the latter case he is more definitely called a half brother, or brother of the half blood.

 Two of us in the churchyard lie, My sister and my brother.
Wordsworth.
2. One related or closely united to another by some common tie or interest, as of rank, profession, membership in a society, toil, suffering, etc.; -- used among judges, clergymen, monks, physicians, lawyers, professors of religion, etc. "A brother of your order." Shak.
 We few, we happy few, we band of brothers, For he to-day that sheds his blood with me Shall be my brother. Shak.
3. One who, or that which, resembles another in distinctive qualities or traits of character.

 He also that is slothful in his work is brother to him that is a great waster. Prov. xviii. 9.
 That April morn Of this the very brother. Wordsworth.
 In Scripture, the term brother is applied to a kinsman by blood more remote than a son of the same parents, as in the case of Abraham and Lot, Jacob and Laban. In a more general sense, brother or brethren is used for fellow-man or fellow-men.

 For of whom such massacre Make they but of their brethren, men of men? Milton.
Brother Jonathan, a humorous designation for the people of the United States collectively. The phrase is said to have originated from Washington's referring to the patriotic Jonathan Trumbull, governor of Connecticut, as "Brother Jonathan." -- Blood brother. See under Blood.

 Broth"er (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brothered (&?;).]
 To make a brother of; to call or treat as a brother; to admit to a brotherhood. Sir W. Scott.
 Broth"er ger"man (&?;). (Law) A brother by both the father's and mother's side, in contradistinction to a uterine brother, one by the mother only. Bouvier.
 Broth"er*hood (&?;), n. [Brother + -hood.] 1.
 The state of being brothers or a brother.

2. An association for any purpose, as a society of monks; a fraternity.

3. The whole body of persons engaged in the same business, -- especially those of the same profession; as, the legal or medical brotherhood.

4. Persons, and, poetically, things, of a like kind.

 A brotherhood of venerable trees. Wordsworth.
Syn. -- Fraternity; association; fellowship; sodality.

 Broth"er-in-law' (&?;), n.; pl. Brothers-in-law (&?;).
 The brother of one's husband or wife; also, the husband of one's sister; sometimes, the husband of one's wife's sister.

 Broth"er*li*ness (&?;), n. The state or quality of being brotherly.

 Broth"er*ly (&?;), a. Of or pertaining to brothers; such as is natural for brothers; becoming to brothers; kind; affectionate; as, brotherly love.

Syn. -- Fraternal; kind; affectionate; tender.

 Broth"er*ly, adv. Like a brother; affectionately; kindly. "I speak but brotherly of him." Shak.
 Broud"ed (&?;), p.a. Braided; broidered. [Obs.]

 Alle his clothes brouded up and down. Chaucer.
 Brough"am (&?;), n. A light, close carriage, with seats inside for two or four, and the fore wheels so arranged as to turn short.

 Brow (&?;), n. [OE. browe, bruwe, AS. br&?;; akin to AS. br&?;w, breáw, eyelid, OFries. br, D. braauw, Icel. br, br&?;n, OHG. prwa, G. braue, OSlav. br&?;v&?;, Russ. brove, Ir. brai, Ir. & Gael. abhra, Armor. abrant, Gr. &?;, Skr. bhr&?;.
 Cf. Bray a bank, Bridge.] 1. The prominent ridge over the eye, with the hair that covers it, forming an arch above the orbit.

 And his arched brow, pulled o'er his eyes, With solemn proof proclaims him wise. Churchill.
2. The hair that covers the brow (ridge over the eyes); the eyebrow.

 'T is not your inky brows, your brack silk hair. Shak.
3. The forehead; as, a feverish brow.

 Beads of sweat have stood upon thy brow. Shak.
4. The general air of the countenance.

 To whom thus Satan with contemptuous brow. Milton.
 He told them with a masterly brow. Milton.
5. The edge or projecting upper part of a steep place; as, the brow of a precipice; the brow of a hill.

To bend the brow, To knit the brows, to frown; to scowl.

 Brow, v. t. To bound to limit; to be at, or form, the edge of. [R.]

 Tending my flocks hard by i' the hilly crofts That brow this bottom glade. Milton.
 Brow"beat' (&?;), v. t. [imp. Browbeat; p. p. Browbeaten (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Browbeating.] To depress or bear down with haughty, stern looks, or with arrogant speech and dogmatic assertions; to abash or disconcert by impudent or abusive words or looks; to bully; as, to browbeat witnesses.

 My grandfather was not a man to be browbeaten. W. Irving.
 Brow"beat'ing, n. The act of bearing down, abashing, or disconcerting, with stern looks, supercilious manners, or confident assertions.

 The imperious browbeatings and scorn of great men. L'Estrange.
 Brow"bound' (-bound'), a. Crowned; having the head encircled as with a diadem. Shak.
 Browd"yng (broud"ng/), n. Embroidery. [Obs.]

 Of goldsmithrye, of browdyng, and of steel. Chaucer.
 Browed (&?;), a. Having (such) a brow; - - used in composition; as, dark-browed, sternbrowed.

 Brow"less (&?;), a. Without shame. L. Addison.
 Brown (&?;), a. [Compar. Browner (&?;); superl.
 Brownest.] [OE. brun, broun, AS. br&?;n; akin to D. bruin, OHG. br&?;n, Icel. br&?;nn, Sw. brun, Dan. bruun, G. braun, Lith. brunas, Skr. babhru.
 √93, 253. Cf. Bruin, Beaver, Burnish, Brunette.] Of a dark color, of various shades between black and red or yellow.

 Cheeks brown as the oak leaves. Longfellow.
Brown Bess, the old regulation flintlock smoothbore musket, with bronzed barrel, formerly used in the British army. -- Brown bread (a) Dark colored bread; esp. a kind made of unbolted wheat flour, sometimes called in the United States Graham bread. "He would mouth with a beggar though she smelt brown bread and garlic." Shak.
(b) Dark colored bread made of rye meal and Indian meal, or of wheat and rye or Indian; rye and Indian bread. [U.S.] -- Brown coal, wood coal. See Lignite. -- Brown hematite or Brown iron ore (Min.), the hydrous iron oxide, limonite, which has a brown streak.
 See Limonite. -- Brown holland. See under Holland. -- Brown paper, dark colored paper, esp. coarse wrapping paper, made of unbleached materials. -- Brown spar (Min


MUSIC AND OTHER POEMS By Henry van Dyke To my son Tertius this book is dedicated Transcribed from the book published October, 1904 by Charles Scribner's Sons.

CONTENTS ODES MUSIC I. PRELUDE V. SLEEP SONG VI. HUNTING SONG VII. DANCE-MUSIC VIII. THE SYMPHONY IX. IRIS X. SEA AND SHORE PEACE I. IN EXCELSIS II. DE PROFUNDIS VICTOR HUGO _PHONE_ GOD OF THE OPEN AIR I II III IV V VI SONNETS WORK LIFE LOVE THE CHILD IN THE GARDEN LOVE'S REASON PORTRAIT AND REALITY THE WIND OF SORROW PATRIA LEGENDS A LEGEND OF SERVICE THE VAIN KING LYRICS A MILE WITH ME SPRING IN THE SOUTH LOVE'S NEARNESS TWO SCHOOLS A PRAYER FOR A MOTHER'S BIRTHDAY INDIAN SUMMER ONE WORLD HIDE AND SEEK DULCIS MEMORIA AUTUMN IN THE GARDEN THE MESSAGE LIGHT BETWEEN THE TREES RELIANCE GREETINGS AND INSCRIPTIONS KATRINA'S SUN-DIAL TO JAMES WHITCOMB RILEY A HEALTH TO MARK TWAIN A RONDEAU OF COLLEGE RHYMES THE MOCKING-BIRD THE EMPTY QUATRAIN INSCRIPTIONS FOR A FRIEND'S HOUSE THE STATUE OF SHERMAN BY ST. GAUDENS THE SUN-DIAL AT WELLS COLLEGE ODES MUSIC I. PRELUDE V. SLEEP SONG VI. HUNTING SONG VII. DANCE-MUSIC VIII. THE SYMPHONY IX. IRIS X. SEA AND SHORE PEACE I. IN EXCELSIS II. DE PROFUNDIS VICTOR HUGO _PHONE_ GOD OF THE OPEN AIR I II III IV V VI SONNETS WORK LIFE LOVE THE CHILD IN THE GARDEN LOVE'S REASON PORTRAIT AND REALITY THE WIND OF SORROW PATRIA LEGENDS A LEGEND OF SERVICE THE VAIN KING LYRICS A MILE WITH ME SPRING IN THE SOUTH LOVE'S NEARNESS TWO SCHOOLS A PRAYER FOR A MOTHER'S BIRTHDAY INDIAN SUMMER ONE WORLD HIDE AND SEEK DULCIS MEMORIA AUTUMN IN THE GARDEN THE MESSAGE LIGHT BETWEEN THE TREES RELIANCE GREETINGS AND INSCRIPTIONS KATRINA'S SUN-DIAL TO JAMES WHITCOMB RILEY A HEALTH TO MARK TWAIN A RONDEAU OF COLLEGE RHYMES THE MOCKING-BIRD THE EMPTY QUATRAIN INSCRIPTIONS FOR A FRIEND'S HOUSE THE STATUE OF SHERMAN BY ST. GAUDENS THE SUN-DIAL AT WELLS COLLEGE


. cubeba), fr. Ar. kab&?;bat.]
 The small, spicy berry of a species of pepper (Piper Cubeba; in med., Cubeba officinalis), native in Java and Borneo, but now cultivated in various tropical countries. The dried unripe fruit is much used in medicine as a stimulant and purgative.

 Cu*beb"ic (k?-b?b"?k), a. Pertaining to, or derived from, cubebs; as, cubebic acid (a soft olive-green resin extracted from cubebs).

 Cub"hood (k?b"h??d), n. The state of being a cub. [Jocose] "From cubhood to old age." W. B. Dawkins.
 { Cu"bic (k?"b?k), Cu"bic*al (-b?- kal), } a. [L. cubicus, Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;: cf. F. cubique. See Cube.]
 1. Having the form or properties of a cube; contained, or capable of being contained, in a cube.

2. (Crystallog.) Isometric or monometric; as, cubic cleavage. See Crystallization.

Cubic equation, an equation in which the highest power of the unknown quantity is a cube. -- Cubic foot, a volume equivalent to a cubical solid which measures a foot in each of its dimensions. -- Cubic number, a number produced by multiplying a number into itself, and that product again by the same number. See Cube. -- Cubical parabola (Geom.), two curves of the third degree, one plane, and one on space of three dimensions.

 Cu"bic, n. (Geom.) A curve of the third degree.

Circular cubic. See under Circular.

 Cu"bic*al*ly, adv. In a cubical method.

 Cu"bic*al*ness, n. The quality of being cubical.

 Cu"bi*cle (k?"b?-k'l), n. [L. cubiculum.] A loding room; esp., a sleeping place partitioned off from a large dormitory.

 Cu*bic"u*lar (k?-??k"?-l?r), a. [L. cubicularis, fr. cubiculum a sleeping room, fr. cubare to lie down.] Belonging to a chamber or bedroom. [Obs.] Howell.
 Cu"bi*form (k?"b?-f?rm), a. Of the form of a cube.

 ||Cu*bi"le (k?-b?"l?), n. [L., bed.] The lowest course of stones in a building.

 Cu"bi*lose' (k?"b?-l?s'), n. [L. cubile bed, nest.] A mucilagenous secretion of certain birds found as the characteristic ingredient of edible bird's-nests.

 Cu"bit (k"bt), n. [L. cubitum, cubitus; elbow, ell, cubit, fr. (because the elbow serves for leaning upon) cubare to lie down, recline; cf. Gr. ky'biton elbow, ky'ptein to bend, stoop, kyfo's bent, stooping, humpbacked. Cf. Incumbent, Covey.] 1. (Anat.)
 The forearm; the ulna, a bone of the arm extending from elbow to wrist.
 [Obs.]

