and wash the pieces in vinegar, then cook them in butter, chopped onion, some bits of ham stock and a little salt. Half fill a wine-glass with sugar and add vinegar until the glass is three-quarters full mix the vinegar and sugar well together, and when the hare is browned all over and nearly cooked, pour the vinegar over it and add a dessert spoonful of grated chocolate a few shredded almonds and stoned raisins.
 Mix all well together and cook for a few minutes more. This is a favourite Roman dish.

 No. 151. Coniglio alla Provenzale (Rabbit) Ingredients: Rabbit, flour butter, stock, Chablis, parsley onion, spice, mushrooms.

 Cut up a rabbit, wipe the pieces, flour them over, and fry them in butter until they are coloured all over. Then pour a glass of Chablis over them, add some chopped parsley, half an onion, three mushrooms, salt, and a cup of good stock. Cover the stewpan and cook on a moderate fire for about three-quarters of an hour. Should the stew act too dry, add a spoonful of stock occasionally.

 No. 152. Coniglio arrostito alla Corradino (Roast Rabbit) Ingredients: Rabbit, pig's fry, butter, salt, pepper, fennel, bay leaf, onions.

 Make a stuffing of pig's fry (previously cooked in butter), salt, pepper, fennel, an onion, all chopped up, and a bay leaf. With this stuff a rabbit well and braize it for half an hour, then roast it before a brisk fire and baste it well with good gravy. If you like, put in a clove of garlic with one cut whilst it is being braized, but only leave it in for five minutes.
 Serve with ham sauce (Salsa di prosciutto, No. 7.) A fowl may be cooked in this way.

 No. 153. Coniglio in salsa Piccante (Rabbit) Ingredients: Rabbit, butter, flour, celery, parsley, onion, carrot, mushrooms, cloves, spices, Burgundy, stock, capers, anchovies.

 Cut up a rabbit, wipe the pieces well on a dishcloth, flour them over and put them into a frying-pan with two ounces of butter and fry for about ten minutes. Then add half a stick of celery, parsley, an onion, half a carrot, and three mushrooms, all cut up, three cloves, a pinch of spice and salt, a glass of Burgundy, and the same quantity of stock; cover the stewpan and cook for half an hour, then put the pieces of rabbit into another stewpan and pass the liquor through a sieve; press it well with a wooden spoon, so as to get as much through as possible, pour this over the rabbit and add four capers and an anchovy in brine pounded in a mortar, mix all well together, let it simmer for a few minutes, then serve hot with a garnish of croutons fried in butter.

 Vegetables No. 154. Asparagi alla salsa Suprema (Asparagus) Ingredients: Asparagus, butter, nutmeg, salt, supreme sauce (No. 16) gravy, lemon, Parmesan.

 Cut some asparagus into pieces about an inch long and cook them in boiling water with salt, then drain and put them into a saute pan with one and a half ounce of melted butter and sautez for a few minutes, but first add salt, a pinch of nutmeg, and a dust of grated cheese. Pour a little supreme sauce over them, and at the last add a little gravy, one ounce of fresh butter, and a squeeze of lemon juice.

 No. 155. Cavoli di Bruxelles alla Savoiarda (Brussels Sprouts) Ingredients: Brussels sprouts, butter, pepper, stock, Bechamel sauce, Parmesan, croutons.

 Take off the outside leaves of half a pound of Brussels sprouts, wash and boil them in salted water. Let them get cool, drain, and put them in a pie-dish with two ounces of fresh butter, a quarter pint of very good stock, a little pepper, and a dust of grated Parmesan. When they are well glazed over, pour off the sauce, season with three tablespoonsful of boiling Bechamel sauce (No. 3), and serve with croutons fried in butter.

 No. 156. Barbabietola alla Parmigiana (Beetroot) Ingredients: Beetroot, white sauce, Parmesan, Cheddar.

 Boil a beetroot till it is quite tender, peel it, cut into slices, put it in a fireproof dish, and cover it with a thick white sauce. Strew a little grated Parmesan and Cheddar over it. Put it in the oven for a few minutes, and serve very hot in the dish.

 No. 157. Fave alla Savoiarda (Beans) Ingredients: Beans, stock, a bunch of herbs, Bechamel sauce.

 Boil one pound of broad beans in salt and water, skin and cook them in a saucepan with a quarter pint of reduced stock and a hunch of herbs. Drain them, take out the herbs, and season with two glasses of Bechamel sauce (No. 3).

 No. 158. Verze alla Capuccina (Cabbage) Ingredients: Cabbage or greens, anchovies, salt, butter, parsley, gravy, Parmesan.

 Boil two cabbages in a good deal of water, and cut them into quarters. Fry two anchovies slightly in butter and chopped parsley, add the cabbages, and at the last three tablespoonsful of good gravy, two tablespoonsful of grated Parmesan, salt and pepper, and when cooked, serve.

 No. 159. Cavoli fiodi alla Lionese (Cauliflower) Ingredients: Cauliflower, butter, onions, parsley, lemon, Espagnole sauce.

 Blanch a cauliflower and boil it, but not too much. Cut up a small onion, fry it slightly in butter and chopped parsley, and when it is well coloured, add the cauliflower and finish cooking it, then take it out, put it in a dish, pour a good Espagnole sauce (No. 1) over it, and add a squeeze of lemon juice.

 No. 160. Cavoli fiodi fritti (Cauliflower) Ingredients: Cauliflower or broccoli, gravy, lemon, salt, eggs, butter.

 Break up a broccoli or cauliflower into little bunches, blanch them, and put them on the fire in a saucepan with good gravy for a few minutes, then marinate them with lemon juice and salt, let them get cold, egg them over, and fry in butter.

 No. 161. Cauliflower alla Parmigiana Ingredients: Cauliflower, butter, Parmesan, Cheddar, Espagnole, stock.

 Boil a cauliflower in salted water, then sautez it in butter, but be careful not to cook it too much. Take it off the fire and strew grated Parmesan and Cheddar over it then put in a fireproof dish and add a good spoonful of stock and one of Espagnole (No. 1), and put it in the oven for ten minutes.

 No. 162. Cavoli Fiori Ripieni Ingredients: Cauliflower, butter, stock, forcemeat of fowl, tongue, truffles, mushrooms, parsley, Espagnole, eggs.

 Break up a cauliflower into separate little bunches, blanch them, and put them in butter, and a quarter pint of reduced stock. Make a forcemeat of fowl, add bits of tongue, truffles, mushrooms, and parsley, all cut up small and mixed with butter. With this mask the pieces of cauliflower, egg and breadcrumb them, fry like croquettes, and serve with a good Espagnole sauce (No. 1).

 No. 163. Sedani alla Parmigiana (Celery) Ingredients: Celery, stock, ham, salt, pepper, Cheddar, Parmesan, butter,


ids who live principally in China.

2. sing. The language of China, which is monosyllabic.

Chineses was used as a plural by the contemporaries of Shakespeare and Milton.

 Chink (chk), n. [OE. chine, AS. cne fissure, chink, fr. cnan to gape; akin to Goth. Keinan to sprout, G. keimen.
 Cf. Chit.] A small cleft, rent, or fissure, of greater length than breadth; a gap or crack; as, the chinks of a wall.

 Through one cloudless chink, in a black, stormy sky. Shines out the dewy morning star. Macaulay.
 Chink, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chinked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Chinking.] To crack; to open.

 Chink, v. t. 1. To cause to open in cracks or fissures.

2. To fill up the chinks of; as, to chink a wall.

 Chink, n. [Of imitative origin. Cf. Jingle.] 1. A short, sharp sound, as of metal struck with a slight degree of violence. "Chink of bell." Cowper.
2. Money; cash. [Cant] "To leave his chink to better hands."
 Somerville.
 Chink, v. t. To cause to make a sharp metallic sound, as coins, small pieces of metal, etc., by bringing them into collision with each other. Pope.
 Chink, v. i. To make a slight, sharp, metallic sound, as by the collision of little pieces of money, or other small sonorous bodies. Arbuthnot.
 Chink"y (?), a. Full of chinks or fissures; gaping; opening in narrow clefts. Dryden.
 Chinned (chnd), a. Having a chin; -- used chiefly in compounds; as, shortchinned.

 Chi*noid"ine (?), n. [NL. chinium quinine (cf. G. & F. china Peruvian bark) + --oil + -ine.] (Chem.)
 See Quinodine.

 Chin"o*line (?), n. [NL. chinium quinine (see Chinoldine) + L. oleum oil + -ine.] (Chem.) See Quinoline.

 Chi"none (?), n. [NL. chinium quinine (see Chinoidine.) + -one.]
 (Chem.) See Quinone.

 Chi*nook" (?), n. 1. (Ethnol.) One of a tribe of North American Indians now living in the state of Washington, noted for the custom of flattening their skulls. Chinooks also called Flathead Indians.

2. A warm westerly wind from the country of the Chinooks, sometimes experienced on the slope of the Rocky Mountains, in Montana and the adjacent territory.

3. A jargon of words from various languages (the largest proportion of which is from that of the Chinooks) generally understood by all the Indian tribes of the northwestern territories of the United States.

 Chin"qua*pin (?), n. (Bot.) A branching, nut-bearing tree or shrub (Castanea pumila) of North America, from six to twenty feet high, allied to the chestnut. Also, its small, sweet, edible nat. [Written also chincapin and chinkapin.]

Chinquapin oak, a small shrubby oak (Quercus prinoides) of the Atlantic States, with edible acorns. -- Western Chinquapin, an evergreen shrub or tree (Castanopes chrysophylla) of the Pacific coast. In California it is a shrub; in Oregon a tree 30 to 125 feet high.

 Chinse (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Chinsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Chinsing.] (Naut.) To thrust oakum into (seams or chinks) with a chisel, the point of a knife, or a chinsing iron; to calk slightly.

Chinsing iron, a light calking iron.

 Chintz (?), n.; pl. Chintzes (#). [Hindi chnt spotted cotton clooth, chnt spot.] Cotton cloth, printed with flowers and other devices, in a number of different colors, and often glazed. Swift.
 Chiop*pine" (?), n. Same as Chopine, n. Chip (chp), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chipped (chpt); p. pr. & vb. n. Chipping.] [Cf. G. kippen to cut off the edge, to clip, pare. Cf. Chop to cut.] 1. To cut small pieces from; to diminish or reduce to shape, by cutting away a little at a time; to hew.
 Shak.
2. To break or crack, or crack off a portion of, as of an eggshell in hatching, or a piece of crockery.

3. To bet, as with chips in the game of poker.

To chip in, to contribute, as to a fund; to share in the risks or expenses of. [Slang. U. S.]

 Chip, v. i. To break or fly off in small pieces.

 Chip, n. 1. A piece of wood, stone, or other substance, separated by an ax, chisel, or cutting instrument.

2. A fragment or piece broken off; a small piece.

3. Wood or Cuban palm leaf split into slips, or straw plaited in a special manner, for making hats or bonnets.

4. Anything dried up, withered, or without flavor; -- used contemptuously.

5. One of the counters used in poker and other games.

6. (Naut.) The triangular piece of wood attached to the log line.

Buffalo chips. See under Buffalo. -- Chip ax, a small ax for chipping timber into shape. -- Chip bonnet, Chip hat, a bonnet or a hat made of Chip. See Chip, n., 3. -- A chip off the old block, a child who resembles either of his parents. [Colloq.] Milton.
 -- Potato chips, Saratoga chips, thin slices of raw potato fried crisp.

 Chip"munk' (?), n. [Indian name.] (Zoöl.) A squirrel-like animal of the genus Tamias, sometimes called the striped squirrel, chipping squirrel, ground squirrel, hackee.
 The common species of the United States is the Tamias striatus.
 [Written also chipmonk, chipmuck, and chipmuk.]

 Chip"per (?), v. i. [Cf. Cheep, Chirp.] To chirp or chirrup. [Prov.
 Eng.] Forby.
 Chip"per, a. Lively; cheerful; talkative. [U. S.]

 Chip"pe*ways (?), n. pl.; sing. Chippeway. (Ethnol.)
 A tribe of Indians formerly inhabiting the northern and western shores of Lake Superior; -- called also Objibways.

 Chip"ping (?), n. 1. A chip; a piece separated by a cutting or graving instrument; a fragment.

2. The act or process of cutting or breaking off small pieces, as in dressing iron with a chisel, or reducing a timber or block of stone to shape.

3. The breaking off in small pieces of the edges of potter's ware, porcelain, etc.

 Chip"ping bird' (?). (Zoöl.) The chippy.

