Cereus giganteus); -- so named by the Indians of Arizona. Called also saguaro.

 Su"ze*rain (?), n. [F., formed fr. sus above, L. susum, sursum (fr. sub under + versum, p. p. of vertere to turn), after the analogy of souverain, E. sovereign. See Sub-, and Verse.] A superior lord, to whom fealty is due; a feudal lord; a lord paramount.

 Su"ze*rain*ty (?), n. [F. suzeraineté.] The dominion or authority of a suzerain; paramount authority.

 Swa (swä), adv. [See So.] So. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Swab (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swabbed (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Swabbing.] [See Swabber, n.] To clean with a mop or swab; to wipe when very wet, as after washing; as, to swab the desk of a ship. [Spelt also swob.]

 Swab, n. [Written also swob.] 1. A kind of mop for cleaning floors, the desks of vessels, etc., esp. one made of rope-yarns or threads.

2. A bit of sponge, cloth, or the like, fastened to a handle, for cleansing the mouth of a sick person, applying medicaments to deep-seated parts, etc.

3. (Naut.) An epaulet. [Sailor's Slang] Marryat.
4. A cod, or pod, as of beans or pease. [Obs.] Bailey.
5. A sponge, or other suitable substance, attached to a long rod or handle, for cleaning the bore of a firearm.

 Swab"ber (?), v. t. To swab. [R.]

 Swab"ber, n. [D. zwabber; cf.D. zwabberen to swab, G. schwabbern, Dan. svabre, Sw. svab a swab, svabla to swab.] 1. One who swabs a floor or desk. Shak.
2. (Naut.) Formerly, an interior officer on board of British ships of war, whose business it was to see that the ship was kept clean.

3. Same as Swobber, 2.

 Swad (?), n. [Probably fr. AS. swe&?;ian to bind.]
 [Written also swod.] 1. A cod, or pod, as of beans or pease.
 [Prov. Eng.]

Swad, in the north, is a peascod shell -- thence used for an empty, shallow-headed fellow.

Blount.
2. A clown; a country bumpkin. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "Country swains, and silly swads." Greene.
 There was one busy fellow was their leader, A blunt, squat swad, but lower than yourself.

B. Jonson.
3. A lump of mass; also, a crowd. [Low, U.S.]

4. (Coal Mining) A thin layer of refuse at the bottom of a seam. Raymond.
 Swad"dle (?), n. [AS. swe&?;il, swe&?;el, fr.
 swe&?;ain to bind. See Swathe.] Anything used to swaddle with, as a cloth or band; a swaddling band.

 They put me in bed in all my swaddles.

Addison.
 Swad"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swaddled (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Swaddling (?).] 1. To bind as with a bandage; to bind or warp tightly with clothes; to swathe; -- used esp. of infants; as, to swaddle a baby.

 They swaddled me up in my nightgown with long pieces of linen.

Addison.
2. To beat; to cudgel. [Obs.] Hudibras.
 Swad"dle*bill' (?), n. (Zoöl.) The shoveler. [Local, U.S.]

 Swad"dler (?), n. A term of contempt for an Irish Methodist. Shipley.
 Swad"dling (?), a. & n. from Swaddle, v. Swaddling band, Swaddling cloth, or Swaddling clout, a band or cloth wrapped round an infant, especially round a newborn infant.

 Ye shall find the babe wrapped in swaddling clothes, lying in a manger.

Luke ii. 12.
 Swag (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Swagged (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Swagging (?).] [Cf. Icel. sveggja, sveigja to bend, to sway, Norw. svaga to sway. See Sway.] 1. To hang or move, as something loose and heavy; to sway; to swing. [Prov. Eng.]

2. To sink down by its weight; to sag. Sir H. Wotton.
 I swag as a fat person's belly swaggeth as he goeth.

Palsgrave.
 Swag, n. 1. A swaying, irregular motion.

2. A burglar's or thief's booty; boodle. [Cant or Slang] Charles Reade.
 Swag"-bel'lied (?), a. Having a prominent, overhanging belly. Shak.
 Swag"bel'ly (?), n. 1. A prominent, overhanging belly. Smollett.
2. (Med.) Any large tumor developed in the abdomen, and neither fluctuating nor sonorous. Dunglison.
 Swage (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Swaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Swaging (?).] [Equiv. to suage, abbrev. fr. assuage.]
 See Assuage. [Obs.]

 Swage, n. A tool, variously shaped or grooved on the end or face, used by blacksmiths and other workers in metals, for shaping their work, whether sheet metal or forging, by holding the swage upon the work, or the work upon the swage, and striking with a sledge.

Swage block, a perforated block of iron, having grooved sides and adapted for use in heading bolts and swaging objects of large size.

 Swage, v. t. To shape by means of a swage; to fashion, as a piece of iron, by forcing it into a groove or mold having the required shape.

 Swag"ger (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Swaggered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Swaggering.] [Freq. of swag.] 1. To walk with a swaying motion; hence, to walk and act in a pompous, consequential manner.

 A man who swaggers about London clubs.

Beaconsfield.
2. To boast or brag noisily; to be ostentatiously proud or vainglorious; to bluster; to bully.

 What a pleasant it is... to swagger at the bar!

Arbuthnot.
 To be great is not... to swagger at our footmen.

Colier.
 Swag"ger, v. t. To bully. [R.] Swift.
 Swag"ger, n. The act or manner of a swaggerer.

 He gave a half swagger, half leer, as he stepped forth to receive us.

W. Irving.
 Swag"ger*er (?), n. One who swaggers; a blusterer; a bully; a boastful, noisy fellow. Shak.
 Swag"gy (?), a. Inclined to swag; sinking, hanging, or leaning by its weight. Sir T. Browne.
 Swain (?), n. [OE. swain, swein, Icel. sveinn a boy, servant; akin to Sw. sven, Dan. svend, AS. swn, OHG. swein.] 1. A servant. [Obs.]

 Him behoves serve himself that has no swain.

Chaucer.
2. A young man dwelling in the


BALLADS OF PEACE IN WAR By Michael Earls CONTENTS HIS LIGHT THE COUNTERSIGN THE COUNTERSIGN A HILL O' LIGHTS OFF TO THE WAR THE TOWERS OF HOLY CROSS ALWAYS MAYTIME THE STORYTELLER MY FATHER'S TUNES A SONG A BALLAD OF FRANCE TO ONE IN SUCCESS THE LIFELONG WAR LINDEN LANE THE BOUNDARIES OF A HOUSE ATTAINMENT THE PHILOSOPHERS THE PHILOSOPHERS PREPAREDNESS I. THE DRUMMER BOY II. THE SAILOR WAR IN THE NORTH THE HAPPY TIME THE TIME OF TRUCE BETHLEHEM A VOW-DAY FLOWER THE TREE IN THE TENEMENT YARD OLD HUDSON ROVERS A WINTER MINSTER THE DARK LITTLE ROSE THE MONK MAELANFAID THE YOUNG ADVENTURERS THE FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH THE BONNIE PRINCE O' SPRING ON A TRAIN THE COLUMBINE TWO SEANICHIES THE GREEN BRIGADE ALLELUIA HEIGHT HIS LIGHT THE COUNTERSIGN THE COUNTERSIGN A HILL O' LIGHTS OFF TO THE WAR THE TOWERS OF HOLY CROSS ALWAYS MAYTIME THE STORYTELLER MY FATHER'S TUNES A SONG A BALLAD OF FRANCE TO ONE IN SUCCESS THE LIFELONG WAR LINDEN LANE THE BOUNDARIES OF A HOUSE ATTAINMENT THE PHILOSOPHERS THE PHILOSOPHERS PREPAREDNESS I. THE DRUMMER BOY II. THE SAILOR WAR IN THE NORTH THE HAPPY TIME THE TIME OF TRUCE BETHLEHEM A VOW-DAY FLOWER THE TREE IN THE TENEMENT YARD OLD HUDSON ROVERS A WINTER MINSTER THE DARK LITTLE ROSE THE MONK MAELANFAID THE YOUNG ADVENTURERS THE FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH THE BONNIE PRINCE O' SPRING ON A TRAIN THE COLUMBINE TWO SEANICHIES THE GREEN BRIGADE ALLELUIA HEIGHT


deponent's house, where they went in, and drunk some drams, and Alan Breck renewed the former Conversation; and the deponent, making the same answer, Alan said, that, if the deponent had any respect for his friends, he would tell them, that if they offered to turn out the possessors of Ardshiel's estate, he would make black cocks of them, before they entered into possession by which the deponent understood shooting them, it being a common phrase in the country." Some time after the publication of Kidnapped we stopped for a short while in the Appin country, where we were surprised and interested to discover that the feeling concerning the murder of Glenure (the "Red Fox," also called "Colin Roy") was almost as keen as though the tragedy had taken place the day before. For several years my husband received letters of expostulation or commendation from members of the Campbell and Stewart clans. I have in my possession a paper, yellow with age, that was sent soon after the novel appeared, containing "The Pedigree of the Family of Appine," wherein it is said that "Alan 3rd Baron of Appine was not killed at Flowdoun, tho there, but lived to a great old age. He married Cameron Daughter to Ewen Cameron of Lochiel." Following this is a paragraph stating that "John Stewart 1st of Ardsheall of his descendants Alan Breck had better be omitted. Duncan Baan Stewart in Achindarroch his father was a Bastard." One day, while my husband was busily at work, I sat beside him reading an old cookery book called The Compleat Housewife: or Accomplish'd Gentlewoman's Companion. In the midst of receipts for "Rabbits, and Chickens mumbled, Pickled Samphire, Skirret Pye, Baked Tansy," and other forgotten delicacies, there were directions for the preparation of several lotions for the preservation of beauty. One of these was so charming that I interrupted my husband to read it aloud. "Just what I wanted!" he exclaimed; and the receipt for the "Lily of the Valley Water" was instantly incorporated into Kidnapped.

 F. V. DE G. S. DEDICATION MY DEAR CHARLES BAXTER: If you ever read this tale, you will likely ask yourself more questions than I should care to answer: as for instance how the Appin murder has come to fall in the year 1751, how the Torran rocks have crept so near to Earraid, or why the printed trial is silent as to all that touches David Balfour. These are nuts beyond my ability to crack. But if you tried me on the point of Alan's guilt or innocence, I think I could defend the reading of the text. To this day you will find the tradition of Appin clear in Alan's favour. If you inquire, you may even hear that the descendants of "the other man" who fired the shot are in the country to this day. But that other man's name, inquire as you please, you shall not hear; for the Highlander values a secret for itself and for the congenial exercise of keeping it. I might go on for long to justify one point and own another indefensible; it is more honest to confess at once how little I am touched by the desire of accuracy. This is no furniture for the scholar's library, but a book for the winter evening school-room when the tasks are over and the hour for bed draws near; and honest Alan, who was a grim old fire-eater in his day has in this new avatar no more desperate purpose than to steal some young gentleman's attention from his Ovid, carry him awhile into the Highlands and the last century, and pack him to bed with some engaging images to mingle with his dreams.

 As for you, my dear Charles, I do not even ask you to like this tale. But perhaps when he is older, your son will; he may then be pleased to find his father's name on the fly-leaf; and in the meanwhile it pleases me to set it there, in memory of many days that were happy and some (now perhaps as pleasant to remember) that were sad. If it is strange for me to look back from a distance both in time and space on these bygone adventures of our youth, it must be stranger for you who tread the same streets—who may to-morrow open the door of the old Speculative, where we begin to rank with Scott and Robert Emmet and the beloved and inglorious Macbean—or may pass the corner of the close where that great society, the L. J. R., held its meetings and drank its beer, sitting in the seats of Burns and his companions. I think I see you, moving there by plain daylight, beholding with your natural eyes those places that have now become for your companion a part of the scenery of dreams. How, in the intervals of present business, the past must echo in your memory! Let it not echo often without some kind thoughts of your friend, R.L.S. SKERRYVORE, BOURNEMOUTH.

0021m CHAPTER I I SET OFF UPON MY JOURNEY TO THE HOUSE OF SHAWS 9021m will begin the story of my adventures with a certain morning early in the month of June, the year of grace 1751, when I took the key for the last time out of the door of my father's house. The sun began to shine upon the summit of the hills as I went down the road; and by the time I had come as far as the manse, the blackbirds were whistling in the garden lilacs, and the mist that hung around the valley in the time of the dawn was beginning to arise and die away.

