TRUE TO HIMSELF ROGER STRONG'S STRUGGLE FOR PLACE BY EDWARD STRATEMEYER COPYRIGHT 1891 by Frank A Munsey.
Copyright 1900 by Lee and Shepard.
PREFACE "True to himself," while a complete story in itself, forms the third volume of the "Ship and Shore Series," tales of adventure on land and sea, written for both boys and girls.
In this story we are introduced to Roger Strong, a typical American country lad, and his sister Kate, who, by an unhappy combination of events, are thrown upon their own resources and compelled to make their own way in the world.
To make one's way in the world is, ordinarily, difficult enough; but when one is handicapped by a cloud on the family name, the difficulty becomes far greater. With his father thrown into prison on a serious charge, Roger finds that few people will have anything to do with either himself or his sister, and the jeers flung at him are at times almost more than he can bear. But he is "true to himself" in the best meaning of that saying, rising above those who would pull him down, and, in the end, not only succeeds in making a place for himself in the world, but also scores a worthy triumph over those who had caused his parents' downfall.
When this story was first printed as a serial, the author has every reason to believe it was well received by the boys and girls for whom it was written. In its present revised form he hopes it will meet with equal commendation.
Edward Stratemeyer.
 Newark, N.J., April 15, 1900.
CHAPTER I THE TROUBLE IN THE ORCHARD "Hi, there, Duncan Woodward!" I called out. "What are you doing in Widow Canby's orchard?"
"None of your business, Roger Strong," replied the only son of the wealthiest merchant in Darbyville.
"You are stealing her pears," I went on. "Your pockets are full of them."
"See here, Roger Strong, just you mind your own business and leave me alone."
"I am minding my business," I rejoined warmly.
"Indeed!" And Duncan put as much of a sneer as was possible in the word.
"Yes, indeed. Widow Canby pays me for taking care of her orchard, and that includes keeping an eye on these pear trees," and I approached the tree upon the lowest branch of which Duncan was standing.
"Humph! You think you're mighty big!" he blustered, as he jumped to the ground. "What right has a fellow like you to talk to me in this manner? You are getting too big for your boots."
"I don't think so. I'm guarding this property, and I want you to hand over what you've taken and leave the premises," I retorted, for I did not fancy the style in which I was being addressed.
"Pooh! Do you expect me to pay any attention to that?"
"You had better, Duncan. If you don't you may get into trouble."
"I suppose you intend to tell the widow what I've done."
"I certainly shall; unless you do as I've told you to."
Duncan bit his lip. "How do you know but what the widow said I could have the pears?" he ventured.
"If she did, it's all right," I returned, astonished, not so much over the fact that Widow Canby had granted the permission, as that such a high-toned young gentleman as Duncan Woodward should desire that privilege.
"You've no business to jump at conclusions," he added sharply.
"If I judged you wrongly, I beg your pardon, Duncan. I'll speak to the widow about it."
I began to move off toward the house. Duncan hurried after me and caught me by the arm.
"You fool you, what do you mean?" he demanded.
"I'm going to find out if you are telling the truth."
"Isn't my word enough?"
"It will do no harm to ask," I replied evasively, not caring to pick a quarrel, and yet morally sure that he was prevaricating.
"So you think I'm telling you a falsehood? I've a good mind to give you a sound drubbing," he cried angrily.
Duncan Woodward had many of the traits of a bully about him. He was the only son of a widower who nearly idolized him, and, lacking a mother's guiding influence, he had grown up wayward in the extreme.
