A novice can write short BASIC programs (on the order of 10-20 lines) very easily; writing anything longer (a) is very painful, and (b) encourages bad habits that will make it harder to use more powerful languages well. This wouldn't be so bad if historical accidents hadn't made BASIC so common on low-end micros in the 1980s. As it is, it probably ruined tens of thousands of potential wizards.
[1995: Some languages called 'BASIC' aren't quite this nasty any more, having acquired Pascaland C-like procedures and control structures and shed their line numbers. --ESR] Note: the name is commonly parsed as Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code, but this is a backronym. BASIC was originally named Basic, simply because it was a simple and basic programming language.
Because most programming language names were in fact acronyms, BASIC was often capitalized just out of habit or to be silly. No acronym for BASIC originally existed or was intended (as one can verify by reading texts through the early 1970s). Later, around the mid-1970s, people began to make up backronyms for BASIC because they weren't sure. Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code is the one that caught on.
Node:batbelt, Next:batch, Previous:BASIC, Up:= B = batbelt n. Many hackers routinely hang numerous devices such as pagers, cell-phones, personal organizers, leatherman multitools, pocket knives, flashlights, walkie-talkies, even miniature computers from their belts. When many of these devices are worn at once, the hacker's belt somewhat resembles Batman's utility belt; hence it is referred to as a batbelt.
Node:batch, Next:bathtub curve, Previous:batbelt, Up:= B = batch adj.
1. Non-interactive. Hackers use this somewhat more loosely than the traditional technical definitions justify; in particular, switches on a normally interactive program that prepare it to receive non-interactive command input are often referred to as 'batch mode' switches. A 'batch file' is a series of instructions written to be handed to an interactive program running in batch mode. 2. Performance of dreary tasks all at one sitting. "I finally sat down in batch mode and wrote out checks for all those bills; I guess they'll turn the electricity back on next week..." 3. 'batching up': Accumulation of a number of small tasks that can be lumped together for greater efficiency. "I'm batching up those letters to send sometime" "I'm batching up bottles to take to the recycling center."
Node:bathtub curve, Next:baud, Previous:batch, Up:= B = bathtub curve n. Common term for the curve (resembling an end-to-end section of one of those claw-footed antique bathtubs) that describes the expected failure rate of electronics with time: initially high, dropping to near 0 for most of the system's lifetime, then rising again as it 'tires out'. See also burn-in period, infant mortality.
Node:baud, Next:baud barf, Previous:bathtub curve, Up:= B = baud /bawd/ n.
[simplified from its technical meaning] n. Bits per second.
Hence kilobaud or Kbaud, thousands of bits per second. The technical meaning is 'level transitions per second'; this coincides with bps only for two-level modulation with no framing or stop bits. Most hackers are aware of these nuances but blithely ignore them.
Historical note: 'baud' was originally a unit of telegraph signalling speed, set at one pulse per second. It was proposed at the November, 1926 conference of the Comité Consultatif International Des Communications Télégraphiques as an improvement on the then standard practice of referring to line speeds in terms of words per minute, and named for Jean Maurice Emile Baudot (_PHONE_), a French engineer who did a lot of pioneering work in early teleprinters.
Node:baud barf, Next:baz, Previous:baud, Up:= B = baud barf /bawd barf/ n. The garbage one gets a terminal (or terminal emulator) when using a modem connection with some protocol setting (esp. line speed) incorrect, or when someone picks up a voice extension on the same line, or when really bad line noise disrupts the connection. Baud barf is not completely random, by the way; hackers with a lot of serial-line experience can usually tell whether the device at the other end is expecting a higher or lower speed than the terminal is set to. Really experienced ones can identify particular speeds.
Node:baz, Next:bazaar, Previous:baud barf, Up:= B = baz /baz/ n.
1. [common] The third metasyntactic variable "Suppose we have three functions: FOO, BAR, and BAZ. FOO calls BAR, which calls BAZ...." (See also fum) 2. interj. A term of mild annoyance. In this usage the term is often drawn out for 2 or 3 seconds, producing an effect not unlike the bleating of a sheep; /baaaaaaz/. 3.
Occasionally appended to foo to produce 'foobaz'.
Earlier versions of this lexicon derived 'baz' as a Stanford corruption of bar. However, Pete Samson (compiler of the TMRC lexicon) reports it was already current when he joined TMRC in 1958. He says "It came from "Pogo". Albert the Alligator, when vexed or outraged, would shout 'Bazz Fazz!' or 'Rowrbazzle!' The club layout was said to model the (mythical) New England counties of Rowrfolk and Bassex (Rowrbazzle mingled with (Norfolk/Suffolk/Middlesex/Essex)."
Node:bazaar, Next:bboard, Previous:baz, Up:= B = bazaar n.,adj.
In 1997, after meditatating on the success of Linux for three years, the Jargon File's own editor ESR wrote an analytical paper on hacker culture and development models titled The Cathedral and the Bazaar. The main argument of the paper was that Brooks's Law is not the whole story; given the right social machinery, debugging can be efficiently parallelized across large numbers of programmers. The title metaphor caught on (see also cathedral), and the style of development typical in the Linux community is now often referred to as the bazaar mode. Its characteristics include releasing code early and often, and actively seeking the largest possible pool of peer reviewers.
Node:bboard, Next:BBS, Previous:bazaar, Up:= B = bboard /bee'bord/ n.
[contraction of 'bulletin board'] 1. Any electronic bulletin board; esp. used of BBS systems running on personal micros, less frequently of a Usenet newsgroup (in fact, use of this term for a newsgroup generally marks one either as a newbie fresh in from the BBS world or as a real old-timer predating Usenet). 2. At CMU and other colleges with similar facilities, refers to campus-wide electronic bulletin boards. 3. The term 'physical bboard' is sometimes used to refer to an old-fashioned, non-electronic cork-and-thumbtack memo board. At CMU, it refers to a particular one outside the CS Lounge.
In either of senses 1 or 2, the term is usually prefixed by the name of the intended board ('the Moonlight Casino bboard' or 'market bboard'); however, if the context is clear, the better-read bboards may be referred to by name alone, as in (at CMU) "Don't post for-sale ads on general".
Node:BBS, Next:BCPL, Previous:bboard, Up:= B = BBS /B-B-S/ n.
[common; abbreviation, 'Bulletin Board System'] An electronic bulletin board system; that is, a message database where people can log in and leave broadcast messages for others grouped (typically) into topic groups. The term was especially applied to the thousands of local BBS systems that operated during the pre-Internet microcomputer era of roughly 1980 to 1995, typically run by amateurs for fun out of their homes on MS-DOS boxes with a single modem line each. Fans of Usenet and Internet or the big commercial


Or, The Young Railroader's Most Daring Exploit.
RALPH ON THE MIDNIGHT FLYER; Or, The Wreck at Shadow Valley.
RALPH AND THE MISSING MAIL POUCH; Or, The Stolen Government Bonds.
THE RIDDLE CLUB BOOKS By ALICE DALE HARDY Individual Colored Wrappers. Attractively Illustrated. Every Volume Complete in Itself.
Here is as ingenious a series of books for little folks as has ever appeared since "Alice in Wonderland." The idea of the Riddle books is a little group of children—three girls and three boys decide to form a riddle club. Each book is full of the adventures and doings of these six youngsters, but as an added attraction each book is filled with a lot of the best riddles you ever heard.
THE RIDDLE CLUB AT HOME An absorbing tale that all boys and girls will enjoy reading. How the members of the club fixed up a clubroom in the Larue barn, and how they, later on, helped solve a most mysterious happening, and how one of the members won a valuable prize, is told in a manner to please every young reader.
THE RIDDLE CLUB IN CAMP The club members went into camp on the edge of a beautiful lake. Here they had rousing good times swimming, boating and around the campfire.
They fell in with a mysterious old man known as The Hermit of Triangle Island. Nobody knew his real name or where he came from until the propounding of a riddle solved these perplexing questions.
THE RIDDLE CLUB THROUGH THE HOLIDAYS This volume takes in a great number of winter sports, including skating and sledding and the building of a huge snowman. It also gives the particulars of how the club treasurer lost the dues entrusted to his care and what the melting of the great snowman revealed.
THE RIDDLE CLUB AT SUNRISE BEACH This volume tells how the club journeyed to the seashore and how they not only kept up their riddles but likewise had good times on the sand and on the water. Once they got lost in a fog and are marooned on an island. Here they made a discovery that greatly pleased the folks at home.


fight on many battle-fields," battlefields is hyphenated and split between two lines.
 On page 221, the text uses battlefields, without the hyphen. Therefore, we transcribed the word on page 178 sans hyphen.

Chapter IX • Page 206-Page 207: In Chapter 9, the word encyclopædia was spelled with the a-e lig, but in two other references (Page 178 and Page 240), the o-e lig was used.
 We retained the convention used by the book: Diderot's Encyclopœdia and The Encyclopœdia Britannica for the title of the work, but encyclopædia for the generic term.

Chapter X • Page 214: On page 214, war-ships is hyphenated and split between two lines for spacing in the clause "There were forty-nine warships, carrying..." On Page 13 and Page 213, warships occurs in the middle of a line without the hyphen.
 On Page 61 and Page 218, war-ships occurs in the middle of the line with a hyphen. We flipped a coin and transcribed the word without the hyphen.

Index • Page 244: Changed spelling of "Nepigon" in Index to Nipigon, to match the text.
 Moved entry to page 245 so that the index entries are in alphabetical order.


or godless. [R.]

 They endeavored to atheize one another. Berkeley.
 A"the*ize, v. i. To discourse, argue, or act as an atheist. [R.] -- A"the*i'zer (&?;), n. Cudworth.
 Ath"el*ing (th"l*ng), n. [AS. æðeling noble, fr.
 æðele noble, akin to G. adel nobility, edel noble. The word æðel, E. ethel, is in many AS.
 proper names, as Ethelwolf, noble wolf; Ethelbald, noble bold; Ethelbert, noble bright.] An Anglo-Saxon prince or nobleman; esp., the heir apparent or a prince of the royal family. [Written also Adeling and Ætheling.]

 Ath'e*ne"um, Ath'e*næ"um (&?;), n.; pl. E. Atheneums (&?;), L. Athenæa (&?;). [L. Athenaeum, Gr.
 'Aqhn'aion a temple of Minerva at Athens, fr. 'Aqhna^, contr. fr. 'Aqhna'a, 'Aqhnai'a, in Homer 'Aqh'nh, 'Aqhnai'n, Athene (called Minerva by the Romans), the tutelary goddess of Athens.] 1. (Gr. Antiq.)
 A temple of Athene, at Athens, in which scholars and poets were accustomed to read their works and instruct students.

2. A school founded at Rome by Hadrian.

3. A literary or scientific association or club.

4. A building or an apartment where a library, periodicals, and newspapers are kept for use.

 A*the"ni*an (&?;), a. [Cf. F. Athénien.] Of or pertaining to Athens, the metropolis of Greece. -- n. A native or citizen of Athens.

 A'the*o*log"ic*al (&?;), a. Opposed to theology; atheistic. Bp.
 Montagu.
 A'the*ol"o*gy (&?;), n. [Pref. a- not + theology.]
 Antagonism to theology. Swift.
 A"the*ous (&?;), a. [Gr. &?; without God. See Atheist.] 1.
 Atheistic; impious. [Obs.] Milton.
2. Without God, neither accepting nor denying him.