 Mr. Campbell, the minister of Essendean, was waiting for me by the garden gate, good man! He asked me if I had breakfasted; and hearing that I lacked for nothing, he took my hand in both of his and clapped it kindly under his arm.

 "Well, Davie, lad," said he, "I will go with you as far as the ford, to set you on the way." And we began to walk forward in silence.

 "Are ye sorry to leave Essendean?" said he, after awhile.

 "Why, sir," said I, "if I knew where I was going, or what was likely to become of me, I would tell you candidly. Essendean is a good place indeed, and I have been very happy there; but then I have never been anywhere else. My father and mother, since they are both dead, I shall be no nearer to in Essendean than in the Kingdom of Hungary, and, to speak truth, if I thought I had a chance to better myself where I was going I would go with a good will." "Ay?" said Mr. Campbell. "Very well, Davie. Then it behoves me to tell your fortune; or so far as I may. When your mother was gone, and your father (the worthy, Christian man) began to sicken for his end, he gave me in charge a certain letter, which he said was your inheritance. 'So soon,' says he, 'as I am gone, and the house is redd up and the gear disposed of' (all which, Davie, hath been done), 'give my boy this letter into his hand, and start him off to the house of Shaws, not far from Cramond. That is the place I came from,' he said, 'and it's where it befits that my boy should return. He is a steady lad,' your father said, 'and a canny goer; and I doubt not he will come safe, and be well lived where he goes.'" "The house of Shaws!" I cried


Act of bringing down; depravation; deterioration. South.
 Em"bas*sade (?), n. [F. ambassade. See Embassy.] An embassy.
 See Ambassade. [Obs.] Shak.
 Em*bas"sa*dor (?), n. [F. ambassadeur, Sp. embajador, LL. ambassiator, ambasciator. See Embassy, and cf.
 Ambassador.] Same as Ambassador.

 Stilbon, that was a wise embassadour, Was sent to Corinth.

Chaucer.
 Myself my king's embassador will go.

Dryden.
 Em*bas'sa*do"ri*al (?), a. [Cf. F. ambassadorial.] Same as Ambassadorial.

 Em*bas"sa*dress (?), n. [Cf. F. ambassadrice.] Same as Ambassadress.

 Em*bas"sa*dry (?), n. [Cf. OF. ambassaderie.] Embassy.
 [Obs.] Leland.
 Em"bas*sage (?; 48), n. 1. An embassy. "He sent a solemn embassage."
 Bacon.
 Except your embassages have better success.

Motley.
2. Message; errand. Shak.
 Em"bas*sy (?), n.; pl. Embassies (#). [OF. ambassée, embascée, LL. ambasciata, fr. ambasciare for ambactiare to go on a mission, fr. L. ambactus vassal, dependent, of Celtic or German origin; cf. W. amaeth husbandman, Goth. andbahts servant, G. amt office, OHG. ambaht.
 Cf. Ambassador.] 1. The public function of an ambassador; the charge or business intrusted to an ambassador or to envoys; a public message to; foreign court concerning state affairs; hence, any solemn message.

 He sends the angels on embassies with his decrees.

Jer. Taylor.
2. The person or persons sent as ambassadors or envoys; the ambassador and his suite; envoys.

3. The residence or office of an ambassador.

 Sometimes, but rarely, spelled ambassy.

 Em*bas"tard*ize (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + bastardize.]
 To bastardize. [Obs.]

 Em*bathe" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + bathe. Cf.
 Imbathe.] To bathe; to imbathe.

 Em*bat"tail (?), v. t. [See Embattle.] To furnish with battlements; to fortify as with battlements. [Archaic] To embattail and to wall about thy cause With iron-worded proof.

Tennyson.
 Em*bat"tle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embattled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embattling (?).] [OF. embataillier; pref. em- (L. in) + F. bataille battle. See Battle, and cf.
 Battlement.] To arrange in order of battle; to array for battle; also, to prepare or arm for battle; to equip as for battle.

 One in bright arms embattled full strong.

Spenser.
 Here once the embattled farmers stood And fired the shot heard round the world.

Emerson.
 Em*bat"tle, v. i. To be arrayed for battle. [Obs.]

 Em*bat"tle, v. t. [See Battlement.] To furnish with battlements. "Embattled house." Wordsworth.
 Em*bat"tled (?), a. 1. Having indentations like a battlement. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. (Her.) Having the edge broken like battlements; -- said of a bearing such as a fess, bend, or the like.

3. Having been the place of battle; as, an embattled plain or field. J. Baillie.
 Em*bat"tle*ment (?), n. 1. An intended parapet; a battlement.

2. The fortifying of a building or a wall by means of battlements.

 Em*bay" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + bay to bathe.] To bathe; to soothe or lull as by bathing. [Obs.] Spenser.
 Em*bay", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embayed (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Embaying.] [Pref. em- + 1st bay.] To shut in, or shelter, as in a bay.

 If that the Turkish fleet Be not ensheltered and embayed, they are drowned.

Shak.
 Em*bay"ment (?), n. A bay. [R.]

 The embayment which is terminated by the land of North Berwick.

Sir W. Scott.
 Em*beam" (?), v. t. To make brilliant with beams. [R.] G. Fletcher.
 Em*bed" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embedded; p. pr.
 & vb. n. Embedding.] [Pref. em- + bed. Cf. Imbed.]
 To lay as in a bed; to lay in surrounding matter; to bed; as, to embed a thing in clay, mortar, or sand.

 Em*bed"ment (?), n. The act of embedding, or the state of being embedded.

 Em*bel"lish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embellished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embellishing.] [OE. embelisen, embelisshen, F. embellir; pref. em- (L. in) + bel, beau, beautiful. See Beauty.] To make beautiful or elegant by ornaments; to decorate; to adorn; as, to embellish a book with pictures, a garden with shrubs and flowers, a narrative with striking anecdotes, or style with metaphors.

Syn. -- To adorn; beautify; deck; bedeck; decorate; garnish; enrich; ornament; illustrate. See Adorn.

 Em*bel"lish*er (?), n. One who embellishes.

 Em*bel"lish*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. embellissement.] 1.
 The act of adorning, or the state of being adorned; adornment.

 In the selection of their ground, as well as in the embellishment of it.

Prescott.
2. That which adds beauty or elegance; ornament; decoration; as, pictorial embellishments.

 The graces and embellishments of the exterior man.

I. Taylor.
 Em"ber (?), n. [OE. emmeres, emeres, AS. &?;myrie; akin to Icel. eimyrja, Dan. emmer, MHG. eimere; cf.
 Icel. eimr vapor, smoke.] A lighted coal, smoldering amid ashes; -- used chiefly in the plural, to signify mingled coals and ashes; the smoldering remains of a fire. "He rakes hot embers." Dryden.
 He takes a lighted ember out of the covered vessel.

Colebrooke.
 Em"ber, a. [OE. ymber, AS. ymbren, ymbryne, prop., running around, circuit; ymbe around + ryne a running, fr. rinnan to run. See Amb-, and Run.] Making a circuit of the year of the seasons; recurring in each quarter of the year; as, ember fasts.

 Ember days (R. C. & Eng. Ch.), days set apart for fasting and prayer in each of the four seasons of the year. The Council of Placentia [a. d. 1095] appointed for ember days the Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday after the first Sunday in Lent, Whitsuntide,


some." Shak.
2. In a preferable or excellent manner; excellently; eminently. "Choicely good." Walton.
 Choice"ness, n. The quality of being of particular value or worth; nicely; excellence.

 Choir (?), n. [OE. quer, OF. cuer, F. chœur, fr. L. chorus a choral dance, chorus, choir, fr. Gr. &?;, orig.
 dancing place; prob. akin to &?; inclosure, L. hortus garden, and E. yard. See Chorus.] 1. A band or organized company of singers, especially in church service. [Formerly written also quire.]

2. That part of a church appropriated to the singers.

3. (Arch.) The chancel.

Choir organ (Mus.), one of the three or five distinct organs included in the full organ, each separable from the rest, but all controlled by one performer; a portion of the full organ, complete in itself, and more practicable for ordinary service and in the accompanying of the vocal choir. -- Choir screen, Choir wall (Arch.), a screen or low wall separating the choir from the aisles. -- Choir service, the service of singing performed by the choir. T. Warton.
 Choke (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Choked (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Choking.] [OE. cheken, choken; cf. AS. ceocian to suffocate, Icel. koka to gulp, E. chincough, cough.]
 1. To render unable to breathe by filling, pressing upon, or squeezing the windpipe; to stifle; to suffocate; to strangle.

 With eager feeding food doth choke the feeder. Shak.
2. To obstruct by filling up or clogging any passage; to block up.
 Addison.
3. To hinder or check, as growth, expansion, progress, etc.; to stifle.

 Oats and darnel choke the rising corn. Dryden.
4. To affect with a sense of strangulation by passion or strong feeling. "I was choked at this word." Swift.
5. To make a choke, as in a cartridge, or in the bore of the barrel of a shotgun.

To choke off, to stop a person in the execution of a purpose; as, to choke off a speaker by uproar.

 Choke, v. i. 1. To have the windpipe stopped; to have a spasm of the throat, caused by stoppage or irritation of the windpipe; to be strangled.

2. To be checked, as if by choking; to stick.

 The words choked in his throat. Sir W. Scott.
 Choke, n. 1. A stoppage or irritation of the windpipe, producing the feeling of strangulation.

2. (Gun.) (a) The tied end of a cartridge. (b) A constriction in the bore of a shotgun, case of a rocket, etc.

 Choke"ber'ry (?), n. (Bot.) The small apple-shaped or pear-shaped fruit of an American shrub (Pyrus arbutifolia) growing in damp thickets; also, the shrub.

 Choke"cher'ry (?), n. (Bot.) The astringent fruit of a species of wild cherry (Prunus Virginiana); also, the bush or tree which bears such fruit.

 Choke" damp' (?). See Carbonic acid, under Carbonic.

 ||Cho'ke*dar" (?), n. [Hindi chauk-dr.] A watchman; an officer of customs or police. [India] Choke"-full' (?), a. Full to the brim; quite full; chock-full.

 Choke" pear' (?). 1. A kind of pear that has a rough, astringent taste, and is swallowed with difficulty, or which contracts the mucous membrane of the mouth.

2. A sarcasm by which one is put to silence; anything that can not be answered. [Low] S. Richardson.
 Chok"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, chokes.

2. A stiff wide cravat; a stock. [Slang] Choke"-strap' (?), n. (Saddlery) A strap leading from the bellyband to the lower part of the collar, to keep the collar in place.

 Chok"ing (?), a. 1. That chokes; producing the feeling of strangulation.

2. Indistinct in utterance, as the voice of a person affected with strong emotion.

 { Chok"y Chok"ey } (?), a. 1. Tending to choke or suffocate, or having power to suffocate.

2. Inclined to choke, as a person affected with strong emotion. "A deep and choky voice." Aytoun.
 The allusion to his mother made Tom feel rather chokey. T. Hughes.
 ||Cho*læ"ma*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; bile + &?; blood.] (Med.) A disease characterized by severe nervous symptoms, dependent upon the presence of the constituents of the bile in the blood.

 Chol"a*gogue (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?; bile + &?; leading, &?; to lead: cf. F. cholagogue.] (Med.) Promoting the discharge of bile from the system. -- n. An agent which promotes the discharge of bile from the system.

 Cho"late (?), n. [Gr. &?; bile.] (Chem.) A salt of cholic acid; as, sodium cholate.

 ||Chol'e*cys"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; bile + &?; bladder.] (Anat.) The gall bladder.

 Chol'e*cys*tot"o*my (?), n. [Cholecystis + Gr. &?; to cut.] (Surg.) The operation of making an opening in the gall bladder, as for the removal of a gallstone.

 Chol'e*dol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; bile + -logy. Cf. F. cholédologie.]
 (Med.) A treatise on the bile and bilary organs. Dunglison.
 Littré says that the word cholédologie is absolutely barbarous, there being no Greek word &?;. A proper form would be cholology.

 Cho*le"ic (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, bile; as, choleic acid.

 Chol"er (?), n. [OE. coler, F. colère anger, L. cholera a bilious complaint, fr. Gr. &?; cholera, fr. &?;, &?;, bile. See Gall, and cf. Cholera.] 1. The bile; -- formerly supposed to be the seat and cause of irascibility. [Obs.]