 Chip"ping squir"rel (?). See Chipmunk.

 Chip"py (?), a. Abounding in, or resembling, chips; dry and tasteless.

 Chip"py (?), n. (Zoöl.) A small American sparrow (Spizella socialis), very common near dwelling; -- also called chipping bird and chipping sparrow, from its simple note.

 Chips (?), n


Source (?), n. [OE. sours, OF. sourse, surse, sorse, F. source, fr. OF. sors, p. p. of OF. sordre, surdre, sourdre, to spring forth or up, F. sourdre, fr. L. surgere to lift or raise up, to spring up. See Surge, and cf. Souse to plunge or swoop as a bird upon its prey.] 1. The act of rising; a rise; an ascent. [Obs.]

 Therefore right as an hawk upon a sours Up springeth into the air, right so prayers... Maken their sours to Goddes ears two.

Chaucer.
2. The rising from the ground, or beginning, of a stream of water or the like; a spring; a fountain.

 Where as the Poo out of a welle small Taketh his firste springing and his sours.

Chaucer.
 Kings that rule Behind the hidden sources of the Nile.

Addison.
3. That from which anything comes forth, regarded as its cause or origin; the person from whom anything originates; first cause.

 This source of ideas every man has wholly in himself.

Locke.
 The source of Newton's light, of Bacon's sense.

Pope.
Syn. -- See Origin.

 Sour"crout' (?), n. See Sauerkraut.

 Sourde (?), v. i. [F. sourdre. See Source.] To have origin or source; to rise; to spring. [Obs.]

 Now might men ask whereof that pride sourdeth.

Chaucer.
 Sour"ing (?), n. (Bot.) Any sour apple.

 Sour"ish, a. Somewhat sour; moderately acid; as, sourish fruit; a sourish taste.

 Sour"krout' (?), n. Same as Sauerkraut.

 Sour"ly, adv. In a sour manner; with sourness.

 Sour"ness, n. The quality or state of being sour.

 Sours (?), n. Source. See Source. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Sour"sop' (?), n. (Bot.) The large succulent and slightly acid fruit of a small tree (Anona muricata) of the West Indies; also, the tree itself. It is closely allied to the custard apple.

 Sour"wood' (?), n. (Bot.) The sorrel tree.

 { Sous, Souse } (F. s; colloq. Eng. sous), n. A corrupt form of Sou. [Obs.] Colman, the Elder.
 Souse (?), n. [OF. sausse. See Sauce.] [Written also souce, sowce, and sowse.] 1. Pickle made with salt.

2. Something kept or steeped in pickle; esp., the pickled ears, feet, etc., of swine.

 And he that can rear up a pig in his house, Hath cheaper his bacon, and sweeter his souse.

Tusser.
3. The ear; especially, a hog's ear. [Prov. Eng.]

4. The act of sousing; a plunging into water.

 Souse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Soused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sousing.] [Cf. F. saucer to wet with sauce. See Souse pickle.] 1. To steep in pickle; to pickle. "A soused gurnet." Shak.
2. To plunge or immerse in water or any liquid.

 They soused me over head and ears in water.

Addison.
3. To drench, as by an immersion; to wet throughly.

 Although I be well soused in this shower.

Gascoigne.
 Souse, v. i. [Probably fr. OF. sors, p. p. of sordre to rise, and first used of an upward swood, then of a swoop in general, but also confused with Souse, v. t. See Source.] To swoop or plunge, as a bird upon its prey; to fall suddenly; to rush with speed; to make a sudden attack.

 For then I viewed his plunge and souse Into the foamy main.

Marston.
 Jove's bird will souse upon the timorous hare.

J. Dryden. Jr.
 Souse, v. t. To pounce upon. [R.]

 [The gallant monarch] like eagle o'er his serie towers, To souse annoyance that comes near his nest.

Shak.
 Souse, n. The act of sousing, or swooping.

 As a falcon fair That once hath failed or her souse full near.

Spenser.
 Souse, adv. With a sudden swoop; violently. Young.
 Sous"lik (?), n. [F.] (Zoöl.) See Suslik.

 Sout (?), n. Soot. [Obs.] Spenser.
 ||Sou'tache" (?), n. [F.] A kind of narrow braid, usually of silk; -- also known as Russian braid.

 Sout"age (? or?; 48), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] That in which anything is packed; bagging, as for hops. [Obs.] Halliwell.
 ||Sou'tane" (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. sotana, or It. sottana, LL. subtana, fr. L. subtus below, beneath, fr. sub under.] (Eccl. Costume) A close garnment with straight sleeves, and skirts reaching to the ankles, and buttoned in front from top to bottom; especially, the black garment of this shape worn by the clergy in France and Italy as their daily dress; a cassock.

 Sou"ter (?), n. [AS. s&?;t&?;re, fr. It. sutor, fr. suere to sew.] A shoemaker; a cobbler. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 There is no work better than another to please God:... to wash dishes, to be a souter, or an apostle, -- all is one.

Tyndale.
 Sou"ter*ly, a. Of or pertaining to a cobbler or cobblers; like a cobbler; hence, vulgar; low. [Obs.]

 Sou"ter*rain (?), n. [F. See Subterranean.] A grotto or cavern under ground. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.
 South (?; by sailors sou), n. [OE. south, suþ, AS. sð for sunð; akin to D. zuid, OHG. sund, G. süd, süden, Icel. suðr, sunnr, Dan. syd, sönden, Sw. syd, söder, sunnan; all probably akin to E. sun, meaning, the side towards the sun.
 √297. See Sun.] 1. That one of the four cardinal points directly opposite to the north; the region or direction to the right or direction to the right of a person who faces the east.

2. A country, region, or place situated farther to the south than another; the southern section of a country. "The queen of the south."
 Matt. xii. 42.
3. Specifically: That part of the United States which is south of Mason and Dixon's line. See under Line.

4. The wind from the south. [Obs.] Shak.
 South, a. Lying toward the south; situated at the south, or in a southern direction from the point of observation or reckoning; proceeding toward the south, or coming from the south; blowing from the south; southern; as, the south pole. "At the south entry." Shak.
South-Sea tea (Bot.) See Yaupon.

 South, adv. 1. Toward the south; southward.

2. From the south; as, the wind blows south. Bacon.
 South (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Southed (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Southing.] 1. To turn or move toward the south; to veer toward the south.

2. (Astron.) To come to the meridian; to cross the north and


animals belonging to various classes, as the Rotifera, which are worms; and the Rhizopoda, which constitute a distinct class of Protozoa. Fossil Infusoria are mostly the siliceous shells of diatoms; sometimes they are siliceous skeletons of Radiolaria, or the calcareous shells of Foraminifera.

 In'fu*so"ri*al (?), a. (Zoöl.) Belonging to the Infusoria; composed of, or containing, Infusoria; as, infusorial earth.

Infusorial earth (Geol.), a deposit of fine, usually white, siliceous material, composed mainly of the shells of the microscopic plants called diatoms. It is used in polishing powder, and in the manufacture of dynamite.

 In'fu*so"ri*an (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Infusoria.

 In*fu"so*ry (?), a. (Zoöl.) Infusorial.

 In*fu"so*ry (?), n.; pl. Infusories (&?;). (Zoöl.)
 One of the Infusoria; -- usually in the pl.
 -ing (?). 1. [For OE. -and, - end, -ind, AS.
 -ende; akin to Goth. -and-, L. -ant-, -ent-, Gr. &?;.] A suffix used to from present participles; as, singing, playing.

2. [OE. -ing, AS. -ing, - ung.] A suffix used to form nouns from verbs, and signifying the act of; the result of the act; as, riding, dying, feeling. It has also a secondary collective force; as, shipping, clothing.

 The Old English ending of the present participle and verbal noun became confused, both becoming -ing.

3. [AS. -ing.] A suffix formerly used to form diminutives; as, lording, farthing.

 Ing (?), n. [AS. ing.] A pasture or meadow; generally one lying low, near a river. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

 In'gan*na"tion (?), n. [LL. ingannare to decieve.] Cheat; deception. [Obs.] Sir T. Brown.
 In"gate' (&?;), n. 1. Entrance; ingress. [Obs.]

 Which hath in charge the ingate of the year.

Spenser.
2. (Founding) The aperture in a mold for pouring in the metal; the gate. Simmonds.
 In"gath'er*ing (?), n. The act or business of gathering or collecting anything; especially, the gathering of the fruits of the earth; harvest.

 Thou shalt keep... the feast of ingathering.

Ex. xxii. 16.
 In*gel"a*ble (?), a. Not congealable.

 In*gem"i*nate (?), a. [L. ingeminatus, p. p.] Redoubled; repeated. Jer. Taylor.
 In*gem"i*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ingeminated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ingeminating (?).] [L. ingeminatus, p. p. of ingeminare to double; pref. inin + geminare.
 See Geminate.] To redouble or repeat; to reiterate. Clarendon.
 ... She yet ingeminates The last of sounds, and what she hears relates.

Sandys.
 In*gem'i*na"tion (?), n. Repetition; reduplication; reiteration. De Quincey.
 That Sacred ingemination, Amen, Amen.

Featley.
 Happiness with an echo or ingemination.

Holdsworth.
 ||In*ge"na (?), n. (Zoöl.) The gorilla.

 In*gen"der (?), v. t. See Engender.

 In*gen'er*a*bil"l*ty (?), n. Incapacity of being engendered or produced. Cudworth.
 In*gen"er*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. innot + generable: cf. F. ingenerable.] Incapable of being engendered or produced; original. Holland.
 In*gen"er*a*bly, adv. In an ingenerable manner.

 In*gen"er*ate (?), a. [L. ingeneratus, p. p. of ingenerare.
 See engender] Generated within; inborn; innate; as, ingenerate powers of body. W. Wotton.
 Those virtues were rather feigned and affected... than true qualities ingenerate in his judgment.

Bacon.
 In*gen"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ingenerat (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ingenerating (?).] To generate or produce within; to beget; to engender; to occasion; to cause. Mede.
 Those noble habits are ingenerated in the soul.

Sir M. Hale.
 In*gen'er*a"tion (?), n. Act of ingenerating.

 In*ge"ni*ate (?), v. t. & i. [See Ingenious.] To invent; to contrive. [Obs.] Daniel.
 In"ge*nie (?), n. [Obs.] See Ingeny.

 In*ge'ni*os"i*ty (?), n. [LL. ingeniositas.] Ingenuity; skill; cunning. [Obs.] Cudworth.
 In*gen"ious (?), a. [L. ingeniosus, fr. ingenium innate or natural quality, natural capacity, genius: cf. F. ingénieux.
 See Engine.] 1. Possessed of genius, or the faculty of invention; skillful or promp to invent; having an aptitude to contrive, or to form new combinations; as, an ingenious author, mechanic.

 A man... very wise and ingenious in feats of war.

Hakluyt.
 Thou, king, send out For torturers ingenious.

Shak.
 The more ingenious men are, the more apt are they to trouble themselves.

Sir W. Temple.
2. Proceeding from, pertaining to, or characterized by, genius or ingenuity; of curious design, structure, or mechanism; as, an ingenious model, or machine; an ingenious scheme, contrivance, etc.

 Thus men go wrong with an ingenious skill.

Cowper.
3. Witty; shrewd; adroit; keen; sagacious; as, an ingenious reply.

4. Mental; intellectual. [Obs.]

 A course of learning and ingenious studies.

Shak.
 In*gen"ious*ly (?), adv. In an ingenious manner; with ingenuity; skillfully; wittily; cleverly.

 "Too ingeniously politic."

Sir W. Temple.
 In*gen"ious*ness, n. The quality or state of being ingenious; ingenuity.

 { In*gen"ite, In*gen"it } (?), a. [L. ingenitus, p. p. of ingignere to instill by birth or nature; pref. in- + gignere to beget.] Innate; inborn; inbred; inherent; native; ingenerate. [Obs.]

 It is natural or ingenite, which comes by some defect of the organs and overmuch brain.

Burton.
 In'ge*nu"i*ty (?), n. [L. ingenuitas ingenuousness: cf. F. ingénuité. See Ingenuous.] 1. The quality or power of ready invention; quickness or acuteness in forming new combinations; ingeniousness; skill in devising or combining.

 All the means which human ingenuity has contrived.

