send certain packets to a different local router. A "super source quench" is actually a redirect control packet, forged to look like it came from a local router, that instructs a host to send all packets to its own local loopback address. This will effectively tie many Internet hosts up in knots. Compare Godzillagram, breath-of-life packet.
Node:superloser, Next:superprogrammer, Previous:super source quench, Up:= S = superloser n.
[Unix] A superuser with no clue - someone with root privileges on a Unix system and no idea what he/she is doing, the moral equivalent of a three-year-old with an unsafetied Uzi. Anyone who thinks this is an uncommon situation reckons without the territorial urges of management.
Node:superprogrammer, Next:superuser, Previous:superloser, Up:= S = superprogrammer n. A prolific programmer; one who can code exceedingly well and quickly. Not all hackers are superprogrammers, but many are.
(Productivity can vary from one programmer to another by three orders of magnitude. For example, one programmer might be able to write an average of 3 lines of working code in one day, while another, with the proper tools, might be able to write 3,000.
This range is astonishing; it is matched in very few other areas of human endeavor.) The term 'superprogrammer' is more commonly used within such places as IBM than in the hacker community. It tends to stress naive measures of productivity and to underweight creativity, ingenuity, and getting the job done -- and to sidestep the question of whether the 3,000 lines of code do more or less useful work than three lines that do the Right Thing. Hackers tend to prefer the terms hacker and wizard.
Node:superuser, Next:support, Previous:superprogrammer, Up:= S = superuser n.
[Unix] Syn. root, avatar. This usage has spread to non-Unix environments; the superuser is any account with all wheel bits on. A more specific term than wheel.
Node:support, Next:surf, Previous:superuser, Up:= S = support n. After-sale handholding; something many software vendors promise but few deliver. To hackers, most support people are useless -- because by the time a hacker calls support he or she will usually know the software and the relevant manuals better than the support people (sadly, this is not a joke or exaggeration). A hacker's idea of 'support' is a tête-à-tête with the software's designer.
Node:surf, Next:Suzie COBOL, Previous:support, Up:= S = surf v.
[from the 'surf' idiom for rapidly flipping TV channels] To traverse the Internet in search of interesting stuff, used esp.
if one is doing so with a World Wide Web browser. It is also common to speak of 'surfing in' to a particular resource.
Hackers adopted this term early, but many have stopped using it since it went completely mainstream around 1995. The passive, couch-potato connotations that go with TV channel surfing were never pleasant, and hearing non-hackers wax enthusiastic about "surfing the net" tends to make hackers feel a bit as though their home is being overrun by ignorami.
Node:Suzie COBOL, Next:swab, Previous:surf, Up:= S = Suzie COBOL /soo'zee koh'bol/ 1. [IBM: prob. from Frank Zappa's 'Suzy Creamcheese'] n. A coder straight out of training school who knows everything except the value of comments in plain English. Also (fashionable among personkind wishing to avoid accusations of sexism) 'Sammy Cobol' or (in some non-IBM circles) 'Cobol Charlie'. 2. [proposed] Meta-name for any code grinder, analogous to J. Random Hacker.
Node:swab, Next:swap, Previous:Suzie COBOL, Up:= S = swab /swob/ [From the mnemonic for the PDP-11 'SWAp Byte' instruction, as immortalized in the dd(1) option conv=swab (see dd)] 1. vt.
To solve the NUXI problem by swapping bytes in a file. 2. n. The program in V7 Unix used to perform this action, or anything functionally equivalent to it.
See also big-endian, little-endian, middle-endian, bytesexual.
Node:swap, Next:swap space, Previous:swab, Up:= S = swap vt.
1. [techspeak] To move information from a fast-access memory to a slow-access memory ('swap out'), or vice versa ('swap in').
Often refers specifically to the use of disks as 'virtual memory'. As pieces of data or program are needed, they are swapped into core for processing; when they are no longer needed they may be swapped out again. 2. The jargon use of these terms analogizes people's short-term memories with core. Cramming for an exam might be spoken of as swapping in. If you temporarily forget someone's name, but then remember it, your excuse is that it was swapped out. To 'keep something swapped in' means to keep it fresh in your memory: "I reread the TECO manual every few months to keep it swapped in." If someone interrupts you just as you got a good idea, you might say "Wait a moment while I swap this out", implying that a piece of paper is your extra-somatic memory and that if you don't swap the idea out by writing it down it will get overwritten and lost as you talk.
Compare page in, page out.
Node:swap space, Next:swapped in, Previous:swap, Up:= S = swap space n. Storage space, especially temporary storage space used during a move or reconfiguration. "I'm just using that corner of the machine room for swap space."
Node:swapped in, Next:swapped out, Previous:swap space, Up:= S = swapped in n. See swap. See also page in.
Node:swapped out, Next:swizzle, Previous:swapped in, Up:= S = swapped out n. See swap. See also page out.
Node:swizzle, Next:sync, Previous:swapped out, Up:= S = swizzle v. To convert external names, array indices, or references within a data structure into address pointers when the data structure is brought into main memory from external storage (also called 'pointer swizzling'); this may be done for speed in chasing references or to simplify code (e.g., by turning lots of name lookups into pointer dereferences). The converse operation is sometimes termed 'unswizzling'. See also snap.
Node:sync, Next:syntactic salt, Previous:swizzle, Up:= S = sync /sink/ n., vi.
(var. 'synch') 1. To synchronize, to bring into synchronization. 2. [techspeak] To force all pending I/O to the disk; see flush, sense 2. 3. More generally, to force a number of competing processes or agents to a state that would be 'safe' if the system were to crash; thus, to checkpoint (in the database-theory sense).
Node:syntactic salt, Next:syntactic sugar, Previous:sync, Up:= S = syntactic salt n. The opposite of syntactic sugar, a feature designed to make it harder to write bad code. Specifically, syntactic salt is a hoop the programmer must jump through just to prove that he knows what's going on, rather than to express a program action. Some programmers consider required type declarations to be syntactic salt. A requirement to write end if, end while, end do, etc. to terminate the last block controlled by a control construct (as opposed to just end) would definitely be syntactic salt. Syntactic salt is like the real thing in that it tends to raise hackers' blood pressures in an unhealthy way. Compare candygrammar.
Node:syntactic sugar, Next:sys-frog, Previous:syntactic salt, Up:= S = syntactic sugar n.
[coined by Peter Landin] Features added to a language or other formalism to make it 'sweeter' for humans, features which do not affect the expressiveness of the formalism (compare chrome). Used esp. when there is an obvious and trivial translation of the 'sugar' feature into other constructs


Wild Apples by Henry David Thoreau Contents THE HISTORY OF THE APPLE-TREE THE WILD APPLE THE CRAB HOW THE WILD APPLE GROWS THE FRUIT, AND ITS FLAVOR THEIR BEAUTY THE NAMING OF THEM THE LAST GLEANING THE "FROZEN-THAWED" APPLE THE HISTORY OF THE APPLE-TREE It is remarkable how closely the history of the Apple-tree is connected with that of man. The geologist tells us that the order of the Rosaceæ, which includes the Apple, also the true Grasses, and the Labiatæ, or Mints, were introduced only a short time previous to the appearance of man on the globe.
It appears that apples made a part of the food of that unknown primitive people whose traces have lately been found at the bottom of the Swiss lakes, supposed to be older than the foundation of Rome, so old that they had no metallic implements. An entire black and shrivelled Crab-Apple has been recovered from their stores.
Tacitus says of the ancient Germans that they satisfied their hunger with wild apples, among other things.
Niebuhr[1] observes that "the words for a house, a field, a plough, ploughing, wine, oil, milk, sheep, apples, and others relating to agriculture and the gentler ways of life, agree in Latin and Greek, while the Latin words for all objects pertaining to war or the chase are utterly alien from the Greek." Thus the apple-tree may be considered a symbol of peace no less than the olive.
 [1] A German historical critic of ancient life.
The apple was early so important, and so generally distributed, that its name traced to its root in many languages signifies fruit in general.
Μῆλον (Mēlon), in Greek, means an apple, also the fruit of other trees, also a sheep and any cattle, and finally riches in general.
The apple-tree has been celebrated by the Hebrews, Greeks, Romans, and Scandinavians. Some have thought that the first human pair were tempted by its fruit. Goddesses are fabled to have contended for it, dragons were set to watch it, and heroes were employed to pluck it.[2] [2] The Greek myths especially referred to are The Choice of Paris and The Apples of the Hesperides.
The tree is mentioned in at least three places in the Old Testament, and its fruit in two or three more. Solomon sings, "As the apple-tree among the trees of the wood, so is my beloved among the sons." And again, "Stay me with flagons, comfort me with apples." The noblest part of man's noblest feature is named from this fruit, "the apple of the eye." The apple-tree is also mentioned by Homer and Herodotus. Ulysses saw in the glorious garden of Alcinous "pears and pomegranates and apple-trees bearing beautiful fruit." And according to Homer, apples were among the fruits which Tantalus could not pluck, the wind ever blowing their boughs away from him. Theophrastus knew and described the apple-tree as a botanist.
According to the prose Edda,[3] "Iduna keeps in a box the apples which the gods, when they feel old age approaching, have only to taste of to become young again. It is in this manner that they will be kept in renovated youth until Ragnarök" (or the destruction of the Gods).
 [3] The stories of the early Scandinavians.
I learn from Loudon[4] that "the ancient Welsh bards were rewarded for excelling in song by the token of the apple-spray;" and "in the Highlands of Scotland the apple-tree is the badge of the clan Lamont." [4] An English authority on the culture of orchards and gardens.
The apple-tree belongs chiefly to the northern temperate zone. Loudon says, that "it grows spontaneously in every part of Europe except the frigid zone, and throughout Western Asia, China and Japan." We have also two or three varieties of the apple indigenous in North America. The cultivated apple-tree was first introduced into this country by the earliest settlers, and is thought to do as well or better here than anywhere else. Probably some of the varieties which are now cultivated were first introduced into Britain by the Romans.
Pliny, adopting the distinction of Theophrastus, says, "Of trees there are some which are altogether wild, some more civilized." Theophrastus includes the apple among the last; and, indeed, it is in this sense the most civilized of all trees. It is as harmless as a dove, as beautiful as a rose, and as valuable as flocks and herds. It has been longer cultivated than any other, and so is more humanized; and who knows but, like the dog, it will at length be no longer traceable to its wild original? It migrates with man, like the dog and horse and cow; first, perchance, from Greece to Italy, thence to England, thence to America; and our Western emigrant is still marching steadily toward the setting sun with the seeds of the apple in his pocket, or perhaps a few young trees strapped to his load. At least a million apple-trees are thus set farther westward this year than any cultivated ones grew last year.
Consider how the Blossom-Week, like the Sabbath, is thus annually spreading over the prairies; for when man migrates he carries with him not only his birds, quadrupeds, insects, vegetables, and his very sward, but his orchard also.
The leaves and tender twigs are an agreeable food to many domestic animals, as the cow, horse, sheep, and goat; and the fruit is sought after by the first, as well as by the hog. Thus there appears to have existed a natural alliance between these animals and this tree from the first. "The fruit of the Crab in the forests of France" is said to be "a great resource for the wild boar." Not only the Indian, but many indigenous insects, birds, and quadrupeds, welcomed the apple-tree to these shores. The tent-caterpillar saddled her eggs on the very first twig that was formed, and it has since shared her affections with the wild cherry; and the canker-worm also in a measure abandoned the elm to feed on it. As it grew apace, the bluebird, robin, cherry-bird, king-bird, and many more, came with haste and built their nests and warbled in its boughs, and so became orchard-birds, and multiplied more than ever. It was an era in the history of their race. The downy woodpecker found such a savory morsel under its bark, that he perforated it in a ring quite round the tree before he left it,—a thing which he had never done before, to my knowledge. It did not take the partridge long to find out how sweet its buds were, and every winter eve she flew, and still flies, from the wood, to pluck them, much to the farmer's sorrow. The rabbit, too, was not slow to learn the taste of its twigs and bark; and when the fruit was ripe, the squirrel half-rolled, half-carried it to his hole; and even the musquash crept up the bank from the brook at evening, and greedily devoured it, until he had worn a path in the grass there; and when it was frozen and thawed, the crow and the jay were glad to taste it occasionally. The owl crept into the first apple-tree that became hollow, and fairly hooted with delight, finding it just the place for him; so, settling down into it, he has remained there ever since.
My theme being the Wild Apple, I will merely glance at some of the seasons in the annual growth of the cultivated apple, and pass on to my special province.
The flowers of the apple are perhaps the most beautiful of any tree, so copious and so delicious to both sight and scent. The walker is frequently tempted to turn and linger near some more than usually handsome one, whose blossoms are two thirds expanded. How superior it is in these respects to the pear, whose blossoms are neither colored nor fragrant!
By the middle of July, green apples are