 His [Richard Hooker's] complexion... was sanguine, with a mixture of choler; and yet his motion was slow. I. Warton.
2. Irritation of the passions; anger; wrath.

 He is rash and very sudden in choler. Shak.
 Chol"er*a (?), n. [L., a bilious disease. See Choler.] (Med.)
 One of several diseases affecting the digestive and intestinal tract and more or less dangerous to life, esp. the one commonly called Asiatic cholera.

Asiatic cholera, a malignant and rapidly fatal disease, originating in Asia and frequently epidemic in the more filthy sections of other lands, to which the germ or specific poison may have been carried. It is characterized by diarrhea, rice-water evacuations, vomiting, cramps, pinched expression, and lividity, rapidly passing into a state of collapse, followed by death, or by a stage of reaction of fever. -- Cholera bacillus. See Comma bacillus. --


, etc.; on the average; without selection or specification. -- To let run (Naut.), to allow to pass or move freely; to slacken or loosen. -- To run after, to pursue or follow; to search for; to endeavor to find or obtain; as, to run after similes. Locke. -- To run away, to flee; to escape; to elope; to run without control or guidance. -- To run away with. (a) To convey away hurriedly; to accompany in escape or elopement. (b) To drag rapidly and with violence; as, a horse runs away with a carriage. -- To run down.
 (a) To cease to work or operate on account of the exhaustion of the motive power; -- said of clocks, watches, etc. (b) To decline in condition; as, to run down in health. -- To run down a coast, to sail along it. -- To run for an office, to stand as a candidate for an office. -- To run in or into. (a) To enter; to step in. (b) To come in collision with. -- To run in trust, to run in debt; to get credit. [Obs.] -- To run in with. (a) To close; to comply; to agree with. [R.] T. Baker. (b) (Naut.)
 To make toward; to near; to sail close to; as, to run in with the land. -- To run mad, To run mad after or on. See under Mad. -- To run on. (a) To be continued; as, their accounts had run on for a year or two without a settlement. (b) To talk incessantly. (c) To continue a course. (d) To press with jokes or ridicule; to abuse with sarcasm; to bear hard on. (e) (Print.) To be continued in the same lines, without making a break or beginning a new paragraph. -- To run out. (a) To come to an end; to expire; as, the lease runs out at Michaelmas. (b) To extend; to spread. "Insectile animals... run all out into legs." Hammond. (c) To expatiate; as, to run out into beautiful digressions. (d) To be wasted or exhausted; to become poor; to become extinct; as, an estate managed without economy will soon run out.

 And had her stock been less, no doubt She must have long ago run out.

Dryden.
 -- To run over. (a) To overflow; as, a cup runs over, or the liquor runs over. (b) To go over, examine, or rehearse cursorily. (c) To ride or drive over; as, to run over a child. -- To run riot, to go to excess. -- To run through.
 (a) To go through hastily; as to run through a book. (b) To spend wastefully; as, to run through an estate. -- To run to seed, to expend or exhaust vitality in producing seed, as a plant; figuratively and colloquially, to cease growing; to lose vital force, as the body or mind. -- To run up, to rise; to swell; to grow; to increase; as, accounts of goods credited run up very fast.

 But these, having been untrimmed for many years, had run up into great bushes, or rather dwarf trees.

Sir W. Scott.
 -- To run with. (a) To be drenched with, so that streams flow; as, the streets ran with blood. (b) To flow while charged with some foreign substance. "Its rivers ran with gold." J. H. Newman.
 Run (&?;), v. t. 1. To cause to run (in the various senses of Run, v. i.); as, to run a horse; to run a stage; to run a machine; to run a rope through a block.

2. To pursue in thought; to carry in contemplation.

 To run the world back to its first original.

South.
 I would gladly understand the formation of a soul, and run it up to its "punctum saliens."

Collier.
3. To cause to enter; to thrust; as, to run a sword into or through the body; to run a nail into the foot.

 You run your head into the lion's mouth.

Sir W. Scott.
 Having run his fingers through his hair.

Dickens.
4. To drive or force; to cause, or permit, to be driven.

 They ran the ship aground.

Acts xxvii. 41.
 A talkative person runs himself upon great inconveniences by blabbing out his own or other's secrets.

Ray.
 Others, accustomed to retired speculations, run natural philosophy into metaphysical notions.

Locke.
5. To fuse; to shape; to mold; to cast; as, to run bullets, and the like.

 The purest gold must be run and washed.

Felton.
6. To cause to be drawn; to mark out; to indicate; to determine; as, to run a line.

7. To cause to pass, or evade, offical restrictions; to smuggle; -- said of contraband or dutiable goods.

 Heavy impositions... are a strong temptation of running goods.

Swift.
8. To go through or accomplish by running; as, to run a race; to run a certain career.

9. To cause to stand as a candidate for office; to support for office; as, to run some one for Congress. [Colloq. U.S.]

10. To encounter or incur, as a danger or risk; as, to run the risk of losing one's life. See To run the chances, below. "He runneth two dangers." Bacon.
11. To put at hazard; to venture; to risk.

 He would himself be in the Highlands to receive them, and run his fortune with them.

Clarendon.
12. To discharge; to emit; to give forth copiously; to be bathed with; as, the pipe or faucet runs hot water.

 At the base of Pompey's statua, Which all the while ran blood, great Cæsar fell.

Shak.
13. To be charged with, or to contain much of, while flowing; as, the rivers ran blood.

14. To conduct; to manage; to carry on; as, to run a factory or a hotel. [Colloq. U.S.]

15. To tease with sarcasms and ridicule. [Colloq.]

16. To sew, as a seam, by passing the needle through material in a continuous line, generally taking a series of stitches on the needle at the same time.

17. To migrate or move in schools; -- said of fish; esp., to ascend a river in order to spawn.

To run a blockade, to get to, or away from, a blockaded port in safety. -- To run down. (a) (Hunting) To chase till the object pursued is captured or exhausted; as, to run down a stag.
 (b) (Naut.) To run against and sink, as a vessel. (c) To crush; to overthrow; to overbear. "Religion is run down by the license of these times." Berkeley. (d) To disparage; to traduce. F. W. Newman. -- To run hard. (a) To press in competition; as, to run one hard in a race. (b) To urge or press importunately. (c) To banter severely. - - To run into the ground, to carry to an absurd extreme; to overdo. [Slang, U.S.] -- To run off, to cause to flow away, as a charge of molten metal from a furnace. -- To run on (Print.), to carry on or continue, as the type for a new sentence, without making a break or commencing a new paragraph. -- To run out. (a) To thrust


ed from over-use and hard service.
FOOTNOTES {1} Dickens didn't write chapters 2 to 5 and they are omitted in this edition.
***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TOM TIDDLER'S GROUND***


Originally written in Old French, sometime in the early half of the 13th Century A.D., as a continuation of Chretien DeTroyes' unfinished work "Perceval, or the Knight of the Grail". Author unknown.
Translation by Sebastian Evans, 1898.
The High History of the Holy Graal CONTENTS Bibliography Introduction BRANCH I BRANCH II BRANCH III BRANCH IV BRANCH V BRANCH VI BRANCH VII BRANCH VIII BRANCH IX BRANCH X BRANCH XI BRANCH XII BRANCH XIII BRANCH XIV BRANCH XV BRANCH XVI BRANCH XVII BRANCH XVIII BRANCH XIX BRANCH XX BRANCH XXI BRANCH XXII BRANCH XXIII BRANCH XXIV BRANCH XXV BRANCH XXVI BRANCH XXVII BRANCH XXVIII BRANCH XXIX BRANCH XXX BRANCH XXXI BRANCH XXXII BRANCH XXXIII BRANCH XXXIV BRANCH XXXV Author's Conclusion SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY: ORIGINAL TEXT-- Potvin, Ch. (Ed.): "Perceval le Gallois ou le conte du Graal", Vol. I (Soc. Bibl. Belges., Mons., 1866).
RECOMMENDED READING-- Anonymous (Trans. P.M. Matarasso): "The Quest for the Holy Graal" (Penguin Classics, London, 1969).
DeTroyes, Chretien (Trans. William W. Kibler & Carleton W. Carroll): "Arthurian Romances" (Penguin Classics, London, 1991). Contains the unfinished work "Perceval".
Eschenbach, Wolfram von (Trans. A.T. Hatto): "Parzival" (Penguin Classics, London, 1980).
Malory, Sir Thomas (Ed. Janet Cowen): "Le Morte D'Arthur", Vol. I & II (Penguin Classics, London, 1969).
INTRODUCTION This book is translated from the first volume of "Perceval le Gallois ou le conte du Graal"; edited by M. Ch. Potvin for 'La Societe des Bibliophiles Belges' in 1866, (1) from the MS. numbered 11,145 in the library of the Dukes of Burgundy at Brussels. This MS. I find thus described in M. F. J. Marchal's catalogue of that priceless collection: '"Le Roman de Saint Graal", beginning "Ores lestoires", in the French language; date, first third of the sixteenth century; with ornamental capitals.' (2) Written three centuries later than the original romance, and full as it is of faults of the scribe, this manuscript is by far the most complete known copy of the "Book of the Graal" in existence, being defective only in Branch XXI. Titles 8 and 9, the substance of which is fortunately preserved elsewhere. Large fragments, however, amounting in all to nearly one-seventh of the whole, of a copy in handwriting of the thirteenth century, are preserved in six consecutive leaves and one detached leaf bound up with a number of other works in a MS. numbered 113 in the City Library at Berne. The volume is in folio on vellum closely written in three columns to the page, and the seven leaves follow the last poem contained in it, entitled "Duremart le Gallois". The manuscript is well known, having been lent to M. de Sainte Palaye for use in the Monuments of French History issued by the Benedictines of the Congregation of St Maur. Selections from the poems it contains are given in Sinner's "Extraits de Poesie du XIII. Siecle", (3) and it is described, unfortunately without any reference to these particular leaves, by the same learned librarian in the "Catalogus Codicum MSS. Bibl. Bernensis", J.R. Sinner. (4) M. Potvin has carefully collated for his edition all that is preserved of the Romance in this manuscript, comprising all the beginning of the work as far as Branch III. Title 8, about the middle, and from Branch XIX. Title 23, near the beginning, to Branch XXX. Title 5, in the middle. Making allowance for variations of spelling and sundry minor differences of reading, by no means always in favour of the earlier scribe, the Berne fragments are identical with the corresponding portions of the Brussels manuscript, and it is therefore safe to assume that the latter is on the whole an accurate transcript of the entire original Romance.
The only note of time in the book itself is contained in the declaration at the end. From this it appears that it was written by order of the Seingnor of Cambrein for Messire Jehan the Seingnor of Neele. M. Potvin, without giving any reason for so doing, assumes that this Lord of Cambrein is none other than the Bishop of Cambrai. If this assumption be correct, the person referred to was probably either John of Berhune, who held the see from 1200 till July 27, 1219, or his successor Godfrey of Fontaines (Conde), who held it till 1237. To me, however, it seems more likely that the personage intended was in reality the 'Seingnor' of Cambrin, the chef-lieu of a canton of the same name, on a small hill overlooking the peat-marshes of Bethune, albeit I can find no other record of any such landed proprietor's existence.
Be this as it may, the Messire Jehan, Seingnor of Neele, can hardly be other than the John de Nesle who was present at the battle of Bouvines in 1214, and who in 1225 sold the lordship of Bruges to Joan of Flanders. (5) These dates therefore may be regarded as defining that of the original Romance within fairly narrow limits.
This conclusion is confirmed by other evidence. An early Welsh translation of the story was published with an English version and a glossary by the Rev. Robert Williams in the first volume of his "Selections from the Hengwrt MSS". (6) The first volume of this work is entitled "Y Seint Greal, being the adventures of King Arthur's knights of the Round Table, in the quest of the Holy Grail, and on other occasions. Originally written about the year 1200". The volume, following the manuscript now in the library of W.W.E. Wynne, Esq., at Peniarth, is divided into two parts. The first, fol. 1-109 of the manuscript, represents the thirteenth to the seventeenth book of Sir Thomas Malory's "Morte d'Arthur". Of the second, which represents the Romance here translated, Mr Williams writes: "The second portion of the Welsh Greal, folios 110-280, contains the adventures of Gwalchmei Peredur and Lancelot, and of the knights of the Round Table; but these are not found in the "Morte d'Arthur". The Peniarth MS. is beautifully written on vellum, and in perfect preservation, and its date is that of Henry VI., the early part of the fifteenth century. The orthography and style of writing agrees literally with that of the "Mabinogion of the Llyvr Coch Hergest", which is of that date. This, of course, is a transcript of an earlier copy; but there is no certainty when it was first translated into Welsh, though Aneurin Owen in his "Catalogue of the Hengwrt MSS." assigns it to the sixth year of Henry I. It is mentioned by Davydd ab Gwilym, who died in 1368."
Whatever may be the date of the Welsh version, the translator had no great mastery of French, and is often at fault as to the


1. The arctic circle.

2. A warm waterproof overshoe. [U.S.]

 ||Arc*tis"ca (&?;), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; bear.] (Zoöl.)
 A group of Arachnida. See Illust. in Appendix.

