and drop them into the hole made. (b) A light furrow or channel made to put seed into sowing. (c) A row of seed sown in a furrow.

 Drill is used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound; as, drill barrow or drill-barrow; drill husbandry; drill plow or drill-plow.

Drill barrow, a wheeled implement for planting seed in drills. -- Drill bow, a small bow used for the purpose of rapidly turning a drill around which the bowstring takes a turn. -- Drill harrow, a harrow used for stirring the ground between rows, or drills. -- Drill plow, or Drill plough, a sort plow for sowing grain in drills.

 Drill (?), n. [Cf. Mandrill.] (Zoöl.) A large African baboon (Cynocephalus leucophæus).

 Drill, n. [Usually in pl.] (Manuf.) Same as Drilling.

Imperial drill, a linen fabric having two threads in the warp and three in the filling.

 Drill"er (?), n. One who, or that which, drills.

 Drill"ing, n. 1. The act of piercing with a drill.

2. A training by repeated exercises.

 Drill"ing, n. The act of using a drill in sowing seeds.

 Drill"ing, n. [G. drillich, fr. L. trilix having three threads, fr. the of tres three + licium a thread of the warm. See Three, and cf. Twill.] (Manuf.) A heavy, twilled fabric of linen or cotton.

 Drill"mas'ter (?), n. One who teaches drill, especially in the way of gymnastics. Macaulay.
 Drill" press'. A machine for drilling holes in metal, the drill being pressed to the metal by the action of a screw.

 Drill"stock' (?), n. (Mech.) A contrivance for holding and turning a drill. Knight.
 Dri"ly (?), adv. See Dryly. Thackeray.
 ||Dri"mys (dr"ms), n. [NL., fr. Gr. drimy's sharp, acrid.] (Bot.)
 A genus of magnoliaceous trees. Drimys aromatica furnishes Winter's bark.

 Drink (drk), v. i. [imp. Drank (drk), formerly Drunk (drk); & p. p. Drunk, Drunken (-'n); p. pr. & vb. n. Drinking. Drunken is now rarely used, except as a verbal adj. in sense of habitually intoxicated; the form drank, not infrequently used as a p. p., is not so analogical.] [AS. drincan; akin to OS. drinkan, D. drinken, G. trinken, Icel. drekka, Sw. dricka, Dan. drikke, Goth. drigkan. Cf. Drench, Drunken, Drown.] 1. To swallow anything liquid, for quenching thirst or other purpose; to imbibe; to receive or partake of, as if in satisfaction of thirst; as, to drink from a spring.

 Gird thyself, and serve me, till have eaten and drunken; and afterward thou shalt eat and drink.

Luke xvii. 8.
 He shall drink of the wrath the Almighty.

Job xxi. 20.
Drink of the cup that can not cloy.

Keble.
2. To quaff exhilarating or intoxicating liquors, in merriment or feasting; to carouse; to revel; hence, to lake alcoholic liquors to excess; to be intemperate in the &?;se of intoxicating or spirituous liquors; to tipple. Pope.
 And they drank, and were merry with him.

Gem. xliii. 34.
 Bolingbroke always spoke freely when he had drunk freely.

Thackeray.
To drink to, to salute in drinking; to wish well to, in the act of taking the cup; to pledge in drinking.

 I drink to the general joy of the whole table, And to our dear friend Banquo.

Shak.
 Drink, v. t. 1. To swallow (a liquid); to receive, as a fluid, into the stomach; to imbibe; as, to drink milk or water.

 There lies she with the blessed gods in bliss, There drinks the nectar with ambrosia mixed.

Spenser.
 The bowl of punch which was brewed and drunk in Mrs. Betty's room.

Thackeray.
2. To take in (a liquid), in any manner; to suck up; to absorb; to imbibe.

 And let the purple violets drink the stream.

Dryden.
3. To take in; to receive within one, through the senses; to inhale; to hear; to see.

 To drink the cooler air, Tennyson.
 My ears have not yet drunk a hundred words Of that tongue's utterance.

Shak.
 Let me... drink delicious poison from thy eye.

Pope.
4. To smoke, as tobacco. [Obs.]

 And some men now live ninety years and past, Who never drank to tobacco first nor last.

Taylor (1630.)
To drink down, to act on by drinking; to reduce or subdue; as, to drink down unkindness. Shak. -- To drink in, to take into one's self by drinking, or as by drinking; to receive and appropriate as in satisfaction of thirst. "Song was the form of literature which he [Burns] had drunk in from his cradle." J. C. Shairp. -- To drink off or up, to drink the whole at a draught; as, to drink off a cup of cordial. -- To drink the health of, or To drink to the health of, to drink while expressing good wishes for the health or welfare of.

 Drink, n. 1. Liquid to be swallowed; any fluid to be taken into the stomach for quenching thirst or for other purposes, as water, coffee, or decoctions.

 Give me some drink, Titinius.

Shak.
2. Specifically, intoxicating liquor; as, when drink is on, wit is out.

Drink money, or Drink penny, an allowance, or perquisite, given to buy drink; a gratuity. -- Drink offering (Script.), an offering of wine, etc., in the Jewish religious service. -- In drink, drunk. "The poor monster's in drink." Shak. -- Strong drink, intoxicating liquor; esp., liquor containing a large proportion of alcohol. " Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging." Prov.
 xx. 1.
 Drink"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being drunk; suitable for drink; potable. Macaulay. Also used substantively, esp. in the plural. Steele.
 Drink"a*ble*ness, n. State of being drinkable.

 Drink"er (?), n. One who drinks; as, the effects of tea on the drinker; also, one who drinks spirituous liquors to excess; a drunkard.

Drinker moth (Zoöl.), a large British moth (Odonestis potatoria).

 Drink"ing, n. 1. The act of one who drinks; the act of imbibing.

2. The practice of partaking to excess of intoxicating liquors.

3. An entertainment with liquors; a carousal.

Drinking is used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound; as, a drinking song, drinking cup, drinking glass, drinking house, etc.

Drinking horn, a drinking vessel made of a horn.

 Drink"less, a. Destitute of drink. Chaucer.
 Drip (?), v. i. [imp. & p.


form verbs from nouns and adjectives; as in strengthen, quicken, frighten. This must not be confused with -en corresponding in Old English to the AS. infinitive ending -an.

4. [AS. -en; akin to Goth. -eins, L. -inus, Gr. &?;.] An adjectival suffix, meaning made of; as in golden, leaden, wooden.

5. [AS. -en; akin to Skr. -na.] The termination of the past participle of many strong verbs; as, in broken, gotten, trodden.

 En (?), n. (Print.) Half an em, that is, half of the unit of space in measuring printed matter. See Em.

 En*a"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enabled (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Enabling (?).] 1. To give strength or ability to; to make firm and strong. [Obs.] "Who hath enabled me." 1 Tim. i.
 12.
 Receive the Holy Ghost, said Christ to his apostles, when he enabled them with priestly power.

Jer. Taylor.
2. To make able (to do, or to be, something); to confer sufficient power upon; to furnish with means, opportunities, and the like; to render competent for; to empower; to endow.

 Temperance gives Nature her full play, and enables her to exert herself in all her force and vigor.

Addison.
 En*a"ble*ment (?), n. The act of enabling, or the state of being enabled; ability. Bacon.
 En*act" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enacted; p. pr.
 & vb. n. Enacting.] 1. To decree; to establish by legal and authoritative act; to make into a law; especially, to perform the legislative act with reference to (a bill) which gives it the validity of law.

2. To act; to perform; to do; to effect. [Obs.]

 The king enacts more wonders than a man.

Shak.
3. To act the part of; to represent; to play.

 I did enact Julius Caesar.

Shak.
Enacting clause, that clause of a bill which formally expresses the legislative sanction.

 En*act", n. Purpose; determination. [Obs.]

 En*act"ive (?), a. Having power to enact or establish as a law. Abp.
 Bramhall.
 En*act"ment (?), n. 1. The passing of a bill into a law; the giving of legislative sanction and executive approval to a bill whereby it is established as a law.

2. That which is enacted or passed into a law; a law; a decree; a statute; a prescribed requirement; as, a prohibitory enactment; a social enactment.

 En*act"or (?), n. One who enacts a law; one who decrees or establishes as a law. Atterbury.
 En*ac"ture (?; 135), n. Enactment; resolution. [Obs.] Shak.
 En*al"i*o*saur' (?), n. (Paleon.) One of the Enaliosauria.

 ||En*al'i*o*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; marine (&?; in + &?; the sea) + &?; a lizard.] (Paleon.) An extinct group of marine reptiles, embracing both the Ichthyosauria and the Plesiosauria, now regarded as distinct orders.

 En*al'i*o*sau"ri*an (?), a. (Paleon.) Pertaining to the Enaliosauria. -- n. One of the Enaliosauria.

 ||E*nal"la*ge (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; an exchange, fr. &?; to exchange; &?; in + &?; to change.] (Gram.) A substitution, as of one part of speech for another, of one gender, number, case, person, tense, mode, or voice, of the same word, for another.

 En*am"bush (?), v. t. To ambush. [Obs.]

 En*am"el (?), n. [Pref. en- + amel. See Amel, Smelt, v. t.] 1. A variety of glass, used in ornament, to cover a surface, as of metal or pottery, and admitting of after decoration in color, or used itself for inlaying or application in varied colors.

2. (Min.) A glassy, opaque bead obtained by the blowpipe.

3. That which is enameled; also, any smooth, glossy surface, resembling enamel, especially if variegated.

4. (Anat.) The intensely hard calcified tissue entering into the composition of teeth. It merely covers the exposed parts of the teeth of man, but in many animals is intermixed in various ways with the dentine and cement.

Enamel painting, painting with enamel colors upon a ground of metal, porcelain, or the like, the colors being afterwards fixed by fire.
 -- Enamel paper, paper glazed a metallic coating.

 En*am"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enameled (?) or Enamelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Enameling or Enamelling.] 1. To lay enamel upon; to decorate with enamel whether inlaid or painted.

 2. To variegate with colors as if with enamel.

 Oft he [the serpent]bowed His turret crest and sleek enameled neck.

Milton.
3. To form a glossy surface like enamel upon; as, to enamel card paper; to enamel leather or cloth.

4. To disguise with cosmetics, as a woman's complexion.

 En*am"el (?), v. i. To practice the art of enameling.

 En*am"el, a. Relating to the art of enameling; as, enamel painting. Tomlinson.
 En*am"el*ar (?), a. Consisting of enamel; resembling enamel; smooth; glossy. [R.] Craig.
 En*am"eled (?), a. Coated or adorned with enamel; having a glossy or variegated surface; glazed. [Written also enamelled.]

 { En*am"el*er (?), En*am"el*ist, } n. One who enamels; a workman or artist who applies enamels in ornamental work. [Written also enameller, enamellist.]

 En*am"or (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enamored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enamoring.] [OF. enamourer, enamorer; pref. en- (L. in) + OF. & F. amour love, L. amor.
 See Amour, and cf. Inamorato.] To inflame with love; to charm; to captivate; -- with of, or with, before the person or thing; as, to be enamored with a lady; to be enamored of books or science. [Written also enamour.]

 Passionately enamored of this shadow of a dream.

W. Irving.
 En*am"or*ment (?), n. The state of being enamored. [R.]

 E*nan'ti*o*mor"phous (?), a. [Gr. 'enanti'os opposite + morfh' form.] (Crystallog.) Similar, but not superposable, i. e., related to each other as a right-handed to a left-handed glove; -- said of certain hemihedral crystals.