2. A measure of length, being the distance from the elbow to the extremity of the middle finger.

 The cubit varies in length in different countries, the Roman cubit being 17,47 inches, the Greek 18,20, the Hebrew somewhat longer, and the English 18 inches.

 Cu"bit*al (k?"b?t-a]/>l), a. [L. cubitalis.] 1. Of or pertaining to the cubit or ulna; as, the cubital nerve; the cubital artery; the cubital muscle.

2. Of the length of a cubit. Sir. T. Browne.
 Cu"bit*al, n. A sleeve covering the arm from the elbow to the hand.
 Crabb.
 Cu"bit*ed, a. Having the measure of a cubit.

 Cub"less (k?b"l?s), a. Having no cubs. Byron.
 Cu"boid (k?"boid), a. [Cube + -oid: cf. Gr. &?;&?;&?;.]
 (Anat.) Cubeshaped, or nearly so; as, the cuboid bone of the foot. -- n. (Anat.) The bone of the tarsus, which, in man and most mammals, supports the metatarsals of the fourth and fifth toes.

 Cu*boid"al (k?-boid"al), a. (Anat.) Cuboid.

 Cu'bo-oc'ta*he"dral (k?'b?-?k't?-h?dral), a. Presenting a combination of a cube and an octahedron.

 Cu'bo-oc'ta*he"dron (-dr?n), n. (Crystallog.) A combination of a cube and octahedron, esp. one in which the octahedral faces meet at the middle of the cubic edges.

 ||Cu"ca (k??"k?), n. [Sp., fr. native name.] See Coca.

 Cuck"ing stool' (k&?;k"&?;ng st&?;&?;l'). [Cf. AS. scealfingstl, a word of similar meaning, allied to scealfor a diver, mergus avis; or possibly from F. coquine a hussy, slut, jade, f. of coquin, OE. cokin, a rascal; or cf. Icel. k&?;ka to dung, k&?;kr dung, the name being given as to a disgracing or infamous punishment.] A kind of chair formerly used for punishing scolds, and also dishonest tradesmen, by fastening them in it, usually in front of their doors, to be pelted and hooted at by the mob, but sometimes to be taken to the water and ducked; -- called also a castigatory, a tumbrel, and a trebuchet; and often, but not so correctly, a ducking stool.
 Sir. W. Scott.
 Cuck"old (k?k"?ld), n. [OE. kukeweld, cokewold, cokold, fr. OF. coucoul, cucuault, the last syllable being modified by the OE. suffix -wold (see Herald); cf. F. cocu a cuckold, formerly also, a cuckoo, and L. cuculus a cuckoo. The word alludes to the habit of the female cuckoo, who lays her eggs in the nests of other birds, to be hatched by them.] 1. A man whose wife is unfaithful; the husband of an adulteress. Shak.
2. (Zoöl.) (a) A West Indian plectognath fish (Ostracion triqueter). (b) The cowfish.

 Cuck"old, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cuckolded; p. pr. & vb. n. Cuckolding.] To make a cuckold of, as a husband, by seducing his wife, or by her becoming an adulteress. Shak.
 Cuck"old*ize (-?z), v. t. To cuckold. Dryden.
 Cuck"old*ly, a. Having the qualities of a cuckold; mean-spirited; sneaking. Shak.
 Cuck"ol*dom (-?l-d?m), n. The state of a cuckold; cuckolds, collectively. Addison.
 Cuck"old*ry (-?ld-r?), n. The state of being a cuckold; the practice of making cuckolds.

 Cuck"old's knot' (k?k"?ldz n?t'). (Naut.) A hitch or knot, by which a rope is secured to a spar, the two parts of the rope being crossed and


to silver a glass mirror plate with an amalgam of tin and mercury.

2. To polish like silver; to impart a brightness to, like that of silver.

 And smiling calmness silvered o'er the deep.

Pope.
3. To make hoary, or white, like silver.

 His head was silvered o'er with age.

Gay.
 Sil"ver, v. i. To acquire a silvery color. [R.]

 The eastern sky began to silver and shine.

L. Wallace.
 Sil"ver*back' (?), n. (Zoöl.) The knot.

 Sil"ver*ber'ry (?), n. (Bot.) A tree or shrub (Elæagnus argentea) with silvery foliage and fruit. Gray.
 Sil"ver*bill' (?), n. (Zoöl.) An Old World finch of the genus Minia, as the M. Malabarica of India, and M. cantans of Africa.

 Sil"ver*boom' (?), n. [D. zilver silver + boom tree.]
 (Bot.) See Leucadendron.

 Sil"ver*fin' (?), n. (Zoöl.) A small North American fresh-water cyprinoid fish (Notropis Whipplei).

 Sil"ver*fish' (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The tarpum. (b) A white variety of the goldfish.

 Sil"ver-gray' (?), a. Having a gray color with a silvery luster; as, silver-gray hair.

 Sil"ver*i*ness (?), n. The state of being silvery.

 Sil"ver*ing, n. (Metal.) The art or process of covering metals, wood, paper, glass, etc., with a thin film of metallic silver, or a substance resembling silver; also, the firm do laid on; as, the silvering of a glass speculum.

 Sil"ver*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Silverized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Silverizing.] To cover with silver.

 Sil"ver*less, a. Having no silcver; hence, without money; impecunious. Piers Plowman.
 Sil"ver*ling, n. A small silver coin. [Obs.]

 A thousand vines at a thousand silverings.

Isa. vii. 23.
 Sil"ver*ly, adv. Like silver in appearance or in sound.

 Let me wipe off this honorable dew, That silverly doth progress on thy cheeks.

Shak.
 Sil"vern (?), a. [AS. seolfern, sylfren.] Made of silver. [Archaic.] Wyclif (Acts xix. 24).
 Speech is silvern; silence is golden.

Old Proverb.
 Sil"ver*sides' (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of small fishes of the family Atherinidæ, having a silvery stripe along each side of the body. The common species of the American coast (Menidia notata) is very abundant. Called also silverside, sand smelt, friar, tailor, and tinker.

Brook silversides (Zoöl.), a small fresh-water North American fish (Labadesthes sicculus) related to the marine silversides.

 Sil"ver*smith' (?), n. One whose occupation is to manufacture utensils, ornaments, etc., of silver; a worker in silver.

 Sil"ver*spot' (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of butterflies of the genus Argynnis and allied genera, having silvery spots on the under side of the wings. See Illust.
 under Aphrodite.

 Sil"ver*ware' (?), n. Dishes, vases, ornaments, and utensils of various sorts, made of silver.

 Sil"ver*weed' (?), n. (Bot.) A perennial rosaceous herb (Potentilla Anserina) having the leaves silvery white beneath.

 Sil"ver*y (?), a. 1. Resembling, or having the luster of, silver; grayish white and lustrous; of a mild luster; bright.

 All the enameled race, whose silvery wing Waves to the tepid zephyrs of the spring.

Pope.
2. Besprinkled or covered with silver.

3. Having the clear, musical tone of silver; soft and clear in sound; as, silvery voices; a silvery laugh.

Silvery iron (Metal.), a peculiar light-gray fine-grained cast iron, usually obtained from clay iron ore.

 Sil"vi*cul'ture (?), n. [Cf. F. silviculture.] See Sylviculture.

 Si"ma (?), n. (Arch.) A cyma.

 Sim"a*gre (?), n. [F. simagrée.] A grimace. [Obs.] Dryden.
 Si*mar" (?), n. [F. simarre. See Chimere.] A woman's long dress or robe; also light covering; a scarf. [Written also cimar, cymar, samare, simare.]

 ||Si'marre" (?). [F.] See Simar. Sir W. Scott.
 Sim"blot (?), n. [F. simbleau.] The harness of a drawloom.

 ||Sim"i*a (?), n. [L., an ape; cf. simus flatnosed, snub-nosed, Gr. &?;&?;&?;.] (Zoöl.) A Linnæan genus of Quadrumana which included the types of numerous modern genera. By modern writers it is usually restricted to the genus which includes the orangoutang.

 Sim"i*al (?), a. (Zoöl.) Simian; apelike.

 Sim"i*an (?), a. [L. simia an ape.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the family Simiadæ, which, in its widest sense, includes all the Old World apes and monkeys; also, apelike. -- n. Any Old World monkey or ape.

 Sim"i*lar (?), a. [F. similaire, fr. L. similis like, similar. See Same, a., and cf. Simulate.] 1. Exactly corresponding; resembling in all respects; precisely like.

2. Nearly corresponding; resembling in many respects; somewhat like; having a general likeness.

3. Homogenous; uniform. [R.] Boyle.
Similar figures (Geom.), figures which differ from each other only in magnitude, being made up of the same number of like parts similarly situated. -- Similar rectilineal figures, such as have their several angles respectively equal, each to each, and their sides about the equal angles proportional. -- Similar solids, such as are contained by the same number of similar planes, similarly situated, and having like inclination to one another.

 Sim"i*lar, n. That which is similar to, or resembles, something else, as in quality, form, etc.

 Sim'i*lar"i*ty (?), n.; pl. -ties (#). [Cf. F. similarité.]
 The quality or state of being similar; likeness; resemblance; as, a similarity of features.

 Hardly is there a similarity detected between two or three facts, than men hasten to extend it to all.

Sir W. Hamilton.
 Sim"i*lar*ly (?), adv. In a similar manner.

 Sim"i*lar*y (?), a. Similar. [Obs.]

 Rhyming cadences of similarly words.

South.
 Sim"i*la*tive (?), a. Implying or indicating likeness or resemblance. [R.]

 In similative or instrumental relation to a pa. pple. [past participle], as almond-leaved, -scented, etc.

New English Dict.
 Sim"i*le (?), n.; pl. Similes (#). [L., from similis.
 See Similar.] (Rhet.) A word or phrase by which anything is likened, in one or more of its aspects, to something else; a similitude; a poetical