life. Stevens was born rich (in New York City, 1749) and remained rich all his life. Of the family of Evans nothing is known either before or after him. Stevens, on the contrary, belonged to one of the best known and most powerful families in America. His grandfather, John Stevens I, came from England in 1699 and made himself a lawyer and a great landowner. His father, John Stevens II, was a member from New Jersey of the Continental Congress and presided at the New Jersey Convention which ratified the Constitution.

 John Stevens III was graduated at King's College (Columbia) in 1768. He held public offices during the Revolution. To him, perhaps more than to any other man, is due the Patent Act of 1790, for the protection of American inventors, for that law was the result of a petition which he made to Congress and which, being referred to a committee, was favorably reported. Thus we may regard John Stevens as the father of the American patent law.

 John Stevens owned the old Dutch farm on the Hudson on which the city of Hoboken now stands. The place had been in possession of the Bayard family, but William Bayard, who lived there at the time of the Revolution, was a Loyalist, and his house on Castle Point was burned down and his estate confiscated. After the Revolution Stevens acquired the property. He laid it out as a town in 1804, made it his summer residence, and established there the machine shops in which he and his sons carried on their mechanical experiments.

 These shops were easily the largest and bestequipped in the Union when in 1838 John Stevens died at the age of ninety. The four brothers, John Cox, Robert Livingston, James Alexander, and Edwin Augustus, worked harmoniously together. "No one ever heard of any quarrel or dissension in the Stevens family. They were workmen themselves, and they were superior to their subordinates because they were better engineers and better men of business than any other folk who up to that time had undertaken the business of transportation in the United States."* The youngest of these brothers, Edwin Augustus Stevens, dying in 1868, left a large part of his fortune to found the Stevens Institute of Technology, afterwards erected at Hoboken not far from the old family homestead on Castle Point. The mechanical star of the family, however, was the second brother, Robert Livingston Stevens, whose many inventions made for the great improvement of transportation both by land and water. For a quarter of a century, from 1815 to 1840, he was the foremost builder of steamboats in America, and under his hand the steamboat increased amazingly in speed and efficiency. He made great contributions to the railway. The first locomotives ran upon wooden stringers plated with strap iron. A loose end—"a snakehead" it was called—sometimes curled up and pierced through the floor of a car, causing a wreck. The solid metal T-rail, now in universal use, was designed by Stevens and was first used on the Camden and Amboy Railroad, of which he was president and his brother Edwin treasurer and manager. The swivel truck and the cow-catcher, the modern method of attaching rails to ties, the vestibule car, and many improvements in the locomotive were also first introduced on the Stevens road.

 The Stevens brothers exerted their influence also on naval construction. A double invention of Robert and Edwin, the forced draft, to augment steam power and save coal, and the air-tight fireroom, which they applied to their own vessels, was afterwards adopted by all navies. Robert designed and projected an ironclad battleship, the first one in the world. This vessel, called the Stevens Battery, was begun by authority of the Government in 1842; but, owing to changes in the design and inadequate appropriations by Congress, it was never launched. It lay for many years in the basin at Hoboken an unfinished hulk. Robert died in 1856. On the outbreak of the Civil War, Edwin tried to revive the interest of the Government, but by that time the design of the Stevens Battery was obsolete, and Edwin Stevens was an old man. So the honors for the construction of the first ironclad man-of-war to fight and win a battle went to John Ericsson, that other great inventor, who built the famous Monitor for the Union Government.

 Carlyle's oft-quoted term, "Captains of Industry," may fittingly be applied to the Stevens family. Strong, masterful, and farseeing, they used ideas, their own and those of others, in a large way, and were able to succeed where more timorous inventors failed. Without the stimulus of poverty they achieved success, making in their shops that combination of men and material which not only added to their own fortunes but also served the world.

 We left Eli Whitney defeated in his efforts to divert to himself some adequate share of the untold riches arising from his great invention of the cotton gin. Whitney, however, had other sources of profit in his own character and mechanical ability. As early as 1798 he had turned his talents to the manufacture of firearms. He had established his shops at Whitneyville, near New Haven; and it was there that he worked out another achievement quite as important economically as the cotton gin, even though the immediate consequences were less spectacular: namely, the principle of standardization or interchangeability in manufacture.

 This principle is the very foundation today of all American large-scale production. The manufacturer produces separately thousands of copies of every part of a complicated machine, confident that an equal number of the complete machine will be assembled and set in motion. The owner of a motor car, a reaper, a tractor, or a sewing machine, orders, perhaps by telegraph or telephone, a broken or lost part, taking it for granted that the new part can be fitted easily and precisely into the place of the old.

 Though it is probable that this idea of standardization, or interchangeability, originated independently in Whitney's mind, and though it is certain that he and one of his neighbors, who will be mentioned presently, were the first manufacturers in the world to carry it out successfully in practice, yet it must be noted that the idea was not entirely new. We are told that the system was already in operation in England in the manufacture of ship's blocks. From no less an authority than Thomas Jefferson we learn that a French mechanic had previously conceived the same idea.* But, as no general result whatever came from the idea in either France or England, the honors go to Whitney and North, since they carried it to such complete success that it spread to other branches of manufacturing. And in the face of opposition. When Whitney wrote that his leading object was "to substitute correct and effective operations of machinery for that skill of the artist which is acquired only by long practice and experience," in order to make the same parts of different guns "as much like each other as the successive impressions of a copper-plate engraving," he was laughed to scorn by the ordnance officers of France and England. "Even the Washington officials," says Roe, "were sceptical and became uneasy at advancing so much money without a single gun having been completed, and Whitney went to Washington, taking with him ten pieces of each part of a musket. He exhibited these to the Secretary of War and the army officers interested, as a succession of piles of different parts. Selecting indiscriminately from each of the piles, he put together ten muskets, an achievement which was looked on with amazement."** While Whitney worked out his plans at Whitneyville, Simeon North, another Connecticut mechanic and a gunmaker by trade, adopted the same system.
 North's first shop was at Berlin. He afterwards moved to Middletown. Like Whitney, he used methods far in advance of the time. Both Whitney and North helped to establish the United States Arsenals at Springfield, Massachusetts, and at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, in which their methods were adopted. Both the Whitney and North plants survived their founders.
 Just before the Mexican War the Whitney plant began to use steel for gun barrels, and Jefferson Davis, Colonel of the Mississippi Rifles, declared that the new guns were "the best rifles which had ever been issued to any regiment in the world." Later, when Davis became Secretary of War, he issued to the regular army the same weapon.

 The perfection of Whitney's tools and machines made it possible to employ


quickly they have taken a smack in covetousness.

Robynson (More's Utopia).
 They felt the smack of this world.

Latimer.
2. A small quantity; a taste. Dryden.
3. A loud kiss; a buss. "A clamorous smack." Shak.
4. A quick, sharp noise, as of the lips when suddenly separated, or of a whip.

5. A quick, smart blow; a slap. Johnson.
 Smack, adv. As if with a smack or slap. [Colloq.]

 Smack, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Smacked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Smacking.] [OE. smaken to taste, have a taste, -- from the noun; cf. AS. smecan taste; akin to D. smaken, G. schmecken, OHG. smechen to taste, smach&?;n to have a taste (and, derived from the same source, G. schmatzen to smack the lips, to kiss with a sharp noise, MHG. smatzen, smackzeen), Icel smakka to taste, Sw. smaka, Dan. smage. See 2d Smack, n.] 1.
 To have a smack; to be tinctured with any particular taste.

2. To have or exhibit indications of the presence of any character or quality.

 All sects, all ages, smack of this vice.

Shak.
3. To kiss with a close compression of the lips, so as to make a sound when they separate; to kiss with a sharp noise; to buss.

4. To make a noise by the separation of the lips after tasting anything.

 Smack, v. t. 1. To kiss with a sharp noise; to buss.

2. To open, as the lips, with an inarticulate sound made by a quick compression and separation of the parts of the mouth; to make a noise with, as the lips, by separating them in the act of kissing or after tasting.

 Drinking off the cup, and smacking his lips with an air of ineffable relish.

Sir W. Scott.
3. To make a sharp noise by striking; to crack; as, to smack a whip. "She smacks the silken thong." Young.
 Smack"ing, n. A sharp, quick noise; a smack.

 Like the faint smacking of an after kiss.

Dryden.
 Smack"ing (?), a. Making a sharp, brisk sound; hence, brisk; as, a smacking breeze.

 Small (sml), a. [Compar. Smaller (?); superl.
 Smallest.] [OE. small, AS. smæl; akin to D. smal narrow, OS. & OHG. smal small, G. schmal narrow, Dan.
 & Sw. smal, Goth. smals small, Icel. smali smal cattle, sheep, or goats; cf. Gr. mh^lon a sheep or goat.] 1. Having little size, compared with other things of the same kind; little in quantity or degree; diminutive; not large or extended in dimension; not great; not much; inconsiderable; as, a small man; a small river.

 To compare Great things with small.

Milton.
2. Being of slight consequence; feeble in influence or importance; unimportant; trivial; insignificant; as, a small fault; a small business.

3. Envincing little worth or ability; not large-minded; -- sometimes, in reproach, paltry; mean.

 A true delineation of the smallest man is capable of interesting the greatest man.

Carlyle.
4. Not prolonged in duration; not extended in time; short; as, after a small space. Shak.
5. Weak; slender; fine; gentle; soft; not loud. "A still, small voice." 1 Kings xix. 12.
Great and small,of all ranks or degrees; -- used especially of persons. "His quests, great and small." Chaucer. -- Small arms, muskets, rifles, pistols, etc., in distinction from cannon. - - Small beer. See under Beer. -- Small coal. (a) Little coals of wood formerly used to light fires. Gay. (b) Coal about the size of a hazelnut, separated from the coarser parts by screening. -- Small craft (Naut.), a vessel, or vessels in general, of a small size. -- Small fruits. See under Fruit. -- Small hand, a certain size of paper. See under Paper. -- Small hours.
 See under Hour. -- Small letter. (Print.), a lower-case letter. See Lower-case, and Capital letter, under Capital, a.
 -- Small piece, a Scotch coin worth about 2¼d. sterling, or about 4½cents. -- Small register. See the Note under 1st Register, 7. -- Small stuff (Naut.), spun yarn, marline, and the smallest kinds of rope. R. H. Dana, Jr. -- Small talk, light or trifling conversation; chitchat. -- Small wares (Com.), various small textile articles, as tapes, braid, tringe, and the like. M'Culloch.
 Small, adv. 1. In or to small extent, quantity, or degree; little; slightly. [Obs.] "I wept but small." Chaucer. "It small avails my mood." Shak.
2. Not loudly; faintly; timidly. [Obs. or Humorous] You may speak as small as you will.