 I should say science was atheous, and therefore could not be atheistic. Bp. of Carlisle.
 Ath"er*ine (&?;), n. [NL. atherina, fr. Gr. &?; a kind of smelt.] (Zoöl.) A small marine fish of the family Atherinidæ, having a silvery stripe along the sides. The European species (Atherina presbyter) is used as food. The American species (Menidia notata) is called silversides and sand smelt. See Silversides.

 A*ther"man*cy (*thr"mn*s), n. [See Athermanous.] Inability to transmit radiant heat; impermeability to heat. Tyndall.
 A*ther"ma*nous (&?;), a. [Gr. 'a priv. + qermai'nein to heat, qe'rma heat: cf. F. athermane.] (Chem.) Not transmitting heat; -- opposed to diathermanous.

 A*ther"mous (&?;), a. (Chem.) Athermanous.

 Ath"er*oid (&?;), a. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a beard, or an ear, of grain + -oid.] Shaped like an ear of grain.

 ||Ath'e*ro"ma (&?;), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, fr.
 &?; gr&?;ats, meal.] (Med.) (a) An encysted tumor containing curdy matter. (b) A disease characterized by thickening and fatty degeneration of the inner coat of the arteries.

 Ath'e*rom"a*tous (&?;), a. (Med.) Of, pertaining to, or having the nature of, atheroma. Wiseman.
 ||Ath'e*to"sis (&?;), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; not fixed; 'a priv. + &?; to set.] (Med.) A variety of chorea, marked by peculiar tremors of the fingers and toes.

 A*think" (&?;), v. t. To repent; to displease; to disgust.
 [Obs.] Chaucer.
 A*thirst" (&?;), a. [OE. ofthurst, AS. ofpyrsted, p. p. of ofpyrstan; pref. of-, intensive + pyrstan to thirst. See Thirst.] 1. Wanting drink; thirsty.

2. Having a keen appetite or desire; eager; longing. "Athirst for battle." Cowper.
 Ath"lete (&?;), n. [L. athleta, Gr. &?; prizefighter, fr. &?; to contend for a prize, &?;, Hom. &?;, contest, &?; prize; fr. the same root as E. wed: cf. F. athlète.]
 1. (Antiq.) One who contended for a prize in the public games of ancient Greece or Rome.

2. Any one trained to contend in exercises requiring great physical agility and strength; one who has great activity and strength; a champion.

3. One fitted for, or skilled in, intellectual contests; as, athletes of debate.

 Ath'let"ic (&?;), a. [L. athleticus, Gr. &?;. See Athlete.] 1. Of or pertaining to athletes or to the exercises practiced by them; as, athletic games or sports.

2. Befitting an athlete; strong; muscular; robust; vigorous; as, athletic Celts. "Athletic soundness." South. -- Ath*let"ic*al*ly (&?;), adv.
 Ath*let"i*cism (&?;), n. The practice of engaging in athletic games; athletism.

 Ath*let"ics (&?;), n. The art of training by athletic exercises; the games and sports of athletes.

 Ath"le*tism (&?;), n. The state or practice of an athlete; the characteristics of an athlete.

 A*thwart" (&?;), prep. [Pref. a- + thwart.] 1.
 Across; from side to side of.

 Athwart the thicket lone. Tennyson.
2. (Naut.) Across the direction or course of; as, a fleet standing athwart our course.

Athwart hawse, across the stem of another vessel, whether in contact or at a small distance. -- Athwart ships, across the ship from side to side, or in that direction; -- opposed to fore and aft.

 A*thwart", adv. 1. Across, especially in an oblique direction; sidewise; obliquely.

 Sometimes athwart, sometimes he strook him straight. Spenser.
2. Across the course; so as to thwart; perversely.

 All athwart there came A post from Wales loaden with heavy news. Shak.
 A*tilt" (&?;), adv. [Pref. a- + tilt.] 1.
 In the manner of a tilter; in the position, or with the action, of one making a thrust. "To run atilt at men." Hudibras.
2. In the position of a cask tilted, or with one end raised. [In this sense sometimes used as an adjective.]

 Abroach, atilt, and run Even to the lees of honor. Beau.
 & Fl.
 At"i*my (&?;), n. [Gr. &?;; 'a priv. + &?; honor.] (Gr.
 Antiq.) Public disgrace or


[Illustration] The Man Who Was Thursday A Nightmare by G. K. Chesterton Contents A WILD, MAD, HILARIOUS AND PROFOUNDLY MOVING TALE THE MAN WHO WAS THURSDAY CHAPTER I. THE TWO POETS OF SAFFRON PARK CHAPTER II. THE SECRET OF GABRIEL SYME CHAPTER III. THE MAN WHO WAS THURSDAY CHAPTER IV. THE TALE OF A DETECTIVE CHAPTER V. THE FEAST OF FEAR CHAPTER VI. THE EXPOSURE CHAPTER VII. THE UNACCOUNTABLE CONDUCT OF PROFESSOR DE WORMS CHAPTER VIII. THE PROFESSOR EXPLAINS CHAPTER IX. THE MAN IN SPECTACLES CHAPTER X. THE DUEL CHAPTER XI. THE CRIMINALS CHASE THE POLICE CHAPTER XII. THE EARTH IN ANARCHY CHAPTER XIII. THE PURSUIT OF THE PRESIDENT CHAPTER XIV. THE SIX PHILOSOPHERS CHAPTER XV. THE ACCUSER A WILD, MAD, HILARIOUS AND PROFOUNDLY MOVING TALE It is very difficult to classify THE MAN WHO WAS THURSDAY. It is possible to say that it is a gripping adventure story of murderous criminals and brilliant policemen; but it was to be expected that the author of the Father Brown stories should tell a detective story like no-one else. On this level, therefore, THE MAN WHO WAS THURSDAY succeeds superbly; if nothing else, it is a magnificent tour-de-force of suspense-writing.
However, the reader will soon discover that it is much more than that. Carried along on the boisterous rush of the narrative by Chesterton's wonderful high-spirited style, he will soon see that he is being carried into much deeper waters than he had planned on; and the totally unforeseeable denouement will prove for the modern reader, as it has for thousands of others since 1908 when the book was first published, an inevitable and moving experience, as the investigators finally discover who Sunday is.
THE MAN WHO WAS THURSDAY A NIGHTMARE To Edmund Clerihew Bentley A cloud was on the mind of men, and wailing went the weather, Yea, a sick cloud upon the soul when we were boys together.
Science announced nonentity and art admired decay; The world was old and ended: but you and I were gay; Round us in antic order their crippled vices came— Lust that had lost its laughter, fear that had lost its shame.
Like the white lock of Whistler, that lit our aimless gloom, Men showed their own white feather as proudly as a plume.
Life was a fly that faded, and death a drone that stung; The world was very old indeed when you and I were young.
They twisted even decent sin to shapes not to be named: Men were ashamed of honour; but we were not ashamed.
Weak if we were and foolish, not thus we failed, not thus; When that black Baal blocked the heavens he had no hymns from us Children we were—our forts of sand were even as weak as we, High as they went we piled them up to break that bitter sea.
Fools as we were in motley, all jangling and absurd, When all church bells were silent our cap and bells were heard.
Not all unhelped we held the fort, our tiny flags unfurled; Some giants laboured in that cloud to lift it from the world.
I find again the book we found, I feel the hour that flings Far out of fish-shaped Paumanok some cry of cleaner things; And the Green Carnation withered, as in forest fires that pass, Roared in the wind of all the world ten million leaves of grass; Or sane and sweet and sudden as a bird sings in the rain— Truth out of Tusitala spoke and pleasure out of pain.
Yea, cool and clear and sudden as a bird sings in the grey, Dunedin to Samoa spoke, and darkness unto day.
But we were young; we lived to see God break their bitter charms.
God and the good Republic come riding back in arms: We have seen the City of Mansoul, even as it rocked, relieved— Blessed are they who did not see, but being blind, believed.
This is a tale of those old fears, even of those emptied hells, And none but you shall understand the true thing that it tells— Of what colossal gods of shame could cow men and yet crash, Of what huge devils hid the stars, yet fell at a pistol flash.
The doubts that were so plain to chase, so dreadful to withstand— Oh, who shall understand but you; yea, who shall understand?
The doubts that drove us through the night as we two talked amain, And day had broken on the streets e'er it broke upon the brain.
Between us, by the peace of God, such truth can now be told; Yea, there is strength in striking root and good in growing old.
We have found common things at last and marriage and a creed, And I may safely write it now, and you may safely read.
G. K. C. CHAPTER I. THE TWO POETS OF SAFFRON PARK The suburb of Saffron Park lay on the sunset side of London, as red and ragged as a cloud of sunset. It was built of a bright brick throughout; its sky-line was fantastic, and even its ground plan was wild. It had been the outburst of a speculative builder, faintly tinged with art, who called its architecture sometimes Elizabethan and sometimes Queen Anne, apparently under the impression that the two sovereigns were identical. It was described with some justice as an artistic colony, though it never in any definable way produced any art. But although its pretensions to be an intellectual centre were a little vague, its pretensions to be a pleasant place were quite indisputable. The stranger who looked for the first time at the quaint red houses could only think how very oddly shaped the people must be who could fit in to them. Nor when he met the people was he disappointed in this respect. The place was not only pleasant, but perfect, if once he could regard it not as a deception but rather as a dream. Even if the people were not "artists," the whole was nevertheless artistic. That young man with the long, auburn hair and the impudent face—that young man was not really a poet; but surely he was a poem. That old gentleman with the wild, white beard and the wild, white hat—that venerable humbug was not really a philosopher; but at least he was the cause of philosophy in others. That scientific gentleman with the bald, egg-like head and the bare, bird-like neck had no real right to the airs of science that he assumed. He had not discovered anything new in biology; but what biological creature could he have discovered more singular than himself?
Thus, and thus only, the whole place had properly to be regarded; it had to be considered not so much as a workshop for artists, but as a frail but finished work of art. A man who stepped into its social atmosphere felt as if he had stepped into a written comedy.
More especially this attractive unreality fell upon it about nightfall, when the extravagant roofs were dark against the afterglow and the whole insane village seemed as separate as a drifting cloud. This again was more strongly true of the many nights of local festivity, when the little gardens were often illuminated, and the big Chinese lanterns glowed in the dwarfish trees like some fierce and monstrous fruit. And this was strongest of all on one particular evening, still vaguely remembered in the locality, of which the auburn-haired poet was the hero. It was not by any means the only evening of which he was the hero. On many nights those passing by his little back garden might hear his high, didactic voice laying down the law to men and particularly to women. The attitude of women in such cases was indeed one of the paradoxes of the place. Most of the women were of the kind vaguely called emancipated, and professed some protest against male supremacy. Yet these new women would always pay to a man the extravagant compliment which no ordinary woman ever pays to him, that of listening while he is talking. And Mr. Lucian Gregory, the red-haired poet, was really (in some sense) a man worth listening to, even if one only laughed at