Blair.
2. Curiousness, or cleverness in design or contrivance; as, the ingenuity


often employed with the participle agreed. "The jury were agreed." Macaulay. "Can two walk together, except they be agreed?" Amos iii. 3. The principal intransitive uses were probably derived from the transitive verb used reflexively. "I agree me well to your desire." Ld. Berners.
Syn. -- To assent; concur; consent; acquiesce; accede; engage; promise; stipulate; contract; bargain; correspond; harmonize; fit; tally; coincide; comport.

 A*gree" (&?;), v. t. 1. To make harmonious; to reconcile or make friends. [Obs.] Spenser.
2. To admit, or come to one mind concerning; to settle; to arrange; as, to agree the fact; to agree differences. [Obs.]

 A*gree'a*bil"i*ty (&?;), n. [OF. agreablete.] 1.
 Easiness of disposition. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. The quality of being, or making one's self, agreeable; agreeableness. Thackeray.
 A*gree"a*ble (&?;), a. [F. agréable.] 1.
 Pleasing, either to the mind or senses; pleasant; grateful; as, agreeable manners or remarks; an agreeable person; fruit agreeable to the taste.

 A train of agreeable reveries. Goldsmith.
2. Willing; ready to agree or consent. [Colloq.]

 These Frenchmen give unto the said captain of Calais a great sum of money, so that he will be but content and agreeable that they may enter into the said town. Latimer.
3. Agreeing or suitable; conformable; correspondent; concordant; adapted; -- followed by to, rarely by with.

 That which is agreeable to the nature of one thing, is many times contrary to the nature of another. L'Estrange.
4. In pursuance, conformity, or accordance; -- in this sense used adverbially for agreeably; as, agreeable to the order of the day, the House took up the report.

Syn. -- Pleasing; pleasant; welcome; charming; acceptable; amiable.
 See Pleasant.

 A*gree"a*ble*ness, n. 1. The quality of being agreeable or pleasing; that quality which gives satisfaction or moderate pleasure to the mind or senses.

 That author... has an agreeableness that charms us. Pope.
2. The quality of being agreeable or suitable; suitableness or conformity; consistency.

 The agreeableness of virtuous actions to human nature. Pearce.
3. Resemblance; concordance; harmony; -- with to or between.
 [Obs.]

 The agreeableness between man and the other parts of the universe. Grew.
 A*gree"a*bly, adv. 1. In an agreeably manner; in a manner to give pleasure; pleasingly. "Agreeably entertained." Goldsmith.
2. In accordance; suitably; consistently; conformably; -- followed by to and rarely by with. See Agreeable, 4.

 The effect of which is, that marriages grow less frequent, agreeably to the maxim above laid down. Paley.
3. Alike; similarly. [Obs.]

 Both clad in shepherds' weeds agreeably. Spenser.
 A*gree"ing*ly, adv. In an agreeing manner (to); correspondingly; agreeably. [Obs.]

 A*gree"ment (&?;), n. [Cf. F. agrément.] 1.
 State of agreeing; harmony of opinion, statement, action, or character; concurrence; concord; conformity; as, a good agreement subsists among the members of the council.

 What agreement hath the temple of God with idols? 2 Cor.
 vi. 16.
 Expansion and duration have this further agreement. Locke.
2. (Gram.) Concord or correspondence of one word with another in gender, number, case, or person.

3. (Law) (a) A concurrence in an engagement that something shall be done or omitted; an exchange of promises; mutual understanding, arrangement, or stipulation; a contract. (b) The language, oral or written, embodying reciprocal promises. Abbott.
 Brande & C. Syn. -- Bargain; contract; compact; stipulation.

 A*gre"er (&?;), n. One who agrees.

 A*gres"tic (&?;), a. [L. agrestis, fr. ager field.] Pertaining to fields or the country, in opposition to the city; rural; rustic; unpolished; uncouth. "Agrestic behavior." Gregory.
 A*gres"tic*al (&?;), a. Agrestic. [Obs.]

 A*gric'o*la"tion (&?;), n. [L., agricolatio.]
 Agriculture. [Obs.] Bailey.
 A*gric"o*list (&?;), n. A cultivator of the soil; an agriculturist. Dodsley.
 Ag"ri*cul'tor (&?;), n. [L., fr. ager field + cultor cultivator.] An agriculturist; a farmer. [R.]

 Ag'ri*cul"tur*al (&?;), a. Of or pertaining to agriculture; connected with, or engaged in, tillage; as, the agricultural class; agricultural implements, wages, etc. -- Ag'ri*cul"tur*al*ly, adv.
Agricultural ant (Zoöl.), a species of ant which gathers and stores seeds of grasses, for food. The remarkable species (Myrmica barbata) found in Texas clears circular areas and carefully cultivates its favorite grain, known as ant rice.

 Ag'ri*cul"tur*al*ist, n. An agriculturist (which is the preferred form.)

 Ag"ri*cul'ture (?; 135), n. [L. agricultura; ager field + cultura cultivation: cf. F. agriculture. See Acre and Culture.] The art or science of cultivating the ground, including the harvesting of crops, and the rearing and management of live stock; tillage; husbandry; farming.

 Ag'ri*cul"tur*ism (&?;), n. Agriculture. [R.]

 Ag'ri*cul"tur*ist, n. One engaged or skilled in agriculture; a husbandman.

 The farmer is always a practitioner, the agriculturist may be a mere theorist. Crabb.
 A*grief" (&?;), adv. [Pref. a- + grief.] In grief; amiss. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Ag"ri*mo*ny (&?;), n. [OE. agremoyne, OF. aigremoine, L. agrimonia for argemonia, fr. Gr. &?;.] (Bot.)
(a) A genus of plants of the Rose family. (b) The name is also given to various other plants; as, hemp agrimony (Eupatorium cannabinum); water agrimony (Bidens).

 The Agrimonia eupatoria, or common agrimony, a perennial herb with a spike of yellow flowers, was once esteemed as a medical remedy, but is now seldom used.


. [It. duello, fr. L. duellum, orig., a contest between two, which passed into the common form bellum war, fr. duo two: cf. F. duel. See Bellicose, Two, and cf.
 Duello.] A combat between two persons, fought with deadly weapons, by agreement. It usually arises from an injury done or an affront given by one to the other.

Trial by duel (Old Law), a combat between two persons for proving a cause; trial by battel.

 Du"el, v. i. & t. To fight in single combat. [Obs.]

 Du"el*er, n. One who engages in a duel. [R.] [Written also dueller.]
 South.
 Du"el*ing, n. The act or practice of fighting in single combat.
 Also adj. [Written also duelling.]

 Du"el*ist (?), n. [F. duelliste.] One who fights in single combat. [Written also duellist.]

 A duelist... always values himself upon his courage, his sense of honor, his fidelity and friendship.

Hume.
 ||Du*e"lo (?), n. [It. See Duel.] A duel; also, the rules of dueling. [Obs.] Shak.
 ||Du*e"ña (?), n. [Sp.] See Doña.

 Due"ness (?), n. Quality of being due; debt; what is due or becoming. T. Goodwin.
 Du*en"na (?), n.; pl. Duennas (#). [Sp. dueña, doña, fr. L. domina. See Dame.] 1. The chief lady in waiting on the queen of Spain. Brande.
2. An elderly lady holding a station between a governess and companion, and appointed to have charge over the younger ladies in a Spanish or a Portuguese family. Brande & C.
3. Any old woman who is employed to guard a younger one; a governess. Arbuthnot.
 Du*et" (?), n. [Duetto.] (Mus.) A composition for two performers, whether vocal or instrumental.

 ||Du'et*ti"no (?), n. [It., dim. fr. duetto a duet.] A duet of short extent and concise form.

 ||Du*et"to (?), n. [It., fr. It & L. duo two. See Two.]
 See Duet.

 Duff (df), n. [From OE. dagh. √67. See Dough.] 1.
 Dough or paste. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
2. A stiff flour pudding, boiled in a bag; -- a term used especially by seamen; as, plum duff.

 Duf"fel (?), n. [D. duffel, from Duffel, a town not far from Antwerp.] A kind of coarse woolen cloth, having a thick nap or frieze. [Written also duffle.]

 Good duffel gray and flannel fine.

 Wordsworth.
 Duf"fer (?), n. 1. A peddler or hawker, especially of cheap, flashy articles, as sham jewelry; hence, a sham or cheat. [Slang, Eng.] Halliwell.
2. A stupid, awkward, inefficient person.[Slang] Duf"fle (?), n. See Duffel.

 Du*fren"ite (?), n. [From &?;&?;ierre Armand Dufrénoy, a French geologist.] (Min.) A mineral of a blackish green color, commonly massive or in nodules. It is a hydrous phosphate of iron.

 Dug (dg), n. [Akin to Sw. dägga to suckle (a child), Dan. dægge, and prob. to Goth. daddjan. √66.] A teat, pap, or nipple; -- formerly that of a human mother, now that of a cow or other beast.

 With mother's dug between its lips.

Shak.
 Dug, imp. & p. p. of Dig.

 Du*gong" (d*gg"), n. [Malayan d&?;y&?;ng, or Javan.
 duyung.] (Zoöl.) An aquatic herbivorous mammal (Halicore dugong), of the order Sirenia, allied to the manatee, but with a bilobed tail. It inhabits the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, East Indies, and Australia. [Written also duyong.]

 Dug"out' (dg"out), n. 1. A canoe or boat dug out from a large log. [U.S.]

 A man stepped from his slender dugout.

 G. W. Cable.
2. A place dug out.

3. A house made partly in a hillside or slighter elevation.
 [Western U.S.] Bartlett.
 Dug"way' (?), n. A way or road dug through a hill, or sunk below the surface of the land. [U.S.]

 Duke (?) n. [F. duc, fr. L. dux, ducis, leader, commander, fr. ducere to lead; akin to AS. teón to draw; cf. AS. heretoga (here army) an army leader, general, G. herzog duke. See Tue, and cf. Doge, Duchess, Ducat, Duct, Adduce, Deduct.] 1. A leader; a chief; a prince. [Obs.]

 Hannibal, duke of Carthage.

Sir T. Elyot.
 All were dukes once, who were "duces" -- captains or leaders of their people.

Trench.
2. In England, one of the highest order of nobility after princes and princesses of the royal blood and the four archbishops of England and Ireland.

3. In some European countries, a sovereign prince, without the title of king.

Duke's coronet. See Illust. of Coronet. -- To dine with Duke Humphrey, to go without dinner. See under Dine.

 Duke, v. i. To play the duke. [Poetic] Lord Angelo dukes it well in his absence.

 Shak.
 Duke"dom (?), n. 1. The territory of a duke.

2. The title or dignity of a duke. Shak.
 Duke"ling, n. A little or insignificant duke. Ford.
 Duke"ship, n. The quality or condition of being a duke; also, the personality of a duke. Massinger.
 Dul'ca*ma"ra (?), n. [NL., fr. L. dulcis sweet + amarus bitter.] (Bot.) A plant (Solanum Dulcamara). See Bittersweet, n., 3 (a).

 Dul'ca*ma"rin (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside extracted from the bittersweet (Solanum Dulcamara), as a yellow amorphous substance.
 It probably occasions the compound taste. See Bittersweet, 3(a).

 Dulce (?), v. t. To make sweet; to soothe. [Obs.]

 Dulce"ness, n. Sweetness. [Obs.] Bacon.
 Dul"cet (?), a. [OF. doucet, dim. of dous sweet, F. doux, L. dulcis; akin to Gr. &?;. Cf. Doucet.] 1.
 Sweet to the taste; luscious. [Obs.]

 She tempers dulcet creams.

Milton.
2. Sweet to the ear; melodious; harmonious.

 Their dainty lays and dulcet melody.

Spenser.
 ||Dul'ci*an"a (?), n. [NL., fr. L. dulcis sweet.] (Mus.)
 A sweet-toned stop of an organ.

 Dul'ci*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. dulcification


Tennyson.
3. To guess; to light upon or discover. "Thou hast hit it."
 Shak.
4. (Backgammon) To take up, or replace by a piece belonging to the opposing player; -- said of a single unprotected piece on a point.

To hit off, to describe with quick characteristic strokes; as, to hit off a speaker. Sir W. Temple. -- To hit out, to perform by good luck. [Obs.] Spenser.
 Hit (?), v. i. 1. To meet or come in contact; to strike; to clash; -- followed by against or on.

 If bodies be extension alone, how can they move and hit one against another?

Locke.
 Corpuscles, meeting with or hitting on those bodies, become conjoined with them.

Woodward.
2. To meet or reach what was aimed at or desired; to succeed, -- often with implied chance, or luck.