Shak.
 Small, n. 1. The small or slender part of a thing; as, the small of the leg or of the back.

2. pl. Smallclothes. [Colloq.] Hood. Dickens.
3. pl. Same as Little go. See under Little, a. Small, v. t. To make little or less. [Obs.]

 Small"age (?), n. [Small + F. ache smallage. See Ach parsley.] (Bot.) A biennial umbelliferous plant (Apium graveolens) native of the seacoats of Europe and Asia. When deprived of its acrid and even poisonous properties by cultivation, it becomes celery.

 Small"clothes' (?), n. pl. A man's garment for the hips and thighs; breeches. See Breeches.

 Small"ish, a. Somewhat small. G. W. Cable.
 Small"ness, n. The quality or state of being small.

 Small"pox' (?), n. [Small + pox, pocks.] (Med.)
 A contagious, constitutional, febrile disease characterized by a peculiar eruption; variola. The cutaneous eruption is at first a collection of papules which become vesicles (first flat, subsequently umbilicated) and then pustules, and finally thick crusts which slough after a certain time, often leaving a pit, or scar.

 Smalls (?), n. pl. See Small, n., 2, 3.

 Small"sword' (?), n. A light sword used for thrusting only; especially, the sword worn by civilians of rank in the eighteenth century.

 Smal"ly (?), adv. In a small quantity or degree; with minuteness.
 [R.] Ascham.
 Smalt (?), n. [It. smalto, LL. smaltum; of Teutonic origin; cf. OHG. smalz grease, butter, G. schmalz grease, OHG. smelzan to melt, G. schmelzen. See Smelt, v. t., and cf. Amel, Enamel.] A deep blue pigment or coloring material used in various arts. It is a vitreous substance made of cobalt, potash, and calcined quartz fused, and reduced to a powder.

 Smalt"-blue' (?), a. Deep blue, like smalt.

 { Smalt"ine (?), Smalt"ite (?), } n. [See Smalt.] (Min.) A tinwhite or gray mineral of metallic luster. It is an arsenide of cobalt, nickel, and iron. Called also speiskobalt.

 Sm


large ray of the family Myliobatidæ, or Ætobatidæ.
 The common European species (Myliobatis aquila) is called also whip ray, and miller. -- Electric ray, or Cramp ray, a torpedo. -- Starry ray, a common European skate (Raia radiata).
 -- Sting ray, any one of numerous species of rays of the family Trygonidæ having one or more large, sharp, barbed dorsal spines on the whiplike tail. Called also stingaree.

 ||Ra"yah (r"y or rä"y), n. [Ar. ra'iyah a herd, a subject, fr. ra'a to pasture, guard.] A person not a Mohammedan, who pays the capitation tax. [Turkey] Ray" grass' (r" grs'). [Etymol. of ray is uncertain.] (Bot.)
 A perennial European grass (Lolium perenne); -- called also rye grass, and red darnel. See Darnel, and Grass.

Italian ray, or rye, grass. See Darnel, and Grass.

 Ray"less (r"ls), a. Destitute of rays; hence, dark; not illuminated; blind; as, a rayless sky; rayless eyes.

 Ray"on (r"n), n. [F.] Ray; beam. [Obs.] Spenser.
 Ray"on*nant (r"n*nnt), a. [F.] (Her.) Darting forth rays, as the sun when it shines out.

 Raze (rz), n. [See Race.] A Shakespearean word (used once) supposed to mean the same as race, a root.

 Raze, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Razed (rzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Razing.] [F. raser. See Rase, v. t.] [Written also rase.] 1. To erase; to efface; to obliterate.

Razing the characters of your renown.

Shak.
2. To subvert from the foundation; to lay level with the ground; to overthrow; to destroy; to demolish.

 The royal hand that razed unhappy Troy.

Dryden.
Syn. -- To demolish; level; prostrate; overthrow; subvert; destroy; ruin. See Demolish.

 Razed (rzd), a. Slashed or striped in patterns. [Obs.] "Two Provincial roses on my razed shoes." Shak.
 Ra*zee" (r*z"), n. [F. vaisseau rasé, fr. raser to raze, to cut down ships. See Raze, v. t., Rase, v. t.] (Naut.)
 An armed ship having her upper deck cut away, and thus reduced to the next inferior rate, as a seventy-four cut down to a frigate. Totten.
 Ra*zee", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Razeed (r*zd"); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Razeeing.] To cut down to a less number of decks, and thus to an inferior rate or class, as a ship; hence, to prune or abridge by cutting off or retrenching parts; as, to razee a book, or an article.

 Ra"zor (r"zr), n. [OE. rasour, OF. rasur, LL. rasor: cf. F. rasoir, LL. rasorium. See Raze, v. t., Rase, v. t.] 1. A keen-edged knife of peculiar shape, used in shaving the hair from the face or the head. "Take thee a barber's razor."
 Ezek. v. 1.
 --> 2. (Zoöl.) A tusk of a wild boar.

Razor fish. (Zoöl.) (a) A small Mediterranean fish (Coryphæna novacula), prized for the table. (b) The razor shell. -- Razor grass (Bot.), a West Indian plant (Scleria scindens), the triangular stem and the leaves of which are edged with minute sharp teeth. -- Razor grinder (Zoöl.), the European goat-sucker. -- Razor shell (Zoöl.), any marine bivalve shell belonging to Solen and allied genera, especially Solen, or Ensatella, ensis, ∧ Americana, which have a long, narrow, somewhat curved shell, resembling a razor handle in shape. Called also razor clam, razor fish, knife handle. -- Razor stone.
 Same as Novaculite. -- Razor strap, or Razor strop, a strap or strop used in sharpening razors.

 Ra"zor*a*ble (-*b'l), a. Ready for the razor; fit to be shaved.
 [R.] Shak.
 Ra"zor*back' (-bk'), n. (Zoöl.) The rorqual.

 Ra"zor-backed' (-bkt'), a. (Zoöl.) Having a sharp, lean, or thin back; as, a razor-backed hog, perch, etc.

 Ra"zor*bill' (-bl'), n. (Zoöl.) (a) A species of auk (Alca torda) common in the Arctic seas. See Auk, and Illust.
 in Appendix. (b) See Cutwater, 3.

 Ra"zure (r"zhr; 135), n. [See Rasure.] 1. The act of erasing or effacing, or the state of being effaced; obliteration. See Rasure. Shak.
2. An erasure; a change made by erasing.

 ||Raz"zi*a (rä"z*ä), n. [F., fr. Ar. ghza (pron.
 razia in Algeria).] A plundering and destructive incursion; a foray; a raid.

 Re- (r-). [L. re-, older form (retained before vowels) red-: cf. F. re-, ré-.] A prefix signifying back, against, again, anew; as, recline, to lean back; recall, to call back; recede; remove; reclaim, to call out against; repugn, to fight against; recognition, a knowing again; rejoin, to join again; reiterate; reassure.
 Combinations containing the prefix reare readily formed, and are for the most part of obvious signification.

 Re (r). [It.] (Mus.) A syllable applied in solmization to the second tone of the diatonic scale of C; in the American system, to the second tone of any diatonic scale.

 Re'ab*sorb" (r'b*sôrb"), v. t. To absorb again; to draw in, or imbibe, again what has been effused, extravasated, or thrown off; to swallow up again; as, to reabsorb chyle, lymph, etc.; -- used esp.
 of fluids.

 Re'ab*sorp"tion (-sôrp"shn), n. The act or process of reabsorbing.

 Re'ac*cess" (r'k*ss" or r*k"ss), n. A second access or approach; a return. Hakewill.
 Re'ac*cuse" (r'k*kz"), v. t. To accuse again.

 Reach (rch), v. i. To retch. Cheyne.
 Reach, n. An effort to vomit. [R.]

 Reach, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reached (rcht) (Raught, the old preterit, is obsolete); p. pr. & vb. n. Reaching.] [OE. rechen, AS. rcan, rcean, to extend, stretch out; akin to D. reiken, G. reichen, and possibly to AS. rce powerful, rich, E. rich.
 √115.] 1. To extend; to stretch; to thrust out; to put forth, as a limb, a member,


emphasis; as, indeed it is so. (b) Denoting concession or admission; as, indeed, you are right. (c) Denoting surprise; as, indeed, is it you? Its meaning is not intrinsic or fixed, but depends largely on the form of expression which it accompanies.

 The carnal mind is enmity against God; for it is not subject to the law of God, neither indeed can be.

Rom. viii. 7.
 I were a beast indeed to do you wrong.

Dryden.
 There is, indeed, no great pleasure in visiting these magazines of war.

Addison.
 In'de*fat'i*ga*bil"i*ty (n'd*ft'*g*bl"*t&y breve;), n. The state of being indefatigable.

 In'de*fat"i*ga*ble (n'd*ft"*g*b'l), a. [L. indefatigabilis: cf. OF. indefatigable. See Innot, and Defatigable, and cf.
 Infatigable.] Incapable of being fatigued; not readily exhausted; unremitting in labor or effort; untiring; unwearying; not yielding to fatigue; as, indefatigable exertions, perseverance, application. "A constant, indefatigable attendance." South.
 Upborne with indefatigable wings.

Milton.
Syn. -- Unwearied; untiring; persevering; persistent.

 In'de*fat"i*ga*ble*ness, n. Indefatigable quality; unweariedness; persistency. Parnell.
 In'de*fat"i*ga*bly, adv. Without weariness; without yielding to fatigue; persistently. Dryden.
 In'de*fat'i*ga"tion (?), n. Indefatigableness; unweariedness.
 [Obs.] J. Gregory.
 In'de*fea'si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being indefeasible.

 In'de*fea'si*ble (?), a. [Pref. innot + defeasible: cf. OF. indefaisable.] Not to be defeated; not defeasible; incapable of being annulled or made void; as, an indefeasible or title.

 That the king had a divine and an indefeasible right to the regal power.

Macaulay.
 In'de*fect'i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. indéfectibilité.]
 The quality of being indefectible. Barrow.
 In'de*fect"i*ble (?), a. [Pref. innot + defectible: cf. F. indéfectible.] Not defectible; unfailing; not liable to defect, failure, or decay.

 An indefectible treasure in the heavens.

Barrow.
 A state of indefectible virtue and happiness.

S. Clarke.
 In'de*fect"ive (?), a. Not defective; perfect; complete. "Absolute, indefective obedience." South.
 In'de*fei"si*ble (?), a. Indefeasible. [Obs.]

 In'de*fen'si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of not being defensible. Walsh.
 In'de*fen"si*ble (?), [Pref. innot + defensible: cf. OF.
 indefensible, indefensable.] Not defensible; not capable of being defended, maintained, vindicated, or justified; unjustifiable; untenable; as, an indefensible fortress, position, cause, etc.

 Men find that something can be said in favor of what, on the very proposal, they thought utterly indefensible.