 Arc'to*ge"al (&?;), a. [Gr. &?; the north + &?;, &?;, country.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to arctic lands; as, the arctogeal fauna.

 ||Arc*toid"e*a (&?;), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; bear + -oid.]
 (Zoöl.) A group of the Carnivora, that includes the bears, weasels, etc.

 Arc*tu"rus (&?;), n. [L. Arcturus, Gr. &?; bearward, equiv. to &?;; &?; bear + &?; ward, guard. See Arctic.] (Anat.)
 A fixed star of the first magnitude in the constellation Boötes.

Arcturus has sometimes been incorrectly used as the name of the constellation, or even of Ursa Major.

 Canst thou guide Arcturus with his sons [Rev. Ver.: "the Bear with her train"]. Job xxxviii. 32.
 Arc"u*al (&?;), a. Of or pertaining to an arc.

Arcual measure of an angle (Math.), that in which the unit angle has its measuring arc equal to the radius of the circle.

 { Arc"u*ate (&?;), Arc"u*a'ted (&?;)(#), } a. [L. arcuatus, p. p. of arcuare to shape like a bow, fr. arcus. See Arc.]
 Bent or curved in the form of a bow. "Arcuate stalks." Gray.
 Arc"u*ate*ly (&?;), adv. In the form of a bow.

 Arc'u*a"tion (&?;), n. [L. arcuatio.] 1. The act of bending or curving; incurvation; the state of being bent; crookedness.
 Coxe.
2. (Hort.) A mode of propagating trees by bending branches to the ground, and covering the small shoots with earth; layering. Chambers.
 Ar"cu*ba*list (&?;), n. [See Arbalist.] A crossbow. Fosbroke.
 Ar'cu*bal"ist*er (&?;), n. [L. arcuballistarius. Cf.
 Arbalister.] A crossbowman; one who used the arcubalist. Camden.
 Ar"cu*bus (&?;), n. See Arquebus. [Obs.]

 -ard, -art. The termination of many English words; as, coward, reynard, drunkard, mostly from the French, in which language this ending is of German origin, being orig. the same word as English hard. It usually has the sense of one who has to a high or excessive degree the quality expressed by the root; as, braggart, sluggard.

 ||Ar*das"sine (&?;), n. [F. (cf. Sp. ardacina), fr. ardasse a kind of silk thread, fr. Ar. & Per. ardan a kind of raw silk.] A very fine sort of Persian silk.

 Ar"den*cy (&?;), n. 1. Heat. [R.] Sir T. Herbert.
2. Warmth of passion or affection; ardor; vehemence; eagerness; as, the ardency of love or zeal.

 Ar"dent (&?;), a. [OE. ardaunt, F. ardant, p. pr.
 of arder to burn, fr. L. ardere.] 1. Hot or burning; causing a sensation of burning; fiery; as, ardent spirits, that is, distilled liquors; an ardent fever.

2. Having the appearance or quality of fire; fierce; glowing; shining; as, ardent eyes. Dryden.
3. Warm, applied to the passions and affections; passionate; fervent; zealous; vehement; as, ardent love, feelings, zeal, hope, temper.

 An ardent and impetuous race. Macaulay.
Syn. -- Burning; hot; fiery; glowing; intense; fierce; vehement; eager; zealous; keen; fervid; fervent; passionate; affectionate.

 Ar"dent*ly (&?;), adv. In an ardent manner; eagerly; with warmth; affectionately; passionately.

 Ar"dent*ness, n. Ardency. [R.]

 Ar"dor (&?;), n. [L. ardor, fr. ardere to burn: cf. OF. ardor, ardur, F. ardeur.] [Spelt also ardour.]
 1. Heat, in a literal sense; as, the ardor of the sun's rays.

2. Warmth or heat of passion or affection; eagerness; zeal; as, he pursues study with ardor; the fought with ardor; martial ardor.

3. pl. Bright and effulgent spirits; seraphim. [Thus used by Milton.]

Syn. -- Fervor; warmth; eagerness. See Fervor.

 Ar"du*ous (?; 135), a. [L. arduus steep, high; akin to Ir.
 ard high, height.] 1. Steep and lofty, in a literal sense; hard to climb.

 Those arduous paths they trod. Pope.
2. Attended with great labor, like the ascending of acclivities; difficult; laborious; as, an arduous employment, task, or enterprise.

Syn. -- Difficult; trying; laborious; painful; exhausting. -- Arduous, Hard, Difficult. Hard is simpler, blunter, and more general in sense than difficult; as, a hard duty to perform, hard work, a hard task, one which requires much bodily effort and perseverance to do. Difficult commonly implies more skill and sagacity than hard, as when there is disproportion between the means and the end. A work may be hard but not difficult.
 We call a thing arduous when it requires strenuous and persevering exertion, like that of one who is climbing a precipice; as, an arduous task, an arduous duty. "It is often difficult to control our feelings; it is still harder to subdue our will; but it is an arduous undertaking to control the unruly and contending will of others."

 Ar"du*ous*ly, adv. In an arduous manner; with difficulty or laboriousness.

 Ar"du*ous*ness, n. The quality of being arduous; difficulty of execution.

 Ar"du*rous (&?;), a. Burning; ardent. [R.]

 Lo! further on, Where flames the arduous Spirit of Isidore.
Cary.
 Are (&?;). [AS. (Northumbrian) aron, akin to the 1st pers. pl.
 forms, Icel. erum, Goth. sijum, L. sumus, Gr. &?;, Skr. smas; all from a root as. &?; See Am and Is, and cf. Be.] The present indicative plural of the substantive verb to be; but etymologically a different word from be, or was. Am, art, are, and is, all come from the root as.

 Are (&?;), n. [F., fr. L. area. See Area.] (Metric system) The unit of superficial measure, being a square of which each side is ten meters in length; 100 square meters, or about 119.6 square yards.

 A"re*a ("r*; 277), n.; pl. Areas (-z). [L. area a broad piece of level ground. Cf. Are, n.] 1. Any plane surface, as of the floor of a


Their baptizations were null. Jer. Taylor.
 Bap*tize" (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Baptized (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Baptizing.] [F. baptiser, L. baptizare, fr.Gr. &?;. See Baptism.] 1. To administer the sacrament of baptism to.

2. To christen ( because a name is given to infants at their baptism); to give a name to; to name.

 I'll be new baptized; Henceforth I never will be Romeo.
Shak.
3. To sanctify; to consecrate.

 Bap*tize"ment (&?;), n. The act of baptizing. [R.]

 Bap*tiz"er (&?;), n. One who baptizes.

 Bar (bär), n. [OE. barre, F. barre, fr. LL. barra, W. bar the branch of a tree, bar, baren branch, Gael. & Ir. barra bar. √91.] 1. A piece of wood, metal, or other material, long in proportion to its breadth or thickness, used as a lever and for various other purposes, but especially for a hindrance, obstruction, or fastening; as, the bars of a fence or gate; the bar of a door.

 Thou shalt make bars of shittim wood. Ex. xxvi. 26.
2. An indefinite quantity of some substance, so shaped as to be long in proportion to its breadth and thickness; as, a bar of gold or of lead; a bar of soap.

3. Anything which obstructs, hinders, or prevents; an obstruction; a barrier.

 Must I new bars to my own joy create? Dryden.
 4. A bank of sand, gravel, or other matter, esp. at the mouth of a river or harbor, obstructing navigation.

5. Any railing that divides a room, or office, or hall of assembly, in order to reserve a space for those having special privileges; as, the bar of the House of Commons.

6. (Law) (a) The railing that incloses the place which counsel occupy in courts of justice. Hence, the phrase at the bar of the court signifies in open court. (b) The place in court where prisoners are stationed for arraignment, trial, or sentence.
 (c) The whole body of lawyers licensed in a court or district; the legal profession. (d) A special plea constituting a sufficient answer to plaintiff's action.

7. Any tribunal; as, the bar of public opinion; the bar of God.

8. A barrier or counter, over which liquors and food are passed to customers; hence, the portion of the room behind the counter where liquors for sale are kept.

9. (Her.) An ordinary, like a fess but narrower, occupying only one fifth part of the field.

10. A broad shaft, or band, or stripe; as, a bar of light; a bar of color.

11. (Mus.) A vertical line across the staff. Bars divide the staff into spaces which represent measures, and are themselves called measures.

 A double bar marks the end of a strain or main division of a movement, or of a whole piece of music; in psalmody, it marks the end of a line of poetry. The term bar is very often loosely used for measure, i.e., for such length of music, or of silence, as is included between one bar and the next; as, a passage of eight bars; two bars' rest.

12. (Far.) pl. (a) The space between the tusks and grinders in the upper jaw of a horse, in which the bit is placed. (b) The part of the crust of a horse's hoof which is bent inwards towards the frog at the heel on each side, and extends into the center of the sole.

13. (Mining) (a) A drilling or tamping rod. (b) A vein or dike crossing a lode.

14. (Arch.) (a) A gatehouse of a castle or fortified town. (b) A slender strip of wood which divides and supports the glass of a window; a sash bar.

Bar shoe (Far.), a kind of horseshoe having a bar across the usual opening at the heel, to protect a tender frog from injury. -- Bar shot, a double headed shot, consisting of a bar, with a ball or half ball at each end; -- formerly used for destroying the masts or rigging in naval combat. -- Bar sinister (Her.), a term popularly but erroneously used for baton, a mark of illegitimacy. See Baton. -- Bar tracery (Arch.), ornamental stonework resembling bars of iron twisted into the forms required. -- Blank bar (Law).
 See Blank. -- Case at bar (Law), a case presently before the court; a case under argument. -- In bar of, as a sufficient reason against; to prevent. -- Matter in bar, or Defence in bar, any matter which is a final defense in an action. -- Plea in bar, a plea which goes to bar or defeat the plaintiff's action absolutely and entirely. -- Trial at bar (Eng. Law), a trial before all the judges of one the superior courts of Westminster, or before a quorum representing the full court.

 Bar (bär), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Barred (bärd); p. pr. & vb. n. Barring.] [ F. barrer. See Bar, n.]
 1. To fasten with a bar; as, to bar a door or gate.

2. To restrict or confine, as if by a bar; to hinder; to obstruct; to prevent; to prohibit; as, to bar the entrance of evil; distance bars our intercourse; the statute bars my right; the right is barred by time; a release bars the plaintiff's recovery; -- sometimes with up.

 He barely looked the idea in the face, and hastened to bar it in its dungeon. Hawthorne.
3. To except; to exclude by exception.

 Nay, but I bar to-night: you shall not gauge me By what we do to-night. Shak.
4. To cross with one or more stripes or lines.

 For the sake of distinguishing the feet more clearly, I have barred them singly. Burney.
 Barb (&?;), n. [F. barbe, fr. L. barba beard. See Beard, n.] 1. Beard, or that which resembles it, or grows in the place of it.

 The barbel, so called by reason of his barbs, or wattles in his mouth. Walton.
2. A muffler, worn by nuns and mourners. [Obs.]

3. pl. Paps, or little projections, of the mucous membrane, which mark the opening of the submaxillary glands under the tongue in horses and cattle. The name is mostly applied when the barbs are inflamed and swollen. [Written also barbel and barble.]

4. The point that stands backward in an arrow, fishhook, etc., to prevent it from being easily extracted. Hence: Anything which stands out with a sharp point obliquely or crosswise to something else. "Having two barbs or points." Ascham.
5. A bit for a horse. [Obs.] Spenser.
6. (Zoöl.) One of the side branches of a feather, which collectively constitute the vane. See Feather.

