaining to, produced by, or involving, both the reflection and refraction of light; as, a catadioptric light. Hutton.
 Cat'a*di*op"trics (?), n. The science which treats of catadioptric phenomena, or of the used of catadioptric instruments.

 Cat"a*drome (?), n. [Gr. kata'dromos race course; kata' down + dro'mos course.] 1. A race course.

2. (Mach.) A machine for raising or lowering heavy weights.

 Ca*tad"ro*mous (?), a. [Gr. kata' down + dro'mos a running.] 1.
(Bot.) Having the lowest inferior segment of a pinna nearer the rachis than the lowest superior one; -- said of a mode of branching in ferns, and opposed to anadromous.

2. (Zoöl.) Living in fresh water, and going to the sea to spawn; -- opposed to anadromous, and said of the eel.

 ||Cat'a*fal"co (?), n. [It.] See Catafalque.

 Cat"a*falque' (?), n. [F., fr. It. catafalco, scaffold, funeral canopy; of uncertain origin; cf. Sp. catafalso, cadahalso, cadalso, Pr. casafalc, OF. chafaut. Cf. Scaffold.] A temporary structure sometimes used in the funeral solemnities of eminent persons, for the public exhibition of the remains, or their conveyance to the place of burial.

 Cat'*ag*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; fracture, fr. &?; to break in places; kata' down + 'agny'nai to break: cf. F. catagmatique.]
 (Med.) Having the quality of consolidating broken bones.

 Ca*ta"ian (?), n. A native of Cathay or China; a foreigner; -- formerly a term of reproach. Shak.
 Cat"a*lan (?), a. Of or pertaining to Catalonia. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Catalonia; also, the language of Catalonia.

Catalan furnace, Catalan forge (Metal.), a kind of furnace for producing wrought iron directly from the ore. It was formerly much used, esp. in Catalonia, and is still used in some parts of the United States and elsewhere.

 Cat'a*lec"tic (?), a. [L. catalecticus, Gr. &?; incomplete, fr. &?; to leave off; kata' down, wholly + lh'gein to stop.] 1. (Pros.) Wanting a syllable at the end, or terminating in an imperfect foot; as, a catalectic verse.

2. (Photog. & Chem.) Incomplete; partial; not affecting the whole of a substance. Abney.
 { Cat"a*lep'sy (?), ||


life I never held but as a pawn To wage against thy enemies.

Shak.
In pawn, At pawn, in the state of being pledged. "Sweet wife, my honor is at pawn." Shak. -- Pawn ticket, a receipt given by the pawnbroker for an article pledged.

 Pawn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pawned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pawning.] 1. To give or deposit in pledge, or as security for the payment of money borrowed; to put in pawn; to pledge; as, to pawn one's watch.

 And pawned the last remaining piece of plate.

Dryden.
2. To pledge for the fulfillment of a promise; to stake; to risk; to wager; to hazard.

Pawning his honor to obtain his lust.

Shak.
 Pawna*ble (?), a. Capable of being pawned.

 Pawn"bro'ker (?), n. One who makes a business of lending money on the security of personal property pledged or deposited in his keeping.

 Pawn"bro'king, n. The business of a pawnbroker.

 Pawn*ee" (?), n. (Law) One or two whom a pledge is delivered as security; one who takes anything in pawn.

 Paw'nees" (?), n. pl.; sing. Pawnee (&?;). (Ethnol.)
 A tribe of Indians (called also Loups) who formerly occupied the region of the Platte river, but now live mostly in the Indian Territory.
 The term is often used in a wider sense to include also the related tribes of Rickarees and Wichitas. Called also Pani.

 { Pawn"er (?), Pawn*or" (?), } n. (Law) One who pawns or pledges anything as security for the payment of borrowed money or of a debt.

 Paw'paw" (?), n. (Bot.) See Papaw.

 Pax (?), n. [L. pax peace. See Peace.] 1. (Eccl.)
 The kiss of peace; also, the embrace in the sanctuary now substituted for it at High Mass in Roman Catholic churches.

2. (R. C. Ch.) A tablet or board, on which is a representation of Christ, of the Virgin Mary, or of some saint and which, in the Mass, was kissed by the priest and then by the people, in mediæval times; an osculatory. It is still used in communities, confraternities, etc.