Burke.
 In'de*fen"si*bly, adv. In an indefensible manner.

 In'de*fen"sive (?), a. Defenseless. [Obs.]

 The sword awes the indefensive villager.

Sir T. Herbert.
 In'de*fi"cien*cy, n. The state or quality of not being deficient.
 [Obs.] Strype.
 In'de*fi"cient (?), a. [L. indeficiens. See Innot, and Deficient.] Not deficient; full. [Obs.]

 Brighter than the sun, and indeficient as the light of heaven.

Jer. Taylor.
 In'de*fin"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being defined or described; inexplicable. Bp. Reynolds.
 In'de*fin"a*bly, adv. In an indefinable manner.

 In*def"i*nite (?), a. [L. indefinitus. See Innot, and Definite.]

1. Not definite; not limited, defined, or specified; not explicit; not determined or fixed upon; not precise; uncertain; vague; confused; obscure; as, an indefinite time, plan, etc.

 It were to be wished that... men would leave off that indefinite way of vouching, "the chymists say this," or "the chymists affirm that."

Boyle.
 The time of this last is left indefinite.

Dryden.
2. Having no determined or certain limits; large and unmeasured, though not infinite; unlimited; as, indefinite space; the indefinite extension of a straight line.

 Though it is not infinite, it may be indefinite; though it is not boundless in itself, it may be so to human comprehension.

Spectator.
3. Boundless; infinite. [R.]

Indefinite and omnipresent God, Inhabiting eternity.

W. Thompson (1745).
4. (Bot.) Too numerous or variable to make a particular enumeration important; -- said of the parts of a flower, and the like.
 Also, indeterminate.

Indefinite article (Gram.), the word a or an, used with nouns to denote any one of a common or general class. -- Indefinite inflorescence. (Bot.) See Indeterminate inflorescence, under Indeterminate. -- Indefinite proposition (Logic), a statement whose subject is a common term, with nothing to indicate distribution or nondistribution; as, Man is mortal. -- Indefinite term (Logic), a negative term; as, the notgood.

Syn. -- Inexplicit; vague; uncertain; unsettled; indeterminate; loose; equivocal; inexact; approximate.

 In*def"i*nite*ly, adv. In an indefinite manner or degree; without any settled limitation; vaguely; not with certainty or exactness; as, to use a word indefinitely.

 If the world be indefinitely extended, that is, so far as no human intellect can fancy any bound of it.

Ray.
 In*def"i*nite*ness, n. The quality of being indefinite.

 In'de*fin"i*tude (?), n. Indefiniteness; vagueness; also, number or quantity not limited by our understanding, though yet finite. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.
 In'de*his"cence (?), n. [Cf. F. indéhiscence.] (Bot.)
 The property or state of being indehiscent.

 In'de*his"cent (?), a. [Pref. innot + dehiscent: cf. F. indéhiscent.] (Bot.) Remaining closed at maturity, or not opening along regular lines, as the acorn, or a cocoanut.

 In'de*lec"ta*ble (?), a. Not delectable; unpleasant; disagreeable.
 [R.] Richardson.
 In'de*lib"er*ate (?), a. [L. indeliberatus. See Innot, and Deliberate.] Done without deliberation; unpremeditated. [Obs.] -- In'de*lib"er*ate*ly,


Knopf, 1946.

 Jette, Eleanor. Inside Box 1663. Los Alamos: Los Alamos Historical Society, 1977.

 Kunetka, James W. City of Fire: Los Alamos and the Atomic Age, _PHONE_.
 Albuquerque; University of New Mexico Press, 1978.

 Lamont, Lansing. Day of Trinity. New York: Athenaeum, 1965.

 Rhodes, Richard. The Making of the Atomic Bomb. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1986.

 Skates, John Ray. The Invasion of Japan: Alternative to the Bomb.
 Columbia; University of South Carolina Press, 1994.

 Smyth, Henry DeWolf. Atomic Energy for Military Purposes. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1948.

 Szasz, Ferenc. The Day the Sun Rose Twice. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1984.

 Tibbets, Paul W. Flight of the Enola Gay. Reynoldsburg, Ohio: Buckeye Aviation Book Company, 1989.

 Williams, Robert C. Klaus Fuchs, Atom Spy. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1987.

 Wilson, Jane S. and Serber, Charlotte, eds. Standing By and Making Do: Women in Wartime Los Alamos. Los Alamos: Los Alamos Historical Society, 1988.

 Wyden, Peter. Day One: Before Hiroshima and After. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1984.

 THE NATIONAL ATOMIC MUSEUM, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico Since its opening in 1969, the objective of the National Atomic museum has been to provide a readily accessible repository of educational materials, and information on the Atomic Age. In addition, the museum's goal is to preserve, interpret, and exhibit to the public memorabilia of this Age. In late 1991 the museum was chartered by Congress as the United States' only official Atomic museum.

 Prominently featured in the museum's high bay is the story of the Manhattan Engineer District, the unprecedented 2.2 billion dollar scientific-engineering project that was centered in New Mexico during World War II. The Manhattan Project as it was more commonly called, developed, built, and tested the world's first Atomic bomb in New Mexico.
 This display also includes casings similar to the only Atomic bombs ever used in warfare. Dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, these two bombs helped bring World War II to an end in mid-August 1945.
 The story of the Manhattan Project's three secret cities, Hanford, Washington, Los Alamos, New Mexico, and Oak Ridge, Tennessee, is also presented in this area.

 A portion of the museum, the low bay, is devoted to exhibits on the research, development, and use of various forms of nuclear energy.
 Historical and other traveling exhibits are also displayed in this area.
 Also found in the low bay is the museum's store, which is operated by the museum's foundation.

 Adjacent to the low bay is the theater. The featured film is David Wolpers classic 1963 production, Ten Seconds That Shook The World. This excellent film is a 53-minute documentary on the Manhattan Project. Other films relating to the history of the Atomic Age are available for viewing and checkout from the library.

 Next to the theater is the library/Department of Energy public reading room, containing government documents that are available to the public for in-library research. The library also has many nuclear related books available for reference and checkout.

 Located around the outside of the museum are a number of large exhibits.
 These include the Boeing B-52B jet bomber that dropped the United States' last air burst H-bomb in 1962, and a 280-mm (11 inches) Atomic cannon, once America's most powerful field artillery. Also found in this area is a Navy TA-7C (a modified A-7B) Corsair II fighter-bomber, a veteran of the Vietnam War. Many other nuclear weapons systems, rockets, and missiles are found in this area.

 In front of the museum are a pair of Navy Terrier missiles. The Terrier was the Navy's first operational surface to air missile. To the south of the museum, next to the visitors parking lot, is a Republic F-105D Thunderchief fighter-bomber. Further south is a World War II Boeing B-29 Superfortress. This plane is similar to the B-29's, Enola Gay and Bockscar that dropped the Atomic bombs on Japan.

 The National Atomic Museum, is open 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily, except for New Years Day, Easter, Thanksgiving, and Christmas. The museum is located at 20358 Wyoming Blvd. SE, on Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Guided tours for groups are available by calling _PHONE_ in advance. Admission and tours are free, and cameras are always welcome!


resembling an island; as, an island of ice.

3. (Zoöl.) See Isle, n., 2.

Islands of the blessed (Myth.), islands supposed to lie in the Western Ocean, where the favorites of the gods are conveyed at death, and dwell in everlasting joy.

 Is"land (?), v. t. 1. To cause to become or to resemble an island; to make an island or islands of; to isle. Shelley.
2. To furnish with an island or with islands; as, to island the deep. Southey.
 Is"land*er (?), n. An inhabitant of an island.

 Is"land*y (?), a. Of or pertaining to islands; full of islands. Cotgrave.
 Isle (?), n. [Obs.] See Aisle.

 Isle (?), n. [OF. isle, F. île, L. insula; cf. Lith. sala. Cf. Insulate.]

1. An island. [Poetic] Imperial rule of all the seagirt isles.

Milton.
2. (Zoöl.) A spot within another of a different color, as upon the wings of some insects.

 Isle, v. t. To cause to become an island, or like an island; to surround or encompass; to island. [Poetic] Isled in sudden seas of light.

Tennyson.
 Is"let (?), n. [OF. islette (cf. F. îlot), dim.
 of isle.] A little island.

 -ism (?). [F. -isme, or L. -ismus, Gr. &?;.] A suffix indicating an act, a process, the result of an act or a process, a state; also, a characteristic (as a theory, doctrine, idiom, etc.); as, baptism, galvanism, organism, hypnotism, socialism, sensualism, Anglicism.

 Ism, n. [See ism, above.] A doctrine or theory; especially, a wild or visionary theory. E. Everett.
 The world grew light-headed, and forth came a spawn of isms which no man can number.

S. G. Goodrich.
 { Is'ma*e"li*an (?), Is"ma*el*ite (?), } n. (Eccl.) One of a sect of Mohammedans who favored the pretensions of the family of Mohammed ben Ismael, of the house of Ali.

 { I"so- (?), Is- (?). } [Gr. 'i'sos equal.] A prefix or combining form, indicating identity, or equality; the same numerical value; as in isopod, isomorphous, isochromatic.
 Specif.: (a) (Chem.) Applied to certain compounds having the same composition but different properties; as in isocyanic. (b) (Organic Chem.) Applied to compounds of certain isomeric series in whose structure one carbon atom, at least, is connected with three other carbon atoms; -- contrasted with neoand normal; as in isoparaffine; isopentane.

 I"so*bar (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. &?; weight.] (Phys.
 Geog.) A line connecting or marking places upon the surface of the earth where height of the barometer reduced to sea level is the same either at a given time, or for a certain period (mean height), as for a year; an isopiestic line. [Written also isobare.]

 I'so*bar"ic (?), a. (Phys. Geog.) Denoting equal pressure; as, an isobaric line; specifically, of or pertaining to isobars.

 I"so*bar*ism (?), n. The quality or state of being equal in weight, especially in atmospheric pressure. Also, the theory, method, or application of isobaric science.

 I'so*bar'o*met"ric (?), a. [Iso + barometric.] (Phys.
 Geog.) Indicating equal barometric pressure.

 I'so*bath"y*therm (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. &?; deep + &?; heat.] (Phys. Geog.) A line connecting the points on the surface of the earth where a certain temperature is found at the same depth.

 I'so*bath"y*ther"mic (?), a. Of or pertaining to an isobathytherm; possessing or indicating the same temperature at the same depth.

 I'so*ceph"a*lism (?), n. [From Gr. &?; like-headed. See Iso-, and Cephalon.] (Art) A peculiarity in the design of bas-relief by which the heads of human figures are kept at the same height from the ground, whether the personages are seated, standing, or mounted on horseback; -- called also isokephaleia.

 I"so*chasm (?), n. [Iso- + chasm.] (Phys. Geog.)
 A line connecting places on the earth's surface at which there is the same mean frequency of auroras.

 I'so*chas"mic (?), a. Indicating equal auroral display; as, an isochasmic line.

 I"so*cheim ("s*km), n. [Iso- + Gr. &?;, &?;, winter.] (Phys. Geog.) A line connecting places on the earth having the same mean winter temperature. Cf. Isothere.

 { I'so*chei"mal, I'so*chi"mal } (?), a. Pertaining to, having the nature of, or making, isocheims; as, an isocheimal line; an isocheimal chart.

 { I'so*chei"me*nal (?), I'so*chi"me*nal } a. The same as Isocheimal.