The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Bible, Douay-Rheims Version, Challoner Revision The Old and New Testaments This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at _URL_. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.
Title: The Holy Bible Douay-Rheims Version, Challoner Revision The Old and New Testaments Release Date: January 11, 2011 [eBook #1581] [Most recently updated: March 31, 2022] Language: English Character set encoding: UTF-8 Produced by: Dennis McCarthy and Tad Book *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE HOLY BIBLE *** The Holy Bible Translated from the Latin Vulgate Diligently Compared with the Hebrew, Greek, and Other Editions in Divers Languages THE OLD TESTAMENT First Published by the English College at Douay A.D. 1609 & 1610 and THE NEW TESTAMENT First Published by the English College at Rheims A.D. 1582 With Annotations The Whole Revised and Diligently Compared with the Latin Vulgate by Bishop Richard Challoner A.D. _PHONE_ Contents THE OLD TESTAMENT THE BOOK OF GENESIS THE BOOK OF EXODUS THE BOOK OF LEVITICUS THE BOOK OF NUMBERS THE BOOK OF DEUTERONOMY THE BOOK OF JOSUE THE BOOK OF JUDGES THE BOOK OF RUTH THE FIRST BOOK OF SAMUEL, OTHERWISE CALLED THE FIRST BOOK OF KINGS THE SECOND BOOK OF SAMUEL, OTHERWISE CALLED THE SECOND BOOK OF KINGS THE THIRD BOOK OF KINGS THE FOURTH BOOK OF KINGS THE FIRST BOOK OF PARALIPOMENON THE SECOND BOOK OF PARALIPOMENON THE FIRST BOOK OF ESDRAS THE BOOK OF NEHEMIAS, WHICH IS CALLED THE SECOND OF ESDRAS THE BOOK OF TOBIAS THE BOOK OF JUDITH THE BOOK OF ESTHER THE BOOK OF JOB THE BOOK OF PSALMS THE BOOK OF PROVERBS ECCLESIASTES SOLOMON'S CANTICLE OF CANTICLES THE BOOK OF WISDOM ECCLESIASTICUS THE PROPHECY OF ISAIAS THE PROPHECY OF JEREMIAS THE LAMENTATIONS OF JEREMIAS THE PROPHECY OF BARUCH THE PROPHECY OF EZECHIEL THE PROPHECY OF DANIEL THE PROPHECY OF OSEE THE PROPHECY OF JOEL THE PROPHECY OF AMOS THE PROPHECY OF ABDIAS THE PROPHECY OF JONAS THE PROPHECY OF MICHEAS THE PROPHECY OF NAHUM THE PROPHECY OF HABACUC THE PROPHECY OF SOPHONIAS THE PROPHECY OF AGGEUS THE PROPHECY OF ZACHARIAS THE PROPHECY OF MALACHIAS THE FIRST BOOK OF MACHABEES THE SECOND BOOK OF MACHABEES THE NEW TESTAMENT OF OUR LORD AND SAVIOUR JESUS CHRIST THE HOLY GOSPEL OF JESUS CHRIST ACCORDING TO ST. MATTHEW THE HOLY GOSPEL OF JESUS CHRIST ACCORDING TO ST. MARK THE HOLY GOSPEL OF JESUS CHRIST ACCORDING TO ST. LUKE THE HOLY GOSPEL OF JESUS CHRIST ACCORDING TO ST. JOHN THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES THE EPISTLE OF ST. PAUL THE APOSTLE TO THE ROMANS THE FIRST EPISTLE OF ST. PAUL TO THE CORINTHIANS THE SECOND EPISTLE OF ST. PAUL TO THE CORINTHIANS THE EPISTLE OF ST.
PAUL TO THE GALATIANS THE EPISTLE OF ST.
PAUL TO THE EPHESIANS THE EPISTLE OF ST.
PAUL TO THE PHILIPPIANS THE EPISTLE OF ST.
PAUL TO THE COLOSSIANS THE FIRST EPISTLE OF ST. PAUL TO THE THESSALONIANS THE SECOND EPISTLE OF ST. PAUL TO THE THESSALONIANS THE FIRST EPISTLE OF ST. PAUL TO TIMOTHY THE SECOND EPISTLE OF ST. PAUL TO TIMOTHY THE EPISTLE OF ST. PAUL TO TITUS THE EPISTLE OF ST. PAUL TO PHILEMON THE EPISTLE OF ST. PAUL TO THE HEBREWS THE CATHOLIC EPISTLE OF ST. JAMES THE APOSTLE THE FIRST EPISTLE OF ST. PETER THE APOSTLE THE SECOND EPISTLE OF ST. PETER THE APOSTLE THE FIRST EPISTLE OF ST. JOHN THE APOSTLE THE SECOND EPISTLE OF ST. JOHN THE APOSTLE THE THIRD EPISTLE OF ST. JOHN THE APOSTLE THE CATHOLIC EPISTLE OF ST.
JUDE THE APOSTLE THE APOCALYPSE OF ST.
JOHN THE APOSTLE APPENDICES ADDITIONAL BOOKS THE PRAYER OF MANASSES KING OF IVDA, WHEN HE WAS HELD CAPTIVE IN BABYLON THE THIRD BOOKE OF ESDRAS THE FOVRTH BOOKE OF ESDRAS THE PROPHECIE OF ABDIAS THE CATHOLIKE EPISTLE OF IVDE THE APOSTLE SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL THE PREFACE TO THE READER HARD VVORDES EXPLICATED THE OLD TESTAMENT THE BOOK OF GENESIS This book is so called from its treating of the GENERATION, that is, of the creation and the beginning of the world. The Hebrews call it BERESITH, from the Word with which it begins. It contains not only the history of the Creation of the world; but also an account of its progress during the space of 2369 years, that is, until the death of JOSEPH.
Genesis Chapter 1 God createth Heaven and Earth, and all things therein, in six days.
1:1. In the beginning God created heaven, and earth.
1:2. And the earth was void and empty, and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the spirit of God moved over the waters.
1:3. And God said: Be light made. And light was made.
1:4. And God saw the light that it was good; and he divided the light from the darkness.
1:5. And he called the light Day, and the darkness Night; and there was evening and morning one day.
1:6. And God said: Let there be a firmament made amidst the waters: and let it divide the waters from the waters.
A firmament.... By this name is here understood the whole space between the earth, and the highest stars. The lower part of which divideth the waters that are upon the earth, from those that are above in the clouds.
1:7. And God made a firmament, and divided the waters that were under the firmament, from those that were above the firmament, and it was so.
1:8. And God called the firmament, Heaven; and the evening and morning were the second day.
1:9. God also said; Let the waters that are under the heaven, be gathered together into one place: and let the dry land appear. And it was so done.
1:10. And God called the dry land, Earth; and the gathering together of the waters, he called Seas. And God saw that it was good.
1:11. And he said: let the earth bring forth green herb, and such as may seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after its kind, which may have seed in itself upon the


Scolding.] [Akin to D. schelden, G. schelten, OHG. sceltan, Dan. skielde.] To find fault or rail with rude clamor; to brawl; to utter harsh, rude, boisterous rebuke; to chide sharply or coarsely; -- often with at; as, to scold at a servant.

 Pardon me, lords, 't is the first time ever I was forced to scold.

Shak.
 Scold, v. t. To chide with rudeness and clamor; to rate; also, to rebuke or reprove with severity.

 Scold, n. 1. One who scolds, or makes a practice of scolding; esp., a rude, clamorous woman; a shrew.

 She is an irksome, brawling scold.

Shak.
2. A scolding; a brawl.

 Scold"er (?), n. 1. One who scolds.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) The oyster catcher; -- so called from its shrill cries. (b) The old squaw. [Local U.S.]

 Scold"ing, a. & n. from Scold, v. Scolding bridle, an iron frame. See Brank, n., 2.

 Scold"ing*ly, adv. In a scolding manner.

 Scole (?), n. School. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 ||Sco*le"ci*da (? or?), n. pl. [NL. See Scolex.] (Zoöl.)
 Same as Helminthes.

 Scol"e*cite (? or?; 277), n. [Gr. skw'lhx, -hkos, a worm, earthworm.] (Min.) A zeolitic mineral occuring in delicate radiating groups of white crystals. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime. Called also lime mesotype.

 ||Sco*le'co*mor"pha (&?;), n. pl. [NL. See Scolex, -morphous.]
 (Zoöl.) Same as Scolecida.

 ||Sco"lex (?), n.; pl. Scoleces (#). [NL., from Gr.
 skw'lhx worm, grub.] (Zoöl.) (a) The embryo produced directly from the egg in a metagenetic series, especially the larva of a tapeworm or other parasitic worm. See Illust. of Echinococcus. (b) One of the Scolecida.

 Sco*ley" (?), v. i. [Cf. OF. escoler to teach. See School.]
 To go to school; to study. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 ||Sco'li*o"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. skolio's crooked.] (Med.)
 A lateral curvature of the spine.

 ||Scol"i*thus (? or?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. skw'lhx a worm + li'qos a stone.] (Paleon.) A tubular structure found in Potsdam sandstone, and believed to be the fossil burrow of a marine worm.

 Scol"lop (?), n. & v. See Scallop.

 Scol'o*pa"cine (?), a. [L. scolopax a snipe, Gr. &?;.]
 (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Scolopacidæ, or Snipe family.

 ||Scol'o*pen"dra (?), n. [L., a kind of multiped, fr. Gr. &?;.]
 1. (Zoöl.) A genus of venomous myriapods including the centipeds. See Centiped.

2. A sea fish. [R.] Spenser.
 Scol'o*pen"drine (?), a. (Zoöl.) Like or pertaining to the Scolopendra.

 Scol"y*tid (?), n. [Gr. &?; to cut short.] (Zoöl.)
 Any one of numerous species of small bark-boring beetles of the genus Scolytus and allied genera. Also used adjectively.

 ||Scom"ber (?), n. [L., a mackerel, Gr. &?;.] (Zoöl.)
 A genus of acanthopterygious fishes which includes the common mackerel.

 Scom"ber*oid (?), a. & n. [Cf. F. scombéroïde.]
 (Zoöl.) Same as Scombroid.

 ||Scom'bri*for"mes (skm'br*fôr"mz), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.)
 A division of fishes including the mackerels, tunnies, and allied fishes.

 Scom"broid (skm"broid), a. [Scomber + -oid.] (Zoöl.)
 Like or pertaining to the Mackerel family. -- n. Any fish of the family Scombridæ, of which the mackerel (Scomber) is the type.

 Scom"fish (skm"fsh or skm"- ), v. t. & i. To suffocate or stifle; to smother. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

 Scom"fit (skm"fy), n. & v. Discomfit. [Obs.]

 Scomm (skm), n. [L. scomma a taunt, jeer, scoff, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to mock, scoff at.] 1. A buffoon. [Obs.] L'Estrange.
2. A flout; a jeer; a gibe; a taunt. [Obs.] Fotherby.
 Sconce (?), n. [D. schans, OD. schantse, perhaps from OF. esconse a hiding place, akin to esconser to hide, L. absconsus, p. p. of abscondere. See Abscond, and cf. Ensconce, Sconce a candlestick.] 1. A fortification, or work for defense; a fort.

 No sconce or fortress of his raising was ever known either to have been forced, or yielded up, or quitted.

Milton.
2. A hut for protection and shelter; a stall.

 One that... must raise a sconce by the highway and sell switches.

Beau. & Fl.
3. A piece of armor for the head; headpiece; helmet.

 I must get a sconce for my head.

Shak.
4. Fig.: The head; the skull; also, brains; sense; discretion.
 [Colloq.]

 To knock him about the sconce with a dirty shovel.

Shak.
5. A poll tax; a mulct or fine. Johnson.
6. [OF. esconse a dark lantern, properly, a hiding place.
 See Etymol. above.] A protection for a light; a lantern or cased support for a candle; hence, a fixed hanging or projecting candlestick.