 E*nan'ti*o*path"ic (?), a. (Med.) Serving to palliate; palliative. Dunglison.
 E*nan'ti*op"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. &?; of contrary properties or


Clarence Young Author of the Motor Boys Series Cloth. 12mo. Illustrated, Price per volume, $1.00, postpaid JACK RANGER'S SCHOOLDAYS Or, The Rivals of Washington Hall You will love Jack Ranger—you simply can't help it. He is so bright and cheery, and so real and lifelike. A typical boarding school tale, without a dull line in it.
 JACK RANGER'S SCHOOL VICTORIES Or, Track, Gridiron and Diamond In this tale Jack gets back to Washington Hall and goes in for all sorts of school games. There are numerous contests on the athletic field, and also a great baseball game and a football game, all dear to a boy's heart. The rivalry is bitter at times, and enemies try to put Jack "in a hole" more than once.
 JACK RANGER'S WESTERN TRIP Or, From Boarding School to Ranch and Range This volume takes the hero and several of his chums to the great West.
Jack is anxious to clear up the mystery surrounding his father's disappearance. At the ranch and on the range adventures of the strenuous sort befall him.
 JACK RANGER'S OCEAN CRUISE Or, The Wreck of the Polly Ann Here is a tale of the bounding sea, with many stirring adventures.
How the ship was wrecked, and Jack was cast away, is told in a style all boys and girls will find exceedingly interesting. There is plenty of fun as well as excitement.
 JACK RANGER'S GUN CLUB Or, From Schoolroom to Camp and Trail Jack, with his chums, goes in quest of big game. The boys fall in with a mysterious body of men, and have a terrific slide down a mountain side.
 CUPPLES & LEON CO., Publishers, NEW YORK THE DOROTHY DALE SERIES By Margaret Penrose Cloth, 12mo. Illustrated. Price per volume, 60 cents, postpaid DOROTHY DALE: A GIRL OF TO-DAY Dorothy is the daughter of an old Civil War veteran who is running a weekly newspaper in a small Eastern town. When her father falls sick, and the newspaper property is in danger of going to pieces, the girl shows what she can do to support the family.
 DOROTHY DALE AT GLENWOOD SCHOOL More prosperous times have come to the Dale family, and Major Dale resolves to send Dorothy to a boarding school to complete her education. At Glenwood School the girl makes a host of friends and has many good times. But some girls are jealous of Dorothy's popularity, and they seek to get her into trouble in more ways than one.
 DOROTHY DALE'S GREAT SECRET A splendid story of one girl's devotion to another. Dorothy's chum ran away to join a theatrical company. What Dorothy did, and how she kept the secret, makes a tale no girl will care to miss.
 DOROTHY DALE AND HER CHUMS A story of school life, and of strange adventures among the gypsies.
Dorothy befriends a little French girl and also a gypsy waif, in a manner sure to touch the hearts of all readers.
 DOROTHY DALE'S QUEER HOLIDAYS Relates the details of a mystery that surrounded Tanglewood Park.
There is a great snowstorm, and the young folks become snowbound, much to their dismay.
 CUPPLES & LEON CO., Publishers, NEW YORK BOYS OF BUSINESS SERIES By Allen Chapman Illustrated, 12mo. Cloth, 60 cents per volume THE YOUNG EXPRESS AGENT Or, Bart Stirling's Road to Success Bart's father was the express agent in a country town. When an explosion of fireworks rendered him unfit for work, the boy took it upon himself to run the express office. The tale gives a good idea of the express business in general.
 TWO BOY PUBLISHERS Or, From Typecase to Editor's Chair This tale will appeal strongly to all lads who wish to know how a newspaper is printed and published. The two boy publishers work their way up, step by step, from a tiny printing office to the ownership of a town paper.
 MAIL ORDER FRANK Or, A Smart Boy and His Chances Here we have a story covering an absolutely new field—that of the mail-order business. How Frank started in a small way and gradually worked his way tip to a business figure of considerable importance is told in a fascinating manner.
 A BUSINESS BOY Or, Winning Success This relates the ups and downs of a young storekeeper. He has some keen rivals, but "wins out" in more ways than one. All youths who wish to go into business will want this volume.
 CUPPLES & LEON CO., Publishers, NEW YORK MOTOR BOYS SERIES (Trade Mark, Reg. U. S. Pat. Of.)
 By Clarence Young Cloth. 12mo. Illustrated. Price per volume. 60 cents, postpaid THE MOTOR BOYS Or, Chums Through Thick and Thin In this volume is related how the three boys got together and planned to obtain a touring car and make a trip lasting through the summer.
 THE MOTOR BOYS OVERLAND Or, A Long Trip for Fun and Fortune With the money won at the great motorcycle race the three boys purchase their touring car and commence their travels.
 THE MOTOR BOYS IN MEXICO Or, The Secret of the Buried City From our own country the scene is shifted to Mexico, where the motor boys journey in quest of a city said to have been buried centuries ago by an earthquake.
 THE MOTOR BOYS ACROSS THE PLAINS Or, The Hermit of Lost Lake Unraveling the mystery surrounding an old hermit and a poor boy.
 THE MOTOR BOYS AFLOAT Or, The Stirring Cruise of the Dartaway In this volume the boys take to a motorboat, and have many adventures.
 THE MOTOR BOYS ON THE ATLANTIC Or, The Mystery of the Lighthouse How the lads foiled the bad men who wanted to wreck a steamer by means of false lights is dramatically related.
 THE MOTOR BOYS IN STRANGE WATERS Or, Lost in a Floating Forest Telling of many adventures in the mysterious Everglades of Florida.
 THE MOTOR BOYS ON THE PACIFIC Or, The Young Derelict Hunters The derelict was of great value, and the hunt for it proved full of perils.
 THE MOTOR BOYS IN THE CLOUDS Or, A Trip for Fame and Fortune The boys fall in with an inventor and invest in a flying machine. After a number of stirring adventures in the clouds they enter a big race.
 CUPPLES & LEON CO., Publishers, NEW YORK THE BOY HUNTERS SERIES By Captain Ralph Bonehill Cloth. 15mo. Illustrated. Price per volume, 60 cents, postpaid FOUR BOY HUNTERS Or, The Outing of the Gun Club A fine, breezy story of the woods and waters, of adventures in search of game, and of great times around the campfire, told in Captain Bonehill's best style.
In the book are given full directions for camping out.
 GUNS AND SNOWSHOES Or, The Winter Outing of the Young Hunters In this volume the young-hunters leave home for a winter outing on the shores of a small lake. They hunt and trap to their heart's content, and have adventures in plenty, all calculated to make boys "sit up and take notice." A good healthy book; one with the odor of the pine forests and the glare of the welcome campfire in every chapter.
 YOUNG HUNTERS OF THE LAKE Or, Out with Rod and Gun Another tale of woods and waters, with some strong hunting scenes and a good deal of mystery. The three volumes make a splendid outdoor series.
 OUT WITH GUN AND CAMERA Or, The Boy Hunters in the Mountains Takes up the new fad of photographing wild animals as well as shooting them.
An escaped circus chimpanzee and an escaped lion add to


the manner of looking.
"The boy feels warm" is correct. "The boy feels warmly the rebuke of his teacher" is equally correct.
While license is granted to the poets to use the adjective for the adverb, as in the line "They fall successive and successive rise," in prose the one must never be substituted for the other.
"Agreeably to my promise, I now write," not "Agreeable to my promise." "An awful solemn funeral," should be "An awfully solemn funeral." "He acts bolder than was expected," should be "He acts more boldly." "Helen has been awful sick, but she is now considerable better." "Helen has been very ill, but she is now considerably better." Do not use coarser for more coarsely, finer for more finely, harsher for more harshly, conformable for conformably, decided for decidedly, distinct for distinctly, fearful for fearfully, fluent for fluently.
Do not say "This melon is uncommon good," but "This melon is uncommonly good." The word ill is both an adjective and an adverb. Do not say "He can illy afford to live in such a house," but "He can ill afford." "That was a dreadful solemn sermon." To say "That was a dreadfully solemn sermon" would more grammatically express what the speaker intended, but very or exceedingly would better express the meaning.
Such, So Such is often improperly used for the adverb so.
"In such a mild and healthful climate." This should be, "In so mild and healthful a climate." "With all due deference to such a high authority on such a very important matter." Change to, "With all due deference to so high an authority on so very important a matter." Good, Well Many intelligent persons carelessly use the adjective good in the sense of the adverb well; as, "I feel good to-day." "Did you sleep good last night?" "Does this coat look good enough to wear on the street?" "I can do it as good as he can." The frequent indulgence in such errors dulls the sense of taste and weakens the power of discrimination.
Very much of "She is very much of a lady." Say, "She is very ladylike." "He is very much of a gentleman." Say, "He is very gentlemanly." Quite This adverb is often incorrectly used in the sense of very or rather. It should be employed only in the sense of wholly or entirely. These sentences are therefore incorrect: "He was wounded quite severely." "James was quite tired of doing nothing." How This word is sometimes used when another would be more appropriate.
"He said how he would quit farming." Use that.
"Ye see how that not many wise men are called." We must read the Bible as we find it, but in modern English the sentence would be corrected by omitting how.
"Be careful how you offend him." If the manner of offending is the thought to be expressed, the sentence is correct. But the true meaning is doubtless better expressed by, "Be careful lest you offend him." No, Not "I cannot tell whether he will come or no." "Whether he be a sinner or no I know not." In such cases not should be used instead of no.
This much "This much can be said in his favor." Change this much to so much or thus much.
That far The expressions this far and that far, although they are very common, are, nevertheless, incorrect. Thus far or so far should be used instead.
Over, More than "There were not over thirty persons present." Over is incorrect; above has some sanction; but more than, is the best, and should be used.
Real good This is one of those good-natured expressions that insinuate themselves into the speech of even cultured people. Very good is just as short, and much more correct. Really good scarcely conveys the thought intended.
So nice "This basket of flowers is so nice." So nice does not tell how nice. So requires a correlative to complete its meaning.
Use very nice or very pretty.
Pell-mell "He rushes pell-mell down the street." One bird cannot flock by itself, nor can one man rush pell-mell. It will require at least several men to produce the intermixing and confusion which the word is intended to convey.
CHAPTER VIII Conjunctions As a general rule, sentences should not begin with conjunctions. And, or, and nor are often needlessly employed to introduce a sentence.
The disjunctive but may sometimes be used to advantage in this position, and in animated and easy speech or writing the coordinate conjunction and may be serviceable, but these and all other conjunctions, when made to introduce sentences, should be used sparingly.
Reason, Because "The reason I ask you to tell the story is because you can do it better than I." Because means "for the reason." This makes the sentence equivalent to "The reason I ask you to tell the story is for the reason that you can do it better than I." Use that instead of because.
"Because William studied law is no reason why his brother should not do so." The following is better: "That William studied law is no reason why his brother should not do so." Only, Except, But "The house was as convenient as his, only that it was a trifle smaller." Use except for only.
"The field was as large as his, only the soil was less fertile." Use but for only.
But, Except "Being the eldest of the brothers but Philip, who was an invalid, he assumed charge of his father's estate." Except is better than but.
But what, But that "Think no man so perfect but what he may err." Say, "but that he may err." "I could not think but what he was insane." Use but that.
But, If "I should not wonder but the assembly would adjourn to-day." Use if instead of but.
But, That "I have no doubt but he will serve you well." Say, "that he will serve you well." That, That "I wished to show, by your own writings, that so far were you from being competent to teach others English composition, that you had need yourself to study its first principles."—Moon, Dean's English.
The second that is superfluous. This fault is very common with writers who use long sentences. The intervention of details between the first that and the clause which it is intended to introduce causes the writer to forget that he has used the introductory word, and prompts him to repeat it unconsciously.
But "There is no doubt but that he is the greatest painter of the age." The word but is superfluous. "He never doubted but that he was the best fisherman on the coast." Omit but.
That "He told me he would write as soon as he reached London." Say, "He told me that he would write," etc.
Than "The Romans loved war better than the Greeks." Such ambiguous forms should be avoided. As it is not probable that the speaker intended to say that the Romans loved war better than they loved the Greeks, he should have framed his sentence thus: "The Romans loved war better than the Greeks did." But that "He suffered no inconvenience but that arising from the dust." But that, or except that, is correct. Some persons improperly use than that after no.
"I don't know but that I shall go to Europe." Omit that. "I don't know but I shall go," etc.
Other than "We suffered no other inconvenience but that arising from the dust." This is incorrect. After other we should use than.
Therefore, "We suffered no other inconvenience than that arising from the dust." After else, other, rather, and all comparatives, the latter term of comparison should be introduced by the conjunction than.
Either the "Passengers are requested not to converse with either conductor or driver." This is one of those business


Syn. -- State, Situation, Condition. State is the generic term, and denotes in general the mode in which a thing stands or exists.
 The situation of a thing is its state in reference to external objects and influences; its condition is its internal state, or what it is in itself considered. Our situation is good or bad as outward things bear favorably or unfavorably upon us; our condition is good or bad according to the state we are actually in as respects our persons, families, property, and other things which comprise our sources of enjoyment.

 I do not, brother, Infer as if I thought my sister's state Secure without all doubt or controversy.

Milton.
 We hoped to enjoy with ease what, in our situation, might be called the luxuries of life.

Cock.
 And, O, what man's condition can be worse Than his whom plenty starves and blessings curse?

Cowley.
 State (?), a. 1. Stately. [Obs.] Spenser.
2. Belonging to the state, or body politic; public.

 State, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stated; p. pr. & vb.
 n. Stating.] 1. To set; to settle; to establish. [R.]

 I myself, though meanest stated, And in court now almost hated.

Wither.
 Who calls the council, states the certain day.

Pope.
2. To express the particulars of; to set down in detail or in gross; to represent fully in words; to narrate; to recite; as, to state the facts of a case, one's opinion, etc.

To state it. To assume state or dignity. [Obs.] "Rarely dressed up, and taught to state it." Beau. & Fl.
 State, n. A statement; also, a document containing a statement.
 [R.] Sir W. Scott.
 State"craft' (?), n. The art of conducting state affairs; state management; statesmanship.

 Stat"ed (?), a. 1. Settled; established; fixed.

 He is capable of corruption who receives more than what is the stated and unquestionable fee of his office.

Addison.
2. Recurring at regular time; not occasional; as, stated preaching; stated business hours.

 Stat"ed*ly, adv. At stated times; regularly.

 State"ful (?), a. Full of state; stately. [Obs.] "A stateful silence." Marston.
 State"hood (?), n. The condition of being a State; as, a territory seeking Statehood.

 State"house' (?), n. The building in which a State legislature holds its sessions; a State capitol. [U. S.]

 State"less, a. Without state or pomp.

 State"li*ly (?), adv. In a stately manner.

 State"li*ness, n. The quality or state of being stately.

 For stateliness and majesty, what is comparable to a horse?

Dr. H. More.
 State"ly, a. [Compar. Statelier (?); superl.
 Stateliest.] Evincing state or dignity; lofty; majestic; grand; as, statelymanners; a stately gait. "The stately homes of England!" Mrs.
 Hemans. "Filled with stately temples." Prescott.
 Here is a stately style indeed!

Shak.
Syn. -- Lofty; dignified; majestic; grand; august; magnificent.

 State"ly, adv. Majestically; loftily. Milton.
 State"ment (?), n. 1. The act of stating, reciting, or presenting, orally or in paper; as, to interrupt a speaker in the statement of his case.

2. That which is stated; a formal embodiment in language of facts or opinions; a narrative; a recital. "Admirable perspicuity of statement!"
 Brougham.
 State"mon'ger (?), n. One versed in politics, or one who dabbles in state affairs.

 State'pris"on (?). See under State, n. Stat"er (?), n. One who states.

 ||Sta"ter (?), n. [L. stater, Gr. &?;.] (Gr. Antiq.)
 The principal gold coin of ancient Grece. It varied much in value, the stater best known at Athens being worth about £1 2s., or about $5.35. The Attic silver tetradrachm was in later times called stater.

 State"room' (?), n. 1. A magnificent room in a place or great house.

2. A small apartment for lodging or sleeping in the cabin, or on the deck, of a vessel; also, a somewhat similar apartment in a railway sleeping car.

 States"-gen"er*al (?), n. 1. In France, before the Revolution, the assembly of the three orders of the kingdom, namely, the clergy, the nobility, and the third estate, or commonalty.

2. In the Netherlands, the legislative body, composed of two chambers.

 States"man (?), n.; pl. Statesmen (&?;). 1.
 A man versed in public affairs and in the principles and art of government; especially, one eminent for political abilities.

 The minds of some of our statesmen, like the pupil of the human eye, contract themselves the more, the stronger light there is shed upon them.

More.
2. One occupied with the affairs of government, and influental in shaping its policy.

3. A small landholder. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
 States"man*like' (?), a. Having the manner or wisdom of statesmen; becoming a statesman.

 States"man*ly, a. Becoming a statesman.

 States"man*ship, n. The qualifications, duties, or employments of a statesman.

 States"wom'an (?), n.; pl. Stateswomen (&?;). A woman concerned in public affairs.

 A rare stateswoman; I admire her bearing.

B. Jonson.
 Stath"mo*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?; a measuring line + -graph.]
 A contrivance for recording the speed of a railway train. Knight.
 { Stat"ic (?), Stat"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?; causing to stand, skilled in weighing, fr. &?; to cause to stand: cf. F. statique.
 See Stand, and cf. Stage.] 1. Resting; acting by mere weight without motion; as, statical pressure; static objects.

2. Pertaining to bodies at rest or in equilibrium.

Statical electricity. See Note under Electricity, 1. -- Statical moment. See under Moment.

 Stat"ic*al*ly, adv. In a statical manner.

 Stat"ics (?), n. [Cf. F. statique, Gr. &?; the art of weighing, fr. &?;. See Static.] That branch of mechanics which treats of the equilibrium of forces, or relates to bodies as held at rest by the forces acting on them; -- distinguished from dynamics.

Social statics, the study of the conditions which concern the existence and permanence of the social state.

 Stat"ing (?), n. The act of one who states anything; statement; as, the statingof one's opinions.

 Sta"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L. statio, from stare, statum, to stand. See Stand.] 1. The act of standing; also, attitude or pose in standing; posture. [R.]

 A station like the herald, Mercury.

Shak.
 Their manner was to stand at prayer, whereupon their meetings unto that purpose... had the names of stations given them.

Hooker.
2. A state of standing or rest; equilibrium. [Obs.]

 All progression is performed by drawing on or impelling forward some part which was before in station, or at quiet.

Sir T. Browne.
3. The spot or place where anything stands, especially where a person or thing habitually stands, or is appointed to remain for a time; as, the station of a sentinel


. This distinction is not always maintained as to remark and observe, which are often used interchangeably. "Observing men may form many judgments by the rules of similitude and proportion." I. Watts. "He can not distinguish difficult and noble speculations from trifling and vulgar remarks."
 Collier. "The thing to be regarded, in taking notice of a child's miscarriage, is what root it springs from." Locke.
 Re*mark" (r?-m?rk"), v. i. To make a remark or remarks; to comment.

 Re*mark", n. [Cf. F. remarque.] 1. Act of remarking or attentively noticing; notice or observation.

 The cause, though worth the search, may yet elude Conjecture and remark, however shrewd.

Cowper.
2. The expression, in speech or writing, of something remarked or noticed; the mention of that which is worthy of attention or notice; hence, also, a casual observation, comment, or statement; as, a pertinent remark.

Syn. -- Observation; note; comment; annotation.

 Re*mark"a*ble (-?-b'l), a. [F. remarquable.] Worthy of being remarked or noticed; noticeable; conspicuous; hence, uncommon; extraordinary.

 'T is remarkable, that they Talk most who have the least to say.

Prior.
 There is nothing left remarlable Beneath the visiting moon.

Shak.
Syn. -- Observable; noticeable; extraordinary; unusual; rare; strange; wonderful; notable; eminent.

 -- Re*mark"a*ble*ness, n. -- Re*mark"a*bly, adv.
 Re*mark"er (-?r), n. One who remarks.

 Re*mar"riage (r?-m?r"r?j), n. A second or repeated marriage.

 Re*mar"ry (r?-m?r"rr?), v. t. & i. To marry again.

 Re*mast" (r?-m?st"), v. t. To furnish with a new mast or set of masts.

 Re*mas"ti*cate (r?-m?s"t?-k?t), v. t. To chew or masticate again; to chew over and over, as the cud.

 Re*mas'ti*ca"tion (-k?"sh?n), n. The act of masticating or chewing again or repeatedly.

 Rem"berge (r?m"b?rj), n. See Ramberge.

 ||Rem'blai" (r?n'bl?"), n. [F., fr. remblayer to fill up an excavation, to embank.] (Fort. & Engin.) Earth or materials made into a bank after having been excavated.

 Rem"ble (r&?;m"b'l), v. t. [Cf. OF. embler to steal, fr.
 L. involare to fly into or at, to carry off.] To remove. [Prov.
 Eng.] Grose. Tennyson.
 Reme (r&?;m), n. Realm. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Re*mean" (r&?;-m&?;n"), v. t. To give meaning to; to explain the meaning of; to interpret. [Obs.] Wyclif.
 Re"me*ant (r&?;"m&?;*ant), a. [L. remeans, -antis, p. pr. of remeare to go or come back.] Coming back; returning. [R.]
 "Like the remeant sun." C. Kingsley.
 Re*meas"ure (r?-m?zh"?r; 135), v. t. To measure again; to retrace.

 They followed him... The way they came, their steps remeasured right.

Fairfax.
 Re*mede" (r?-m?d"), n. Remedy. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Re*me"di*a*ble (r?-m?"d?-?-b'l), a. [L. remediabilis: cf. F.
 remédiable.] Capable of being remedied or cured.

 -- Re*me"di*a*ble*ness, n. - Re*me"di*a*bly, adv.
 Re*me"di*al (-al), a. [L. remedialis.] Affording a remedy; intended for a remedy, or for the removal or abatement of an evil; as, remedial treatment.

 Statutes are declaratory or remedial.

Blackstone.
 It is an evil not compensated by any beneficial result; it is not remedial, not conservative.

I. Taylor.
 Re*me"di*al*ly, adv. In a remedial manner.

 Re*me"di*ate (-?t), a. Remedial. [R.] Shak.
 Re*med"i*less (r?-m?d"?-l?s or r?m"?-d?-l?s; 277), a. 1. Not admitting of a remedy; incapable of being restored or corrected; incurable; irreparable; as, a remediless mistake or loss. "Chains remedilesse." Spenser.
 Hopeless are all my evils, all remediless.

Milton.
2. Not answering as a remedy; ineffectual. [Obs.]

 Forced to forego the attempt remediless.

Spenser.
Syn. -- Incurable; cureless; irremediable; irrecoverable; irretrievable; irreparable; desperate.

 -- Re*med"i*less, adv. [Obs.] Udall. -- Re*med"i*less*ly, adv.
 -- Re*med"i*less*ness, n. Rem"e*dy (r?m"?-d?), n.; pl. Remedies (-d&?;z).
 [L. remedium; pref. rere- + mederi to heal, to cure: cf. F. remède remedy, remédier to remedy. See Medical.]

1. That which relieves or cures a disease; any medicine or application which puts an end to disease and restores health; -- with for; as, a remedy for the gout.

2. That which corrects or counteracts an evil of any kind; a corrective; a counteractive; reparation; cure; -- followed by for or against, formerly by to.

 What may else be remedy or cure To evils which our own misdeeds have wrought, He will instruct us.

Milton.
3. (Law) The legal means to recover a right, or to obtain redress for a wrong.

Civil remedy. See under Civil. -- Remedy of the mint (Coinage), a small allowed deviation from the legal standard of weight and fineness; -- called also tolerance.

Syn. -- Cure; restorative; counteraction; reparation; redress; relief; aid; help; assistance.

 Rem"e*dy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Remedied (-d?d); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Remedying.] [L. remediare, remediari: cf.
 F. rem&?;dier. See Remedy, n.] To apply a remedy to; to relieve; to cure; to heal; to repair; to redress; to correct; to counteract.

 I will remedy this gear ere long.

Shak.
 Re*melt" (r?-m?lt"), v. t. To melt again.

 Re*mem"ber (r?-m?m"b?r), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Remembered (-b?rd); p. pr. & vb. n. Remembering.] [OF. remebrer, L. rememorari; pref. rere- + memorare to bring to remembrance, from memor mindful. See Memory, and cf. Rememorate.]
 1. To have ( a notion or idea) come into the mind again, as previously perceived, known, or felt; to have a renewed


ored; ill-natured; irritable; waspish; captious; petulant; splenetic; spleeny; passionate; angry. - - Fretful, Peevish, Cross. These words all indicate an unamiable working and expression of temper. Peevish marks more especially the inward spirit: a peevish man is always ready to find fault. Fretful points rather to the outward act, and marks a complaining impatience: sickly children are apt to be fretful. Crossness is peevishness mingled with vexation or anger.

 Frett (?), n. [See 2d Fret.] (Mining) The worn side of the bank of a river. See 4th Fret, n., 4.

 Frett, n. [See Frit.] A vitreous compound, used by potters in glazing, consisting of lime, silica, borax, lead, and soda.

 Fret"ted (?), p. p. & a. [From 2d Fret.]

1. Rubbed or worn away; chafed.

2. Agitated; vexed; worried.

 Fret"ted, p. p. & a. [See 5th Fret.] 1. Ornamented with fretwork; furnished with frets; variegated; made rough on the surface.

2. (Her.) Interlaced one with another; -- said of charges and ordinaries.

 Fret"ten (?), a. [The old p. p. of fret to rub.] Rubbed; marked; as, pock-fretten, marked with the smallpox. [Obs.] Wright.
 Fret"ter (?), n. One who, or that which, frets.

 Fret"ty, a. [See 5th Fret.] Adorned with fretwork.

 ||Fre"tum (?), n.; pl. Freta (#). [L.] A strait, or arm of the sea.

 Fret"work (?), n. [6th fret + work.] Work adorned with frets; ornamental openwork or work in relief, esp. when elaborate and minute in its parts. Hence, any minute play of light and shade, dark and light, or the like.

 Banqueting on the turf in the fretwork of shade and sunshine.

Macaulay.
 Frey"a (fr"), n. [Icel. Freyja.] (Scand. Myth.) The daughter of Njörd, and goddess of love and beauty; the Scandinavian Venus; - - in Teutonic myths confounded with Frigga, but in Scandinavian, distinct. [Written also Frea, Freyia, and Freyja.]

 Fri"a*bii"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. friabilité.] The quality of being friable; friableness. Locke.
 Fri"a*ble (?), a. [L. friabilis, fr. friare to rub, break, or crumble into small pieces, cf. fricare to rub, E. fray: cf. F. friable.] Easily crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder.
 "Friable ground." Evelyn. "Soft and friable texture."
 Paley. -- Fri'a*ble*ness, n. Fri"ar (?), n. [OR. frere, F. frère brother, friar, fr. L. frater brother. See Brother.] 1. (R. C. Ch.) A brother or member of any religious order, but especially of one of the four mendicant orders, viz: (a) Minors, Gray Friars, or Franciscans. (b) Augustines. (c) Dominicans or Black Friars.
(d) White Friars or Carmelites. See these names in the Vocabulary.

2. (Print.) A white or pale patch on a printed page.

3. (Zoöl.) An American fish; the silversides.

Friar bird (Zoöl.), an Australian bird (Tropidorhynchus corniculatus), having the head destitute of feathers; -- called also coldong, leatherhead, pimlico; poor soldier, and four- o'clock. The name is also applied to several other species of the same genus. -- Friar's balsam (Med.), a stimulating application for wounds and ulcers, being an alcoholic solution of benzoin, styrax, tolu balsam, and aloes; compound tincture of benzoin.
 Brande & C. -- Friar's cap (Bot.), the monkshood.
 -- Friar's cowl (Bot.), an arumlike plant (Arisarum vulgare) with a spathe or involucral leaf resembling a cowl. -- Friar's lantern, the ignis fatuus or Will-o'-the-wisp. Milton. -- Friar skate (Zoöl.), the European white or sharpnosed skate (Raia alba); -- called also Burton skate, border ray, scad, and doctor.

 Fri"ar*ly, a. Like a friar; inexperienced. Bacon.
 Fri"ar*y (?), a. [From Friar, n.] Like a friar; pertaining to friars or to a convent. [Obs.] Camden.
 Fri"ar*y, n. [OF. frerie, frairie, fr. frère.
 See Friar.] 1. A monastery; a convent of friars. Drugdale.
2. The institution or practices of friars. Fuller.
 Fri*a"tion (?), n. [See Friable.] The act of breaking up or pulverizing.

 Frib"ble (?), a. [Cf. F. frivole, L. frivolus, or E.
 frippery.] Frivolous; trifling; silly.

 Frib"ble, n. A frivolous, contemptible fellow; a fop.

 A pert fribble of a peer.

Thackeray.
 Frib"ble, v. i. 1. To act in a trifling or foolish manner; to act frivolously.

 The fools that are fribbling round about you.

Thackeray.
2. To totter. [Obs.]

 Frib"bler (?), n. A trifler; a fribble.

 Frib"bling (?), a. Frivolous; trining; toolishly captious.

 { Fri"borg, Fri"borgh } (?), n. [AS. friðborh, lit., peace pledge; frið peace + borh, borg, pledge, akin to E. borrow. The first part of the word was confused with free, the last part, with borough.] (Old Eng. Law) The pledge and tithing, afterwards called by the Normans frankpledge. See Frankpledge. [Written also friburgh and fribourg.] Burril.
 Fric"ace (?), n. [See Fricassee.] 1. Meat sliced and dressed with strong sauce. [Obs.] King.
2. An unguent; also, the act of rubbing with the unguent.

 ||Fri'can'deau" (?), ||Fric'an*do" (&?;), n. [F. fricandeau; cf. Sp. fricandó.] A ragout or fricassee of veal; a fancy dish of veal or of boned turkey, served as an entrée, - - called also fricandel. A. J. Cooley.
 Fric"as*see' (?), n. [F. fricassée, fr. fricasser to fry, fricassee; cf. LL. fricare, perh. for frictare, fricare, frictum, to rub. Cf. Fry, Friction.] A dish made of fowls, veal, or other meat of small animals cut into pieces, and stewed in a gravy.

 Fric"as*see', v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fricasseed (?); p. pr. &. vb. n. Fricasseeing.] To dress


4) the original UUCP transport for Usenet was fading out of use (see UUCPNET) - almost all Usenet connections were over Internet links. A lot of newbies and journalists began to refer to "Internet newsgroups" as though Usenet was and always had been just another Internet service.
This ignorance greatly annoys experienced Usenetters.
Node:Usenet Death Penalty, Next:user, Previous:Usenet, Up:= U = Usenet Death Penalty [Usenet] A sanction against sites that habitually spew Usenet spam. This can be either passive or active. A passive UDP refers to the dropping of all postings by a particular domain so as to inhibit propagation. An active UDP refers to third-party cancellation of all postings by the UDPed domain. A partial UDP is one which applies only to certain newsgroups or hierarchies in Usenet. Compare Internet Death Penalty, with which this term is sometimes confused.
Node:user, Next:user-friendly, Previous:Usenet Death Penalty, Up:= U = user n.
1. Someone doing 'real work' with the computer, using it as a means rather than an end. Someone who pays to use a computer. See real user. 2. A programmer who will believe anything you tell him. One who asks silly questions.
[GLS observes: This is slightly unfair. It is true that users ask questions (of necessity). Sometimes they are thoughtful or deep.
Very often they are annoying or downright stupid, apparently because the user failed to think for two seconds or look in the documentation before bothering the maintainer.] See luser. 3. Someone who uses a program from the outside, however skillfully, without getting into the internals of the program. One who reports bugs instead of just going ahead and fixing them.
The general theory behind this term is that there are two classes of people who work with a program: there are implementors (hackers) and lusers. The users are looked down on by hackers to some extent because they don't understand the full ramifications of the system in all its glory.
(The few users who do are known as 'real winners'.) The term is a relative one: a skilled hacker may be a user with respect to some program he himself does not hack. A LISP hacker might be one who maintains LISP or one who uses LISP (but with the skill of a hacker). A LISP user is one who uses LISP, whether skillfully or not. Thus there is some overlap between the two terms; the subtle distinctions must be resolved by context.
Node:user-friendly, Next:user-obsequious, Previous:user, Up:= U = user-friendly adj.
Programmer-hostile. Generally used by hackers in a critical tone, to describe systems that hold the user's hand so obsessively that they make it painful for the more experienced and knowledgeable to get any work done. See menuitis, drool-proof paper, Macintrash, user-obsequious.
Node:user-obsequious, Next:userland, Previous:user-friendly, Up:= U = user-obsequious adj.
Emphatic form of user-friendly. Connotes a system so verbose, inflexible, and determinedly simple-minded that it is nearly unusable. "Design a system any fool can use and only a fool will want to use it." See WIMP environment, Macintrash.
Node:userland, Next:USG Unix, Previous:user-obsequious, Up:= U = userland n. Anywhere outside the kernel. "That code belongs in userland."
This term has been in common use among Linux kernel hackers since at leat 1997, and seems to have originated in that community.
Node:USG Unix, Next:UTSL, Previous:userland, Up:= U = USG Unix /U-S-G yoo'niks/ n.,obs.
Refers to AT&T Unix commercial versions after Version 7, especially System III and System V releases 1, 2, and 3. So called because during most of the lifespan of those versions AT&T's support crew was called the 'Unix Support Group', but it is applied to version that preand post-dated the USG group but were of the same lineage. This term is now historical. See BSD, Unix.
Node:UTSL, Next:UUCPNET, Previous:USG Unix, Up:= U = UTSL // n.
[Unix] On-line acronym for 'Use the Source, Luke' (a pun on Obi-Wan Kenobi's "Use the Force, Luke!" in "Star Wars") -- analogous to RTFS (sense 1), but more polite. This is a common way of suggesting that someone would be better off reading the source code that supports whatever feature is causing confusion, rather than making yet another futile pass through the manuals, or broadcasting questions on Usenet that haven't attracted wizards to answer them.
Once upon a time in elder days, everyone running Unix had source. After 1978, AT&T's policy tightened up, so this objurgation was in theory appropriately directed only at associates of some outfit with a Unix source license. In practice, bootlegs of Unix source code (made precisely for reference purposes) were so ubiquitous that one could utter it at almost anyone on the network without concern.
Nowadays, free Unix clones have become widely enough distributed that anyone can read source legally. The most widely distributed is certainly Linux, with variants of the NET/2 and 4.4BSD distributions running second. Cheap commercial Unixes with source such as BSD/OS are accelerating this trend.
Node:UUCPNET, Next:V7, Previous:UTSL, Up:= U = UUCPNET n. obs.
The store-and-forward network consisting of all the world's connected Unix machines (and others running some clone of the UUCP (Unix-to-Unix CoPy) software). Any machine reachable only via a bang path is on UUCPNET.
This term has been rendered obsolescent by the spread of cheap Internet connections in the 1990s; the few remaining UUCP links are essentially slow channels to the Internet rather than an autonomous network. See network address.
Node:= V =, Next:= W =, Previous:= U =, Up:The Jargon Lexicon = V = V7: vadding: vanilla: vanity domain: vannevar: vaporware: var: vaston: VAX: VAXectomy: VAXen: vaxherd: vaxism: vaxocentrism: vdiff: veeblefester: velveeta: ventilator card: Venus flytrap: verbage: verbiage: Version 7: vgrep: vi: video toaster: videotex: virgin: virtual: virtual beer: virtual Friday: virtual reality: virtual shredder: virus: visionary: VMS: voice: voice-net: voodoo programming: VR: Vulcan nerve pinch: vulture capitalist: Node:V7, Next:vadding, Previous:UUCPNET, Up:= V = V7 /V'sev'en/ n. See Version 7.
Node:vadding, Next:vanilla, Previous:V7, Up:= V = vadding /vad'ing/ n.
[from VAD, a permutation of ADV (i.e., ADVENT), used to avoid a particular admin's continual search-and-destroy sweeps for the game] A leisure-time activity of certain hackers involving the covert exploration of the 'secret' parts of large buildings -- basements, roofs, freight elevators, maintenance crawlways, steam tunnels, and the like. A few go so far as to learn locksmithing in order to synthesize vadding keys. The verb is 'to vad' (compare phreaking; see also hack, sense 9). This term dates from the late 1970s, before which such activity was simply called 'hacking'; the older usage is still prevalent at MIT.
The most extreme and dangerous form of vadding is 'elevator rodeo', a.k.a. 'elevator surfing', a sport played by wrasslin' down a thousand-pound elevator car with a 3-foot piece of string, and then exploiting this mastery in various stimulating ways (such as elevator hopping, shaft exploration, rat-racing, and the ever-popular drop experiments). Kids, don't try this at home! See also hobbit (sense 2).
Node:vanilla, Next:vanity domain, Previous:vadding


end, about nine inches in length, projecting at right angles from the main part.

 Left, a. Situated so that the left side of the body is toward it; as, the left side of a deliberative meeting is that to the left of the presiding officer; the left wing of an army is that to the left of the center to one facing an enemy.

 Leg, n. 1. (Math.) Either side of a triangle of a triangle as distinguished from the base or, in a right triangle, from the hypotenuse; also, an indefinitely extending branch of a curve, as of a hyperbola.

2. (Telephony) A branch or lateral circuit connecting an instrument with the main line.

3. (Elec.) A branch circuit; one phase of a polyphase system.

 Leg bridge. A type of bridge for small spans in which the floor girders are rigidly secured at their extremities to supporting steel legs, driven into the round as piling, or resting on mudsills.

 Legislature, n. -- The legislatures of some of the more important states having constitutional government are as follows, the general name (or a translation of it) of the legislative body collectively being given under the heading legislature, or parliament: ---------------------------------------------------------------- *In the self-governing colonies of Great Britain the legislative body usually consists of two chambers, the names of the legislature and the chambers varying. Thus in Australia the Federal Parliament is composed of the Senate and the House of Commons, in New Zealand the General Assembly is composed of the Legislative Council and the House of Representatives, etc.

 _TAG_ of the Storthing are chosen for three years by direct election by manhood suffrage, forty-one being elected from the towns and eighty-two from the rural districts. The Storthing on assembling divides into the Lagthing including one fourth and the Odelsthing including three fourths of the total membership of the Storthing. All new laws are laid first before the Odelsthing. If the two houses do not agree they vote in joint session, a majority of two thirds of those voting being necessary to a decision.

 § While theoretically general, the suffrage is so classified as often practically to disfranchise those who are not property holders.

 Leg"-of-mut"ton (?), a. Having the general shape or outline of a leg of mutton; as, a leg-ofmutton, or shoulder-of-mutton, sail.

 Le*nard" rays (?). (Physics.) Rays emanating from the outer surface of a plate composed of any material permeable by cathode rays, as aluminium, which forms a portion of a wall of a vacuum tube, or which is mounted within the tube and exposed to radiation from the cathode. Lenard rays are similar in all their known properties to cathode rays. So called from the German physicist Philipp Lenard (b. 1862), who first described them.

 Lenard tube. (Elec.) A tube for producing Lenard rays.

 Les"bi*an, a. Amatory; erotic; -- in allusion to the reputed sensuality of the Lesbian people and literature; as, Lesbian novels.

 Les"bi*an*ism (?), n. (Med.) Unnatural sexual relations between women.

 Lesbian love. See Lesbianism.

 ||Les"ter (?), n. [Pg., prob. fr. Fr. l'est the east.] (Meteor.)
 A dry sirocco in the Madeira Islands.

 Let"ter, n. (Teleg.) A telegram longer than an ordinary message sent at rates lower than the standard message rate in consideration of its being sent and delivered subject to priority in service of regular messages. Such telegrams are called by the Western Union Company day, or night, letters according to the time of sending, and by The Postal Telegraph Company day, or night, lettergrams.

 Let"ter*gram (?), n. See Letter, above.

 ||Le*ve"che (?), n. [Sp. Cf. Lebeccio.] (Meteor.) A dry sirocco of Spain.

 Le'vo*ro*ta"tion (?), n. [Written also lævorotation.]
 [Levo- + rotation.] (Physics & Chem.) Rotation in the direction of an outgoing right-handed screw; counter-clockwise rotation; -- applied chiefly to the turning of the plane of polarization of light.

 Li'bel*lee" (?), n. (Law) (a) The party against whom a libel has been filed; -- corresponding to defendant in a common law action. (b) The defendant in an action of libel.

 ||Lie"der*kranz, n. [G. See Lied, and Grants.] (Mus.)
 Lit., wreath of songs; -- used as the title of a group of songs, and esp.
 as the common name for German vocal clubs of men.

 Light"*struck', a. (Photog.) Damaged by accidental exposure to light; light-fogged; -- said of plates or films.

 Light"weight' (?), n. One of less than average weight; specif.: (a) In boxing, wrestling, etc., one weighingnot more than 133 pounds (U. S. amateur rules 135 pounds, Eng. 140 pounds). (b) A person of small impotance or mental ability. [Colloq., Chiefly U. S.]

 Light"weight', a. Light in weight, as a coin; specif., applied to a man or animal who is a lightweight.

 Light year. (Astron.) The distance over which light can travel in a year's time; -- used as a unit in expressing stellar distances. It is more than 63,000 times as great as the distance from the earth to the sun.

 Like, n. (Golf) The stroke which equalizes the number of strokes played by the opposing player or side; as, to play the like.

 ||Li"kin', n. [Written also lekin.] [ Chin. li kin; li the thousandth part of a tael + kin money.] A Chinese provincial tax levied at many inland stations upon imports or articles in transit.

 "Likin," which used to be regarded as illegal, as one of the many, "squeezes" imposed by the mandarins, is, in Jamieson's opinion, just as legal as any other form of taxation.

A. R. Colquhoun.
 Lil"y, n. (Auction Bridge) A royal spade; -- usually in pl.
 See Royal spade, below.

 {Lim"burg cheese, Lim"burg*er, n., Lim"burg*er cheese} (?). A soft cheese made in the Belgian province of Limburg (Limbourg), and usually not eaten until the curing has developed a peculiar and, to most people, unpleasant odor.

 Lime"light', n. (Theat.) That part of the stage upon which the limelight as cast, usually where the most important action is progressing or where the leading player or players are placed and upon which the attention of the spectators is therefore concentrated. Hence, consspicuous position before the public; as, politicians who are never happy except in the limelight.

 Lim"er*ick (?), n. [Said to be from a song with the same verse construction, current in Ireland, the refrain of which contains the place name Limerick.] A nonsense poem of five anapestic lines, of which lines 1, 2, and 5 are of there feet, and rime, and lines 3 and 4 are of two feet, and rime; as -- There was a young lady, Amanda, Whose Ballades Lyriques were quite fin de Siècle, I deem But her Journal Intime Was what sent her papa to Uganda.
 Li'mou*sine" (?), n. [Cf. F. limousine a kind of cloak, fr.
 Limousin, an old province


of different elevation.

 Providence, for the most part, sets us on a level.

Addison.
 Somebody there of his own level.

Swift.
 Be the fair level of thy actions laid As temperance wills and prudence may persuade.

Prior.
5. A uniform or average height; a normal plane or altitude; a condition conformable to natural law or which will secure a level surface; as, moving fluids seek a level.

 When merit shall find its level.

F. W. Robertson.
6. (Mech. & Surv.) (a) An instrument by which to find a horizontal line, or adjust something with reference to a horizontal line. (b) A measurement of the difference of altitude of two points, by means of a level; as, to take a level.

7. A horizontal passage, drift, or adit, in a mine.

Air level, a spirit level. See Spirit level (below).
 -- Box level, a spirit level in which a glass-covered box is used instead of a tube. -- Carpenter's level, Mason's level, either the plumb level or a straight bar of wood, in which is imbedded a small spirit level. -- Level of the sea, the imaginary level from which heights and depths are calculated, taken at a mean distance between high and low water. -- Line of levels, a connected series of measurements, by means of a level, along a given line, as of a railroad, to ascertain the profile of the ground. -- Plumb level, one in which a horizontal bar is placed in true position by means of a plumb line, to which it is at right angles. -- Spirit level, one in which the adjustment to the horizon is shown by the position of a bubble in alcohol or ether contained in a nearly horizontal glass tube, or a circular box with a glass cover. -- Surveyor's level, a telescope, with a spirit level attached, and with suitable screws, etc., for accurate adjustment, the whole mounted on a tripod, for use in leveling; -- called also leveling instrument. -- Water level, an instrument to show the level by means of the surface of water in a trough, or in upright tubes connected by a pipe.

 Lev"el (lv"l), a. 1. Even; flat; having no part higher than another; having, or conforming to, the curvature which belongs to the undisturbed liquid parts of the earth's surface; as, a level field; level ground; the level surface of a pond or lake.

 Ample spaces o'er the smooth And level pavement.

Milton.
2. Coinciding or parallel with the plane of the horizon; horizontal; as, the telescope is now level.

3. Even with anything else; of the same height; on the same line or plane; on the same footing; of equal importance; -- followed by with, sometimes by to.

 Young boys and girls Are level now with men; the odds is gone.

Shak.
 Everything lies level to our wish.

Shak.
4. Straightforward; direct; clear; open.

 A very plain and level account.

M. Arnold.
5. Well balanced; even; just; steady; impartial; as, a level head; a level understanding. [Colloq.] " A level consideration." Shak.
6. (Phonetics) Of even tone; without rising or falling inflection. H. Sweet.
Level line (Shipbuilding), the outline of a section which is horizontal crosswise, and parallel with the rabbet of the keel lengthwise.
 -- Level surface (Physics), an equipotential surface at right angles at every point to the lines of force.

 Lev"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Leveled (-ld) or Levelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Leveling or Levelling.] 1. To make level; to make horizontal; to bring to the condition of a level line or surface; hence, to make flat or even; as, to level a road, a walk, or a garden.

2. To bring to a lower level; to overthrow; to topple down; to reduce to a flat surface; to lower.

 And their proud structures level with the ground.

Sandys.
 He levels mountains and he raises plains.

Dryden.
3. To bring to a horizontal position, as a gun; hence, to point in taking aim; to aim; to direct.

 Bertram de Gordon, standing on the castle wall, leveled a quarrel out of a crossbow.

Stow.
4. Figuratively, to bring to a common level or plane, in respect of rank, condition, character, privilege, etc.; as, to level all the ranks and conditions of men.

5. To adjust or adapt to a certain level; as, to level remarks to the capacity of children.

 For all his mind on honor fixed is, To which he levels all his purposes.

Spenser.
 Lev"el, v. i. 1. To be level; to be on a level with, or on an equality with, something; hence, to accord; to agree; to suit. [Obs.]

 With such accommodation and besort As levels with her breeding.

Shak.
2. To aim a gun, spear, etc., horizontally; hence, to aim or point a weapon in direct line with the mark; fig., to direct the eye, mind, or effort, directly to an object.

 The foeman may with as great aim level at the edge of a penknife.

Shak.
 The glory of God and the good of his church... ought to be the mark whereat we also level.

Hooker.
 She leveled at our purposes.

Shak.
 Lev"el*er (-r), n. [Written also leveller.] 1. One who, or that which, levels.

2. One who would remove social inequalities or distinctions; a socialist.

 Lev"el*ing, n. [Written also levelling.] 1. The act or operation of making level.

2. (Surveying) The art or operation of using a leveling instrument for finding a horizontal line, for ascertaining the differences of level between different points of the earth's surface included in a survey, for establishing grades, etc., as in finding the descent of a river, or locating a line of railroad.

Leveling instrument. See Surveyor's level, under Level, n.
 -- Leveling staff, a graduated rod or staff used in connection with a leveling instrument for measuring differences of level between points.

 Lev"el*ism (-z'm), n. The disposition or endeavor to level all distinctions of rank in society.

 Lev"el*ly, adv. In an even or level manner.

 Lev"el*ness, n. The state or quality of being level.

 Lev"en (lv"en), n. [See Levin.] Lightning. [Obs.]

 Wild thunder dint and fiery leven.

Chaucer.
 Lev"er (l"vr), a. [Old compar. of leve or lief.] More agreeable; more pleasing. [Obs.] Chaucer.
To be lever than. See Had as lief, under Had.

 Lev"er, adv. Rather. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 For lever had I die than see his deadly face.

Spenser.
 Le"ver (l"vr or lv"r; 277), n. [OE. levour, OF. leveor, prop., a lifter, fr. F. lever to raise, L. levare; akin to levis light in weight, E. levity, and perh. to E. light not heavy: cf. F. levier. Cf. Alleviate, Elevate, Leaven, Legerdemain, Levee, Levy, n.] 1. (Mech.) A rigid piece which is capable of turning about one point, or axis (the fulcrum), and in which are two or more other points where forces are applied; --


hyphen), as, door frame, doorbell or door bell, door knob or doorknob, door latch or doorlatch, door jamb, door handle, door mat, door panel.

 Door"case' (?), n. The surrounding frame into which a door shuts.

 Door"cheek' (?), n. The jamb or sidepiece of a door. Ex. xii. 22 (Douay version).
 ||Door"ga (?), n. [Skr. Durg.] (Myth.) A Hindoo divinity, the consort of Siva, represented with ten arms. [Written also Durga.] Malcom.
 Door"ing (?), n. The frame of a door. Milton.
 Door"keep'er (?), n. One who guards the entrance of a house or apartment; a porter; a janitor.

 Door"less, a. Without a door.

 Door"nail' (?), n. The nail or knob on which in ancient doors the knocker struck; -- hence the old saying, "As dead as a doornail."

 Door"plane' (?), n. A plane on a door, giving the name, and sometimes the employment, of the occupant.

 Door"post' (?), n. The jamb or sidepiece of a doorway.

 Door"sill' (?), n. The sill or threshold of a door.

 Door"stead (?), n. Entrance or place of a door. [Obs. or Local] Bp.
 Warburton.
 Door"step' (?), n. The stone or plank forming a step before an outer door.

 Door"stone' (?), n. The stone forming a threshold.

 Door"stop' (?), n. (Carp.) The block or strip of wood or similar material which stops, at the right place, the shutting of a door.

 Door"way' (?), n. The passage of a door; entrance way into a house or a room.

 Door"yard' (?), n. A yard in front of a house or around the door of a house.

 { Dop, Doop } (?), n. A little copper cup in which a diamond is held while being cut.

 Dop, v. i. [Cf. Dap, Dip.] To dip. [Obs.] Walton.
 Dop, n. A dip; a low courtesy. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
 Dop"per (?), n. [D. dooper.] [Written also doper.] An Anabaptist or Baptist. [Contemptuous] B. Jonson.
 Dop"pler*ite (?), n. [Named after the physicist and mathematician Christian Doppler.] (Min.) A brownish black native hydrocarbon occurring in elastic or jellylike masses.

 Doq"uet (?), n. A warrant. See Docket.

 Dor (?), n. [Cf. AS. dora drone, locust, D. tor beetle, L. taurus a kind of beetle. Cf. Dormouse.] (Zoöl.)
 A large European scaraboid beetle (Geotrupes stercorarius), which makes a droning noise while flying. The name is also applied to allied American species, as the June bug. Called also dorr, dorbeetle, or dorrbeetle, dorbug, dorrfly, and buzzard clock.

 Dor, n. [Cf. Dor a beetle, and Hum, Humbug.] A trick, joke, or deception. Beau. & Fl.
To give one the dor, to make a fool of him. [Archaic] P. Fletcher.
 Dor, v. t. To make a fool of; to deceive. [Obs.] [Written also dorr.]
 B. Jonson.
 Do*ra"do (?), n. [Sp. dorado gilt, fr. dorar to gild, fr. L. deaurare. See 1st Dory, and cf. Fl Dorado.] 1. (Astron.)
 A southern constellation, within which is the south pole of the ecliptic; -- called also sometimes Xiphias, or the Swordfish.

2. (Zoöl.) A large, oceanic fish of the genus Coryphæna.

 Dor"bee'tle (?), n. (Zoöl.) See 1st Dor.

 Do"ree (?), n. [See Dory.] (Zoöl.) A European marine fish (Zeus faber), of a yellow color. See Illust. of John Doree.

 The popular name in England is John Doree, or Dory, well known to be a corruption of F. jaunedorée, i. e., golden-yellow. See 1st Dory.

 Dore"tree' (?), n. A doorpost. [Obs.] "As dead as a doretree."
 Piers Plowman.
 Dor"hawk' (?), n. (Zoöl.) The European goatsucker; -- so called because it eats the dor beetle. See Goatsucker. [Written also dorrhawk.] Booth.
 Do"ri*an (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to the ancient Greeks of Doris; Doric; as, a Dorian fashion.

2. (Mus.) Same as Doric, 3. "Dorian mood." Milton.
Dorian mode (Mus.), the first of the authentic church modes or tones, from D to D, resembling our D minor scale, but with the B natural. Grove.
 Do"ri*an, n. A native or inhabitant of Doris in Greece.

 Dor"ic (?), a. [L. Doricus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; the Dorians.] 1. Pertaining to Doris, in ancient Greece, or to the Dorians; as, the Doric dialect.

2. (Arch.) Belonging to, or resembling, the oldest and simplest of the three orders of architecture used by the Greeks, but ranked as second of the five orders adopted by the Romans. See Abacus, Capital, Order.

 This order is distinguished, according to the treatment of details, as Grecian Doric, or Roman Doric.

3. (Mus.) Of or relating to one of the ancient Greek musical modes or keys. Its character was adapted both to religions occasions and to war.

 Dor"ic, n. The Doric dialect.

 Dor"i*cism (?), n. A Doric phrase or idiom.

 ||Do"ris (?), n. [L. Doris, the daughter of Oceanus, and wife of Nereus, Gr. &?;.] (Zoöl.) A genus of nudibranchiate mollusks having a wreath of branchiæ on the back.

 Do"rism (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] A Doric phrase or idiom.

 Dor"king fowl' (?). [From the town of Dorking in England.] (Zoöl.)
 One of a breed of large-bodied domestic fowls, having five toes, or the hind toe double. There are several strains, as the white, gray, and silvergray. They are highly esteemed for the table.

 Dor"man*cy (?), n. [From Dormant.] The state of being dormant; quiescence; abeyance.

 Dor"mant (?), a. [F., p. pr. of dormir to sleep, from L. dormire; cf. Gr. &?;, Skr. dr, OSlav. dr&?;mati.] 1.
 Sleeping; as, a dormant animal; hence, not in action or exercise; quiescent; at rest; in abeyance; not disclosed, asserted, or insisted on; as, dormant passions; dormant claims or titles.

 It is by lying dormant a long time, or being... very rarely exercised, that arbitrary power steals upon a people.

Burke.
2. (Her.) In a sleeping posture; as, a lion dormant; -- distinguished from couchant.

Dormant partner (Com.), a partner who takes no share in the active


.
234. Ruined Temple of the Three Tablets.
235. Elevation Temple of the Three Tablets.
236. The Beau-relief.
237. Temple of the Cross.
238. Tablet of the Cross.
239. The Sun.
240. Maler's Cross.
241. Statue, Palenque.
242. Bas-relief, on the left hand of the Altar of the Cross.
243. Plan of Uxmal.
244. The Governor's House, Uxmal.
245. Two-headed Monument, Uxmal.
246. End View.
247. Ground Plan.
248. Figure over the Doorway.
249. Ornament over the Doorway.
250. Elephant's Trunk.
251. Plan of Nunnery.
252. Room in Nunnery.
253. Façade, Southern Building.
254. Façade, Eastern Building.
255. Serpent Façade, Western Building.
256. Temple, Uxmal.
257. Arch, Kabah.
258. Zayi.
259. Plan of Zayi.
260. Gateway at Labna.
261. Castillo, Chichen-Itza.
262. Gymnasium at Chichen-Itza.
263. Ring.
264. Building at end of Gymnasium.
265. Painted Stucco Work.
266. Queen Consulting the H-men.
267. Chaac-mol.
268. Bearded Itza.
269. Arizona Ruin.
270. Tribute Sheet.
271. Yucatan Axes.
272. Carpenter's Ax.
273. Mexican Carpenter.
274. Copper Tool.
275. Huitzilopochtli.
276. Mexican Numeration Signs.
277. Maya and Mexican Day Signs.
278. Maya Months.
279. Calendar Stone.
280. Sign of Rain.
281. Sign of a Cycle.
282. Indian Picture-writing.
283. Chapultepec.
284. Amen.
285. Historical Sheet.
286. Chilapi Tribute.
287. Child-training.
288. Migration Chart.
289. Landa Alphabet.
290. Maya T.
291. Maya Picture-writing.
292. Hieroglyphics, Tablet of the Cross.
293. Map of Peru.
294. Fortress, Huatica Valley.
295. Ruins at Pachacamac.
296. Relics from Guano Deposits.
297. Burial Towers.
298. Palace.
299. Section of Palace Walls.
300. Ornamentation on Walls.
301. Adobe Ornament.
302. Gold and Silver Vases.
303. Bronze Knives and Tweezers.
304. Water-jar.
305. Water-jars from Ancon.
306. Cloth Found in Grave.
307. Wall in Huatica Valley.
308. Burial Mound, or Huaca.
309. Fortress Mound.
310. Temple Wall.
311. Fortress, Huatica Valley.
312. General View of Pachacamac.
313. View of the Temple.
314. Relics from Graves at Pachacamac.
315. Relics found buried in Guano Deposits.
316. Prehistoric Pottery-ware.
317. Silver Cylinder Head.
318. Terrace Wall, Tiahuanuco.
319. Method of joining Stones, Tiahuanuco.
320. Gateway, Tiahuacuno.
321. Ruins on the Island of Titicaca.
322. Ruins, Island of Coati.
323. Burial Tower.
324. Terrace Wall at Cuzco.
325. Temple of the Sun.
326. Fortress Wall.
327. Section of Fortress Wall.
328. Quippos.

Full-page Engravings 1. Cliff Houses, Rio Mancos Cañon.
2. Engraved Title Page.
3. Paleozoic Forest.
4. Rock Shelter at Bruniquel.
5. Antarctic Ice Sheet.
6. Lake Village, Switzerland.
7. Pueblo of Zuñi.
8. Cliff-town, Rio Mancos.
9. Restoration of Pueblo Bonito.
10. Painted Pueblo Pottery.
11. Pyramid of Cholula.
12. Copan Statue.
13. General View of Palace.
14. Bas-relief on the left-hand of the Altar of the Cross.
15. Plan of Uxmal.
16. The Governor's House, Uxmal.
17. Room in Nunnery.
18. Zayi.
19. Castillo, Chichen-Itza.
20. Tribute Sheet.
21. Huitzilopochtli.
22. Calendar Stone.
23. Historical Sheet.
24. Pachacamac.

 IN this volume the author has sought to lay before the reader a description of life and times lying beyond the light of history. This is indeed an extensive subject, and calls for some explanation, both as to the general design of the work and what steps have been taken to secure correct information.

 History is a word of varied import. In general, when we talk about history, we mean those accounts of past events, times, and circumstances of which we have written records. Not necessarily meaning alphabetical writing, because hieroglyphic records have furnished much true history.
 Hieroglyphic writing, which long preceded alphabetical writing, is itself a comparatively recent art. In no country do we find any records carrying us further back than a few thousand years before the Christian era. We have every reason to believe that the historical part of man's life on the globe is but an insignificant part of the whole. This historic period is not the same in all countries. It varies from a few centuries in our own country to a few thousands of years in Oriental lands. In no country is there a hard and fast line separating the historic period from the prehistoric. In the dim perspective of years the light gradually fades away, the mist grows thicker and thicker before us, and we at last find ourselves face to face with the unknown past.

 This extensive period of time is not, however, utterly lost to us. We have simply to gather our information in some other way. Enthusiastic explorers, digging beneath the ashes of Vesuvius, have brought to light the remains of an entombed city. Of this city we indeed have historic records, but even if all such records had long since disappeared, we would gather much information as to the nationality of the inhabitants, their customs, and manners, by a simple inspection of the relics themselves.
 Everywhere over the earth, entombed beneath the feet of the living, or crumbling on the surface, are the few relics of a past far antedating the relics of Pompeii. They are the proofs positive that some people inhabited the land in far away times.

 Our object is to gather together the conclusions of the scientific world as to primitive man. We wish to see how far back in the geological history of the globe we can find evidence of man's existence, and we desire to learn his surroundings and the manner of his life. There can be no more important field than for us to thus learn of the past. To read the story of primitive man, to walk with him the earth in ages long ago, with him to wage war on the huge animals of a previous epoch, to recede with him before the relentless march of the ice of the Glacial Age, to watch his advance in culture, to investigate whether there are any races of men now living which are the direct descendants of this primeval man.

 The author makes no claims to original investigations. He trusts, however, it will not be considered impertinent for a mere loiterer in the vestibule of the temple of science to attempt to lay before others the results of the investigations of our eminent scholars. He has endeavored faithfully to perform this task. As far as possible technical language has been avoided. This is because he has written not for the distinctively scientific men, but rather for the farmer, the mechanic, and the man of business. Constant references are made to the authorities consulted. The reader his a right to know who vouches for the statements made in the text.

 The pleasantest part of an author's duty is to return thanks for assistance. After the manuscript was prepared with what care could be bestowed on it, it was determined to submit it to some of our best American scholars for criticism. Accordingly, each of the gentlemen named on the title page were requested to review one or more chapters. As far as possible, each one was asked to review that chapter or chapters for which, either by reason of the position they held, or the interest they were known to take in such subjects, they would by common assent be acknowledged as eminently fitted to sit in judgment. In justice to them, it should be stated that they were not expected to concern themselves with the literary merits or demerits of the manuscript, but to criticise the scientific statements made therein. To each


commit forgery.

2. (Naut.) To move heavily and slowly, as a ship after the sails are furled; to work one's way, as one ship in outsailing another; -- used especially in the phrase to forge ahead. Totten.
 And off she [a ship] forged without a shock.

De Quincey.
 Forge, v. t. (Naut.) To impel forward slowly; as, to forge a ship forward.

 Forge"man (?), n.; pl. Forgemen (&?;). A skilled smith, who has a hammerer to assist him.

 For"ger (?), n.[Cf. F. forgeur metal worker, L. fabricator artificer. See Forge, n. & v. t., and cf. Fabricator.] One who forges, makes, of forms; a fabricator; a falsifier.

2. Especially: One guilty of forgery; one who makes or issues a counterfeit document.

 For"ger*y (?), n.; pl. Forgeries (#). [Cf. F. forgerie.]
 1. The act of forging metal into shape. [Obs.]

 Useless the forgery Of brazen shield and spear.

Milton.
2. The act of forging, fabricating, or producing falsely; esp., the crime of fraudulently making or altering a writing or signature purporting to be made by another; the false making or material alteration of or addition to a written instrument for the purpose of deceit and fraud; as, the forgery of a bond. Bouvier.
3. That which is forged, fabricated, falsely devised, or counterfeited.

 These are the forgeries of jealously.

Shak.
 The writings going under the name of Aristobulus were a forgery of the second century.

Waterland.
Syn. -- Counterfeit; Forgery. Counterfeit is chiefly used of imitations of coin, or of paper money, or of securities depending upon pictorial devices and engraved designs for identity or assurance of genuineness. Forgery is more properly applied to making a false imitation of an instrument depending on signatures to show genuineness and validity. Abbott.
 For*get" (?), v. t. [imp. Forgot (?) (Forgat (&?;), Obs.); p. p. Forgotten (?), Forgot; p. pr. & vb. n.
 Forgetting.] [OE. forgeten, foryeten, AS. forgietan, forgitan; pref. for- + gietan, gitan (only in comp.), to get; cf. D. vergeten, G. vergessen, Sw. förgäta, Dan. forgiette. See For-, and Get, v. t.] 1. To lose the remembrance of; to let go from the memory; to cease to have in mind; not to think of; also, to lose the power of; to cease from doing.

 Bless the Lord, O my soul, and forget not all his benefits.

Ps. ciii. 2.
 Let my right hand forget her cunning.

Ps. cxxxvii. 5.
 Hath thy knee forget to bow?

Shak.
2. To treat with inattention or disregard; to slight; to neglect.

 Can a woman forget her sucking child?... Yes, they may forget, yet will I not forget thee.

Is. xlix. 15.
To forget one's self. (a) To become unmindful of one's own personality; to be lost in thought. (b) To be entirely unselfish.
 (c) To be guilty of what is unworthy of one; to lose one's dignity, temper, or self-control.

 For*get"ful (?), a. 1. Apt to forget; easily losing remembrance; as, a forgetful man should use helps to strengthen his memory.

2. Heedless; careless; neglectful; inattentive.

 Be not forgetful to entertain strangers.

Heb. xiii. 2.
3. Causing to forget; inducing oblivion; oblivious. [Archaic or Poetic] "The forgetful wine." J. Webster.
 For*get"ful*ly, adv. In a forgetful manner.

 For*get"ful*ness, n. 1. The quality of being forgetful; prononess to let slip from the mind.

2. Loss of remembrance or recollection; a ceasing to remember; oblivion.

 A sweet forgetfulness of human care.

Pope.
3. Failure to bear in mind; careless omission; inattention; as, forgetfulness of duty.

Syn. -- Forgetfulnes, Oblivion. Forgetfulness is Anglo-Saxon, and oblivion is Latin. The former commonly has reference to persons, and marks a state of mind; the latter commonly has reference to things, and indicates a condition into which they are sunk.
 We blame a man for his forgetfulness; we speak of some old custom as buried in oblivion. But this discrimination is not strictly adhered to.

 For"ge*tive (?), a. [From Forge.] Inventive; productive; capable.
 [Obs.] Shak.
 For*get"-me-not' (?), n. [Cf. G. vergissmeinnicht.] (Bot.)
 A small herb, of the genus Myosotis (M. palustris, incespitosa, etc.), bearing a beautiful blue flower, and extensively considered the emblem of fidelity.

 Formerly the name was given to the Ajuga Chamæpitus.

 For*get"ta*ble (?), a. Liable to be, or that may be, forgotten. Carlyle.
 For*get"ter (?), n. One who forgets; a heedless person. Johnson.
 For*get"ting*ly, adv. By forgetting.

 For"ging (?), n. 1. The act of shaping metal by hammering or pressing.

2. The act of counterfeiting.

3. (Mach.) A piece of forged work in metal; -- a general name for a piece of hammered iron or steel.

 There are very few yards in the world at which such forgings could be turned out.

London Times.
 For*giv"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being forgiven; pardonable; venial. Sherwood.
 For*give" (?), v. t. [imp. Forgave (?); p. p. Forgiven (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Forgiving] [OE. forgiven, foryiven, foryeven, AS. forgiefan, forgifan; perh. for- + giefan, gifan to give; cf. D. vergeven, G. vergeben, Icel. fyrirgefa, Sw. f&?;rgifva, Goth. fragiban to give, grant. See For-, and Give, v. t.] 1.
 To give wholly; to make over without reservation; to resign.

 To them that list the world's gay shows I leave, And to great ones such folly do forgive.

Spenser.
2. To give up resentment or claim to requital on account of (an offense or wrong); to remit the penalty of; to pardon; -- said in reference to the act forgiven.

 And their sins should be forgiven them.

Mark iv. 12.
 He forgive injures so readily that he might be said to invite them.

Macaulay.
3. To cease to feel resentment against, on account of wrong committed; to give up claim to requital from or retribution upon (an offender); to absolve; to pardon; -- said of the person offending.

 Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do.

Luke xxiii. 34.
 I as free forgive you, as I would be fforgiven.

Shak.
 Sometimes both the person and the offense follow as objects of the verb, sometimes one and sometimes the other being the indirect object. "Forgive


and the other years of 365 days. This is about 11 minutes in a year too much. Pope Georgy XIII. reformed the calendar by retrenching 10 days in October, 1582, in order to bring back the vernal equinox to the same day as at the time of the Council of Nice, a. d. 325. This reformation was adopted by act of the British Parliament in 1751, by which act 11 days in September, 1752, were retrenched, and the third day was reckoned the fourteenth. This mode of reckoning is called New Style, according to which every year divisible by 4, unless it is divisible by 100 without being divisible by 400, has 366 days, and any other year 365 days.

Style of court, the practice or manner observed by a court in its proceedings. Ayliffe.
Syn. -- Diction; phraseology; manner; course; title. See Diction.

 Style, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Styled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Styling.] To entitle; to term, name, or call; to denominate. "Styled great conquerors." Milton.
 How well his worth and brave adventures styled.

Dryden.
Syn. -- To call; name; denominate; designate; term; characterize.

 Sty"let (?), n. [F., dim. of style; cf. It. stiletto.
 See Stiletto.] A small poniard; a stiletto.

2. (Surg.) (a) An instrument for examining wounds and fistulas, and for passing setons, and the like; a probe, -- called also specillum.
 (b) A stiff wire, inserted in catheters or other tubular instruments to maintain their shape and prevent clogging.

3. (Zoöl.) Any small, more or less rigid, bristlelike organ; as, the caudal stylets of certain insects; the ventral stylets of certain Infusoria.

 Sty*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Style + -ferous.] (Bot.)
 Bearing one or more styles.

 Sty"li*form (?), a. [Style + - form: cf. F. styliforme.]
 Having the form of, or resembling, a style, pin, or pen; styloid.

 Styl"ish (?), a. Having style or artistic quality; given to, or fond of, the display of style; highly fashionable; modish; as, a stylish dress, house, manner. -- Styl"ish*ly, adv. -- Styl"ish*ness, n. Styl"ist, n. One who is a master or a model of style, especially in writing or speaking; a critic of style.

 Distinguished as a stylist, for ease.

Fitzed. Hall.
 Sty*lis"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to style in language. [R.] "Stylistic trifles." J. A. Symonds.
 The great stylistic differences in the works ascribed to him [Wyclif].

G. P. Marsh.
 Sty"lite (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a pillar.] (Eccl.
 Hist.) One of a sect of anchorites in the early church, who lived on the tops of pillars for the exercise of their patience; -- called also pillarist and pillar saint.

 Sty"lo- (?). A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, the styloid process of the temporal bone; as, stylohyal, stylomastoid, stylomaxillary.

 Sty"lo*bate (?), n. [L. stylobates, stylobata, Gr.
 &?;; &?; a pillar + &?; one that treads, fr. &?; to go.]
 (Arch.) The uninterrupted and continuous flat band, coping, or pavement upon which the bases of a row of columns are supported. See Sub-base.

 Sty'lo*glos"sal (?), a. [Stylo- + glossal.] (Anat.)
 Of or pertaining to styloid process and the tongue.

 Sty"lo*graph (?), n. A stylographic pen.

 Sty'lo*graph"ic (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to stylography; used in stylography; as, stylographic tablets.

2. Pertaining to, or used in, stylographic pen; as, stylographic ink.

Stylographic pen, a pen with a conical point like that of a style, combined with a reservoir for supplying it with ink. -- Stylographic pencil, a pencil used in stylography.

 Sty'lo*graph"ic*al (?), a. Same as Stylographic, 1. -- Sty'lo*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.
 Sty*log"ra*phy (?), n. [Style + -graphy.] A mode of writing or tracing lines by means of a style on cards or tablets.

 Sty'lo*hy"al (?), n. [Stylo- + the Gr. letter &?;.] (Anat.)
 A segment in the hyoidean arch between the epihyal and tympanohyal.

 Sty'lo*hy"oid (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the styloid process and the hyoid bone.

 Sty"loid (?), a. [Style + - oid: cf. F. styloïde, Gr. &?;.] 1. Styliform; as, the styloid process.

2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the styloid process.

Styloid process (Anat.), a long and slender process from the lower side of the temporal bone of man, corresponding to the tympanohyal and stylohyal of other animals.

 Sty'lo*mas"toid (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the styloid and mastoid processes of the temporal bone.

 Sty'lo*max"il*la*ry (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the styloid process and the maxilla.

 Sty*lom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; column + -meter.] An instrument for measuring columns.

 ||Sty*lom"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a pillar + &?;, &?;, the eye.] Same as Stylommatophora.

 ||Sty*lom'ma*toph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; column + &?; eye + &?; to bear.] (Zoöl.) A division of Pulmonata in which the eyes are situated at the tips of the tentacles. It includes the common land snails and slugs. See Illust. under Snail.

 Sty*lom'ma*toph"o*rous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to Stylommatophora.

 ||Sty'lo*po"di*um (?), n.; pl. Stylopodia (#). [NL.
 See Style, and Podium.] (Bot.) An expansion at the base of the style, as in umbelliferous plants.

 ||Sty"lops (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a pillar + &?;, &?;, the eye.] (Zoöl.) A genus of minute insects parasitic, in their larval state, on bees and wasps. It is the typical genus of the group Strepsiptera, formerly considered a distinct order, but now generally referred to the Coleoptera. See Strepsiptera.

 ||Sty"lus (?), n. [L. stylus, or better stilus.] An instrument for writing. See Style, n., 1.

 Styph"nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of styphnic acid.

 Styph"nic (?), a. [Gr. (spurious) sty'fein to contract.] (Chem.)
 Pertaining to, or designating, a yellow crystalline astringent acid, (NO2)3.C6H.(OH)2, obtained by the action of nitric acid on resorcin. Styphnic acid resembles picric acid, but is not bitter. It acts like a strong dibasic acid


fellos because I must go right back home & he says if you dont join the minit men now some day you wont have no home to go home to & I says what do you mean I wont have no home to go home to & he says because the Brittish are going to burn down all the homes of we farmers because we will not sell them any food but first you had better have a drink. Well Ethen a fello dont like to be a sissey about taking 1 drink does he & then I says now fellos I must go home & then a couple of more fellos come in & they said Ed you wont go home till we have brought you a drink & elect it you to the minit men will you & I said no but I must go home right after that. Well then we got to singing & we was going pretty good & after a while I said now fellos I must go home & Charley Davis says to me Ed before you go I want to have you shake hands with my friend Tom Duffy who is here from Boston & he will tell you all about the minit men & you can join tonight but look out or he will drink you under the tabel because he is the worst fish in Boston & I says sure only I have got to be going home soon because you remember what hapend last time & I would like to see any body from Boston drink me under the tabel & bet. you & I Ethen if that fellow is a fish then my grandmother is the prince of whales & let me tell you what hapend. After we had drank about 4 or 5 I seen he was getting sort of wite & I says well Boston lets settle down now to some good steady drinking & he says listen & I says what & he says listen & I says what & he says do you know my wife & I says no & he says listen & I says what & he says shes the best little woman in the world & I says sure & he says what did you say & I says when & he says you have insult it my wife the best little woman in the world & he begun to cry & we had only had a bout 1 qt & wouldnt that knock you for a cockide gool Ethen, only I guess you arent surprised knowing how much I can holt without feeling any affects. Well I was feeling pretty good on acct. of drinking the pride of Boston under the tabel & not feeling any affects only I was feeling good like a fello naturely feels & the fellos kind of made a lot of fuss on acct. me drinking him under the tabel so I couldnt very well of gone home then & after a while Charley Davis made a speech & well comed me into the minit men & so I am a minit man Ethen but I cant exackly explain it to you until I see Charley again because he didnt make it very clear that night. Well after a while we woke the Boston fish up & we all went home & I was feeling pretty good on acct. it being such a nice night & all the stars being out & etc. & when I got home I said Prudence guess what hapend & she says I can guess & I says Prudence I have been elect it a minit man & she says well go on up stares & sleep it off & I says sleep what off & she says stop talking so loud do you want the naybers to wake up & I says whos talking loud & she says o go to bed & I says I am talking in conversational tones & she says well you must be conversing with somebody in Boston & I says o you mean that little blond on Beecon St. & Ethen she went a 1,000,000 mi. up in the air & I seen it wasnt no use to try & tell her that the reason I was feeling good was on acct. having drank a Boston swelt hed to sleep without feeling any affects & I bet the next time I get a chanct I am going to get snooted right because a fello gets blamed just as much if he doesnt feel the affects as if he was brought home in a stuper & I was just kidding her about that blond on Beecon St. Some women dont know when they are well off Ethen & I bet that guy from Bostons Tom Duffy I mean wife wishes she was in Prudences shoes instead of her having married a man what cant holt no more than a qt. without being brought home in a stuper. Best rgds. Ed.

128 (90K) Friend Ethen— Well Ethen this is a funny world & when I joined the minit men last mo. how was I to know that they called them minit men because they was lible to get shot any minit. & here I am riteing to you in a tent outside Boston & any minit a canon ball is lible to knock me for a continental loop & my house has been burnt & Prudence is up in Conk Cord with her sister the one who married that short skate dum bell Collins who has owed me 2 lbs. for a yr. & 1/2 well Ethen it never ranes but it pores & you can be glad you are liveing in a nice quiet place like Philly.

134 (68K) Well the other night I and Prudence was sound asleep when I heard some body banging at the frt. door & I stuck my head out the up stares window & I says who are you & he says I am Paul Revear & I says well this is a h—ll of a time to be wakeing a peaceiful man out of their bed what do you want & he says the Brittish are comeing & I says o are they well this is the 19 of April not the 1st & I was going down stares to plank him 1 but he had rode away tow wards Lexington before I had a chanct & as it turned out after words the joke was on me O. K. Well who is it says Prudence Charley Davis again because you might as well come back to bed if it is & I says no it was some Boston smart alick trying to be funny & I guess they are soar down there on acct. what hapened to their prize fish up here last mo. & are trying to get even do you know a Paul Revear & she says yes there was a boy at school named Paul Revear who was crazy about me was he dark well Ethen if all the fellos she says has been crazy about her was layed end to end they would circum navygate the globe twicet & I says no he was yello & that had her stopt so we went back to sleep only I couldn't help laffing over the way I had slipt it across. About Revear being yello. Well along a bout A. M. there was a lot of gun firing tow wards Lexington & Prudence grabed me & says whets the shooting for & I says probably that fello Revear who was so crazy a bout you has got funny oncet to oft ten & it will teach them Boston doodes a lesson. Well Ethen I was wrong for oncet & the firing kept getting worse & I hitcht up old Bessy & drove over to Lexington Bessy is are horse & Ethen there was the h—ll to pay there because the g—d d—m Brittish redcotes had marcht nup from Boston & had fired on the Lexington fellos & Charley Davis had been shot dead & a lot of the other fellos was wooned it & they said you had better get your wife to the h—ll out of your house because the g—d d—m Brittish redcotes are coming back & they will burn everything along the rode the —— I guess you know what word goes there Ethen & I was so d—m mad at those g—d d—m Brittish redcotes on acct. shooting Charley Davis dead that I said give me a gun & show me the —— who done it & they says no you had better get your wife to a safe place to go to & then you can come back because the —— will be along this way again the ——. Well I drove as fast as I could back to the farm & somebody had already told Prudence what had hapend & as soon as I drove into the yd. she come out with my muskit & hand it it to me & says dont you worry about me but you kill every d—m redcote you