7. (Zoöl.) A southern name for the kingfishes of the eastern and southeastern coasts of the United States; -- also improperly called whiting.

8. (Bot.) A hair or bristle ending in a double hook.

 Barb, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Barbed (&?;); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Barbing.] 1. To shave or dress the beard of. [Obs.]


is chiefly spoken by native Hindoos. In employs the Devanagari character, in which Sanskrit is written. Whitworth.
 Hind"ley"s screw' (?). (Mech.) A screw cut on a solid whose sides are arcs of the periphery of a wheel into the teeth of which the screw is intended to work. It is named from the person who first used the form.

 { Hin"doo, Hin"du } (?; 277), n.; pl. Hindoos (#) or Hindus. [Per. Hind, fr. Hind, Hindstn, India.
 Cf. Indian.] A native inhabitant of Hindostan. As an ethnical term it is confined to the Dravidian and Aryan races; as a religious name it is restricted to followers of the Veda.

 { Hin"doo*ism, Hin"du*ism } (?), n. The religious doctrines and rites of the Hindoos; Brahmanism.

 { Hin"doo*sta"nee, Hin"du*sta"ni } (?), a. [Hind. Hindstn an Indian, fr. Hind. and Per. Hindstn India.] Of or pertaining to the Hindoos or their language. -- n. The language of Hindostan; the name given by Europeans to the most generally spoken of the modern Aryan languages of India. It is Hindi with the addition of Persian and Arabic words.

 Hin"drance (?), n. [See Hinder, v. t.] 1. The act of hindering, or the state of being hindered.

2. That which hinders; an impediment.

 What various hindrances we meet.

Cowper.
 Something between a hindrance and a help.

Wordsworth.
Syn. -- Impediment; obstruction; obstacle; difficulty; interruption; check; delay; restraint.

 Hin"du (?), n. Same as Hindoo.

 Hine (?), n. [See Hind a servant.] A servant; a farm laborer; a peasant; a hind. [Obs.]

 Bailiff, herd, nor other hine.

Chaucer.
 Hinge (?), n. [OE. henge, heeng; akin to D. heng, LG. henge, Prov. E. hingle a small hinge; connected with hang, v., and Icel. hengja to hang. See Hang.]

1. The hook with its eye, or the joint, on which a door, gate, lid, etc., turns or swings; a flexible piece, as a strip of leather, which serves as a joint to turn on.

 The gate self-opened wide, On golden hinges turning.

Milton.
2. That on which anything turns or depends; a governing principle; a cardinal point or rule; as, this argument was the hinge on which the question turned.

3. One of the four cardinal points, east, west, north, or south.
 [R.]

 When the moon is in the hinge at East.

Creech.
 Nor slept the winds... but rushed abroad.

Milton.
Hinge joint. (a) (Anat.) See Ginglymus. (b) (Mech.)
 Any joint resembling a hinge, by which two pieces are connected so as to permit relative turning in one plane. -- To be off the hinges, to be in a state of disorder or irregularity; to have lost proper adjustment.
 Tillotson.
 Hinge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hinged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hinging (?).] 1. To attach by, or furnish with, hinges.

2. To bend. [Obs.] Shak.
 Hinge (?), v. i. To stand, depend, hang, or turn, as on a hinge; to depend chiefly for a result or decision or for force and validity; -- usually with on or upon; as, the argument hinges on this point. I. Taylor Hinged (?), a. Furnished with hinges.

 Hinge"less (?), a. Without a hinge or joint.

 Hink (?), n. A reaping hook. Knight.
 { Hin"ni*ate (?), Hin"ny (?) } v. i. [L. hinnire.] To neigh; to whinny. [Obs.]

 Hin"ny, n.; pl. Hinnies (#). [L. hinnus, cf.
 Gr. &?;.] A hybrid between a stallion and an ass.

 Hin"ny, n. A term of endearment; darling; -- corrupted from honey.
 [Prov. Eng.] Wright.
 Hint (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hinting.] [OE. henten, hinten, to seize, to catch, AS. hentan to pursue, take, seize; or Icel. ymta to mutter, ymtr a muttering, Dan. ymte to whisper. √36.
 Cf. Hent.] To bring to mind by a slight mention or remote allusion; to suggest in an indirect manner; as, to hint a suspicion.

 Just hint a fault and hesitate dislike.

Pope.
Syn. -- To suggest; intimate; insinuate; imply.

 Hint, v. i. To make an indirect reference, suggestion, or allusion; to allude vaguely to something.

 We whisper, and hint, and chuckle.

Tennyson.
To hint at, to allude to lightly, indirectly, or cautiously.

Syn. -- To allude; refer; glance; touch.

 Hint, n. A remote allusion; slight mention; intimation; insinuation; a suggestion or reminder, without a full declaration or explanation; also, an occasion or motive.

 Our hint of woe Is common.

Shak.
 The hint malevolent, the look oblique.

Hannah More.
Syn. -- Suggestion; allusion. See Suggestion.

 Hint"ing*ly (?), adv. In a hinting manner.

 Hip (?), n. [OE. hipe, huppe, AS. hype; akin to D. heup, OHG. huf, G. hüfte, Dan. hofte, Sw. höft, Goth. hups; cf. Icel. huppr, and also Gr. &?; the hollow above the hips of cattle, and Lith. kumpis ham.]

1. The projecting region of the lateral parts of one side of the pelvis and the hip joint; the haunch; the huckle.

2. (Arch.) The external angle formed by the meeting of two sloping sides or skirts of a roof, which have their wall plates running in different directions.

3. (Engin) In a bridge truss, the place where an inclined end post meets the top chord. Waddell.
Hip bone (Anat.), the innominate bone; -- called also haunch bone and huckle bone. -- Hip girdle (Anat.), the pelvic girdle. -- Hip joint (Anat.), the articulation between the thigh bone and hip bone. -- Hip knob (Arch.), a finial, ball, or other ornament at the intersection of the hip rafters and the ridge. -- Hip molding (Arch.), a molding on the hip of a roof, covering the hip joint of the slating or other roofing. -- Hip rafter (Arch.), the rafter extending from the wall plate to the ridge in the angle of a hip roof. -- Hip roof, Hipped roof (Arch.), a roof having sloping ends and sloping sides. See Hip, n., 2., and Hip, v. t., 3. -- Hip tile, a tile made to cover the hip of a roof. -- To catch upon the hip, or To have on the hip, to have or get the advantage of; -- a figure probably derived from wresting. Shak. -- To smite hip and thigh, to overthrow completely; to defeat utterly. Judg. xv. 8.
 Hip, v. t. [imp. & p


poplar), and Abies balsamea (balsam fir).

 Balm, v. t. To anoint with balm, or with anything medicinal. Hence: To soothe; to mitigate. [Archaic] Shak.
 Balm"i*fy (&?;), v. t. [Balm + - fy.] To render balmy. [Obs.] Cheyne.
 Balm"i*ly, adv. In a balmy manner. Coleridge.
 Bal*mor"al (&?;), n. [From Balmoral Castle, in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.] 1. A long woolen petticoat, worn immediately under the dress.

2. A kind of stout walking shoe, laced in front.

 A man who uses his balmorals to tread on your toes. George Eliot.
 Balm"y (&?;), a. 1. Having the qualities of balm; odoriferous; aromatic; assuaging; soothing; refreshing; mild. "The balmy breeze." Tickell.
 Tired nature's sweet restorer, balmy sleep! Young.
2. Producing balm. "The balmy tree." Pope.
Syn. -- Fragrant; sweet-scented; odorous; spicy.

 Bal"ne*al (&?;), a. [L. balneum bath.] Of or pertaining to a bath. Howell.
 Bal"ne*a*ry (&?;), n. [L. balnearium, fr. balneum bath.] A bathing room. Sir T. Browne.
 Bal'ne*a"tion (&?;), n. [LL. balneare to bathe, fr. L. balneum bath.] The act of bathing. [R.]

 Bal"ne*a*to*ry (&?;), a. [L. balneatorius.] Belonging to a bath. [Obs.]

 Bal'ne*og"ra*phy (&?;), n. [L. balneum bath + -graphy.]
 A description of baths.

 Bal'ne*ol"o*gy (&?;), n. [L. balneum bath + -logy.]
 A treatise on baths; the science of bathing.

 Bal'ne*o*ther"a*py (&?;), n. [L. balneum bath + Gr.
 qerapey'ein to heal.] The treatment of disease by baths.

 Bal"o*tade' (bl"l*täd' or - td'), n. See Ballotade.

 ||Bal"sa (&?;), n. [Sp. or Pg. balsa.] (Naut.) A raft or float, used principally on the Pacific coast of South America.

 Bal"sam (bl"sam), n. [L. balsamum the balsam tree or its resin, Gr. ba'lsamon. See Balm, n.] 1. A resin containing more or less of an essential or volatile oil.

 The balsams are aromatic resinous substances, flowing spontaneously or by incision from certain plants. A great variety of substances pass under this name, but the term is now usually restricted to resins which, in addition to a volatile oil, contain benzoic and cinnamic acid. Among the true balsams are the balm of Gilead, and the balsams of copaiba, Peru, and Tolu. There are also many pharmaceutical preparations and resinous substances, possessed of a balsamic smell, to which the name balsam has been given.

2. (Bot.) (a) A species of tree (Abies balsamea).
 (b) An annual garden plant (Impatiens balsamina) with beautiful flowers; balsamine.

3. Anything that heals, soothes, or restores.

 Was not the people's blessing a balsam to thy blood? Tennyson.
Balsam apple (Bot.), an East Indian plant (Momordica balsamina), of the gourd family, with red or orangeyellow cucumber-shaped fruit of the size of a walnut, used as a vulnerary, and in liniments and poultices. -- Balsam fir (Bot.), the American coniferous tree, Abies balsamea, from which the useful Canada balsam is derived. -- Balsam of copaiba. See Copaiba. -- Balsam of Mecca, balm of Gilead. -- Balsam of Peru, a reddish brown, syrupy balsam, obtained from a Central American tree (Myroxylon Pereiræ and used as a stomachic and expectorant, and in the treatment of ulcers, etc. It was long supposed to be a product of Peru. -- Balsam of Tolu, a reddish or yellowish brown semisolid or solid balsam, obtained from a South American tree (Myroxylon toluiferum). It is highly fragrant, and is used as a stomachic and expectorant. -- Balsam tree, any tree from which balsam is obtained, esp. the Abies balsamea. -- Canada balsam, Balsam of fir, Canada turpentine, a yellowish, viscid liquid, which, by time and exposure, becomes a transparent solid mass. It is obtained from the balm of Gilead (or balsam) fir (Abies balsamea) by breaking the vesicles upon the trunk and branches. See Balm.

 Bal"sam (&?;), v. t. To treat or anoint with balsam; to relieve, as with balsam; to render balsamic.

 Bal'sam*a"tion (bl'sam*"shn or bl'-), n. 1.
 The act of imparting balsamic properties.

2. The art or process of embalming.

 { Bal*sam"ic (bl*sm"k or bl-; 277), Bal*sam"ic*al (&?;), } a.
 [Cf. F. balsamique.] Having the qualities of balsam; containing, or resembling, balsam; soft; mitigative; soothing; restorative.

 Bal'sam*if"er*ous (bl'sam*f"r*s or bl'-), a. [Balsam + -ferous.] Producing balsam.

 Bal"sam*ine (&?;), n. [Cf. F. balsamine, fr. Gr.
 balsami'nh balsam plant.] (Bot.) The Impatiens balsamina, or garden balsam.

 Bal"sam*ous (&?;), a. Having the quality of balsam; containing balsam. "A balsamous substance." Sterne.
 Bal"ter (&?;), v. t. [Etymol. uncertain. Cf. Bloodboltered.] To stick together. [Obs.] Holland.
 Bal"tic (&?;), a. [NL. mare Balticum, fr. L. balteus belt, from certain straits or channels surrounding its isles, called belts. See Belt.] Of or pertaining to the sea which separates Norway and Sweden from Jutland, Denmark, and Germany; situated on the Baltic Sea.

 { Bal"ti*more bird' (&?;). Bal"ti*more o"ri*ole (&?;). } (Zoöl.)
 A common American bird (Icterus galbula), named after Lord Baltimore, because its colors (black and orange red) are like those of his coat of arms; -- called also golden robin.