 Tapers put into lanterns or sconces of severalcolored, oiled paper, that the wind might not annoy them.

Evelyn.
 Golden sconces hang not on the walls.

Dryden.
7. Hence, the circular tube, with a brim, in a candlestick, into which the candle is inserted.

8. (Arch.) A squinch.

9. A fragment of a floe of ice. Kane.
10. [Perhaps a different word.] A fixed seat or shelf. [Prov. Eng.]

 Sconce, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sconced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sconcing.] 1. To shut up in a sconce; to imprison; to insconce. [Obs.]

 Immure him, sconce him, barricade him in 't.

Marston.
2. To mulct; to fine. [Obs.] Milton.
 Scon"cheon (?), n. (Arch.) A squinch.

 Scone (?), n. A cake, thinner than a bannock, made of wheat or barley or oat meal. [Written various


n. [Cf. F. probabilisme.] The doctrine of the probabilists.

 Prob"a*bil*ist, n. [Cf. F. probabiliste.]

1. One who maintains that certainty is impossible, and that probability alone is to govern our faith and actions.

2. (Casuistry) One who maintains that a man may do that which has a probability of being right, or which is inculcated by teachers of authority, although other opinions may seem to him still more probable.

 Prob'a*bil"i*ty, n.; pl. Probabilities (#). [L. probabilitas: cf. F. probabilité.]

1. The quality or state of being probable; appearance of reality or truth; reasonable ground of presumption; likelihood.

Probability is the appearance of the agreement or disagreement of two ideas, by the intervention of proofs whose connection is not constant, but appears for the most part to be so.

Locke.
2. That which is or appears probable; anything that has the appearance of reality or truth.

 The whole life of man is a perpetual comparison of evidence and balancing of probabilities.

Buckminster.
 We do not call for evidence till antecedent probabilities fail.

J. H. Newman.
3. (Math.) Likelihood of the occurrence of any event in the doctrine of chances, or the ratio of the number of favorable chances to the whole number of chances, favorable and unfavorable. See 1st Chance, n., 5.

Syn. -- Likeliness; credibleness; likelihood; chance.

 Prob"a*ble (?), a. [L. probabilis, fr. probare to try, approve, prove: cf. F. probable. See Prove, and cf. Provable.]

1. Capable of being proved. [Obs.]

2. Having more evidence for than against; supported by evidence which inclines the mind to believe, but leaves some room for doubt; likely.

 That is accounted probable which has better arguments producible for it than can be brought against it.

South.
 I do not say that the principles of religion are merely probable; I have before asserted them to be morally certain.

Bp. Wilkins.
 3. Rendering probable; supporting, or giving ground for, belief, but not demonstrating; as, probable evidence; probable presumption. Blackstone.
Probable cause (Law), a reasonable ground of presumption that a charge is, or my be, well founded. - - Probable error (of an observation, or of the mean of a number), that within which, taken positively and negatively, there is an even chance that the real error shall lie. Thus, if 3″ is the probable error in a given case, the chances that the real error is greater than 3″ are equal to the chances that it is less. The probable error is computed from the observations made, and is used to express their degree of accuracy. -- The probable, that which is within the bounds of probability; that which is not unnatural or preternatural; -- opposed to the marvelous.

 Prob"a*bly (?), adv. In a probable manner; in likelihood.

 Distinguish between what may possibly and what will probably be done.

L'Estrange.
 Pro"ba*cy (?), n. [See Probate.] Proof; trial. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Pro"bal (?), a. Approved; probable. [Obs.] Shak.
 Pro*bal"i*ty (?), n. Probability. [Obs.] "With as great probality."
 Holland.
 Pro"bang (?), n. [See Probe.] A slender elastic rod, as of whalebone, with a sponge on the end, for removing obstructions from the esophagus, etc.

 Pro"bate (?), n. [From L. probatus, p. p. of probare to prove. See Prove.]

1. Proof. [Obs.] Skelton.
2. (Law) (a) Official proof; especially, the proof before a competent officer or tribunal that an instrument offered, purporting to be the last will and testament of a person deceased, is indeed his lawful act; the copy of a will proved, under the seal of the Court of Probate, delivered to the executors with a certificate of its having been proved. Bouvier. Burrill. (b) The right or jurisdiction of proving wills.

 Pro"bate, a. Of or belonging to a probate, or court of probate; as, a probate record.

Probate Court, or Court of Probate, a court for the probate of wills. -- Probate duty, a government tax on property passing by will. [Eng.]

 Pro"bate (?), v. t. To obtain the official approval of, as of an instrument purporting to be the last will and testament; as, the executor has probated the will.

 Pro*ba"tion (?), n. [L. probatio, fr. probare to try, examine, prove: cf. F. probation. See Prove.]

1. The act of proving; also, that which proves anything; proof.
 [Obs.]

 When by miracle God dispensed great gifts to the laity,... he gave probation that he intended that all should prophesy and preach.

Jer. Taylor.
2. Any proceeding designed to ascertain truth, to determine character, qualification, etc.; examination; trial; as, to engage a person on probation. Hence, specifically: (a) The novitiate which a person must pass in a convent, to probe his or her virtue and ability to bear the severities of the rule. (b) The trial of a ministerial candidate's qualifications prior to his ordination, or to his settlement as a pastor. (c) Moral trial; the state of man in the present life, in which he has the opportunity of proving his character, and becoming qualified for a happier state.

 No [view of human life] seems so reasonable as that which regards it as a state of probation.

Paley.
 Pro*ba"tion*al (?), a. Probationary.

 Pro*ba"tion*a*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to probation; serving for trial.

 To consider this life... as a probationary state.

Paley.
 Pro*ba"tion*er (?), n.
1. One who is undergoing probation; one who is on trial; a novice.

 While yet a young probationer, And candidate of heaven.

Dryden.
2. A student in divinity, who, having received certificates of good morals and qualifications from his university, is admitted to several trials by a presbytery, and, on acquitting himself well, is licensed to preach. [Scot.]

 Pro*ba"tion*er*ship, n. The state of being a probationer; novitiate. Locke.
 Pro*ba"tion*ship, n. A state of probation.

 Pro"ba*tive (?), a. [L. probativus: cf. F. probatif.]
 Serving for trial or proof; probationary; as, probative judgments; probative evidence. South.
 Pro*ba"tor (?), n. [L.] 1. An examiner; an approver. Maydman.
2. (O. Eng. Law) One who, when indicted for crime, confessed it, and accused others, his accomplices, in order to obtain pardon; a state's evidence.

 Pro"ba*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. probatoire.] 1. Serving for trial; probationary. Abp. Bramhall.
2. Pertaining to, or serving for, proof. Jer. Taylor.
Probatory term (Law), a time for taking testimony.

 Probe (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Probed (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Probing.] [L. probare to try, examine. See Prove.]


[FN#472] This is the date of the Paris edition. There was an earlier edition published at La Haye in 1743.
[FN#473] There are two other Oriental romances by Voltaire; viz., Babouc, and the Princess of Babylon.


printing house, and that famous letter so much esteemed.

Evelyn.
6. pl. Learning; erudition; as, a man of letters.

7. pl. A letter; an epistle. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Dead letter, Drop letter, etc. See under Dead, Drop, etc. -- Letter book, a book in which copies of letters are kept. -- Letter box, a box for the reception of letters to be mailed or delivered. -- Letter carrier, a person who carries letters; a postman; specif., an officer of the post office who carries letters to the persons to whom they are addressed, and collects letters to be mailed. -- Letter cutter, one who engraves letters or letter punches. -- Letter lock, a lock that can not be opened when fastened, unless certain movable lettered rings or disks forming a part of it are in such a position (indicated by a particular combination of the letters) as to permit the bolt to be withdrawn.

 A strange lock that opens with AMEN.

Beau. & Fl.
 -- Letter paper, paper for writing letters on; especially, a size of paper intermediate between note paper and foolscap. See Paper. -- Letter punch, a steel punch with a letter engraved on the end, used in making the matrices for type. -- Letters of administration (Law), the instrument by which an administrator or administratrix is authorized to administer the goods and estate of a deceased person. -- Letter of attorney, Letter of credit, etc. See under Attorney, Credit, etc. -- Letter of license, a paper by which creditors extend a debtor's time for paying his debts. -- Letters close or clause (Eng.
 Law.), letters or writs directed to particular persons for particular purposes, and hence closed or sealed on the outside; -- distinguished from letters patent. Burrill. -- Letters of orders (Eccl.), a document duly signed and sealed, by which a bishop makes it known that he has regularly ordained a certain person as priest, deacon, etc. -- Letters patent, overt, or open (Eng. Law), a writing executed and sealed, by which power and authority are granted to a person to do some act, or enjoy some right; as, letters patent under the seal of England. -- Letter-sheet envelope, a stamped sheet of letter paper issued by the government, prepared to be folded and sealed for transmission by mail without an envelope. -- Letters testamentary (Law), an instrument granted by the proper officer to an executor after probate of a will, authorizing him to act as executor. -- Letter writer. (a) One who writes letters. (b) A machine for copying letters. (c) A book giving directions and forms for the writing of letters.

 Let"ter (lt"tr), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lettered (-trd); p. pr. & vb. n. Lettering.] To impress with letters; to mark with letters or words; as, a book gilt and lettered.

 Let"tered (lt"trd), a. 1. Literate; educated; versed in literature. " Are you not lettered?" Shak.
 The unlettered barbarians willingly accepted the aid of the lettered clergy, still chiefly of Roman birth, to reduce to writing the institutes of their forefathers.

Milman.
2. Of or pertaining to learning or literature; learned. " A lettered education." Collier.
3. Inscribed or stamped with letters. Addison.
 Let"ter*er (lt"tr*r), n. One who makes, inscribes, or engraves, alphabetical letters.

 Let"ter*ing, n. 1. The act or business of making, or marking with, letters, as by cutting or painting.

2. The letters made; as, the lettering of a sign.

 Let"ter*less (lt"tr*ls), a. 1. Not having a letter.

2. Illiterate. [Obs.] E. Waterhouse.
 Let"tern (lt"trn), n. See Lecturn.

 Let"ter*press' (-tr*prs'), n. Print; letters and words impressed on paper or other material by types; -- often used of the reading matter in distinction from the illustrations.

 Letterpress printing, printing directly from type, in distinction from printing from plates.

 Let"ter*ure (-r), n. Letters; literature. [Obs.] "To teach him letterure and courtesy." Chaucer.
 Let"ter*wood' (-wd'), n. (Bot.) The beautiful and highly elastic wood of a tree of the genus Brosimum (B. Aubletii), found in Guiana; -- so called from black spots in it which bear some resemblance to hieroglyphics; also called snakewood, and leopardwood.
 It is much used for bows and for walking sticks.

 Let"tic (lt"tk), a. (a) Of or pertaining to the Letts; Lettish. (b) Of or pertaining to a branch of the Slavic family, subdivided into Lettish, Lithuanian, and Old Prussian. -- n. (a) The language of the Letts; Lettish. (b) The language of the Lettic race, including Lettish, Lithuanian, and Old Prussian.

 Let"tish (lt"tsh), a. Of or pertaining to the Letts. -- n. The language spoken by the Letts. See Lettic.

 Let"trure (-trr), n. See Letterure. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Letts (lts), n. pl.; sing. Lett (lt). (Ethnol.) An Indo-European people, allied to the Lithuanians and Old Prussians, and inhabiting a part of the Baltic provinces of Russia.