He was a tall, well-built fellow, strong from constant athletic exercise, and given, on this account, to having his way among his associates.
Yet I was not afraid of him. Indeed, to tell the truth, I was not afraid of any one. For eight years I had been shoved in life from pillar to post, until now threats had no terrors for me.
Both of my parents were dead to me. My mother died when I was but five years old. She was of a delicate nature, and, strange as it may seem, I am inclined to believe that it was for the best that her death occurred when it did. The reason I believe this is, because she was thus spared the disgrace that came upon our family several years later.
At her death my father was employed as head clerk by the firm of Holland & Mack, wholesale provision merchants of Newville, a thriving city which was but a few miles from Darbyville, a pretty village located on the Pass River.
We occupied a handsome house in the centre of the village.
Our family, besides my parents and myself, contained but one other member—my sister Kate, who was several years my senior.
When our beloved mother died, Kate took the management of our home upon her shoulders, and as she had learned, during my mother's long illness, how everything should be done, our domestic affairs ran smoothly.
All this time I attended the Darbyville school, and was laying the foundation for a commercial education, intending at some later day to follow in the footsteps of my father.
Two years passed, and then my father's manner changed.
From being bright and cheerful toward us he became moody and silent. What the cause was I could not guess, and it did not help matters to be told by Duncan Woodward, whose father was also employed by Holland & Mack, that "some folks would soon learn what was what, and no mistake."
At length the thunderbolt fell. Returning from school one day, I found Kate in tears.
"Oh, Roger!" she burst out. "They say father has stolen money from Holland & Mack, and they have just arrested him for a thief!"
The blow was a terrible one. I was but a boy of fourteen, and the news completely bewildered me. I put on my cap, and together with Kate, took the first horse car to Newville to find out what it all meant.
We found my father in jail, where he had been placed to await the action of the grand jury. It was with difficulty that we obtained permission to see him, and ascertained the facts of the case.
The charge against him was for raising money upon forged cheeks, eight in number, the total amount being nearly twelve thousand dollars.
The name of the firm had been forged, and the money collected in New York and Brooklyn. I was not old enough to understand the particulars.
My father protested his innocence, but it was of no avail.
The forgery was declared to be his work, and, though it was said that he must have had an accomplice to obtain the money, he was adjudged the guilty party.
"Ten years in the State's prison." That was the penalty.
My father grew deadly white, while as for me, my very heart seemed to stop beating. Kate fainted, and two days later the doctor announced that she had an attack of brain fever.
Two months dragged slowly by. Then my sister was declared to be out of danger. Next the house was sold over our heads, and we were turned out upon the world, branded as the children of a thief, to get a living as best we could.
Both of us would willingly have left Darbyville, but where should we go? The only relation we had was an uncle,—Captain Enos Moss,—and he was on an extended trip to South America, and when he would return no one knew.
All the friends we had had before deserted us. The girls "turned up their noses" at Kate,—which made my blood boil,—and the boys fought shy of me.
I tried to find work, but without success. Even in places where help was wanted excuses were made to me