 I'so*chei"mic (?), a. The same as Isocheimal.

 I'so*chi"mene (?), n. The same as Isocheim.

 I'so*chro*mat"ic (?), a. [Iso- + chromatic.] (Opt.)
 Having the same color; connecting parts having the same color, as lines drawn through certain points in experiments on the chromatic effects of polarized light in crystals.

 I*soch"ro*nal (?), a. [See Isochronous.] Uniform in time; of equal time; performed in equal times; recurring at regular intervals; as, isochronal vibrations or oscillations.

 I'so*chron"ic (?), a. Isochronal.

 I*soch"ro*nism (?), n. The state or quality of being isochronous.

 I*soch"ro*non (?), n. [NL. See Isochronous.] A clock that is designed to keep very accurate time.

 I*soch"ro*nous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?; equal + &?; time.]
 Same as Isochronal.

 I*soch"ro*ous (?), a. [Iso- + Gr. &?; color.] Having the same tint or color throughout; uniformly or evenly colored.

 { I'so*cli"nal (?), I'so*clin"ic (?), } a. [Iso- + Gr. &?; to incline.] Of or pertaining to, or indicating, equality of inclination or dip; having equal inclination or dip.

Isoclinal lines (Magnetism), lines on the earth's surface connecting places at which a dipping needle indicates the same inclination or dip.

 I'so*cry"mal (?), a. (Phys. Geog.) Pertaining to, having the nature of, or illustrating, an isocryme; as, an isocrymal line; an isocrymal chart.

 I"so*cryme (?), n. [Iso- + Gr. &?; cold.] (Phys.
 Geog.) A line connecting points on the earth's surface having the same mean temperature in the col


about. See Voluble, and cf. Vault a leap, Volt a turn, Volute.]

1. (Arch.) An arched structure of masonry, forming a ceiling or canopy.

 The long-drawn aisle and fretted vault.

Gray.
2. An arched apartment; especially, a subterranean room, use for storing articles, for a prison, for interment, or the like; a cell; a cellar. "Charnel vaults." Milton.
 The silent vaults of death.

Sandys.
 To banish rats that haunt our vault.

Swift.
3. The canopy of heaven; the sky.

 That heaven's vault should crack.

Shak.
4. [F. volte, It. volta, originally, a turn, and the same word as volta an arch. See the Etymology above.] A leap or bound. Specifically: — (a) (Man.) The bound or leap of a horse; a curvet. (b) A leap by aid of the hands, or of a pole, springboard, or the like.

 The l in this word was formerly often suppressed in pronunciation.

Barrel, Cradle, Cylindrical, or Wagon, vault (Arch.), a kind of vault having two parallel abutments, and the same section or profile at all points. It may be rampant, as over a staircase (see Rampant vault, under Rampant), or curved in plan, as around the apse of a church. — Coved vault. (Arch.) See under 1st Cove, v. t. — Groined vault (Arch.), a vault having groins, that is, one in which different cylindrical surfaces intersect one another, as distinguished from a barrel, or wagon, vault. — Rampant vault. (Arch.) See under Rampant.
 — Ribbed vault (Arch.), a vault differing from others in having solid ribs which bear the weight of the vaulted surface. True Gothic vaults are of this character. — Vault light, a partly glazed plate inserted in a pavement or ceiling to admit light to a vault below.

 Vault (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vaulted; p. pr. & vb. n. Vaulting.] [OE. vouten, OF. volter, vouter, F. voûter. See Vault an arch.]

1. To form with a vault, or to cover with a vault; to give the shape of an arch to; to arch; as, vault a roof; to vault a passage to a court.

 The shady arch that vaulted the broad green alley.

Sir W. Scott.
2. [See Vault, v. i.] To leap over; esp., to leap over by aid of the hands or a pole; as, to vault a fence.

 I will vault credit, and affect high pleasures.

Webster (1623).
 Vault, v. i. [Cf. OF. volter, F. voltiger, It. volt&?;re turn. See Vault, n., 4.]

1. To leap; to bound; to jump; to spring.

Vaulting ambition, which o'erleaps itself.

Shak.
 Leaning on his lance, he vaulted on a tree.

Dryden.
 Lucan vaulted upon Pegasus with all the heat and intrepidity of youth.

Addison.
2. To exhibit feats of tumbling or leaping; to tumble.

 Vault"age (?), n. Vaulted work; also, a vaulted place; an arched cellar. [Obs.] Shak.
 Vault"ed, a. 1. Arched; concave; as, a vaulted roof.

2. Covered with an arch, or vault.

3. (Bot.) Arched like the roof of the mouth, as the upper lip of many ringent flowers.

 Vault"er (?), n. One who vaults; a leaper; a tumbler. B. Jonson.
 Vault"ing, n. 1. The act of constructing vaults; a vaulted construction.

2. Act of one who vaults or leaps.

 Vault"y (?), a. Arched; concave. [Obs.] "The vaulty heaven."
 Shak.
 Vaunce (?), v. i. [See Advance.] To advance. [Obs.] Spenser.
 Vaunt (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Vaunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Vaunting.] [F. vanter, LL. vanitare, fr. L. vanus vain. See Vain.] To boast; to make a vain display of one's own worth, attainments, decorations, or the like; to talk ostentatiously; to brag.

 Pride, which prompts a man to vaunt and overvalue what he is, does incline him to disvalue what he has.

Gov. of Tongue.
 Vaunt, v. t. To boast of; to make a vain display of; to display with ostentation.

 Charity vaunteth not itself, is not puffed up.

1 Cor. xiii. 4.
 My vanquisher, spoiled of his vaunted spoil.

Milton.
 Vaunt, n. A vain display of what one is, or has, or has done; ostentation from vanity; a boast; a brag.

 The spirits beneath, whom I seduced With other promises and other vaunts.

Milton.
 Vaunt, n. [F. avant before, fore. See Avant, Vanguard.] The first part. [Obs.] Shak.
 Vaunt, v. t. [See Avant, Advance.] To put forward; to display.
 [Obs.] "Vaunted spear." Spenser.
 And what so else his person most may vaunt.

Spenser.
 Vaunt"-cou'ri*er (?), n. See Vancourier. [Obs.] Shak.
 Vaunt"er (?), n. One who vaunts; a boaster.

 Vaunt"ful (?), a. Given to vaunting or boasting; vainly ostentatious; boastful; vainglorious.

 Vaunt"ing*ly, adv. In a vaunting manner.

 Vaunt"mure' (?), n. [F. avant-mur. See Vanguard, and Mure.]
 (Fort.) A false wall; a work raised in front of the main wall.
 [Written also vaimure, and vamure.] Camden.
 Vauque"lin*ite (?), n. [So called after the French chemist Vauquelin, who died in 1829: cf. F. vauquelinite.] (Min.) Chromate of copper and lead, of various shades of green.

 Vaut (?), v. i. To vault; to leap. [Obs.] Spenser.
 Vaut, n. A vault; a leap. [Obs.] Spenser.
 Vaut"y (?), a. Vaulted. "The haughty vauty welkin." [Obs.]
 Taylor (1611).
 Vav"a*sor (?), n. [OE. vavasour, OF. vavassor, vavassour, F. vavasseur, LL. vavassor, probably contr. from vassus vassorum vassal of the vassals. See Vassal.] (Feud. Law) The vassal or tenant of a baron; one who held under a baron, and who also had tenants under him; one in dignity next to a baron; a title of dignity next to a baron. Burrill. "A worthy vavasour." Chaucer.
 [Also written vavasour, vavassor, valvasor, etc.]

Vavasours subdivide again to vassals, exchanging land and cattle, human or otherwise, against fealty.

Motley.
 Vav"a*so*ry (?), n. [F. vavassorie.] (Feud. Law) The quality or tenure of the fee held by a vavasor; also, the lands held by a vavasor.

 Va"ward


.] The act of dulcifying or sweetening. Boyle.
 Dul"ci*fied (?), a. Sweetened; mollified.

Dulcified spirit or spirits, a compound of alcohol with mineral acids; as, dulcified spirits of niter.

 Dul*cif"lu*ous (?), a. [L. dulcis sweet + fluere to flow.] Flowing sweetly. [R.]

 Dul"ci*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dulcified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dulcifying.] [L. dulcis sweet + -fy: cf. F. dulcifier.] 1. (Pharm.) To sweeten; to free from acidity, saltness, or acrimony. Wiseman.
2. Fig. : To mollify; to sweeten; to please.

 As she... was further dulcified by her pipe of tobacco.

Hawthorne.
 Dul*cil"o*quy (?), n. [L. dulcis sweet + loqui to speak.] A soft manner of speaking.

 Dul"ci*mer (?), n. [It. dolcemele,r Sp. dulcemele, fr. L. dulcis sweet + melos song, melody, Gr. &?;; cf.
 OF. doulcemele. See Dulcet, and Melody.] (Mus.) (a) An instrument, having stretched metallic wires which are beaten with two light hammers held in the hands of the performer. (b) An ancient musical instrument in use among the Jews. Dan. iii. 5. It is supposed to be the same with the psaltery.

 Dul*cin"e*a (?), n. [Sp., from Dulcinea del Toboso the mistress of the affections of Don Quixote.] A mistress; a sweetheart.

 I must ever have some Dulcinea in my head.

Sterne.
 Dul"ci*ness (?), n. See Dulceness. [Obs.]

 ||Dul*ci"no (?), n. (Mus.) See Dolcino.

 Dul"cite (?), n. [Cf. F. dulcite, fr. L. dulcis sweet.] (Chem.) A white, sugarlike substance, C6H8.(OH)2, occurring naturally in a manna from Madagascar, and in certain plants, and produced artificially by the reduction of galactose and lactose or milk sugar.

 Dul"ci*tude (?), n. [L. dulcitudo, fr. dulcis sweet.
 Sweetness. [R.] Cockeram.
 Dul"co*rate (?), v. t. [L. dulcoratus, p. p. of dulcorare, fr. dulcor sweetness, fr. dulcis sweet.] To sweeten; to make less acrimonious. [R.] Bacon.
 Dul'co*ra"tion (?), n. [LL. dulcoratio.] The act of sweetening. [R.] Bacon.
 Du"ledge (?), n. (Mil.) One of the dowels joining the ends of the fellies which form the circle of the wheel of a gun carriage. Wilhelm.
 ||Du*li"a (?), n. [LL., fr. Gr. &?; servitude, fr. &?; slave.] (R. C. Ch.) An inferior kind of veneration or worship, given to the angels and saints as the servants of God.

 Dull (?), a. [Compar. Duller (?); superl. Dullest.]
 [AS. dol foolish; akin to gedwelan to err, D. dol mad, dwalen to wander, err, G. toll mad, Goth. dwals foolish, stupid, cf. Gr. &?; turbid, troubled, Skr. dhvr to cause to fall. Cf. Dolt, Dwale, Dwell, Fraud.] 1. Slow of understanding; wanting readiness of apprehension; stupid; doltish; blockish. "Dull at classical learning." Thackeray.
 She is not bred so dull but she can learn.

Shak.
2. Slow in action; sluggish; unready; awkward.

 This people's heart is waxed gross, and their ears are dull of hearing.

Matt. xiii. 15.
 O, help my weak wit and sharpen my dull tongue.

Spenser.
3. Insensible; unfeeling.

 Think me not So dull a devil to forget the loss Of such a matchless wife.