 Let"tuce (lt"ts), n. [OE. letuce, prob. through Old French from some Late Latin derivative of L. lactuca lettuce, which, according to Varro, is fr. lac, lactis, milk, on account of the milky white juice which flows from it when it is cut: cf. F. laitue.
 Cf. Lacteal, Lactucic.] (Bot.) A composite plant of the genus Lactuca (L. sativa), the leaves of which are used as salad. Plants of this genus yield a milky juice, from which lactucarium is obtained. The commonest wild lettuce of the United States is L. Canadensis.

Hare's lettuce, Lamb's lettuce. See under Hare, and Lamb. - - Lettuce opium. See Lactucarium. - - Sea lettuce, certain papery green seaweeds of the genus Ulva.

 Let"u*a*ry (lt"**r), n. Electuary. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Let"-up' (lt"p'), n. [See Let to forbear.] Abatement; also, cessation; as, it blew a gale for three days without any let-up.
 [Colloq.]

 Leuc- (lk-). Same as Leuco-.

 ||Leu'ca*den"dron (l'k*dn"drn), n. [NL., fr. Gr. leyko's white + de'ndron tree.] (Bot.) A genus of evergreen shrubs from the Cape of Good Hope, having handsome foliage. Leucadendron argenteum is the silverboom of the colonists.

 Leu*can"i*line (l*kn"*ln or -ln), n. [Leuc- + aniline.]
 (Chem.) A colorless, crystalline, organic base, obtained from rosaniline by reduction, and also from other sources. It forms colorless salts.

 ||Leu*chæ"mi*a (l*k"m*), n. [NL., fr. Gr. leyko's white + a"i^ma blood.] (Med.) See Leucocythæmia. -- Leu*chæm"ic (l*


a double process necessary. Knowing the action of sulphides, the manner or the mode of formation of a portion at least of these nuggets seems apparent. Conceive a stream or river fed by springs rising in a country intersected by auriferous reefs, and consequently in this case carrying gold in solution; the drift of such a country must be to a greater or lesser extent pyritous, so that the debris forming the beds of these streams or rivers will certainly contain nodules of such matters disseminated or even stopping them in actual contact with the flow of water. It follows, then, from what has been previously affirmed, that there will be a reduction of gold by these nodules, and that the metal thus reduced will be firmly attached to them, at first in minute spangles isolated from each other, but afterwards accumulating and connecting in a gradual manner at that point of the pyritous mass most subject to the current until a continuous film of some size appears. This being formed the pyrites and gold are to a certain extent polarised, the film or irregular but connected mass of gold forming the negative, and the pyrites the positive end of a voltaic pair; and so according as the polarisation is advanced to completion the further deposition of gold is changed in its manner from an indiscriminate to an orderly and selective deposition concentrated upon the negative or gold plate. The deposition of gold being thus controlled, its loss by dispersion or from the crumbling away of the sustaining pyrites is nearly or quite prevented, a conservative effect which we could scarcely expect to obtain if organic matter were the reducing agent. Meanwhile there is a gradual wasting away of the pyrites or positive pole, its sulphur being oxidised to sulphuric acid and its iron to sesquioxide of iron, or hematite, a substance very generally associated with gold nuggets. According to the original size of the pyritous mass, the protection it receives from the action of oxidising substances other than gold, the strength of the gold solution, length of exposure to it, the rate of supply and velocity of stream, will be the size of the gold nugget. As to the size of a pyritous mass necessary to produce in this manner a large nugget, it is by no means considerable. A mass of common pyrites (bisulphide of iron) weighing only 12 lbs. is competent for the construction of the famous 'Welcome Nugget,' an Australian find having weight equal to 152 lbs. avoirdupois. Such masses of pyrites are by no means uncommon in our drifts or the beds of our mountain streams. Thus we find that no straining of the imagination is required to conceive of this mode of formation for the huge masses of gold found in Australia in particular, such as the Welcome Nugget, 184 lbs. 9 oz.; the Welcome Stranger, a surface nugget, 190 lbs. after smelting; the Braidwood specimen nugget, 350 lbs., two-thirds gold; besides many other large masses of almost virgin gold which have been obtained from time to time in the alluvial diggings."

 The author has made a number of experiments in the same direction, but more with the idea of demonstrating how possibly gold may in certain cases have been deposited in siliceous formations after such formations had solidified. Some of the results were remarkable and indeed unexpected. I found that I could produce artificial specimens of auriferous quartz from stone which had previously contained no gold whatever, also that it was not absolutely necessary that the stone so treated should contain any metallic sulphides.

 The following was contributed by the author and is from the "Transactions" of the Australasian Institute of Mining Engineers for 1893:— "THE DEPOSITION OF GOLD.

 "The question as to how gold was originally deposited in our auriferous lodes is one to which a large amount of attention has been given, both by mineralogists and practical miners, and which has been hotly argued by those who held the igneous theory and those who pronounced for the aqueous theory. It was held by the former that as gold was not probably existent in nature in any but its metallic form, therefore it had been deposited in its siliceous matrix while in a molten state, and many ingenious arguments were adduced in support of this contention. Of late, however, most scientific men, and indeed many purely empirical inquirers (using the word empirical in its strict sense) have come to the conclusion that though the mode in which they were composed was not always identical, all lodes, including auriferous formations, were primarily derived from mineral-impregnated waters which deposited their contents in fissures caused either by the cooling of the earth's crust or by volcanic agency.

 "The subject is one which has long had a special attraction for the writer, who has published several articles thereon, wherein it was contended that not only was gold deposited in the lodes from aqueous solution, but that some gold found in form of nuggets had not been derived from lodes but was nascent in its alluvial bed; and for this proof was afforded by the fact that certain nuggets have been unearthed having the shape of an adjacent pebble or angular fragment of stone indented in them.
 Moreover, no true nugget of any great size has ever been found in a lode such as the Welcome, 2159 oz., or the Welcome Stranger, 2280 oz.; while it was accidentally discovered some years ago that gold could be induced to deposit itself from its mineral salt to the metallic state on any suitable base, such as iron sulphide.

 "Following out this fact, I have experimented with various salts of gold, and have obtained some very remarkable results. I have found it practicable to produce most natural looking specimens of auriferous quartz from stone which previously, as proved by assay, contained no gold whatever. Moreover, the gold, which penetrates the stone in a thorough manner, assumes some of the more natural forms. It is always more or less mammillary, but at times, owing to causes which I have not yet quite satisfied myself upon, is decidedly dendroidal, as may be seen in one of the specimens which I have submitted to members. Moreover, I find it possible to moderate the colour and to produce a specimen in which the gold shall be as ruddy yellow as in the ferro-oxide gangue of Mount Morgan, or to tone it to the pale primrose hue of the product of the Croydon mines.

 "I note that the action of the bath in which the stone is treated has a particularly disintegrating effect on many of the specimens. Some, which before immersion were of a particularly flinty texture, became in a few weeks so friable that they could be broken up by the fingers. So far as my experiments have extended they have proved this, that it was not essential that the silica and gold should have been deposited at the one time in auriferous lodes. A non-auriferous siliceous solution may have filled a fissure, and, after solidifying, some volcanic disturbance may have forced water impregnated with a gold salt through the interstices of the lode formation, when, if the conditions were favourable, the gold would be deposited in metallic forms. I prefer, for reasons which will probably be understood, not to say exactly by what process my results are obtained, but submit specimens for examination.

 "(1) Piece of previously non-gold bearing stone. Locality near Adelaide, now showing gold freely in mammillary and dendroidal form.

 "(2) Stone from New South Wales, showing gold artificially introduced in interstices and on face.

 "(3) Stone from West Australia, very glassy looking, now thoroughly impregnated with gold; the mammillary formation being particularly noticeable.

 "(4) Somewhat laminated quartz from Victoria, containing a little antimony sulphide. In this specimen the gold not only shows on the surface but penetrates each of the laminations, as is proved by breaking.

 "(5) Consists of fragments of crystallised carbonate of lime from Tarrawingee, in which the gold is deposited in spots, in appearance like ferrous oxide, until submitted to the magnifying glass.

 "The whole subject is worthy of much more time than I can possibly give it. The importance lies in this: That having found how the much desired metal may have been deposited in its matrix, the knowledge should help to suggest how it may be economically extracted therefrom."

 A very remarkable


BLACK BEAUTY The Autobiography of a Horse by Anna Sewell [English Quaker — _PHONE_.]

CONTENTS BLACK BEAUTY Part I 01 My Early Home 02 The Hunt 03 My Breaking In 04 Birtwick Park 05 A Fair Start 06 Liberty 07 Ginger 08 Ginger's Story Continued 09 Merrylegs 10 A Talk in the Orchard 11 Plain Speaking 12 A Stormy Day 13 The Devil's Trade Mark 14 James Howard 15 The Old Hostler 16 The Fire 17 John Manly's Talk 18 Going for the Doctor 19 Only Ignorance 20 Joe Green 21 The Parting Part II 22 Earlshall 23 A Strike for Liberty 24 The Lady Anne, or a Runaway Horse 25 Reuben Smith 26 How it Ended 27 Ruined and Going Downhill 28 A Job Horse and His Drivers 29 Cockneys 30 A Thief 31 A Humbug Part III 32 A Horse Fair 33 A London Cab Horse 34 An Old War Horse 35 Jerry Barker 36 The Sunday Cab 37 The Golden Rule 38 Dolly and a Real Gentleman 39 Seedy Sam 40 Poor Ginger 41 The Butcher 42 The Election 43 A Friend in Need 44 Old Captain and His Successor 45 Jerry's New Year Part IV 46 Jakes and the Lady 47 Hard Times 48 Farmer Thoroughgood and His Grandson Willie 49 My Last Home Black Beauty Part I 01 My Early Home The first place that I can well remember was a large pleasant meadow with a pond of clear water in it. Some shady trees leaned over it, and rushes and water-lilies grew at the deep end. Over the hedge on one side we looked into a plowed field, and on the other we looked over a gate at our master's house, which stood by the roadside; at the top of the meadow was a grove of fir trees, and at the bottom a running brook overhung by a steep bank.

 While I was young I lived upon my mother's milk, as I could not eat grass.
 In the daytime I ran by her side, and at night I lay down close by her.
 When it was hot we used to stand by the pond in the shade of the trees, and when it was cold we had a nice warm shed near the grove.

 As soon as I was old enough to eat grass my mother used to go out to work in the daytime, and come back in the evening.

 There were six young colts in the meadow besides me; they were older than I was; some were nearly as large as grown-up horses. I used to run with them, and had great fun; we used to gallop all together round and round the field as hard as we could go. Sometimes we had rather rough play, for they would frequently bite and kick as well as gallop.

 One day, when there was a good deal of kicking, my mother whinnied to me to come to her, and then she said: "I wish you to pay attention to what I am going to say to you. The colts who live here are very good colts, but they are cart-horse colts, and of course they have not learned manners. You have been well-bred and well-born; your father has a great name in these parts, and your grandfather won the cup two years at the Newmarket races; your grandmother had the sweetest temper of any horse I ever knew, and I think you have never seen me kick or bite. I hope you will grow up gentle and good, and never learn bad ways; do your work with a good will, lift your feet up well when you trot, and never bite or kick even in play." I have never forgotten my mother's advice; I knew she was a wise old horse, and our master thought a great deal of her. Her name was Duchess, but he often called her Pet.