. "Has this PNG viewer got an alpha knob?" Software may be described as having "knobs and switches" or occasionally "knobs and lights".
Node:Knuth, Next:koan, Previous:knobs, Up:= K = Knuth /ka-nooth'/ n.
[Donald E. Knuth's "The Art of Computer Programming"] Mythically, the reference that answers all questions about data structures or algorithms. A safe answer when you do not know: "I think you can find that in Knuth." Contrast the literature. See also bible. There is a Donald Knuth home page at _URL_
Node:koan, Next:kremvax, Previous:Knuth, Up:= K = koan /koh'an/ n. A Zen teaching riddle. Classically, koans are attractive paradoxes to be meditated on; their purpose is to help one to enlightenment by temporarily jamming normal cognitive processing so that something more interesting can happen (this practice is associated with Rinzei Zen Buddhism). Hackers are very fond of the koan form and compose their own koans for humororous and/or enlightening effect. See Some AI Koans, has the X nature, hacker humor.
Node:kremvax, Next:kyrka, Previous:koan, Up:= K = kremvax /krem-vaks/ n.
[from the then large number of Usenet VAXen with names of the form foovax] Originally, a fictitious Usenet site at the Kremlin, announced on April 1, 1984 in a posting ostensibly originated there by Soviet leader Konstantin Chernenko. The posting was actually forged by Piet Beertema as an April Fool's joke. Other fictitious sites mentioned in the hoax were moskvax and kgbvax. This was probably the funniest of the many April Fool's forgeries perpetrated on Usenet (which has negligible security against them), because the notion that Usenet might ever penetrate the Iron Curtain seemed so totally absurd at the time.
In fact, it was only six years later that the first genuine site in Moscow, demos.su, joined Usenet. Some readers needed convincing that the postings from it weren't just another prank. Vadim Antonov, senior programmer at Demos and the major poster from there up to mid-1991, was quite aware of all this, referred to it frequently in his own postings, and at one point twitted some credulous readers by blandly asserting that he was a hoax!
Eventually he even arranged to have the domain's gateway site named kremvax, thus neatly turning fiction into fact and demonstrating that the hackish sense of humor transcends cultural barriers. [Mr. Antonov also contributed the Russian-language material for this lexicon. --ESR] In an even more ironic historical footnote, kremvax became an electronic center of the anti-communist resistance during the bungled hard-line coup of August 1991. During those three days the Soviet UUCP network centered on kremvax became the only trustworthy news source for many places within the USSR. Though the sysops were concentrating on internal communications, cross-border postings included immediate transliterations of Boris Yeltsin's decrees condemning the coup and eyewitness reports of the demonstrations in Moscow's streets.
In those hours, years of speculation that totalitarianism would prove unable to maintain its grip on politically-loaded information in the age of computer networking were proved devastatingly accurate -- and the original kremvax joke became a reality as Yeltsin and the new Russian revolutionaries of 'glasnost' and 'perestroika' made kremvax one of the timeliest means of their outreach to the West.
Node:kyrka, Next:lace card, Previous:kremvax, Up:= K = kyrka /chur'ka/ n.
[Swedish] See feature key.
Node:= L =, Next:= M =, Previous:= K =, Up:The Jargon Lexicon = L = lace card: lag: lamer: language lawyer: languages of choice: LART: larval stage: lase: laser chicken: lasherism: laundromat: LDB: leaf site: leak: leaky heap: leapfrog attack: leech: leech mode: legal: legalese: LER: LERP: let the smoke out: letterbomb: lexer: lexiphage: life: Life is hard: light pipe: lightweight: like kicking dead whales down the beach: like nailing jelly to a tree: line 666: line eater the: line noise: line starve: linearithmic: link farm: link rot: link-dead: lint: Lintel: Linus: Linux: lion food: Lions Book: LISP: list-bomb: lithium lick: little-endian: live: live data: Live Free Or Die!: livelock: liveware: lobotomy: locals the: locked and loaded: locked up: logic bomb: logical: loop through: loose bytes: lord high fixer: lose: lose lose: loser: losing: loss: lossage: lost in the noise: lost in the underflow: lots of MIPS but no I/O: low-bandwidth: LPT: Lubarsky's Law of Cybernetic Entomology: Lumber Cartel: lunatic fringe: lurker: luser: Node:lace card, Next:lag, Previous:kyrka, Up:= L = lace card n. obs.
A punched card with all holes punched (also called a 'whoopee card' or 'ventilator card'). Card readers tended to jam when they got to one of these, as the resulting card had too little structural strength to avoid buckling inside the mechanism. Card punches could also jam trying to produce these things owing to power-supply problems. When some practical joker fed a lace card through the reader, you needed to clear the jam with a 'card knife' -- which you used on the joker first.
Node:lag, Next:lamer, Previous:lace card, Up:= L = lag n.
[MUD, IRC; very common] When used without qualification this is synomous with netlag. Curiously, people will often complain "I'm really lagged" when in fact it is their server or network connection that is lagging.
Node:lamer, Next:language lawyer, Previous:lag, Up:= L = lamer n.
[prob. originated in skateboarder slang] 1. Synonym for luser, not used much by hackers but common among warez d00dz, crackers, and phreakers. A person who downloads much, but who never uploads. (Also known as 'leecher').
Oppose elite. Has the same connotations of self-conscious elitism that use of luser does among hackers. 2. Someone who tries to crack a BBS. 3. Someone who annoys the sysop or other BBS users - for instance, by posting lots of silly messages, uploading virus-ridden software, frequently dropping carrier, etc.
Crackers also use it to refer to cracker wannabees. In phreak culture, a lamer is one who scams codes off others rather than doing cracks or really understanding the fundamental concepts. In warez d00dz culture, where the ability to wave around cracked commercial software within days of (or before) release to the commercial market is much esteemed, the lamer might try to upload garbage or shareware or something incredibly old (old in this context is read as a few years to anything older than 3 days).
'Lamer' is also much used in the IRC world in a similar sense to the above.
Node:language lawyer, Next:languages of choice, Previous:lamer, Up:= L = language lawyer n. A person, usually an experienced or senior software engineer, who is intimately familiar with many or most of the numerous restrictions and features (both useful and esoteric) applicable to one or more computer programming languages. A language lawyer is distinguished by the ability to show you the five sentences scattered through a 200-plus-page manual that together imply the