al and derivative vowels are often dropt after long accented vowels: cp. ganga (to go) with fā (to get), the dat. plurals knjām (knees) with hūsum (houses).
30. Vowels are often lengthened before l + cons.: hālfr (half adj.), fōlk (people); cp. fōlginn (hidden) with brostinn (burst ptc.).
Consonants 31. v is dropped before o and u: vaxa (to grow), prt. ōx, vinna (to win), unninn (won ptc.), svelta (to starve), soltinn (starved, hungry).
Final r is often assimilated to a preceding cons.
32. *-lr, *-nr, *-sr always become -ll, -nn, -ss after a long vowel or diphthong, as in stōll (chair nom.), acc. stōl, steinn (stone nom.), acc. stein, vīss (wise masc. nom. sg.), vīs fem. nom. sg., and in unacc. syllables, as in the masc. sg. nominatives mikill (great), fem. mikil, borinn (carried), fem.
borin, ȳmiss (various) fem. ȳmis.
33. Words in which l, n, r, s are preceded by a cons. drop the r entirely, as in the masc. nominatives jarl (earl), hrafn (raven), vitr (wise), þurs (giant), lax (salmon).
34. If l and n are preceded by a short accented vowel, the r is generally kept, as in stelr (steals), vinr, (friend), sr becoming ss, as elsewhere.
35. r is kept after ll, and generally after nn, as in the masc. nom. allr (all), and in bręnnr (burns).
36. z often stands for ðs as well as ts, as in þēr þykkizk (ye seem) = *þykkið-sk, Vest-firzkr (belonging to the West Firths) = -*firðskr (fǫrðr, firth).
37. Inflectional t is generally doubled after a long accented vowel: fār (few) neut. fātt (cp. allr 'all,' neut.
allt), sā (I saw), sātt 'thou sawest.'
Inflections Nouns 38. Gender. There are three genders in Icelandic--masculine, feminine, and neuter. The gender is partly natural, partly grammatical, generally agreeing with the gender in Old English.
Compound words follow the gender of their last element.
39. Strong and Weak. All weak nouns end in a vowel in the nom.
sg. and in most of the other cases as well. Most strong nouns end in a cons. in the nom. sg.
40. Cases. There are four cases--nominative, accusative, dative, genitive. All nouns (except a few contractions) have the gen. pl. in -a (fiska, of fishes), and the dat. pl. in -um (fiskum). All strong masculines (fiskr) and some strong feminines (brūðr, bride) take r5 in the nom. sg. Most strong feminines show the bare root in the nom.
sg. with u-mutation, if possible (āst, favour, fǫr, journey). The nom. pl. of all strong masc. and fem. nouns ends in r (fiskar, āstir). The acc. pl. of fem. nouns is the same as the nom. pl. (āstir). The acc. pl. of masc. strong nouns always ends in a vowel (fiska). The plur. nom. and acc. of neuters is the same as the sing. nom. and acc., except that in the plur.
nom. and acc. they take u-mutation, if possible (hūs, houses, lǫnd, lands).
[Footnote 5: Subject, of course, to the assimilations described above.]
41. The declensions are most conveniently distinguished by the acc. plur.
Strong Masculines (1) a-plurals Singular Plural Nom.
fisk-r (fish) fisk-ar Acc.
fisk fisk-a Dat.
fisk-i fisk-um Gen.
fisk-s fisk-a 42. So also heimr (home, world); konungr (king); Þōrr (Thor), acc. Þōr, gen. Þōrs; steinn (stone), acc.
stein, gen. steins, pl. nom. steinar; hrafn (raven), acc. hrafn, pl. nom. hrafnar; þurs (giant), acc. gen. þurs, pl. nom. þursar.
43. Dissyllables in -r, -l, -n generally throw out the preceding vowel before a vowel-inflection: hamarr (hammer), dat. hamri; jǫtunn (giant), pl. nom. jǫtnar.
kętill (kettle) and lykill (key) show unmutated vowels in the contracted forms, as in the acc. plur. katla, lukla.
44. Some nouns of this decl. take -ar in the gen. sing., especially proper names, such as Hākon, gen. Hākonar.
45. Some nouns add v before vowels: sær (sea), gen.
sævar.
46. The dat. sometimes drops the i: sæ (sea), Þōr.
dagr (day) mutates its vowel in the dat. dęgi.
47. Nouns in -ir keep the i in the sing., and drop it in the plur.: Singular Plural Nom.
hęlli-r (cave) hęll-ar Acc.
hęlli hęll-a Dat.
hęlli hęll-um Gen.
hęlli-s hęll-a 48. So also a number of proper names, such as Skrȳmir, Þōrir.
(2) i-plurals Singular Plural Nom.
stað-r (place) stað-ir Acc.
stað stað-i Dat.
stað stǫð-um Gen.
stað-ar stað-a 49. So also gripr (precious thing), salr (hall).
50. gęstr (guest) takes -i in the dat. sg., and -s in the gen. sg.
51. Those ending in g or k (together with some others) insert j before a and u: bękkr (bench), bękk, bękk, bękkjar; bękkir, bękki, bękkjum, bękkja. So also męrgr (marrow), stręngr (string).
(3) u-plurals Singular Plural Nom.
skjǫld-r (shield) skild-ir Acc.
skjǫld skjǫld-u Dat.
skild-i skjǫld-um Gen.
skjald-ar skjald-a 52. So also vǫndr (twig), vǫllr (plain), viðr (wood). āss (god) has plur. nom. æsir, acc. āsu.
sonr (son) has dat. sg. syni, plur. nom. synir.
It regularly drops its r of the nom. in such compounds as Tryggva-son (son of Tryggvi).
(4) r-plurals Singular Plural Nom.
fōt-r (foot) fœt-r Acc.
fōt fœt-r Dat.
fœt-i fōt-um Gen.
fōt-ar fōt-a


on him with cumulative effect. As a figure in literature the Kid has come to lead the whole field of western bad men.
 The Saturday Review, for October 11, 1952, features a philosophical essay entitled "Billy the Kid: Faust in America—The Making of a Legend." The growth of this legend is minutely traced through a period of seventy-one years (_PHONE_) by J. C. Dykes in Billy the Kid: The Bibliography of a Legend, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, 1952 (186 pages). It lists 437 titles, including magazine pieces, mimeographed plays, motion pictures, verses, pamphlets, fiction. In a blend of casualness and scholarship, it gives the substance and character of each item. Indeed, this bibliography reads like a continued story, with constant references to both antecedent and subsequent action. Pat Garrett, John Chisum, and other related characters weave all through it. A first-class bibliography that is also readable is almost a new genre.

 Pat F. Garrett, sheriff of Lincoln County, New Mexico, killed the Kid about midnight, July 14, 1881. The next spring his Authentic Life of Billy the Kid was published at Santa Fe, at least partly written, according to good evidence, by a newspaperman named Ash Upton. This biography is one of the rarities in Western Americana. In 1927 it was republished by Macmillan, New York, under title of Pat F. Garrett's Authentic Life of Billy the Kid, edited by Maurice G. Fulton. This is now OP but remains basic. The most widely circulated biography has been The Saga of Billy the Kid by Walter Noble Burns, New York, 1926. It contains a deal of fictional conversation and it has no doubt contributed to the Robin-Hoodizing of the lethal character baptized as William H. Bonney, who was born in New York in 1859 and now lives with undiminished vigor as Billy the Kid. Walter Noble Burns was not so successful with The Robin Hood of El Dorado: The Saga of Joaquin Murrieta (1932), or, despite hogsheads of blood, with Tombstone (1927).

 CANTON, FRANK M. Frontier Trails, Boston, 1930.

 COE, GEORGE W. Frontier Fighter, Boston, 1934; reprinted by University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. The autobiography of one of Billy the Kid's men as recorded by Nan Hillary Harrison.

 COOLIDGE, DANE. Fighting Men of the West, New York, 1932.
 Biographical sketches. OP.

 CUNNINGHAM, EUGENE. Triggernometry, 1934; reprinted by Caxton, Caldwell, Idaho. Excellent survey of codes and characters. Written by a man of intelligence and knowledge. Bibliography.

 FORREST, E. R. Arizona's Dark and Bloody Ground, Caxton, Caldwell, Idaho, 1936.

 GARD, WAYNE. Sam Bass, Boston, 1936. Most of the whole truth. OP.

 HALEY, J. EVETTS. Jeff Milton—A Good Man with a Gun, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, 1949. Jeff Milton the whole man as well as the queller of bad men.

 HENDRICKS, GEORGE. The Bad Man of the West, Naylor, San Antonio, 1941. Analyses and classifications go far toward making this treatment of old subjects original. Excellent bibliographical guide.

 HOUGH, EMERSON. The Story of the Outlaw, 1907. OP. An omnibus carelessly put together with many holes in it.

 LAKE, STUART. Wyatt Earp, Boston, 1931. Best written of all gunmen biographies. Earp happened to be on the side of the law.

 LANKFORD, N. P. Vigilante Days and Ways, 1890, 1912. OP. Full treatment of lawlessness in the Northwest.

 LOVE, ROBERTUS. The Rise and Fall of Jesse James, New York, 1926.
 Excellently written. OP.

 RAINE, WILLIAM MCLEOD. Famous s and Western Outlaws, Doubleday, Garden City, N. Y., 1929. A rogues' gallery. Guns of the Frontier, Boston, 1940. Another miscellany. OP.

 RASCOE, BURTON. Belle Starr, New York, 1941. OP.

 RIPLEY, THOMAS. They Died with Their Boots On, 1935. Mostly about John Wesley Hardin. OP.

 SABIN, EDWIN L. Wild Men of the Wild West, New York, 1929.
 Biographic survey of killers from the Mississippi to the Pacific. OP.

 WILD BILL HICKOK. The subject of various biographies, among them those by Frank J. Wilstach (1926) and William E. Connelley (1933). The Nebraska History Magazine (Volume X) for April-June 1927 is devoted to Wild Bill and contains a "descriptive bibliography" on him by Addison E. Sheldon.

 WOODHULL, FROST. Folk-Lore Shooting, in Southwestern Lore, Publication IX of the Texas Folklore Society, 1931. Rich. Humor.

 25. Mining and Oil DURING the twentieth century oil has brought so much money to the Southwest that the proceeds from cattle have come to look like tips. This statement is not based on statistics, though statistics no doubt exist—even on the cost of catching sun perch. Geological, legal, and economic writings on oil are mountainous in quantity, but the human drama of oil yet remains, for the most part, to be written. It is odd to find such a modern book as Erna Fergusson's Our Southwest not mentioning oil.
 It is odd that no book of national reputation comes off the presses about any aspect of oil. The nearest to national notice on oil is the daily report of transactions on the New York Stock Exchange. Oil companies subsidize histories of themselves, endow universities with money to train technicians they want, control state legislatures and senates, and dictate to Congress what they want for themselves in income tax laws; but so far they have not been able to hire anybody to write a book about oil that anybody but the hirers themselves wants to read. Probably they don't read them. The first thing an oilman does after amassing a few millions is buy a ranch on which he can get away from oil—and on which he can spend some of his oil money.

 People live a good deal by tradition and fight a good deal by tradition also, voting more by prejudice. When one considers the stream of cow country books and the romance of mining living on in legends of lost mines and, then, the desert of oil books, one realizes that it takes something more than money to make the mare of romance run. Geology and economics are beyond the aim of this Guide, but if oil money keeps on buying up ranch land, the history of modern ranching will be resolved into the biographies of a comparatively few oilmen.

 BOATRIGHT, MODY C. Gib Morgan: Minstrel of the Oil Fields. Texas Folklore Society, Austin, 1945. Folk tales about Gib rather than minstrelsy. OP.

 BOONE, LALIA PHIPPS. The Petroleum Dictionary, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, 1952. "More than 6,000 entries: definitions of technical terms and everyday expressions, a comprehensive guide to the language of the oil industry."

 CAUGHEY, JOHN WALTON. Gold Is the Cornerstone (1948). Adequate treatment of the discovery of California gold and of the miners. Rushing for Gold (1949). Twelve essays by twelve writers, with emphasis on travel to California. Both books published by University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles.

 CENDRARS, BLAISE. Sutter's Gold, London, 1926. OP.

 CLARK, JAMES A., and HALBOUTY, MICHEL T. Spindletop, Random House, New York, 1952. On January 10, 1901, the Spindletop gusher, near Beaumont, Texas, roared in the oil age. This book, while it presumes to record what Pat Higgins was thinking as he sat in front of a country store, seems to be "the true story." The


THE SCHOOL FOR SCANDAL A COMEDY A PORTRAIT1 BY R. B. SHERIDAN, ESQ.

 TRANSCRIBER'S COMMENTS ON THE PREPARATION OF THIS E-TEXT: SQUARE BRACKETS: The square brackets, i.e. [ ] are copied from the printed book, without change, except that a closing bracket "]" has been added to the stage directions.

 FOOTNOTES: For this E-Text version of the book, the footnotes have been consolidated at the end of the play.

 Numbering of the footnotes has been changed, and each footnote is given a unique identity in the form [X].

 CHANGES TO THE TEXT: Character names have been expanded. For Example, SIR BENJAMIN was SIR BEN.

CONTENTS THE TEXT OF THE SCHOOL FOR SCANDAL THE SCHOOL FOR SCANDAL PROLOGUE WRITTEN BY MR. GARRICK ACT I SCENE I.—LADY SNEERWELL'S House SCENE II.—SIR PETER'S House ACT II SCENE I.—SIR PETER and LADY TEAZLE SCENE II.—At LADY SNEERWELL'S SCENE III.—At SIR PETER'S ACT III SCENE I.—At SIR PETER'S SCENE II.—At CHARLES's House SCENE III.—CHARLES, CARELESS, etc., etc.