 Our master was a good, kind man. He gave us good food, good lodging, and kind words; he spoke as kindly to us as he did to his little children. We were all fond of him, and my mother loved him very much. When she saw him at the gate she would neigh with joy, and trot up to him. He would pat and stroke her and say, "Well, old Pet, and how is your little Darkie?" I was a dull black, so he called me Darkie; then he would give me a piece of bread, which was very good, and sometimes he brought a carrot for my mother. All the horses would come to him, but I think we were his favorites. My mother always took him to the town on a market day in a light gig.

 There was a plowboy, Dick, who sometimes came into our field to pluck blackberries from the hedge. When he had eaten all he wanted he would have what he called fun with the colts, throwing stones and sticks at them to make them gallop. We did not much mind him, for we could gallop off; but sometimes a stone would hit and hurt us.

 One day he was at this game, and did not know that the master was in the next field; but he was there, watching what was going on; over the hedge he jumped in a snap, and catching Dick by the arm, he gave him such a box on the ear as made him roar with the pain and surprise. As soon as we saw the master we trotted up nearer to see what went on.

 "Bad boy!" he said, "bad boy! to chase the colts. This is not the first time, nor the second, but it shall be the last. There—take your money and go home; I shall not want you on my farm again." So we never saw Dick any more. Old Daniel, the man who looked after the horses, was just as gentle as our master, so we were well off.

 02 The Hunt Before I was two years old a circumstance happened which I have never forgotten. It was early in the spring; there had been a little frost in the night, and a light mist still hung over the woods and meadows. I and the other colts were feeding at the lower part of the field when we heard, quite in the distance, what sounded like the cry of dogs. The oldest of the colts raised his head, pricked his ears, and said, "There are the hounds!" and immediately cantered off, followed by the rest of us to the upper part of the field, where we could look over the hedge and see several fields beyond. My mother and an old riding horse of our master's were also standing near, and seemed to know all about it.

 "They have found a hare," said my mother, "and if they come this way we shall see the hunt." And soon the dogs were all tearing down the field of young wheat next to ours. I never heard such a noise as they made. They did not bark, nor howl, nor whine, but kept on a "yo! yo, o, o


. t. [imp. & p. p. Clanged (klngd); p. pr. & vb. n. Clanging.] [L. clangere; akin to Gr. kla'zein to clash, scream; or perh. to E. clank.] To strike together so as to produce a ringing metallic sound.

 The fierce Caretes... clanged their sounding arms. Prior.
 Clang, v. i. To give out a clang; to resound. "Clanging hoofs." Tennyson.
 Clang, n. 1. A loud, ringing sound, like that made by metallic substances when clanged or struck together.

 The broadsword's deadly clang, As if a thousand anvils rang.
Sir W. Scott.
2. (Mus.) Quality of tone.

 Clan"gor (kl"gr), n. [L., fr. clangere. See Clang, v. t.]
 A sharp, harsh, ringing sound. Dryden.
 Clan"gor*ous (?), a. [LL. clangorosus.] Making a clangor; having a ringing, metallic sound.

 Clan"gous (?), a. Making a clang, or a ringing metallic sound.
 [Obs.]

 Clan*jam"frie (?), n. Same as Clamjamphrie. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
 Clank (klk), n. [Akin to clink, and of imitative origin; cf.
 G. klang sound, D. klank. Cf. Clang.] A sharp, brief, ringing sound, made by a collision of metallic or other sonorous bodies; -- usually expressing a duller or less resounding sound than clang, and a deeper and stronger sound than clink.

 But not in chains to pine, His spirit withered with tyeur clank.
Byron.
 Clank, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clanked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Clanking.] To cause to sound with a clank; as, the prisoners clank their chains.

 Clank, v. i. To sound with a clank.

 Clank"less, a. Without a clank. Byreon.
 Clan"nish (?), a. Of or pertaining to a clan; closely united, like a clan; disposed to associate only with one's clan or clique; actuated by the traditions, prejudices, habits, etc., of a clan.

 -- Clan"nish*ly, adv. -- Clan"nish*ness, n. Clan"ship, n. A state of being united together as in a clan; an association under a chieftain.

 Clans"man (?), n.; pl. Clansmen (#). One belonging to the same clan with another.

 Clap (klp), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clapped (klpt); p. pr. & vb. n. Clapping.] [AS. clappan; akin to Icel. & Sw. klappa, D, klappen, to clap, prate, G. klaffen, v. i., to split open, yelp, klopfen, v. t. & i., to knock.] 1.
 To strike; to slap; to strike, or strike together, with a quick motion, so, as to make a sharp noise; as, to clap one's hands; a clapping of wings.

 Then like a bird it sits and sings, And whets and claps its silver wings. Marvell.
2. To thrust, drive, put, or close, in a hasty or abrupt manner; -- often followed by to, into, on, or upon.

 He had just time to get in and clap to the door. Locke Clap an extinguaisher upon your irony. Lamb.
3. To manifest approbation of, by striking the hands together; to applaud; as, to clap a performance.

To clap hands. (a) To pledge faith by joining hands. [Obs.]
 Shak. (b) To express contempt or derision. [Obs.] Lam.
 ii. 15. -- To clap hold of, to seize roughly or quickly. -- To clap up. (a) To imprison hastily or without due formality. (b) To make or contrive hastily. [Obs.] "Was ever match clapped up so suddenly?" Shak.
 Clap (?), v. i. 1. To knock, as at a door. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. To strike the hands together in applause.

 Their ladies bid them clap. Shak.
3. To come together suddenly with noise.

 The doors around me clapped. Dryden.
4. To enter with alacrity and briskness; -- with to or into.
 [Obs.] "Shall we clap into it roundly, without... saying we are hoarse?" Shak.
5. To talk noisily; to chatter loudly. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Clap (klp), n. 1. A loud noise made by sudden collision; a bang. "Give the door such a clap, as you go out, as will shake the whole room." Swift.
2. A burst of sound; a sudden explosion.

 Horrible claps of thunder. Hakewill.
3. A single, sudden act or motion; a stroke; a blow.

 What, fifty of my followers at a clap! Shak.
4. A striking of hands to express approbation.

 Unextrected claps or hisses. Addison.
5. Noisy talk; chatter. [Obs.] Chaucer.
6. (Falconry) The nether part of the beak of a hawk.

Clap dish. See Clack dish, under Clack, n. -- Clap net, a net for taking birds, made to close or clap together.

 Clap (?), n. [Cf. OF. clapoir.] Gonorrhea.

 Clap"board (?), n. 1. A narrow board, thicker at one edge than at the other; -- used for weatherboarding the outside of houses. [U.
 S.]

2. A stave for a cask. [Eng.] Halliwell.
 Clap"board, v. t. To cover with clapboards; as, to clapboard the sides of a house. [U. S.] Bartlett.
 { Clap"bread' (?), Clap"cake' (?) }, n. Oatmeal cake or bread clapped or beaten till it is thin. [Obs.] Halliwell.
 Clape (?), n. (Zoöl.) A bird; the flicker.

 Clap"per (?), n. 1. A person who claps.

2. That which strikes or claps, as the tongue of a bell, or the piece of wood that strikes a mill hopper, etc. See Illust. of Bell.

Clapper rail (Zoöl.), an Americam species of rail (Rallus scepitans).

 Clap"per, n. [F. clapier.] A rabbit burrow. [Obs.]

 Clap"per*claw (klp"pr*kl), v. t. [Clap + claw.] 1.
 To fight and scratch. C. Smart.
2. To abuse with the tongue; to revile; to scold.

 Claps (klp), v. t. Variant of Clasp [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Clap"trap' (klp"trp'), n. 1. A contrivance for clapping in theaters. [Obs.]

2. A trick or device to gain applause; humbug.

 Clap"trap', a. Contrived for the purpose of making a show, or gaining applause; deceptive; unreal.

 ||Claque (?), n. [F.] A collection of persons employed to applaud at a theatrical exhibition.

 ||Cla'queur" (?), n. [F.] One of the claque employed to applaud at a theater.

 Clare (?), n. A nun of the order of St. Clare.

 Clar"ence (?), n. A close four-wheeled carriage,


[Illustration] Phantastes A Faerie Romance for Men and Women by George MacDonald A new Edition, with thirty-three new Illustrations by Arthur Hughes; edited by Greville MacDonald (Illustrations not available) "In good sooth, my masters, this is no door.
Yet is it a little window, that looketh upon a great world." Contents PREFACE PHANTASTES A FAERIE ROMANCE CHAPTER I. CHAPTER II.
 CHAPTER III.
 CHAPTER IV.
 CHAPTER V. CHAPTER VI.
 CHAPTER VII.
 CHAPTER VIII.
 CHAPTER IX.
 CHAPTER X. CHAPTER XI.
 CHAPTER XII.
 CHAPTER XIII.
 CHAPTER XIV.
 CHAPTER XV.
 CHAPTER XVI.
 CHAPTER XVII.
 CHAPTER XVIII.
 CHAPTER XIX.
 CHAPTER XX.
 CHAPTER XXI.
 CHAPTER XXII.
 CHAPTER XXIII.
 CHAPTER XXIV.
 CHAPTER XXV.
PREFACE For offering this new edition of my father's Phantastes, my reasons are three. The first is to rescue the work from an edition illustrated without the author's sanction, and so unsuitably that all lovers of the book must have experienced some real grief in turning its pages. With the copyright I secured also the whole of that edition and turned it into pulp.
My second reason is to pay a small tribute to my father by way of personal gratitude for this, his first prose work, which was published nearly fifty years ago. Though unknown to many lovers of his greater writings, none of these has exceeded it in imaginative insight and power of expression. To me it rings with the dominant chord of his life's purpose and work.
My third reason is that wider knowledge and love of the book should be made possible. To this end I have been most happy in the help of my father's old friend, who has illustrated the book. I know of no other living artist who is capable of portraying the spirit of Phantastes; and every reader of this edition will, I believe, feel that the illustrations are a part of the romance, and will gain through them some perception of the brotherhood between George MacDonald and Arthur Hughes.
GREVILLE MACDONALD.
September 1905.
PHANTASTES A FAERIE ROMANCE "Phantastes from 'their fount' all shapes deriving, In new habiliments can quickly dight." FLETCHER'S Purple Island Es lassen sich Erzählungen ohne Zusammenhang, jedoch mit Association, wie Träume, denken; Gedichte, die bloss wohlklingend und voll schöner Worte sind, aber auch ohne allen Sinn und Zusammenhang, höchstens einzelne Strophen verständlich, wie Bruchstücke aus den verschiedenartigsten Dingen. Diese wahre Poesie kann höchstens einen allegorischen Sinn in Grossen, und eine indirecte Wirkung, wie Musik, haben. Darum ist die Natur so rein poetisch, wie die Stube eines Zauberers, eines Physikers, eine Kinderstube, eine Polterund Vorrathskammer.
Ein Märchen ist wie ein Traumbild ohne Zusammenhang. Ein Ensemble wunderbarer Dinge und Begebenheiten, z. B. eine musikalische Phantasie, die harmonischen Folgen einer Aeolsharfe, die Natur selbst... In einem echten Märchen muss alles wunderbar, geheimnissvoll und zusammenhängend sein; alles belebt, jeder auf eine andere Art. Die ganze Natur muss wunderlich mit der ganzen Geisterwelt gemischt sein; hier tritt die Zeit der Anarchie, der Gesetzlosigkeit, Freiheit, der Naturstand der Natur, die Zeit von der Welt ein... Die Welt des Märchens ist die, der Welt der Wahrheit durchaus entgegengesetzte, und eben darum ihr so durchaus ähnlich, wie das Chaos der vollendeten Schöpfung ähnlich ist.--NOVALIS.
CHAPTER I "A spirit . . .
. . . . . .
The undulating and silent well, And rippling rivulet, and evening gloom, Now deepening the dark shades, for speech assuming, Held commune with him; as if he and it Were all that was." SHELLEY'S Alastor.
I awoke one morning with the usual perplexity of mind which accompanies the return of consciousness. As I lay and looked through the eastern window of my room, a faint streak of peach-colour, dividing a cloud that just rose above the low swell of the horizon, announced the approach of the sun. As my thoughts, which a deep and apparently dreamless sleep had dissolved, began again to assume crystalline forms, the strange events of the foregoing night presented themselves anew to my wondering consciousness. The day before had been my one-and-twentieth birthday. Among other ceremonies investing me with my legal rights, the keys of an old secretary, in which my father had kept his private papers, had been delivered up to me. As soon as I was left alone, I ordered lights in the chamber where the secretary stood, the first lights that had been there for many a year; for, since my father's death, the room had been left undisturbed. But, as if the darkness had been too long an inmate to be easily expelled, and had dyed with blackness the walls to which, bat-like, it had clung, these tapers served but ill to light up the gloomy hangings, and seemed to throw yet darker shadows into the hollows of the deep-wrought cornice. All the further portions of the room lay shrouded in a mystery whose deepest folds were gathered around the dark oak cabinet which I now approached with a strange mingling of reverence and curiosity. Perhaps, like a geologist, I was about to turn up to the light some of the buried strata of the human world, with its fossil remains charred by passion and petrified by tears.
Perhaps I was to learn how my father, whose personal history was unknown to me, had woven his web of story; how he had found the world, and how the world had left him. Perhaps I was to find only the records of lands and moneys, how gotten and how secured; coming down from strange men, and through troublous times, to me, who knew little or nothing of them all. To solve my speculations, and to dispel the awe which was fast gathering around me as if the dead were drawing near, I approached the secretary; and having found the key that fitted the upper portion, I opened it with some difficulty, drew near it a heavy high-backed chair, and sat down before a multitude of little drawers and slides and pigeon-holes. But the door of a little cupboard in the centre especially attracted my interest, as if there lay the secret of this long-hidden world.
Its key I found.
One of the rusty hinges cracked and broke as I opened the door: it revealed a number of small pigeon-holes. These, however, being but shallow compared with the depth of those around the little cupboard, the outer ones reaching to the back of the desk, I concluded that there must be some accessible space behind; and found, indeed, that they were formed in a separate framework, which admitted of the whole being pulled out in one piece. Behind, I found a sort of flexible portcullis of small bars of wood laid close together horizontally.
After long search, and trying many ways to move it, I discovered at last a scarcely projecting point of steel on one side. I pressed this repeatedly and hard with the point of an old tool that was lying near, till at length it yielded inwards; and the little slide, flying up suddenly, disclosed a chamber—empty, except that in one corner lay a little heap of withered rose-leaves, whose long-lived scent had long since departed; and, in another, a small packet of papers, tied with a bit of ribbon, whose colour had gone with the rose-scent. Almost fearing to touch them, they witnessed so mutely to the law of oblivion, I leaned back in my chair, and regarded them for a moment; when suddenly there stood on the threshold of the little chamber, as though she had just emerged from its depth, a tiny woman-form, as perfect in shape as if she had been a small Greek statuette roused to life and motion


GETTING MARRIED Preface To "Getting Married" By Bernard Shaw 1908 CONTENTS PREFACE TO GETTING MARRIED THE REVOLT AGAINST MARRIAGE MARRIAGE NEVERTHELESS INEVITABLE WHAT DOES THE WORD MARRIAGE MEAN SURVIVALS OF SEX SLAVERY A NEW ATTACK ON MARRIAGE A FORGOTTEN CONFERENCE OF MARRIED MEN HEARTH AND HOME TOO MUCH OF A GOOD THING LARGE AND SMALL FAMILIES THE GOSPEL OF LAODICEA FOR BETTER FOR WORSE WANTED: AN IMMORAL STATESMAN THE LIMITS OF DEMOCRACY THE SCIENCE AND ART OF POLITICS WHY STATESMEN SHIRK THE MARRIAGE QUESTION THE QUESTION OF POPULATION THE RIGHT TO MOTHERHOOD MONOGAMY, POLYGYNY AND POLYANDRY THE MALE REVOLT AGAINST POLYGYNY DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ORIENTAL AND OCCIDENTAL POLYGYNY THE OLD MAID'S RIGHT TO MOTHERHOOD IBSEN'S CHAIN STITCH REMOTENESS OF THE FACTS FROM THE IDEAL DIFFICULTY OF OBTAINING EVIDENCE MARRIAGE AS A MAGIC SPELL THE IMPERSONALITY OF SEX THE ECONOMIC SLAVERY OF WOMEN UNPOPULARITY OF IMPERSONAL VIEWS IMPERSONALITY IS NOT PROMISCUITY DOMESTIC CHANGE OF AIR HOME MANNERS ARE BAD MANNERS SPURIOUS "NATURAL" AFFECTION CARRYING THE WAR INTO THE ENEMY'S COUNTRY SHELLEY AND QUEEN VICTORIA A PROBABLE EFFECT OF GIVING WOMEN THE VOTE THE PERSONAL SENTIMENTAL BASIS OF MONOGAMY DIVORCE IMPORTANCE OF SENTIMENTAL GRIEVANCE DIVORCE WITHOUT ASKING WHY ECONOMIC SLAVERY AGAIN THE ROOT DIFFICULTY LABOR EXCHANGES AND THE WHITE SLAVERY CHRISTIAN MARRIAGE DIVORCE A SACRAMENTAL DUTY OTHELLO AND DESDEMONA WHAT IS TO BECOME OF THE CHILDREN?
 THE COST OF DIVORCE CONCLUSIONS GETTING MARRIED PREFACE TO GETTING MARRIED THE REVOLT AGAINST MARRIAGE There is no subject on which more dangerous nonsense is talked and thought than marriage. If the mischief stopped at talking and thinking it would be bad enough; but it goes further, into disastrous anarchical action.
 Because our marriage law is inhuman and unreasonable to the point of downright abomination, the bolder and more rebellious spirits form illicit unions, defiantly sending cards round to their friends announcing what they have done. Young women come to me and ask me whether I think they ought to consent to marry the man they have decided to live with; and they are perplexed and astonished when I, who am supposed (heaven knows why!)
 to have the most advanced views attainable on the subject, urge them on no account to compromize themselves without the security of an authentic wedding ring. They cite the example of George Eliot, who formed an illicit union with Lewes. They quote a saying attributed to Nietzsche, that a married philosopher is ridiculous, though the men of their choice are not philosophers. When they finally give up the idea of reforming our marriage institutions by private enterprise and personal righteousness, and consent to be led to the Registry or even to the altar, they insist on first arriving at an explicit understanding that both parties are to be perfectly free to sip every flower and change every hour, as their fancy may dictate, in spite of the legal bond. I do not observe that their unions prove less monogamic than other people's: rather the contrary, in fact; consequently, I do not know whether they make less fuss than ordinary people when either party claims the benefit of the treaty; but the existence of the treaty shews the same anarchical notion that the law can be set aside by any two private persons by the simple process of promising one another to ignore it.

 MARRIAGE NEVERTHELESS INEVITABLE Now most laws are, and all laws ought to be, stronger than the strongest individual. Certainly the marriage law is. The only people who successfully evade it are those who actually avail themselves of its shelter by pretending to be married when they are not, and by Bohemians who have no position to lose and no career to be closed. In every other case open violation of the marriage laws means either downright ruin or such inconvenience and disablement as a prudent man or woman would get married ten times over rather than face. And these disablements and inconveniences are not even the price of freedom; for, as Brieux has shewn so convincingly in Les Hannetons, an avowedly illicit union is often found in practice to be as tyrannical and as hard to escape from as the worst legal one.

 We may take it then that when a joint domestic establishment, involving questions of children or property, is contemplated, marriage is in effect compulsory upon all normal people; and until the law is altered there is nothing for us but to make the best of it as it stands. Even when no such establishment is desired, clandestine irregularities are negligible as an alternative to marriage. How common they are nobody knows; for in spite of the powerful protection afforded to the parties by the law of libel, and the readiness of society on various other grounds to be hoodwinked by the keeping up of the very thinnest appearances, most of them are probably never suspected. But they are neither dignified nor safe and comfortable, which at once rules them out for normal decent people. Marriage remains practically inevitable; and the sooner we acknowledge this, the sooner we shall set to work to make it decent and reasonable.

 WHAT DOES THE WORD MARRIAGE MEAN However much we may all suffer through marriage, most of us think so little about it that we regard it as a fixed part of the order of nature, like gravitation. Except for this error, which may be regarded as constant, we use the word with reckless looseness, meaning a dozen different things by it, and yet always assuming that to a respectable man it can have only one meaning. The pious citizen, suspecting the Socialist (for example) of unmentionable things, and asking him heatedly whether he wishes to abolish marriage, is infuriated by a sense of unanswerable quibbling when the Socialist asks him what particular variety of marriage he means: English civil marriage, sacramental marriage, indissoluble Roman Catholic marriage, marriage of divorced persons, Scotch marriage, Irish marriage, French, German, Turkish, or South Dakotan marriage. In Sweden, one of the most highly civilized countries in the world, a marriage is dissolved if both parties wish it, without any question of conduct. That is what marriage means in Sweden. In Clapham that is what they call by the senseless name of Free Love. In the British Empire we have unlimited Kulin polygamy, Muslim polygamy limited to four wives, child marriages, and, nearer home, marriages of first cousins: all of them abominations in the eyes of many worthy persons. Not only may the respectable British champion of marriage mean any


. p. Hipped (?); p. pr. & vb.
 n. Hipping.] 1. To dislocate or sprain the hip of, to fracture or injure the hip bone of (a quadruped) in such a manner as to produce a permanent depression of that side.

2. To throw (one's adversary) over one's hip in wrestling (technically called cross buttock).

3. To make with a hip or hips, as a roof.

Hipped roof. See Hip roof, under Hip.

 Hip (?), n. [OE. hepe, AS. heópe; cf. OHG. hiufo a bramble bush.] (Bot.) The fruit of a rosebush, especially of the English dog-rose (Rosa canina). [Written also hop, hep.]

Hip tree (Bot.), the dogrose.

 Hip, interj. Used to excite attention or as a signal; as, hip, hip, hurra!

 Hip, or Hipps (&?;), n. See Hyp, n. [Colloq.]

 Hip"halt' (?), a. Lame in the hip. [R.] Gower.
 { Hip"pa (?), Hip"pe (?), } n. (Zoöl.) A genus of marine decapod crustaceans, which burrow rapidly in the sand by pushing themselves backward; -- called also bait bug. See Illust.
 under Anomura.

 ||Hip*pa"ri*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a pony, dim. of &?; a horse.] (Paleon.) An extinct genus of Tertiary mammals allied to the horse, but three-toed, having on each foot a small lateral hoof on each side of the main central one. It is believed to be one of the ancestral genera of the Horse family.