 Beau. & Fl.
4. Not keen in edge or point; lacking sharpness; blunt. "Thy scythe is dull." Herbert.
5. Not bright or clear to the eye; wanting in liveliness of color or luster; not vivid; obscure; dim; as, a dull fire or lamp; a dull red or yellow; a dull mirror.

6. Heavy; gross; cloggy; insensible; spiritless; lifeless; inert.
 "The dull earth." Shak.
 As turning the logs will make a dull fire burn, so changes of study a dull brain.

 Longfellow.
7. Furnishing little delight, spirit, or variety; uninteresting; tedious; cheerless; gloomy; melancholy; depressing; as, a dull story or sermon; a dull occupation or period; hence, cloudy; overcast; as, a dull day.

 Along life's dullest, dreariest walk.

 Keble.
Syn. -- Lifeless; inanimate; dead; stupid; doltish; heavy; sluggish; sleepy; drowsy; gross; cheerless; tedious; irksome; dismal; dreary; clouded; tarnished; obtuse. See Lifeless.

 Dull, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Duller (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dulling.] 1. To deprive of sharpness of edge or point.
 "This... dulled their swords." Bacon.
 Borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry.

Shak.
2. To make dull, stupid, or sluggish; to stupefy, as the senses, the feelings, the perceptions, and the like.

 Those [drugs] she has Will stupefy and dull the sense a while.

Shak.
 Use and custom have so dulled our eyes.

Trench.
3. To render dim or obscure; to sully; to tarnish. "Dulls the mirror." Bacon.
4. To deprive of liveliness or activity; to render heavy; to make inert; to depress; to weary; to sadden.

 Attention of mind... wasted or dulled through continuance.

Hooker.
 Dull, v. i. To become dull or stupid. Rom. of R. Dull"ard (?), n. [Dull + - ard.] A stupid person; a dunce. Shak. -- a. Stupid. Bp. Hall.
 Dull"-brained' (?), a. Stupid; doltish. Shak.
 Dull"-browed' (?), a. Having a gloomy look.

 Dull"er (?), n. One who, or that which, dulls.

 Dull"-eyed' (?), a. Having eyes wanting brightness, liveliness, or vivacity. Shak.
 Dull"head' (?), n. A blockhead; a dolt. Ascham.
 Dull"ish, a. Somewhat dull; uninteresting; tiresome. "A series of dullish verses." Prof. Wilson.
 Dull"ness, n. The state of being dull; slowness; stupidity; heaviness; drowsiness; bluntness; obtuseness; dimness; want of luster; want of vividness, or of brightness. [Written also dulness.]

 And gentle dullness ever loves a joke.

Pope.
 Dull"-sight'ed (?), a. Having poor eyesight.

 Dull"some (?), a. Dull. [R.] Gataker.
 Dull"-wit'ted (?


FEN notation is an ASCII representation of positions on a chessboard.
To produce a FEN file, remove the indicated lines at the start and end of this file.


? What is the meaning of these perfumed envelopes? How did Sir Crichton die?"
"He died of the Zayat Kiss. Ask me what that is and I reply 'I do not know.' The zayats are the Burmese caravanserais, or rest-houses. Along a certain route—upon which I set eyes, for the first and only time, upon Dr. Fu-Manchu—travelers who use them sometimes die as Sir Crichton died, with nothing to show the cause of death but a little mark upon the neck, face, or limb, which has earned, in those parts, the title of the 'Zayat Kiss.' The rest-houses along that route are shunned now. I have my theory and I hope to prove it to-night, if I live. It will be one more broken weapon in his fiendish armory, and it is thus, and thus only, that I can hope to crush him. This was my principal reason for not enlightening Dr. Cleeve. Even walls have ears where Fu-Manchu is concerned, so I feigned ignorance of the meaning of the mark, knowing that he would be almost certain to employ the same methods upon some other victim. I wanted an opportunity to study the Zayat Kiss in operation, and I shall have one."
"But the scented envelopes?"
"In the swampy forests of the district I have referred to a rare species of orchid, almost green, and with a peculiar scent, is sometimes met with. I recognized the heavy perfume at once. I take it that the thing which kills the traveler is attracted by this orchid.
You will notice that the perfume clings to whatever it touches. I doubt if it can be washed off in the ordinary way. After at least one unsuccessful attempt to kill Sir Crichton—you recall that he thought there was something concealed in his study on a previous occasion?—Fu-Manchu hit upon the perfumed envelopes. He may have a supply of these green orchids in his possession—possibly to feed the creature."
"What creature? How could any kind of creature have got into Sir Crichton's room tonight?"
"You no doubt observed that I examined the grate of the study. I found a fair quantity of fallen soot. I at once assumed, since it appeared to be the only means of entrance, that something has been dropped down; and I took it for granted that the thing, whatever it was, must still be concealed either in the study or in the library. But when I had obtained the evidence of the groom, Wills, I perceived that the cry from the lane or from the park was a signal. I noted that the movements of anyone seated at the study table were visible, in shadow, on the blind, and that the study occupied the corner of a two-storied wing and, therefore, had a short chimney. What did the signal mean?
That Sir Crichton had leaped up from his chair, and either had received the Zayat Kiss or had seen the thing which someone on the roof had lowered down the straight chimney. It was the signal to withdraw that deadly thing. By means of the iron stairway at the rear of Major-General Platt-Houston's, I quite easily, gained access to the roof above Sir Crichton's study—and I found this."
Out from his pocket Nayland Smith drew a tangled piece of silk, mixed up with which were a brass ring and a number of unusually large-sized split-shot, nipped on in the manner usual on a fishing-line.
"My theory proven," he resumed. "Not anticipating a search on the roof, they had been careless. This was to weight the line and to prevent the creature clinging to the walls of the chimney. Directly it had dropped in the grate, however, by means of this ring I assume that the weighted line was withdrawn, and the thing was only held by one slender thread, which sufficed, though, to draw it back again when it had done its work. It might have got tangled, of course, but they reckoned on its making straight up the carved leg of the writing-table for the prepared envelope. From there to the hand of Sir Crichton—which, from having touched the envelope, would also be scented with the perfume—was a certain move."
"My God! How horrible!" I exclaimed, and glanced apprehensively into the dusky shadows of the room. "What is your theory respecting this creature—what shape, what color—?"
"It is something that moves rapidly and silently. I will venture no more at present, but I think it works in the dark. The study was dark, remember, save for the bright patch beneath the reading-lamp. I have observed that the rear of this house is ivy-covered right up to and above your bedroom. Let us make ostentatious preparations to retire, and I think we may rely upon Fu-Manchu's servants to attempt my removal, at any rate—if not yours."
"But, my dear fellow, it is a climb of thirty-five feet at the very least."
"You remember the cry in the back lane? It suggested something to me, and I tested my idea—successfully. It was the cry of a dacoit. Oh, dacoity, though quiescent, is by no means extinct. Fu-Manchu has dacoits in his train, and probably it is one who operates the Zayat Kiss, since it was a dacoit who watched the window of the study this evening. To such a man an ivy-covered wall is a grand staircase."
The horrible events that followed are punctuated, in my mind, by the striking of a distant clock. It is singular how trivialities thus assert themselves in moments of high tension. I will proceed, then, by these punctuations, to the coming of the horror that it was written we should encounter.
The clock across the common struck two.
Having removed all traces of the scent of the orchid from our hands with a solution of ammonia Smith and I had followed the programme laid down. It was an easy matter to reach the rear of the house, by simply climbing a fence, and we did not doubt that seeing the light go out in the front, our unseen watcher would proceed to the back.
The room was a large one, and we had made up my camp-bed at one end, stuffing odds and ends under the clothes to lend the appearance of a sleeper, which device we also had adopted in the case of the larger bed. The perfumed envelope lay upon a little coffee table in the center of the floor, and Smith, with an electric pocket lamp, a revolver, and a brassey beside him, sat on cushions in the shadow of the wardrobe. I occupied a post between the windows.
No unusual sound, so far, had disturbed the stillness of the night.
Save for the muffled throb of the rare all-night cars passing the front of the house, our vigil had been a silent one. The full moon had painted about the floor weird shadows of the clustering ivy, spreading the design gradually from the door, across the room, past the little table where the envelope lay, and finally to the foot of the bed.
The distant clock struck a quarter-past two.
A slight breeze stirred the ivy, and a new shadow added itself to the extreme edge of the moon's design.
Something rose, inch by inch, above the sill of the westerly window. I could see only its shadow, but a sharp, sibilant breath from Smith told me that he, from his post, could see the cause of the shadow.
Every nerve in my body seemed to be strung tensely. I was icy cold, expectant, and prepared for whatever horror was upon us.
The shadow became stationary. The dacoit was studying the interior of the room.
Then it suddenly lengthened, and, craning my head to the left, I saw a lithe, black-clad form, surmounted by a Yellow face, sketchy in the moonlight, pressed against the window-panes!
One thin, brown hand appeared over the edge of the lowered sash, which it grasped—and then another. The man made absolutely no sound whatever. The second hand disappeared—and reappeared. It held a small, square box. There was a very faint CLICK.
The dacoit swung himself below the window with the agility of an ape, as, with a


the tool] An iron cleaver or splitting tool; a frow. [U. S.] Bartlett.
 Frog (frg), n. [AS. froggu, frocga a frog (in sensel); akin to D. vorsch, OHG. frosk, G. frosch, Icel. froskr, fraukr, Sw. & Dan. frö.] 1.
(Zoöl.) An amphibious animal of the genus Rana and related genera, of many species. Frogs swim rapidly, and take long leaps on land. Many of the species utter loud notes in the springtime.

 The edible frog of Europe (Rana esculenta) is extensively used as food; the American bullfrog (R. Catesbiana) is remarkable for its great size and loud voice.

2. [Perh. akin to E. fork, cf. frush frog of a horse.] (Anat.) The triangular prominence of the hoof, in the middle of the sole of the foot of the horse, and other animals; the fourchette.

3. (Railroads) A supporting plate having raised ribs that form continuations of the rails, to guide the wheels where one track branches from another or crosses it.

4. [Cf. fraco of wool or silk, L. floccus, E. frock.]
 An oblong cloak button, covered with netted thread, and fastening into a loop instead of a button hole.

5. The loop of the scabbard of a bayonet or sword.

Cross frog (Railroads), a frog adapted for tracks that cross at right angles. -- Frog cheese, a popular name for a large puffball. -- Frog eater, one who eats frogs; -- a term of contempt applied to a Frenchman by the vulgar class of English. -- Frog fly.
 (Zoöl.) See Frog hopper. -- Frog hopper (Zoöl.), a small, leaping, hemipterous insect living on plants. The larvæ are inclosed in a frothy liquid called cuckoo spit or frog spit.
 -- Frog lily (Bot.), the yellow water lily (Nuphar).
 -- Frog spit (Zoöl.), the frothy exudation of the frog hopper; -- called also frog spittle. See Cuckoo spit, under Cuckoo.

 Frog (?), v. t. To ornament or fasten (a coat, etc.) with trogs.
 See Frog, n., 4.

 Frog"bit' (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A European plant (Hydrocharis Morsusranæ), floating on still water and propagating itself by runners. It has roundish leaves and small white flowers. (b) An American plant (Limnobium Spongia), with similar habits.

 Frog"fish' (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) See Angler, n., 2. (b) An oceanic fish of the genus Antennarius or Pterophrynoides; -- called also mousefish and toadfish.