 And oft it hits Where hope is coldest and despair most fits.

Shak.
 And millions miss for one that hits.

Swift.
To hit on or upon, to light upon; to come to by chance.
 "None of them hit upon the art." Addison.
 Hit, n. 1. A striking against; the collision of one body against another; the stroke that touches anything.

 So he the famed Cilician fencer praised, And, at each hit, with wonder seems amazed.

Dryden.
2. A stroke of success in an enterprise, as by a fortunate chance; as, he made a hit.

 What late he called a blessing, now was wit, And God's good providence, a lucky hit.

Pope.
3. A peculiarly apt expression or turn of thought; a phrase which hits the mark; as, a happy hit.

4. A game won at backgammon after the adversary has removed some of his men. It counts less than a gammon.

5. (Baseball) A striking of the ball; as, a safe hit; a foul hit; -- sometimes used specifically for a base hit.

Base hit, Safe hit, Sacrifice hit. (Baseball) See under Base, Safe, etc.

 Hitch (hch), v. t. [Cf. Scot. hitch a motion by a jerk, and hatch, hotch, to move by jerks, also Prov. G. hiksen, G. hinken, to limp, hobble; or E. hiccough; or possibly akin to E. hook.] 1. To become entangled or caught; to be linked or yoked; to unite; to cling.

 Atoms... which at length hitched together.

South.
2. To move interruptedly or with halts, jerks, or steps; -- said of something obstructed or impeded.

 Slides into verse, and hitches in a rhyme.

Pope.
 To ease themselves... by hitching into another place.

Fuller.
3. To hit the legs together in going, as horses; to interfere.
 [Eng.] Halliwell.
 Hitch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hitched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hitching.] 1. To hook; to catch or fasten as by a hook or a knot; to make fast, unite, or yoke; as, to hitch a horse, or a halter.

2. To move with hitches; as, he hitched his chair nearer.

To hitch up. (a) To fasten up. (b) To pull or raise with a jerk; as, a sailor hitches up his trousers. (c) To attach, as a horse, to a vehicle; as, hitch up the gray mare.
 [Colloq.]

 Hitch, n. 1. A catch; anything that holds, as a hook; an impediment; an obstacle; an entanglement.

2. The act of catching, as on a hook, etc.

3. A stop or sudden halt; a stoppage; an impediment; a temporary obstruction; an obstacle; as, a hitch in one's progress or utterance; a hitch in the performance.

4. A sudden movement or pull; a pull up; as, the sailor gave his trousers a hitch.

5. (Naut.) A knot or noose in a rope which can be readily undone; -- intended for a temporary fastening; as, a half hitch; a clove hitch; a timber hitch, etc.

6. (Geol.) A small dislocation of a bed or vein.

 Hitch"el (?), n. & v. t. See Hatchel.

 Hithe (h), n. [AS. hð. Cf. Hide to conceal.] A port or small haven; -- used in composition; as, Lambhithe, now Lambeth.
 Pennant.
 Hith"er (?), adv. [OE. hider, AS. hider; akin to Icel. hðra, Dan. hid, Sw. hit, Goth. hidr; cf. L. citra on this side, or E. here, he. √183.
 Cf. He.]

1. To this place; -- used with verbs signifying motion, and implying motion toward the speaker; correlate of hence and thither; as, to come or bring hither.

2. To this point, source, conclusion, design, etc.; -- in a sense not physical.

Hither we refer whatsoever belongeth unto the highest perfection of man.

Hooker.
Hither and thither, to and fro; backward and forward; in various directions. "Victory is like a traveller, and goeth hither and thither."
 Knolles.
 Hith"er, a. 1. Being on the side next or toward the person speaking; nearer; -- correlate of thither and farther; as, on the hither side of a hill. Milton.
2. Applied to time: On the hither side of, younger than; of fewer years than.

 And on the hither side, or so she looked, Of twenty summers.

Tennyson.
 To the present generation, that is to say, the people a few years on the hither and thither side of thirty, the name of Charles Darwin stands alongside of those of Isaac Newton and Michael Faraday.

Huxley.
 Hith"er*most' (?), a. Nearest on this side. Sir M. Hale.
 Hith"er*to' (?), adv. 1. To this place; to a prescribed limit.

Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further.

Job xxxviii. 11.
2. Up to this time; as yet; until now.

 The Lord hath blessed me hitherto.

Josh. xvii. 14.
 Hith"er*ward (?), adv. [AS. hiderweard.] Toward this place; hither.

 Marching hitherward in proud array.

Shak.
 Hit"ter (?), n. One who hits or strikes; as, a hard hitter.

 Hive (?), n. [OE. hive, huve, AS. h&?;fe.]
 1. A box, basket, or other structure, for the reception and habitation of a swarm of honeybees. Dryden.
2. The bees of one hive; a swarm of bees. Shak.
3. A place swarming with busy occupants; a crowd.

 The hive of Roman liars.

Tennyson.
Hive bee (Zoöl.), the honeybee.

 Hive, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hived (?); p. pr. & vb.
 n. Hiving.] 1. To collect into a hive; to place in, or cause to enter, a hive; as, to hive a swarm of bees.

2. To store up in a hive, as honey; hence, to gather and accumulate for future need; to lay up in store.

Hiving wisdom with each studious year.

Byron.
 Hive, v. i. To take shelter or lodgings together; to reside in


0001 0001 0001 We Of The Never-Never by Jeanie "Mrs. Aeneas" Gunn CONTENTS To The Public Prelude Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 and Last LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Map A Night Camp in the Never-Never The Homestead "So Long, Chaps!" (The Fizzer Leaving The Katherine) One Of The Bullock Waggons The Line Party Camps William Neaves, Born At Woolongong White-Ant Hills The Quiet Stockman Handling A Kicker To The Public It is with the full consent of the bush-folk that this one year of their lives—the year of 1902—is given to the world.

 "Tell 'em anything you like," they said, one and all, unconsciously testifying to their single-heartedness. And in the telling I have striven to give that year as I found it.

 At every turn the bush-folk have helped me; verifying statements and furnishing details required with minute exactness; while I am indebted to Mr. W. Holtze, Mr. G. G. Jaensch, "Mine Host," and the Quiet Stockman for the photographic plates with which this book is illustrated.

 Jeannie Gunn.

 Hawthorn, October 1907.

Prelude We—are just some of the bush-folk of the Never-Never.

 Distinct in the foreground stand: The Măluka, The Little Missus, The Sanguine Scot, The Head Stockman, The Dandy, The Quiet Stockman, The Fizzer, Mine Host, The Wag, Some of our Guests, A few black "boys" and lubras, A dog or two, Tam-o'-Shanter, Happy Dick, Sam Lee, and last, but by no means least, Cheon—the ever-mirthful, ever-helpful, irrepressible Cheon, who was crudely recorded on the station books as cook and gardener.

 The background is filled in with an ever-moving company—a strange medley of Whites, Blacks, and Chinese; of travellers, overlanders, and billabongers, who passed in and out of our lives, leaving behind them sometimes bright memories, sometimes sad, and sometimes little memory at all.

 And All of Us, and many of this company, shared each other's lives for one bright, sunny year, away Behind the Back of Beyond, in the Land of the Never-Never; in that elusive land with an elusive name—a land of dangers and hardships and privations yet loved as few lands are loved—a land that bewitches her people with strange spells and mysteries, until they call sweet bitter, and bitter sweet. Called the Never-Never, the Măluka loved to say, because they, who have lived in it and loved it Never-Never voluntarily leave it. Sadly enough, there are too many who Never-Never do leave it. Others—the unfitted—will tell you that it is so called because they who succeed in getting out of it swear they will Never-Never return to it. But we who have lived in it, and loved it, and left it, know that our hearts can Never-Never rest away from it.

We Of The Never-Never Chapter 1 To begin somewhere near the beginning, the Măluka—better known at that time as the new Boss for the Elsey—and I, his "missus," were at Darwin, in the Northern Territory, waiting for the train that was to take us just as far as it could—one hundred and fifty miles—on our way to the Never-Never. It was out of town just then, up-country somewhere, billabonging in true bush-whacker style, but was expected to return in a day or two, when it would be at our service.

 Jack, the Quiet Stockman, was out at the homestead, "seeing to things" there. The Sanguine Scot, the Head Stockman, and the Dandy, were in at the Katherine, marking time, as it were, awaiting instructions by wire from the Măluka, while some of the Company "put finishing touches" to their New Year celebrations. And every one, with, of course, the exception of those in Darwin, was blissfully unconscious of even the existence of the Măluka's missus.
 Knowing the Măluka by repute, however, every one was agreed that the "Elsey had struck it lucky," until the telegraph wire, whispering the gossip of Darwin to the Katherine, whispered that the "new Boss for the Elsey had been and gone and married a missus just before leaving the South, and was bringing her along with him." Then the Sanguine Scot was filled with wrath, the Company with compassion, while the Dandy's consternation found relief in a dismayed "Heavens above!" (The Dandy, by the way, was only a dandy in his love of sweet, clean clothes and orderly surroundings. The heart of the man had not a touch of dandyism in it.) The Head Stockman was absent in his camp.
 Had he been present, much might have been said on the "advantages of having a woman about the place." The Wag, however, retained his usual flow of speech and spirits.

 "Buck up, chaps!" he chuckled encouraging! "They're not all snorters, you know. You might have the luck to strike one of the 'ministering angel variety.' " But the Sanguine Scot had been thinking rapidly, and with characteristic hopefulness, felt he had the bull by the horns. "We'll just have to block her, chaps; that's all," he said. "A wire or two should do it"; and, inviting the Dandy "to come and lend a hand," led the way to the telegraph office; and presently there quivered into Darwin the first hint that a missus was not wanted at the Elsey.

 "Would advise leaving wife behind till homestead can be repaired," it said; and, still confident of success, Mac felt that "ought to do the trick." "If it doesn't," he added, "we'll give her something stronger." We in Darwin, having exhausted the sight-seeing resources of the little town, were wishing "something interesting would happen," when the message was handed to the Măluka.

 "This may do as a stopgap," he said, opening it, adding as he read it, "It looks brimful of possibilities for interested onlookers, seeing it advises leaving the wife behind." The Măluka spoke from experience, having been himself an interested onlooker "down south," when it had been suggested there that the wife should be left behind while he spied out the land; for although the Măluka knew most of the Territory, he had not yet been to the Elsey Cattle Station.

 Preferring to be "the interested onlooker" myself this time, when we went to the telegraph office it was the Măluka who wired: "Wife coming, secure buggy", and in an incredibly short space of time the answer was back: "No buggy obtainable." Darwin looked interested. "Mac hasn't wasted much time in making inquiries," it said.

 "Or in apologies or explanations," the Măluka added shortly, and sent in reply: "Wife can ride, secure suitable mount." But the Sanguine Scot's fighting blood was up, and almost immediately the wire rapped out: "No side-saddle obtainable. Stock horses all flash"; and the onlookers stared in astonishment.

 "Mac's in deadly earnest this time," they said, and the Măluka, with a quiet "So am I," went back to the telegraph.

 Now, in the Territory everybody knows everybody else, but


1. To exercise or play at boxing; to strike; to smite; to strive; to contend.

 If I might buffet for my love, or bound my horse for her favors, I could lay on like a butcher. Shak.
2. To make one's way by blows or struggling.

 Strove to buffet to land in vain. Tennyson.
 Buf"fet*er (&?;), n. One who buffets; a boxer. Jonson.
 Buf"fet*ing, n. 1. A striking with the hand.

2. A succession of blows; continued violence, as of winds or waves; afflictions; adversity.

 He seems to have been a plant of slow growth, but... fitted to endure the buffeting on the rudest storm. Wirt.
 Buf"fin (&?;), n. [So called from resembling buff &?;eather.]
 A sort of coarse stuff; as, buffin gowns. [Obs.]

 Buff"ing ap'pa*ra"tus (&?;). See Buffer, 1.

 Buf"fle (&?;), n. [OE., from F. buffle. See Buffalo.]
 The buffalo. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.
 Buf"fle, v. i. To puzzle; to be at a loss. [Obs.] Swift.
 Buf"fle*head' (&?;), n. [Buffle + head.] 1.
 One who has a large head; a heavy, stupid fellow. [Obs.]

 What makes you stare so, bufflehead? Plautus (trans.
 1694).
2. (Zoöl.) The buffel duck. See Buffel duck.

 Buf"fle-head'ed, a. Having a large head, like a buffalo; dull; stupid; blundering. [Obs.]