ink color, -- whence the name.

 E'o*zo"ic (?), a. [See Eozoön.] (Geol.) Of or pertaining to rocks or strata older than the Paleozoic, in many of which the eozoön has been found.

 This term has been proposed for the strata formerly called Azoic, and is preferred especially by those geologists who regard the eozoön as of organic origin. See Archæan.

 ||E'o*zo"ön (?), n.; pl. Eozoöns (#), L. Eozoa (#). [NL., fr. Gr. 'hw's dawn + zw^,on an animal.] (Paleon.) A peculiar structure found in the Archæan limestones of Canada and other regions. By some geologists it is believed to be a species of gigantic Foraminifera, but others consider it a concretion, without organic structure.

 E'o*zo"ön*al ('*z"n*al), a. (Paleon.) Pertaining to the eozoön; containing eozoöns; as, eozoönal limestone.

 Ep- (p-). [Gr. 'epi'.] See Epi-.

 ||Ep"a*cris (p"*krs), n. [NL., from Gr. 'e'pakros pointed at the end. So called in allusion to the sharply pointed leaves.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubs, natives of Australia, New Zealand, etc., having pretty white, red, or purple blossoms, and much resembling heaths.

 E"pact ("pkt), n. [F. épacte, fr. Gr. 'epakto's brought on or in, added, fr. 'epa'gein to bring on or in; 'epi' on, in + 'a'gein to bring or lead. See Epi-, and Act.] (Chron.) The moon's age at the beginning of the calendar year, or the number of days by which the last new moon has preceded the beginning of the year.

Annual epact, the excess of the solar year over the lunar year, -- being eleven days. -- Menstrual epact, or Monthly epact, the excess of a calendar month over a lunar.

 Ep'a*go"ge (?), n. [L., from Gr. 'epagwgh' a bringing in, fr.
 'epa'gein. See Epact.] (Logic) The adducing of particular examples so as to lead to a universal conclusion; the argument by induction.

 Ep'a*gog"ic (?), a. Inductive. Latham.
 E*pal"ate (?), a. [Pref. e- + palpus.] (Zoöl.)
 Without palpi.

 ||Ep*an'a*di*plo"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; 'epi' + &?; to make double.] (Rhet.) A figure by which the same word is used both at the beginning and at the end of a sentence; as, "Rejoice in the Lord always: and again I say, Rejoice." Phil. iv. 4.
 ||Ep*an'a*lep"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; 'epi' + &?; to take up.] (Rhet.) A figure by which the same word or clause is repeated after intervening matter. Gibbs.
 ||Ep'a*naph"o*ra (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; a recurrence; 'epi' + &?; to bring or carry back.] (Rhet.) Same as Anaphora. Gibbs.
 ||Ep'a*nas"tro*phe (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; a return, epanastrophe; 'epi' + &?; to return.] (Rhet.) Same as Anadiplosis. Gibbs.
 ||E*pan"o*dos (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; a rising, return; 'epi' + &?; a way up, rising; &?; up + &?; way.] (Rhet.) A figure of speech in which the parts of a sentence or clause are repeated in inverse order, as in the following: -- O more exceeding love, or law more just? Just law, indeed, but more exceeding love!

Milton.
 E*pan"o*dy (?), n. [See Epanodos.] (Bot.) The abnormal change of an irregular flower to a regular form; -- considered by evolutionists to be a reversion to an ancestral condition.

 ||Ep'an*or*tho"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; 'epi' + &?; to set right again; &?; again + &?; to set straight.] A figure by which a speaker recalls a word or words, in order to substitute something else stronger or more significant; as, Most brave! Brave, did I say? most heroic act!

 Ep*an"thous (?), a. [Pref. ep- + Gr. 'a'nqos flower.] (Bot.)
 Growing upon flowers; -- said of certain species of fungi.

 Ep"arch (?), n. [Gr. &?;; 'epi' over + &?; chief, &?; supreme power, dominion.] In ancient Greece, the governor or perfect of a province; in modern Greece, the ruler of an eparchy.

 Ep"arch*y (?), n. [Gr. &?; the post or office of an &?;.] A province, prefecture, or territory, under the jurisdiction of an eparch or governor; esp., in modern Greece, one of the larger subdivisions of a monarchy or province of the kingdom; in Russia, a diocese or archdiocese.

 Ep'ar*te"ri*al (?), a. [Pref. ep- + arterial.] (Anat.)
 Situated upon or above an artery; -- applied esp. to the branches of the bronchi given off above the point where the pulmonary artery crosses the bronchus.

 E*paule" (?), n. [F. épaule shoulder, shoulder of a bastion. See Epaulet, and cf. Spall the shoulder.] (Fort.) The shoulder of a bastion, or the place where its face and flank meet and form the angle, called the angle of the shoulder.

 E*paule"ment (?), n. [F. épaulement.] (Fort.)
 A side work, made of gabions, fascines, or bags, filled with earth, or of earth heaped up, to afford cover from the flanking fire of an enemy.

 { Ep"au*let', Ep"au*lette'} (?), n. [F. épaulette, dim. of épaule shoulder, fr. L. spatula a broad piece (LL., shoulder), dim. of spatha abroad, flat instrument, fr. Gr.
 &?;, also, a broad rib, shoulder blade. See Spade the instrument, and cf. Epaule, Spatula.] (Mil.) A shoulder ornament or badge worn by military and naval officers, differences of rank being marked by some peculiar form or device, as a star, eagle, etc.; a shoulder knot.

 In the United States service the epaulet is reserved for full dress uniform. Its use was abolished in the British army in 1855.

 { Ep"au*let'ed, Ep"au*let'ted, } a. Wearing epaulets; decorated with epaulets.

 Ep*ax"i*al (?), a. [Pref. ep- + axial.] (Anat.)
 Above, or on the dorsal side of, the axis of the skeleton; episkeletal.

 ||E*pei"ra (?), n. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A genus of spiders, including the common garden spider (E. diadema). They spin


The Project Gutenberg eBook of Letters written during a short residence in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, by Mary Wollstonecraft This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at _URL_. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.
Title: Letters written during a short residence in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark Author: Mary Wollstonecraft Editor: Henry Morley Release Date: December 30, 2007 [eBook #3529] [Most recently updated: June 5, 2022] Language: English Character set encoding: UTF-8 Transcribed from the 1889 Cassell & Company edition by David Price, email _EMAIL_ *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LETTERS WRITTEN DURING A SHORT RESIDENCE IN SWEDEN, NORWAY, AND DENMARK *** cassell's national library.
LETTERS written during a short residence in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark by MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT.
CASSELL & COMPANY, Limited: london, paris, new york & melbourne.
1889.
INTRODUCTION.
Mary Wollstonecraft was born on the 27th of April, 1759.
Her father—a quick-tempered and unsettled man, capable of beating wife, or child, or dog—was the son of a manufacturer who made money in Spitalfields, when Spitalfields was prosperous. Her mother was a rigorous Irishwoman, of the Dixons of Ballyshannon. Edward John Wollstonecraft—of whose children, besides Mary, the second child, three sons and two daughters lived to be men and women—in course of time got rid of about ten thousand pounds, which had been left him by his father. He began to get rid of it by farming. Mary Wollstonecraft's first-remembered home was in a farm at Epping. When she was five years old the family moved to another farm, by the Chelmsford Road. When she was between six and seven years old they moved again, to the neighbourhood of Barking.
There they remained three years before the next move, which was to a farm near Beverley, in Yorkshire. In Yorkshire they remained six years, and Mary Wollstonecraft had there what education fell to her lot between the ages of ten and sixteen. Edward John Wollstonecraft then gave up farming to venture upon a commercial speculation. This caused him to live for a year and a half at Queen's Row, Hoxton.
His daughter Mary was then sixteen; and while at Hoxton she had her education advanced by the friendly care of a deformed clergyman—a Mr. Clare—who lived next door, and stayed so much at home that his one pair of shoes had lasted him for fourteen years.
But Mary Wollstonecraft's chief friend at this time was an accomplished girl only two years older than herself, who maintained her father, mother, and family by skill in drawing. Her name was Frances Blood, and she especially, by her example and direct instruction, drew out her young friend's powers. In 1776, Mary Wollstonecraft's father, a rolling stone, rolled into Wales. Again he was a farmer. Next year again he was a Londoner; and Mary had influence enough to persuade him to choose a house at Walworth, where she would be near to her friend Fanny. Then, however, the conditions of her home life caused her to be often on the point of going away to earn a living for herself. In 1778, when she was nineteen, Mary Wollstonecraft did leave home, to take a situation as companion with a rich tradesman's widow at Bath, of whom it was said that none of her companions could stay with her. Mary Wollstonecraft, nevertheless, stayed two years with the difficult widow, and made herself respected. Her mother's failing health then caused Mary to return to her. The father was then living at Enfield, and trying to save the small remainder of his means by not venturing upon any business at all. The mother died after long suffering, wholly dependent on her daughter Mary's constant care. The mother's last words were often quoted by Mary Wollstonecraft in her own last years of distress—"A little patience, and all will be over." After the mother's death, Mary Wollstonecraft left home again, to live with her friend, Fanny Blood, who was at Walham Green. In 1782 she went to nurse a married sister through a dangerous illness. The father's need of support next pressed upon her. He had spent not only his own money, but also the little that had been specially reserved for his children. It is said to be the privilege of a passionate man that he always gets what he wants; he gets to be avoided, and they never find a convenient corner of their own who shut themselves out from the kindly fellowship of life.
In 1783 Mary Wollstonecraft—aged twenty-four—with two of her sisters, joined Fanny Blood in setting up a day school at Islington, which was removed in a few months to Newington Green. Early in 1785 Fanny Blood, far gone in consumption, sailed for Lisbon to marry an Irish surgeon who was settled there. After her marriage it was evident that she had but a few months to live; Mary Wollstonecraft, deaf to all opposing counsel, then left her school, and, with help of money from a friendly woman, she went out to nurse her, and was by her when she died. Mary Wollstonecraft remembered her loss ten years afterwards in these "Letters from Sweden and Norway," when she wrote: "The grave has closed over a dear friend, the friend of my youth; still she is present with me, and I hear her soft voice warbling as I stray over the heath." Mary Wollstonecraft left Lisbon for England late in December, 1785. When she came back she found Fanny's poor parents anxious to go back to Ireland; and as she had been often told that she could earn by writing, she wrote a pamphlet of 162 small pages—"Thoughts on the Education of Daughters"—and got ten pounds for it. This she gave to her friend's parents to enable them to go back to their kindred. In all she did there is clear evidence of an ardent, generous, impulsive nature. One day her friend Fanny Blood had repined at the unhappy surroundings in the home she was maintaining for her father and mother, and longed for a little home of her own to do her work in. Her friend quietly found rooms, got furniture together, and told her that her little home was ready; she had only to walk into it.
Then it seemed strange to Mary Wollstonecraft that Fanny Blood was withheld by thoughts that had not been uppermost in the mood of complaint. She thought her friend irresolute, where she had herself been generously rash. Her end would have been happier had she been helped, as many are, by that calm influence of home in which some knowledge of the world passes from father and mother to son and daughter, without visible teaching and preaching, in easiest companionship of young and old from day to day.
The little payment for her pamphlet on the "Education of Daughters" caused Mary Wollstonecraft to think more seriously of earning by her pen. The pamphlet seems also to have advanced her credit as a teacher. After giving up her day school, she spent some weeks at Eton with the Rev. Mr. Prior, one of the masters there, who recommended her as governess to the daughters of Lord Kingsborough, an Irish viscount, eldest son of the Earl of Kingston. Her way of teaching was by winning love, and she obtained the warm affection of the eldest of her pupils, who became afterwards


, ham, onions, basil, salt, oil, garlic, spices.

 Broil three tomatoes, skin them and mix them with a tablespoonful of chopped ham, half an onion, salt, a dessert-spoonful of oil, a little pounded spice and basil. Then boil and pass through a sieve. Whilst the sauce is boiling, put in a clove of garlic with a cut, but remove it before you pass the sauce through the sieve.

 No. 10. Tomato Sauce Piquante Ingredients: Ham, butter, onion, carrot, celery, bay leaf, thyme, cloves, peppercorns, vinegar, Chablis, stock, tomatoes, Velute or Espagnole sauce, castor sugar, lemon.

 Cut up an ounce of ham, half an onion, half a carrot, half a stick of celery very fine, and fry them in butter together with a bay leaf, a sprig of thyme, one clove and four peppercorns. Over this pour a third of a cup of vinegar, and when the liquid is all absorbed, add half a glass of Chablis and a cup of stock. Then add six tomatoes cut up and strained of all their liquid. Cook this in a covered stewpan and pass it through a sieve, but see that none of the bay leaf or thyme goes through. Mix this sauce with an equal quantity of Velute (No. 2) or Espagnole sauce, (No.
 1), let it boil and pass through a sieve again and at the last add a teaspoonful of castor sugar, the juice of half a lemon, and an ounce of fresh butter. (Another tomato sauce may be made like this, but use stock instead of vinegar and leave out the lemon juice and sugar.)

 No. 11. Mushroom Sauce Ingredients: Velute sauce, essence of mushrooms, butter.

 Mix two dessert-spoonsful of essence of mushrooms with a cupful of Velute sauce (No. 2), reduce, keep on stirring, and just before serving add an ounce of butter. This sauce can be made with essence of truffle, or game, or shallot.

 No. 12. Neapolitan Sauce Ingredients: Onions, ham, butter, Marsala, blond of veal, thyme, bay leaf, peppercorns, cloves, mushrooms, Espagnole sauce (No. 1), tomato sauce, game stock or essence.

 Fry an onion in butter with some bits of cut-up ham, then pour a glass of Marsala over it, and another of blond of veal, add a sprig of thyme, a bay leaf, four peppercorns, a clove, a tablespoonful of mushroom cuttings, and reduce half. In another saucepan put two cups of Espagnole sauce, one cupful of tomato sauce, and half a cup of game stock or essence. Reduce a third, and add the contents of the first saucepan, boil the sauce a few minutes, and pass it through a sieve. Warm it up in a bain-marie before using.

 No. 13. Neapolitan Anchovy Sauce Ingredients: Anchovies, fennel, flour, spices, parsley, marjoram, garlic, lemon juice, vinegar, cream.

 Wash three anchovies in vinegar, bone and pound them in a mortar with a teaspoonful of chopped fennel and a pinch of cinnamon. Then mix in a teaspoonful of chopped parsley and marjoram, a squeeze of lemon juice, a teaspoonful of flour, half a gill of boiled cream and the bones of the fish for which you will use this sauce. Pass through a sieve, add a clove of garlic with a cut in it, and boil. If the fish you are using is cooked in the oven, add a little of the liquor in which it has been cooked to the sauce. Take out the garlic before serving. Instead of anchovies you may use caviar, pickled tunny, or any other pickled fish.

 No. 14. Roman Sauce (Salsa Agro-dolce) Ingredients: Espagnole sauce, stock, burnt sugar, vinegar, raisins, pine nuts or almonds.

 Mix two spoonsful of burnt sugar with one of vinegar, and dilute with a little good stock. Then add two cups of Espagnole sauce (No. 1), a few stoned raisins, and a few pinocchi* (pine nuts) or shredded almonds. Keep this hot in a bain-marie, and serve with cutlets, calf's head or feet or tongue.

