. Deducted; p. pr.
 & vb. n. Deducting.] [L. deductus, p. p. of deducere to deduct. See Deduce.] 1. To lead forth or out. [Obs.]

 A people deducted out of the city of Philippos.

Udall.
2. To take away, separate, or remove, in numbering, estimating, or calculating; to subtract; -- often with from or out of.

Deduct what is but vanity, or dress.

Pope.
 Two and a half per cent should be deducted out of the pay of the foreign troops.

Bp. Burnet.
 We deduct from the computation of our years that part of our time which is spent in... infancy.

Norris.
3. To reduce; to diminish. [Obs.] "Do not deduct it to days." Massinger.
 De*duct"i*ble (?), a. 1. Capable of being deducted, taken away, or withdrawn.

 Not one found honestly deductible From any use that pleased him.

Mrs. Browning.
2. Deducible; consequential.

 De*duc"tion (?), n. [L. deductio: cf. F. déduction.]
 1. Act or process of deducing or inferring.

 The deduction of one language from another.

Johnson.
 This process, by which from two statements we deduce a third, is called deduction.

J. R. Seely.
2. Act of deducting or taking away; subtraction; as, the deduction of the subtrahend from the minuend.

3. That which is deduced or drawn from premises by a process of reasoning; an inference; a conclusion.

 Make fair deductions; see to what they mount.

Pope.
4. That which is deducted; the part taken away; abatement; as, a deduction from the yearly rent.

Syn. -- See Induction.

 De*duct"ive (?), a. [Cf. L. deductivus derivative.] Of or pertaining to deduction; capable of being deduced from premises; deducible.

 All knowledge of causes is deductive.

Glanvill.
 Notions and ideas... used in a deductive process.

Whewell.
 De*duct"ive*ly, adv. By deduction; by way of inference; by consequence. Sir T. Browne.
 ||De*duc"tor (?), n. [L., a guide. See Deduce.] (Zoöl.)
 The pilot whale or blackfish.

 De*duit" (?), n. [F. déduit. Cf. Deduct.] Delight; pleasure. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 De*du'pli*ca"tion (?), n. [Pref. de- + duplication.]
 (Biol.) The division of that which is morphologically one organ into two or more, as the division of an organ of a plant into a pair or cluster.

 Deed (?), a. Dead. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Deed, n. [AS. d&?;d; akin to OS. dd, D. & Dan. daad, G. thai, Sw. dåd, Goth. d&?;ds; fr. the root of do. See Do, v. t.] 1. That which is done or effected by a responsible agent; an act; an action; a thing done; -- a word of extensive application, including, whatever is done, good or bad, great or small.

 And Joseph said to them, What deed is this which ye have done?

Gen. xliv. 15.
 We receive the due reward of our deeds.

Luke xxiii. 41.
 Would serve his kind in deed and word.

Tennyson.
2. Illustrious act; achievement; exploit. "Knightly deeds."
 Spenser.
 Whose deeds some nobler poem shall adorn.

Dryden.
3. Power of action; agency; efficiency. [Obs.]

 To be, both will and deed, created free.

Milton.
4. Fact; reality; -- whence we have indeed.

5. (Law) A sealed instrument in writing, on paper or parchment, duly executed and delivered, containing some transfer, bargain, or contract.

 The term is generally applied to conveyances of real estate, and it is the prevailing doctrine that a deed must be signed as well as sealed, though at common law signing was formerly not necessary.

Blank deed, a printed form containing the customary legal phraseology, with blank spaces for writing in names, dates, boundaries, etc.

6. Performance; -- followed by of. [Obs.] Shak.
In deed, in fact; in truth; verily. See Indeed.

 Deed, v. t. To convey or transfer by deed; as, he deeded all his estate to his eldest son. [Colloq. U. S.]

 Deed"ful (?), a. Full of deeds or exploits; active; stirring. [R.]
 "A deedful life." Tennyson.
 Deed"less, a. Not performing, or not having performed, deeds or exploits; inactive.

Deedless in his tongue.

Shak.
 Deed" poll' (?). (Law) A deed of one part, or executed by only one party, and distinguished from an indenture by having the edge of the parchment or paper cut even, or polled as it was anciently termed, instead of being indented. Burrill.
 Deed"y (?), a. Industrious; active. [R.] Cowper.
 Deem (dm), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deemed (dmd); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Deeming.] [OE. demen to judge, condemn, AS. dman, fr. dm doom; akin to OFries. dma, OS. admian, D. doemen, OHG. tuommen, Icel. dæma, Sw. dömma, Dan.
 dömme, Goth. dmjan. See Doom, n., and cf. Doom, v.] 1. To decide; to judge; to sentence; to condemn. [Obs.]

 Claudius... Was demed for to hang upon a tree.

Chaucer.
2. To account; to esteem; to think; to judge; to hold in opinion; to regard.

 For never can I deem him less him less than god.

Dryden.
 Deem, v. i. 1. To be of opinion; to think; to estimate; to opine; to suppose.

 And deemest thou as those who pore, With aged eyes, short way before?

Emerson.
2. To pass judgment. [Obs.] Spenser.
 Deem, n. Opinion; judgment. [Obs.] Shak.
 Deem"ster (dm"str), n. [Deem + -ster; i. e., doomster. Cf. Dempster.] A judge in the Isle of Man who decides controversies without process. Cowell.
 Deep (dp), a. [Compar. Deeper (?); superl. Deepest (?).] [OE. dep, deop, AS. deóp; akin to D. diep, G. tief, Icel. djpr, Sw. diup, Dan. dyb, Goth.
 diups; fr. the root of E. dip, dive. See Dip, Dive.]
 1. Extending far below the surface; of great perpendicular dimension (measured from the surface downward, and distinguished from high, which is measured upward); far to the bottom; having a certain depth; as, a deep sea.

 The water where the brook is deep.

Shak.
2. Extending far back from the front or outer part; of great horizontal dimension (measured backward from the front or nearer part, mouth, etc.); as, a deep cave or recess or wound; a gallery ten seats deep; a company of soldiers six files deep


of the atmosphere balanced a column of mercury 30 inches high, it followed that if one could find the weight of the mercury column one would also find the weight of a column of air standing on a base of the same size, and stretching away indefinitely into space. It was found that a column of mercury in a tube having a sectional area of 1 square inch, and a height of 30 inches, weighed 15 pounds; therefore the weight of the atmosphere, or air pressure, at sea-level is about 15 pounds to the square inch. The ordinary mercury barometer is essentially a Torricellian tube graduated so that the varying heights of the mercury column can be used as a measure of the varying atmospheric pressure due to change of weather or due to alteration of altitude. If we take a mercury barometer up a hill we will observe that the mercury falls. The weight of atmosphere being less as we ascend, the column of mercury supported becomes smaller.

 Although the atmosphere has been proved to be over 200 miles high, it has by no means the same density throughout. Like all gases, air is subject to the law that the density increases directly as the pressure, and thus the densest and heaviest layers are those nearest the sea-level, because the air near the earth's surface has to support the pressure of all the air above it. As airmen rise into the highest portions of the atmosphere the height of the column of air above them decreases, and it follows that, having a shorter column of air to support, those portions are less dense than those lower down. So rare does the atmosphere become, when great altitudes are reached, that at a height of seven miles breathing is well-nigh impossible, and at far lower altitudes than this airmen have to be supported by inhalations of oxygen.

 One of the greatest altitudes was reached by two famous balloonists, Messrs. Coxwell and Glaisher. They were over seven miles in the air when the latter fell unconscious, and the plucky aeronauts were only saved by Mr. Coxwell pulling the valve line with his teeth, as all his limbs were disabled.

 CHAPTER XLI. How an Airman Knows what Height he Reaches One of the first questions the visitor to an aerodrome, when watching the altitude tests, asks is: "How is it known that the airman has risen to a height of so many feet?" Does he guess at the distance he is above the earth?

 If this were so, then it is very evident that there would be great difficulty in awarding a prize to a number of competitors each trying to ascend higher than his rivals.

 No; the pilot does not guess at his flying height, but he finds it by a height-recording instrument called the BAROGRAPH.

 In the last chapter we saw how the ordinary mercurial barometer can be used to ascertain fairly accurately the height of mountains. But the airman does not take a mercurial barometer up with him. There is for his use another form of barometer much more suited to his purpose, namely, the barograph, which is really a development of the aneroid barometer.

 The aneroid barometer (Gr. a, not; neros, moist) is so called because it requires neither mercury, glycerine, water, nor any other liquid in its construction. It consists essentially of a small, flat, metallic box made of elastic metal, and from which the air has been partially exhausted. In the interior there is an ingenious arrangement of springs and levers, which respond to atmospheric pressure, and the depression or elevation of the surface is registered by an index on the dial. As the pressure of the atmosphere increases, the sides of the box are squeezed in by the weight of the air, while with a decrease of pressure they are pressed out again by the springs. By means of a suitable adjustment the pointer on the dial responds to these movements. It is moved in one direction for increase of air pressure, and in the opposite for decreased pressure. The positions of the figures on the dial are originally obtained by numerous comparisons with a standard mercurial barometer, and the scale is graduated to correspond with the mercurial barometer.

 From the illustration here given you will notice the pointer and scale of the "A. G" aero-barograph, which is used by many of our leading airmen, and which, as we have said, is a development of the aneroid barometer. The need of a self-registering scale to a pilot who is competing in an altitude test, or who is trying to establish a height record, is self-evident. He need not interfere with the instrument in the slightest; it records and tells its own story. There is in use a pocket barograph which weighs only 1 pound, and registers up to 4000 feet.

 It is claimed for the "A. G." barograph that it is the most precise instrument of its kind. Its advantages are that it is quite portable—it measures only 6 1/4 inches in length, 3 1/2 inches in width, and 2 1/2 inches in depth, with a total weight of only 14 pounds—and that it is exceptionally accurate and strong. Some idea of the labour involved in its construction may be gathered from the fact that this small and insignificant-looking instrument, fitted in its aluminium case, costs over L8.

 CHAPTER XLII. How an Airman finds his Way In the early days of aviation we frequently heard of an aviator losing his way, and being compelled to descend some miles from his required destination. There are on record various instances where airmen have lost their way when flying over the sea, and have drifted so far from land that they have been drowned. One of the most notable of such disasters was that which occurred to Mr. Hamel in 1914, when he was trying to cross the English Channel. It is presumed that this unfortunate pilot lost his bearings in a fog, and that an accident to his machine, or a shortage of petrol, caused him to fall in the sea.

 There are several reasons why air pilots go out of their course, even though they are supplied with most efficient compasses. One cause of misdirection is the prevalence of a strong side wind. Suppose, for example, an airman intended to fly from Harwich to Amsterdam. A glance at the map will show that the latter place is almost due east of Harwich. We will assume that when the pilot leaves Earth at Harwich the wind is blowing to the east; that is, behind his back.

 Now, however strong a wind may be, and in whatever direction it blows, it always appears to be blowing full in a pilot's face. Of course this is due to the fact that the rush of the machine through the air "makes a wind", as we say. Much the same sort of thing is experienced on a bicycle; when out cycling we very generally seem to have a "head" wind.

 Suppose during his journey a very strong side wind sprang up over the North Sea. The pilot would still keep steering his craft due east, and it must be remembered that when well out at sea there would be no familiar landmarks to guide him, so that he would have to rely solely on his compass. It is highly probable that he would not feel the change of wind at all, but it is even more probable that when land was ultimately reached he would be dozens of miles from his required landing-place.

 Quite recently Mr. Alexander Gross, the well-known maker of aviation instruments, who is even more famous for his excellent aviation maps, claims to have produced an anti-drift aero-compass, which has been specially designed for use on aeroplanes. The chief advantages of this compass are that the dial is absolutely steady; the needle is extremely sensitive and shows accurately the most minute change of course; the anti-drift arrangement checks the slightest deviation from the straight course; and it is fitted with a revolving sighting arrangement which is of great importance in the adjustment of the instrument.

 Before the airman leaves Earth he sets his compass to the course to be steered, and during the flight he has only to see that the two boldly-marked north points—on the dial and on the outer ring—coincide to know that he is keeping his course. The north points are luminous, so that they are clearly visible at night.

 It is quite possible that if some of our early aviators had carried such a highly-efficient compass as this


the production of weeds.

Woodward.
 She stints them in their meals.

Law.
2. To put an end to; to stop. [Obs.] Shak.
3. To assign a certain (i. e., limited) task to (a person), upon the performance of which one is excused from further labor for the day or for a certain time; to stent.

4. To serve successfully; to get with foal; -- said of mares.

 The majority of maiden mares will become stinted while at work.

J. H. Walsh.
 Stint, v. i. To stop; to cease. [Archaic] They can not stint till no thing be left.

Chaucer.
 And stint thou too, I pray thee.

Shak.
 The damsel stinted in her song.

Sir W. Scott.
 Stint, n. [Also written stent. See Stint, v. t.] 1.
 Limit; bound; restraint; extent.

 God has wrote upon no created thing the utmost stint of his power.

South.
2. Quantity or task assigned; proportion allotted.

 His old stint -- three thousand pounds a year.

Cowper.
 Stint"ance (?), n. Restraint; stoppage. [Obs.]

 Stint"ed*ness, n. The state of being stinted.

 Stint"er (?), n. One who, or that which, stints.

 Stint"less, a. Without stint or restraint.

 The stintlesstears of old Heraclitus.

Marston.
 Stipe (?), n. [L. stipes a stock, post, branch: cf. F. stipe.]
 (Bot.) (a) The stalk or petiole of a frond, as of a fern. (b) The stalk of a pistil. (c) The trunk of a tree. (d) The stem of a fungus or mushroom.

 Sti"pel (?), n. [See Stipule.] (Bot.) The stipule of a leaflet. Gray.
 Sti*pel"late (?), a. (Bot.) Having stipels.

 Sti"pend (?), n. [L. stipendium; stips, gen. stipis, a gift, donation, given in small coin + pendere to weigh or pay out.] Settled pay or compensation for services, whether paid daily, monthly, or annually.

 Sti"pend, v. t. To pay by settled wages. [R.]

 Sti*pen'di*a"ri*an (?), a. Acting from mercenary considerations; stipendiary. A. Seward.
 Sti*pen"di*a*ry (?), a. [L. stipendiarius: cf. F. stipendiaire.]
 Receiving wages, or salary; performing services for a stated price or compensation.

 His great stipendiary prelates came with troops of evil-appointed horseman not half full.

Knolles.
 Sti*pen"di*a*ry, n.; pl. Stipendiaries (&?;). One who receives a stipend.

 If thou art become A tyrant's vile stipendiary.

Glover.
 Sti*pen"di*ate (?), v. t. [L. stipendiatus, p. p. of stipendiari to receive pay.] To provide with a stipend, or salary; to support; to pay.
 Evelyn.
 It is good to endow colleges, and to found chairs, and to stipendiate professors.

I. Taylor.
 Sti"pend*less (st"pnd*ls), a. Having no stipend.

 ||Sti"pes (-pz), n.; pl. Stipites (#). [L., a stock.]
 (Zoöl.) (a) The second joint of a maxilla of an insect or a crustacean. (b) An eyestalk.

 Stip"i*tate (?), a. [NL. stipitatus, from L. stipes, gen. stipitis, a stock. See Stipe.] (Bot.) Supported by a stipe; elevated on a stipe, as the fronds of most ferns, or the pod of certain cruciferous plants.

 Stip"i*ti*form (?), a. [Stipes + -form.] (Bot.)
 Having the shape of a stalk; stalklike.

 Stip"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stippled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stippling (?).] [D. stippelen to make points, to spot, dot, from stippel, dim. of stip a dot, spot.] 1.
 To engrave by means of dots, in distinction from engraving in lines.

 The interlaying of small pieces can not altogether avoid a broken, stippled, spotty effect.

Milman.
2. To paint, as in water colors, by small, short touches which together produce an even or softly graded surface.

 { Stip"ple (?), Stip"pling (?), } n. (Engraving) A mode of execution which produces the effect by dots or small points instead of lines.

2. (Paint.) A mode of execution in which a flat or even tint is produced by many small touches.

 Stip"tic (?), a. & n. (Med.) See Styptic.

 ||Stip"u*la (?), n.; pl. E. Stipulas (#), L. Stipulæ (#). [L., a stalk, stem.] 1. (Bot.) A stipule.

2. (Zoöl.) A newly sprouted feather.

 { Stip'u*la"ceous (?), Stip"u*lar (?), } a. [Cf. F. stipulacé, stipulaire. See Stipula.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to stipules; resembling stipules; furnished with stipules; growing on stipules, or close to them; occupying the position of stipules; as, stipular glands and stipular tendrils.

 Stip"u*la*ry (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to stipules; stipular.

 Stip"u*late (?), a. (Bot.) Furnished with stipules; as, a stipulate leaf.

 Stip"u*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Stipulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stipulating.] [L. stipulatus, p. p. of stipulari to stipulate, fr. OL. stipulus firm, fast; probably akin to L. stipes a post. Cf. Stiff.] To make an agreement or covenant with any person or company to do or forbear anything; to bargain; to contract; to settle terms; as, certain princes stipulated to assist each other in resisting the armies of France.

 Stip'u*la"tion (?), n. [L. stipulatio: cf. F. stipulation.]
 1. The act of stipulating; a contracting or bargaining; an agreement.

2. That which is stipulated, or agreed upon; that which is definitely arranged or contracted; an agreement; a covenant; a contract or bargain; also, any particular article, item, or condition, in a mutual agreement; as, the stipulations of the allied powers to furnish each his contingent of troops.

3. (Law) A material article of an agreement; an undertaking in the nature of bail taken in the admiralty courts; a bargain. Bouvier.
 Wharton.
Syn. -- Agreement; contract; engagement. See Covenant.

 Stip'u*la"tion, n. [See Stipule.] (Bot.) The situation, arrangement, and structure of the stipules.

 Stip"u*la'tor (?), n. [L.] One who stipulates, contracts, or covenants.

 Stip"ule (?), n. [L. stipula a stalk, stem, straw: cf. F. stipule.
 Cf. Stubble.] (Bot.) An appendage at the base of petioles or leaves, usually somewhat resembling a small leaf in texture and appearance.

 Stip"uled (?), a. (Bot.) Furnished with stipules, or leafy appendages


correctly printed, paged, etc. [Eng.]

 Col'la*ti"tious (?), a. [L. collatitius. See Collation.]
 Brought together; contributed; done by contributions. [Obs.] Bailey.
 Col*la"tive (?), a. [L. collativus brought together. ]
 Passing or held by collation; -- said of livings of which the bishop and the patron are the same person.

 Col*la"tor (?), n. [L.] 1. One who collates manuscripts, books, etc. Addison.
2. (Eccl. Law) One who collates to a benefice.

3. One who confers any benefit. [Obs.] Feltham.
 Col*laud" (?), v. t. [L. collaudare; col- + laudare to praise.] To join in praising. [Obs.] Howell.
 Col"league (kl"lg), n. [F. collègue, L. collega one chosen at the same time with another, a partner in office; col- + legare to send or choose as deputy. See Legate.] A partner or associate in some civil or ecclesiastical office or employment. It is never used of partners in trade or manufactures.

Syn. -- Helper; assistant; coadjutor; ally; associate; companion; confederate.

 Col*league" (kl*lg"), v. t. & i. To unite or associate with another or with others. [R.] Shak.
 Col"league*ship, n. Partnership in office. Milton.
 Col*lect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Collected; p. pr.
 & vb. n. Collecting.] [L. collecrus, p. p. of collerige to bind together; col- + legere to gather: cf. OF. collecter.
 See Legend, and cf. Coil, v. t., Cull, v. t.] 1. To gather into one body or place; to assemble or bring together; to obtain by gathering.

 A band of men Collected choicely from each country. Shak.
 'Tis memory alone that enriches the mind, by preserving what our labor and industry daily collect. Watts.
2. To demand and obtain payment of, as an account, or other indebtedness; as, to collect taxes.

3. To infer from observed facts; to conclude from premises.
 [Archaic.] Shak.
 Which sequence, I conceive, is very ill collected. Locke.
To collect one's self, to recover from surprise, embarrassment, or fear; to regain selfcontrol.

Syn. -- To gather; assemble; congregate; muster; accumulate; garner; aggregate; amass; infer; deduce.

 Col*lect", v. i. 1. To assemble together; as, the people collected in a crowd; to accumulate; as, snow collects in banks.

2. To infer; to conclude. [Archaic] Whence some collect that the former word imports a plurality of persons. South.
 Col"lect, n. [LL. collecta, fr. L. collecta a collection in money; an assemblage, fr. collerige: cf. F. collecte.
 See Collect, v. t.] A short, comprehensive prayer, adapted to a particular day, occasion, or condition, and forming part of a liturgy.

 The noble poem on the massacres of Piedmont is strictly a collect in verse. Macaulay.
 ||Col'lec*ta"ne*a (?), n. pl. [Neut. pl. from L. collectaneus collected, fr. colligere. See Collect, v. t.] Passages selected from various authors, usually for purposes of instruction; miscellany; anthology.

 Col*lect"ed (?), a. 1. Gathered together.

2. Self-possessed; calm; composed.

 Col*lect"ed*ly, adv. Composedly; coolly.

 Col*lect"ed*ness, n. A collected state of the mind; self-possession.

 Col*lect"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being collected.

 Col*lec"tion (?), n. [L. collectio: cf. F. collection.]
 1. The act or process of collecting or of gathering; as, the collection of specimens.

2. That which is collected; as: (a) A gathering or assemblage of objects or of persons. "A collection of letters." Macaulay.
(b) A gathering of money for charitable or other purposes, as by passing a contribution box for freewill offerings. "The collection for the saints." 1 Cor. xvi. 1 (c) (Usually in pl.)
 That which is obtained in payment of demands. (d) An accumulation of any substance. "Collections of moisture." Whewell. "A purulent collection." Dunglison.
3. The act of inferring or concluding from premises or observed facts; also, that which is inferred. [Obs.]

 We may safely say thus, that wrong collections have been hitherto made out of those words by modern divines. Milton.
4. The jurisdiction of a collector of excise. [Eng.]

Syn. -- Gathering; assembly; assemblage; group; crowd; congregation; mass; heap; compilation.

 Col*lec"tion*al (-al), a. Of or pertaining to collecting.

 The first twenty-five [years] must have been wasted for collectional purposes. H. A. Merewether.
 Col*lect"ive (?), a. [L. collectivus: cf. F. collectif.]
 1. Formed by gathering or collecting; gathered into a mass, sum, or body; congregated or aggregated; as, the collective body of a nation. Bp.
 Hoadley.
2. Deducing consequences; reasoning; inferring. [Obs.] "Critical and collective reason." Sir T. Browne.
3. (Gram.) Expressing a collection or aggregate of individuals, by a singular form; as, a collective name or noun, like assembly, army, jury, etc.

4. Tending to collect; forming a collection.

 Local is his throne... to fix a point, A central point, collective of his sons. Young.
5. Having plurality of origin or authority; as, in diplomacy, a note signed by the representatives of several governments is called a collective note.

Collective fruit (Bot.), that which is formed from a mass of flowers, as the mulberry, pineapple, and the like; -- called also multiple fruit. Gray.
 Col*lect"ive, n. (Gram.) A collective noun or name.

 Col*lect"ive*ly, adv. In a mass, or body; in a collected state; in the aggregate; unitedly.

 Col*lect"ive*ness, n. A state of union; mass.

 Col*lect"iv*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. collectivisme.] (Polit.
 Econ.) The doctrine that land and capital should be owned by society collectively or as a whole; communism. W. G. Summer.
 Col*lect"iv*ist, n. [Cf. F. collectiviste.] An advocate of collectivism. -- a. Relating to, or characteristic of, collectivism.

 Col*lect"or (?), n. [LL. collector one who collects: cf. F.
 collecteur.] 1. One who collects things which are separate; esp., one who makes a business or practice of collecting works of art, objects in natural history, etc.; as, a collector of coins.

 I digress into Soho to explore a bookstall. Methinks I have been thirty years a collector. Lamb.
2. A compiler of books; one who collects scattered passages and puts them together in one book.

 Volumes without the collector's own reflections. Addison.
3. (Com.) An officer appointed and commissioned to collect and receive customs, duties, taxes, or toll.

 A great


hence its popular name.]

 5 (return) [ The site originally chosen lay too low, and from the outset danger of inundation was foreseen. A flood occurred in 1779, and in 1784 the mission was removed to higher ground. The present buildings date from 1825-26.]

 6 (return) [ The original adobe church was injured by earthquakes in 1806 and 1812. The present edifice was begun in 1815 and finished in 1820.]

 7 (return) [ The table given by the French traveler, De Mofras, in his authoritative Exploration du Territoire de L'Oregon, les Californies, etc., shows us that the distance between mission and mission nowhere exceeded nineteen leagues, and that it was often very much less.]


THE GILDED AGE THE GILDED AGE A Tale of Today By Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner 1873 Part 1. cover.jpg (118K) Frontpiece.jpg (96K) CONTENTS CHAPTER I. Squire Hawkins and His Tennessee Land—He Decides to Remove to Missouri CHAPTER II.
 He Meets With and Adopts the Boy Clay CHAPTER III Uncle Daniel's Apparition and PrayeR CHAPTER IV The Steamboat Explosion CHAPTER V Adoption of the Little Girl Laura—Arrival at Missouri—Reception by Colonel Beriah Sellers CHAPTER VI Trouble and Darkness in the Hawkins Family—Proposed Sale of the Tennessee Land CHAPTER VII Colonel Sellers at Home—His Wonderful Clock and Cure for Rheumatism CHAPTER VIII Colonel Sellers Makes Known His Magnificent Speculation Schemes and Astonishes Washington Hawkins CHAPTER IX Death of Judge Hawkins CHAPTER X Laura Hawkins Discovers a Mystery in Her Parentage and Grows Morbid Under the Village Gossip CHAPTER XI A Dinner with Col Sellers—Wonderful Effects of Raw Turnips CHAPTER XII Philip Sterling and Henry Brierly—Arrangements to Go West as Engineers CHAPTER XIII Rail—Road Contractors and Party Traveling—Philip and Harry form the Acquaintance of Col Sellers CHAPTER XIV Ruth Bolton and Her Parents CHAPTER XV Visitors of the Boltons—Mr Bigler "Sees the Legislature"—Ruth Bolton Commences Medical Studies CHAPTER XVI The Engineers Detained at St Louis—Off for Camp—Reception by Jeff CHAPTER XVII The Engineer Corps Arrive at Stone's Landing CHAPTER XVIII Laura and Her Marriage to Colonel Selby—Deserted and Returns to Hawkeye CHAPTER XIX Harry Brierly Infatuated With Laura and Proposes She Visit Washington CHAPTER XX Senator Abner Dilwortliy Visits Hawkeye—Addresses the People and Makes the Acquaintance of Laura 186 CHAPTER XXI Ruth Bolton at Fallkill Seminary—The Montagues—Ruth Becomes Quite Gay—Alice Montague CHAPTER XXII Philip and Harry Visit Fallkill—Harry Does the Agreeable to Ruth CHAPTER XXIII Harry at Washington Lobbying For An Appropriation For Stone's Landing —Philip in New York Studying Engineering CHAPTER XXIV Washington and Its Sights—The Appropriation Bill Reported From the Committee and Passed CHAPTER XXV Energetic Movements at Stone's Landing—Everything Booming—A Grand Smash Up CHAPTER XXVI The Boltons—Ruth at Home—Visitors and Speculations CHAPTER XXVII Col Sellers Comforts His Wife With His Views on the Prospects CHAPTER XXVIII Visit to Headquarters in Wall Street—How Appropriations Are Obtained and Their Cost CHAPTER XXIX Philip's Experience With the Rail—Road Conductor—Surveys His Mining Property CHAPTER XXX Laura and Col Sellers Go To Washington On Invitation of Senator Dilworthy CHAPTER XXXI Philip and Harry at the Boltons'—Philip Seriously Injured—Ruth's First Case of Surgery CHAPTER XXXII Laura Becomes a Famous Belle at Washington CHAPTER XXXIII Society in Washington—The Antiques, the Parvenus, and the Middle Aristocracy CHAPTER XXXIV Grand Scheme For Disposing of the Tennessee Land—Laura and Washington Hawkins Enjoying the Reputation of Being Millionaires CHAPTER XXXV About Senators—Their Privileges and Habits CHAPTER XXXVI An Hour in a Book Store CHAPTER XXXVII Representative Buckstone and Laura's Strategic Coquetry CHAPTER XXXVIII Reception Day in Washington—Laura Again Meets Col. Selby and the Effect Upon Her CHAPTER XXXIX Col. Selby Visits Laura and Effects a Reconciliation CHAPTER XL Col. Sellers' Career in Washington—Laura's Intimacy With Col. Selby is Talked About CHAPTER XLI Harry Brierly Becomes Entirely Infatuated With Laura—Declares His Love and Gets Laughed At CHAPTER XLII How The Hon Mr Trollop Was Induced to Vote For Laura's Bill CHAPTER XLIII Progress of the Bill in the House CHAPTER XLIV Philip in Washington—Visits Laura CHAPTER XLV The Passage of the Bill in the House of Representatives CHAPTER XLVI Disappearance of Laura, and Murder of Col. Selby in New York CHAPTER XLVII Laura in the Tombs and Her Visitors CHAPTER XLVIII Mr Bolton Says Yes Again—Philip Returns to the Mines CHAPTER XLIX The Coal Vein Found and Lost Again—Philip and the Boltons—Elated and Then Cruelly Disappointed 443 CHAPTER L Philip Visits Fallkill and Proposes Studying Law With Mr Montague—The Squire Invests in the Mine—Ruth Declares Her Love for Philip CHAPTER LI Col Sellers Enlightens Washington Hawkins on the Customs of Congress CHAPTER LII How Senator Dilworthy Advanced Washington's Interests CHAPTER LIII Senator Dilworthy Goes West to See About His Re—election—He Becomes a Shining Light CHAPTER LIV The Trial of Laura for Murder CHAPTER LV The Trial Continued—Evidence of Harry Brierly CHAPTER LVI The Trial Continued—Col Sellers on the Stand and Takes Advantage of the Situation CHAPTER LVII The Momentous Day—Startling News—Dilworthy Denounced as a Briber and Defeated—The Bill Lost in the Senate CHAPTER LVIII Verdict, Not Guilty!—Laura Free and Receives Propositions to Lecture—Philip back at the Mines CHAPTER LIX The Investigation of the Dilworthy Bribery Case and Its Results CHAPTER LX Laura Decides on her Course—Attempts to Lecture and Fails—Found Dead in her Chair CHAPTER LXI Col Sellers and Washington Hawkins Review the Situation and Leave Washington CHAPTER LXII Philip Discouraged—One More Effort—Finds Coal at Last CHAPTER LXIII Philip Leaves Ilium to see Ruth—Ruth Convalescent—Alice APPENDIX ILLUSTRATIONS FRONTPIECE COL.
 SELLERS FEEDING HIS FAMILY ON EXPECTATIONS 1. CONTEMPLATION 2. THE SQUIRE's HOUSE S. THE U. S. MAIL 4. OBEDSTOWN MALES 5. HURRYING 6. THE SQUIRE'S KITCHEN 7. "FOR GOODNESS SAKE SI" 8. THE LAST COG WHEEL 9. GONE UP 10. TAIL PIECE 11. THE ORPHANS LAST GIFT 12. MRS HAWKINS AND CLAY AT THE GRAVE OF HIS MOTHER 13. "CHILDREN, DAR'S SUMFIN' A COMIN 14. "HEAH I IS, LORD, HEAH I IS!" 15. TAIL PIECE 16. NOT ENCOURAGED 17. SHE'S GAINING 18. "BY THE MARK TWAIN!" 19. FAST TOGETHER 20. ONE OF THE VICTIMS 21. THE PROCESSION—FORWARD MARCH! 22. THE HAPPY WIFE 23. LAURA 24. READY TO SELL 25. STOCK RISING 26. A FAMILY COUNCIL 27. TAIL PIECE 28. ATTEMPTED CORNER IN SPECIE 29. A BRILLIANT IDEA 30. BIG THINGS SHOWN UP 31. COL. SELLERS BLOWING BUBBLES FOR WASHINGTON 32. GEN


fr. L. exponere to set out, expose, expound; ex out + ponere to put: cf. OE. expondre, expondre. See Position.] 1.
 To lay open; to expose to view; to examine. [Obs.]

 He expounded both his pockets.

Hudibras.
2. To lay open the meaning of; to explain; to clear of obscurity; to interpret; as, to expound a text of Scripture, a law, a word, a meaning, or a riddle.

Expound this matter more fully to me.

Bunyan.
 Ex*pound"er (-r), n. One who expounds or explains; an interpreter.

 Ex*press" (ks*prs"), a. [F. exprès, L. expressus, p. p. of exprimere to express; ex. out + premere To press. See Press.] 1. Exactly representing; exact.

 Their human countenance The express resemblance of the gods.

Milton.
2. Directly and distinctly stated; declared in terms; not implied or left to inference; made unambiguous by intention and care; clear; not dubious; as, express consent; an express statement.

 I have express commandment.

Shak.
3. Intended for a particular purpose; relating to an express; sent on a particular errand; dispatched with special speed; as, an express messenger or train. Also used adverbially.

 A messenger sent express from the other world.

Atterbury.
Express color. (Law) See the Note under Color, n., 8.

Syn. -- Explicit; clear; unambiguous. See Explicit.

 Ex*press", n. [Cf. F. exprès a messenger.] 1.
 A clear image or representation; an expression; a plain declaration.
 [Obs.]

 The only remanent express of Christ's sacrifice on earth.

Jer. Taylor.
2. A messenger sent on a special errand; a courier; hence, a regular and fast conveyance; commonly, a company or system for the prompt and safe transportation of merchandise or parcels; also, a railway train for transporting passengers or goods with speed and punctuality.

3. An express office.

 She charged him... to ask at the express if anything came up from town.

E. E. Hale.
4. That which is sent by an express messenger or message. [Obs.] Eikon Basilike.
Express office, an office where packages for an express are received or delivered.

 Ex*press", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Expressed(?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Expressing.] [Cf. OF. espresser, expresser, L. exprimere, expressum. See Express, a.; cf.
 Sprain.] 1. To press or squeeze out; as, to express the juice of grapes, or of apples; hence, to extort; to elicit.

 All the fruits out of which drink is expressed.

Bacon.
 And th'idle breath all utterly expressed.

Spenser.
 Halters and racks can not express from thee More than by deeds.

B. Jonson.
2. To make or offer a representation of; to show by a copy or likeness; to represent; to resemble.

 Each skillful artist shall express thy form.

E. Smith.
 So kids and whelps their sires and dams express.

Dryden.
3. To give a true impression of; to represent and make known; to manifest plainly; to show in general; to exhibit, as an opinion or feeling, by a look, gesture, and esp. by language; to declare; to utter; to tell.

 My words express my purpose.

Shak.
 They expressed in their lives those excellent doctrines of morality.

Addison.
4. To make known the opinions or feelings of; to declare what is in the mind of; to show (one's self); to cause to appear; -- used reflexively.

 Mr. Phillips did express with much indignation against me, one evening.

Pope.
5. To denote; to designate.

 Moses and Aaron took these men, which are expressed by their names.

Num. i. 17.
6. To send by express messenger; to forward by special opportunity, or through the medium of an express; as, to express a package.

Syn. -- To declare; utter; signify; testify; intimate.

 Ex*press"age (ks*prs"j; 48), n. The charge for carrying a parcel by express.

 Ex*press"i*ble (-*b'l), a. Capable of being expressed, squeezed out, shown, represented, or uttered. -- Express"i*bly,adv.
 Ex*pres"sion (ks*prsh"n), n. [L. expressio: cf. F. expression.]
 1. The act of expressing; the act of forcing out by pressure; as, the expression of juices or oils; also, of extorting or eliciting; as, a forcible expression of truth.

2. The act of declaring or signifying; declaration; utterance; as, an expression of the public will.

 With this tone of philosophy were mingled expressions of sympathy.

Prescott.
3. Lively or vivid representation of meaning, sentiment, or feeling, etc.; significant and impressive indication, whether by language, appearance, or gesture; that manner or style which gives life and suggestive force to ideas and sentiments; as, he reads with expression; her performance on the piano has expression.

 The imitators of Shakespeare, fixing their attention on his wonderful power of expression, have directed their imitation to this.