 ACT IV SCENE I.—A Picture Room in CHARLES SURFACE'S House SCENE II.—The Parlour SCENE III.—A Library ACT V SCENE I.—The Library SCENE II.—At SIR PETER'S House SCENE THE LAST.—The Library FOOTNOTES: THE TEXT OF THE SCHOOL FOR SCANDAL The text of THE SCHOOL FOR SCANDAL in this edition is taken, by Mr. Fraser Rae's generous permission, from his SHERIDAN'S PLAYS NOW PRINTED AS HE WROTE THEM. In his Prefatory Notes (xxxvii), Mr. Rae writes: "The manuscript of it [THE SCHOOL FOR SCANDAL] in Sheridan's own handwriting is preserved at Frampton Court and is now printed in this volume. This version differs in many respects from that which is generally known, and I think it is even better than that which has hitherto been read and acted.
 As I have endeavoured to reproduce the works of Sheridan as he wrote them, I may be told that he was a bad hand at punctuating and very bad at spelling.... But Sheridan's shortcomings as a speller have been exaggerated." Lest "Sheridan's shortcomings" either in spelling or in punctuation should obscure the text, I have, in this edition, inserted in brackets some explanatory suggestions. It has seemed best, also, to adopt a uniform method for indicating stage-directions and abbreviations of the names of characters. There can be no gain to the reader in reproducing, for example, Sheridan's different indications for the part of Lady Sneerwell—LADY SNEERWELL, LADY SNEER., LADY SN., and LADY S.—or his varying use of EXIT and EX., or his inconsistencies in the use of italics in the stage-directions. Since, however, Sheridan's biographers, from Moore to Fraser Rae, have shown that no authorised or correct edition of THE SCHOOL FOR SCANDAL was published in Sheridan's lifetime, there seems unusual justification for reproducing the text of the play itself with absolute fidelity to the original manuscript. Mr. Ridgway, who repeatedly sought to obtain a copy corrected by the author, according to Moore's account (LIFE OF SHERIDAN, I. p. 260), "was told by Mr. Sheridan, as an excuse for keeping it back, that he had been nineteen years endeavouring to satisfy himself with the style of The School for Scandal, but had not yet succeeded." Mr. Rae (SHERIDAN, I. p. 332) recorded his discovery of the manuscript of "two acts of The School for Scandal prepared by Sheridan for publication," and hoped, before his death, to publish this partial revision. Numberless unauthorized changes in the play have been made for histrionic purposes, from the first undated Dublin edition to that of Mr. Augustin Daly. Current texts may usually be traced, directly or indirectly, to the two-volume Murray edition of Sheridan's plays, in 1821. Some of the changes from the original manuscript, such as the blending of the parts of Miss Verjuice and Snake, are doubtless effective for reasons of dramatic economy, but many of the "cuts" are to be regretted from the reader's standpoint. The student of English drama will prefer Sheridan's own text to editorial emendations, however clever or effective for dramatic ends.

 THE SCHOOL FOR SCANDAL ADDRESSED TO MRS. CREWE, WITH THE COMEDY OF THE SCHOOL FOR SCANDAL PROLOGUE WRITTEN BY MR. GARRICK ACT I SCENE I.—LADY SNEERWELL'S House LADY SNEERWELL at her dressing table with LAPPET; MISS VERJUICE drinking chocolate LADY SNEERWELL. The Paragraphs you say were all inserted: VERJUICE. They were Madam—and as I copied them myself in a feigned Hand there can be no suspicion whence they came.

 LADY SNEERWELL. Did you circulate the Report of Lady Brittle's Intrigue with Captain Boastall?

 VERJUICE. Madam by this Time Lady Brittle is the Talk of half the Town—and I doubt not in a week the Men will toast her as a Demirep.

 LADY SNEERWELL. What have you done as to the insinuation as to a certain Baronet's Lady and a certain Cook.

 VERJUICE. That is in as fine a Train as your Ladyship could wish. I told the story yesterday to my own maid with directions to communicate it directly to my Hairdresser. He I am informed has a Brother who courts a Milliners' Prentice in Pallmall whose mistress has a first cousin whose sister is Feme [Femme] de Chambre to Mrs. Clackit—so that in the common course of Things it must reach Mrs. Clackit's Ears within four-and-twenty hours and then you know the Business is as good as done.

 LADY SNEERWELL. Why truly Mrs. Clackit has a very pretty Talent—a great deal of industry—yet—yes—been tolerably successful in her way—To my knowledge she has been the cause of breaking off six matches[,] of three sons being disinherited and four Daughters being turned out of Doors. Of three several Elopements, as many close confinements—nine separate maintenances and two Divorces.—nay I have more than once traced her causing a Tete-a-Tete in the Town and Country Magazine—when the Parties perhaps had never seen each other's Faces before in the course of their Lives.

 VERJUICE. She certainly has Talents.

 LADY SNEERWELL. But her manner is gross.

 VERJUICE. 'Tis very true. She generally designs well[,] has a free tongue and a bold invention—but her colouring is too dark and her outline often


, p. pr. of facere to make.] Febrific. Dunglison.
 -- n. That which causes fever. Beddoes.
 Fe*brif"er*ous (?), a. [L. febris fever + -ferous.]
 Causing fever; as, a febriferous locality.

 Fe*brif"ic (?), a. [L. febris fever + ficare (in comp.) to make. See fy-.] Producing fever. Dunglison.
 Fe*brif"u*gal (? or?), a. [See Febrifuge.] Having the quality of mitigating or curing fever. Boyle.
 Feb"ri*fuge (?), n. [L. febris fever + fugare to put to flight, from fugere to flee: cf. F. fébrifuge. see Febrile, Feverfew.] (Med.) A medicine serving to mitigate or remove fever. -- a. Antifebrile.

 Fe"brile (?; 277), a. [F. fébrile, from L. febris fever. See Fever.] Pertaining to fever; indicating fever, or derived from it; as, febrile symptoms; febrile action. Dunglison.
 Feb"ru*a*ry (?), n. [L. Februarius, orig., the month of expiation, because on the fifteenth of this month the great feast of expiation and purification was held, fr. februa, pl., the Roman festival or purification; akin to februare to purify, expiate.] The second month in the year, said to have been introduced into the Roman calendar by Numa. In common years this month contains twenty-eight days; in the bissextile, or leap year, it has twenty-nine days.

 Feb'ru*a"tion (?), n. [L. februatio. See february.]
 Purification; a sacrifice. [Obs.] Spenser.
 Fe"cal (f"kal), a. [Cf. F. fécal. See Feces.]
 relating to, or containing, dregs, feces, or ordure; fæcal.

 Fec"che (?), v. t. To fetch. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Fe"ces (?), n. pl. dregs; sediment; excrement. See FÆces.

 Fe"cial (?), a. [L. fetialis belonging to the fetiales, the Roman priests who sanctioned treaties and demanded satisfaction from the enemy before a formal declaration of war.] Pertaining to heralds, declarations of war, and treaties of peace; as, fecial law. Kent.
 Fe"ci*fork' (?), n. [Feces + fork.] (Zoöl.)
 The anal fork on which the larvæ of certain insects carry their fæces.

 Feck"less (?), a. [Perh. a corruption of effectless.]
 Spiritless; weak; worthless. [Scot] feck"less*ness n. absence of merit. [WordNet 1.5] Fecks (?), n. A corruption of the word faith. Shak.
 Fec"u*la (?), n.; pl. FeculÆ [L. faecula burnt tartar or salt of tartar, dim. of faex, faecis, sediment, dregs: cf. F. fécule.] Any pulverulent matter obtained from plants by simply breaking down the texture, washing with water, and subsidence. Especially: (a) The nutritious part of wheat; starch or farina; -- called also amylaceous fecula. (b) The green matter of plants; chlorophyll.

 Fec"u*lence (?), n. [L. faeculentia dregs, filth: cf. F. féculence.]
 1. The state or quality of being feculent; muddiness; foulness.

2. That which is feculent; sediment; lees; dregs.

 Fec"u*len*cy (?), n. Feculence.

 Fec"u*lent (?), a. [L. faeculentus, fr. faecula: cf.
 F. féculent. See Fecula.] Foul with extraneous or impure substances; abounding with sediment or excrementitious matter; muddy; thick; turbid.

 Both his hands most filthy feculent.

Spenser.
 Fec"und (?), a. [L. fecundus, from the root of fetus: cf. F. fécond. see Fetus.] Fruitful in children; prolific.
 Graunt.
 Fec"un*date (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fecundated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fecundating (?).] [L. fecundare, fr. fecundus.
 See Fecund.] 1. To make fruitful or prolific. W. Montagu.
2. (Biol.) To render fruitful or prolific; to impregnate; as, in flowers the pollen fecundates the ovum through the stigma.

 Fec'un*da"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. fécondation.] (Biol.)
 The act by which, either in animals or plants, material prepared by the generative organs the female organism is brought in contact with matter from the organs of the male, so that a new organism results; impregnation; fertilization.

 Fe*cun"di*fy (?), v. t. [Fecund + -fy.] To make fruitful; to fecundate. Johnson.
 Fe*cun"di*ty (?), n. [L. fecunditas: cf. F. fécondité.
 See Fecund.] 1. The quality or power of producing fruit; fruitfulness; especially (Biol.), the quality in female organisms of reproducing rapidly and in great numbers.

2. The power of germinating; as in seeds.

3. The power of bringing forth in abundance; fertility; richness of invention; as, the fecundity of God's creative power. Bentley.
 Fed (?), imp. & p. p. of Feed.

 Fed"a*ry (?), n. A feodary. [Obs.] Shak.
 Fed"er*al (?), a. [L. foedus league, treaty, compact; akin to fides faith: cf. F. fédéral. see Faith.] 1.
 Pertaining to a league or treaty; derived from an agreement or covenant between parties, especially between nations; constituted by a compact between parties, usually governments or their representatives.

 The Romans compelled them, contrary to all federal right,...
 to part with Sardinia.

Grew.
2. Specifically: (a) Composed of states or districts which retain only a subordinate and limited sovereignty, as the Union of the United States, or the Sonderbund of Switzerland. (b) Consisting or pertaining to such a government; as, the Federal Constitution; a Federal officer. (c) Friendly or devoted to such a government; as, the Federal party. see Federalist.

Federal Congress. See under Congress.

 Fed"er*al, n. See Federalist.

 Fed"er*al*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. fédéralisme.]
 The principles of Federalists or of federal union.

 Fed"er*al*ist, n. [Cf. F. fédéraliste.] An advocate of confederation; specifically (Amer. Hist.), a friend of the Constitution of the United States at its formation and adoption; a member of the political party which favored the administration of president Washington.

 Fed"er*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Federalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Federalizing (?).] [Cf. F. fédéraliser.]
 To unite in compact, as different States; to confederate for political purposes; to unite by or under the Federal Constitution. Barlow.
 Fed"


utius explicare tentavi, veridicus speculator Oggerus celerrimo visu contuitus dixit ad Desiderium: Ecce, habes quem tantopere perquisisti. Et haec dicens, pene exanimis cecidit.—"Monach.
 Sangal." de Reb. Bel. Caroli Magni. lib. ii. para xxvi. Is this not evidently taken from poetical effusions?"

 PARAPHRASE.

 INSCRIPTION ON THE STATUE OF LORD WM. BENTINCK. AT CALCUTTA. (1835.)

 EPITAPH ON SIR BENJAMIN HEATH MALKIN. AT CALCUTTA. (1837.)

 EPITAPH ON LORD METCALFE. (1847.)


) A small coil which revolves on a common pin and makes a wheel of yellow or colored fire.

 Pin (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pinning.] [See Pin, n.] To fasten with, or as with, a pin; to join; as, to pin a garment; to pin boards together.
 "As if she would pin her to her heart." Shak.
To pin one's faith upon, to depend upon; to trust to.

 Pi"ña cloth' (?). A fine material for ladies' shawls, scarfs, handkerchiefs, etc., made from the fiber of the pineapple leaf, and perhaps from other fibrous tropical leaves. It is delicate, soft, and transparent, with a slight tinge of pale yellow.

 Pin"a*coid (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a tablet + -oid.]
 (Crystallog.) A plane parallel to two of the crystalline axes.

 Pi*nac"o*lin (?), n. [Pinacone + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)
 A colorless oily liquid related to the ketones, and obtained by the decomposition of pinacone; hence, by extension, any one of the series of which pinacolin proper is the type. [Written also pinacoline.]

 Pin"a*cone (?), n. [From Gr. &?;, &?;, a tablet. So called because it unites with water so as to form tabletshaped crystals.] (Chem.)
 A white crystalline substance related to the glycols, and made from acetone; hence, by extension, any one of a series of substances of which pinacone proper is the type. [Written also pinakone.]

 ||Pin'a*co*the"ca (?), n. [L. pinacotheca, fr. Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, a picture + &?; repisitory.] A picture gallery.

 Pin"a*fore' (?), n. [Pin + afore.] An apron for a child to protect the front part of dress; a tier.

 ||Pin"a*ko*thek' (?), n. [G.] Pinacotheca.

 Pi*nas"ter (?), n. [L., fr. pinus a pine.] (Bot.) A species of pine (Pinus Pinaster) growing in Southern Europe.

 ||Pi"nax (?), n.; pl. Pinaces (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?; tablet.] A tablet; a register; hence, a list or scheme inscribed on a tablet. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
 ||Pince'-nez" (?), n. [F. pincer to pinch + nez nose.] Eyeglasses kept on the nose by a spring.

 Pin"cers (?), n. pl. [Cf. F. pince pinchers, fr. pincer to pinch. See Pinch, Pinchers.] See Pinchers.

 Pinch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinched (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Pinching.] [F. pincer, probably fr. OD. pitsen to pinch; akin to G. pfetzen to cut, pinch; perhaps of Celtic origin. Cf. Piece.] 1. To press hard or squeeze between the ends of the fingers, between teeth or claws, or between the jaws of an instrument; to squeeze or compress, as between any two hard bodies.

2. o seize; to grip; to bite; -- said of animals. [Obs.]

 He [the hound] pinched and pulled her down.

Chapman.
3. To plait. [Obs.]

 Full seemly her wimple ipinched was.

Chaucer.
4. Figuratively: To cramp; to straiten; to oppress; to starve; to distress; as, to be pinched for money.

 Want of room... pinching a whole nation.

Sir W. Raleigh.
5. To move, as a railroad car, by prying the wheels with a pinch.
 See Pinch, n., 4.

 Pinch, v. i. 1. To act with pressing force; to compress; to squeeze; as, the shoe pinches.

2. (Hunt.) To take hold; to grip, as a dog does. [Obs.]

3. To spare; to be niggardly; to be covetous. Gower.
 The wretch whom avarice bids to pinch and spare.

Franklin.
To pinch at, to find fault with; to take exception to. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Pinch, n. 1. A close compression, as with the ends of the fingers, or with an instrument; a nip.

2. As much as may be taken between the finger and thumb; any very small quantity; as, a pinch of snuff.

3. Pian; pang. "Necessary's sharp pinch." Shak.
4. A lever having a projection at one end, acting as a fulcrum, -- used chiefly to roll heavy wheels, etc. Called also pinch bar.

At a pinch, On a pinch, in an emergency; as, he could on a pinch read a little Latin.

 Pinch"beck (?), n. [Said to be from the name of the inventor; cf.
 It. prencisbecco.] An alloy of copper and zinc, resembling gold; a yellow metal, composed of about three ounces of zinc to a pound of copper.
 It is much used as an imitation of gold in the manufacture of cheap jewelry.

 Pinch"beck, a. Made of pinchbeck; sham; cheap; spurious; unreal. "A pinchbeck throne." J. A. Symonds.
 Pinch"cock' (?), n. A clamp on a flexible pipe to regulate the flow of a fluid through the pipe.

 Pin"chem (?), n. (Zoöl.) The European blue titmouse.
 [Prov. Eng.]

 Pinch"er (?), n. One who, or that which, pinches.

 Pinch"ers (?), n. pl. [From Pinch.] An instrument having two handles and two grasping jaws working on a pivot; -- used for griping things to be held fast, drawing nails, etc.

 This spelling is preferable to pincers, both on account of its derivation from the English pinch, and because it represents the common pronunciation.

 Pinch"fist' (?), n. A closefisted person; a miser.

 Pinch"ing, a. Compressing; nipping; griping; niggardly; as, pinching cold; a pinching parsimony.

Pinching bar, a pinch bar. See Pinch, n., 4. -- Pinching nut, a check nut. See under Check, n. Pinch"ing*ly, adv. In a pinching way.

 Pinch"pen'ny (?), n. A miserly person.

 Pin"coff*in (?), n. [From Pincoff, an English manufacturer.]
 A commercial preparation of garancin, yielding fine violet tints.

 Pinc"pinc' (?), n. [Named from its note.] (Zoöl.) An African wren warbler. (Drymoica textrix).

 Pin"cush'ion (?), n. A small cushion, in which pins may be stuck for use.

 { Pin"dal (?), Pin"dar (?), } n. [D. piendel.] (Bot.)
 The peanut (Arachis hypogæa); -- so called in the West Indies.

 Pin*dar"ic (?), a. [L. Pindaricus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; (L. Pindarus) Pindar: cf. F. pindarique.] Of or pertaining to Pindar, the Greek lyric poet; after the style and manner of Pindar; as, Pindaric odes. -- n. A Pindaric ode.

 Pin*dar"ic*al (?), a


all accounts.

4. A statement of facts or occurrences; recital of transactions; a relation or narrative; a report; a description; as, an account of a battle. "A laudable account of the city of London." Howell.
5. A statement and explanation or vindication of one's conduct with reference to judgment thereon.

 Give an account of thy stewardship. Luke xvi. 2.
6. An estimate or estimation; valuation; judgment. "To stand high in your account." Shak.
7. Importance; worth; value; advantage; profit. "Men of account."
 Pope. "To turn to account." Shak.
Account current, a running or continued account between two or more parties, or a statement of the particulars of such an account. -- In account with, in a relation requiring an account to be kept. -- On account of, for the sake of; by reason of; because of. -- On one's own account, for one's own interest or behalf. -- To make account, to have an opinion or expectation; to reckon. [Obs.]

 This other part... makes account to find no slender arguments for this assertion out of those very scriptures which are commonly urged against it. Milton.
 -- To make account of, to hold in estimation; to esteem; as, he makes small account of beauty. -- To take account of, or to take into account, to take into consideration; to notice. "Of their doings, God takes no account." Milton. -- A writ of account (Law), a writ which the plaintiff brings demanding that the defendant shall render his just account, or show good cause to the contrary; -- called also an action of account. Cowell.
Syn. -- Narrative; narration; relation; recital; description; explanation; rehearsal. -- Account, Narrative, Narration, Recital. These words are applied to different modes of rehearsing a series of events. Account turns attention not so much to the speaker as to the fact related, and more properly applies to the report of some single event, or a group of incidents taken as whole; as, an account of a battle, of a shipwreck, etc. A narrative is a continuous story of connected incidents, such as one friend might tell to another; as, a narrative of the events of a siege, a narrative of one's life, etc. Narration is usually the same as narrative, but is sometimes used to describe the mode of relating events; as, his powers of narration are uncommonly great. Recital denotes a series of events drawn out into minute particulars, usually expressing something which peculiarly interests the feelings of the speaker; as, the recital of one's wrongs, disappointments, sufferings, etc.

 Ac*count" (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accounted; p. pr. & vb. n. Accounting.] [OE. acounten, accompten, OF. aconter, à (L. ad) + conter to count. F. conter to tell, compter to count, L. computare.
 See Count, v. t.]

1. To reckon; to compute; to count. [Obs.]

 The motion of... the sun whereby years are accounted. Sir T. Browne.
2. To place to one's account; to put to the credit of; to assign; -- with to. [R.] Clarendon.
3. To value, estimate, or hold in opinion; to judge or consider; to deem.

Accounting that God was able to raise him up. Heb. xi.
 19.
4. To recount; to relate. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Ac*count", v. i. 1. To render or receive an account or relation of particulars; as, an officer must account with or to the treasurer for money received.

2. To render an account; to answer in judgment; -- with for; as, we must account for the use of our opportunities.

3. To give a satisfactory reason; to tell the cause of; to explain; -- with for; as, idleness accounts for poverty.

To account of, to esteem; to prize; to value. Now used only in the passive. "I account of her beauty." Shak.
 Newer was preaching more accounted of than in the sixteenth century. Canon Robinson.
 Ac*count'a*bil"i*ty (&?;), n. The state of being accountable; liability to be called on to render an account; accountableness. "The awful idea of accountability." R. Hall.
 Ac*count"a*ble (&?;), a. 1. Liable to be called on to render an account; answerable; as, every man is accountable to God for his conduct.

2. Capable of being accounted for; explicable. [R.]

 True religion... intelligible, rational, and accountable, -- not a burden but a privilege. B. Whichcote.
Syn. -- Amenable; responsible; liable; answerable.

 Ac*count"a*ble ness, n. The quality or state of being accountable; accountability.

 Ac*count"a*bly, adv. In an accountable manner.

 Ac*count"an*cy (&?;), n. The art or employment of an accountant.

 Ac*count"ant (&?;), n. [Cf. F. accomptant, OF. acontant, p. pr.] 1. One who renders account; one accountable.

2. A reckoner.

3. One who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts; an officer in a public office, who has charge of the accounts.

Accountatn general, the head or superintending accountant in certain public offices. Also, formerly, an officer in the English court of chancery who received the moneys paid into the court, and deposited them in the Bank of England.

 Ac*count"ant, a. Accountable. [Obs.] Shak.
 Ac*count"ant*ship (&?;), n. [Accountant + -ship.]
 The office or employment of an accountant.

 Ac*count" book' (&?;). A book in which accounts are kept. Swift.
 Ac*cou"ple (&?;), v. t. [OF. acopler, F. accoupler.
 See Couple.] To join; to couple. [R.]

 The Englishmen accoupled themselves with the Frenchmen. Hall.
 Ac*cou"ple*ment (-kp"'l*ment), n. [Cf. F. accouplement.]
 1. The act of coupling, or the state of being coupled; union. [R.]
 Caxton.
2. That which couples, as a tie or brace. [R.]

 Ac*cour"age (&?;), v. t. [OF. acoragier; à (L. ad) + corage. See Courage.] To encourage. [Obs.]

 Ac*court" (-krt"), v. t. [Ac-, for L. ad. See Court.] To treat courteously; to court. [Obs.] Spenser.
 { Ac*cou"ter, Ac*cou"tre } (k*k"tr), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accoutered or Accoutred (-trd); p. pr. & vb. n. Accoutering or Accoutring.] [F. accouter, OF. accoutrer, accoustrer; à (L. ad) + perh. LL. custor, for custos guardian, sacristan (cf. Custody), or perh. akin to E. guilt.] To furnish with dress, or equipments, esp. those for military service; to equip; to attire; to array.

 Both accoutered like young men. Shak.
 For this, in rags accoutered are they seen. Dryden.
Accoutered with his burden and his staff. Wordsworth.
 { Ac*cou"ter*ments, Ac*cou"tre*ments } (&?;), n. pl. [F. accoutrement,


Taylor.
 Bow"-legged' (&?;), a. Having crooked legs, esp. with the knees bent outward. Johnson.
 Bowl"er (&?;), n. One who plays at bowls, or who rolls the ball in cricket or any other game.

 Bow"less, a. Destitute of a bow.

 Bow"line (&?;), n. [Cf. D. boelijn, Icel. böglïna&?;, Dan. bovline; properly the line attached to the shoulder or side of the sail. See Bow (of a ship), and Line.] (Naut.) A rope fastened near the middle of the leech or perpendicular edge of the square sails, by subordinate ropes, called bridles, and used to keep the weather edge of the sail tight forward, when the ship is closehauled.

Bowline bridles, the ropes by which the bowline is fastened to the leech of the sail. -- Bowline knot. See Illust. under Knot.
 -- On a bowline, close-hauled or sailing close to the wind; -- said of a ship.

 Bowl"ing (&?;), n. The act of playing at or rolling bowls, or of rolling the ball at cricket; the game of bowls or of tenpins.

Bowling alley, a covered place for playing at bowls or tenpins. -- Bowling green, a level piece of greensward or smooth ground for bowling, as the small park in lower Broadway, New York, where the Dutch of New Amsterdam played this game.

 Bowls (blz), n. pl. See Bowl, a ball, a game.

 Bow"man (&?;), n.; pl. Bowmen (&?;). A man who uses a bow; an archer.

 The whole city shall flee for the noise of the horsemen and bowmen.
Jer. iv. 29.
Bowman's root. (Bot.) See Indian physic, under Indian.

 Bow"man (&?;), n. (Naut.) The man who rows the foremost oar in a boat; the bow oar.

 Bowne (&?;), v. t. [See Boun.] To make ready; to prepare; to dress. [Obs.]

 We will all bowne ourselves for the banquet. Sir W. Scott.
 Bow" net' (&?;). 1. A trap for lobsters, being a wickerwork cylinder with a funnel-shaped entrance at one end.

2. A net for catching birds. J. H. Walsh.
 Bow" oar' (&?;). 1. The oar used by the bowman.

2. One who rows at the bow of a boat.

 Bow"-pen' (&?;), n. Bow-compasses carrying a drawing pen. See Bow-compass.

 Bow"-pen'cil (&?;), n. Bow-compasses, one leg of which carries a pencil.

 Bow"-saw' (&?;), n. A saw with a thin or narrow blade set in a strong frame.

 Bowse (&?;), v. i. [See Booze, and Bouse.]

1. To carouse; to bouse; to booze. De Quincey.
2. (Naut.) To pull or haul; as, to bowse upon a tack; to bowse away, i. e., to pull all together.

 Bowse, n. A carouse; a drinking bout; a booze.

 Bow"shot' (&?;), n. The distance traversed by an arrow shot from a bow.

 Bow"sprit' (&?;), n. [Bow + sprit; akin to D. boegspriet; boeg bow of a ship + spriet, E. sprit, also Sw. bogspröt, G. bugspriet.] (Naut.) A large boom or spar, which projects over the stem of a ship or other vessel, to carry sail forward.

 Bows"sen (&?;), v. t. To drench; to soak; especially, to immerse (in water believed to have curative properties). [Obs.]

 There were many bowssening places, for curing of mad men..
 .. If there appeared small amendment he was bowssened again and again. Carew.
 Bow"string' (&?;), n. 1. The string of a bow.

2. A string used by the Turks for strangling offenders.

Bowstring bridge, a bridge formed of an arch of timber or iron, often braced, the thrust of which is resisted by a tie forming a chord of the arch. -- Bowstring girder, an arched beam strengthened by a tie connecting its two ends. -- Bowstring hemp (Bot.), the tenacious fiber of the Sanseviera Zeylanica, growing in India and Africa, from which bowstrings are made. Balfour.
 Bow"string' (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bowstringed (&?;) or Bowstrung (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Bowstringing.] To strangle with a bowstring.

 Bow"stringed' (&?;), p.a. 1. Furnished with bowstring.

2. Put to death with a bowstring; strangled.

 Bow"tel (&?;), n. See Boultel.

 Bow"wow' (&?;), n. An onomatopoetic name for a dog or its bark.
 -- a. Onomatopoetic; as, the bowwow theory of language; a bowwow word. [Jocose.]

 Bow"yer (&?;), n. [From Bow, like lawyer from law.]

1. An archer; one who uses bow.

2. One who makes or sells bows.

 Box (bks), n. [As. box, L. buxus, fr. Gr. &?;.
 See Box a case.] (Bot.) A tree or shrub, flourishing in different parts of the world. The common box (Buxus sempervirens) has two varieties, one of which, the dwarf box (B. suffruticosa), is much used for borders in gardens. The wood of the tree varieties, being very hard and smooth, is extensively used in the arts, as by turners, engravers, mathematical instrument makers, etc.

Box elder, the ash-leaved maple (Negundo aceroides), of North America. -- Box holly, the butcher's broom (Russus aculeatus). -- Box thorn, a shrub (Lycium barbarum). -- Box tree, the tree variety of the common box.

 Box, n.; pl. Boxes (&?;) [As. box a small case or vessel with a cover; akin to OHG. buhsa box, G. büchse; fr. L. buxus boxwood, anything made of boxwood. See Pyx, and cf.
 Box a tree, Bushel.] 1. A receptacle or case of any firm material and of various shapes.

2. The quantity that a box contain.

3. A space with a few seats partitioned off in a theater, or other place of public amusement.

 Laughed at by the pit, box, galleries, nay, stage. Dorset.
 The boxes and the pit are sovereign judges. Dryden.
4. A chest or any receptacle for the deposit of money; as, a poor box; a contribution box.

 Yet since his neighbors give, the churl unlocks, Damning the poor, his tripple-bolted box. J. Warton.
5. A small country house. "A shooting box." Wilson.
 Tight boxes neatly sashed. Cowper.
6. A boxlike shed for shelter; as, a sentry box.

7. (Mach) (a) An axle box, journal box, journal bearing, or bushing. (b) A chamber or section of tube in which a valve works; the bucket of a lifting pump.

8. The driver's seat on a carriage or coach.

9. A present in a box; a present; esp. a Christmas box or gift. "A Christmas


0-201-11371-63 (this book also has green and red siblings). 3.
Any of the 1988 standards issued by the CCITT's ninth plenary assembly. These include, among other things, the X.400 email spec and the Group 1 through 4 fax standards. See also book titles.
Node:blue box, Next:Blue Glue, Previous:Blue Book, Up:= B = blue box n. 1. obs. Once upon a time, before all-digital switches made it possible for the phone companies to move them out of band, one could actually hear the switching tones used to route long-distance calls. Early phreakers built devices called 'blue boxes' that could reproduce these tones, which could be used to commandeer portions of the phone network. (This was not as hard as it may sound; one early phreak acquired the sobriquet 'Captain Crunch' after he proved that he could generate switching tones with a plastic whistle pulled out of a box of Captain Crunch cereal!) There were other colors of box with more specialized phreaking uses; red boxes, black boxes, silver boxes, etc. 2. n. An IBM machine, especially a large (non-PC) one.
Node:Blue Glue, Next:blue goo, Previous:blue box, Up:= B = Blue Glue n.
[IBM] IBM's SNA (Systems Network Architecture), an incredibly losing and bletcherous communications protocol widely favored at commercial shops that don't know any better. The official IBM definition is "that which binds blue boxes together." See fear and loathing. It may not be irrelevant that Blue Glue is the trade name of a 3M product that is commonly used to hold down the carpet squares to the removable panel floors common in dinosaur pens. A correspondent at U. Minn. reports that the CS department there has about 80 bottles of the stuff hanging about, so they often refer to any messy work to be done as 'using the blue glue'.
Node:blue goo, Next:Blue Screen of Death, Previous:Blue Glue, Up:= B = blue goo n. Term for 'police' nanobots intended to prevent gray goo, denature hazardous waste, destroy pollution, put ozone back into the stratosphere, prevent halitosis, and promote truth, justice, and the American way, etc. The term 'Blue Goo' can be found in Dr. Seuss's "Fox In Socks" to refer to a substance much like bubblegum. 'Would you like to chew blue goo, sir?'. See nanotechnology.
Node:Blue Screen of Death, Next:blue wire, Previous:blue goo, Up:= B = Blue Screen of Death n.
[common] This term is closely related to the older Black Screen of Death but much more common (many non-hackers have picked it up). Due to the extreme fragility and bugginess of Microsoft Windows misbehaving applications can readily crash the OS (and the OS sometimes crashes itself spontaneously). The Blue Screen of Death, sometimes decorated with hex error codes, is what you get when this happens. (Commonly abbreviated BSOD.)
The following entry from the Salon Haiku Contest, seems to have predated popular use of the term: Node:blue wire, Next:blurgle, Previous:Blue Screen of Death, Up:= B = blue wire n.
[IBM] Patch wires (esp. 30 AWG gauge) added to circuit boards at the factory to correct design or fabrication problems. Blue wire is not necessarily blue, the term describes function rather than color. These may be necessary if there hasn't been time to design and qualify another board version. In Great Britain this can be 'bodge wire', after mainstreanm slang 'bodge' for a clumsy improvisation or sloppy job of work. Compare purple wire, red wire, yellow wire, pink wire.
Node:blurgle, Next:BNF, Previous:blue wire, Up:= B = blurgle /bler'gl/ n.
[UK] Spoken metasyntactic variable, to indicate some text that is obvious from context, or which is already known. If several words are to be replaced, blurgle may well be doubled or tripled. "To look for something in several files use 'grep string blurgle blurgle'." In each case, "blurgle blurgle" would be understood to be replaced by the file you wished to search. Compare mumble, sense 7.
Node:BNF, Next:boa, Previous:blurgle, Up:= B = BNF /B-N-F/ n.
1. [techspeak] Acronym for 'Backus Normal Form' (later retronymed to 'Backus-Naur Form' because BNF was not in fact a normal form), a metasyntactic notation used to specify the syntax of programming languages, command sets, and the like. Widely used for language descriptions but seldom documented anywhere, so that it must usually be learned by osmosis from other hackers.
Consider this BNF for a U.S. postal address: This translates into English as: "A postal-address consists of a name-part, followed by a street-address part, followed by a zip-code part. A personal-part consists of either a first name or an initial followed by a dot. A name-part consists of either: a personal-part followed by a last name followed by an optional 'jr-part' (Jr., Sr., or dynastic number) and end-of-line, or a personal part followed by a name part (this rule illustrates the use of recursion in BNFs, covering the case of people who use multiple first and middle names and/or initials). A street address consists of an optional apartment specifier, followed by a street number, followed by a street name. A zip-part consists of a town-name, followed by a comma, followed by a state code, followed by a ZIP-code followed by an end-of-line." Note that many things (such as the format of a personal-part, apartment specifier, or ZIP-code) are left unspecified. These are presumed to be obvious from context or detailed somewhere nearby. See also parse. 2. Any of a number of variants and extensions of BNF proper, possibly containing some or all of the regexp wildcards such as * or +. In fact the example above isn't the pure form invented for the Algol-60 report; it uses [], which was introduced a few years later in IBM's PL/I definition but is now universally recognized. 3. In science-fiction fandom, a 'Big-Name Fan' (someone famous or notorious). Years ago a fan started handing out black-on-green BNF buttons at SF conventions; this confused the hacker contingent terribly.
Node:boa, Next:board, Previous:BNF, Up:= B = boa [IBM] n. Any one of the fat cables that lurk under the floor in a dinosaur pen. Possibly so called because they display a ferocious life of their own when you try to lay them straight and flat after they have been coiled for some time. It is rumored within IBM that channel cables for the 370 are limited to 200 feet because beyond that length the boas get dangerous -- and it is worth noting that one of the major cable makers uses the trademark 'Anaconda'.
Node:board, Next:boat anchor, Previous:boa, Up:= B = board n.
1. In-context synonym for bboard; sometimes used even for Usenet newsgroups (but see usage note under bboard, sense 1). 2. An electronic circuit board.
Node:boat anchor, Next:bob, Previous:board, Up:= B = boat anchor n.
[common; from ham radio] 1. Like doorstop but more severe; implies that the offending hardware is irreversibly dead or useless. "That was a working motherboard once. One lightning strike later, instant boat anchor!" 2. A person who just takes up space. 3. Obsolete but still working hardware, especially when used of an old S100-bus hobbyist system; originally a term of annoyance, but became more and more affectionate as the hardware became more and more obsolete.
Node:bob, Next:bodysurf code, Previous:boat anchor, Up:= B = bob n. At Demon Internet, all tech support personnel are called "Bob". (Female support personnel have an option on "Bobette"). This has nothing to do with Bob the


. Anglo-Egyptian Navigation Co. v. Rennie, L.R. 10 C.P. 271.

 334/2 Ellen v. Topp, 6 Exch. 424.

 335 (return) 335/1 Contracts (2d Ed.), Section 106, and passim.

 336 (return) 336/1 Chanter v. Hopkins, 4 M. & W. 399, 404. Possibly Behn v. Burness, stated above, might have been dealt with in this way. The ship tendered was not a ship which had been in the port of Amsterdam at the date of the contract. It was therefore not such a ship as the contract called for.

 336/2 Heyworth v. Hutchinson, L.R. 2 Q.B.447, criticised in Benj. Sales (2d ed.), pp. 742 et seq.

 336/3 See Thomas v. Cadwallader, Willes, 496; Langd. Contr. (2d ed.), Sections 116, 140. This is put as a case of equivalence by Mr. Langdell (Contr., Section 116); but the above explanation is believed to be the true one. It will be noticed that this is hardly a true case of condition, but merely a limitation of the scope of the tenant's promise. So a covenant to serve as apprentice in a trade, which the other party covenants to teach, can only be performed if the other will teach, and must therefore be limited to that event. Cf. Ellen v. Topp, 6 Exch. 424.

 337 (return) 337/1 Langdell, Contracts (2d ed.), Section 127. Cf. Roberts v. Brett, 11 H. L. C. 337.

 339 (return) 339/1 Graves v. Legg, 9 Exch. 709. Cf. Lang. Contr. (2d ed.), Section 33, p. 1004. Mr. Langdell says that a bought note, though part of a bilateral contract, is to be treated as unilateral, and that it may be presumed that the language of the contract relied on was that of a bought note, and thus a condition in favor of the defendant, who made it. I do not quite understand how this can be assumed when the declaration states a bilateral contract, and the question arose on demurrer to a plea, which also states that the plaintiff "was by the agreement bound to declare" the names. How remote the explanation is from the actual ground of decision will be seen.

 341 (return) 341/1 Recht des Besitzes, Section 11, p. 184, n. 1 (7th ed.), Eng. tr.
 124, n. t.

 342 (return) 342/1 Inst. II. Section 157.

 342/2 "In suis heredibus evidentius apparet continuationem dominii eo rem perdueere, ut nulla videatur hereditas fuisse, quasi olim hi domini essent, qui etiam vivo patre quodammodo domini existimantur, unde etiam filius familias appellatur sicut pater familias, sola nota hae adiecta, per quam distinguitur genitor ab eo qui genitus sit. itaque post mortem patris non hereditatem percipere videntur, sed magis liberam bonorum administrationem consequuntur hac ex causa licet non sint heredes instituti, domini sunt: nec obstat, quod licet eos exheredare, quod et occidere licebat." D. 28.2. 11. Cf. Plato, Laws, [Greek characters] 343 (return) 343/1 Laveleye, Propriety, 24, 202, 205, 211, n. 1, 232; Norton, L.C.
 Hindu Law of Inheritance, p. 193.

 343/2 D. 50. 16. 208.

 343/3 D. 41. 1. 34. Cf. D. 41. 3. 40; Bract., fol. 8 a, 44 a.

 343/4 D. 43. 24. 13, Section 5.

 344 (return) 344/1 Germania, c. 20.

 345 (return) 345/1 Littleton, Section 337; Co. Lit. 209, a, b; Y.B. 8 Ed. IV. 5, 6, pl.
 1; Keilway, 44 a (17 Hen. VII.); Lord North v. Butts, Dyer, 139 b, 140 a, top; Overton v. Sydall, Popham, 120, 121; Boyer v. Rivet, 3 Bulstr. 317, 321; Bain v. Cooper, 1 Dowl. Pr. Cas. N. s. 11, 14.

 345/2 Y.B. 48 Ed. III. 2, pl. 4.

 346 (return) 346/1 Vermoegensrechtlichen Klagen, 88, 89.

 346/2 Proc. de la Lex Salica, tr. Thevenin, p. 72 and n. 1.

 347 (return) 347/1 Ethelred, II. 9; Cnut, II. 73; Essays in Ang. Sax. Law, pp. 221 et seq.

 347/2 1 Spence, Eq. 189, note, citing Hickes, Dissert. Epist., p. 57.

 347/3 Glanv., Lib. VII. c. 2 (Beames, p. 150).

 347/4 Ibid., c. 8 (Beames, p. 168).

 347/5 Reg. Maj., Lib. II. c. 39.

 348 (return) 348/1 Fol. 61 a.

 348/2 Sachsensp., II. 60, Section 2, cited in Essays in Ang. Sax. Law, p.
 221; Grand Cust. de Norm., c. 88.

 348/3 Britt., fol. 64 b (Nich. ed. 163); Fleta, Lib. II. c. 62, Section 10. Cf. Bract., fol. 37 b, Section 10.

 348/4 Bracton, fol. 61 a, b. "Item quaero an testator legare possit actiones suas? Et verum est quod non, de debitis quae in vita testatoris convicta non fuerunt nec recognita, sed hujusmodi actiones competunt haeredibus. Cum antera convicta sint et recognita, tune sunt quasi in bonis testatoris, et competunt executoribus in foro ecclesiastico. Si autem competant haeredibus, ut praedictum est, in foro seculari debent terminari, quia antequam communicantur et in foro debito, non pertinet ad executores, ut in foro ecclesiastico convincantur."

 349 (return) 349/1 Bracton, fol. 62a.

 349/2 Y.B. 20 & 21 Ed. I. 232; cf. ib. 312.

 349/3 Oates v. Frith, Hob. 130. Cf. Y.B. 5 Hen. VII. 18, pl. 12; Popham, J., in Overton v. Sydall, Poph. 120, 121 (E. 39 El.); Boyer v. Rivet, 3 Bulstr. 317, 319-322; Brooker's Case, Godb. 376, 380 (P. 3 Car. I.).

 349/4 Bain v. Cooper, 1 Dowl. Pract. Cas. N. s. 11, 14. Cf. Y.B. 14 Hen.
 VIII. pl. 5, at fol. 10.

 350 (return)


New Zealand, Kendall, in 1823, left the Missionary Society and went with his son Basil to Chile. In 1826 he came back to Australia, and for his good work as a missionary received from the New South Wales Government a grant of 1280 acres at Ulladulla, on the South Coast. There he entered the timber trade and became owner and master of a small vessel used in the business. About 1832 this vessel was wrecked near Sydney, and all on board, including the owner, were drowned.
Of Basil Kendall's early career little is known. While in South America he saw service under Lord Cochrane, the famous tenth Earl of Dundonald, who, after five brilliant years in the Chilean service, was, between 1823 and 1825, fighting on behalf of Brazil. Basil returned to Australia, but disappears from view until 1840. One day in that year he met a Miss Melinda McNally, and next day they were married. Soon afterwards they settled on the Ulladulla grant, farming land at Kirmington, two miles from the little town of Milton. There, in a primitive cottage Basil had built, twin sons—Basil Edward and Henry—were born on the 18th April, 1841. Five years later the family moved to the Clarence River district and settled near the Orara. Basil Kendall had practically lost one lung before his marriage, and failing health made it exceedingly difficult for him to support his family, to which by this time three daughters had been added. On the Orara he grew steadily weaker, and died somewhere about 1851.
Basil Kendall was well educated, and had done what he could to educate his children. After his death the family was scattered, and the two boys were sent to a relative on the South Coast. The scenery of this district made a profound impression upon Henry, and is often referred to in his early poems. In 1855 his uncle Joseph took him as cabin boy in his brig, the 'Plumstead', for a two years' cruise in the Pacific, during which they touched at many of the Islands and voyaged as far north as Yokohama. The beauty of the scenes he visited lived in the boy's memory, but the rigours of ship life were so severe that in after years he looked back on the voyage with horror.
Henry Kendall returned to Sydney in March, 1857, and at once obtained employment in the city and set about making a home for his mother and sisters. Mrs. Kendall, granddaughter of Leonard McNally, a Dublin notable of his day, was a clever, handsome woman with a strong constitution and a volatile temperament. Henry was always devoted to her, and considered that from her he inherited whatever talent he possessed. She helped in his education, and encouraged him to write verse.
The first verses of his known to have been printed were "O tell me, ye breezes"—signed "H. Kendall"—which appeared in 'The Australian Home Companion and Band of Hope Journal' in 1859. A number of other poems by Kendall appeared in the same magazine during 1860 and 1861. But in a letter written years afterwards to Mr. Sheridan Moore, Kendall says "My first essay in writing was sent to 'The Southern Cross' at the time you were sub-editor. You, of course, lit your pipe with it. It was on the subject of the 'Dunbar'. After a few more attempts in prose and verse—attempts only remarkable for their being clever imitations—I hit upon the right vein and wrote the Curlew Song. Then followed the crude, but sometimes happy verses which made up my first volume."
The verses on the wreck of the 'Dunbar', written at the age of sixteen, were eventually printed in 'The Empire' in 1860 as "The Merchant Ship".
Henry Parkes, the editor of that newspaper, had already welcomed some of the boy's poems, and in 'The Empire' of the 8th December, 1859, had noticed as just published a song—"Silent Tears"—the words of which were written by "a young native poet, Mr. H. Kendall, N.A.P." These initials, which puzzled Parkes, as well they might, meant no more than Native Australian Poet.
Kendall also sent some poems to 'The Sydney Morning Herald'; there they attracted the attention of Henry Halloran, a civil servant and a voluminous amateur writer, who sought out the poet and tried to help him.
Kendall's mother brought him to Mr. Sheridan Moore, who had some reputation as a literary critic. He was greatly interested in the poems, and promised to try to raise money for their publication.
Subscriptions were invited by advertisement in January, 1861, but came in so slowly that, after a year's delay, Kendall almost despaired of publication.
Meanwhile Moore had introduced Kendall to James Lionel Michael, through whom he came to know Nicol D. Stenhouse, Dr. Woolley, and others of the small group of literary men in Sydney. Michael, a London solicitor, had been a friend of some of the Pre-Raphaelite group of artists, and was much more interested in literature than in the law when the lure of gold brought him to Australia in 1853. Himself a well-read man and a writer of very fair verse, he recognized the decided promise of Kendall's work and gave him a place in his office. In spite of their disparity in years they became friends, and Kendall undoubtedly derived great benefit from Michael's influence and from the use of his library. When in 1861 Michael left Sydney for Grafton, Kendall either accompanied him or joined him soon afterwards. He did not, however, stay long at Grafton.
He found employment at Dungog on the Williams River; afterwards went to Scone, where he worked for a month or two, and then made his way back to Sydney.
Restive over the long delay in publication, and anxious to get a critical estimate of his work, Kendall in January, 1862, made copies of some pieces and sent them to the 'Cornhill Magazine' with a letter pleading for special consideration on account of the author's youth and the indifference of Australians to anything produced in their own country. A reduced facsimile of this interesting letter is printed here. {In this etext, the letter has been transcribed and is included at the end of this section.} Thackeray was editor of 'Cornhill' up to April, 1862, but may not have seen this pathetic appeal from the other side of the world. At any rate, no notice of it was taken by 'Cornhill', and in July of the same year Kendall sent a similar letter with copies of his verses to the 'Athenaeum'. The editor printed the letter and some of the poems, with very kindly comments, in the issue of 27th September, 1862.
In October, 1862, before this powerful encouragement reached the young writer, 'Poems and Songs' was published in Sydney by Mr. J. R. Clarke.
'The Empire' published a favourable review. Further notice of his work appeared in the 'Athenaeum' during the next four years, and in 1866 it was generously praised by Mr. G. B. Barton in his 'Poets and Prose Writers of New South Wales'.
Meanwhile in August, 1863, Kendall was, through Parkes' influence, appointed to a clerkship in the Surveyor-General's Department at one hundred and fifty pounds a year, and three years later was transferred to the Colonial Secretary's Office at two hundred pounds a year. During this period he read extensively, and wrote much verse. By 1867 he had so far overcome his natural shyness that he undertook to deliver a series of lectures at the Sydney School of Arts. One of these, on "Love, Courtship and Marriage", precipitated him into experience of all three; for he walked home after the lecture with Miss Charlotte Rutter, daughter of a Government medical officer, straightway fell in love, and, after a brief courtship, they were married in the following year.
The year 1868 was a memorable one for Kendall in other ways. In April, James Lionel Michael was found dead in the Clarence River, and in June Charles Harpur died at Euroma. Kendall had a great admiration for Harpur's poems and wrote to him in the spirit