 So fell this buffle-headed giant. Gayton.
 ||Buf"fo (&?;), n.masc. [It. See Buffoon.] (Mus.) The comic actor in an opera.

 Buf*foon" (&?;), n. [F. bouffon (cf. It. buffone, buffo, buffa, puff of wind, vanity, nonsense, trick), fr. bouffer to puff out, because the buffoons puffed out their cheeks for the amusement of the spectators. See Buffet a blow.] A man who makes a practice of amusing others by low tricks, antic gestures, etc.; a droll; a mimic; a harlequin; a clown; a merry-andrew.

 Buf*foon" (&?;), a. Characteristic of, or like, a buffoon. "Buffoon stories." Macaulay.
 To divert the audience with buffoon postures and antic dances.
Melmoth.
 Buf*foon", v. i. To act the part of a buffoon. [R.]

 Buf*foon", v. t. To treat with buffoonery. Glanvill.
 Buf*foon"er*y (&?;), n.; pl. Buffooneries (&?;).
 [F. bouffonnerie.] The arts and practices of a buffoon, as low jests, ridiculous pranks, vulgar tricks and postures.

 Nor that it will ever constitute a wit to conclude a tart piece of buffoonery with a "What makes you blush?" Spectator.
 Buf*foon"ish, a. Like a buffoon; consisting in low jests or gestures. Blair.
 Buf*foon"ism (&?;), n. The practices of a buffoon; buffoonery.

 Buf*foon"ly, a. Low; vulgar. [R.]

 Apish tricks and buffoonly discourse. Goodman.
 Buff"y (&?;), a. (Med.) Resembling, or characterized by, buff.

Buffy coat, the coagulated plasma of blood when the red corpuscles have so settled out that the coagulum appears nearly colorless. This is common in diseased conditions where the corpuscles run together more rapidly and in denser masses than usual. Huxley.
 ||Bu"fo (&?;), n. [L. bufo a toad.] (Zoöl.)
 A genus of Amphibia including various species of toads.

 Bu"fon*ite (&?;), n. [L. bufo toad: cf. F. bufonite.]
 (Paleon.) An old name for a fossil consisting of the petrified teeth and palatal bones of fishes belonging to the family of Pycnodonts (thick teeth), whose remains occur in the oölite and chalk formations; toadstone; -- so named from a notion that it was originally formed in the head of a toad.

 Bug (&?;), n. [OE. bugge, fr. W. bwg, bwgan, hobgoblin, scarecrow, bugbear. Cf. Bogey, Boggle.] 1. A bugbear; anything which terrifies. [Obs.]

 Sir, spare your threats: The bug which you would fright me with I seek. Shak.
2. (Zoöl.) A general name applied to various insects belonging to the Hemiptera; as, the squash bug; the chinch bug, etc.

3. (Zoöl.) An insect of the genus Cimex, especially the bedbug (C. lectularius). See Bedbug.

4. (Zoöl.) One of various species of Coleoptera; as, the ladybug; potato bug, etc.; loosely, any beetle.

5. (Zoöl.) One of certain kinds of Crustacea; as, the sow bug; pill bug; bait bug; salve bug, etc.

 According to present popular usage in England, and among housekeepers in America, bug, when not joined with some qualifying word, is used specifically for bedbug. As a general term it is used very loosely in America, and was formerly used still more loosely in England. "God's rare workmanship in the ant, the poorest bug that creeps." Rogers (Naaman). "This bug with gilded wings." Pope.
Bait bug. See under Bait. -- Bug word, swaggering or threatening language. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
 { Bug'a*boo" (&?;), Bug"bear' } (&?;), n. [See Bug.]
 Something frightful, as a specter; anything imaginary that causes needless fright; something used to excite needless fear; also, something really dangerous, used to frighten children, etc. "Bugaboos to fright ye."
 Lloyd.
 But, to the world no bugbear is so great As want of figure and a small estate. Pope.
 The bugaboo of the liberals is the church pray. S. B. Griffin.
 The great bugaboo of the birds is the owl. J. Burroughs.
Syn. -- Hobgoblin; goblin; specter; ogre; scarecrow.

 Bug"bane' (&?;), n. (Bot.) A perennial white-flowered herb of the order Ranunculaceæ and genus Cimiciguga; bugwort. There are several species.

 Bug"bear' (&?;), n. Same as Bugaboo. -- a. Causing needless fright. Locke.
 Bug"bear', v. t. To alarm with idle phantoms.

 Bug"fish' (&?;), n. (Zoöl.) The menhaden. [U.S.]

 Bug"ger (&?;), n. [F. bougre, fr. LL. Bulgarus, a Bulgarian, and also a heretic; because the inhabitants of Bulgaria were infected with heresy. Those guilty of the crime of buggery were called heretics, because in the eyes of their adversaries there was nothing more heinous than heresy, and it was therefore thought that the origin of such a vice could only be owing to heretics.] 1. One guilty of buggery or unnatural vice; a sodomite.

2. A wretch; -- sometimes used humorously or in playful disparagement. [Low] Bug"ger*y (&?;), n. [OF. bougrerie


mic equation; a differential equation, etc.

3. (Astron.) A quantity to be applied in computing the mean place or other element of a celestial body; that is, any one of the several quantities to be added to, or taken from, its position as calculated on the hypothesis of a mean uniform motion, in order to find its true position as resulting from its actual and unequal motion.

Absolute equation. See under Absolute. -- Equation box, or Equational box, a system of differential gearing used in spinning machines for regulating the twist of the yarn. It resembles gearing used in equation clocks for showing apparent time. -- Equation of the center (Astron.), the difference between the place of a planet as supposed to move uniformly in a circle, and its place as moving in an ellipse. -- Equations of condition (Math.), equations formed for deducing the true values of certain quantities from others on which they depend, when different sets of the latter, as given by observation, would yield different values of the quantities sought, and the number of equations that may be found is greater than the number of unknown quantities. -- Equation of a curve (Math.), an equation which expresses the relation between the coördinates of every point in the curve. -- Equation of equinoxes (Astron.), the difference between the mean and apparent places of the equinox. -- Equation of payments (Arith.), the process of finding the mean time of payment of several sums due at different times. -- Equation of time (Astron.), the difference between mean and apparent time, or between the time of day indicated by the sun, and that by a perfect clock going uniformly all the year round. -- Equation clock or watch, a timepiece made to exhibit the differences between mean solar and apparent solar time. Knight. -- Normal equation. See under Normal. -- Personal equation (Astron.), the difference between an observed result and the true qualities or peculiarities in the observer; particularly the difference, in an average of a large number of observation, between the instant when an observer notes a phenomenon, as the transit of a star, and the assumed instant of its actual occurrence; or, relatively, the difference between these instants as noted by two observers. It is usually only a fraction of a second; -- sometimes applied loosely to differences of judgment or method occasioned by temperamental qualities of individuals. -- Theory of equations (Math.), the branch of algebra that treats of the properties of a single algebraic equation of any degree containing one unknown quantity.

 E*qua"tor (?), n. [L. aequator one who equalizes: cf. F. équateur equator. See Equate.] 1. (Geog.) The imaginary great circle on the earth's surface, everywhere equally distant from the two poles, and dividing the earth's surface into two hemispheres.

2. (Astron.) The great circle of the celestial sphere, coincident with the plane of the earth's equator; - - so called because when the sun is in it, the days and nights are of equal length; hence called also the equinoctial, and on maps, globes, etc., the equinoctial line.

Equator of the sun or of a planet (Astron.), the great circle whose plane passes through through the center of the body, and is perpendicular to its axis of revolution. -- Magnetic equator.
 See Aclinic.

 E'qua*to"ri*al (?), a. [Cf. F. équatorial.] Of or pertaining to the equator; as, equatorial climates; also, pertaining to an equatorial instrument.

 E'qua*to"ri*al, n. (Astron.) An instrument consisting of a telescope so mounted as to have two axes of motion at right angles to each other, one of them parallel to the axis of the earth, and each carrying a graduated circle, the one for measuring declination, and the other right ascension, or the hour angle, so that the telescope may be directed, even in the daytime, to any star or other object whose right ascension and declination are known. The motion in right ascension is sometimes communicated by clockwork, so as to keep the object constantly in the field of the telescope. Called also an equatorial telescope.

 The term equatorial, or equatorial instrument, is sometimes applied to any astronomical instrument which has its principal axis of rotation parallel to the axis of the earth.

 E'qua*to"ri*al*ly, adv. So as to have motion or direction parallel to the equator.

 Eq"uer*ry (?; 277), n.; pl. Equerries (#). [F. écurie stable, for older escurie, escuirie (confused somewhat with F. écuyer, OF. escuyer, squire), LL. scuria, OHG. skiura, sc&?;ra, barn, shed, G. scheuer, from a root meaning to cover, protect, and akin to L. scutum shield. See Esquire, and cf. Ecurie, Querry.] 1. A large stable or lodge for horses. Johnson.
2. An officer of princes or nobles, charged with the care of their horses.

 In England equerries are officers of the royal household in the department of the Master of the Horse.

 Eq"ue*ry (?), n. Same as Equerry.

 E*ques"tri*an (?), a. [L. equester, from eques horseman, fr. equus horse: cf. F. équestre. See Equine.] 1. Of or pertaining to horses or horsemen, or to horsemanship; as, equestrian feats, or games.

2. Being or riding on horseback; mounted; as, an equestrian statue.

 An equestrian lady appeared upon the plains.

Spectator.
3. Belonging to, or composed of, the ancient Roman equities or knights; as, the equestrian order. Burke.
 E*ques"tri*an, n. One who rides on horseback; a horseman; a rider.

 E*ques"tri*an*ism (?), n. The art of riding on horseback; performance on horseback; horsemanship; as, feats equestrianism.

 E*ques"tri*enne' (?), n. [Formed after analogy of the French language.] A woman skilled in equestrianism; a horsewoman.

 E"qui- (?). [L. aequus equal. See Equal.] A prefix, meaning equally; as, equidistant; equiangular.

 E"qui*an'gled (?), a. [Equi- + angle.] Equiangular.
 [Obs.] Boyle.
 E'qui*an"gu*lar (?), a. [Equi- + angular. Cf.
 Equangular.] Having equal angles; as, an equiangular figure; a square is equiangular.

Equiangular spiral. (Math.) See under Spiral, n. -- Mutually equiangular, applied to two figures, when every angle of the one has its equal among the angles of the other.

 E'qui*bal"ance (?), n. [Equi- + balance.] Equal weight; equiponderance.

 E'qui*bal"ance, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Equibalanced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Equibalancing (?).] To make of equal weight; to balance equally; to counterbalance; to equiponderate.

 E'qui*cres"cent (?), a. [Equi- + crescent.] (Math.)
 Increasing by equal increments; as, an equicrescent variable.

 E'qui*cru"ral (?), a. [L. aequicrurius; aequus equal + crus, cruris, leg.] Having equal legs or sides; isosceles.
 [R.] "Equicrural triangles." Sir


Mountain ash. See Roman tree, and under Mountain.

2. The tough, elastic wood of the ash tree.

Ash is used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound term; as, ash bud, ash wood, ash tree, etc.

 Ash, n., sing. of Ashes.

Ash is rarely used in the singular except in connection with chemical or geological products; as, soda ash, coal which yields a red ash, etc., or as a qualifying or combining word; as, ash bin, ash heap, ash hole, ash pan, ash pit, ash-grey, ash-colored, pearlash, potash.

Bone ash, burnt powered; bone earth. -- Volcanic ash. See under Ashes.

 Ash, v. t. To strew or sprinkle with ashes. Howell.
 A*shame (&?;), v. t. [Pref. a- + shame: cf. AS.
 scamian to shame (where - is the same as Goth. us-, G. er-, and orig. meant out), gescamian, gesceamian, to shame.] To shame. [R.] Barrow.
 A*shamed" (&?;), a. [Orig. a p. p. of ashame, v. t.]
 Affected by shame; abashed or confused by guilt, or a conviction or consciousness of some wrong action or impropriety. "I am ashamed to beg." Wyclif.
 All that forsake thee shall be ashamed. Jer. xvii. 13.
 I began to be ashamed of sitting idle. Johnson.
 Enough to make us ashamed of our species. Macaulay.
 An ashamed person can hardly endure to meet the gaze of those present. Darwin.
Ashamed seldom precedes the noun or pronoun it qualifies. By a Hebraism, it is sometimes used in the Bible to mean disappointed, or defeated.