 Bal"us*ter (&?;), n. [F. balustre, It. balaustro, fr. L. balaustium the flower of the wild pomegranate, fr. Gr.
 balay'stion; -- so named from the similarity of form.] (Arch.) A small column or pilaster, used as a support to the rail of an open parapet, to guard the side of a staircase, or the front of a gallery. See Balustrade. [Corrupted into banister.]

 Bal"us*tered


which differ in refrangibility may be parted and sorted from one another.

Sir I. Newton.
2. To reduce to order from a confused state. Hooker.
3. To conjoin; to put together in distribution; to class.

 Shellfish have been, by some of the ancients, compared and sorted with insects.

Bacon.
 She sorts things present with things past.

Sir J. Davies.
4. To choose from a number; to select; to cull.

 That he may sort out a worthy spouse.

Chapman.
 I'll sort some other time to visit you.

Shak.
5. To conform; to adapt; to accommodate. [R.]

 I pray thee, sort thy heart to patience.

Shak.
 Sort, v. i. 1. To join or associate with others, esp. with others of the same kind or species; to agree.

 Nor do metals only sort and herd with metals in the earth, and minerals with minerals.

Woodward.
 The illiberality of parents towards children makes them base, and sort with any company.

Bacon.
2. To suit; to fit; to be in accord; to harmonize.

 They are happy whose natures sort with their vocations.

Bacon.
 Things sort not to my will.

herbert.
 I can not tell you precisely how they sorted.

Sir W. Scott.
 Sort"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. sortable suitable.] 1.
 Capable of being sorted.

2. Suitable; befitting; proper. [Obs.] con.
 Sort"a*bly, adv. Suitable. [Obs.] otgrave.
 Sort"al (?), a. Pertaining to a sort. [Obs.] Locke.
 Sort"ance (?), n. [From Sort, v. i.] Suitableness; agreement. [Obs.] hak.
 Sort"er (?), n. One who, or that which, sorts.

 ||Sor"tes (?), n., pl. of Sors.

 Sor"tie (?; 277), n. [F., fr. sortir to go out, to issue, probably fr. L. sortus, for surrectus, p. p. of surgere to raise up, to rise up. See Source.] (Mil.) The sudden issuing of a body of troops, usually small, from a besieged place to attack or harass the besiegers; a sally.

 Sor"ti*lege (?), n. [F. sortilège, fr. L. sors, sortis, a lot + legere to gather, to select.] The act or practice of drawing lots; divination by drawing lots.

 A woman infamous for sortileges and witcheries.

Sir W. Scott.
 Sor'ti*le"gious (?), a. Pertaining to sortilege.

 Sor"til"e*gy (?), n. Sortilege. [R.] De Quincey.
 Sor*ti"tion (?), n. [L. sortitio, from sortiri to draw or cast lots, fr. sors, sortis, a lot.] Selection or appointment by lot. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
 Sort"ment (?), n. Assortiment. [Obs.]

 ||So"rus (?), n.; pl. Sori (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a heap.] (Bot.) One of the fruit dots, or small clusters of sporangia, on the back of the fronds of ferns.

 Sor"we (?), n. & v. Sorrow. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Sor"we*ful (?), a. Sorrowful. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 So"ry (?), n. [L. sory, Gr. &?;.] (Old Min. Chem.)
 Green vitriol, or some earth imregnated with it.

 So"-so' (?), a. [So + so.] Neither very good nor very bad; middling; passable; tolerable; indifferent.

 In some Irish houses, where things are soso, One gammon of bacon hangs up for a show.

Goldsmith.
 He [Burns] certainly wrote some so-so verses to the Tree of Liberty.

Prof. Wilson.
 So"-so', adv. Tolerably; passably. H. James.
 Soss (?; 115), v. i. [Cf. Souse.] To fall at once into a chair or seat; to sit lazily. [Obs.] Swift.
 Soss, v. t. To throw in a negligent or careless manner; to toss.
 [Obs.] Swift.
 Soss, n. 1. A lazy fellow. [Obs.] Cotgrave.
2. A heavy fall. [Prov. Eng.] Hallowell.
 Soss, n. [See Sesspol.] Anything dirty or muddy; a dirty puddle.
 [Prov. Eng.]

 ||Sos'te*nu"to (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Sustained; -- applied to a movement or passage the sounds of which are to sustained to the utmost of the nominal value of the time; also, to a passage the tones of which are to be somewhat prolonged or protacted.

 Sot (?), n. [F., fr. LL. sottus; of unknown origin, cf. Ir.
 sotal pride, soithir proud, or Chald. & NHeb. shoten foolish.] 1. A stupid person; a blockhead; a dull fellow; a dolt.
 [Obs.] outh.
 In Egypt oft has seen the sot bow down, And reverence some d&?;ified baboon.

Oldham.
2. A person stupefied by excessive drinking; an habitual drunkard.
 "A brutal sot." Granville.
 Every sign That calls the staring sots to nasty wine.

Roscommon.
 Sot (?), a. Sottish; foolish; stupid; dull. [Obs.] "Rich, but sot."
 Marston.
 Sot, v. t. To stupefy; to infatuate; to besot. [R.]

 I hate to see a brave, bold fellow sotted.

Dryden.
 Sot, v. i. To tipple to stupidity. [R.] Goldsmith.
 So'ta*de"an (?), a. Sotadic.

 So*tad"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, the lascivious compositions of the Greek poet Sotades. -- n. A Sotadic verse or poem.

 Sote (?), a. Sweet. [Obs.] Chaucer. Fairfax.
 { So"tel (?), So"til (?) }, a. Subtile. [Obs.]

 So*te'ri*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; safety (from &?; saving, &?; a savoir, &?; to save) + -logy.] 1. A discourse on health, or the science of promoting and preserving health.

2. (Theol.) The doctrine of salvation by Jesus Christ.

 Sothe (? or?), a. Sooth. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 { So"thi*ac (?), Soth"ic (?) }, a. Of or pertaining to Sothis, the Egyptian name for the Dog Star; taking its name from the Dog Star; canicular.

Sothiac, or Sothic, year (Chronol.), the Egyptian year of 365 days and 6 hours, as distinguished from the Egyptian vague year, which contained 365 days. The Sothic period consists of 1,460 Sothic years, being equal to 1,461 vague years. One of these periods ended in July, a. d. 139.

 So"til*te (?), n. Subtlety. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Sot"ted (?), a. & p. p. of Sot. Befooled; deluded; besotted.
 [Obs.] "This sotted priest." Chaucer.
 Sot"ter*y (?), n. Folly. [Obs.] Gauden.
 Sot"tish (?), a. [From Sot.] Like a sot; doltish; very foolish; drunken.

 How ignorant are sottish pretenders to astrology!

Swift.
Syn. -- Dull; stupid; senseless


to except or excuse from he operation of a law; to grant immunity to; to free from obligation; to release; as, to exempt from military duty, or from jury service; to exempt from fear or pain.

 Death So snatched will not exempt us from the pain We are by doom to pay.

Milton.
 Ex*empt"i*ble (?), a. That may be exempted.

 Ex*emp"tion (?), n. [L. exenptio a removing: cf. F. exemption exemption.] The act of exempting; the state of being exempt; freedom from any charge, burden, evil, etc., to which others are subject; immunity; privilege; as, exemption of certain articles from seizure; exemption from military service; exemption from anxiety, suffering, etc.

 Ex'emp*ti"tious (?), a. Separable. [Obs.] "Exemptitious from matter." Dr. H. More.
 Ex*en"ter*ate (?), v. t. [L. exenteratus, p. p. of exenterare; cf. Gr. &?;; &?; out + &?; intestine.] To take out the bowels or entrails of; to disembowel; to eviscerate; as, exenterated fishes. [R.]

Exenterated rule-mongers and eviscerated logicians.

Hare.
 Ex*en'ter*a"tion (?), n. [LL. exenteratio.] Act of exenterating. [R.]

 ||Ex'e*qua"tur (?), n. [L., 3d pers. sing. pres. subj. of exequi, exsequi, to perform, execute.] 1. A written official recognition of a consul or commercial agent, issued by the government to which he is accredited, and authorizing him to exercise his powers in the place to which he is assigned.

2. Official recognition or permission. Prescott.
 Ex*e"qui*al (?), a. [L. exequialis, exsequialis, fr.
 exsequiae exequies.] Of or pertaining to funerals; funereal.

 Ex*e"qui*ous (?), a. Funereal. [Obs.] Drayton.
 Ex"e*quy (?), n.; pl. Exequies (#). [L. exequiae, exsequiae, a funeral procession, fr. exsequi to follow out: cf. OF. exeques. See Exequte.] A funeral rite (usually in the plural); the ceremonies of burial; obsequies; funeral procession.

 But see his exequies fulfilled in Rouen.

Shak.
 Ex*er"cent (?), a. [L. exercents, -entis, p. pr. of exercere. See Exercise.] Practicing; professional. [Obs.] "Every exercent advocate." Ayliffe.
 Ex"er*ci'sa*ble (?) a. That may be exercised, used, or exerted.

 Ex"er*cise (?), n. [F. exercice, L. exercitium, from exercere, exercitum, to drive on, keep, busy, prob. orig., to thrust or drive out of the inclosure; ex out + arcere to shut up, inclose. See Ark.] 1. The act of exercising; a setting in action or practicing; employment in the proper mode of activity; exertion; application; use; habitual activity; occupation, in general; practice.

 exercise of the important function confided by the constitution to the legislature.

Jefferson.
 O we will walk this world, Yoked in all exercise of noble end.

Tennyson.
2. Exertion for the sake of training or improvement whether physical, intellectual, or moral; practice to acquire skill, knowledge, virtue, perfectness, grace, etc. "Desire of knightly exercise." Spenser.
 An exercise of the eyes and memory.

Locke.
3. Bodily exertion for the sake of keeping the organs and functions in a healthy state; hygienic activity; as, to take exercise on horseback.

 The wise for cure on exercise depend.

Dryden.
4. The performance of an office, a ceremony, or a religious duty.

 Lewis refused even those of the church of England... the public exercise of their religion.

Addison.
 To draw him from his holy exercise.

Shak.
5. That which is done for the sake of exercising, practicing, training, or promoting skill, health, mental, improvement, moral discipline, etc.; that which is assigned or prescribed for such ends; hence, a disquisition; a lesson; a task; as, military or naval exercises; musical exercises; an exercise in composition.

 The clumsy exercises of the European tourney.

Prescott.
 He seems to have taken a degree, and performed public exercises in Cambridge, in 1565.

Brydges.
6. That which gives practice; a trial; a test.

 Patience is more oft the exercise Of saints, the trial of their fortitude.

Milton.
Exercise bone (Med.), a deposit of bony matter in the soft tissues, produced by pressure or exertion.

 Ex"er*cise (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Exercised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Exercising (?).] 1. To set in action; to cause to act, move, or make exertion; to give employment to; to put in action habitually or constantly; to school or train; to exert repeatedly; to busy.

 Herein do I Exercise myself, to have always a conscience void of offence.

Acts xxiv. 16.
2. To exert for the sake of training or improvement; to practice in order to develop; hence, also, to improve by practice; to discipline, and to use or to for the purpose of training; as, to exercise arms; to exercise one's self in music; to exercise troops.

 About him exercised heroic games The unarmed youth.

Milton.
3. To occupy the attention and effort of; to task; to tax, especially in a painful or vexatious manner; harass; to vex; to worry or make anxious; to affect; to discipline; as, exercised with pain.

 Where pain of unextinguishable fire Must exercise us without hope of end.

Milton.
4. To put in practice; to carry out in action; to perform the duties of; to use; to employ; to practice; as, to exercise authority; to exercise an office.

 I am the Lord which exercise loving-kindness, judgment, and righteousness in the earth.

Jer. ix. 24.
 The people of the land have used oppression and exercised robbery.

Ezek. xxii. 29.
 Ex"er*cise, v. i. To exercise one's self, as under military training; to drill; to take exercise; to use action or exertion; to practice gymnastics; as, to exercise for health or amusement.

 I wear my trusty sword, When I do exercise.

Cowper.
 Ex"er*ci'ser (?), n. One who exercises.

 Ex"er*ci'si*ble (?), a. Capable of being exercised, employed, or enforced; as, the authority of a magistrate is exercisible within his jurisdiction.