M. Arnold.
4. That which is expressed by a countenance, a posture, a work of art, etc.; look, as indicative of thought or feeling. "The expression of an eye." Tennyson.
 It still wore the majesty of expression so conspicuous in his portraits by the inimitable pencil of Titian.

Prescott.
5. A form of words in which an idea or sentiment is conveyed; a mode of speech; a phrase; as, a common expression; an odd expression.

6. (Math.) The representation of any quantity by its appropriate characters or signs.

Past expression, Beyond expression, beyond the power of description. "Beyond expression bright." Milton.
 Ex*pres"sion*al (-al), a. Of, or relating to, expression; phraseological; also, vividly representing or suggesting an idea or sentiment. Fitzed. Hall. Ruskin.
 Ex*pres"sion*less, a. Destitute of expression.

 Ex*press"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. expressif.] 1. Serving to express, utter, or represent; indicative; communicative; -- followed by of; as, words expressive of his gratitude.

 Each verse so swells expressive of her woes.

Tickell.
2. Full of expression; vividly representing the meaning or feeling meant to be conveyed; significant; emphatic; as, expressive looks or words.

 You have restrained yourself within the list of too cold an adieu; be more expressive to them.

Shak.
 Through her expressive eyes her soul distinctly spoke.

Littelton.
 -- Ex*press"ive*ly,adv. -- Ex*press"ive*ness,n.
 Ex*press"ly, adv. In an express manner; in direct terms; with distinct purpose; particularly; as, a book written expressly for the young.

 The word of the Lord came expressly unto Ezekiel.

Ezek. i. 3.
 I am sent expressly to your lordship.

Shak.
 Ex*press"man (-man), n.; pl. Expressmen (-men).
 A person employed in the express business; also, the driver of a job wagon. W. D. Howells.
 Ex*press"ness, n. The


to indicate by striking, as the hour; to ring a toll for; as, to toll a departed friend. Shak.
 Slow tolls the village clock the drowsy hour.

Beattie.
4. To call, summon, or notify, by tolling or ringing.

 When hollow murmurs of their evening bells Dismiss the sleepy swains, and toll them to their cells.

Dryden.
 Toll, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tolled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tolling.] To sound or ring, as a bell, with strokes uniformly repeated at intervals, as at funerals, or in calling assemblies, or to announce the death of a person.

 The country cocks do crow, the clocks do toll.

Shak.
 Now sink in sorrows with a tolling bell.

Pope.
 Toll, n. The sound of a bell produced by strokes slowly and uniformly repeated.

 Toll (?), n. [OE. tol, AS. toll; akin to OS. & D. tol, G. zoll, OHG. zol, Icel. tollr, Sw. tull, Dan. told, and also to E. tale; — originally, that which is counted out in payment. See Tale number.] 1. A tax paid for some liberty or privilege, particularly for the privilege of passing over a bridge or on a highway, or for that of vending goods in a fair, market, or the like.

2. (Sax. & O. Eng. Law) A liberty to buy and sell within the bounds of a manor.

3. A portion of grain taken by a miller as a compensation for grinding.

Toll and team (O. Eng. Law), the privilege of having a market, and jurisdiction of villeins. Burrill. — Toll bar, a bar or beam used on a canal for stopping boats at the tollhouse, or on a road for stopping passengers. — Toll bridge, a bridge where toll is paid for passing over it. — Toll corn, corn taken as pay for grinding at a mill. — Toll dish, a dish for measuring toll in mills. — Toll gatherer, a man who takes, or gathers, toll. — Toll hop, a toll dish. [Obs.] Crabb. — Toll thorough (Eng.
 Law), toll taken by a town for beasts driven through it, or over a bridge or ferry maintained at its cost. Brande & C. — Toll traverse (Eng. Law), toll taken by an individual for beasts driven across his ground; toll paid by a person for passing over the private ground, bridge, ferry, or the like, of another. — Toll turn (Eng. Law), a toll paid at the return of beasts from market, though they were not sold. Burrill.
Syn. — Tax; custom; duty; impost.

 Toll (?), v. i. 1. To pay toll or tallage. [R.] Shak.
2. To take toll; to raise a tax. [R.]

 Well could he [the miller] steal corn and toll thrice.

Chaucer.
 No Italian priest Shall tithe or toll in our dominions.

Shak.
 Toll, v. t. To collect, as a toll. Shak.
 Toll"a*ble (?), a. Subject to the payment of toll; as, tollable goods. Wright.
 Toll"age (?), n. Payment of toll; also, the amount or quantity paid as toll. Drayton.
 Toll"booth' (?), n. [Toll a tax + booth.] [Written also tolbooth.] 1. A place where goods are weighed to ascertain the duties or toll. [Obs.]

 He saw Levy... sitting at the tollbooth.

Wyclif (Mark ii. 14).
2. In Scotland, a burgh jail; hence, any prison, especially a town jail. Sir W. Scott.
 Toll"booth', v. t. To imprison in a tollbooth. [R.]

 That they might tollbooth Oxford men.

Bp. Corbet.
 Toll"er (?), n. [AS. tollere.] A toll gatherer. "Tollers in markets." Piers Plowman.
 Toll"er, n. One who tolls a bell.

 Tol"le*tane (?), a. [L. Toletanus.] Of or pertaining to Toledo in Spain; made in Toledo. [Obs.] "Tables Tolletanes." Chaucer.
 Toll"gate' (?), n. A gate where toll is taken.

 Toll"house' (?), n.; pl. Tollhouses (&?;). A house occupied by a receiver of tolls.

 Toll"man (?), n.; pl. Tollmen (&?;). One who receives or collects toll; a toll gatherer. Cowper.
 Tol"men (?), n. See Dolmen.

 Tol"ses*ter (?), n. [LL. tolsestrum. Cf. Toll a tax.] (O. Eng. Law) A toll or tribute of a sextary of ale, paid to the lords of some manors by their tenants, for liberty to brew and sell ale. Cowell.
 Tol"sey (?), n. A tollbooth; also, a merchants' meeting place, or exchange. [Obs.] Halliwell.
 Tolt (?), n. [LL. tolta, fr. L. tollere to take away.] (O. Eng. Law) A writ by which a cause pending in a court baron was removed into a country court. Cowell.
 Tol"tec (?), n. (Ethnol.) One of a race which formerly occupied Mexico. — Tol"te*can (#), a. To*lu" (?), n. A fragrant balsam said to have been first brought from Santiago de Tolu, in New Granada. See Balsam of Tolu, under Balsam.

Tolu tree (Bot.), a large tree (Myroxylon toluiferum), the wood of which is red in the center, and has an aromatic rose odor. It affords the balsam called tolu.

 Tol"u*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of any one of the toluic acids.

 Tol"u*ene (?), n. [Tolu + benzene.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, C6H5.CH3, of the aromatic series, homologous with benzene, and obtained as a light mobile colorless liquid, by distilling tolu balsam, coal tar, etc.; — called also methyl benzene, phenyl methane, etc.

 Tol'u*e"nyl (?), n. [Toluene + - yl.] (Chem.)
 Tolyl. [Obs.]

 To*lu"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, one of three metameric acids, CH3.C6H4.CO2H, which are related to toluene and analogous to benzoic acids. They are white crystalline substances, and are called respectively orthotoluic acid, metatoluic acid, and paratoluic acid.
 Tol"u*id (?), n. (Chem.) A complex double tolyl and toluidine derivative of glycocoll, obtained as a white crystalline substance.

 To*lu"i*dine (?), n. (Chem.) Any one of three metameric amido derivatives of toluene analogous to aniline, and called respectively orthtoluidine, metatoluidine, and paratoluidine; especially, the commonest one, or paratoluidine, which is obtained as a white crystalline substance.

 It is used in the aniline dye industry, and constitutes the essential nucleus or radical of those dyes.

 { Tol"u*ol, Tol"u*ole} (?), n. [Tolu + benzol.] (Chem.)
 Same as Toluene.

 To*lu"ric (?), a. [Toluic + uric.] (Chem.) Of,


, here, is Persephone. The ejaculation served for the old as well as for the new religion of Sicily. The dialogue is here arranged as in Fritzsche's text, and in line 8 his punctuation is followed.
[78a] If cats are meant, the proverb is probably Alexandrian. Common as cats were in Egypt, they were late comers in Greece.
[78b] Most of the dialogue has been distributed as in the text of Fritzsche.
[82] Reading πέρυσιν.
[89] I.e. Syracuse, a colony of the Ephyraeans or Corinthians. The Maiden is Persephone, the Mother Demeter.
[93] Deipyle, daughter of Adrastus.
[98] Reading—πιείρα ατε λαον ανέδραμε κόσμος αρούρα. See also Wordsworth's note on line 26.
[104] For αδέα Wordsworth and Hermann conjecture Ἄρεα. The sense would be that Eunica, who thinks herself another Cypris, or Aphrodite is, in turn, to be rejected by her Ares, her soldier-lover, as she has rejected the herdsman.
[105] Reading επιμύσσησι.
[106a] Reading τα φυκιοέντα τε λαίφη.
[106b] κώπα.
[106c] ουδος δ' ουχι θύραν εΐχ', and in the next line ά γαρ πενία σφας ετήρει.
[106d] αυδάν.
[107] Reading, with Fritzsche— αλλ' όνος εν ράμνω, το τε λύχνιον εν πρυτανείω φαντι γαρ αγρυπνίαν τόδ' εχειν The lines seem to contain two popular saws, of which it is difficult to guess the meaning. The first saw appears to express helplessness; the second, to hint that such comforts as lamps lit all night long exist in towns, but are out of the reach of poor fishermen.
[108a] Reading ηρέμ' ενυξα και νύξας εχάλαξα. Asphalion first hooked his fish, which ran gamely, and nearly doubled up the rod. Then the fish sulked, and the angler half despaired of landing him. To stir the sullen fish, he reminded him of his wound, probably, as we do now, by keeping a tight line, and tapping the butt of the rod. Then he slackened, giving the fish line in case of a sudden rush; but as there was no such rush, he took in line, or perhaps only showed his fish the butt (for it is not probable that Asphalion had a reel), and so landed him. The Mediterranean fishers generally toss the fish to land with no display of science, but Asphalion's imaginary capture was a monster.
[108b] It is difficult to understand this proceeding. Perhaps Asphalion had some small net fastened with strings to his boat, in which he towed fish to shore, that the contact with the water might keep them fresher than they were likely to be in the bottom of the coble. On the other hand, Asphalion was fishing from a rock. His dream may have been confused.
[111] πυρεΐα appear to have been 'fire sticks,' by rubbing which together the heroes struck a light.
[118] Or εγχεα λοΰσαι, 'wash the spears,' as in the Zulu idiom.
[124] In line 57 for τηλε read Wordsworth's conjecture τηδε = ενταΰθα.
[127] Odyssey. xix. 36 seq.
(Reading απερ not ατερ.) 'Father, surely a great marvel is this that I behold with mine eyes meseems, at least, that the walls of the hall... are bright as it were with flaming fire'... 'Lo! this is the wont of the gods that hold Olympus.' [128] ξηρον, prae timore non lacrymantem (Paley).
[129] Reading, after Fritzsche, ρωγάδος εκ πέτρας. We should have expected the accursed ashes (like those of Wyclif) to be thrown into the river; cf. Virgil, Ecl. viii. 101, 'Fer cineres, Amarylli, foras, rivoque fluenti transque caput lace nec respexeris.' Virgil's knowledge of these observances was not inferior to that of Theocritus.
[130] Reading εστεμμένω. If εστεμμνον is read, the phrase will mean 'pure brimming water.' [135] Reading οσσον.
[143] Reading αλλη, as in Wordsworth's conjecture, instead of υλη.
[144] Reading ποπανεύματα.
[145] Πένθημα και ου πενθηα, a play on words difficult to retain in English. Compare Idyl xiii.
line 74.
[147] The conjecture εμα δ' gives a good sense, mea vero Helena me potius ultra petit.
[148] Reading, as in Wordsworth's conjecture, μη 'πιβάλης ταν χεΐρα, και ει γ' ετι χεΐλος, αμύξω.
[150a] Reading οΐδ', ακρατιμίη εσσι, with Fritzsche. Compare the conjecture of Wordsworth, Ὀύδ' ακρα τι μη εσσι.
[150b] See Wordsworth's explanation.
[153] Syracuse.
[165] Reading, πεδοικισται (that is, the Corinthian founders of Syracuse), and following Wordsworth's other conjectures.
[167] This epigram may have been added by the first editor of Theocritus, Artemidorus the Grammarian.
[176] This conjecture of Meineke's offers, at least, a meaning.
[181] Les hommes sont tous condamnés à mort, avec des sursis indéfinis.—Victor Hugo.
[205] Alcmena bore Iphicles to Amphictyon, Hercules to Zeus.
[208] Reading, with Weise, ποτάγει δε πολυ πλεον αμμε γαλάνα.
[210] For the translations into verse I have to thank Mr. Ernest Myers.
***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THEOCRITUS, BION AND MOSCHUS***


form of a hollow trunk or rectangular tube, with cellular walls made of iron plates riveted together, as the Britannia bridge over the Menai Strait, and the Victoria bridge at Montreal. -- Wheatstone's bridge (Elec.), a device for the measurement of resistances, so called because the balance between the resistances to be measured is indicated by the absence of a current in a certain wire forming a bridge or connection between two points of the apparatus; -- invented by Sir Charles Wheatstone.