 A*sham"ed*ly (&?;), adv. Bashfully. [R.]

 Ash'an*tee" (&?;), n.; pl. Ashantees (&?;). A native or an inhabitant of Ashantee in Western Africa.

 Ash'an*tee", a. Of or pertaining to Ashantee.

 Ash"-col'ored (&?;), a. Of the color of ashes; a whitish gray or brownish gray.

 Ash"en (&?;), a. [See Ash, the tree.] Of or pertaining to the ash tree. "Ashen poles." Dryden.
 Ash"en, a. Consisting of, or resembling, ashes; of a color between brown and gray, or white and gray.

 The ashen hue of age. Sir W. Scott.
 Ash"en (&?;), n., obs. pl. for Ashes. Chaucer.
 Ash"er*y (&?;), n. 1. A depository for ashes.

2. A place where potash is made.

 Ash"es (&?;), n. pl. [OE. asche, aske, AS. asce, æsce, axe; akin to OHG. asca, G. asche, D. asch, Icel. & Sw. aska, Dan. aske, Goth. azgo.]
 1. The earthy or mineral particles of combustible substances remaining after combustion, as of wood or coal.

2. Specifically: The remains of the human body when burnt, or when "returned to dust" by natural decay.

 Their martyred blood and ashes sow. Milton.
 The coffins were broken open. The ashes were scattered to the winds. Macaulay.
3. The color of ashes; deathlike paleness.

 The lip of ashes, and the cheek of flame. Byron.
In dust and ashes, In sackcloth and ashes, with humble expression of grief or repentance; -- from the method of mourning in Eastern lands. -- Volcanic ashes, or Volcanic ash, the loose, earthy matter, or small fragments of stone or lava, ejected by volcanoes.

 Ash"-fire, n. A low fire used in chemical operations.

 Ash"-fur'nace (&?;), Ash"-ov'en (&?;), n. A furnace or oven for fritting materials for glass making.

 A*shine" (&?;), a. Shining; radiant.

 { Ash"lar, Ash"ler } (&?;), n. [OE. ascheler, achiler, OF. aiseler, fr. aiselle, dim. of ais plank, fr. L. axis, assis, plank, axle. See Axle.] 1. (Masonry) (a) Hewn or squared stone; also, masonry made of squared or hewn stone.

 Rough ashlar, a block of freestone as brought from the quarry.
 When hammer-dressed it is known as common ashlar. Knight.
(b) In the United States especially, a thin facing of squared and dressed stone upon a wall of rubble or brick. Knight.
 { Ash"lar*ing, Ash"ler*ing, } n. 1. The act of bedding ashlar in mortar.

2. Ashlar when in thin slabs and made to serve merely as a case to the body of the wall. Brande & C.
3. (Carp.) The short upright pieces between the floor beams and rafters in garrets. See Ashlar, 2.

 A*shore" (&?;), adv. [Pref. a- + shore.] On shore or on land; on the land adjacent to water; to the shore; to the land; aground (when applied to a ship); -- sometimes opposed to aboard or afloat.

 Here shall I die ashore. Shak.
 I must fetch his necessaries ashore. Shak.
 Ash"to*reth (&?;), n.; pl. Ashtaroth (&?;).
 The principal female divinity of the Phœnicians, as Baal was the principal male divinity. W. Smith.
 Ash' Wednes"day (sh' wnz"d). The first day of Lent; -- so called from a custom in the Roman Catholic church of putting ashes, on that day, upon the foreheads of penitents.

 Ash"weed' (&?;), n. (Bot.) [A corruption of ache-weed; F. ache. So named from the likeness of its leaves to those of ache (celery).] Goutweed.

 Ash"y (&?;), a. 1. Pertaining to, or composed of, ashes; filled, or strewed with, ashes.

2. Ash-colored; whitish gray; deadly pale. Shak.
Ashy pale, pale as ashes. Shak.
 A"sian (&?;), a. [L. Asianus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, L. Asia.] Of or pertaining to Asia; Asiatic. "Asian princes." Jer. Taylor. -- n. An Asiatic.

 A"si*arch (&?;), n. [L. Asiarcha, Gr. &?;; &?; + &?; ruler.] One of the chiefs or pontiffs of the Roman province of Asia, who had the superintendence of the public games and religious rites.
 Milner.
 A'si*at"ic (&?;), a. [L. Asiaticus, Gr. &?;.] Of or pertaining to Asia or to its inhabitants. -- n. A native, or one of the people, of Asia.

 A'si*at"i*cism (&?;), n. Something peculiar to Asia or the Asiatics.

 A*side" (&?;), adv. [Pref. a- + side.] 1.
 On, or to, one side; out of a straight line, course, or direction; at a little distance from the rest; out of the way; apart.

 Thou shalt set aside that which is full. 2 Kings iv. 4.
 But soft! but soft! aside: here comes the king. Shak.
 The flames were blown aside. Dryden.
2. Out of one's thoughts; off; away; as, to put aside gloomy


method of computation; any process of reasoning by the use of symbols; any branch of mathematics that may involve calculation.

Barycentric calculus, a method of treating geometry by defining a point as the center of gravity of certain other points to which coëfficients or weights are ascribed. -- Calculus of functions, that branch of mathematics which treats of the forms of functions that shall satisfy given conditions. -- Calculus of operations, that branch of mathematical logic that treats of all operations that satisfy given conditions. -- Calculus of probabilities, the science that treats of the computation of the probabilities of events, or the application of numbers to chance. -- Calculus of variations, a branch of mathematics in which the laws of dependence which bind the variable quantities together are themselves subject to change. -- Differential calculus, a method of investigating mathematical questions by using the ratio of certain indefinitely small quantities called differentials.
 The problems are primarily of this form: to find how the change in some variable quantity alters at each instant the value of a quantity dependent upon it. -- Exponential calculus, that part of algebra which treats of exponents. -- Imaginary calculus, a method of investigating the relations of real or imaginary quantities by the use of the imaginary symbols and quantities of algebra. -- Integral calculus, a method which in the reverse of the differential, the primary object of which is to learn from the known ratio of the indefinitely small changes of two or more magnitudes, the relation of the magnitudes themselves, or, in other words, from having the differential of an algebraic expression to find the expression itself.

 Cal"dron (kl"drn), n. [OE. caldron, caudron, caudroun, OF. caudron, chauderon, F. chaudron, an aug. of F. chaudière, LL. caldaria, fr. L. caldarius suitable for warming, fr. caldus, calidus, warm, fr. calere to be warm; cf. Skr. çr to boil. Cf. Chaldron, Calaric, Caudle.] A large kettle or boiler of copper, brass, or iron. [Written also cauldron.] "Caldrons of boiling oil." Prescott.
 ||Ca*lèche" (k*lsh"), n. [F. calèche.] See Calash.

 Cal'e*do"ni*a (?), n. The ancient Latin name of Scotland; -- still used in poetry.

 Cal'e*do"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Caledonia or Scotland; Scottish; Scotch. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Caledonia or Scotland.

 Ca*led"o*nite (?), n. (Min.) A hydrous sulphate of copper and lead, found in some parts of Caledonia or Scotland.

 Cal'e*fa"cient (?), a. [L. calefaciens p. pr. of calefacere to make warm; calere to be warm + facere to make.] Making warm; heating. [R.]

 Cal'e*fa"cient, n. A substance that excites warmth in the parts to which it is applied, as mustard.

 Cal'e*fac"tion (?), n. [L. calefactio: cf. F. caléfaction.]
 1. The act of warming or heating; the production of heat in a body by the action of fire, or by communication of heat from other bodies.

2. The state of being heated.

 Cal'e*fac"tive (?), a. See Calefactory. [R.]

 Cal'e*fac"tor (?), n. A heater; one who, or that which, makes hot, as a stove, etc.

 Cal'e*fac"to*ry (?), a. [L. calefactorius.] Making hot; producing or communicating heat.

 Cal'e*fac"to*ry, n. 1. (Eccl.) An apartment in a monastery, warmed and used as a sitting room.

2. A hollow sphere of metal, filled with hot water, or a chafing dish, placed on the altar in cold weather for the priest to warm his hands with.

 Cal"e*fy (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Calefied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Calefying.] [L. calere to be warm + -fy] To make warm or hot.

 Cal"e*fy, v. i. To grow hot or warm. Sir T. Browne.
 ||Cal"em*bour' (?), n. [F.] A pun.

 Cal"en*dar (?), n. [OE. kalender, calender, fr. L. kalendarium an interest or account book (cf. F. calendrier, OF. calendier) fr. L. calendue, kalendae, calends. See Calends.] 1.
 An orderly arrangement of the division of time, adapted to the purposes of civil life, as years, months, weeks, and days; also, a register of the year with its divisions; an almanac.

2. (Eccl.) A tabular statement of the dates of feasts, offices, saints' days, etc., esp. of those which are liable to change yearly according to the varying date of Easter.

3. An orderly list or enumeration of persons, things, or events; a schedule; as, a calendar of state papers; a calendar of bills presented in a legislative assembly; a calendar of causes arranged for trial in court; a calendar of a college or an academy.

 Shepherds of people had need know the calendars of tempests of state. Bacon.
Calendar clock, one that shows the days of the week and month. -- Calendar month. See under Month. -- French Republican calendar.
 See under Vendémiaire. -- Gregorian calendar, Julian calendar, Perpetual calendar. See under Gregorian, Julian, and Perpetual.

 Cal"en*dar, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Calendared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Calendaring.] To enter or write in a calendar; to register. Waterhouse.
 Cal'en*da"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the calendar or a calendar.

 Cal"en*da*ry (?), a. Calendarial. [Obs.]

 Cal"en*der (?), n. [F. calandre, LL. calendra, corrupted fr. L. cylindrus a cylinder, Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;.
 See Cylinider.] 1. A machine, used for the purpose of giving cloth, paper, etc., a smooth, even, and glossy or glazed surface, by cold or hot pressure, or for watering them and giving them a wavy appearance. It consists of two or more cylinders revolving nearly in contact, with the necessary apparatus for moving and regulating.

2. One who pursues the business of calendering.

 My good friend the calender. Cawper.
 Cal"en*der (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Calendered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Calendering.] [Cf. F. calandrer. See Calender, n.] To press between rollers for the purpose of making smooth and glossy, or wavy, as woolen and silk stuffs, linens, paper, etc. Ure.
 Cal"en*der, n. [Per. qalender.] One of a sect or order of fantastically dressed or painted dervishes.

 Cal'en*dog"ra*pher (?), n. [Calendar + -graph + er.]
 One who makes calendars. [R.]

 Cal"en*drer (?), n. A person who calenders cloth; a calender.

 { Ca*len"dric (?


MINNA VON BARNHELM or, THE SOLDIER'S FORTUNE By Gotthold Ephraim Lessing Translated By Ernest Bell Contents INTRODUCTORY NOTE MINNA VON BARNHELM DRAMATIS PERSONAE ACT I. ACT II.
 ACT III.
 ACT IV.
 ACT V. INTRODUCTORY NOTE Gotthold Ephraim Lessing was born at Kamenz, Germany, January 22, 1729, the son of a Lutheran minister. He was educated at Meissen and Leipzic, and began writing for the stage before he was twenty. In 1748 he went to Berlin, where he met Voltaire and for a time was powerfully influenced by him. The most important product of this period was his tragedy of "Miss Sara Samson," a modern version of the story of Medea, which began the vogue of the sentimental middle-class play in Germany. After a second sojourn in Leipzic (_PHONE_), during which he wrote criticism, lyrics, and fables, Lessing returned to Berlin and began to publish his "Literary Letters," making himself by the vigor and candor of his criticism a real force in contemporary literature. From Berlin he went to Breslau, where he made the first sketches of two of his greatest works, "Laocoon" and "Minna von Barnhelm," both of which were issued after his return to the Prussian capital. Failing in his effort to be appointed Director of the Royal Library by Frederick the Great, Lessing went to Hamburg in 1767 as critic of a new national theatre, and in connection with this enterprise he issued twice a week the "Hamburgische Dramaturgie," the two volumes of which are a rich mine of dramatic criticism and theory.

 His next residence was at Wolfenbuttel, where he had charge of the ducal library from 1770 till his death in 1781. Here he wrote his tragedy of "Emilia Galotti," founded on the story of Virginia, and engaged for a time in violent religious controversies, one important outcome of which was his "Education of the Human Race." On being ordered by the Brunswick authorities to give up controversial writing, he found expression for his views in his play "Nathan the Wise," his last great production.