 Ex*er'ci*ta"tion (?), n. [L. exercitatio, fr. exercitare, intense., fr. exercere to exercise: Cf. f. exercitation.]
 exercise; practice; use. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
 Ex*ergue" (?), n. [F., fr. Gr. &?; out + &?; work; lit., out work, i. e., accessory work. See Work.] (Numis.) The small space beneath the base line of a subject engraved on a coin or


affairs; anyhow.

 A"ny, adv. To any extent; in any degree; at all.

 You are not to go loose any longer. Shak.
 Before you go any farther. Steele.
 A"ny*bod*y (&?;), n. 1. Any one out of an indefinite number of persons; anyone; any person.

 His Majesty could not keep any secret from anybody. Macaulay.
2. A person of consideration or standing. [Colloq.]

 All the men belonged exclusively to the mechanical and shopkeeping classes, and there was not a single banker or anybody in the list. Lond. Sat. Rev.
 A"ny*how' (&?;), adv. In any way or manner whatever; at any rate; in any event.

Anyhow, it must be acknowledged to be not a simple selforiginated error. J. H. Newman.
Anyhow, the languages of the two nations were closely allied.
E. A. Freeman.
 A"ny*one (&?;), n. One taken at random rather than by selection; anybody. [Commonly written as two words.]

 A"ny*thing (&?;), n. 1. Any object, act, state, event, or fact whatever; thing of any kind; something or other; aught; as, I would not do it for anything.

 Did you ever know of anything so unlucky? A. Trollope.
 They do not know that anything is amiss with them. W. G. Sumner.
2. Expressing an indefinite comparison; -- with as or like.
 [Colloq. or Lowx] I fear your girl will grow as proud as anything. Richardson.
Any thing, written as two words, is now commonly used in contradistinction to any person or anybody. Formerly it was also separated when used in the wider sense. "Necessity drove them to undertake any thing and venture any thing." De Foe.
Anything but, not at all or in any respect. "The battle was a rare one, and the victory anything but secure." Hawthorne. -- Anything like, in any respect; at all; as, I can not give anything like a fair sketch of his trials.

 A"ny*thing, adv. In any measure; anywise; at all.

 Mine old good will and hearty affection towards you is not... anything at all quailed. Robynson (More's Utopia).
 A'ny*thing*a"ri*an (&?;), n. One who holds to no particular creed or dogma.

 { A"ny*way (&?;), A"ny*ways (&?;), } adv. Anywise; at all.
 Tennyson. Southey.
 A"ny*where (&?;), adv. In any place. Udall.
 A"ny*whith'er (&?;), adv. To or towards any place. [Archaic] De Foe.
 A"ny*wise (&?;), adv. In any wise or way; at all. "Anywise essential." Burke.
 A*o"ni*an (*"n*an), a. [From Aonia, a part of Bœotia, in Greece.] Pertaining to Aonia, in Bœotia, or to the Muses, who were supposed to dwell there.

Aonian fount, the fountain of Aganippe, at the foot of Mount Helicon, not far from Thebes, and sacred to the Muses.

 A"o*rist ("*rst), n. [Gr. 'ao'ristos indefinite; 'a priv. + "ori'zein to define, &?; boundary, limit.] (Gram.) A tense in the Greek language, which expresses an action as completed in past time, but leaves it, in other respects, wholly indeterminate.

 A'o*ris"tic (&?;), a. [Gr. 'aoristiko's.] Indefinite; pertaining to the aorist tense.

 A*or"ta (&?;), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to lift, heave.] (Anat.) The great artery which carries the blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs; the main trunk of the arterial system.

 In fishes and the early stages of all higher vertebrates the aorta divides near its origin into several branches (the aortic arches) which pass in pairs round the œsophagus and unite to form the systemic aorta. One or more pairs of these arches persist in amphibia and reptiles, but only one arch in birds and mammals, this being on the right side in the former, and on the left in the latter.

 A*or"tic (&?;), a. Of or pertaining to the aorta.

 ||A'or*ti"tis (&?;), n. [Aorta + - itis.] (Med.)
 Inflammation of the aorta.

 ||A"ou*dad (&?;), n. [The Moorish name.] (Zoöl.) An African sheeplike quadruped (the Ammotragus tragelaphus) having a long mane on the breast and fore legs. It is, perhaps, the chamois of the Old Testament.

 A*pace" (&?;), adv. [Pref. a- + pace. OE. a pas at a walk, in which a is the article. See Pace.] With a quick pace; quick; fast; speedily.

 His dewy locks did drop with brine apace. Spenser.
 A visible triumph of the gospel draws on apace. I. Taylor.
 A*pa"ches (&?;), n. pl.; sing. Apache (&?;). (Ethnol.)
 A group of nomadic North American Indians including several tribes native of Arizona, New Mexico, etc.

 Ap'a*go"ge (&?;), n. [Gr. &?; a leading away, fr. &?; to lead away; &?; from + &?; to lead.] (Logic) An indirect argument which proves a thing by showing the impossibility or absurdity of the contrary.

 { Ap'a*gog"ic (&?;), Ap'a*gog"ic*al (&?;), } a. Proving indirectly, by showing the absurdity, or impossibility of the contrary. Bp.
 Berkeley.
 A*paid" (&?;), a. Paid; pleased. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 A*pair" (&?;), v. t. & i. To impair or become impaired; to injure. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Ap'a*la"chi*an, a. See Appalachian.

 Ap"an*age, n. Same as Appanage.

 A*pan"thro*py (&?;), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; from + &?; man.] An aversion to the company of men; a love of solitude.

 ||A"par (&?;), A"pa*ra (&?;), n. [Native name apara.]
 (Zoöl.) See Mataco.

 ||A'pa*re"jo (&?;), n. [Sp.] A kind of pack saddle used in the American military service and among the Spanish Americans. It is made of leather stuffed with hay, moss, or the like.

 ||Ap'a*rith"me*sis (?; 277), n. [Gr. &?;, from &?; to count off or over.] (Rhet.) Enumeration of parts or particulars.

 A*part" (&?;), adv. [F. à part; (L. ad) + part part. See Part.] 1. Separately, in regard to space or company; in a state of separation as to place; aside.

 Others apart sat on a hill retired. Milton.
 The Lord hath set apart him that is godly for himself. Ps.
 iv. 3.
2. In a state of separation, of exclusion, or of distinction,


a boat. [Obs.]

 The bail of a canoe... made of a human skull. Capt.
 Cook.
 Bail, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bailed (bld); p. pr. & vb. n. Bailing.] 1. To lade; to dip and throw; -- usually with out; as, to bail water out of a boat.

 Buckets... to bail out the water. Capt. J. Smith.
2. To dip or lade water from; -- often with out to express completeness; as, to bail a boat.

 By the help of a small bucket and our hats we bailed her out.
R. H. Dana, Jr.
 Bail, v. t. [OF. bailler to give, to deliver, fr. L. bajulare to bear a burden, keep in custody, fr. bajulus he who bears burdens.] 1. To deliver; to release. [Obs.]

 Ne none there was to rescue her, ne none to bail. Spenser.
2. (Law) (a) To set free, or deliver from arrest, or out of custody, on the undertaking of some other person or persons that he or they will be responsible for the appearance, at a certain day and place, of the person bailed.

 The word is applied to the magistrate or the surety. The magistrate bails (but admits to bail is commoner) a man when he liberates him from arrest or imprisonment upon bond given with sureties. The surety bails a person when he procures his release from arrest by giving bond for his appearance. Blackstone.
(b) To deliver, as goods in trust, for some special object or purpose, upon a contract, expressed or implied, that the trust shall be faithfully executed on the part of the bailee, or person intrusted; as, to bail cloth to a tailor to be made into a garment; to bail goods to a carrier. Blackstone. Kent.
 Bail, n. [OF. bail guardian, administrator, fr. L. bajulus.
 See Bail to deliver.] 1. Custody; keeping. [Obs.]

 Silly Faunus now within their bail. Spenser.
2. (Law) (a) The person or persons who procure the release of a prisoner from the custody of the officer, or from imprisonment, by becoming surety for his appearance in court.

 The bail must be real, substantial bondsmen. Blackstone.
 A. and B. were bail to the arrest in a suit at law. Kent.
(b) The security given for the appearance of a prisoner in order to obtain his release from custody of the officer; as, the man is out on bail; to go bail for any one.

 Excessive bail ought not to be required. Blackstone.
 Bail, n. [OE. beyl; cf. Dan. böile a bending, ring, hoop, Sw. bögel, bygel, and Icel. beyla hump, swelling, akin to E. bow to bend.] 1. The arched handle of a kettle, pail, or similar vessel, usually movable. Forby.
2. A half hoop for supporting the cover of a carrier's wagon, awning of a boat, etc.

 Bail, n. [OF. bail, baille. See Bailey.] 1.
 (Usually pl.) A line of palisades serving as an exterior defense.
 [Written also bayle.] [Obs.]

2. The outer wall of a feudal castle. Hence: The space inclosed by it; the outer court. Holinshed.
3. A certain limit within a forest. [Eng.]

4. A division for the stalls of an open stable.

5. (Cricket) The top or cross piece (or either of the two cross pieces) of the wicket.

 Bail"a*ble (&?;), a. 1. Having the right or privilege of being admitted to bail, upon bond with sureties; -- used of persons. "He's bailable, I'm sure." Ford.
2. Admitting of bail; as, a bailable offense.

3. That can be delivered in trust; as, bailable goods.

 Bail" bond' (bnd'). (Law) (a) A bond or obligation given by a prisoner and his surety, to insure the prisoner's appearance in court, at the return of the writ. (b) Special bail in court to abide the judgment. Bouvier.
 Bail'ee" (bl'"), n. [OF. baillé, p. p. of bailler.
 See Bail to deliver.] (Law) The person to whom goods are committed in trust, and who has a temporary possession and a qualified property in them, for the purposes of the trust. Blackstone.
 In penal statutes the word includes those who receive goods for another in good faith. Wharton.
 Bail"er (&?;), n. (Law) See Bailor.

 Bail"er, n. 1. One who bails or lades.

2. A utensil, as a bucket or cup, used in bailing; a machine for bailing water out of a pit.

 Bai"ley (&?;), n. [The same word as bail line of palisades; cf. LL. ballium bailey, OF. bail, baille, a palisade, baillier to inclose, shut.] 1. The outer wall of a feudal castle. [Obs.]

2. The space immediately within the outer wall of a castle or fortress. [Obs.]

3. A prison or court of justice; -- used in certain proper names; as, the Old Bailey in London; the New Bailey in Manchester.
 [Eng.] Oxf. Gloss.
 Bail"ie (&?;), n. [See Bailiff.] An officer in Scotland, whose office formerly corresponded to that of sheriff, but now corresponds to that of an English alderman.

 Bail"iff (&?;), n. [OF. baillif, F. bailli, custodian, magistrate, fr. L. bajulus porter. See Bail to deliver.]

1. Originally, a person put in charge of something; especially, a chief officer, magistrate, or keeper, as of a county, town, hundred, or castle; one to whom powers of custody or care are intrusted. Abbott.
 Lausanne is under the canton of Berne, governed by a bailiff sent every three years from the senate. Addison.
2. (Eng. Law) A sheriff's deputy, appointed to make arrests, collect fines, summon juries, etc.

 In American law the term bailiff is seldom used except sometimes to signify a sheriff's officer or constable, or a party liable to account to another for the rent and profits of real estate. Burrill.
3. An overseer or under steward of an estate, who directs husbandry operations, collects rents, etc. [Eng.]

 Bail"iff*wick (&?;), n. See Bailiwick. [Obs.]

 Bail"i*wick (&?;), n. [Bailie, bailiff + wick a village.] (Law) The precincts within which a bailiff has jurisdiction; the limits of a bailiff's authority.

 Bail"lie (&?;), n. 1. Bailiff. [Obs.]

2. Same as Bailie. [Scot.]

 Bail"ment (&?;), n. 1. (Law) The action of bailing a person accused.

Bailment... is the saving or delivery of a man out of prison before he hath satisfied the law. Dalton.
2. (Law) A delivery of goods or money by one person to another in trust, for some special purpose, upon a contract, expressed or implied, that the trust shall be faithfully executed. Blackstone.
 In a general sense it is sometimes used as comprehending all duties in respect to property. Story.
 Bail'or" (&?;), n. (Law) One who delivers goods or money to another in trust.