 Bridge (brj), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bridged (brjd); p. pr. & vb. n. Bridging.] 1. To build a bridge or bridges on or over; as, to bridge a river.

 Their simple engineering bridged with felled trees the streams which could not be forded. Palfrey.
2. To open or make a passage, as by a bridge.

 Xerxes... over Hellespont Bridging his way, Europe with Asia joined. Milton.
3. To find a way of getting over, as a difficulty; -- generally with over.

 Bridge"board' (&?;), n. 1. (Arch.) A notched board to which the treads and risers of the steps of wooden stairs are fastened.

2. A board or plank used as a bridge.

 Bridge"head' (&?;), n. A fortification commanding the extremity of a bridge nearest the enemy, to insure the preservation and usefulness of the bridge, and prevent the enemy from crossing; a tête-de-pont.

 Bridge"less, a. Having no bridge; not bridged.

 Bridge"pot' (&?;), n. (Mining) The adjustable socket, or step, of a millstone spindle. Knight.
 Bridge"tree' (&?;), n. [Bridge + tree a beam.] (Mining) The beam which supports the spindle socket of the runner in a grinding mill. Knight.
 Bridge"-ward' (&?;), n. 1. A bridge keeper; a warden or a guard for a bridge. [Obs.] Sir W. Scott.
2. The principal ward of a key. Knight.
 Bridg"ing (&?;), n. (Arch.) The system of bracing used between floor or other timbers to distribute the weight.

Bridging joist. Same as Binding joist.

 Bridg"y (&?;), a. Full of bridges. [R.] Sherwood.
 Bri"dle (&?;), n. [OE. bridel, AS. bridel; akin to OHG. britil, brittil, D. breidel, and possibly to E. braid. Cf. Bridoon.] 1. The head gear with which a horse is governed and restrained, consisting of a headstall, a bit, and reins, with other appendages.

2. A restraint; a curb; a check. I. Watts.
3. (Gun.) The piece in the interior of a gun lock, which holds in place the tumbler, sear, etc.

4. (Naut.) (a) A span of rope, line, or chain made fast as both ends, so that another rope, line, or chain may be attached to its middle. (b) A mooring hawser.

Bowline bridle. See under Bowline. -- Branches of a bridle.
 See under Branch. - - Bridle cable (Naut.), a cable which is bent to a bridle. See 4, above. -- Bridle hand, the hand which holds the bridle in riding; the left hand. -- Bridle path, Bridle way, a path or way for saddle horses and pack horses, as distinguished from a road for vehicles. -- Bridle port (Naut.), a porthole or opening in the bow through which hawsers, mooring or bridle cables, etc., are passed. -- Bridle rein, a rein attached to the bit. -- Bridle road. (a) Same as Bridle path. Lowell. (b) A road in a pleasure park reserved for horseback exercise. -- Bridle track, a bridle path. - - Scolding bridle. See Branks, 2.

Syn. -- A check; restrain.

 Bri"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bridled (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Bridling (&?;).] 1. To put a bridle upon; to equip with a bridle; as, to bridle a horse.

 He bridled her mouth with a silkweed twist. Drake.
2. To restrain, guide, or govern, with, or as with, a bridle; to check, curb, or control; as, to bridle the passions; to bridle a muse. Addison.
 Savoy and Nice, the keys of Italy, and the citadel in her hands to bridle Switzerland, are in that consolidation. Burke.
Syn. -- To check; restrain; curb; govern; control; repress; master; subdue.

 Bri"dle, v. i. To hold up the head, and draw in the chin, as an expression of pride, scorn, or resentment; to assume a lofty manner; -- usually with up. "His bridling neck." Wordsworth.
 By her bridling up I perceived she expected to be treated hereafter not as Jenny Distaff, but Mrs. Tranquillus. Tatler.
 Bri"dle i'ron (&?;). (Arch.) A strong flat bar of iron, so bent as to support, as in a stirrup, one end of a floor timber, etc., where no sufficient bearing can be had; -- called also stirrup and hanger.

 Bri"dler (&?;), n. One who bridles; one who restrains and governs, as with a bridle. Milton.
 Bri*doon" (&?;), n. [F. bridon, from bride; of German origin. See Bridle, n.] (Mil.) The snaffle and rein of a military bridle, which acts independently of the bit, at the pleasure of the rider. It is used in connection with a curb bit, which has its own rein. Campbell.
 Brief (&?;), a. [OE. bref, F. brief, bref, fr. L. brevis; akin to Gr. &?; short, and perh. to Skr. barh to tear. Cf. Breve.] 1. Short in duration.

 How brief the life of man. Shak.
2. Concise; terse; succinct.

 The brief style is that which expresseth much in little. B. Jonson.
3. Rife; common; prevalent. [Prov. Eng.]

In brief. See under Brief, n. Syn. -- Short; concise; succinct; summary; compendious; condensed; terse; curt; transitory; short-lived.

 Brief, adv. 1. Briefly. [Obs. or Poetic] Adam, faltering long, thus answered brief. Milton.
2. Soon; quickly. [Obs.] Shak.
 Brief (brf), n. [See Brief, a., and cf. Breve.] 1. A short concise writing or letter; a statement in few words.

 Bear this sealed brief, With winged hastle, to the lord marshal. Shak.
 And she told me In a sweet, verbal brief. Shak.
2. An epitome.

 Each woman is a brief of womankind. Overbury.
3. (Law) An abridgment or concise statement of a client's case, made out for the instruction of counsel in a trial at law. This word is applied also to a statement of the heads or points of a law argument.

 It was not without some reference to it that I perused many a brief.
Sir J. Stephen.
 In England, the brief is prepared by the attorney; in the United States, counsel generally make up their own briefs.

4. (Law) A writ; a breve. See Breve, n., 2


Dis'em*bod"y (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disembodied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disembodying.] 1. To divest of the body or corporeal existence.

 Devils embodied and disembodied.

Sir W. Scott.
2. (Mil.) To disarm and disband, as a body of soldiers. Wilhelm.
 Dis'em*bogue" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disembogued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disemboguing.] [Sp. desembocar; pref. des- (L. dis-) + embocar to put into the mouth, fr. en (L. in) + boca mouth, fr. L. bucca cheek. Cf. Debouch, Embogue.] 1. To pour out or discharge at the mouth, as a stream; to vent; to discharge into an ocean, a lake, etc.

 Rolling down, the steep Timavus raves, And through nine channels disembogues his waves.

Addison.
2. To eject; to cast forth. [R.] Swift.
 Dis'em*bogue", v. i. To become discharged; to flow out; to find vent; to pour out contents.

 Volcanos bellow ere they disembogue.

Young.
 Dis'em*bogue"ment (?), n. The act of disemboguing; discharge. Mease.
 Dis'em*bos"som (?), v. t. To separate from the bosom. [R.] Young.
 Dis'em*bow"el (ds'm*bou"l), v. t. [See Embowel.] 1. To take or let out the bowels or interior parts of; to eviscerate.

 Soon after their death, they are disemboweled.

Cook.
 Roaring floods and cataracts that sweep From disemboweled earth the virgin gold.

Thomson.
2. To take or draw from the body, as the web of a spider. [R.] "Her disemboweled web." J. Philips.
 Dis'em*bow"el*ment (?), n. The act of disemboweling, or state of being disemboweled; evisceration.

 Dis'em*bow"ered (?), a. Deprived of, or removed from, a bower.
 [Poetic] Bryant.
 Dis'em*bran"gle (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + em = en (L. in) + brangle.] To free from wrangling or litigation.
 [Obs.] Berkeley.
 Dis'em*broil" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disembroiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disembroiling.] [Pref. dis- + embroil.]
 To disentangle; to free from perplexity; to extricate from confusion.

 Vaillant has disembroiled a history that was lost to the world before his time.

Addison.
 Dis'em*ploy" (?), v. t. To throw out of employment. [Obs.] Jer.
 Taylor.
 Dis'em*ploy"ment (?), n. The state of being disemployed, or deprived of employment.

 This glut of leisure and disemployment.

Jer. Taylor.
 Dis'em*pow"er (?), v. t. To deprive of power; to divest of strength. H. Bushnell.
 Dis'en*a"ble (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + enable.] To disable; to disqualify.

 The sight of it might damp me and disenable me to speak.

State Trials (1640).
 Dis'en*am"or (?), v. t. To free from the captivity of love. Shelton.
 Dis'en*chained" (?), a. Freed from restraint; unrestrained.
 [Archaic] E. A. Poe.
 Dis'en*chant" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disenchanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Disenchanting.] [Pref. dis- + enchant: cf. F. désenchanter.] To free from enchantment; to deliver from the power of charms or spells; to free from fascination or delusion.

 Haste to thy work; a noble stroke or two Ends all the charms, and disenchants the grove.

Dryden.
 Dis'en*chant"er (?), n. One who, or that which, disenchants.

 Dis'en*chant"ment (?), n. [Pref. dis- + enchantment: cf. F. désenchantement.] The act of disenchanting, or state of being disenchanted. Shelton.
 Dis'en*charm" (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + en (L. in) + charm.] To free from the influence of a charm or spell; to disenchant. [R.] Jer. Taylor.
 Dis'en*close (?), v. t. See Disinclose.

 Dis'en*cour"age*ment (?), n. Discouragement. [Obs.] Spectator.
 Dis'en*crese" (?), v. i. [Pref. dis- + OE. encrese, E. increase.] To decrease. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Dis'en*crese", n. Decrease. [Obs.]

 Dis'en*cum"ber (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disencumbered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disencumbering.] [Pref. dis- + encumber: cf. F. désencombrer.] To free from encumbrance, or from anything which clogs, impedes, or obstructs; to disburden. Owen.
 I have disencumbered myself from rhyme.

Dryden.
 Dis'en*cum"brance (?), n. Freedom or deliverance from encumbrance, or anything burdensome or troublesome. Spectator.
 Dis'en*dow" (?), v. t. To deprive of an endowment, as a church. Gladstone.
 Dis'en*dow"ment (?), n. The act of depriving of an endowment or endowments.

 [The] disendowment of the Irish Church.

G. B. Smith.
 Dis'en*fran"chise (?), v. t. To disfranchise; to deprive of the rights of a citizen. -- Dis'en*fran"chise*ment (#), n. Dis'en*gage" (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disengaged (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Disengaging.] [Pref. dis- + engage: cf. F. désengager.] To release from that with which anything is engaged, engrossed, involved, or entangled; to extricate; to detach; to set free; to liberate; to clear; as, to disengage one from a party, from broils and controversies, from an oath, promise, or occupation; to disengage the affections a favorite pursuit, the mind from study.

 To disengage him and the kingdom, great sums were to be borrowed.

Milton.
 Caloric and light must be disengaged during the process.

Transl. of Lavoisier.
Syn. -- To liberate; free; loose; extricate; clear; disentangle; detach; withdraw; wean.

 Dis'en*gage", v. i. To release one's self; to become detached; to free one's self.

 From a friends's grave how soon we disengage!

Young.
 Dis'en*gaged" (?), a. Not engaged; free from engagement; at leisure; free from occupation or care; vacant. -- Dis'en*ga"ged*ness (#), n. Dis'en*gage"ment (?), n. [Pref. dis- + engagement: cf. F. désengagement


sowed and tilled.