 *The pinocchi which Italians use instead of almonds can be bought in London when in season.

 No. 15. Roman Sauce (another way) Ingredients: Espagnole sauce, an onion, butter, flour, lemon, herbs, nutmeg, raisins, pine nuts or almonds, burnt sugar.

 Cut up a small bit of onion, fry it slightly in butter and a little flour, add the juice of a lemon and a little of the peel grated, a bouquet of herbs, a pinch of nutmeg, a few stoned raisins, shredded almonds or pinocchi, and a tablespoonful of burnt sugar. Add this to a good Espagnole (No. 1), and warm it up in a bain-marie.

 No. 16. Supreme Sauce Ingredients: White sauce, fowl stock, butter.

 Put three-quarters of a pint of white sauce into a saucepan, and when it is nearly boiling add half a cup of concentrated fowl stock. Reduce until the sauce is quite thick, and when about to serve pass it through a tamis into a bain-marie and add two tablespoonsful of cream.

 No. 17. Pasta marinate (For masking Italian Frys) Ingredients: Semolina flour, eggs, salt, butter (or olive oil), vinegar, water.

 Mix the following ingredients well together: two ounces of semolina flour, the yolks of two eggs, a little salt, and two ounces of melted butter. Add a glass of water so as to form a liquid substance. At the last add the whites of two eggs beaten up to a snow. This will make a good paste for masking meat, fish, vegetables, or sweets which are to be fried in the Italian manner, but if for meat or vegetables add a few drops of vinegar or a little lemon juice.

 No. 18. White Villeroy Ingredients: Butter, flour, eggs, cream, nutmeg, white stock.

 Make a light-coloured roux by frying two ounces of butter and two ounces of flour, stir in some white stock and keep it very smooth. Let it boil, and add the yolks of three eggs, mixed with two tablespoonsful of cream and a pinch of nutmeg. Pass it through a sieve and use for masking cutlets, fish, &c. Soups No. 19. Clear Soup Ingredients: Stock meat, water, a bunch of herbs (thyme, parsley, chervil, bay leaf, basil, marjoram), three carrots, three turnips, three onions, three cloves stuck in the onions, one blade of mace.

 Cut up three pounds of stock meat small and put it in a stock pot with two quarts of cold water, three carrots, and three turnips cut up, three onions with a clove stuck in each one, a bunch of herbs and a blade of mace. Let it come to the boil and then draw it off, at once skim off all the scum, and keep it gently simmering, and occasionally add two or three tablespoonsful of cold water. Let it simmer all day, and then strain it through a fine cloth.

 Some of the liquor in which a calf's head has been cooked, or even a calf's foot, will greatly improve a clear soup.

 The stock should never be allowed to boil as long as the meat and vegetables are in the stock pot.

 No. 20. Zuppa Primaverile (Spring Soup) Ingredients: Clear soup, vegetables.

 Any fresh spring vegetables will do for this soup, but they must all be cooked separately and put into the soup at the last minute. It is best made with fresh peas,


2. (Zoöl.) A small dog of the spaniel kind, used for starting up woodcocks, etc.

 Cock"er, n. [OE. coker qyiver, boot, AS. cocer quiver; akin to G. köcher quiver, and perh. originally meaning receptacle, holder. Cf. Quiver (for arrows).] A rustic high shoe or half-boots. [Obs.] Drayton.
 Cock"er*el (?), n. [Prob. a double dim. of cock.] A young cock.

 Cock"et (?), a. [F. coquet coquettish. See Coquette, n.]
 Pert; saucy. [Obs.] Halliwell.
 Cock"et, n. 1. (Eng. Law) A customhouse seal; a certified document given to a shipper as a warrant that his goods have been duly entered and have paid duty.

2. An office in a customhouse where goods intended for export are entered. [Eng.]

3. A measure for bread. [Obs.] Blount.
 Cock"eye' (?), n. [From cock to turn up.] A squinting eye.
 Forby.
 Cock"eye', n. (Mach.) The socket in the ball of a millstone, which sits on the cockhead.

 Cock"fight' (?), n. A match or contest of gamecocks.

 Cock"fight'ing, n. The act or practice of pitting gamecocks to fight.

 Cock"fight'ing, a. Addicted to cockfighting.

 Cock"head' (?), n. (Mach.) The rounded or pointed top of a grinding mill spindle, forming a pivot on which the stone is balanced.

 Cock"horse' (?), n. 1. A child's rocking-horse.

 Ride a cockhorse to Banbury cross. Mother Goose.
2. A high or tall horse. [R.]

 Cock"horse', a. 1. Lifted up, as one is on a tall horse.

2. Lofty in feeling; exultant; proud; upstart.

 Our painted fools and cockhorse peasantry. Marlowe.
 Cock'ie*leek"ie (?), n. Same as Cockaleekie.

 Cock"ing, n. Cockfighting. Ben Jonson.
 Coc"kle (kk"k'l), n. [OE. cockes cockles, AS. scoccas sea cockles, prob, from Celtic; cf. W. cocs cockles, Gael. cochull husk. Perh. influenced by F. coquille shell, a dim. from the root of E. conch. Cf. Coach.] 1. (Zoöl.) A bivalve mollusk, with radiating ribs, of the genus Cardium, especially C. edule, used in Europe for food; -- sometimes applied to similar shells of other genera.

2. A cockleshell.

3. The mineral black tourmaline or schorl; -- so called by the Cornish miners. Raymond.
4. The fire chamber of a furnace. [Eng.] Knight.
5. A hop-drying kiln; an oast. Knight.
6. The dome of a heating furnace. Knight.
Cockle hat, a hat ornamented with a cockleshell, the badge of a pilgrim. Shak. -- Cockle stairs, winding or spiral stairs.

 Coc"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cockled (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Cockling (?).] [Of uncertian origin.] To cause to contract into wrinkles or ridges, as some kinds of cloth after a wetting.

Cockling sea, waves dashing against each other with a short and quick motion. Ham. Nav. Encyc.
 Coc"kle, n. [AS. coccel, cocel; cf. Gael. cogall tares, husks, cockle.] (Bot.) (a) A plant or weed that grows among grain; the corn rose (Luchnis Githage). (b) The Lotium, or darnel.

 Coc"kle*bur' (?), n. (Bot.) A coarse, composite weed, having a rough or prickly fruit; one of several species of the genus Xanthium; -- called also clotbur.

 Coc"kled (?), a. Inclosed in a shell.

 The tender horns of cockled snails. Shak.
 Coc"kled, a. Wrinkled; puckered.

 Showers soon drench the camlet's cockled grain. Gay.
 Coc"kler (?), n. One who takes and sells cockles.

 Coc"kle*shell' (?), n. 1. One of the shells or valves of a cockle.

2. A light boat.

 To board the cockleshell in those plunding waters. W. Black.
 Cock"loft' (?; 115) n. [Prop., a loft where cocks roost.] An upper loft; a garret; the highest room in a building. Dryden. Swift.
 Cock"mas'ter (?), n. One who breeds gamecocks. L'Estrange.
 Cock"match' (?), n. A cockfight.

 Cock"ney (kk"n), n.; pl. Cockneys (- nz). [OE. cocknay, cokenay, a spoiled child, effeminate person, an egg; prob. orig. a cock's egg, a small imperfect egg; OE. cok cock + nay, neye, for ey egg (cf. Newt), AS. æg. See 1st Cock, Egg, n.]
 1. An effeminate person; a spoilt child. "A young heir or cockney, that is his mother's darling." Nash (1592).
 This great lubber, the world, will prove a cockney. Shak.
2. A native or resident of the city of London; -- used contemptuously.

 A cockney in a rural village was stared at as much as if he had entered a kraal of Hottentots. Macaulay.
 Cock"ney, a. Of or relating to, or like, cockneys.

 Cock"ney*dom (kk"n*dm), n. The region or home of cockneys; cockneys, collectively. Thackeray.
 Cock"ney*fy (-f), v. t. [Cockney + -fy.] To form with the manners or character of a cockney. [Colloq.]

 Cock"ney*ish, a. Characteristic of, or resembling, cockneys.

 Cock"ney*ism (kk"n*z'm), n. The characteristics, manners, or dialect, of a cockney.

 Cock"-pad'dle (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.) See Lumpfish. [Scot.]

 Cock"pit' (kk"pt), n. 1. A pit, or inclosed area, for cockfights.

 Henry the Eighth had built... a cockpit. Macaulay.
2. The Privy Council room at Westminster; -- so called because built on the site of the cockpit of Whitehall palace. Brande & C.
3. (Naut.) (a) That part of a war vessel appropriated to the wounded during an engagement. (b) In yachts and other small vessels, a space lower than the rest of the deck, which affords easy access to the cabin.

 Cock"roach (?), n. [Sp. cucaracha.] (Zoöl.) An orthopterous insect of the genus Blatta, and allied genera.

 The species are numerous, especially in hot countries. Those most commonly infesting houses in Europe and North America are Blatta orientalis, a large species often called black beetle, and the Croton bug (Ectobia Germanica).

 Cocks"comb' (kks"km'), n. [1st cock, n. + comb crest.] 1. See Coxcomb.

2. (Bot.) A plant (Celosia cristata), of many varieties, cultivated