 Bail"piece' (&?;), n. (Law) A piece of parchment


, whether it be, that is either not in the chain of natural cause and effect, or which acts on the chain of cause and effect in nature, from without the chain.

Bushnell.
 We must not view creation as supernatural, but we do look upon it as miraculous.

McCosh.
The supernatural, whatever is above and beyond the scope, or the established course, of the laws of nature. "Nature and the supernatural."
 H. Bushnell.
 Su'per*nat"u*ral*ism (?), n. 1. The quality or state of being supernatural; supernaturalness.

2. (Theol.) The doctrine of a divine and supernatural agency in the production of the miracles and revelations recorded in the Bible, and in the grace which renews and sanctifies men, -- in opposition to the doctrine which denies the agency of any other than physical or natural causes in the case. [Written also supranaturalism.]

 Su'per*nat"u*ral*ist, n. One who holds to the principles of supernaturalism.

 Su'per*nat'u*ral*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to supernaturalism.

 Su'per*nat'u*ral"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being supernatural.

 Su'per*nat"u*ral*ize (?), v. t. To treat or regard as supernatural.

 Su'per*nat"u*ral*ly, adv. In a supernatural manner.

 Su'per*nat"u*ral*ness, n. The quality or state of being supernatural.

 Su'per*nu"mer*a*ry (?), a. [L. supernumerarius: cf. OF. supernuméraire, F. surnuméraire. See Super-, and Numerary, Number.] 1.
 Exceeding the number stated or prescribed; as, a supernumerary officer in a regiment.

2. Exceeding a necessary, usual, or required number or quality; superfluous; as, supernumerary addresses; supernumerary expense. Addison.
 Su'per*nu"mer*a*ry, n.; pl. Supernumeraries (&?;).
 1. A person or thing beyond the number stated.

2. A person or thing beyond what is necessary or usual; especially, a person employed not for regular service, but only to fill the place of another in case of need; specifically, in theaters, a person who is not a regular actor, but is employed to appear in a stage spectacle.

 Su'per*oc*cip"i*tal (?), a. Supraoccipital.

 Su'per*or"der (?), n. (Zoöl.) A group intermediate in importance between an order and a subclass.

 Su'per*or'di*na"tion (?), n. [Pref. super- + ordination: cf. L. superordinatio.] The ordination of a person to fill a station already occupied; especially, the ordination by an ecclesiastical official, during his lifetime, of his successor. Fuller.
 Su'per*ox"ide (?), n. (Chem.) See Peroxide. [Obs.]

 Su'per*par*tic"u*lar (?), a. [L. superparticularis. See Super-, and Particular.] (Math.) Of or pertaining to a ratio when the excess of the greater term over the less is a unit, as the ratio of 1 to 2, or of 3 to 4. [Obs.] Hutton.
 Su'per*par"tient (?), a. [L. superpartiens; super over + partiens, p. pr. of partire to divide.] (Math.)
 Of or pertaining to a ratio when the excess of the greater term over the less is more than a unit, as that of 3 to 5, or 7 to 10. [Obs.] Hutton.
 Su'per*phos"phate (?), n. (Chem.) An acid phosphate.

Superphosphate of lime (Com. Chem.), a fertilizer obtained by trating bone dust, bone black, or phosphorite with sulphuric acid, whereby the insoluble neutral calcium phosphate, Ca3(PO4)2, is changed to the primary or acid calcium phosphate Ca(H2PO4)2, which is soluble and therefore available for the soil.

 Su'per*phys"ic*al (?), a. Above or beyond physics; not explainable by physical laws.

 Something superphysical and superchemical.

J. Le Conte.
 Su"per*plant' (?), n. A plant growing on another, as the mistletoe; an epiphyte. [Obs.] Bacon.
 Su'per*please" (?), v. t. To please exceedingly. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
 Su"per*plus (?), n. [Pref. super- + L. plus more. See Surplus.] Surplus. [Obs.] Goldsmith.
 Su"per*plus'age (?), n. Surplusage. [Obs.] "There yet remained a superplusage."
 Bp. Fell.
 Su'per*pol"i*tic (?), a. More than politic; above or exceeding policy. Milton.
 Su'per*pon"der*ate (?), v. t. To wiegh over and above. [Obs.]

 Su'per*pos"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being superposed, as one figure upon another.

 Su'per*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Superposing.] [F. superposer. See Super-, and Pose.] 1. To lay upon, as one kind of rock on another.

2. (Geom.) To lay (a figure) upon another in such a manner that all the parts of the one coincide with the parts of the other; as, to superpose one plane figure on another.

 Su'per*po*si"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. superposition. See Super-, and Position.] The act of superposing, or the state of being superposed; as, the superposition of rocks; the superposition of one plane figure on another, in geometry.

 Su'per*praise" (?), v. t. To praise to excess.

 To vow, and swear, and superpraise my parts.

Shak.
 Su'per*pro*por"tion (?), n. Overplus or excess of proportion. Sir K. Digby.
 Su'per*pur*ga"tion (?), n. Excessive purgation. Wiseman.
 Su'per*re*flec"tion (?), n. The reflection of a reflected image or sound. [R.] Bacon.
 Su'per*re"gal (?), a. More than regal; worthy of one greater than a king. Waterland.
 Su'per*re*ward" (?), v. t. To reward to an excessive degree. Bacon.
 Su'per*roy"al (?), a. Larger than royal; -- said of a particular size of printing and writing paper. See the Note under Paper, n. Su'per*sa"cral (?), a. (Anat.) Situated over, or on the dorsal side of, the sacrum.

 Su'per*sa"li*en*cy (?), n. The act of leaping on anything. [Obs.]
 Sir T. Browne.
 Su'per*sa"li*ent (?), a. [Pref. super- + L. saliens p. pr. of salire to leap.] Leaping upon. [Obs.]

 Su'per*salt" (?), n. (Chem.) An acid salt. See Acid salt (a), under Salt, n. Su'per*sat"u*rate (?), v. t. To add to beyond saturation; as, to supersaturate a solution.

 Su'per*sat'u*ra"tion (?), n. The operation of supersaturating, or the state of being supersaturated.

 Su'per*scribe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superscribed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Superscribing.] [L. superscribere, superscriptum; super


exaggerated as to appear ridiculous; a burlesque; a parody. [Formerly written caricatura.]

 The truest likeness of the prince of French literature will be the one that has most of the look of a caricature. I. Taylor.
 A grotesque caricature of virtue. Macaulay.
 Car"i*ca*ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caricatured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Caricaturing.] To make or draw a caricature of; to represent with ridiculous exaggeration; to burlesque.

 He could draw an ill face, or caricature a good one, with a masterly hand. Lord Lyttelton.
 Car"i*ca*tu'rist (?), n. One who caricatures.

 Car"i*cous (?), a. [L. carica a kind of dry fig.] Of the shape of a fig; as, a caricous tumor. Graig.
 ||Ca"ri*es (?), n.[L., decay.] (Med.) Ulceration of bone; a process in which bone disintegrates and is carried away piecemeal, as distinguished from necrosis, in which it dies in masses.

 Car"il*lon (?), n. [F. carillon a chime of bells, originally consisting of four bells, as if fr.. (assumed) L. quadrilio, fr. quatuer four.]

1. (Mus.) A chime of bells diatonically tuned, played by clockwork or by finger keys.

2. A tune adapted to be played by musical bells.

 ||Ca*ri"na (?), n. [L., keel.] 1. (Bot.) A keel. (a) That part of a papilionaceous flower, consisting of two petals, commonly united, which incloses the organs of fructification. (b) A longitudinal ridge or projection like the keel of a boat.

2. (Zoöl.) The keel of the breastbone of birds.

 Car'i*na"ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. L. carina keel.] (Zoöl.)
 A genus of oceanic heteropod Mollusca, having a thin, glassy, bonnet-shaped shell, which covers only the nucleus and gills.

 ||Car'i*na"tæ (?), n. pl. [NL., Fem. pl. fr. L. carinatus.
 See Carinate.] A grand division of birds, including all existing flying birds; -- So called from the carina or keel on the breastbone.

 { Car"i*nate (?), Car"i*na'ted (?) } a. [L. carinatus, fr.
 carina keel.] Shaped like the keel or prow of a ship; having a carina or keel; as, a carinate calyx or leaf; a carinate sternum (of a bird).

 Car"i*ole (?), n. [F. carriole, dim. fr. L. carrus.
 See Car, and Carryall.] (a) A small, light, open one-horse carriage.
 (b) A covered cart. (c) A kind of calash. See Carryall.

 Car'i*op"sis (?), n. See Caryopsis.

 Ca'ri*os"i*ty (?), n. (Med.) Caries.

 Ca"ri*ous (?), a. [L. cariosus, fr. caries dacay.]
 Affected with caries; decaying; as, a carious tooth.

 Cark (kärk), n. [OE. cark, fr. a dialectic form of F. charge; cf. W. carc anxiety, care, Arm karg charge, burden. See Charge, and cf. Cargo.] A noxious or corroding care; solicitude; worry. [Archaic.]

 His heavy head, devoid of careful cark. Spenser.
 Fling cark and care aside. Motherwell.
 Freedom from the cares of money and the cark of fashion. R. D. Blackmore.
 Cark (kärk), v. i. To be careful, anxious, solicitous, or troubled in mind; to worry or grieve. [R.] Beau. & Fl.
 Cark, v. t. To vex; to worry; to make by anxious care or worry. [R.]

 Nor can a man, independently... of God's blessing, care and cark himself one penny richer. South.
 Car"ka*net (?), n. A carcanet. Southey.
 Cark"ing (?), a. Distressing; worrying; perplexing; corroding; as, carking cares.

 Carl (?), n. [Icel, karl a male, a man; akin to AS. ceorl, OHG. charal, G. kerl fellow. See Churl.] [Written also carle.]
 1. A rude, rustic man; a churl.

 The miller was a stout carl. Chaucer.
2. Large stalks of hemp which bear the seed; -- called also carl hemp.

3. pl. A kind of food. See citation, below.

 Caring or carl are gray steeped in water and fried the next day in butter or fat. They are eaten on the second Sunday before Easter, formerly called Carl Sunday. Robinson's Whitby Glossary (1875).
 Car"lin (?), n. [Dim., fr. carl male.] An old woman. [Scot.
 & Prov. Eng.]

 { Car"line (?), Car"o*line (?) }, n. [F. carin; cf. It. carlino; -- so called from Carlo (Charles) VI. of Naples.] A silver coin once current in some parts of Italy, worth about seven cents. Simmonds.
 { Car"line (?), Car"ling (?) } n. [Cf. F. carlingur, Sp.
 Pg., & It. carlinga.] (Naut.) A short timber running lengthwise of a ship, from one transverse desk beam to another; also, one of the cross timbers that strengthen a hath; -- usually in pl.
 Car"line this'tle (?). [F. carline, It., Sp., & Pg., carlina.
 Said to be so called from the Emperor Charlemagne, whose army is reputed to have used it as a remedy for pestilence.] (Bot.) A prickly plant of the genus Carlina (C. vulgaris), found in Europe and Asia.

 Car"lings (?), n. pl. Same as Carl, 3.

Carling Sunday, a Sunday in Lent when carls are eaten. In some parts of England, Passion Sunday. See Carl, 4.

 Car"list (kär"lst), n. A partisan of Charles X. of France, or of Don Carlos of Spain.

 Car"lock (?), n. [F. carlock, fr. Russ. Karlúk'.]
 A sort of Russian isinglass, made from the air bladder of the sturgeon, and used in clarifying wine.

 Car"lot (?), n. [From Carl.] A churl; a boor; a peasant or countryman. [Obs.] Shak.
 Car'lo*vin"gi*an (?), a. [F. Carlovingen.] Pertaining to, founded by, of descended from, Charlemagne; as, the Carlovingian race of kings.

 ||Car'ma'gnole" (?), n. [F.] 1. A popular or Red Rebublican song and dance, of the time of the first French Revolution.

 They danced and yelled the carmagnole. Compton Reade.
2. A bombastic report from the French armies.

 Car"man (?), n.; pl. Carmen (&?;) A man whose employment is to drive, or to convey goods in, a car or car.

 { Car"mel*ite (?), Car"mel*in } a. Of or pertaining to the order of Carm