 The importance of Lessing's masterpiece in comedy, "Minna von Barnhelm," is difficult to exaggerate. It was the beginning of German national drama; and by the patriotic interest of its historical background, by its sympathetic treatment of the German soldier and the German woman, and by its happy blending of the amusing and the pathetic, it won a place in the national heart from which no succeeding comedy has been able to dislodge it.

 MINNA VON BARNHELM or, THE SOLDIER'S FORTUNE DRAMATIS PERSONAE ACT I. ACT II.

 ACT III.

 ACT IV.

 ACT V.


To Gratify, Indulge, Humor. Gratify, is the generic term, and has reference simply to the pleasure communicated. To indulge a person implies that we concede something to his wishes or his weaknesses which he could not claim, and which had better, perhaps, be spared. To humor is to adapt ourselves to the varying moods, and, perhaps, caprices, of others. We gratify a child by showing him the sights of a large city; we indulge him in some extra expense on such an occasion; we humor him when he is tired and exacting.

 Grat"ing (?), n. [See 2d Grate.] 1. A partition, covering, or frame of parallel or cross bars; a latticework resembling a window grate; as, the grating of a prison or convent.

2. (Optics) A system of close equidistant and parallel lines lines or bars, especially lines ruled on a polished surface, used for producing spectra by diffraction; -- called also diffraction grating.

3. pl. (Naut.) The strong wooden lattice used to cover a hatch, admitting light and air; also, a movable Lattice used for the flooring of boats. [1913 Webster] Grat"ing, a. [See Grate to rub harshy.] That grates; making a harsh sound; harsh. -- Grat"ing*ly, adv.

 Grat"ing, n. A harsh sound caused by attrition.

 Gra*ti"o*lin (?), n. (Chem.) One of the essential principles of the hedge hyssop (Gratiola officinalis).

 Gra"tis (?), adv. [L., contr. fr. gratiis out of favor or kindness, without recompense, for nothing, fr. gratia favor. See Grace.] For nothing; without fee or recompense; freely; gratuitously.

 Grat"i*tude (?), n. [F. gratitude, LL. gratitudo, from gratus agreeable, grateful. See Grate, a.] The state of being grateful; warm and friendly feeling toward a benefactor; kindness awakened by a favor received; thankfulness.

 The debt immense of endless gratitude.
Milton.
 Gra*tu"i*tous (?) a. [L. gratuitus, from gratus pleasing. See Grate, a., Gratis.] 1. Given without an equivalent or recompense; conferred without valuable consideration; granted without pay, or without claim or merit; not required by justice.

 We mistake the gratuitous blessings of Heaven for the fruits of our own industry.

L'Estrange.
2. Not called for by the circumstances; without reason, cause, or proof; adopted or asserted without any good ground; as, a gratuitous assumption.

 Acts of gratuitous selfhumiliation.

De Quincye.
 -- Gra*tu"i*tous*ly, adv. -- Gra*tu"i*tous*ness, n. Gra*tu"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Gratuities (#). [F. gratuité, or LL. gratuitas.] 1. Something given freely or without recompense; a free gift; a present. Swift.
2. Something voluntarily given in return for a favor or service, as a recompense or acknowledgment.

 Grat"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grqatulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gratulating (?).] [L. gratulatus, p. p. of gratulari to congratulate, fr. gratus pleasing, agreeable. See Grate, a.]
 To salute with declaration of joy; to congratulate. [R.] Shak.
 Grat"u*late (?), a. Worthy of gratulation. [Obs.]

 There's more behind that is more gratulate.

Shak.
 Grat"u*la"tion (?), n. [L. gratulatio.] The act of gratulating or felicitating; congratulation.

 I shall turn my wishes into gratulations.
South.
 Grat"u*la*to*ry (?), a. [L. gratulatorius.] Expressing gratulation or joy; congratulatory.

 The usual groundwork of such gratulatory odes.

Bp. Horsley.
 Graunt (?), v. & n. [Obs.] See Grant. Chaucer.
 ||Grau"wack*e (?), n. [G.] Graywacke.

 ||Gra*va"men (?), n.; pl. L. Gravamina (#), E. Gravamens (#). [L., fr. gravare to load, burden, fr. gravis heavy, weighty. See Grave, a.] (Law) The grievance complained of; the substantial cause of the action; also, in general, the ground or essence of a complaint. Bouvier.

 -grave (?). A final syllable signifying a ruler, as in landgrave, margrave. See Margrave.

 Grave (?), v. t. (Naut.) To clean, as a vessel's bottom, of barnacles, grass, etc., and pay it over with pitch; -- so called because graves or greaves was formerly used for this purpose.

 Grave, a. [Compar. Graver (grv"r); superl. Gravest.]
 [F., fr. L. gravis heavy; cf. It. & Sp. grave heavy, grave. See Grief.] 1. Of great weight; heavy; ponderous. [Obs.]

 His shield grave and great.

Chapman.
2. Of importance; momentous; weighty; influential; sedate; serious; -- said of character, relations, etc.; as, grave deportment, character, influence, etc.

 Most potent, grave, and reverend seigniors.

Shak.
 A grave and prudent law, full of moral equity.

Milton.
3. Not light or gay; solemn; sober; plain; as, a grave color; a grave face.

4. (Mus.) (a) Not acute or sharp; low; deep; -- said of sound; as, a grave note or key.

 The thicker the cord or string, the more grave is the note or tone.

Moore (Encyc. of Music).
(b) Slow and solemn in movement.

Grave accent. (Pron.) See the Note under Accent, n., 2.

Syn. -- Solemn; sober; serious; sage; staid; demure; thoughtful; sedate; weighty; momentous; important. -- Grave, Sober, Serious, Solemn.
 Sober supposes the absence of all exhilaration of spirits, and is opposed to gay or flighty; as, sober thought. Serious implies considerateness or reflection, and is opposed to jocose or sportive; as, serious and important concerns. Grave denotes a state of mind, appearance, etc., which results from the pressure of weighty interests, and is opposed to hilarity of feeling or vivacity of manner; as, a qrave remark; qrave attire. Solemn is applied to a case in which gravity is carried to its highest point; as, a solemn admonition; a solemn promise.

 Grave, v. t. [imp. Graved (grvd); p. p. Graven (grv"'n) or Graved; p. pr. & vb. n. Graving.] [AS. grafan to dig, grave, engrave; akin to OFries. greva, D. graven, G. graben, OHG. & Goth. graban, Dan. grabe, Sw. gräfva, Icel. grafa, but prob. not to Gr. gra'fein to write, E. graphic.
 Cf. Grave, n., Grove, n.]

1. To dig. [Obs.] Chaucer.

 He hath graven and digged up a pit.

Ps. vii. 16 (Book of Common Prayer).
2. To carve or cut, as letters


. See Harrow, n.] 1. To draw a harrow over, as for the purpose of breaking clods and leveling the surface, or for covering seed; as, to harrow land.

 Will he harrow the valleys after thee?

Job xxxix. 10.
2. To break or tear, as with a harrow; to wound; to lacerate; to torment or distress; to vex.

 My aged muscles harrowed up with whips.

Rowe.
 I could a tale unfold, whose lightest word Would harrow up thy soul.

Shak.
 Har"row, interj. [OF. harau, haro; fr. OHG. hara, hera, herot, or fr. OS. herod hither, akin to E. here.]
 Help! Halloo! An exclamation of distress; a call for succor; -- the ancient Norman hue and cry. "Harrow and well away!" Spenser.
Harrow! alas! here lies my fellow slain.

Chaucer.
 Har"row, v. t. [See Harry.] To pillage; to harry; to oppress.
 [Obs.] Spenser.
 Meaning thereby to harrow his people.

Bacon Har"row*er (-r), n. One who harrows.

 Har"row*er, n. One who harries. [Obs.]

 Har"ry (-r), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harried (-rd); p. pr. & vb. n. Harrying.] [OE. harwen, herien, herien, AS. hergian to act as an army, to ravage, plunder, fr. here army; akin to G. heer, Icel. herr, Goth. harjis, and Lith. karas war. Cf. Harbor, Herald, Heriot.]

1. To strip; to pillage; to lay waste; as, the Northmen came several times and harried the land.

 To harry this beautiful region.

W. Irving.
 A red squirrel had harried the nest of a wood thrush.

J. Burroughs.
2. To agitate; to worry; to harrow; to harass. Shak.
Syn. -- To ravage; plunder; pillage; lay waste; vex; tease; worry; annoy; harass.

 Har"ry, v. i. To make a predatory incursion; to plunder or lay waste. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
 Harsh (härsh), a. [Compar. Harsher (-r); superl.
 Harshest.] [OE. harsk; akin to G. harsch, Dan. harsk rancid, Sw. härsk; from the same source as E. hard. See Hard, a.] 1. Rough; disagreeable; grating; esp.: (a) To the touch. "Harsh sand." Boyle. (b) To the taste.
 "Berries harsh and crude." Milton. (c) To the ear. "Harsh din." Milton.
2. Unpleasant and repulsive to the sensibilities; austere; crabbed; morose; abusive; abusive; severe; rough.

 Clarence is so harsh, so blunt.

Shak.
 Though harsh the precept, yet the preacher charmed.

Dryden.
3. (Painting, Drawing, etc.) Having violent contrasts of color, or of light and shade; lacking in harmony.

 Harsh"ly, adv. In a harsh manner; gratingly; roughly; rudely.

 'T will sound harshly in her ears.

Shak.
 Harsh"ness, n. The quality or state of being harsh.

 O, she is Ten times more gentle than her father's crabbed, And he's composed of harshness.

Shak.
 'Tis not enough no harshness gives offense, The sound must seem an echo to the sense.

Pope.
Syn. -- Acrimony; roughness; sternness; asperity; tartness. See Acrimony.

 Hars"let (härs"lt), n. See Haslet.

 Hart (härt), n. [OE. hart, hert, heort, AS. heort, heorot; akin to D. hert, OHG. hiruz, hirz, G. hirsch, Icel. hjörtr, Dan. & Sw. hjort, L. cervus, and prob. to Gr. kerao's horned, ke'ras horn. √230.
 See Horn.] (Zoöl.) A stag; the male of the red deer. See the Note under Buck.

 Goodliest of all the forest, hart and hind.

Milton.
 Hart"beest' (-bst'), n. [D. hertebeest. See Hart, and Beast.]
 (Zoöl.) A large South African antelope (Alcelaphus caama), formerly much more abundant than it is now. The face and legs are marked with black, the rump with white. [Written also hartebeest, and hartebest.]

 Hart"en (-'n), v. t. To hearten; to encourage; to incite. [Obs.] Spenser.
 Hart"ford (härt"frd), n. The Hartford grape, a variety of grape first raised at Hartford, Connecticut, from the Northern fox grape. Its large dark-colored berries ripen earlier than those of most other kinds.

 Hart's" clo'ver (härts" kl'vr). (Bot.) Melilot or sweet clover. See Melilot.

 Hart's"-ear' (-r'), n. (Bot.) An Asiatic species of Cacalia (C. Kleinia), used medicinally in India.

 Harts"horn' (-hôrn'), n. 1. The horn or antler of the hart, or male red deer.

2. Spirits of hartshorn (see below); volatile salts.

Hartshorn plantain (Bot.), an annual species of plantain (Plantago Coronopus); -- called also buck's-horn. Booth. -- Hartshorn shavings, originally taken from the horns of harts, are now obtained chiefly by planing down the bones of calves. They afford a kind of jelly.
 Hebert. -- Salt of hartshorn (Chem.), an impure solid carbonate of ammonia, obtained by the destructive distillation of hartshorn, or any kind of bone; volatile salts. Brande & C. -- Spirits of hartshorn (Chem.), a solution of ammonia in water; -- so called because formerly obtained from hartshorn shavings by destructive distillation. Similar ammoniacal solutions from other sources have received the same name.

 Hart's"-tongue' (härts"tng'), n. (Bot.) (a) A common British fern (Scolopendrium vulgare), rare in America. (b) A West Indian fern, the Polypodium Phyllitidis of Linnæus. It is also found in Florida.

 Hart"wort' (härt"wûrt'), n. (Bot.) A coarse umbelliferous plant of Europe (Tordylium maximum).

 The name is often vaguely given to other plants of the same order, as species of Seseli and Bupleurum.

 Har"um-scar"um (hâr"m*skâr"m), a. [Cf. hare,v.
 t., and scare, v. t.] Wild; giddy; flighty; rash; thoughtless. [Colloq.]

 They had a quarrel with Sir Thomas Newcome's own son, a harum-scarum lad.

Thackeray.
 Ha*rus'pi*ca"tion (h*rs'p*k"shn), n. See Haruspicy. Tylor.
 Ha*rus"pice (h*rs"ps), n. [F., fr. L.


os shortest (superl. of brachy's short) + &?; time : cf. F. brachistochrone. ] (Math.) A curve, in which a body, starting from a given point, and descending solely by the force of gravity, will reach another given point in a shorter time than it could by any other path. This curve of quickest descent, as it is sometimes called, is, in a vacuum, the same as the cycloid.

 Brach"y*ty'pous (&?;), a. [Gr. &?; short + &?; stamp, form.] (Min.) Of a short form.

 ||Brach'y*u"ra (&?;), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. brachy's short + &?; tail.] (Zoöl.) A group of decapod Crustacea, including the common crabs, characterized by a small and short abdomen, which is bent up beneath the large cephalo-thorax. [Also spelt Brachyoura.]
 See Crab, and Illustration in Appendix.

 { Brach'y*u"ral (&?;), Brach'y*u"rous (&?;) }, a. [Cf. F.
 brachyure.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Brachyura.

 Brach'y*u"ran (&?;), n. One of the Brachyura.

 Bra"cing (&?;), a. Imparting strength or tone; strengthening; invigorating; as, a bracing north wind.

 Bra"cing (&?;), n. 1. The act of strengthening, supporting, or propping, with a brace or braces; the state of being braced.

2. (Engin.) Any system of braces; braces, collectively; as, the bracing of a truss.

 Brack (brk), n. [Cf.D. braak, Dan. bræk, a breaking, Sw. & Icel. brak a crackling, creaking. Cf. Breach.]
 An opening caused by the parting of any solid body; a crack or breach; a flaw.

 Stain or brack in her sweet reputation. J. Fletcher.
 Brack, n. [D. brak, adj., salt; cf. LG. wrak refuse, G. brack.] Salt or brackish water. [Obs.] Drayton.
 Brack"en (&?;), n. [OE. braken, AS. bracce. See 2d Brake, n.] A brake or fern. Sir W. Scott.
 Brack"et (&?;), n. [Cf.OF. braguette codpiece, F. brayette, Sp. bragueta, also a projecting mold in architecture; dim. fr.L. bracae breeches; cf. also, OF. bracon beam, prop, support; of unknown origin. Cf. Breeches.]

1. (Arch.) An architectural member, plain or ornamental, projecting from a wall or pier, to support weight falling outside of the same; also, a decorative feature seeming to discharge such an office.

 This is the more general word. See Brace, Cantalever, Console, Corbel, Strut.

2. (Engin. & Mech.) A piece or combination of pieces, usually triangular in general shape, projecting from, or fastened to, a wall, or other surface, to support heavy bodies or to strengthen angles.

3. (Naut.) A shot, crooked timber, resembling a knee, used as a support.

4. (Mil.) The cheek or side of an ordnance carriage.

5. (Print.) One of two characters [], used to inclose a reference, explanation, or note, or a part to be excluded from a sentence, to indicate an interpolation, to rectify a mistake, or to supply an omission, and for certain other purposes; -- called also crotchet.

6. A gas fixture or lamp holder projecting from the face of a wall, column, or the like.

Bracket light, a gas fixture or a lamp attached to a wall, column, etc.

 Brack"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bracketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Bracketing] To place within brackets; to connect by brackets; to furnish with brackets.

 Brack"et*ing, n. (Arch.) A series or group of brackets; brackets, collectively.

 Brack"ish (&?;), a. [See Brack salt water.] Saltish, or salt in a moderate degree, as water in saline soil.

 Springs in deserts found seem sweet, all brackish though they be.
Byron.
 Brack"ish*ness, n. The quality or state of being brackish, or somewhat salt.

 Brack"y (&?;), a. Brackish. Drayton.
 Bract (&?;), n. [See Bractea.] (Bot.) (a) A leaf, usually smaller than the true leaves of a plant, from the axil of which a flower stalk arises. (b) Any modified leaf, or scale, on a flower stalk or at the base of a flower.

Bracts are often inconspicuous, but sometimes large and showy, or highly colored, as in many cactaceous plants. The spathes of aroid plants are conspicuous forms of bracts.

 ||Brac"te*a (&?;), n. [L., a thin plate of metal or wood, gold foil.] (Bot.) A bract.

 Brac"te*al (&?;), a. [Cf.F. bractéal.] Having the nature or appearance of a bract.

 Brac"te*ate (&?;), a. [Cf.L. bracteatus covered with gold plate.] (Bot.) Having a bract or bracts.

 Bract"ed (&?;), a. (Bot.) Furnished with bracts.

 Brac"te*o*late (&?;), a. (Bot.) Furnished with bracteoles or bractlets.

 Brac"te*ole (&?;), n. [L. bracteola, dim. of bractea.
 See Bractea.] (Bot.) Same as Bractlet.

 Bract"less, a. (Bot.) Destitute of bracts.

 Bract"let (&?;), n. [Bract + - let] (Bot.)
 A bract on the stalk of a single flower, which is itself on a main stalk that support several flowers. Gray.
 Brad (&?;), n. [Cf.OE. brod, Dan. braad prick, sting, brodde ice spur, frost nail, Sw. brodd frost nail, Icel. broddr any pointed piece of iron or stell; akin to AS. brord point, spire of grass, and perh. to E. bristle. See Bristle, n.]
 A thin nail, usually small, with a slight projection at the top on one side instead of a head; also, a small wire nail, with a flat circular head; sometimes, a small, tapering, square-bodied finishing nail, with a countersunk head.

 Brad" awl' (&?;). A straight awl with chisel edge, used to make holes for brads, etc. Weale.
 Bra*doon" (&?;), n. Same as Bridoon.

 ||Brae (&?;), n. [See Bray a hill.] A hillside; a slope; a bank; a hill. [Scot.] Burns.
 Brag (&?;), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bragged (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Bragging.] [OE. braggen to resound, blow, boast (cf. F. braguer to lead a merry life, flaunt, boast, OF. brague merriment), from Icel. braka to c


made of apples stewed down in cider. Bartlett.
 -- Apple corer, an instrument for removing the cores from apples.
 -- Apple fly (Zoöl.), any dipterous insect, the larva of which burrows in apples. Apple flies belong to the genera Drosophila and Trypeta. -- Apple midge (Zoöl.) a small dipterous insect (Sciara mali), the larva of which bores in apples.
 -- Apple of the eye, the pupil. -- Apple of discord, a subject of contention and envy, so called from the mythological golden apple, inscribed "For the fairest," which was thrown into an assembly of the gods by Eris, the goddess of discord. It was contended for by Juno, Minerva, and Venus, and was adjudged to the latter. -- Apple of love, or Love apple, the tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum). -- Apple of Peru, a large coarse herb (Nicandra physaloides) bearing pale blue flowers, and a bladderlike fruit inclosing a dry berry. -- Apples of Sodom, a fruit described by ancient writers as externally of fair appearance but dissolving into smoke and ashes when plucked; Dead Sea apples. The name is often given to the fruit of Solanum Sodomæum, a prickly shrub with fruit not unlike a small yellow tomato. -- Apple sauce, stewed apples. [U. S.] -- Apple snail or Apple shell (Zoöl.), a fresh-water, operculated, spiral shell of the genus Ampullaria. -- Apple tart, a tart containing apples. -- Apple tree, a tree which naturally bears apples. See Apple, 2. -- Apple wine, cider. -- Apple worm (Zoöl.), the larva of a small moth (Carpocapsa pomonella) which burrows in the interior of apples. See Codling moth. -- Dead Sea Apple. (a) pl.
 Apples of Sodom. Also Fig. "To seek the Dead Sea apples of politics." S. B. Griffin. (b) A kind of gallnut coming from Arabia. See Gallnut.

 Ap"ple (p"p'l), v. i. To grow like an apple; to bear apples. Holland.
 Ap"ple-faced' (&?;), a. Having a round, broad face, like an apple. "Apple-faced children." Dickens.
 Ap"ple-jack' (&?;), n. Apple brandy. [U.S.]

 Ap"ple-john', n.. A kind of apple which by keeping becomes much withered; -- called also Johnapple. Shak.
 Ap"ple pie' (&?;). A pie made of apples (usually sliced or stewed) with spice and sugar.

Apple-pie bed, a bed in which, as a joke, the sheets are so doubled (like the cover of an apple turnover) as to prevent any one from getting at his length between them. Halliwell Conybeare. -- Apple-pie order, perfect order or arrangement. [Colloq.] Halliwell.
 Ap"ple-squire' (&?;), n. A pimp; a kept gallant. [Obs.] Beau.
 & Fl.
 Ap*pli"a*ble (&?;), a. [See Apply.] Applicable; also, compliant. [Obs.] Howell.
 Ap*pli"ance (&?;), n. 1. The act of applying; application; [Obs.] subservience. Shak.
2. The thing applied or used as a means to an end; an apparatus or device; as, to use various appliances; a mechanical appliance; a machine with its appliances.

 Ap'pli*ca*bil"i*ty (&?;), n. The quality of being applicable or fit to be applied.

 Ap"pli*ca*ble (&?;), a. [Cf. F. aplicable, fr. L. applicare.
 See Apply.] Capable of being applied; fit or suitable to be applied; having relevance; as, this observation is applicable to the case under consideration. -- Ap"pli*ca*ble*ness, n. -- Ap"pli*ca*bly, adv.
 Ap"pli*can*cy (&?;), n. The quality or state of being applicable. [R.]

 Ap"pli*cant (&?;), n. [L. applicans, p. pr. of applicare.
 See Apply.] One who apples for something; one who makes request; a petitioner.

 The applicant for a cup of water. Plumtre.
 The court require the applicant to appear in person. Z. Swift.
 Ap"pli*cate (&?;), a. [L. applicatus, p. p. of applicare.
 See Apply.] Applied or put to some use.

 Those applicate sciences which extend the power of man over the elements. I. Taylor.
Applicate number (Math.), one which applied to some concrete case. -- Applicate ordinate, right line applied at right angles to the axis of any conic section, and bounded by the curve.

 Ap"pli*cate (&?;), v. i. To apply. [Obs.]

 The act of faith is applicated to the object. Bp.
 Pearson.
 Ap'pli*ca"tion (&?;), n. [L. applicatio, fr. applicare: cf. F. application. See Apply.] 1. The act of applying or laying on, in a literal sense; as, the application of emollients to a diseased limb.

2. The thing applied.

 He invented a new application by which blood might be stanched.
Johnson.
3. The act of applying as a means; the employment of means to accomplish an end; specific use.

 If a right course... be taken with children, there will not be much need of the application of the common rewards and punishments.
Locke.
4. The act of directing or referring something to a particular case, to discover or illustrate agreement or disagreement, fitness, or correspondence; as, I make the remark, and leave you to make the application; the application of a theory.

 5. Hence, in specific uses: (a) That part of a sermon or discourse in which the principles before laid down and illustrated are applied to practical uses; the "moral" of a fable. (b) The use of the principles of one science for the purpose of enlarging or perfecting another; as, the application of algebra to geometry.

6. The capacity of being practically applied or used; relevancy; as, a rule of general application.

7. The act of fixing the mind or closely applying one's self; assiduous effort; close attention; as, to injure the health by application to study.

 Had his application been equal to his talents, his progress might have been greater. J. Jay.
8. The act of making request of soliciting; as, an application for an office; he made application to a court of chancery.

9. A request; a document containing a request; as, his application was placed on file.

 Ap"pli*ca*tive (p"pl*k*tv), a. [Cf. F. applicatif, fr. L. applicare.
 See Apply.] Capable of being applied or used; applying; applicatory; practical. Bramhall. -- Ap"pli*ca*tive*ly, adv.
 Ap"pli*ca*to*ri*ly (&?;), adv. By way of application.

 Ap"pli*ca*to*ry, a. Having the property of applying; applicative; practical. -- n. That which applies.

 Ap*pli"ed*ly (&?;), adv. By application. [R.]

 Ap*pli"er (&?;), n. He who, or that which, applies.

 Ap*pli"ment (&?;), n. Application. [Obs.] Marston ||Ap'pli'qué" (?; 277


HOLY-CROSS DAY PROTUS THE STATUE AND THE BUST PORPHYRIA'S LOVER "CHILDE ROLAND TO THE DARK TOWER CAME."