Dryden.
 Pains"tak'er (?), n. One who takes pains; one careful and faithful in all work. Gay.
 Pains"tak'ing, a. Careful in doing; diligent; faithful; attentive.
 "Painstaking men." Harris.
 Pains"tak'ing, n. The act of taking pains; carefulness and fidelity in performance. Beau. & Fl.
 Pains"wor'thy (?), a. Worth the pains or care bestowed.

 Paint (pnt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Painted; p. pr.
 & vb. n. Painting.] [OE. peinten, fr. F. peint, p. p. of peindre to paint, fr. L. pingere, pictum; cf.
 Gr. poiki'los many-colored, Skr. piç to adorn. Cf. Depict, Picture, Pigment, Pint.] 1. To cover with coloring matter; to apply paint to; as, to paint a house, a signboard, etc.

 Jezebel painted her face and tired her head.

2 Kings ix. 30.
2. Fig.: To color, stain, or tinge; to adorn or beautify with colors; to diversify with colors.

 Not painted with the crimson spots of blood.

Shak.
 Cuckoo buds of yellow hue Do paint the meadows with delight.

Shak.
3. To form in colors a figure or likeness of on a flat surface, as upon canvas; to represent by means of colors or hues; to exhibit in a tinted image; to portray with paints; as, to paint a portrait or a landscape.

4. Fig.: To represent or exhibit to the mind; to describe vividly; to delineate; to image; to depict.

 Disloyal? The word is too good to paint out her wickedness.

Shak.
 If folly grow romantic, I must paint it.

Pope.
Syn. -- To color; picture; depict; portray; delineate; sketch; draw; describe.

 Paint, v. t. 1. To practice the art of painting; as, the artist paints well.

2. To color one's face by way of beautifying it.

 Let her paint an inch thick.

Shak.
 Paint, n. 1. (a) A pigment or coloring substance. (b) The same prepared with a vehicle, as oil, water with gum, or the like, for application to a surface.

2. A cosmetic; rouge. Praed.
 Paint"ed, a. 1. Covered or adorned with paint; portrayed in colors.

 As idle as a painted ship Upon a painted ocean.

Coleridge.
2. (Nat. Hist.) Marked with bright colors; as, the painted turtle; painted bunting.

Painted beauty (Zoöl.), a handsome American butterfly (Vanessa Huntera), having a variety of bright colors, -- Painted cup (Bot.), any plant of an American genus of herbs (Castilleia) in which the bracts are usually bright-colored and more showy than the flowers. Castilleia coccinea has brilliantly scarlet bracts, and is common in meadows. -- Painted finch. See Nonpareil. -- Painted lady (Zoöl.), a bright-colored butterfly. See Thistle butterfly. -- Painted turtle (Zoöl.), a common American freshwater tortoise (Chrysemys picta), having bright red and yellow markings beneath.

 Paint"er (pnt"r), n. [OE, pantere a noose, snare, F. pantière, LL. panthera, L. panther a hunting net, fr. Gr. panqh'ra; pa^s all + qh'r beast; cf. Ir. painteir a net, gin, snare, Gael. painntear.]
 (Naut.) A rope at the bow of a boat, used to fasten it to anything.
 Totten.
 Paint"er, n. [Corrupt. of panther.] (Zoöl.) The panther, or puma. [A form representing an illiterate pronunciation, U. S.]
 J. F. Cooper.
 Paint"er, n. [See lst Paint.] One whose occupation is to paint; esp.: (a) One who covers buildings, ships, ironwork, and the like, with paint. (b) An artist who represents objects or scenes in color on a flat surface, as canvas, plaster, or the like.

Painter's colic. (Med.) See Lead colic, under Colic.
 -- Painter stainer. (a) A painter of coats of arms. Crabb.
(b) A member of a livery company or guild in London, bearing this name.

 Paint"er*ly (?), a. Like a painter's work. [Obs.] "A painterly glose of a visage." Sir P. Sidney.
 Paint"er*ship, n. The state or position of being a painter. [R.] Br.
 Gardiner.
 Paint"ing, n. 1. The act or employment of laying on, or adorning with, paints or colors.

2. (Fine Arts) The work of the painter; also, any work of art in which objects are represented in color on a flat surface; a colored representation of any object or scene; a picture.

3. Color laid on; paint. [R.] Shak.
4. A depicting by words; vivid representation in words.

Syn. -- See Picture.

 Paint"less, a. Not capable of being painted or described. "In paintless patience." Savage.
 Pain"ture (?), n. [F. peinture. See Paint, v. t., and cf. Picture.] The art of painting. [Obs.] Chaucer. Dryden.
 Paint"y (?), a. Unskillfully painted, so that the painter's method of work is too obvious; also, having too much pigment applied to the surface. [Cant] Pair (?), n. [F. paire, LL. paria, L. paria, pl. of par pair, fr. par, adj., equal. Cf. Apparel, Par equality, Peer an equal.]

1. A number of things resembling one another, or belonging together; a set; as, a pair or flight of stairs. "A pair of beads." Chaucer. Beau. & Fl. "Four pair of stairs." Macaulay. [Now mostly or quite disused, except as to stairs.]

 Two crowns in my pocket, two pair of cards.

Beau. & Fl.
2. Two things of a kind, similar in form, suited to each other, and intended to be used together; as, a pair of gloves or stockings; a pair of shoes.

3. Two of a sort; a span; a yoke; a couple; a brace; as, a pair of horses; a pair of oxen.

4. A married couple; a man and wife. "A happy pair." Dryden.
 "The hapless pair." Milton.
5. A single thing, composed of two pieces fitted to each other and used together; as, a pair of scissors; a pair of tongs; a pair of bellows.

6. Two members of opposite parties or opinion, as in a parliamentary body, who mutually agree not to vote on a given question, or on issues of a party nature during a specified time; as, there were two pairs on the final vote. [Parliamentary Cant] 7. (Kinematics) In a mechanism, two elements, or bodies, which are so applied to each other as to mutually constrain relative motion.

Pairs are named in accordance with the kind of motion they permit; thus, a journal and its bearing form a turning pair, a cylinder and its piston a sliding pair, a screw and its nut a twisting pair, etc. Any pair in which the constraining contact is along lines or at points only (as a cam and roller


acid. [Sometimes written also vanadous.]

 Van"a*dite (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of vanadious acid, analogous to a nitrite or a phosphite.

 Va*na"di*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Icel. Vanads, a surname of the Scandinavian goddess Freya.] (Chem.) A rare element of the nitrogen-phosphorus group, found combined, in vanadates, in certain minerals, and reduced as an infusible, grayish-white metallic powder. It is intermediate between the metals and the non-metals, having both basic and acid properties. Symbol V (or Vd, rarely). Atomic weight 51.2.

 Van"a*dous (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to vanadium; obtained from vanadium; — said of an acid containing one equivalent of vanadium and two of oxygen.

 Van"a*dyl (?), n. [Vanadium + - yl.] (Chem.)
 The hypothetical radical VO, regarded as a characterized residue of certain vanadium compounds.

 Van"-cou'ri*er (?), n. [F. avantcourrier. See Avant, Van of an army, and Courier, and cf. Avant-courier, Vaunt-courier.] One sent in advance; an avant-courier; a precursor.

 Van"dal (?), n. [L. Vandalus, Vandalius; of Teutonic origin, and probably originally signifying, a wanderer. Cf. Wander.]

1. (Anc. Hist.) One of a Teutonic race, formerly dwelling on the south shore of the Baltic, the most barbarous and fierce of the northern nations that plundered Rome in the 5th century, notorious for destroying the monuments of art and literature.

2. Hence, one who willfully destroys or defaces any work of art or literature.

 The Vandals of our isle, Sworn foes to sense and law.

Cowper.
 { Van"dal (?), Van*dal"ic (?), } a. Of or pertaining to the Vandals; resembling the Vandals in barbarism and destructiveness.

 Van"dal*ism (?), n. The spirit or conduct of the Vandals; ferocious cruelty; hostility to the arts and literature, or willful destruction or defacement of their monuments.

 Van*dyke" (vn*dk"), a. Of or pertaining to the style of Vandyke the painter; used or represented by Vandyke. "His Vandyke dress." Macaulay.
 [Written also Vandyck.]

Vandyke brown (Paint.), a pigment of a deep semitransparent brown color, supposed to be the color used by Vandyke in his pictures. — Vandyke collar or cape, a broad collar or cape of linen and lace with a deep pointed or scalloped edge, worn lying on the shoulders; — so called from its appearance in pictures by Vandyke. — Vandyke edge, an edge having ornamental triangular points.

 Van*dyke", n. A picture by Vandyke. Also, a Vandyke collar, or a Vandyke edge. [Written also Vandyck.]

 Van*dyke", v. t. fit or furnish with a Vandyke; to form with points or scallops like a Vandyke. [R.] [Written also Vandyck.]

 Vane (?), n. [OE. & E. Prov. E. fane weathercock, banner, AS. fana a banner, flag; akin to D. vaan, G. fahne, OHG. fano cloth, gund fano flag, Icel. fni, Sw. fana, Dan. fane, Goth. fana cloth, L. pannus, and perhaps to Gr.&?; a web, &?; a bobbin, spool. Cf. Fanon, Pane a compartment, panel.]

 1. A contrivance attached to some elevated object for the purpose of showing which way the wind blows; a weathercock. It is usually a plate or strip of metal, or slip of wood, often cut into some fanciful form, and placed upon a perpendicular axis around which it moves freely.

 Aye undiscreet, and changing as a vane.

Chaucer.
2. Any flat, extended surface attached to an axis and moved by the wind; as, the vane of a windmill; hence, a similar fixture of any form moved in or by water, air, or other fluid; as, the vane of a screw propeller, a fan blower, an anemometer, etc.

3. (Zoöl.) The rhachis and web of a feather taken together.

4. One of the sights of a compass, quadrant, etc.

Vane of a leveling staff. (Surv.) Same as Target, 3.

 ||Van*es"sa (?), n. [Probably from Swift's poem of Cadenus and Vanessa.
 See Vanessa, in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.] (Zoöl.)
 Any one of numerous species of handsomely colored butterflies belonging to Vanessa and allied genera. Many of these species have the edges of the wings irregularly scalloped.

 Van*es"si*an (?), n. (Zoöl.) A vanessa.

 Van"fess' (?), n. [F. avantfossé; avant before + fossé ditch. Cf. Fosse.] (Fort.) A ditch on the outside of the counterscarp, usually full of water.

 Vang (?), n. [D. vangen to catch, seize. See Fang.] (Naut.)
 A rope to steady the peak of a gaff.

 Van"glo (?), n. (Bot.) Benne (Sesamum orientale); also, its seeds; — so called in the West Indies.

 Van"guard' (?), n. [For vantguard, avantguard, F. avant-garde; avant before, fore + garde guard. See Avant, Ab-,Ante-, and Guard, and cf. Advance, Vamp, Van of an army, Vaward.] (Mil.) The troops who march in front of an army; the advance guard; the van.

 Va*nil"la (?), n. [NL., fr. Sp. vainilla, dim. of Sp. vaina a sheath, a pod, L. vagina; because its grains, or seeds, are contained in little pods.]

1. (Bot.) A genus of climbing orchidaceous plants, natives of tropical America.

2. The long podlike capsules of Vanilla planifolia, and V. claviculata, remarkable for their delicate and agreeable odor, for the volatile, odoriferous oil extracted from them; also, the flavoring extract made from the capsules, extensively used in confectionery, perfumery, etc.

 As a medicine, vanilla is supposed to possess powers analogous to valerian, while, at the same time, it is far more grateful.

Cuban vanilla, a sweet-scented West Indian composite shrub (Eupatorium Dalea). — Vanilla bean, the long capsule of the vanilla plant.
 — Vanilla grass. Same as Holy grass, under Holy.

 Va*nil"late (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of vanillic acid.

 Va*nil"lic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, vanilla or vanillin; resembling vanillin; specifically, designating an alcohol and an acid respectively, vanillin being the intermediate aldehyde.

 Va*nil"lin (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline aldehyde having a burning taste and characteristic odor of vanilla. It is extracted from vanilla pods, and is also obtained by the decomposition of coniferin, and by the oxidation of eugenol.

 Va*nil"loes (?), n. pl. An inferior kind of vanilla, the pods of Vanilla Pompona.

 Va*nil"lyl (?), n. [Vanillic


enser.
 His royal bird Prunes the immortal wing and cloys his beak.

Shak.
 Prune, v. i. To dress; to prink; - used humorously or in contempt.
 Dryden.
 Prune, n. [F. prune, from L. prunum a plum. See Plum.]
 A plum; esp., a dried plum, used in cookery; as, French or Turkish prunes; California prunes.

German prune (Bot.), a large dark purple plum, of oval shape, often one-sided. It is much used for preserving, either dried or in sirup. -- Prune tree. (Bot.) (a) A tree of the genus Prunus (P. domestica), which produces prunes. (b) The West Indian tree, Prunus occidentalis. -- South African prune (Bot.), the edible fruit of a sapindaceous tree (Pappea Capensis).

 ||Pru*nel"la (?), n. [NL., perhaps from G. bræune quinsy, croup.] (Med.) (a) Angina, or angina pectoris. (b) Thrush.

Prunella salt (Old Chem.), niter fused and cast into little balls.

 { Pru*nel"la, Pru*nel"lo, } n. [F. prunelle, probably so called from its color resembling that of prunes. See Prune, n.] A smooth woolen stuff, generally black, used for making shoes; a kind of lasting; -- formerly used also for clergymen's gowns.

 Pru*nelle" (?), n. [F., dim. of prune. See Prune, n.]
 A kind of small and very acid French plum; -- applied especially to the stoned and dried fruit.

 Pru*nel"lo (?), n. [F. prunelle, dim. of prune. See Prune a plum.] A species of dried plum; prunelle.

 Prun"er (?), n. 1. One who prunes, or removes, what is superfluous.

2. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of beetles whose larvæ gnaw the branches of trees so as to cause them to fall, especially the American oak pruner (Asemum mœstum), whose larva eats the pith of oak branches, and when mature gnaws a circular furrow on the inside nearly to the bark. When the branches fall each contains a pupa.

 Pru*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. prunum a plum + -ferous.]
 Bearing plums.

 Prun"ing (?), n. 1. The act of trimming, or removing what is superfluous.

2. (Falconry) That which is cast off by bird in pruning her feathers; leavings. Beau. & Fl.
Pruning hook, or Pruning knife, cutting instrument used in pruning trees, etc. -- Pruning shears, shears for pruning trees, vines, etc.

 ||Pru"nus (?), n. [L., a plum tree.] (Bot.) A genus of trees with perigynous rosaceous flowers, and a single two-ovuled carpel which usually becomes a drupe in ripening.

 Originally, this genus was limited to the plums, then, by Linnæus, was made to include the cherries and the apricot. Later botanists separated these into several genera, as Prunus, Cerasus, and Armeniaca, but now, by Bentham and Hooker, the plums, cherries, cherry laurels, peach, almond, and nectarine are all placed in Prunus.

 { Pru"ri*ence (?), Pru"ri*en*cy (?), } n. The quality or state of being prurient.

 The pruriency of curious ears.

Burke.
 There is a prurience in the speech of some.

Cowper.
 Pru"ri*ent (?), a. [L. pruries, - entis, p. pr. of prurire to itch. Cf. Freeze.] Uneasy with desire; itching; especially, having a lascivious curiosity or propensity; lustful. -- Pru"ri*ent*ly, adv.
 The eye of the vain and prurient is darting from object to object of illicit attraction.

I. Taylor.
 Pru*rig"i*nous (?), a. [L. pruriginosus: cf. F. prurigineux.]
 (Med.) Tending to, or caused by, prurigo; affected by, or of the nature of, prurigo.

 ||Pru*ri"go (?), n. [L., an itching, the itch, fr. prurire to itch.] (Med.) A papular disease of the skin, of which intense itching is the chief symptom, the eruption scarcely differing from the healthy cuticle in color.

 ||Pru*ri"tus (?), n. [L.] (Med.) Itching.

 Prus"sian (?), a. [From Prussia, the country: cf. F. prussien.]
 Of or pertaining to Prussia. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Prussia.

Prussian blue (Chem.), any one of several complex double cyanides of ferrous and ferric iron; specifically, a dark blue amorphous substance having a coppery luster, obtained by adding a solution of potassium ferrocyanide (yellow prussiate of potash) to a ferric salt. It is used in dyeing, in ink, etc. Called also Williamson's blue, insoluble Prussian blue, Berlin blue, etc. -- Prussian carp (Zoöl.)
 See Gibel. -- Prussian green. (Chem.) Same as Berlin green, under Berlin.

 Prus"si*ate (?), n. [Cf. F. prussiate.] (Chem.) A salt of prussic acid; a cyanide.

Red prussiate of potash. See Potassium ferricyanide, under Ferricyanide. -- Yellow prussiate of potash. See Potassium ferrocyanide, under Ferrocyanide.

 Prus"sic (?), a. [Cf. F. prussique.] (Old Chem.)
 designating the acid now called hydrocyanic acid, but formerly called prussic acid, because Prussian blue is derived from it or its compounds. See Hydrocyanic.

 Pru*ten"ic (?), a. (Astron.) Prussian; -- applied to certain astronomical tables published in the sixteenth century, founded on the principles of Copernicus, a Prussian.

 Pry (?), n. [Corrupted fr. prize a lever. See Prize, n.]
 A lever; also, leverage. [Local, U. S. & Eng.]

Pry pole, the pole which forms the prop of a hoisting gin, and stands facing the windlass.

 Pry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pried (?); p. pr. & vb.
 n. Prying.] To raise or move, or attempt to raise or move, with a pry or lever; to prize. [Local, U. S. & Eng.]

 Pry, v. i. [OE. prien. Cf. Peer to peep.] To peep narrowly; to gaze; to inspect closely; to attempt to discover something by a scrutinizing curiosity; -- often implying reproach. " To pry upon the stars." Chaucer.
 Watch thou and wake when others be asleep, To pry into the secrets of the state.

Shak.
 Pry, n. Curious inspection; impertinent peeping.

 Pry"an (?), n. (Mining) See Prian.

 Pry"ing, a. Inspecting closely or impertinently.

Syn. -- Inquisitive; curious. See Inquisitive.

 Pry"ing*ly, adv. In a prying manner.

 ||Pryt'a*ne"um (?), n. [


Transcribed from the 1887 Cassell & Company edition by David Price, email _EMAIL_ CASSELL'S NATIONAL LIBRARY.

CROTCHET CASTLE BY THOMAS LOVE PEACOCK.
Decorative graphic CASSELL & COMPANY, Limited: LONDON, PARIS, NEW YORK & MELBOURNE.
1887.

INTRODUCTION.
Thomas Love Peacock was born at Weymouth in 1785. His first poem, "The Genius of the Thames," was in its second edition when he became one of the friends of Shelley. That was in 1812, when Shelley's age was twenty, Peacock's twenty-seven. The acquaintance strengthened, until Peacock became the friend in whose judgment Shelley put especial trust. There were many points of agreement. Peacock, at that time, shared, in a more practical way, Shelley's desire for root and branch reform; both wore poets, although not equally gifted, and both loved Plato and the Greek tragedians. In "Crotchet Castle" Peacock has expressed his own delight in Greek literature through the talk of the Reverend Dr. Folliott.
But Shelley's friendship for Peacock included a trust in him that was maintained by points of unlikeness. Peacock was shrewd and witty. He delighted in extravagance of a satire which usually said more than it meant, but always rested upon a foundation of good sense. Then also there was a touch of the poet to give grace to the utterances of a clear-headed man of the world. It was Peacock who gave its name to Shelley's poem of "Alastor, or the Spirit of Solitude," published in 1816. The "Spirit of Solitude" being treated as a spirit of evil, Peacock suggested calling it "Alastor," since the Greek ἀλάστωρ means an evil genius.
Peacock's novels are unlike those of other men: they are the genuine expressions of an original and independent mind. His reading and his thinking ran together; there is free quotation, free play of wit and satire, grace of invention too, but always unconventional. The story is always pleasant, although always secondary to the play of thought for which it gives occasion. He quarrelled with verse, whimsically but in all seriousness, in an article on "The Four Ages of Poetry," contributed in 1820 to a short-lived journal, "Ollier's Literary Miscellany." The four ages were, he said, the iron age, the Bardic; the golden, the Homeric; the silver, the Virgilian; and the brass, in which he himself lived. "A poet in our time," he said, "is a semi-barbarian in a civilised community..
. The highest inspirations of poetry are resolvable into three ingredients: the rant of unregulated passion, the whining of exaggerated feeling, and the cant of factitious sentiment; and can, therefore, serve only to ripen a splendid lunatic like Alexander, a puling driveller like Werter, or a morbid dreamer like Wordsworth." In another part of this essay he says: "While the historian and the philosopher are advancing in and accelerating the progress of knowledge, the poet is wallowing in the rubbish of departed ignorance, and raking up the ashes of dead savages to find gewgaws and rattles for the grown babies of the age. Mr. Scott digs up the poacher and cattle-stealers of the ancient Border. Lord Byron cruises for thieves and pirates on the shores of the Morea and among the Greek islands. Mr. Southey wades through ponderous volumes of travels and old chronicles, from which he carefully selects all that is false, useless, and absurd, as being essentially poetical; and when he has a commonplace book full of monstrosities, strings them into an epic." And so forth; Peacock going on to characterise, in further illustration of his argument, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Moore, and Campbell. He did not refer to Shelley; and Shelley read his friend's whimsical attack on poetry with all good humour, proceeding to reply to it with a "Defence of Poetry," which would have appeared in the same journal, if the journal had survived. In this novel of "Crotchet Castle" there is the same good-humoured exaggeration in the treatment of "our learned friend"—Lord Brougham—to whom and to whose labours for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge there are repeated allusions. In one case Peacock associates the labours of "our learned friend" for the general instruction of the masses with encouragement of robbery (page 172), and in another with body-snatching, or, worse,—murder for dissection (page 99). "The Lord deliver me from the learned friend!" says Dr.
Folliott. Brougham's elevation to a peerage in November, 1830, as Lord Brougham and Vaux, is referred to on page 177, where he is called Sir Guy do Vaux. It is not to be forgotten, in the reading, that this story was written in 1831, the year before the passing of the Reform Bill. It ends with a scene suggested by the agricultural riots of that time. In the ninth chapter, again, there is a passage dealing with Sir Walter Scott after the fashion of the criticisms in the "Four Ages of Poetry." But this critical satire gave nobody pain. Always there was a ground-work of good sense, and the broad sweep of the satire was utterly unlike the nibbling censure of the men whose wit is tainted with ill-humour. We may see also that the poet's nature cannot be expelled. In this volume we should find the touch of a poet's hand in the tale itself when dealing with the adventures of Mr. Chainmail, while he stays at the Welsh mountain inn, if the story did not again and again break out into actual song, for it includes half-a-dozen little poems.
When Peacock wrote his attack on Poetry, he had, only two years before, produced a poem of his own—"Rhododaphne"—with a Greek fancy of the true and the false love daintily worked out. It was his chief work in verse, and gave much pleasure to a few, among them his friend Shelley. But he felt that, as the world went, he was not strong enough to help it by his singing, so he confined his writing to the novels, in which he could speak his mind in his own way, while doing his duty by his country in the East India House, where he obtained a post in 1818. From 1836 to 1856, when he retired on a pension, he was Examiner of India Correspondence. Peacock died in 1866, aged eighty-one.
H. M. Note that in this tale Mac Quedy is Mac Q. E. D., son of a demonstration; Mr. Skionar, the transcendentalist, is named from Ski(as) onar, the dream of a shadow; and Mr. Philpot,—who loves rivers, is Phil(o)pot(amos).
CHAPTER I. THE VILLA.
Captain Jamy. I wad full fain hear some question 'tween you tway.
Henry V. In one of those beautiful valleys, through which the Thames (not yet polluted by the tide, the scouring of cities, or even the minor defilement of the sandy streams of Surrey) rolls a clear flood through flowery meadows, under the shade of old beech woods, and the smooth mossy greensward of the chalk hills (which pour into it their tributary rivulets, as pure and pellucid as the fountain of Bandusium, or the wells of Scamander, by which the wives and daughters of the Trojans washed their splendid garments in the days of peace, before the coming of the Greeks); in one of those beautiful valleys, on a bold round-surfaced lawn, spotted with juniper, that opened itself in the bosom of an old wood, which rose with a steep, but not precipitous ascent, from the river to the summit of the hill, stood the castellated villa of a retired citizen. Ebenezer Mac Crotchet, Esquire, was the London-born offspring of a worthy native of the "north countrie," who had walked up to London on a commercial adventure, with all his surplus capital, not very neatly tied up in a not very clean handkerchief, suspended over his shoulder from the end of a hooked stick, extracted from the first hedge on his pilgrimage; and who, after having worked himself a step or two up the ladder of life,


: cf. F. inviter.
 See Vie.]

1. To ask; to request; to bid; to summon; to ask to do some act, or go to some place; esp., to ask to an entertainment or visit; to request the company of; as, to invite to dinner, or a wedding, or an excursion.

 So many guests invite as here are writ.

Shak.
 I invite his Grace of Castle Rackrent to reflect on this.

Carlyle.
2. To allure; to draw to; to tempt to come; to induce by pleasure or hope; to attract.

 To inveigle and invite the unwary sense.

Milton.
 Shady groves, that easy sleep invite.

Dryden.
 There no delusive hope invites despair.

Cowper.
3. To give occasion for; as, to invite criticism.

Syn. -- To solicit; bid; call; ask; summon; allure; attract; entice; persuade.

 In*vite", v. i. To give invitation. Milton.
 In*vite"ment (?), n. Invitation. [Obs.] Chapman.
 In*vit"er (?), n. One who, or that which, invites.

 In*vi"ti*ate (?), a. Not vitiated. Lowell.
 In*vit"ing (?), a. Alluring; tempting; as, an inviting amusement or prospect.

 Nothing is so easy and inviting as the retort of abuse and sarcasm.

W. Irving.
 -- In*vit"ing*ly, adv. -- In*vit"ing*ness, n. Jer.
 Taylor.
 In*vit"ri*fi'a*ble (?), a. Not admitting of being vitrified, or converted into glass. Kirwan.
 In"vo*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invocated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Invocating (?).] [L. invocatus, p. p. of invocare.
 See Invoke.] To invoke; to call on, or for, in supplication; to implore.

 If Dagon be thy god, Go to his temple, invocate his aid.

Milton.
 In'vo*ca"tion (?), n. [F. invocation, L. invocatio.]

1. The act or form of calling for the assistance or presence of some superior being; earnest and solemn entreaty; esp., prayer offered to a divine being.

 Sweet invocation of a child; most pretty and pathetical!

Shak.
 The whole poem is a prayer to Fortune, and the invocation is divided between the two deities.

Addison.
2. (Law) A call or summons; especially, a judicial call, demand, or order; as, the invocation of papers or evidence into court.

 In"vo*ca*to*ry (?), a. Making or containing invocation; invoking.

 In"voice' (?), n. [F. envois things sent, goods forwarded, pl. of envoi a sending or things sent, fr. envoyer to send; cf. F. lettre d'envoi letter of advice of goods forwarded. See Envoy.]

1. (Com.) A written account of the particulars of merchandise shipped or sent to a purchaser, consignee, factor, etc., with the value or prices and charges annexed. Wharton.
2. The lot or set of goods as shipped or received; as, the merchant receives a large invoice of goods.

 In"voice', v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invoiced (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Invoicing (?).] To make a written list or account of, as goods to be sent to a consignee; to insert in a priced list; to write or enter in an invoice.

 Goods, wares, and merchandise imported from Norway, and invoiced in the current dollar of Norway.

Madison.
 In*voke" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Invoked (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Invoking.] [F. invoquer, L. invocare; pref.
 inin, on + vocare to call, fr. vox voice. See Voice, and cf. Invocate.] To call on for aid or protection; to invite earnestly or solemnly; to summon; to address in prayer; to solicit or demand by invocation; to implore; as, to invoke the Supreme Being, or to invoke His and blessing.

 Go, my dread lord, to your great grandsire's tomb,... Invoke his warlike spirit.

Shak.
 In*vol"u*cel (?; 277), n. [Dim. of involucre, or involucrum: cf. F. involucelle.] (Bot.) A partial, secondary, or small involucre. See Illust. of Involucre.

 In'vo*lu"cel*late (?), a. (Bot.) Furnished with involucels.

 ||In'vo*lu*cel"lum (?), n.; pl. Involucella (#).
 [NL.] See Involucel.

 In'vo*lu"cral (?), a. [Cf. F. involucral.] Pertaining to, possessing, or like, an involucrum.

 { In'vo*lu"crate (?), In'vo*lu"cra*ted (?), } a. (Bot.)
 Having an involucre; involucred.

 In"vo*lu'cre (?; 277), n. [L. involucrum a covering, wrapper, fr. involvere to wrap up, envelop: cf. F. involucre.
 See Involve.] (Bot.) (a) A whorl or set of bracts around a flower, umbel, or head. (b) A continuous marginal covering of sporangia, in certain ferns, as in the common brake, or the cup-shaped processes of the filmy ferns. (c) The peridium or volva of certain fungi. Called also involucrum.

 In"vo*lu'cred (?), a. (Bot.) Having an involucre, as umbels, heads, etc. Martyn.
 In'vo*lu"cret (?), n. (Bot.) An involucel.

 ||In'vo*lu"crum (?), n.; pl. L. Involucra (#), E. Involucrums (#). [L. See Involucre.]

1. (Bot.) See Involucre.

2. (Zoöl.) A sheath which surrounds the base of the lasso cells in the Siphonophora.

 In*vol"un*ta*ri*ly (?), adv. [From Involuntary.] In an involuntary manner; not voluntarily; not intentionally or willingly.

 In*vol"un*ta*ri*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being involuntary; unwillingness; automatism.

 In*vol"un*ta*ry (?), a. [L. involuntarius. See Innot, and Voluntary.]

1. Not having will or the power of choice.

2. Not under the influence or control of the will; not voluntary; as, the involuntary movements of the body; involuntary muscle fibers.

3. Not proceeding from choice; done unwillingly; reluctant; compulsory; as, involuntary submission.

 { In"vo*lute (?), In"vo*lu'ted (?), } a. [L. involutus, p. p. of involvere. See Involve.] 1. (Bot.) Rolled inward from the edges; -- said of leaves in vernation, or of the petals of flowers in æstivation. Gray.
2. (Zoöl.) (a) Turned inward at the margin, as the exterior lip of the Cyprea. (b) Rolled inward spirally.

 In"vo*lute, n. (Geom.) A curve traced by the end of a string wound upon another curve, or unwound


under God.

South.
2. The person or persons deputed or commissioned by another person, party, or public body to act in his or its behalf; delegation; as, the general sent a deputation to the enemy to propose a truce.

By deputation, or In deputation, by delegated authority; as substitute; through the medium of a deputy. [Obs.]

 Say to great Cæsar this: In deputation I kiss his conquering hand.

Shak.
 Dep"u*ta'tor (?), n. One who deputes, or makes a deputation. [R.]
 Locke.
 De*pute" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deputed; p. pr.
 & vb. n. Deputing.] [F. députer, fr. L. deputare to esteem, consider, in LL., to destine, allot; de- + putare to clean, prune, clear up, set in order, reckon, think. See Pure.] 1.
 To appoint as deputy or agent; to commission to act in one's place; to delegate.

 There is no man deputed of the king to hear thee.

2. Sam. xv. 3.
 Some persons, deputed by a meeting.

Macaulay.
2. To appoint; to assign; to choose. [R.]

 The most conspicuous places in cities are usually deputed for the erection of statues.

Barrow.
 De*pute", n. A person deputed; a deputy. [Scot.]

 Dep"u*tize (dp"*tz), v. t. To appoint as one's deputy; to empower to act in one's stead; to depute.

 Dep"u*ty (-t), n.; pl. Deputies (#). [F. député, fr. LL. deputatus. See Depute.] 1. One appointed as the substitute of another, and empowered to act for him, in his name or his behalf; a substitute in office; a lieutenant; a representative; a delegate; a vicegerent; as, the deputy of a prince, of a sheriff, of a township, etc.

 There was then [in the days of Jehoshaphat] no king in Edom; a deputy was king.

1 Kings xxii. 47.
 God's substitute, His deputy anointed in His sight.

Shak.
Deputy is used in combination with the names of various executive officers, to denote an assistant empowered to act in their name; as, deputy collector, deputy marshal, deputy sheriff.

2. A member of the Chamber of Deputies. [France] Chamber of Deputies, one of the two branches of the French legislative assembly; -- formerly called Corps Législatif.
 Its members, called deputies, are elected by the people voting in districts.

Syn. -- Substitute; representative; legate; delegate; envoy; agent; factor.

 De*quan"ti*tate (?), v. t. [L. de- + quantitas, -atis.
 See Quantity.] To diminish the quantity of; to disquantity. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
 De*rac"i*nate (d*rs"*nt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deracinated (-n'td); p. pr. & vb. n. Deracinating (n'tng).] [F. déraciner; pref. dé- (L. dis) + racine root, fr. an assumed LL. radicina, fr. L. radix, radicis, root.] To pluck up by the roots; to extirpate. [R.]

 While that the colter rusts That should deracinate such savagery.

Shak.
 De*rac'i*na"tion (?), n. The act of pulling up by the roots; eradication. [R.]

 { De*raign", De*rain" } (?), v. t. [See Darraign.] (Old Law) To prove or to refute by proof; to clear (one's self). [Obs.]

 { De*raign"ment, De*rain"ment } (?), n. [See Darraign.] 1.
 The act of deraigning. [Obs.]

2. The renunciation of religious or monastic vows. [Obs.] Blount.
 De*rail" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Derailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Derailing.] To cause to run off from the rails of a railroad, as a locomotive. Lardner.
 De*rail"ment (?), n. The act of going off, or the state of being off, the rails of a railroad.

 De*range" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deranged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deranging.] [F. déranger; pref. dé- = dés- (L. dis) + ranger to range. See Range, and cf. Disarrange, Disrank.] 1. To put out of place, order, or rank; to disturb the proper arrangement or order of; to throw into disorder, confusion, or embarrassment; to disorder; to disarrange; as, to derange the plans of a commander, or the affairs of a nation.

2. To disturb in action or function, as a part or organ, or the whole of a machine or organism.

 A sudden fall deranges some of our internal parts.

Blair.
3. To disturb in the orderly or normal action of the intellect; to render insane.

Syn. -- To disorder; disarrange; displace; unsettle; disturb; confuse; discompose; ruffle; disconcert.

 De*ranged" (?), a. Disordered; especially, disordered in mind; crazy; insane.

 The story of a poor deranged parish lad.

Lamb.
 De*range"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. dérangement.] The act of deranging or putting out of order, or the state of being deranged; disarrangement; disorder; confusion; especially, mental disorder; insanity.

Syn. -- Disorder; confusion; embarrassment; irregularity; disturbance; insanity; lunacy; madness; delirium; mania. See Insanity.

 De*ran"ger (?), n. One who deranges.

 De*ray" (?), n. [OF. derroi, desroi, desrei; pref. des- (L. dis-) + roi, rei, rai, order. See Array.] Disorder; merriment. [Obs.]

 ||Der"bi*o (?), n. (Zoöl.) A large European food fish (Lichia glauca).

 Der"by (?; usually? in Eng.; 85), n. 1. A race for three-old horses, run annually at Epsom (near London), for the Derby stakes. It was instituted by the 12th Earl of Derby, in 1780.

Derby Day, the day of the annual race for the Derby stakes, -- Wednesday of the week before Whitsuntide.

2. A stiff felt hat with a dome-shaped crown.

 Der"by*shire spar" (?). (Min.) A massive variety of fluor spar, found in Derbyshire, England, and wrought into vases and other ornamental work.

 Der*do"ing (?), a. [See Dere, v. t.] Doing daring or chivalrous deeds. [Obs.] "In derdoing arms." Spenser.
 Dere (?), v. t. [AS. derian to hurt.] To hurt; to harm; to injure. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Dere, n. Harm. [Obs.] Robert of Brunne.
 { De*reine, De*reyne" (?) }, v. t. Same as Darraign. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Der"e*lict (?), a. [L. derelictus, p. p