mounds in the neighbourhood of the Darling. It appears in South Australia in similar localities, and has all the characters of its genus in the curved bill, pencilled tongue, and other points.
71. GLYCIPHILA ALBIFRONS, GOULD.--White-fronted Glyciphila.
This bird is about the size of a chaffinch, and was first killed by me on the Darling.
72. PTILOTIS CRATITIUS, GOULD.
This Honey-eater is remarkable in having a narrow lilac skin on the cheek, with a light line of yellow feathers beneath it. It is long both in the body and tail, and is of graceful form. Its colour is grey, but the breast is of a lighter shade and is slightly mottled. First shot by Mr. Gould in South Australia, from whose searching eye, and persevering industry, few things escaped. It was not common in the interior, but was occasionally seen in favourable localities.
73. ANTHOCHAERA CARUNCULATA.--Wattle Bird.
Frequents Banksias, and is common wherever those trees are to be found.
The Anthochaera carunculata is the largest of the wattle birds in South Australia. It has a grey plumage, mottled with white, and is by no means inelegant in its shape, being a long, slender, well proportioned bird.
The whole of the Honey-suckers have curved bills and pencilled tongues.
74. ANTHOCHAERA MELLIVORA.--Brush Wattle Bird.
This Honey-eater is of very limited range, and was so seldom seen during the progress of the Expedition up the Darling, that it may almost be said to be confined to the located district of South Australia. Its range, however, is as far as to the parallel of 30 degrees, beyond which point, as the majority of the honey-bearing trees cease, the larger Honey-suckers are not to be found. Like all the birds of the same genus, it is quick in its movements.
75. MELITHREPTUS GULARIS, GOULD.--Black-throated Honey-eater.
This bird is distinguished by its black throat, and a white lunate mark on the nape of the neck. It is to be found in most places where honey-bearing flowers or trees are to be seen. The general plumage is a dull green.
76. MELITHREPTUS LUNULATUS.--Lunulated Honey-eater.
This species partakes of all the characters of the genus, but is much smaller.
The range of the Honey-eaters does not extend beyond the 28th parallel--towards the N.W. interior, or Central Australia; as there are few honey-giving trees in that desert region. They are found all along the summits of the Barrier Range, however, in considerable numbers; and are always known by their loud wild note.
77. MYZANTHA GARRULA.--The Old Soldier.
A very sociable and tame bird. Its range is over the whole of south-eastern Australia, and we saw nests of these noisy birds at Fort Grey, in 29 degrees. The general colour is grey; their bill, and some portion of the head being yellow. They are fond of being near habitations, and frequent the trees round a stock station in great numbers.
78. SITTELLA PILEATA, GOULD.--Black-capped Sittella.
A creeper, with a black head, and grey brown plumage. Not very common, though often seen in the interior. It is larger than the S. Chrysoptera.
79. CACATUA GALERITA.--Sulphur-crested Cockatoo.
This Cockatoo, the most common in Australia, is snow-white, with the exception of its crest, which is of a bright sulphur. It is also the most mischievous of Australian birds, and not only plays sad havoc amongst the wheat when ripe, but soon clears a field that has been sown. They are in immense flocks, and when in mischief always have sentinels at some prominent point to prevent their being taken by surprise, and signify the approach of a foe by a loud scream. They build in the hollows of trees, and in vast numbers in the Murray cliffs, making them ring with their wild notes; and in that situation are out of reach of the natives. They are abundant along the line of the Darling as high as Fort Bourke, but do not pass to the westward of that river, nor do they inhabit the interior.
80. CACATUA LEADBEATERII.--Leadbeater's Cockatoo.
This beautiful Cockatoo is, like the first, of white plumage, with a light red shade under the wings. He has a large sulphur and scarlet crest, which he erects to the best advantage when alarmed. This Cockatoo frequents the pine forests near Gawler Town, and is seen wherever that tree abounds; but he is not common, although widely distributed over the interior; his range extending to the latitude of Fort Grey, in 29 degrees; far beyond where any pinetrees were to be found.
81. CACATUA SANGUINEA, GOULD.--Blood-stained Cockatoo.
This is a smaller bird than either of the preceding; it is also of white plumage, with a light red down under the feathers; and, although it has the power of erecting the feathers on its head, it may be said to be crestless. This bird succeeded Cacatua galerita, and was first seen in an immense flock on the grassy plains at the bottom of the Depot Creek, feeding on the grassy plains or under the trees, where it greedily sought the seeds of the kidney bean. These cockatoos were very wild, and when they rose from the ground or the trees made a most discordant noise, their note being, if anything, still more disagreeable than that of either of the others. They left us in April, and must have migrated to the N.E., as they did not pass us to the N.W., nor were they any where seen so numerous as at this place.
82. CACATUA EOS.--Rose Cockatoo.
This beautiful bird, seen in the depressed interior in such great numbers, has a slate-coloured back, wings and tail, whilst its breast and neck are of a beautiful rose-pink colour. It has a trifling crest, but not one like the two first described cockatoos. We carried this bird with us to the farthest north, as high up as the 25th parallel. There were several nests at Fort Grey, from which the men procured several young; one of which I brought alive to Adelaide. They hatch in the end of October, and build in the hollows of the box-trees. A flock of these cockatoos, turning their red breasts together to the sun in flying, look very beautiful.
83. LICMETIS NASICUS.--Long-billed Licmetis.
This cockatoo is very like Cacatua sanguinea in colour and shape. It is white, with a dirty shade of yellow under the wing. The upper mandibula is much longer than the lower, overhanging it considerably. This it uses to grub up roots and other things on which it lives. These cockatoos were very numerous on the Murray, and are altogether distinct from the genus to which I have compared them; but their note is very similar, and, excepting to a naturalist, the difference is difficult to observe. The skin round the eye of both species is much larger than the cere round that of the common cockatoo.
84. CALYPTORHYNCHUS FUNEREUS?--Black Cockatoo.
This fine bird was widely distributed over the brushy land of the interior, but was never seen in any considerable numbers. Its plumage is black, and the broad feathers in the tail are of a light yellow underneath. There is a supposition that when these cockatoos fly across the country uttering their hoarse note, it is a prelude to rain; but unfortunately I can bear testimony to the contrary, having often seen them so fly over my head when I would have given my right arm for water.
I am not aware that the Black Cockatoo will survive captivity, I believe they always pine and die.
85. POLYTELIS MELANURA.--Black-tailed Parroquet.
The Murray Parrot, with a bright yellow body and neck, the feathers at the back of the neck having a greener t


used as a general term for heat.

Caloric expands all bodies. Henry.
 Ca*lor"ic, a. Of or pertaining to caloric.

Caloric engine, a kind of engine operated by heated air.

 Cal'o*ric"ity (?), n. (Physiol.) A faculty in animals of developing and preserving the heat necessary to life, that is, the animal heat.

 Ca*lor"i*duct (?), n. [L. calor heat (fr. calere to warm) + E. duct.] A tube or duct for conducting heat; a caliduct.

 Cal"o*rie (?), n. [F., fr. L. calor heat.] (Physics) The unit of heat according to the French standard; the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram (sometimes, one gram) of water one degree centigrade, or from 0° to 1°. Compare the English standard unit, Foot pound.

 Ca*lor'i*fa"cient (?), a. (Physiol.) See Calorificient.

 Ca*lor"i*fere (?), n. [F. calorifère, fr. L. calor heat + ferre to bear.] An apparatus for conveying and distributing heat, especially by means of hot water circulating in tubes.

 Ca*lor'i*fi"ant (?), a. (Physiol.) See Calorificient.

 Cal'o*rif"ic (?), a. [L. calorificus; calor heat + facere to make; cf. F. calorifique.] Possessing the quality of producing heat; heating.

Calorific rays, the invisible, heating rays which emanate from the sun, and from burning and heated bodies.

 Ca*lor'i*fi*ca"tion (k*lr'*f*k"shn), n. [Cf. F. calorification.]
 Production of heat, esp. animal heat.

 Ca*lor'i*fi"cient (?), a. (Physiol.) Having, or relating to the power of producing heat; -- applied to foods which, being rich in carbon, as the fats, are supposed to give rise to heat in the animal body by oxidation.

 Cal'o*rim"e*ter (?), n. [L. calor heat + -meter; cf.
 F. calorimètre.] 1. (Physiol.) An apparatus for measuring the amount of heat contained in bodies or developed by some mechanical or chemical process, as friction, chemical combination, combustion, etc.

2. (Engineering) An apparatus for measuring the proportion of unevaporated water contained in steam.

 Ca*lor'i*met"ric (?), a. Of or pertaining to the process of using the calorimeter.

 Satisfactory calorimetric results. Nichol.
 Cal'o*rim"e*try (?), n. (Physics) Measurement of the quantities of heat in bodies.

 Ca*lor'i*mo"tor (?), n. [L. calor heat + E. motor.]
 (Physics) A voltaic battery, having a large surface of plate, and producing powerful heating effects.

 { ||Ca*lotte" (?), Cal"lot (?) }, n. [F. calotte, dim. of cale a sort of flat cap. Cf. Caul.] A close cap without visor or brim.
 Especially: (a) Such a cap, worn by English serjeants at law. (b) Such a cap, worn by the French cavalry under their helmets. (c) Such a cap, worn by the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church.

To assume the calotte, to become a priest.

 Cal"o*type (?), n. [Gr. kalo's beautiful + ty'pos type.] (Photog.)
 A method of taking photographic pictures, on paper sensitized with iodide of silver; -- also called Talbotype, from the inventor, Mr. Fox. Talbot.

 Ca*loy"er (?), n. [F., fr. NGr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; a monk; kalo's beautiful, good + &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;, equiv. to Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?; an old man.] A monk of the Greek Church; a cenobite, anchoret, or recluse of the rule of St.
 Basil, especially, one on or near Mt. Athos.

 Calque, v. t. See 2d Calk, v. t.
 { Cal"trop (?), Cal"trap (?), } n. [OE. calketrappe, calletrappe, caltor (in both senses), fr. AS. collræppe, calcetreppe, sort of thistle; cf. F. chaussetrape star thistle, trap, It. calcatreppo, calcatreppolo, star thistle. Perh. from L. calx heel + the same word as E. trap. See 1st Trap.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of herbaceous plants (Tribulus) of the order Zygophylleæ, having a hard severalcelled fruit, armed with stout spines, and resembling the military instrument of the same name. The species grow in warm countries, and are often very annoying to cattle.

2. (Mil.) An instrument with four iron points, so disposed that, any three of them being on the ground, the other projects upward.
 They are scattered on the ground where an enemy's cavalry are to pass, to impede their progress by endangering the horses' feet.

 Ca*lum"ba (?), n. [from kalumb, its native name in Mozambique.] (Med.) The root of a plant (Jateorrhiza Calumba, and probably Cocculus palmatus), indigenous in Mozambique. It has an unpleasantly bitter taste, and is used as a tonic and antiseptic.
 [Written also colombo, columbo, and calombo.]

American calumba, the Frasera Carolinensis, also called American gentian. Its root has been used in medicine as bitter tonic in place of calumba.

 Ca*lum"bin (?), n. (Chem.) A bitter principle extracted as a white crystalline substance from the calumba root. [Written also colombin, and columbin] Cal"u*met (?), n. [F. calumet, fr. L. calamus reed.
 See Halm, and cf. Shawm.] A kind of pipe, used by the North American Indians for smoking tobacco. The bowl is usually made of soft red stone, and the tube is a long reed often ornamented with feathers.

 Smoked the calumet, the Peace pipe, As a signal to the nations. Lowgfellow.
 The calumet is used as a symbol of peace. To accept the calumet is to agree to terms of peace, and to refuse it is to reject them. The calumet of peace is used to seal or ratify contracts and alliances, and as an evidence to strangers that they are welcome.

 Ca*lum"ni*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Calumniated; p. pr. & vb. n. calumniating.] [L. calumniatus, p. p. of calumniari.
 See Calumny, and cf. Challenge, v. t.] To accuse falsely and maliciously of a crime or offense, or of something disreputable; to slander; to libel.

 Hatred unto the truth did always falsely report and calumniate all godly men's doings. Strype.
Syn. -- To asperse; slander; defame; vilify; traduce; belie; bespatter; blacken; libel. See Asperse.

 Ca*lum"ni*ate, v. i. To propagate evil reports with a design to injure the reputation of another; to make purposely false charges of some offense or crime.

 Ca*lum'ni*a"tion (k*lm'n*"shn), n. False