 Frogged (?), a. Provided or ornamented with frogs; as, a frogged coat. See Frog, n., 4. Ld. Lytton.
 Frog"gy (?), a. Abounding in frogs. Sherwood.
 Frog"mouth' (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of several species of Asiatic and East Indian birds of the genus Batrachostomus (family Podargidæ); -- so called from their very broad, flat bills.

 Frog"s'-bit" (?), n. (Bot.) Frogbit.

 Frog"shell' (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of numerous species of marine gastropod shells, belonging to Ranella and allied genera.

 Froise (?), n. [OE. froise cf. F. froisser to bruise, E. frush to bruise,] A kind of pancake. See 1st Fraise. [Written also fraise.]

 Frol"ic (frl"k), a. [D. vroolijk; akin to G. frölich, fr. froh, OHG. fr, Dan. fro, OS. frh, cf.
 Icel. frr swift; all perh. akin to Skr. pru to spring up.]
 Full of levity; dancing, playing, or frisking about; full of pranks; frolicsome; gay; merry.

 The frolic wind that breathes the spring.

Milton.
 The gay, the frolic, and the loud.

Waller.
 Frol"ic, n. 1. A wild prank; a flight of levity, or of gayety and mirth.

 He would be at his frolic once again.

Roscommon.
2. A scene of gayety and mirth, as in lively play, or in dancing; a merrymaking.

 Frol"ic, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Frolicked (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Frolicking.] To play wild pranks; to play tricks of levity, mirth, and gayety; to indulge in frolicsome play; to sport.

 Hither, come hither, and frolic and play.

Tennyson.
 Frol"ic*ful (?), a. Frolicsome. [R.]

 Frol"ick*y (?), a. Frolicsome. [Obs.] Richardson.
 Frol"ic*ly, adv. In a frolicsome manner; with mirth and gayety.
 [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
 Frol"ic*some (?), a. Full of gayety and mirth; given to pranks; sportive.

 Old England, who takes a frolicsome brain fever once every two or three years, for the benefit of her doctors.

Sir W. Scott.
 -- Frol"ic*some*ly, adv. -- Frol"ic*some*ness, n. From (frm), prep. [AS. fram, from; akin to OS. fram out, OHG. & Icel. fram forward, Sw. fram, Dan. frem, Goth. fram from, prob. akin to E. forth. &?;202. Cf. Fro, Foremost.] Out of the neighborhood of; lessening or losing proximity to; leaving behind; by reason of; out of; by aid of; -- used whenever departure, setting out, commencement of action, being, state, occurrence, etc., or procedure, emanation, absence, separation, etc., are to be expressed. It is construed with, and indicates, the point of space or time at which the action, state, etc., are regarded as setting out or beginning; also, less frequently, the source, the cause, the occasion, out of which anything proceeds; -- the antithesis and correlative of to; as, it, is one hundred miles from Boston to Springfield; he took his sword from his side; light proceeds from the sun; separate the coarse wool from the fine; men have all sprung from Adam, and often go from good to bad, and from bad to worse; the merit of an action depends on the principle from which it proceeds; men judge of facts from personal knowledge, or from testimony.

 Experience from the time past to the time present.

Bacon.
 The song began from Jove.

Drpden.
From high Mæonia's rocky shores I came.

Addison.
 If the wind blow any way from shore.

Shak.
From sometimes denotes away from, remote from, inconsistent with. "Anything so overdone is from the purpose of playing." Shak.
From, when joined with another preposition or an adverb, gives an opportunity for abbreviating the sentence. "There followed him great multitudes of people... from [the land] beyond Jordan."
 Math. iv. 25. In certain constructions, as from forth, from out, etc., the ordinary and more obvious arrangment is inverted, the sense being more distinctly forth from, out from -- from being virtually the


of; as, to shave the face or the crown of the head; he shaved himself.

 I'll shave your crown for this.

Shak.
 The laborer with the bending scythe is seen Shaving the surface of the waving green.

Gay.
3. To cut off thin slices from; to cut in thin slices.

 Plants bruised or shaven in leaf or root.

Bacon.
4. To skim along or near the surface of; to pass close to, or touch lightly, in passing.

 Now shaves with level wing the deep.

Milton.
5. To strip; to plunder; to fleece. [Colloq.]

To shave a note, to buy it at a discount greater than the legal rate of interest, or to deduct in discounting it more than the legal rate allows. [Cant, U.S.]

 Shave (?), v. i. To use a razor for removing the beard; to cut closely; hence, to be hard and severe in a bargain; to practice extortion; to cheat.

 Shave (?), n. [AS. scafa, sceafa, a sort of knife. See Shave, v. t.] 1. A thin slice; a shaving. Wright.
2. A cutting of the beard; the operation of shaving.

3. (a) An exorbitant discount on a note. [Cant, U.S.] (b) A premium paid for an extension of the time of delivery or payment, or for the right to vary a stock contract in any particular. [Cant, U.S.] N. Biddle.
4. A hand tool consisting of a sharp blade with a handle at each end; a drawing knife; a spokeshave.

5. The act of passing very near to, so as almost to graze; as, the bullet missed by a close shave. [Colloq.]

Shave grass (Bot.), the scouring rush. See the Note under Equisetum. -- Shave hook, a tool for scraping metals, consisting of a sharpedged triangular steel plate attached to a shank and handle.

 Shave"ling (?), n. A man shaved; hence, a monk, or other religious; -- used in contempt.

 I am no longer a shaveling than while my frock is on my back.

Sir W. Scott.
 Shav"er (?), n. 1. One who shaves; one whose occupation is to shave.

2. One who is close in bargains; a sharper. Swift.
3. One who fleeces; a pillager; a plunderer.

 By these shavers the Turks were stripped.

Knolles.
4. A boy; a lad; a little fellow. [Colloq.] "These unlucky little shavers." Salmagundi.
 As I have mentioned at the door to this young shaver, I am on a chase in the name of the king.

Dickens.
5. (Mech.) A tool or machine for shaving.

A note shaver, a person who buys notes at a discount greater than the legal rate of interest. [Cant, U.S.]

 Shav"ing, n. 1. The act of one who, or that which, shaves; specifically, the act of cutting off the beard with a razor.

2. That which is shaved off; a thin slice or strip pared off with a shave, a knife, a plane, or other cutting instrument. "Shaving of silver." Chaucer.
Shaving brush, a brush used in lathering the face preparatory to shaving it.

 Shaw (sh), n. [OE. schawe, schae, thicket, grove, AS.
 scaga; akin to Dan. skov, Sw. skog, Icel. skgr.]
 1. A thicket; a small wood or grove. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Burns.
 Gaillard he was as goldfinch in the shaw.

Chaucer.
 The green shaws, the merry green woods.

Howitt.
2. pl. The leaves and tops of vegetables, as of potatoes, turnips, etc. [Scot.] Jamieson.
 Shaw"fowl', n. [Scot. schaw, shaw, show + fowl.]
 The representation or image of a fowl made by fowlers to shoot at. Johnson.
 Shawl (?), n. [Per. & Hind. shl: cf. F. châle.]
 A square or oblong cloth of wool, cotton, silk, or other textile or netted fabric, used, especially by women, as a loose covering for the neck and shoulders.

India shawl, a kind of rich shawl made in India from the wool of the Cashmere goat. It is woven in pieces, which are sewed together. -- Shawl goat (Zoöl.), the Cashmere goat.

 Shawl, v. t. To wrap in a shawl. Thackeray.
 Shawm (?), n. [OE. shalmie, OF. chalemie; cf. F. chalumeau shawm, chaume haulm, stalk; all fr. L. calamus a reed, reed pipe. See Haulm, and cf. Calumet.] (Mus.) A wind instrument of music, formerly in use, supposed to have resembled either the clarinet or the hautboy in form. [Written also shalm, shaum.] Otway.
 Even from the shrillest shaum unto the cornamute.

Drayton.
 Shaw'nees" (?), n. pl.; sing. Shawnee (&?;). (Ethnol.)
 A tribe of North American Indians who occupied Western New York and part of Ohio, but were driven away and widely dispersed by the Iroquois.

 Shay (?), n. A chaise. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]

 She (?), pron. [sing. nom. She; poss. Her. (&?;) or Hers (&?;); obj. Her; pl. nom. They (?); poss.
 Their (?) or Theirs (&?;); obj. Them (?).] [OE. she, sche, scheo, scho, AS. seó, fem. of the definite article, originally a demonstrative pronoun; cf. OS. siu, D. zij, G. sie, OHG. siu, s, si, Icel. s, sj, Goth. si she, s, fem. article, Russ. siia, fem., this, Gr. &?;, fem. article, Skr. s, sy. The possessive her or hers, and the objective her, are from a different root. See Her.] 1. This or that female; the woman understood or referred to; the animal of the female sex, or object personified as feminine, which was spoken of.

She loved her children best in every wise.

Chaucer.
 Then Sarah denied,... for she was afraid.

Gen. xviii. 15.
2. A woman; a female; -- used substantively. [R.]

 Lady, you are the cruelest she alive.

Shak.
She is used in composition with nouns of common gender, for female, to denote an animal of the female sex; as, a she-bear; a she-cat.

 Shead"ing (?), n. [From AS. scdan, sceádan, to separate, divide. See Shed, v. t.] A tithing, or division, in the Isle of Man, in which there is a coroner, or chief constable. The island is divided into six sheadings.

 Sheaf (?), n. (Mech.) A sheave. [R.]

 Sheaf, n.; pl. Sheaves (#). [OE. sheef, shef, schef, AS. sceáf; akin to D. schoof, OHG. scoub, G. schaub, Icel. skauf a fox's brush, and E. shove.
 See Shove.] 1. A quantity of the stalks and ears of wheat, rye, or other grain, bound together; a bundle of grain or straw.

 The reaper fills his greedy hands, And binds the golden sheaves in brittle bands.

Dryden.
2. Any collection of things bound together; a bundle;