 Kiss the pax, and be quiet like your neighbors.

Chapman.
 Pax"il*lose' (?), a. [L. paxillus a small stake.] (Geol.)
 Resembling a little stake.

 ||Pax*il"lus (?), n.; pl. Paxilli (#). [L., a peg.]
 (Zoöl.) One of a peculiar kind of spines covering the surface of certain starfishes. They are pillarlike, with a flattened summit which is covered with minute spinules or granules. See Illustration in Appendix.

 Pax"wax' (?), n. [For faxvax, fr. AS. fea&?; hair (akin to OHG. fahs) + weaxan to grow. See Wax to grow, and cf. Faxed, Pectinate.] (Anat.) The strong ligament of the back of the neck in quadrupeds. It connects the back of the skull with dorsal spines of the cervical vertebræ, and helps to support the head.
 Called also paxywaxy and packwax.

 Pax"y*wax'y (?), n. (Anat.) See Paxwax.

 Pay (?), v. t. [OF. peier, fr. L. picare to pitch, i&?; pitch: cf. OF. peiz pitch, F. poix. See Pitch a black substance.] (Naut.) To cover, as bottom of a vessel, a seam, a spar, etc., with tar or pitch, or waterproof composition of tallow, resin, etc.; to smear.

 Pay, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paid (?); p. pr. & vb.
 n. Paying.] [OE. paien, F. payer, fr. L. pacare to pacify, appease, fr. pax, pacis, peace. See Peace.] 1.
 To satisfy, or content; specifically, to satisfy (another person) for service rendered, property delivered, etc.; to discharge one's obligation to; to make due return to; to compensate; to remunerate; to recompense; to requite; as, to pay workmen or servants.

 May no penny ale them pay [i. e., satisfy].

P. Plowman.
 [She] pays me with disdain.

Dryden.
2. Hence, figuratively: To compensate justly; to requite according to merit; to reward; to punish; to retort or retaliate upon.

 For which, or pay me quickly, or I'll pay you.

B. Jonson.
3. To discharge, as a debt, demand, or obligation, by giving or doing what is due or required; to deliver the amount or value of to the person to whom it is owing; to discharge a debt by delivering (money owed). "Pay me that thou owest." Matt. xviii. 28.
 Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all.

Matt. xviii. 26.
 If they pay this tax, they starve.

Tennyson.
4. To discharge or fulfill, as a duy; to perform or render duty, as that which has been promised.

 This day have I paid my vows.

Prov. vii. 14.
5. To give or offer, without an implied obligation; as, to pay attention; to pay a visit.

 Not paying me a welcome.

Shak.
To pay off. (a) To make compensation to and discharge; as, to pay off the crew of a ship. (b) To allow (a thread, cord, etc.) to run off; to unwind. -- To pay one's duty, to render homage, as to a sovereign or other superior. -- To pay out (Naut.), to pass out; hence, to slacken; to allow to run out; as, to pay out more cable. See under Cable. -- To pay the piper, to bear the cost, expense, or trouble. [Colloq.]

 Pay (p), v. i. To give a recompense; to make payment, requital, or satisfaction; to discharge a debt.

 The wicked borroweth, and payeth not again.

Ps. xxxvii. 21.
2. Hence, to make or secure suitable return for expense or trouble; to be remunerative or profitable; to be worth the effort or pains required; as, it will pay to ride; it will pay to wait; politeness always pays.

To pay for. (a) To make amends for; to atone for; as, men often pay for their mistakes with loss of property or reputation, sometimes with life. (b) To give an equivalent for; to bear the expense of; to be mulcted on account of.

 'T was I paid for your sleeps; I watched your wakings.

Beau. & Fl.
 -- To pay off. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Naut.) To fall to leeward, as the head of a vessel under sail. -- To pay on. [Etymol.
 uncertain.] To beat with vigor; to redouble blows. [Colloq.] -- To pay round [Etymol. uncertain.] (Naut.) To turn the ship's head.

 Pay, n. 1. Satisfaction; content. Chaucer.
2. An equivalent or return for money due, goods purchased, or services performed; salary or wages for work or service; compensation; recompense; payment; hire; as, the pay of a clerk; the pay