 { Hipped (?), Hip"pish (?), } a. [From 5th Hip.] Somewhat hypochondriac; melancholy. See Hyppish. [Colloq.]

 When we are hipped or in high spirits.

R. L. Stevenson.
 ||Hip'po*bos"ca (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "i'ppos horse + &?; to feed.] (Zoöl.) A genus of dipterous insects including the horsefly or horse tick. -- Hip'po*bos"can (#), a. Hip"po*camp (?), n. See Hippocampus.

 Hip'po*cam"pal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the hippocampus.

 Hip'po*cam"pus (?), n. [L., the sea horse, Gr. &?; a hippocampus (in senses 1 and 2); "i'ppos horse + &?; to bend.] 1.
(Class. Myth.) A fabulous monster, with the head and fore quarters of a horse joined to the tail of a dolphin or other fish (Hippocampus brevirostris), -- seen in Pompeian paintings, attached to the chariot of Neptune. Fairholt.
 2. (Zoöl.) A genus of lophobranch fishes of several species in which the head and neck have some resemblance to those of a horse; -- called also sea horse.

 They swim slowly, in an erect position, and often cling to seaweeds by means of the incurved prehensile tail. The male has a ventral pouch, in which it carries the eggs till hatched.

3. (Zoöl.) A name applied to either of two ridges of white matter in each lateral ventricle of the brain. The larger is called hippocampus major or simply hippocampus. The smaller, hippocampus minor, is called also ergot and calcar.

 Hip'po*cen"taur (?), n. [L. hippocentaurus, Gr. &?;; "i'ppos horse + &?; centaur.] (Myth.) Same as Centaur.

 Hip"po*cras (?), n. [F. hippocras, hypocras, NL.
 vinum hippocraticum, lit., wine of Hippocrates.] A cordial made of spiced wine, etc.

 Hip*poc"ra*tes (?), n. A famous Greek physician and medical writer, born in Cos, about 460 B. C. Hippocrates' sleeve, a conical strainer, made by stitching together two adjacent sides of a square piece of cloth, esp. flannel of linen.

 Hip"po*crat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Hippocrates, or to his teachings.

Hippocratic face [L. facies Hippocratica], the change produced in the countenance by death, or long sickness, excessive evacuations, excessive hunger, and the like. The nose is pinched, the eyes are sunk, the temples hollow, the ears cold and retracted, the skin of the forehead tense and dry, the complexion livid, the lips pendent, relaxed, and cold; -- so called, as having been described by Hippocrates. Dunglison.
 -- Hippocratic oath, an oath said to have been dictated by Hippocrates to his disciples. Such an oath is still administered to candidates for graduation in medicine.

 Hip*poc"ra*tism (?), n. The medical philosophy or system of Hippocrates.

 Hip"po*crene (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; "i'ppos horse + &?; a fountain.] A fountain on Mount Helicon in Bœotia, fabled to have burst forth when the ground was struck by the hoof of Pegasus. Also, its waters, which were supposed to impart poetic inspiration. Keats.
 Nor maddening draughts of Hippocrene.

Longfellow.
 Hip"po*crep"i*an (?), n. [See Hippocrepiform.] (Zoöl.)
 One of an order of fresh-water Bryozoa, in which the tentacles are on a lophophore, shaped like a horseshoe. See Phylactolæma.

 Hip'po*crep'i*form (?), a. [Gr. "i'ppos horse + &?; shoe + -form.]
 (Bot.) Shaped like a horseshoe.

 Hip"po*dame (?), n. [Cf. F. hippopotame.] A fabulous sea monster. [Obs.] Spenser.
 Hip"po*drome (?), n. [L. hippodromos, Gr. &?;; "i'ppos horse + &?; course, fr. &?; to run: cf. F. hippodrome.] 1.
(Gr. Antiq.) A place set apart for equestrian and chariot races.

2. An arena for equestrian performances; a circus.

 Hip"po*griff (?), n. [F. hippogriffe; cf. It. ippogrifo.
 See Hippopotamus, Griffon.] (Myth.) A fabulous winged animal, half horse and half griffin. Milton.
 Hip"po*lith (?), n. [Gr. "i'ppos horse + -lith.] A concretion, or kind of bezoar, from the intestines of the horse.

 Hip'po*pa*thol'o*gy (?), n. [Gr. "i'ppos horse + E. pathology: cf. F. hippopathologie.] The science of veterinary medicine; the pathology of the horse.

 Hip*poph"a*gi (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hippophagous.] Eaters of horseflesh.

 Hip*poph"a*gism (?), n. Hippophagy. Lowell.
 Hip*poph"a*gist (?), n. One who eats horseflesh.

 Hip*poph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. "i'ppos horse + &?; to eat: cf. F.
 hippophage.] Feeding on horseflesh; -- said of certain nomadic tribes, as the Tartars.

 Hip*p


stoned Spanish olives stuffed with anchovy butter, truffles, mushrooms in oil, and crayfish tails.

 No. 69. Salmone alla Santa Fiorentina (Salmon) Ingredients: Salmon, eggs, mayonnaise, parsley, flour.

 Marinate a piece of boiled salmon for an hour; take out the bone and cut the fish into fillets, wipe them, roll them in flour and dip them in eggs beaten up or in mayonnaise sauce, and fry them a good colour. Arrange in a circle on the dish, garnish with fried parsley, and serve with Dutch or mayonnaise sauce. Any fillets of fish may be cooked in this manner.

 No. 70. Salmone alla Francesca (Salmon) Ingredients: Salmon, butter, onions, parsley, salt, pepper, nutmeg, stock, Chablis, Espagnole sauce (No.1) mushrooms, anchovy butter, lemon.

 Put a firm piece of salmon in a stewpan with one and a half ounces of butter, an onion cut up, a teaspoonful of chopped parsley (blanched), salt, pepper, very little nutmeg, a cup of stock, and a glass of Chablis.
 Cook for half an hour over a hot fire, turn the salmon occasionally, and if it gets dry, add a cup of Espagnole sauce. Let it boil until sufficiently cooked, and then put it on a dish. Into the sauce put four mushrooms cooked in white sauce, half a teaspoonful of anchovy butter and a little lemon juice. Pour the sauce over the salmon and serve.

 No. 71. Fillets of Salmon in Papiliotte Ingredients: Salmon, oil, lemon juice, salt, pepper, nutmeg, herbs.

 Cut a piece of salmon into fillets, marinate them in oil, lemon juice, salt, pepper, nutmeg, and herbs for two hours. Wipe and put them into paper souffle cases with a little oil, butter, and herbs. Cook them on a gridiron, and serve with a sauce piquante made in the following manner: Half a pint of rich Espagnole sauce (No. 1) and a dessert-spoonful of New Century{*} sauce, warmed up in a bain-marie.

 *Can be obtained at Messrs Lazenby's, Wigmoree Street, W. Beef, Mutton, Veal, Lamb, &C. No. 72. Manzo alla Certosina (Fillet of Beef) Ingredients: Fillet of beef or rump steak, bacon, olive oil, salt, nutmeg, anchovies, herbs, stock, garlic.

 Put a piece of very tender rump steak or fillet of beef into a stewpan with two slices of fat bacon and three teaspoonsful of the finest olive oil; season with salt and a tiny pinch of nutmeg; let it cook uncovered, and turn the meat over occasionally. When it is nicely browned add an anchovy minced and mixed with chopped herbs, and a small clove of garlic with one cut across it. Then cover the whole with good stock, put the cover on the stewpan, and when it is all sufficiently cooked, skim the grease off the sauce, pass it through a sieve, and pour it over the beef.
 Leave the garlic in for five minutes only.

 No. 73. Stufato alla Florentina (Stewed Beef) Ingredients: Beef, mutton, or veal, onions, rosemary, Burgundy, tomatoes, stock, potatoes, butter, garlic.

 Cut up an onion and three leaves of rosemary, fry them slightly in an ounce of butter, then add meat (beef, mutton, or veal), cut into fair-sized pieces, salt it and fry it a little, then pour half a glass of Burgundy over it, and add two tablespoonsful of tomato conserve, or better still, fresh tomatoes in a puree. Cover up the stewpan and cook gently, stir occasionally, and add some stock if the stew gets too dry. If you like to add potatoes, cut them up, put them in the stewpan an hour before serving, and cook them with the meat. A clove of garlic with one cut may be added for five minutes.

 No. 74. Coscia di Manzo al Forno (Rump Steak) Ingredients: Rump steak, ham, salt, pepper, spice, fat bacon, onion, stock, white wine.

 Lard a bit of good rump steak with bits of lean ham, and season it with salt, pepper, and a little spice, slightly brown it in butter for a few minutes, then cover it with three or four slices of fat bacon and put it into a stewpan with an onion chopped up, a cup of good stock, and half a glass of white wine; cook with the cover on the stewpan for about an hour.
 You may add a clove of garlic for ten minutes.

 No. 75. Polpettine alla Salsa Piccante (Beef Olives) Ingredients: Beef steak, butter, onions, stock, sausage meat.

 Cut some thin slices of beef steak, and on each place a little forcemeat of fowl or veal, to which add a little sausage meat: roll up the slices of beef and cook them with butter and onions, and when they are well browned pour some stock over them, and let them absorb it. Serve with a tomato sauce (No. 10), or sauce piquante made with a quarter of a pint of rich Espagnole (No. 1), and a dessert-spoonful of New Century sauce (see No. 71 note).

 No. 76. Stufato alla Milanese (Stewed Beef) Ingredients: Rump steak, bacon, ham, salt, pepper, cinnamon, cloves, butter, onions, Burgundy.

 Beat a piece of rump steak to make it tender and lard it well, cut up some bits of fat bacon and dust them over with salt, pepper, and a tiny pinch of cinnamon, and put them on the steak. Stick three cloves into the steak, then put it into a stewpan, add a little of the fat of the beef chopped up, an ounce of butter, an onion cut up, and some bits of lean ham. Put in sufficient stock to cover the steak, add a glass of Burgundy, and stew gently until it is cooked.

 No. 77. Manzo Marinato Arrosto (Marinated Beef) Ingredients: Beef, salt, larding bacon, Burgundy, vinegar, spices, herbs, flour.

 Beat a piece of rump steak, or fillet to make it tender; sprinkle it well with salt and some chopped herbs, and leave it for an hour; then lard it and marinate it as follows: Half a pint of red wine (Australian Harvest Burgundy is best), half a glass of vinegar, a pinch of spice, and a bouquet of herbs; leave it in this for twenty-four hours then take it out, drain it well sprinkle it with flour, and roast it for twenty minutes before a clear fire, braize it till quite tender, then press and glaze it.
 The thin end of a sirloin is excellent cooked this way. Serve cold.

 No. 78. Manzo con sugo di Barbabietole (Fillet of Beef) Ingredients: Beef, beetroot, salt.

 Cut up three raw beetroots put them into an earthen ware pot and cover them with water. Keep them in some warm place, and allow them to ferment for five, six, or eight days according to the season; the froth at the top of the water will indicate the necessary fermentation. The take out the pieces of beetroot, skim off all the froth, and into the fermented liquor put a good piece of tender rump steak or fillet with some salt. Braize for four hours and serve.

 No. 79. Manzo in Insalata (Marinated Beef) Ingredients: Beef, oil, salt, pepper, vinegar, parsley, capers, mushrooms, olives, vegetables.

 Cook a fillet of beef (or the thin end of a sirloin), which has been previously marinated for two days