KWAIDAN: Stories and Studies of Strange Things By Lafcadio Hearn A Note from the Digitizer On Japanese Pronunciation Although simplified, the following general rules will help the reader unfamiliar with Japanese to come close enough to Japanese pronunciation.
There are five vowels: a (as in fAther), i (as in machIne), u (as in fOOl), e (as in fEllow), and o (as in mOle). Although certain vowels become nearly "silent" in some environments, this phenomenon can be safely ignored for the purpose at hand.
Consonants roughly approximate their corresponding sounds in English, except for r, which is actually somewhere between r and l (this is why the Japanese have trouble distinguishing between English r and l), and f, which is much closer to h. The spelling "KWAIDAN" is based on premodern Japanese pronunciation; when Hearn came to Japan, the orthography reflecting this pronunciation was still in use. In modern Japanese the word is pronounced KAIDAN.
There are many ellipses in the text. Hearn often used them in this book; they do not represent omissions by the digitizer.
Author's original notes are in brackets, those by the digitizer are in parentheses.
Contents INTRODUCTION KWAIDAN THE STORY OF MIMI-NASHI-HŌÏCHI OSHIDORI THE STORY OF O-TEI UBAZAKURA DIPLOMACY OF A MIRROR AND A BELL JIKININKI MUJINA ROKURO-KUBI A DEAD SECRET YUKI-ONNA THE STORY OF AOYAGI JIU-ROKU-ZAKURA THE DREAM OF AKINOSUKÉ RIKI-BAKA HI-MAWARI HŌRAI INSECT STUDIES BUTTERFLIES MOSQUITOES ANTS Notes Illustrations BLOWING HER BREATH UPON HIM BUTTERFLY DANCE INTRODUCTION The publication of a new volume of Lafcadio Hearn's exquisite studies of Japan happens, by a delicate irony, to fall in the very month when the world is waiting with tense expectation for news of the latest exploits of Japanese battleships. Whatever the outcome of the present struggle between Russia and Japan, its significance lies in the fact that a nation of the East, equipped with Western weapons and girding itself with Western energy of will, is deliberately measuring strength against one of the great powers of the Occident. No one is wise enough to forecast the results of such a conflict upon the civilization of the world. The best one can do is to estimate, as intelligently as possible, the national characteristics of the peoples engaged, basing one's hopes and fears upon the psychology of the two races rather than upon purely political and statistical studies of the complicated questions involved in the present war. The Russian people have had literary spokesmen who for more than a generation have fascinated the European audience. The Japanese, on the other hand, have possessed no such national and universally recognized figures as Turgenieff or Tolstoy. They need an interpreter.
It may be doubted whether any oriental race has ever had an interpreter gifted with more perfect insight and sympathy than Lafcadio Hearn has brought to the translation of Japan into our occidental speech. His long residence in that country, his flexibility of mind, poetic imagination, and wonderfully pellucid style have fitted him for the most delicate of literary tasks. He has seen marvels, and he has told of them in a marvelous way. There is scarcely an aspect of contemporary Japanese life, scarcely an element in the social, political, and military questions involved in the present conflict with Russia which is not made clear in one or another of the books with which he has charmed American readers.
He characterizes Kwaidan as "stories and studies of strange things." A hundred thoughts suggested by the book might be written down, but most of them would begin and end with this fact of strangeness. To read the very names in the table of contents is like listening to a Buddhist bell, struck somewhere far away. Some of his tales are of the long ago, and yet they seem to illumine the very souls and minds of the little men who are at this hour crowding the decks of Japan's armored cruisers. But many of the stories are about women and children,—the lovely materials from which the best fairy tales of the world have been woven. They too are strange, these Japanese maidens and wives and keen-eyed, dark-haired girls and boys; they are like us and yet not like us; and the sky and the hills and the flowers are all different from ours. Yet by a magic of which Mr. Hearn, almost alone among contemporary writers, is the master, in these delicate, transparent, ghostly sketches of a world unreal to us, there is a haunting sense of spiritual reality.
In a penetrating and beautiful essay contributed to the "Atlantic Monthly" in February, 1903, by Paul Elmer More, the secret of Mr.
Hearn's magic is said to lie in the fact that in his art is found "the meeting of three ways." "To the religious instinct of India—Buddhism in particular,—which history has engrafted on the aæsthetic sense of Japan, Mr. Hearn brings the interpreting spirit of occidental science; and these three traditions are fused by the peculiar sympathies of his mind into one rich and novel compound,—a compound so rare as to have introduced into literature a psychological sensation unknown before." Mr. More's essay received the high praise of Mr.
Hearn's recognition and gratitude, and if it were possible to reprint it here, it would provide a most suggestive introduction to these new stories of old Japan, whose substance is, as Mr. More has said, "so strangely mingled together out of the austere dreams of India and the subtle beauty of Japan and the relentless science of Europe." March, 1904.
Most of the following Kwaidan, or Weird Tales, have been taken from old Japanese books,—such as the Yasō-Kidan, Bukkyō-Hyakkwa-Zenshō, Kokon-Chomonshū, Tama-Sudaré, and Hyaku-Monogatari. Some of the stories may have had a Chinese origin: the very remarkable "Dream of Akinosuké," for example, is certainly from a Chinese source. But the story-teller, in every case, has so recolored and reshaped his borrowing as to naturalize it... One queer tale, "Yuki-Onna," was told me by a farmer of Chōfu, Nishitama-gōri, in Musashi province, as a legend of his native village. Whether it has ever been written in Japanese I do not know; but the extraordinary belief which it records used certainly to exist in most parts of Japan, and in many curious forms... The incident of "Riki-Baka" was a personal experience; and I wrote it down almost exactly as it happened, changing only a family-name mentioned by the Japanese narrator.
L. H. TŌKYŌ, JAPAN, January 20th, 1904.
KWAIDAN THE STORY OF MIMI-NASHI-HŌÏCHI More than seven hundred years ago, at Dan-no-ura, in the Straits of Shimonoséki, was fought the last battle of the long contest between the Heiké, or Taira clan, and the Genji, or Minamoto clan. There the Heiké perished utterly, with their women and children, and their infant emperor likewise—now remembered as Antoku Tennō. And that sea and shore have been haunted for seven hundred years... Elsewhere I told you about the strange crabs found there, called Heiké crabs, which have human faces on their backs, and are said to be the spirits of the Heiké warriors[1].
But there are many strange things to be seen and heard along that coast. On dark nights thousands of ghostly fires hover about the beach, or flit above the waves,—pale lights which the fishermen call Oni-bi, or demon-fires; and, whenever the winds are up, a sound of great shouting comes from that sea, like a clamor of battle


code. "No source for the buggy port driver? Aaargh! I hate proprietary operating systems. Time to RTFB."
Of the various RTF? forms, 'RTFB' is the least pejorative against anyone asking a question for which RTFB is the answer; the anger here is directed at the absence of both source and adequate documentation.
Node:RTFM, Next:RTFS, Previous:RTFB, Up:= R = RTFM /R-T-F-M/ imp.
[Unix] Abbreviation for 'Read The Fucking Manual'. 1. Used by gurus to brush off questions they consider trivial or annoying. Compare Don't do that then!. 2. Used when reporting a problem to indicate that you aren't just asking out of randomness. "No, I can't figure out how to interface Unix to my toaster, and yes, I have RTFM." Unlike sense 1, this use is considered polite. See also FM, RTFAQ, RTFB, RTFS, STFW, RTM, all of which mutated from RTFM, and compare UTSL.
Node:RTFS, Next:RTI, Previous:RTFM, Up:= R = RTFS /R-T-F-S/ [Unix] 1. imp. Abbreviation for 'Read The Fucking Source'.
Variant form of RTFM, used when the problem at hand is not necessarily obvious and not answerable from the manuals -- or the manuals are not yet written and maybe never will be. For even trickier situations, see RTFB. Unlike RTFM, the anger inherent in RTFS is not usually directed at the person asking the question, but rather at the people who failed to provide adequate documentation. 2. imp. 'Read The Fucking Standard'; this oath can only be used when the problem area (e.g., a language or operating system interface) has actually been codified in a ratified standards document. The existence of these standards documents (and the technically inappropriate but politically mandated compromises that they inevitably contain, and the impenetrable legalese in which they are invariably written, and the unbelievably tedious bureaucratic process by which they are produced) can be unnerving to hackers, who are used to a certain amount of ambiguity in the specifications of the systems they use. (Hackers feel that such ambiguities are acceptable as long as the Right Thing to do is obvious to any thinking observer; sadly, this casual attitude towards specifications becomes unworkable when a system becomes popular in the Real World.) Since a hacker is likely to feel that a standards document is both unnecessary and technically deficient, the deprecation inherent in this term may be directed as much against the standard as against the person who ought to read it.
Node:RTI, Next:RTM, Previous:RTFS, Up:= R = RTI /R-T-I/ interj.
The mnemonic for the 'return from interrupt' instruction on many computers including the 6502 and 6800. The variant 'RETI' is found among former Z80 hackers (almost nobody programs these things in assembler anymore). Equivalent to "Now, where was I?"
or used to end a conversational digression. See pop; see also POPJ.
Node:RTM, Next:RTS, Previous:RTI, Up:= R = RTM /R-T-M/ [Usenet: abbreviation for 'Read The Manual'] 1. Politer variant of RTFM. 2. Robert Tappan Morris, perpetrator of the great Internet worm of 1988 (see Great Worm); villain to many, naive hacker gone wrong to a few. Morris claimed that the worm that brought the Internet to its knees was a benign experiment that got out of control as the result of a coding error. After the storm of negative publicity that followed this blunder, Morris's username on ITS was hacked from RTM to RTFM.
Node:RTS, Next:rude, Previous:RTM, Up:= R = RTS /R-T-S/ imp.
Abbreviation for 'Read The Screen'. Mainly used by hackers in the microcomputer world. Refers to what one would like to tell the suit one is forced to explain an extremely simple application to. Particularly appropriate when the suit failed to notice the 'Press any key to continue' prompt, and wishes to know 'why won't it do anything'. Also seen as 'RTFS' in especially deserving cases.
Node:rude, Next:runes, Previous:RTS, Up:= R = rude [WPI] adj.
1. (of a program) Badly written. 2. Functionally poor, e.g., a program that is very difficult to use because of gratuitously poor (random?) design decisions. Oppose cuspy. 3. Anything that manipulates a shared resource without regard for its other users in such a way as to cause a (non-fatal) problem. Examples: programs that change tty modes without resetting them on exit, or windowing programs that keep forcing themselves to the top of the window stack. Compare all-elbows.
Node:runes, Next:runic, Previous:rude, Up:= R = runes pl.n.
1. Anything that requires heavy wizardry or black art to parse: core dumps, JCL commands, APL, or code in a language you haven't a clue how to read. Not quite as bad as line noise, but close. Compare casting the runes, Great Runes. 2. Special display characters (for example, the high-half graphics on an IBM PC). 3. [borderline techspeak] 16-bit characters from the Unicode multilingual character set.
Node:runic, Next:rusty iron, Previous:runes, Up:= R = runic adj.
Syn. obscure. VMS fans sometimes refer to Unix as 'Runix'; Unix fans return the compliment by expanding VMS to 'Very Messy Syntax' or 'Vachement Mauvais Système' (French idiom, "Hugely Bad System").
Node:rusty iron, Next:rusty memory, Previous:runic, Up:= R = rusty iron n. Syn. tired iron. It has been claimed that this is the inevitable fate of water MIPS.
Node:rusty memory, Next:rusty wire, Previous:rusty iron, Up:= R = rusty memory n. Mass-storage that uses iron-oxide-based magnetic media (esp.
tape and the pre-Winchester removable disk packs used in washing machines). Compare donuts.
Node:rusty wire, Next:S/N ratio, Previous:rusty memory, Up:= R = rusty wire n.
[Amateur Packet Radio] Any very noisy network medium, in which the packets are subject to frequent corruption. Most prevalent in reference to wireless links subject to all the vagaries of RF noise and marginal propagation conditions. "Yes, but how good is your whizbang new protocol on really rusty wire?".
Node:= S =, Next:= T =, Previous:= R =, Up:The Jargon Lexicon = S = S/N ratio: sacred: saga: sagan: SAIL: salescritter: salt: salt mines: salt substrate: same-day service: samizdat: samurai: sandbender: sandbox: sanity check: Saturday-night special: say: scag: scanno: scary devil monastery: schroedinbug: science-fiction fandom: scram switch: scratch: scratch monkey: scream and die: screaming tty: screen: screen name: screw: screwage: scribble: script kiddies: scrog: scrool: scrozzle: scruffies: SCSI: ScumOS: search-and-destroy mode: second-system effect: secondary damage: security through obscurity: SED: segfault: seggie: segment: segmentation fault: segv: self-reference: selvage: semi: semi-automated: semi-infinite: senior bit: September that never ended: server: SEX: sex changer: shambolic link: shar file: sharchive: Share and enjoy!: shareware: sharing violation: shebang: shelfware: shell: shell out: shift left (or right) logical: shim: shitogram: short card: shotgun debugging: shovelware: showstopper: