assistant to each other. Beattie.
2. (Mil.) Of the second grade in the staff of the army; as, an assistant surgeon. [U.S.]

 In the English army it designates the third grade in any particular branch of the staff. Farrow.
 As*sist"ant (&?;), n. 1. One who, or that which, assists; a helper; an auxiliary; a means of help.

 Four assistants who his labor share. Pope.
 Rhymes merely as assistants to memory. Mrs. Chapone.
2. An attendant; one who is present. Dryden.
 As*sist"ant*ly, adv. In a manner to give aid. [R.]

 As*sist"er, n. An assistant; a helper.

 As*sist"ful (&?;), a. Helpful.

 As*sist"ive (&?;), a. Lending aid, helping.

 As*sist"less, a. Without aid or help. [R.] Pope.
 As*sist"or (&?;), n. (Law) A assister.

 As*sith"ment (&?;), n. See Assythment. [Obs.]

 As*size" (&?;), n. [OE. assise, asise, OF. assise, F. assises, assembly of judges, the decree pronounced by them, tax, impost, fr. assis, assise, p. p. of asseoir, fr. L.
 assid&?;re to sit by; ad + sedre to sit. See Sit, Size, and cf. Excise, Assess.] 1. An assembly of knights and other substantial men, with a bailiff or justice, in a certain place and at a certain time, for public business. [Obs.]

2. (Law) (a) A special kind of jury or inquest. (b) A kind of writ or real action. (c) A verdict or finding of a jury upon such writ. (d) A statute or ordinance in general.
 Specifically: (1) A statute regulating the weight, measure, and proportions of ingredients and the price of articles sold in the market; as, the assize of bread and other provisions; (2) A statute fixing the standard of weights and measures. (e) Anything fixed or reduced to a certainty in point of time, number, quantity, quality, weight, measure, etc.; as, rent of assize. Glanvill. Spelman.
Cowell. Blackstone. Tomlins. Burrill. [This term is not now used in England in the sense of a writ or real action, and seldom of a jury of any kind, but in Scotch practice it is still technically applied to the jury in criminal cases. Stephen. Burrill.
Erskine.] (f) A court, the sitting or session of a court, for the trial of processes, whether civil or criminal, by a judge and jury. Blackstone. Wharton. Encyc. Brit. (g) The periodical sessions of the judges of the superior courts in every county of England for the purpose of administering justice in the trial and determination of civil and criminal cases; -- usually in the plural.
 Brande. Wharton. Craig. Burrill. (h) The time or place of holding the court of assize; -- generally in the plural, assizes.

3. Measure; dimension; size. [In this sense now corrupted into size.]

 An hundred cubits high by just assize. Spenser.
 [Formerly written, as in French, assise.]

 As*size", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assized (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Assizing.] [From Assize, n.: cf. LL. assisare to decree in assize. Cf. Asses, v.] 1. To assess; to value; to rate. [Obs.] Gower.
2. To fix the weight, measure, or price of, by an ordinance or regulation of authority. [Obs.]

 As*siz"er (&?;), n. An officer who has the care or inspection of weights and measures, etc.

 As*siz"or (&?;), n. (Scots Law) A juror.

 As*so"ber (&?;), v. t. [Pref. ad- + sober. Cf.
 Ensober.] To make or keep sober. [Obs.] Gower.
 As*so'cia*bil"i*ty (&?;), n. The quality of being associable, or capable of association; associableness. "The associability of feelings." H. Spencer.
 As*so"cia*ble (&?;), a. [See Associate.] 1. Capable of being associated or joined.

 We know feelings to be associable only by the proved ability of one to revive another. H. Spencer.
2. Sociable; companionable. [Obs.]

3. (Med.) Liable to be affected by sympathy with other parts; -- said of organs, nerves, muscles, etc.

 The stomach, the most associable of all the organs of the animal body. Med. Rep.
 As*so"cia*ble*ness, n. Associability.

 As*so"ci*ate (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Associated (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Associating (&?;).] [L. associatus, p. p. of associare; ad + sociare to join or unite, socius companion. See Social.] 1. To join with one, as a friend, companion, partner, or confederate; as, to associate others with us in business, or in an enterprise.

2. To join or connect; to combine in acting; as, particles of gold associated with other substances.

3. To connect or place together in thought.

 He succeeded in associating his name inseparably with some names which will last as long as our language. Macaulay.
4. To accompany; to keep company with. [Obs.]

 Friends should associate friends in grief and woe. Shak.
 As*so"ci*ate, v. i. 1. To unite in company; to keep company, implying intimacy; as, congenial minds are disposed to associate.

2. To unite in action, or to be affected by the action of a different part of the body. E. Darwin.
 As*so"ci*ate (&?;), a. [L. associatus, p. p.] 1.
 Closely connected or joined with some other, as in interest, purpose, employment, or office; sharing responsibility or authority; as, an associate judge.

 While I descend... to my associate powers. Milton.
2. Admitted to some, but not to all, rights and privileges; as, an associate member.

3. (Physiol.) Connected by habit or sympathy; as, associate motions, such as occur sympathetically, in consequence of preceding motions. E. Darwin.
 As*so"ci*ate, n. 1. A companion; one frequently in company with another, implying intimacy or equality; a mate; a fellow.

2. A partner in interest, as in business; or a confederate in a league.

3. One connected with an association or institution without the full rights or privileges of a regular member; as, an associate of the Royal Academy.

4. Anything closely or usually connected with another; an concomitant.

 The one [idea] no sooner comes into the understanding, than its associate appears with it. Locke.
Syn. -- Companion; mate; fellow; friend; ally; partner; coadjutor; comrade; accomplice.

 As*so"ci*a'ted (&?;), a. Joined as a companion; brought into association; accompanying; combined.

Associated movements (Physiol.), consensual movements which accompany voluntary efforts without our consciousness. Dunglison.
 As*so"ci*ate*ship (&?;), n. The state of an associate, as in Academy


it on its way back to the heart; and it secretes the bile, produces glycogen, and in other ways changes the blood which passes through it. In man it is situated immediately beneath the diaphragm and mainly on the right side.
 See Bile, Digestive, and Glycogen. The liver of invertebrate animals is usually made up of cæcal tubes, and differs materially, in form and function, from that of vertebrates.

Floating liver. See Wandering liver, under Wandering. -- Liver of antimony, Liver of sulphur. (Old Chem.) See Hepar. -- Liver brown, Liver color, the color of liver, a dark, reddish brown. -- Liver shark (Zoöl.), a very large shark (Cetorhinus maximus), inhabiting the northern coasts both of Europe and North America. It sometimes becomes forty feet in length, being one of the largest sharks known; but it has small simple teeth, and is not dangerous. It is captured for the sake of its liver, which often yields several barrels of oil. It has gill rakers, resembling whalebone, by means of which it separates small animals from the sea water. Called also basking shark, bone shark, hoemother, homer, and sailfish.
 -- Liver spots, yellowish brown patches or spots of chloasma.

 Liv"er (lv"r), n. (Zoöl.) The glossy ibis (Ibis falcinellus); - - said to have given its name to the city of Liverpool.

 Liv"er-col'ored (-kl'rd), a. Having a color like liver; dark reddish brown.

 Liv"ered (lv"rd), a. Having (such) a liver; used in composition; as, whitelivered.

 Liv"er-grown' (?), a. Having an enlarged liver. Dunglison.
 Liv"er*ied (?), a. Wearing a livery. See Livery, 3.

 The liveried servants wait.

Parnell.
 Liv"er*ing, n. A kind of pudding or sausage made of liver or pork.
 [Obs.] Chapman.
 Liv"er*leaf' (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Liverwort.

 Liv"er*wort' (?), n. (Bot.) 1. A ranunculaceous plant (Anemone Hepatica) with pretty white or bluish flowers and a three-lobed leaf; -- called also squirrel cups.

2. A flowerless plant (Marchantia polymorpha), having an irregularly lobed, spreading, and forking frond.

 From this plant many others of the same order (Hepaticæ) have been vaguely called liverworts, esp. those of the tribe Marchantiaceæ.
 See Illust. of Hepatica.

 Liv"er*y (?), n.; pl. Liveries (#). [OE. livere, F. livrée, formerly, a gift of clothes made by the master to his servants, prop., a thing delivered, fr. livrer to deliver, L. liberare to set free, in LL., to deliver up. See Liberate.] 1.
(Eng. Law) (a) The act of delivering possession of lands or tenements. (b) The writ by which possession is obtained.

 It is usual to say, livery of seizin, which is a feudal investiture, made by the delivery of a turf, of a rod, or twig, from the feoffor to the feoffee. In the United States, and now in Great Britain, no such ceremony is necessary, the delivery of a deed being sufficient.

2. Release from wardship; deliverance.

 It concerned them first to sue out their livery from the unjust wardship of his encroaching prerogative.

Milton.
3. That which is delivered out statedly or formally, as clothing, food, etc.; especially: (a) The uniform clothing issued by feudal superiors to their retainers and serving as a badge when in military service. (b) The peculiar dress by which the servants of a nobleman or gentleman are distinguished; as, a claret-colored livery. (c) Hence, also, the peculiar dress or garb appropriated by any association or body of persons to their own use; as, the livery of the London tradesmen, of a priest, of a charity school, etc.; also, the whole body or company of persons wearing such a garb, and entitled to the privileges of the association; as, the whole livery of London.

 A Haberdasher and a Carpenter, A Webbe, a Dyer, and a Tapicer, And they were clothed all in one livery Of a solempne and a gret fraternite.

Chaucer.
 From the periodical deliveries of these characteristic articles of servile costume (blue coats) came our word livery.

De Quincey.
(d) Hence, any characteristic dress or outward appearance. "
 April's livery." Sir P. Sidney.
 Now came still evening on, and twilight gray Had in her sober livery all things clad.

Milton.
(e) An allowance of food statedly given out; a ration, as to a family, to servants, to horses, etc.

 The emperor's officers every night went through the town from house to house whereat any English gentleman did repast or lodge, and served their liveries for all night: first, the officers brought into the house a cast of fine manchet [white bread], and of silver two great pots, and white wine, and sugar.

Cavendish.
(f) The feeding, stabling, and care of horses for compensation; boarding; as, to keep one's horses at livery.

 What livery is, we by common use in England know well enough, namely, that is, allowance of horse meat, as to keep horses at livery, the which word, I guess, is derived of livering or delivering forth their nightly food.

Spenser.
 It need hardly be observed that the explanation of livery which Spenser offers is perfectly correct, but... it is no longer applied to the ration or stated portion of food delivered at stated periods.

Trench.
(g) The keeping of horses in readiness to be hired temporarily for riding or driving; the state of being so kept.

 Pegasus does not stand at livery even at the largest establishment in Moorfields.

Lowell.
4. A low grade of wool.

Livery gown, the gown worn by a liveryman in London.

 Liv"er*y, v. t. To clothe in, or as in, livery. Shak.
 Liv"er*y*man (?), n.; pl. Liverymen (&?;). 1.
 One who wears a livery, as a servant.

2. A freeman of the city, in London, who, having paid certain fees, is entitled to wear the distinguishing dress or livery of the company to which he belongs, and also to enjoy certain other privileges, as the right of voting in an election for the lord mayor, sheriffs, chamberlain, etc.

3. One who keeps a livery stable.

 Liv"er*y sta'ble (?). A stable where horses are kept for hire, and where stabling is provided. See Livery, n., 3 (e) (f) & (g).

 Lives (lvz), n.; pl. of Life.

 Lives (lvz), a. & adv. [Orig. a genitive sing. of life.]
 Alive; living; with life. [Obs.] " Any lives creature." Chaucer.
 Liv"id (lv"d), a. [L. lividus, from livere to be of a blush color, to be black and blue: cf. F. livide.] Black and blue; grayish blue; of a lead color; discolored, as flesh by contusion. Cowper.
 There followed no carbuncles, no purple or livid spots, the mass


asant) Ingredients: Pheasant, macaroni, gravy, butter, Parmesan, tomatoes.

 Lard a pheasant, roast it, and serve it on a layer of macaroni cooked with good reduced gravy, two ounces of butter, a tablespoonful of grated Parmesan, and a puree of tomatoes. Serve with Neapolitan sauce (No. 12) in a sauce bowl.

 No. 143. Fagiano alla Perigo (Pheasant) Ingredients: Pheasant, butter, truffles, larding bacon, Madeira.

 Make a mixture of three tablespoonsful of chopped truffles, three ounces of butter and a little salt, and with this stuff a pheasant. Then cover it with slices of fat bacon and keep it in a cool place till next day. A few hours before serving, roast the pheasant and baste it well with melted butter and a wine-glass of Madeira or Marsala. Make a crouton of fried bread the shape of your dish, and over this put a Layer of forcemeat of fowl and a number of small fowl quenelles; cover them with buttered paper, then put the dish in the oven for a few minutes so as to settle the forcemeat. When the pheasant is cooked, place it on the crouton and garnish it with slices of truffle which have been previously cooked in Madeira, and serve with a Perigord sauce.

 No. 144. Anitra Selvatica (Wild Duck) Ingredients: Wild duck, butter, fowls' livers, Marsala, gravy, turnips, carrots, parsley, mushrooms.

 Cut a wild duck into quarters and put it into a stewpan with two fowls' livers cut up and fried in butter. When the pieces of duck are coloured on both sides, pour off the butter, and in its place pour a glass of Marsala, a cup of stock, and a cup of Espagnole sauce (No.1), and cook gently for ten minutes. In the meantime shape and blanch six young turnips and as many young carrots, put them into a stewpan, and on the top of them put the pieces of wild duck, liver, &c. Pass the liquor through a sieve and pour it over the wild duck, add a bunch of parsley and other herbs and five little mushrooms cut up, and cook on a slow fire for half an hour.
 Skim the sauce, pass it through a sieve and add a pinch of sugar. Put the pieces of wild duck in an entree dish, add the vegetables, &c., pour the sauce over and serve.

 No. 145. Perniciotti alla Gastalda (Partridges) Ingredients: Partridges, cauliflower, bacon, sausage, fowls' livers, carrots, onions herbs, stock, gravy, butter, Madeira.

 Cut a cauliflower into quarters, blanch for a few minutes, drain, and put it into a saucepan with some bits of bacon. Let it drain on paper till dry, then arrange the bits in a circle in a deep stewpan, and in the centre put a small bit of sausage, the livers of the partridges, a fowl's liver cut up, a carrot, an onion, and a bunch of herbs. Cover about three-quarters high with good stock and gravy, put butter on the top and boil gently for an hour; then take out the sausage, replace it by two or three partridges, and simmer for three-quarters of an hour. In the meantime cut a sausage in thin slices and line a mould with it. When the birds are cooked, take them out, drain and cut them up, and fill the mould with alternate layers of partridge and cauliflower, and steam for half an hour. Five minutes before serving turn the mould over on a plate, but do not take it off, so as to let all the grease drain off. Cut up the fowls' and partridges' livers, make them into scallops and glaze them. Wipe off all the grease round the mould; take it off, garnish the dish with the scallops of liver and serve hot with an Espagnole sauce (No. 1) reduced, and add a glass of Madeira or Marsala, and a glass of essence of game to it. This is an excellent way of cooking an old partridge or pheasant.

 No. 146. Beccaccini alla Diplomatica (Snipe) Ingredients: Snipe, ham, larding bacon, herbs, Marsala, croutons, truffles, cocks' combs, mushrooms, sweetbread, tongue.

 Truss fourteen snipe and cook them in a mirepoix made with plenty of ham, fat bacon, herbs, and a wine glass of Marsala. When they are cooked pour off the sauce, skim off the grease and reduce it. Take the two smallest snipe and make a forcemeat of them by pounding them in a mortar with the livers of all the snipe, then dilute this with reduced Espagnole sauce (No. 1) and add it to the first sauce. Cut twelve croutons of bread just large enough to hold a snipe each, and fry them in butter. Add some chopped herbs and truffles to the forcemeat, spread it on the croutons, and on each place a snipe and cover it with a bit of fat bacon and buttered paper. Put them in a moderate oven for a few minutes, arrange them on a dish, and pour some of their own sauce over them. Garnish the spaces between the croutons with white cocks' combs, mushrooms, and truffles. The truffles should be scooped out and filled with a little stuffing of sweetbread, tongue, and truffles mixed with a little of the sauce of the snipe. Serve the rest of the sauce in a sauce-boat.

 No. 147. Piccioni alla minute (Pigeons) Ingredients: Pigeons, butter, truffles, herbs, fowls' livers, sweetbread, salt, flour, stock, Burgundy.

 Prepare two pigeons and put them into a stewpan with two ounces of butter, two truffles cut up, two fowls' livers, half-pound of sweetbread cuttings (boiled), a bunch of herbs and salt. Let them brown a little, then add a dessert-spoonful of flour mixed with stock, and half a glass of Burgundy, and stew gently for half an hour.

 No. 148. Piccioni in Ripieno (Stuffed Pigeons) Ingredients: Pigeons, sweetbread, parsley, onions, carrots, salt, pepper, bacon, stock, Chablis, fowls' livers, and gizzards.

 Cut up a sweetbread, a fowl's liver and gizzard, an onion, a sprig of parsley, and add salt and pepper. Put this stuffing into two pigeons, tie larding bacon over them, and put them into a stewpan with a glass of Chablis, a cup of stock, an onion, and a carrot. When cooked pass the sauce through a sieve, skim it, add a little more sauce, and pour it over the pigeons.

 No. 149. Lepre in istufato (Stewed Hare) Ingredients: Hare, butter, onions, garlic, marjoram, celery, ham, salt, Chablis, stock, mushrooms, spice, tomatoes.

 Put into a stewpan three ounces of butter, an onion cut up, a clove of garlic with a cut across it, a sprig of marjoram, and a little cut-up ham.
 Fry these slightly, put the hare cut up into the same stewpan, and let it get brown. Then pour a glass of Chablis and a glass of stock over it; add a little tomato sauce or a mashed-up tomato, a pinch of spice, and a few mushrooms; take out the garlic and let the rest stew gently for an hour or more. Keep the cover on the stewpan, but stir the stew occasionally.

 No. 150. Lepre Agro-dolce (Hare) Ingredients: Hare, vinegar butter, onion, ham, stock salt, sugar, chocolate, almonds, raisins.

 Cut up a hare


greatest part of my income is derived from a fixed salary and the interest of money in the funds.
17. It often happens that the high prices of a particular country may diminish the quantity of its exports without diminishing the value of their amount abroad; in which case its foreign trade is peculiarly advantageous, as it purchases the same amount of foreign commodities at a much less expense of labour and capital.
18. Inquiry into the Nature and Progress of Rent.
19. This price seems to be pretty fairly consistent with the idea of getting rid of that part of our high prices which belongs to excessive issues of paper, and retaining only that part which belongs to great wealth, combined with a system of restrictions.


quench!

Shak.
 Quench"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being quenched.

 Quench"er (?), n. One who, or that which, quenches. Hammond.
 Quench"less, a. Incapable of being quenched; inextinguishable; as, quenchless fire or fury. "Once kindled, quenchless evermore." Byron.
Syn. -- Inextinguishable; unquenchable.

 -- Quench"less*ly, adv. -- Quench"less*ness, n. Que*nelle" (?), n. [F.] (Cookery) A kind of delicate forcemeat, commonly poached and used as a dish by itself or for garnishing.

 Que*nouille train"ing (?). [F. quenouille distaff.] (Hort.)
 A method of training trees or shrubs in the shape of a cone or distaff by tying down the branches and pruning.

 Quer'ci*tan"nic (?), a. [L. quercus an oak + E. tannic.]
 (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a tannic acid found in oak bark and extracted as a yellowish brown amorphous substance.

 Quer"cite (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline substance, C6H7(OH)5, found in acorns, the fruit of the oak (Quercus). It has a sweet taste, and is regarded as a pentacid alcohol.

 Quer"ci*tin (?), n. (Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance, occurring quite widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom, as is apple-tree bark, horsechestnut leaves, etc., but originally obtained by the decomposition of quercitrin. Called also meletin.

 Quer"cit*rin (?), n. [Cf. F. quercitrin. See Quercitron.] (Chem.)
 A glucoside extracted from the bark of the oak (Quercus) as a bitter citron-yellow crystalline substance, used as a pigment and called quercitron.

 Quer"cit*ron (?), n. [F. quercitron, the name of the name of tree; L. quercus an oak + citrus the citron tree.] 1.
 The yellow inner bark of the Quercus tinctoria, the American black oak, yellow oak, dyer's oak, or quercitron oak, a large forest tree growing from Maine to eastern Texas.

2. Quercitrin, used as a pigment. See Quercitrin.

 ||Quer"cus (?), n. [L., an oak.] (Bot.) A genus of trees constituted by the oak. See Oak.

 Quer"ele (?), n. [See 2d Quarrel.] (O. Eng. Law) A complaint to a court. See Audita Querela. [Obs.] Ayliffe.
 Que"rent (?), n. [L. querens, p. pr. of queri to complain.] (O. Eng. Law) A complainant; a plaintiff.

 Que"rent, n. [L. quaerens, p. pr. of quaerere to search for, to inquire.] An inquirer. [Obs.] Aubrey.
 Quer'i*mo"ni*ous (?), a. [L. querimonia a complaint, fr. queri to complain. See Querulous.] Complaining; querulous; apt to complain. -- Quer'i*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. -- Quer'i*mo"ni*ous*ness, n. Quer"i*mo*ny (?), n. [L. querimonia.] A complaint or complaining. [Obs.] E. Hall.
 Que"rist (?), n. [See Query.] One who inquires, or asks questions.
 Swift.
 Querk"en (?), v. t. [Icel. kverk throat. &?;.] To stifle or choke. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
 Querl (?), v. t. [G. querlen, quirlen, to twirl, to turn round, fr. querl, querl, a twirling stick. Cf. Twirl.]
 To twirl; to turn or wind round; to coil; as, to querl a cord, thread, or rope. [Local, U.S.]

 Querl, n. A coil; a twirl; as, the qwerl of hair on the fore leg of a blooded horse. [Local, U. S.]

 Quern (?), n. [AS. cweorn, cwyrn; akin to D. kweern, OHG. quirn, Icel. kvern, Sw. qvarn, Dan. quærn, Goth. qairnus (in asiluqaírnus), Lith. qìrnos, and perh. E. corn.] A mill for grinding grain, the upper stone of which was turned by hand; -- used before the invention of windmills and watermills. Shak.
 They made him at the querne grind.

Chaucer.
 Quer"po (?), n. The inner or body garments taken together. See Cuerpo. Dryden.
 Quer"que*dule (?), n. [L. querquedula.] (Zool.) (a) A teal. (b) The pintail duck.

 Quer"ry (?), n. A groom; an equerry. [Obs.]

 Quer'u*len"tial (?), a. Querulous. [R.]

 Quer"u*lous (?), a. [L. querulus and querulosus, fr.
 queri to complain. Cf. Cry, v., Quarrel a brawl, Quarrelous.]
 1. Given to quarreling; quarrelsome. [Obs.] land.
2. Apt to find fault; habitually complaining; disposed to murmur; as, a querulous man or people.

 Enmity can hardly be more annoying that querulous, jealous, exacting fondness.

Macaulay.
3. Expressing complaint; fretful; whining; as, a querulous tone of voice.

Syn. -- Complaining; bewailing; lamenting; whining; mourning; murmuring; discontented; dissatisfied.

 -- Quer"u*lous*ly, adv. -- Quer"u*lous*ness, n. Que"ry (?), n.; pl. Queries (#). [L. quaere, imperative sing. of quaerere, quaesitum to seek or search for, to ask, inquire. Cf. Acquire, Conquer, Exquisite, Quest, Require.] 1.
 A question; an inquiry to be answered or solved.

 I shall conclude with proposing only some queries, in order to a ... search to be made by others.

Sir I. Newton.
2. A question in the mind; a doubt; as, I have a query about his sincerity.

3. An interrogation point [?] as the sign of a question or a doubt.

 Que"ry, v. i. 1. To ask questions; to make inquiry.

 Each prompt to query, answer, and debate.

Pope.
2. To have a doubt; as, I query if he is right.

 Que"ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Queried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Querying.] 1. To put questions about; to elicit by questioning; to inquire into; as, to query the items or the amount; to query the motive or the fact.

2. To address questions to; to examine by questions.

3. To doubt of; to regard with incredulity.

4. To write " query" (qu., qy., or?) against, as a doubtful spelling, or sense, in a proof. See Quære.

 Que*sal" (?), n. (Zoöl.) The long-tailed, or res


in series. Called also methane, and in coal mines, fire damp. -- Natural gas, gas obtained from wells, etc., in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and elsewhere, and largely used for fuel and illuminating purposes. It is chiefly derived from the Coal Measures. -- Olefiant gas (Chem.). See Ethylene. -- Water gas (Chem.), a kind of gas made by forcing steam over glowing coals, whereby there results a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This gives a gas of intense heating power, but destitute of light-giving properties, and which is charged by passing through some volatile hydrocarbon, as gasoline.

 Gas'a*lier" (?), n. [Formed from gas, in imitation of chandelier.]
 A chandelier arranged to burn gas.

 Gas"-burn'er (?), n. The jet piece of a gas fixture where the gas is burned as it escapes from one or more minute orifices.

 Gas"coines (?), n. pl. See Gaskins, 1. Lyly.
 Gas"con (?; F.?), a. [F.] Of or pertaining to Gascony, in France, or to the Gascons; also, braggart; swaggering. -- n. A native of Gascony; a boaster; a bully. See Gasconade.

 Gas'con*ade" (?), n. [F. gasconnade, from Gascon an inhabitant of Gascony, the people of which were noted for boasting.] A boast or boasting; a vaunt; a bravado; a bragging; braggodocio. Swift.
 Gas'con*ade", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gasconaded; p. pr.
 & vb. n. Gasconading.] To boast; to brag; to bluster.

 Gas'con*ad"er (?), n. A great boaster; a blusterer.

 Gas"coynes (?), n. pl. Gaskins. Beau. & Fl.
 Gas*e"i*ty (? or?), n. State of being gaseous. [R] Eng. Cyc.
 Gas"e*ous (? or?; 277), a. [From Gas. Cf. F. gazeux.] 1.
 In the form, or of the nature, of gas, or of an aëriform fluid.

2. Lacking substance or solidity; tenuous. "Unconnected, gaseous information." Sir J. Stephen.
 Gash (gsh), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gashed (gsht); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Gashing.] [For older garth or garse, OF. garser to scarify, F. gercer to chap, perh. from an assumed LL. carptiare, fr. L. carpere, carptum, to pluck, separate into parts; cf.
 LL. carptare to wound. Cf. Carpet.] To make a gash, or long, deep incision in; -- applied chiefly to incisions in flesh.

 Grievously gashed or gored to death.

Hayward.
 Gash, n. A deep and long cut; an incision of considerable length and depth, particularly in flesh.

 Gash"ful (?), a. Full of gashes; hideous; frightful. [Obs.] "A gashful, horrid, ugly shape." Gayton.
 Gas'i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [See Gasify.] The act or process of converting into gas.

 Gas"i*form, a. Having a form of gas; gaseous.

 Gas"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gasified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gasifying.] [Gas + -fy.] To convert into gas, or an aëriform fluid, as by the application of heat, or by chemical processes.

 Gas"i*fy (?), v. i. To become gas; to pass from a liquid to a gaseous state. Scientific American.
 Gas"ket (?), n. [Cf. F. garcette, It. gaschetta, Sp.
 cajeta caburn, garceta reef point.] 1. (Naut.)
 A line or band used to lash a furled sail securely. Sea gaskets are common lines; harbor gaskets are plaited and decorated lines or bands. Called also casket.

2. (Mech.) (a) The plaited hemp used for packing a piston, as of the steam engine and its pumps. (b) Any ring or washer of packing.

 Gas"kins (?), n. pl. [Cf. Galligaskins.] 1. Loose hose or breeches; galligaskins. [Obs.] Shak.
2. Packing of hemp. Simmonds.
3. A horse's thighs. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.
 Gas"light' (?), n. 1. The light yielded by the combustion of illuminating gas.

2. A gas jet or burner.

 Gas"o*gen (?), n. [Gas + - gen.] 1. An apparatus for the generation of gases, or for impregnating a liquid with a gas, or a gas with a volatile liquid.

2. A volatile hydrocarbon, used as an illuminant, or for charging illuminating gas.

 Gas'o*lene (?), n. See Gasoline.

 Gas'o*lier" (?), n. Same as Gasalier.

 Gas"o*line (? or?; 104), n. A highly volatile mixture of fluid hydrocarbons, obtained from petroleum, as also by the distillation of bituminous coal. It is used in making air gas, and in giving illuminating power to water gas. See Carburetor.

 Gas*om"e*ter (? or?), n. [Gas + -meter. Cf. F. gazomètre.]
 An apparatus for holding and measuring of gas; in gas works, a huge iron cylinder closed at one end and having the other end immersed in water, in which it is made to rise or fall, according to the volume of gas it contains, or the pressure required.

 { Gas'o*met"ric (? or?), Gas'o*met"ric*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to the measurement of gases; as, gasometric analysis.

 Gas*om"e*try (? or?), n. The art or practice of measuring gases; also, the science which treats of the nature and properties of these elastic fluids. Coxe.
 Gas"o*scope (?), n. [Gas + - scope.] An apparatus for detecting the presence of any dangerous gas, from a gas leak in a coal mine or a dwelling house.

 Gasp (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gasped (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Gasping.] [OE. gaspen, gaispen, to yawn, gasp, Icel. geispa to yawn; akin to Sw. gäspa, Dan. gispe to gasp.] 1. To open the mouth wide in catching the breath, or in laborious respiration; to labor for breath; to respire convulsively; to pant violently.

 She gasps and struggles hard for life.

Lloyd.
2. To pant with eagerness; to show vehement desire.

 Quenching the gasping furrows' thirst with rain.

Spenser.
 Gasp, v. t. To emit or utter with gasps; -- with forth, out, away, etc.

 And with short sobs he gasps away his breath.

Dryden.
 Gasp, n. The act of opening the mouth convulsively to catch the breath; a labored respiration; a painful catching of the breath.

At the last gasp, at the point of death. Addison.
 Gas"per*eau (?), n. (Zoöl.) The alewife. [Local, Canada] Gas*se"ri*an (?), a.


packages that enables them to function (also called 'blue smoke'; this is similar to the archaic 'phlogiston' hypothesis about combustion). Its existence is demonstrated by what happens when a chip burns up -- the magic smoke gets let out, so it doesn't work any more. See smoke test, let the smoke out.
Usenetter Jay Maynard tells the following story: "Once, while hacking on a dedicated Z80 system, I was testing code by blowing EPROMs and plugging them in the system, then seeing what happened. One time, I plugged one in backwards. I only discovered that after I realized that Intel didn't put power-on lights under the quartz windows on the tops of their EPROMs -- the die was glowing white-hot. Amazingly, the EPROM worked fine after I erased it, filled it full of zeros, then erased it again.
For all I know, it's still in service. Of course, this is because the magic smoke didn't get let out." Compare the original phrasing of Murphy's Law.
Node:mail storm, Next:mailbomb, Previous:magic smoke, Up:= M = mail storm n.
[from broadcast storm, influenced by 'maelstrom'] What often happens when a machine with an Internet connection and active users re-connects after extended downtime -- a flood of incoming mail that brings the machine to its knees. See also hairball.
Node:mailbomb, Next:mailing list, Previous:mail storm, Up:= M = mailbomb (also mail bomb) [Usenet] 1. v. To send, or urge others to send, massive amounts of email to a single system or person, esp. with intent to crash or spam the recipient's system. Sometimes done in retaliation for a perceived serious offense. Mailbombing is itself widely regarded as a serious offense -- it can disrupt email traffic or other facilities for innocent users on the victim's system, and in extreme cases, even at upstream sites. 2. n. An automatic procedure with a similar effect. 3. n. The mail sent. Compare letterbomb, nastygram, BLOB (sense 2), list-bomb.
Node:mailing list, Next:main loop, Previous:mailbomb, Up:= M = mailing list n.
(often shortened in context to 'list') 1. An email address that is an alias (or macro, though that word is never used in this connection) for many other email addresses. Some mailing lists are simple 'reflectors', redirecting mail sent to them to the list of recipients. Others are filtered by humans or programs of varying degrees of sophistication; lists filtered by humans are said to be 'moderated'. 2. The people who receive your email when you send it to such an address.
Mailing lists are one of the primary forms of hacker interaction, along with Usenet. They predate Usenet, having originated with the first UUCP and ARPANET connections. They are often used for private information-sharing on topics that would be too specialized for or inappropriate to public Usenet groups. Though some of these maintain almost purely technical content (such as the Internet Engineering Task Force mailing list), others (like the 'sf-lovers' list maintained for many years by Saul Jaffe) are recreational, and many are purely social. Perhaps the most infamous of the social lists was the eccentric bandykin distribution; its latter-day progeny, lectroids and tanstaafl, still include a number of the oddest and most interesting people in hackerdom.
Mailing lists are easy to create and (unlike Usenet) don't tie up a significant amount of machine resources (until they get very large, at which point they can become interesting torture tests for mail software). Thus, they are often created temporarily by working groups, the members of which can then collaborate on a project without ever needing to meet face-to-face. Much of the material in this lexicon was criticized and polished on just such a mailing list (called 'jargon-friends'), which included all the co-authors of Steele-1983.
Node:main loop, Next:mainframe, Previous:mailing list, Up:= M = main loop n. The top-level control flow construct in an inputor event-driven program, the one which receives and acts or dispatches on the program's input. See also driver.
Node:mainframe, Next:management, Previous:main loop, Up:= M = mainframe n. Term originally referring to the cabinet containing the central processor unit or 'main frame' of a room-filling Stone Age batch machine. After the emergence of smaller 'minicomputer' designs in the early 1970s, the traditional big iron machines were described as 'mainframe computers' and eventually just as mainframes. The term carries the connotation of a machine designed for batch rather than interactive use, though possibly with an interactive timesharing operating system retrofitted onto it; it is especially used of machines built by IBM, Unisys, and the other great dinosaurs surviving from computing's Stone Age.
It has been common wisdom among hackers since the late 1980s that the mainframe architectural tradition is essentially dead (outside of the tiny market for number-crunching supercomputers (see cray)), having been swamped by the recent huge advances in IC technology and low-cost personal computing. The wave of failures, takeovers, and mergers among traditional mainframe makers in the early 1990s bore this out.
The biggest mainframer of all, IBM, was compelled to re-invent itself as a huge systems-consulting house. (See dinosaurs mating and killer micro).
Node:management, Next:mandelbug, Previous:mainframe, Up:= M = management n.
1. Corporate power elites distinguished primarily by their distance from actual productive work and their chronic failure to manage (see also suit). Spoken derisively, as in "Management decided that ...". 2. Mythically, a vast bureaucracy responsible for all the world's minor irritations. Hackers' satirical public notices are often signed 'The Mgt'; this derives from the "Illuminatus" novels (see the Bibliography in Appendix C).
Node:mandelbug, Next:manged, Previous:management, Up:= M = mandelbug /man'del-buhg/ n.
[from the Mandelbrot set] A bug whose underlying causes are so complex and obscure as to make its behavior appear chaotic or even non-deterministic. This term implies that the speaker thinks it is a Bohr bug, rather than a heisenbug. See also schroedinbug.
Node:manged, Next:mangle, Previous:mandelbug, Up:= M = manged /mahnjd/ n.
[probably from the French 'manger' or Italian 'mangiare', to eat; perhaps influenced by English 'mange', 'mangy'] adj. Refers to anything that is mangled or damaged, usually beyond repair.
"The disk was manged after the electrical storm." Compare mung.
Node:mangle, Next:mangled name, Previous:manged, Up:= M = mangle vt.
1. Used similarly to mung or scribble, but more violent in its connotations; something that is mangled has been irreversibly and totally trashed. 2. To produce the mangled name corresponding to a C++ declaration.
Node:mangled name, Next:mangler, Previous:mangle, Up:= M = mangled name n. A name, appearing in a C++ object file, that is a coded representation of the object declaration as it appears in the source. Mangled names are used because C++ allows multiple objects to have the same name, as long as they are distinguishable in some other way, such as by having different parameter types. Thus, the internal name must have that additional information embedded in it, using the limited character set allowed by most linkers. For instance, one popular compiler encodes the standard library function declaration "memchr(const void*,int,unsigned int)" as "_USER_$qpxviui".
Node:mangler, Next:manularity, Previous:mangled name, Up:= M = mangler n.
[DEC] A manager. Compare management. Note that system mangler is somewhat different in connotation.
Node:manularity, Next:marbles, Previous:mangler, Up:= M = manularity /man'yoo-la'ri-tee/ n.
[prob. fr. techspeak 'manual' + 'granularity'] A not


the interest of the narrative.
 CUPPLES & LEON CO., Publishers, NEW YORK THE DAREWELL CHUMS SERIES By Allen Chapman Cloth. 12mo. Illustrated. 60 cents each, postpaid.

 THE DAREWELL CHUMS Or, The Heroes of the School A bright, lively story for boys, telling of the doings of four chums, at school and elsewhere. There is a strong holding plot, and several characters who are highly amusing. Any youth getting this book will consider it a prize and tell all his friends about it.
 THE DAREWELL CHUMS IN THE CITY Or, The Disappearance of Ned Wilding From a country town the scene is changed to a great city. One of the chums has disappeared in an extraordinary manner, and the others institute a hunt for him. The youths befriend a city waif, who in turn makes a revelation which clears up the mystery.
 DAREWELL CHUMS IN THE WOODS Or, Frank Roscoe's Secret The boys had planned for a grand outing when something happened of which none of them had dreamed. They thought one of their number had done a great wrong—at least, it looked so. But they could not really believe the accusations made, so they set to work to help Frank all they could. All went camping some miles from home, and when not hunting and fishing spent their time in learning the truth of what had occurred.
 THE DAREWELL CHUMS ON A CRUISE Or, Fenn Masterson's Odd Discovery A tale of the Great Lakes. The boys run across some Canadian smugglers and stumble on the secret of a valuable mine. Some curious adventures underground are well told.
 CUPPLES & LEON CO., Publishers, NEW YORK


All (&?;), n. The whole number, quantity, or amount; the entire thing; everything included or concerned; the aggregate; the whole; totality; everything or every person; as, our all is at stake.

 Death, as the Psalmist saith, is certain to all. Shak.
All that thou seest is mine. Gen. xxxi. 43.
All is used with of, like a partitive; as, all of a thing, all of us.

After all, after considering everything to the contrary; nevertheless. -- All in all, a phrase which signifies all things to a person, or everything desired; (also adverbially) wholly; altogether.

 Thou shalt be all in all, and I in thee, Forever. Milton.
 Trust me not at all, or all in all. Tennyson.
 -- All in the wind (Naut.), a phrase denoting that the sails are parallel with the course of the wind, so as to shake. -- All told, all counted; in all. -- And all, and the rest; and everything connected. "Bring our crown and all." Shak. -- At all.
 (a) In every respect; wholly; thoroughly. [Obs.] "She is a shrew at al(l)." Chaucer. (b) A phrase much used by way of enforcement or emphasis, usually in negative or interrogative sentences, and signifying in any way or respect; in the least degree or to the least extent; in the least; under any circumstances; as, he has no ambition at all; has he any property at all? "Nothing at all." Shak. "If thy father at all miss me." 1 Sam. xx. 6. -- Over all, everywhere. [Obs.] Chaucer.
All is much used in composition to enlarge the meaning, or add force to a word. In some instances, it is completely incorporated into words, and its final consonant is dropped, as in almighty, already, always: but, in most instances, it is an adverb prefixed to adjectives or participles, but usually with a hyphen, as, all-bountiful, all-glorious, allimportant, allsurrounding, etc. In others it is an adjective; as, allpower, all-giver.
 Anciently many words, as, alabout, alaground, etc., were compounded with all, which are now written separately.

 All, conj. [Orig. all, adv., wholly: used with though or if, which being dropped before the subjunctive left all as if in the sense although.] Although; albeit. [Obs.]

All they were wondrous loth. Spenser.
 ||Al'la bre"ve (&?;). [It., according to the breve.] (Old Church Music) With one breve, or four minims, to measure, and sung faster like four crotchets; in quick common time; -- indicated in the time signature by &?;.

 ||Al"lah (&?;), n. [ contr. fr. the article al the + ilah God.] The name of the Supreme Being, in use among the Arabs and the Mohammedans generally.

 All'-a-mort" (&?;), a. See Alamort.

 Al"lan*ite (&?;), n. [From T. Allan, who first distinguished it as a species.] (min.) A silicate containing a large amount of cerium. It is usually black in color, opaque, and is related to epidote in form and composition.

 Al'lan*to"ic (&?;), a. [Cf. F. allantoïque.]
 Pertaining to, or contained in, the allantois.

Allantoic acid. (Chem.) See Allantoin.

 { Al*lan"toid (&?;), Al'lan*toid"al (&?;), } a. [Gr. &?; shaped like a sausage; &?; sausage + &?; form.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the allantois.

 ||Al'lan*toid"e*a (&?;), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) The division of Vertebrata in which the embryo develops an allantois. It includes reptiles, birds, and mammals.

 Al*lan"to*in (&?;), n. (Chem.) A crystalline, transparent, colorless substance found in the allantoic liquid of the fetal calf; -- formerly called allantoic acid and amniotic acid.

 { ||Al*lan"to*is (&?;), Al*lan"toid (&?;), } n.. (Anat.)
 A membranous appendage of the embryos of mammals, birds, and reptiles, -- in mammals serving to connect the fetus with the parent; the urinary vesicle.

 Al"la*trate (&?;), v. i. [L. allatrare. See Latrate.] To bark as a dog. [Obs.] Stubbes.
 Al*lay" (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Allayed (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Allaying.] [OE. alaien, aleggen, to lay down, put down, humble, put an end to, AS. lecgan; - (cf. Goth. us-, G. er-, orig. meaning out) + lecgan to lay; but confused with old forms of allege, alloy, alegge.
 See Lay.] 1. To make quiet or put at rest; to pacify or appease; to quell; to calm; as, to allay popular excitement; to allay the tumult of the passions.

2. To alleviate; to abate; to mitigate; as, to allay the severity of affliction or the bitterness of adversity.

 It would allay the burning quality of that fell poison. Shak.
Syn. -- To alleviate; check; repress; assuage; appease; abate; subdue; destroy; compose; soothe; calm; quiet. See Alleviate.

 Al*lay" (&?;), v. t. To diminish in strength; to abate; to subside. "When the rage allays." Shak.
 Al*lay", n. Alleviation; abatement; check. [Obs.]

 Al*lay", n. Alloy. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Al*lay", v. t. To mix (metals); to mix with a baser metal; to alloy; to deteriorate. [Archaic] Fuller.
 Al*lay"er (&?;), n. One who, or that which, allays.

 Al*lay"ment (&?;), n. An allaying; that which allays; mitigation. [Obs.]

 The like allayment could I give my grief. Shak.
 Al"le*cret (&?;), n. [OF. alecret, halecret, hallecret.]
 A kind of light armor used in the sixteenth century, esp. by the Swiss. Fairholt.
 Al*lect" (&?;), v. t. [L. allectare, freq. of allicere, allectum.] To allure; to entice. [Obs.]

 Al'lec*ta"tion (&?;), n. [L. allectatio.] Enticement; allurement. [Obs.] Bailey.
 Al*lec"tive (&?;), a. [LL. allectivus.] Alluring. [Obs.]

 Al*lec"tive, n. Allurement. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
 Al*ledge" (&?;), v. t. See Allege. [Obs.]

 This spelling, corresponding to abridge, was once the prevailing one.

 Al'le*ga"tion (&?;), n. [L. allegatio, fr. allegare, allegatum, to send a message, cite; later, to free by giving reasons; ad + legare to send, commission. Cf. Allege and Adlegation.] 1. The act of alleging


us a wolf, because he kept off the wolves.] (Rom. Antiq.) A feast of the Romans in honor of Lupercus, or Pan.

 Lu"pine (?), n. [L. lupinus, lupinum, apparently fr.
 lupinus belonging to a wolf, fr. lupus a wolf; perh. so called because it was supposed to exhaust the soil: cf. F. lupin.
 Cf. Wolf.] (Bot.) A leguminous plant of the genus Lupinus, especially L. albus, the seeds of which have been used for food from ancient times. The common species of the Eastern United States is L. perennis. There are many species in California.

 Lu"pine (?), a. [See Lupine, n.] Wolfish; ravenous. Gauden.
 Lu"pin*in (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside found in the seeds of several species of lupine, and extracted as a yellowish white crystalline substance.

 Lu"pin*ine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid found in several species of lupine (Lupinus luteus, L. albus, etc.), and extracted as a bitter crystalline substance.

 Lu"pu*lin (?), n. [Cf. F. lupulin. See Lupuline.] 1.
(Chem.) A bitter principle extracted from hops.

2. The fine yellow resinous powder found upon the strobiles or fruit of hops, and containing this bitter principle. [Written also lupuline.]

 Lu"pu*line (?), n. [NL. lupulus the hop, fr. L. lupus the hop: cf. F. lupuline.] (Chem.) An alkaloid extracted from hops as a colorless volatile liquid.

 Lu'pu*lin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, hops; specifically, designating an acid obtained by the decomposition of lupulin.

 ||Lu"pus (?), n. [L., a wolf. See Wolf.] 1. (Med.) A cutaneous disease occurring under two distinct forms.

Lupus erythematosus is characterized by an eruption of red patches, which become incrusted, leaving superficial scars. L. vulgaris is marked by the development of nodules which often ulcerate deeply and produce great deformity. Formerly the latter was often confounded with cancer, and some varieties of cancer were included under Lupus.

2. (Astron.) The Wolf, a constellation situated south of Scorpio.

 Lur*ca"tion (?), n. [See its Lurch.] Gluttony; gormandizing. [Obs.]

 Lurch (?), v. i. [L. lurcare, lurcari.] To swallow or eat greedily; to devour; hence, to swallow up. [Obs.]

 Too far off from great cities, which may hinder business; too near them, which lurcheth all provisions, and maketh everything dear.

Bacon.
 Lurch, n. [OF. lourche name of a game; as adj., deceived, embarrassed.] 1. An old game played with dice and counters; a variety of the game of tables.

2. A double score in cribbage for the winner when his adversary has been left in the lurch.

 Lady --- has cried her eyes out on losing a lurch.

Walpole.
To leave one in the lurch. (a) In the game of cribbage, to leave one's adversary so far behind that the game is won before he has scored thirty-one. (b) To leave one behind; hence, to abandon, or fail to stand by, a person in a difficulty. Denham.
 But though thou'rt of a different church, I will not leave thee in the lurch.

Hudibras.
 Lurch, v. t. 1. To leave in the lurch; to cheat. [Obs.]

 Never deceive or lurch the sincere communicant.

South.
2. To steal; to rob. [Obs.]

 And in the brunt of seventeen battles since He lurched all swords of the garland.

Shak.
 Lurch, n. [Cf. W. llerch, llerc, a frisk, a frisking backward or forward, a loitering, a lurking, a lurking, llercian, llerciaw, to be idle, to frisk; or perh. fr. E. lurch to lurk.] A sudden roll of a ship to one side, as in heavy weather; hence, a swaying or staggering movement to one side, as that by a drunken man.
 Fig.: A sudden and capricious inclination of the mind.

 Lurch (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lurched (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Lurching.] To roll or sway suddenly to one side, as a ship or a drunken man.

 Lurch, v. i. [A variant of lurk.] 1. To withdraw to one side, or to a private place; to lurk. L'Estrange.
2. To dodge; to shift; to play tricks.

 I... am fain to shuffle, to hedge, and to lurch.

Shak.
 Lurch"er (?), n. [See Lurch to lurk.] 1. One that lurches or lies in wait; one who watches to pilfer, or to betray or entrap; a poacher.

2. (Zoöl.) One of a mongrel breed of dogs said to have been a cross between the sheep dog, greyhound, and spaniel. It hunts game silently, by scent, and is often used by poachers.

 Lurch"er, n. [L. lurco, lurcho, a glutton. See 1st Lurch.] A glutton; a gormandizer. [Obs.]

 Lurch"line' (?), n. The line by which a fowling net was pulled over so as to inclose the birds.

 Lur"dan (?), a. Stupid; blockish. [Obs.]

 Lur"dan, n. [OF. lourdin, fr. lourd heavy, dull, thick-headed. See Lord.] A blockhead. [Obs.]

 Lure (?), n. [OF. loire, loirre, loerre, F. leurre lure, decoy; of German origin; cf. MHG. luoder, G. luder lure, carrion.] 1. A contrivance somewhat resembling a bird, and often baited with raw meat; -- used by falconers in recalling hawks. Shak.
2. Any enticement; that which invites by the prospect of advantage or pleasure; a decoy. Milton.
3. (Hat Making) A velvet smoothing brush. Knight.
 Lure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Lured (?); p. pr. & vb.
 n. Luring.] [OF. loirer, loirier, F. leurrer. See Lure, n.] To draw to the lure; hence, to allure or invite by means of anything that promises pleasure or advantage; to entice; to attract.

 I am not lured with love.

Piers Plowman.
 And various science lures the learned eye.

Gay.
 Lure, v. i. To recall a hawk or other animal.

 Lurg (?), n. (Zoöl.) A large marine annelid (Nephthys cæca), inhabiting the sandy shores of Europe and America. It is whitish, with a pearly luster, and grows to the length of eight or ten inches.

 Lu"rid (?), a. [L. luridus.] 1. Pale yellow; ghastly pale; wan; gloomy; dismal.

 Fierce o'er their beauty blazed the lurid flame.

Thomson.
 Wrapped in drifts of lurid smoke On the misty


descending. Smart.
 De*scen"so*ry (?), n. [NL. descensorium: cf. OF. descensoire.
 See Descend.] A vessel used in alchemy to extract oils.

 De*scent" (?), n. [F. descente, fr. descendre; like vente, from vendre. See Descend.] 1. The act of descending, or passing downward; change of place from higher to lower.

2. Incursion; sudden attack; especially, hostile invasion from sea; -- often followed by upon or on; as, to make a descent upon the enemy.

 The United Provinces... ordered public prayer to God, when they feared that the French and English fleets would make a descent upon their coasts.

Jortin.
3. Progress downward, as in station, virtue, as in station, virtue, and the like, from a higher to a lower state, from a higher to a lower state, from the more to the less important, from the better to the worse, etc.

2. Derivation, as from an ancestor; procedure by generation; lineage; birth; extraction. Dryden.
5. (Law) Transmission of an estate by inheritance, usually, but not necessarily, in the descending line; title to inherit an estate by reason of consanguinity. Abbott.
6. Inclination downward; a descending way; inclined or sloping surface; declivity; slope; as, a steep descent.

7. That which is descended; descendants; issue.

 If care of our descent perplex us most, Which must be born to certain woe.

Milton.
8. A step or remove downward in any scale of gradation; a degree in the scale of genealogy; a generation.

 No man living is a thousand descents removed from Adam himself.

Hooker.
9. Lowest place; extreme downward place. [R.]

 And from the extremest upward of thy head, To the descent and dust below thy foot.

Shak. 10. (Mus.) A passing from a higher to a lower tone.

Syn. -- Declivity; slope; degradation; extraction; lineage; assault; invasion; attack.

 De*scrib"a*ble (?), a. That can be described; capable of description.

 De*scribe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Described (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Describing.] [L. describere, descriptum; de- + scribere to write: cf. OE. descriven, OF. descrivre, F. décrire. See Scribe, and cf. Descry.] 1. To represent by drawing; to draw a plan of; to delineate; to trace or mark out; as, to describe a circle by the compasses; a torch waved about the head in such a way as to describe a circle.

2. To represent by words written or spoken; to give an account of; to make known to others by words or signs; as, the geographer describes countries and cities.

3. To distribute into parts, groups, or classes; to mark off; to class. [Obs.]

 Passed through the land, and described it by cities into seven parts in a book.

Josh. xviii. 9.
Syn. -- To set forth; represent; delineate; relate; recount; narrate; express; explain; depict; portray; chracterize.

 De*scribe", v. i. To use the faculty of describing; to give a description; as, Milton describes with uncommon force and beauty.

 De*scrib"ent (?), n. [L. describens, p. pr. of describere.]
 (Geom.) Same as Generatrix.

 De*scrib"er (?), n. One who describes.

 De*scri"er (?), n. One who descries.

 De*scrip"tion (?), n. [F. description, L. descriptio.
 See Describe.] 1. The act of describing; a delineation by marks or signs.

2. A sketch or account of anything in words; a portraiture or representation in language; an enumeration of the essential qualities of a thing or species.

 Milton has descriptions of morning.

D. Webster.
3. A class to which a certain representation is applicable; kind; sort.

 A difference... between them and another description of public creditors.

A. Hamilton.
 The plates were all of the meanest description.

Macaulay.
Syn. -- Account; definition; recital; relation; detail; narrative; narration; explanation; delineation; representation; kind; sort. See Definition.

 De*scrip"tive (?), a. [L. descriptivus: cf. F. descriptif.]
 Tending to describe; having the quality of representing; containing description; as, a descriptive figure; a descriptive phrase; a descriptive narration; a story descriptive of the age.

Descriptive anatomy, that part of anatomy which treats of the forms and relations of parts, but not of their textures. -- Descriptive geometry, that branch of geometry. which treats of the graphic solution of problems involving three dimensions, by means of projections upon auxiliary planes. Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. )
 -- De*scrip"tive*ly, adv. -- De*scrip"tive*ness, n. De*scrive" (?), v. t. [OF. descrivre. See Describe.] To describe. [Obs.] Spenser.
 De*scry" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Descried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Descrying.] [OE. descrien, discrien, to espy, prob. from the proclaiming of what was espied, fr. OF. descrier to proclaim, cry down, decry, F. décrier. The word was confused somewhat with OF. descriven, E. describe, OF. descrivre, from L. describere. See Decry.] 1. To spy out or discover by the eye, as objects distant or obscure; to espy; to recognize; to discern; to discover.

 And the house of Joseph sent to descry Bethel.

Judg. i. 23.
 Edmund, I think, is gone... to descry The strength o' the enemy.

Shak.
 And now their way to earth they had descried.

Milton.
2. To discover; to disclose; to reveal. [R.]

 His purple robe he had thrown aside, lest it should descry him.

Milton.
Syn. -- To see; behold; espy; discover; discern.

 De*scry" (?), n. Discovery or view, as of an army seen at a distance. [Obs.]

 Near, and on speedy foot; the main descry Stands on the hourly thought.

Shak.
 Des"e*cate (?), v. t. [L. desecare to cut off.] To cut, as with a scythe; to mow. [Obs.]

 Des"e*crate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Desecrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Desecrating (?).] [L. desecratus, p. p. of desecrare (also desacrare) to consecrate, dedicate; but taken in the sense if to divest of a sacred character; de- + sacrare to consecrate, fr. sacer sacred. See Sacred.] To divest of a sacred character or office; to divert from a sacred purpose; to violate the sanctity of; to profane; to put to an unworthy use; -- the opposite of consecrate.

 The [Russian] clergy can not suffer corporal punishment without being previously desecrated.

W. Tooke.
 The founders of monasteries imprecated evil on those who should desecrate their donations.

Sal


EIGHT HUNDRED LEAGUES ON THE AMAZON By Jules Verne CONTENTS PART I. THE GIANT RAFT CHAPTER I. A CAPTAIN OF THE WOODS CHAPTER II. ROBBER AND ROBBED CHAPTER III. THE GARRAL FAMILY CHAPTER IV. HESITATION CHAPTER V. THE AMAZON CHAPTER VI. A FOREST ON THE GROUND CHAPTER VII. FOLLOWING A LIANA CHAPTER VIII. THE JANGADA CHAPTER IX. THE EVENING OF THE FIFTH OF JUNE CHAPTER X. FROM IQUITOS TO PEVAS CHAPTER XI. FROM PEVAS TO THE FRONTIER CHAPTER XII. FRAGOSO AT WORK CHAPTER XIII. TORRES CHAPTER XIV. STILL DESCENDING CHAPTER XV. THE CONTINUED DESCENT CHAPTER XVI. EGA CHAPTER XVII. AN ATTACK CHAPTER XVIII. THE ARRIVAL DINNER CHAPTER XIX. ANCIENT HISTORY CHAPTER XX. BETWEEN THE TWO MEN PART II. THE CRYPTOGRAM CHAPTER I. MANAOS CHAPTER II. THE FIRST MOMENTS CHAPTER III. RETROSPECTIVE CHAPTER IV. MORAL PROOFS CHAPTER V. MATERIAL PROOFS CHAPTER VI. THE LAST BLOW CHAPTER VII. RESOLUTIONS CHAPTER VIII. THE FIRST SEARCH CHAPTER IX. THE SECOND ATTEMPT CHAPTER X. A CANNON SHOT CHAPTER XI. THE CONTENTS OF THE CASE CHAPTER XII. THE DOCUMENT CHAPTER XIII. IS IT A MATTER OF FIGURES?
 CHAPTER XIV. CHANCE!
 CHAPTER XV. THE LAST EFFORTS CHAPTER XVI. PREPARATIONS CHAPTER XVII. THE LAST NIGHT CHAPTER XVIII. FRAGOSO CHAPTER XIX. THE CRIME OF TIJUCO CHAPTER XX. THE LOWER AMAZON PART I. THE GIANT RAFT CHAPTER I. A CAPTAIN OF THE WOODS "P h y j s l y d d q f d z x g a s g z z q q e h x g k f n d r x u j u g I o c y t d x v k s b x h h u y p o h d v y r y m h u h p u y d k j o x p h e t o z l s l e t n p m v f f o v p d p a j x h y y n o j y g g a y m e q y n f u q l n m v l y f g s u z m q I z t l b q q y u g s q e u b v n r c r e d g r u z b l r m x y u h q h p z d r r g c r o h e p q x u f I v v r p l p h o n t h v d d q f h q s n t z h h h n f e p m q k y u u e x k t o g z g k y u u m f v I j d q d p z j q s y k r p l x h x q r y m v k l o h h h o t o z v d k s p p s u v j h d." The man who held in his hand the document of which this strange assemblage of letters formed the concluding paragraph remained for some moments lost in thought.
It contained about a hundred of these lines, with the letters at even distances, and undivided into words. It seemed to have been written many years before, and time had already laid his tawny finger on the sheet of good stout paper which was covered with the hieroglyphics.
On what principle had these letters been arranged? He who held the paper was alone able to tell. With such cipher language it is as with the locks of some of our iron safes—in either case the protection is the same. The combinations which they lead to can be counted by millions, and no calculator's life would suffice to express them. Some particular "word" has to be known before the lock of the safe will act, and some "cipher" is necessary before that cryptogram can be read.
He who had just reperused the document was but a simple "captain of the woods." Under the name of "Capitaes do Mato" are known in Brazil those individuals who are engaged in the recapture of fugitive slaves. The institution dates from 1722. At that period anti-slavery ideas had entered the minds of a few philanthropists, and more than a century had to elapse before the mass of the people grasped and applied them. That freedom was a right, that the very first of the natural rights of man was to be free and to belong only to himself, would seem to be self-evident, and yet thousands of years had to pass before the glorious thought was generally accepted, and the nations of the earth had the courage to proclaim it.
In 1852, the year in which our story opens, there were still slaves in Brazil, and as a natural consequence, captains of the woods to pursue them. For certain reasons of political economy the hour of general emancipation had been delayed, but the black had at this date the right to ransom himself, the children which were born to him were born free. The day was not far distant when the magnificent country, into which could be put three-quarters of the continent of Europe, would no longer count a single slave among its ten millions of inhabitants.
The occupation of the captains of the woods was doomed, and at the period we speak of the advantages obtainable from the capture of fugitives were rapidly diminishing. While, however, the calling continued sufficiently profitable, the captains of the woods formed a peculiar class of adventurers, principally composed of freedmen and deserters—of not very enviable reputation. The slave hunters in fact belonged to the dregs of society, and we shall not be far wrong in assuming that the man with the cryptogram was a fitting comrade for his fellow "capitaes do mato." Torres—for that was his name—unlike the majority of his companions, was neither half-breed, Indian, nor negro. He was a white of Brazilian origin, and had received a better education than befitted his present condition. One of those unclassed men who are found so frequently in the distant countries of the New World, at a time when the Brazilian law still excluded mulattoes and others of mixed blood from certain employments, it was evident that if such exclusion had affected him, it had done so on account of his worthless character, and not because of his birth.
Torres at the present moment was not, however, in Brazil. He had just passed the frontier, and was wandering in the forests of Peru, from which issue the waters of the Upper Amazon.
He was a man of about thirty years of age, on whom the fatigues of a precarious existence seemed, thanks to an exceptional temperament and an iron constitution, to have had no effect. Of middle height, broad shoulders, regular features, and decided gait, his face was tanned with the scorching air of the tropics. He had a thick black beard, and eyes lost under contracting eyebrows, giving that swift but hard glance so characteristic of insolent natures.
Clothed as backwoodsmen are generally clothed, not over elaborately, his garments bore witness to long and roughish wear. On his head, stuck jauntily on one side, was a leather hat with a large brim. Trousers he had of coarse wool, which were tucked into the tops of the thick, heavy boots which formed the most substantial part of his attire, and over all, and hiding all, was a faded yellowish poncho.
But if Torres was a captain of the woods it was evident that he was not now employed in that capacity, his means of attack and defense being obviously insufficient for any one engaged in the pursuit of the blacks. No firearms—neither gun nor revolver. In his belt only one of those weapons, more sword than hunting-knife, called a "manchetta," and in addition he had an "enchada," which is a sort of hoe, specially employed


Min.) A variety of opal occuring in the cavities of volcanic tufa, in smooth and shining globular and botryoidal masses, having a pearly luster; - - so called from Fiora, in Ischia.

 ||Fio'ri*tu"re (?), n. pl. [It., pl. of fioritura a flowering.] (Mus.) Little flowers of ornament introduced into a melody by a singer or player.

 Fip"pen*ny bit' (? or?). [Corruption of five penny bit.] The Spanish half real, or one sixteenth of a dollar, - - so called in Pennsylvania and the adjacent States. [Obs.]

 Before the act of Congress, Feb. 21, 1857, caused the adoption of decimal coins and the withdrawal of foreign coinage from circulation, this coin passed currently for 6¼ cents, and was called in New England a fourpence ha'penny or fourpence; in New York a sixpence; in Pennsylvania, Virginia, etc., a fip; and in Louisiana, a picayune.

 Fip"ple (fr), n. [perh. fr. L. fibula a clasp, a pin; cf.
 Prov. E. fible a stick used to stir pottage.] A stopper, as in a wind instrument of music. [Obs.] Bacon.
 Fir (fr), n. [Dan. fyr, fyrr; akin to Sw. furu, Icel. fura, AS. furh in furhwudu fir wood, G. föhre, OHG. forha pine, vereheih a sort of oak, L. quercus oak.] (Bot.) A genus (Abies) of coniferous trees, often of large size and elegant shape, some of them valued for their timber and others for their resin. The species are distinguished as the balsam fir, the silver fir, the red fir, etc. The Scotch fir is a Pinus.

Fir in the Bible means any one of several coniferous trees, including, cedar, cypress, and probably three species of pine. J. D. Hooker.
 Fire (fr), n. [OE. fir, fyr, fur AS. fr; akin to D. vuur, OS. & OHG. fiur, G. feuer, Icel.
 fri, frr, Gr. py^r, and perh. to L. purus pure, E. pure Cf. Empyrean, Pyre.] 1. The evolution of light and heat in the combustion of bodies; combustion; state of ignition.

 The form of fire exhibited in the combustion of gases in an ascending stream or current is called flame. Anciently, fire, air, earth, and water were regarded as the four elements of which all things are composed.

2. Fuel in a state of combustion, as on a hearth, or in a stove or a furnace.

3. The burning of a house or town; a conflagration.

4. Anything which destroys or affects like fire.

5. Ardor of passion, whether love or hate; excessive warmth; consuming violence of temper.

 he had fire in his temper.

Atterbury.
6. Liveliness of imagination or fancy; intellectual and moral enthusiasm; capacity for ardor and zeal.

 And bless their critic with a poet's fire.

Pope.
7. Splendor; brilliancy; luster; hence, a star.

 Stars, hide your fires.

Shak.
 As in a zodiac representing the heavenly fires.

Milton.
8. Torture by burning; severe trial or affliction.

9. The discharge of firearms; firing; as, the troops were exposed to a heavy fire.

Blue fire, Red fire, Green fire (Pyrotech.), compositions of various combustible substances, as sulphur, niter, lampblack, etc., the flames of which are colored by various metallic salts, as those of antimony, strontium, barium, etc. -- Fire alarm (a) A signal given on the breaking out of a fire. (b) An apparatus for giving such an alarm. -- Fire annihilator, a machine, device, or preparation to be kept at hand for extinguishing fire by smothering it with some incombustible vapor or gas, as carbonic acid. -- Fire balloon. (a) A balloon raised in the air by the buoyancy of air heated by a fire placed in the lower part. (b) A balloon sent up at night with fireworks which ignite at a regulated height. Simmonds. -- Fire bar, a grate bar. -- Fire basket, a portable grate; a cresset. Knight. -- Fire beetle.
 (Zoöl.) See in the Vocabulary. -- Fire blast, a disease of plants which causes them to appear as if burnt by fire. -- Fire box, the chamber of a furnace, steam boiler, etc., for the fire. -- Fire brick, a refractory brick, capable of sustaining intense heat without fusion, usually made of fire clay or of siliceous material, with some cementing substance, and used for lining fire boxes, etc. -- Fire brigade, an organized body of men for extinguished fires. -- Fire bucket. See under Bucket. -- Fire bug, an incendiary; one who, from malice or through mania, persistently sets fire to property; a pyromaniac. [U.S.] -- Fire clay. See under Clay. -- Fire company, a company of men managing an engine in extinguishing fires. -- Fire cross. See Fiery cross. [Obs.] Milton. -- Fire damp. See under Damp. -- Fire dog. See Firedog, in the Vocabulary. -- Fire drill. (a) A series of evolutions performed by fireman for practice. (b) An apparatus for producing fire by friction, by rapidly twirling a wooden pin in a wooden socket; -- used by the Hindoos during all historic time, and by many savage peoples. -- Fire eater.
 (a) A juggler who pretends to eat fire. (b) A quarrelsome person who seeks affrays; a hotspur. [Colloq.] -- Fire engine, a portable forcing pump, usually on wheels, for throwing water to extinguish fire. -- Fire escape, a contrivance for facilitating escape from burning buildings. -- Fire gilding (Fine Arts), a mode of gilding with an amalgam of gold and quicksilver, the latter metal being driven off afterward by heat. -- Fire gilt (Fine Arts), gold laid on by the process of fire gilding. -- Fire insurance, the act or system of insuring against fire; also, a contract by which an insurance company undertakes, in consideration of the payment of a premium or small percentage -- usually made periodically -- to indemnify an owner of property from loss by fire during a specified period. -- Fire irons, utensils for a fireplace or grate, as tongs, poker, and shovel. -- Fire main, a pipe for water, to be used in putting out fire. -- Fire master (Mil), an artillery officer who formerly supervised the composition of fireworks. -- Fire office, an office at which to effect insurance against fire. -- Fire opal, a variety of opal giving firelike reflections. -- Fire ordeal, an ancient mode of trial, in which the test was the ability of the accused to handle or tread upon red-hot irons. Abbot. -- Fire pan, a pan for holding or conveying fire, especially the receptacle for the priming of a gun. -- Fire plug, a plug or hydrant for drawing water from the main pipes in a street, building, etc., for extinguishing fires. -- Fire policy, the writing or instrument expressing the contract of insurance against loss by fire. -- Fire pot. (a) (Mil.) A small earthen pot filled with combustibles, formerly used as a missile in war. (b) The cast iron vessel which holds the fuel or fire in a furnace. (c) A crucible. (d) A


)
 A massive lamellar variety of pyroxene, of a dingy green color. [Written also sahlite.]

 Sa*li"va (?), n. [L.; cf. Gr. &?;.] (Physiol.) The secretion from the salivary glands.

 In man the saliva is a more or less turbid and slighty viscid fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed with the secretion from the buccal glands. The secretions from the individual salivary glands have their own special characteristics, and these are not the same in all animals. In man and many animals mixed saliva, i.e., saliva composed of the secretions of all three of the salivary glands, is an important digestive fluid on account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin.

 Sa*li"val (?; 277), a. Salivary.

 Sal"i*vant (?), a. [L. salivans, p. pr. of salivare.
 See Salivate.] Producing salivation.

 Sal"i*vant, n. That which produces salivation.

 Sal"i*va*ry (?), a. [L. salivarius slimy, clammy: cf. F. salivaire.]
 (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to saliva; producing or carrying saliva; as, the salivary ferment; the salivary glands; the salivary ducts, etc.

 Sal"i*vate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salivated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Salivating.] [L. salivatus, p. p. of salivare to salivate. See Saliva.] To produce an abnormal flow of saliva in; to produce salivation or ptyalism in, as by the use of mercury.

 Sal'i*va"tion (?), n. [L. salivatio: cf. F. salivation.]
 (Physiol.) The act or process of salivating; an excessive secretion of saliva, often accompanied with soreness of the mouth and gums; ptyalism.

 It may be induced by direct chemical or mechanical stimulation, as in mastication of some tasteless substance like rubber, or indirectly by some agent which affects the whole system, as mercury compounds.

 Sa*li"vous (?), a. [L. salivosus: cf. F. saliveux.]
 Pertaining to saliva; of the nature of saliva.

 ||Sa"lix (?), n.; pl. Salices (#). [L., the willow.]
 (Bot.) (a) A genus of trees or shrubs including the willow, osier, and the like, growing usually in wet grounds. (b) A tree or shrub of any kind of willow.

 Sal"len*ders (?), n. pl. [F. solandres, solandre.] (Far.)
 An eruption on the hind leg of a horse. [Written also sellanders, and sellenders.]

 On the inside of the hock, or a little below it, as well as at the bend of the knee, there is occasionally a scurfy eruption called "mallenders" in the fore leg, and "sallenders" in the hind leg.

Youatt.
 Sal"let (sl"lt), n. [F. salade, Sp. celada, or It. celata, fr. L. (cassis) caelata, fr. caelare, caelatum, to engrave in relief. So called from the figures engraved upon it.] A light kind of helmet, with or without a visor, introduced during the 15th century. [Written also salade.]

 Then he must have a sallet wherewith his head may be saved.

Latimer.
 { Sal"let, Sal"let*ing }, n. Salad. [Obs.] Shak.
 Sal"li*ance (?), n. Salience. [Obs.]

 Sal"low (sl"l), n. [OE. salwe, AS. sealh; akin to OHG. salaha, G. salweide, Icel. selja, L. salix, Ir. sail, saileach, Gael. seileach, W. helyg, Gr. "eli'kh.] 1. The willow; willow twigs. [Poetic] Tennyson.
 And bend the pliant sallow to a shield.

Fawkes.
 The sallow knows the basketmaker's thumb.

Emerson.
2. (Bot.) A name given to certain species of willow, especially those which do not have flexible shoots, as Salix caprea, S. cinerea, etc.

Sallow thorn (Bot.), a European thorny shrub (Hippophae rhamnoides) much like an Elæagnus. The yellow berries are sometimes used for making jelly, and the plant affords a yellow dye.

 Sal"low, a. [Compar. Sallower (?); superl. Sallowest.]
 [AS. salu; akin to D. zaluw, OHG. salo, Icel. sölr yellow.] Having a yellowish color; of a pale, sickly color, tinged with yellow; as, a sallow skin. Shak.
 Sal"low, v. t. To tinge with sallowness. [Poetic] July breathes hot, sallows the crispy fields.

Lowell.
 Sal"low*ish, a. Somewhat sallow. Dickens.
 Sal"low*ness (?), n. The quality or condition of being sallow. Addison.
 Sal"ly (sl"l), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sallied (-ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Sallying.] [F. saillir, fr. L. salire to leap, spring, akin to Gr. "a'llesqai; cf. Skr. s to go, to flow.
 Cf. Salient, Assail, Assault, Exult, Insult, Saltation, Saltire.] To leap or rush out; to burst forth; to issue suddenly; as a body of troops from a fortified place to attack besiegers; to make a sally.

 They break the truce, and sally out by night.

Dryden.
 The foe retires, -- she heads the sallying host.

Byron.
 Sal"ly, n.; pl. Sallies (#). [F. saillie, fr.
 saillir. See Sally, v.] 1. A leaping forth; a darting; a spring.

2. A rushing or bursting forth; a quick issue; a sudden eruption; specifically, an issuing of troops from a place besieged to attack the besiegers; a sortie.

Sallies were made by the Spaniards, but they were beaten in with loss.

Bacon.
3. An excursion from the usual track; range; digression; deviation.

 Every one shall know a country better that makes often sallies into it, and traverses it up and down, than he that... goes still round in the same track.

Locke.
4. A flight of fancy, liveliness, wit, or the like; a flashing forth of a quick and active mind.

 The unaffected mirth with which she enjoyed his sallies.

Sir W. Scott.
5. Transgression of the limits of soberness or steadiness; act of levity; wild gayety; frolic; escapade.

 The excursion was esteemed but a sally of youth.

Sir H. Wotton.
Sally port. (a) (Fort.) A postern gate, or a passage underground, from the inner to the outer works, to afford free egress for troops in a sortie. (b) (Naval) A large port on each quarter of a fireship, for the escape of the men into boats when the train is fired; a large port in an old-fashioned three-decker or a large modern ironclad.

 Sal"ly Lunn" (?). [From a woman, Sally Lunn, who is said to have first made the cakes, and sold them in the streets of Bath, Eng.] A tea cake slighty sweet


modulus is sixty. It is used in treating the divisions of the circle.

 Sex*ag"e*na*ry, n. 1. Something composed of sixty parts or divisions.

2. A sexagenarian. Sir W. Scott.
 ||Sex'a*ges"i*ma (?), n. [L., fem. of sexagesimus sixtieth, fr. sexaginta sixty.] (Eccl.) The second Sunday before Lent; -- so called as being about the sixtieth day before Easter.

 Sex'a*ges"i*mal (?), a. [Cf. F. sexagésimal.]
 Pertaining to, or founded on, the number sixty.

Sexagesimal fractions or numbers (Arith. & Alg.), those fractions whose denominators are some power of sixty; as,,, ; -- called also astronomical fractions, because formerly there were no others used in astronomical calculations. -- Sexagesimal, or Sexagenary, arithmetic, the method of computing by the sexagenary scale, or by sixties. -- Sexagesimal scale (Math.), the sexagenary scale.

 Sex'a*ges"i*mal, n. A sexagesimal fraction.

 Sex"an'gle (?), n. [L. sexangulus sexangular; sex six + angulus angle: cf. F. sexangle. Cf. Hexangular.] (Geom.)
 A hexagon. [R.] Hutton.
 { Sex"an'gled (?), Sex*an"gu*lar (?) } a. [Cf. F. sexangulaire.]
 Having six angles; hexagonal. [R.] Dryden.
 Sex*an"gu*lar*ly, adv. Hexagonally. [R.]

 Sex*av"a*lent (?), a. See Sexivalent. [R.]

 Sex*dig"it*ism (?), n. [Sex- + digit.] The state of having six fingers on a hand, or six toes on a foot.

 Sex*dig"it*ist, n. One who has six fingers on a hand, or six toes on a foot.

 Sexed (?), a. Belonging to sex; having sex; distinctively male of female; as, the sexed condition.

 Sex"e*na*ry (?), a. Proceeding by sixes; sextuple; -- applied especially to a system of arithmetical computation in which the base is six.

 Sex*en"ni*al (?), a. [L. sexennium a period of six years, sexennis of six years; sex six + annus a year. See Six, and Annual.]
 Lasting six years, or happening once in six years. -- n. A sexennial event.

 Sex*en"ni*al*ly, adv. Once in six years.

 { Sex"fid (?), Sex"i*fid (?), } a. [Sex- + root of L. findere to split: cf. F. sexfide.] (Bot.) Six-cleft; as, a sexfid calyx or nectary.

 Sex'i*syl*lab"ic (?), a. [Sex- + syllabic.] Having six syllables. Emerson.
 Sex"i*syl'la*ble (?), n. [Sex- + syllable.] A word of six syllables.

 Sex*iv"a*lent (?), a. [Sex- + L. valens, p. pr. See Valence.] (hem.) Hexavalent. [R.]

 Sex"less (?), a. Having no sex.

 Sex'loc"u*lar (?), a. [Sex- + locular: cf. F. sexloculaire.]
 (Bot.) Having six cells for seeds; six-celled; as, a sexlocular pericarp.

 Sex"ly (?), a. Pertaining to sex. [R.]

 Should I ascribe any of these things unto myself or my sexly weakness, I were not worthy to live.

Queen Elizabeth.
 Sex*ra"di*ate (?), a. [Sex- + radiate.] (Zoöl.)
 Having six rays; -- said of certain sponge spicules. See Illust. of Spicule.

 Sext (?), n. [L. sexta, fem. of sextus sixtt, fr. sex six: cf. F. sexte.] (R.C.Ch.) (a) The office for the sixth canonical hour, being a part of the Breviary. (b) The sixth book of the decretals, added by Pope Boniface VIII.

 Sex"tain, n. [L. sextus sixth, fr. sex six: cf. It.
 sestina.] (Pros.) A stanza of six lines; a sestine.

 ||Sex"tans (?), n. [L. See Sextant.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.)
 A Roman coin, the sixth part of an as.

2. (Astron.) A constellation on the equator south of Leo; the Sextant.

 Sex"tant (?), n. [L. sextans, -antis, the sixth part of an as, fr. sextus sixth, sex six. See Six.] 1. (Math.)
 The sixth part of a circle.

2. An instrument for measuring angular distances between objects, -- used esp. at sea, for ascertaining the latitude and longitude. It is constructed on the same optical principle as Hadley's quadrant, but usually of metal, with a nicer graduation, telescopic sight, and its arc the sixth, and sometimes the third, part of a circle. See Quadrant.

3. (Astron.) The constellation Sextans.

Box sextant, a small sextant inclosed in a cylindrical case to make it more portable.

 Sex"ta*ry (?), n.; pl. Sextaries (#). [L. sextarius the sixth part of a measure, weight, etc., fr. sextus sixth, sex six.] (Rom. Antiq.) An ancient Roman liquid and dry measure, about equal to an English pint.

 Sex"ta*ry (?), n. [For sextonry.] A sacristy. [Obs.]

 { Sex*tet" (?), Sex*tet"to (?), } n. (Mus.) See Sestet.

 Sex"teyn (?), n. A sacristan. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Sex"tic (?), a. [L. sextus sixth.] (Math.) Of the sixth degree or order. -- n. (Alg.) A quantic of the sixth degree.

 Sex"tile (?), a. [F. sextil, fr. L. sextus the sixth, from sex six. See Six.] (Astrol.) Measured by sixty degrees; fixed or indicated by a distance of sixty degrees. Glanvill.
 Sex"tile, n. [Cf. F. aspect sextil.] (Astrol.) The aspect or position of two planets when distant from each other sixty degrees, or two signs. This position is marked thus: &8star;. Hutton.
 Sex*til"lion (?), n. [Formed (in imitation of million) fr.
 L. sextus sixth, sex six: cf. F. sextilion.]
 According to the method of numeration (which is followed also in the United States), the number expressed by a unit with twenty-one ciphers annexed. According to the English method, a million raised to the sixth power, or the number expressed by a unit with thirty-six ciphers annexed.
 See Numeration.

 Sex"to (?), n.; pl. Sextos (#). [L. sextus sixth.] A book consisting of sheets each of which is folded into six leaves.

 Sex'to*dec"i*mo (?), a. [L. sextusdecimus the sixteenth; sextus the sixth (fr. sex six) + decimus the tenth, from decem ten. See - mo.] Having sixteen leaves to a sheet; of, or equal to, the size of one fold of a sheet of printing paper when folded so as to make sixteen leaves, or thirty-two pages; as, a sextodecimo volume.

 Sex'to*dec"imo, n.; pl. Sextodecimos (&?;). A book composed of sheets each of which is folded into sixteen leaves; hence, indicating, more or less definitely, a size of a book; -- usually written 16mo, or 16°.

 Sex


. Dering.
2. (Gram.) Applied to the case (as the fourth case of Latin and Greek nouns) which expresses the immediate object on which the action or influence of a transitive verb terminates, or the immediate object of motion or tendency to, expressed by a preposition. It corresponds to the objective case in English.

 Ac*cu"sa*tive, n. (Gram.) The accusative case.

 Ac*cu"sa*tive*ly, adv. 1. In an accusative manner.

2. In relation to the accusative case in grammar.

 Ac*cu'sa*to"ri*al (&?;), a. Accusatory.

 Ac*cu'sa*to"ri*al*ly, adv. By way accusation.

 Ac*cu"sa*to*ry (&?;), a. [L. accusatorius, fr. accusare.]
 Pertaining to, or containing, an accusation; as, an accusatory libel. Grote.
 Ac*cuse" (&?;), n. Accusation. [Obs.] Shak.
 Ac*cuse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accused (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Accusing.] [OF. acuser, F. accuser, L. accusare, to call to account, accuse; ad + causa cause, lawsuit. Cf. Cause.] 1. To charge with, or declare to have committed, a crime or offense; (Law) to charge with an offense, judicially or by a public process; -- with of; as, to accuse one of a high crime or misdemeanor.

 Neither can they prove the things whereof they now accuse me.
Acts xxiv. 13.
 We are accused of having persuaded Austria and Sardinia to lay down their arms. Macaulay.
2. To charge with a fault; to blame; to censure.

 Their thoughts the meanwhile accusing or else excusing one another. Rom. ii. 15.
3. To betray; to show. [L.] Sir P. Sidney.
Syn. -- To charge; blame; censure; reproach; criminate; indict; impeach; arraign. -- To Accuse, Charge, Impeach, Arraign. These words agree in bringing home to a person the imputation of wrongdoing. To accuse is a somewhat formal act, and is applied usually (though not exclusively) to crimes; as, to accuse of treason. Charge is the most generic. It may refer to a crime, a dereliction of duty, a fault, etc.; more commonly it refers to moral delinquencies; as, to charge with dishonesty or falsehood. To arraign is to bring (a person) before a tribunal for trial; as, to arraign one before a court or at the bar public opinion. To impeach is officially to charge with misbehavior in office; as, to impeach a minister of high crimes. Both impeach and arraign convey the idea of peculiar dignity or impressiveness.

 Ac*cused" (&?;), a. Charged with offense; as, an accused person.

 Commonly used substantively; as, the accused, one charged with an offense; the defendant in a criminal case.

 Ac*cuse"ment (-kz"ment), n. [OF. acusement. See Accuse.] Accusation. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Ac*cus"er (&?;), n. [OE. acuser, accusour; cf.
 OF. acuseor, fr. L. accusator, fr. accusare.] One who accuses; one who brings a charge of crime or fault.

 Ac*cus"ing*ly, adv. In an accusing manner.

 Ac*cus"tom (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accustomed (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Accustoming.] [OF. acostumer, acustumer, F. accoutumer; à (L. ad) + OF. costume, F. coutume, custom. See Custom.] To make familiar by use; to habituate, familiarize, or inure; -- with to.

 I shall always fear that he who accustoms himself to fraud in little things, wants only opportunity to practice it in greater. Adventurer.
Syn. -- To habituate; inure; exercise; train.

 Ac*cus"tom, v. i. 1. To be wont. [Obs.] Carew.
2. To cohabit. [Obs.]

 We with the best men accustom openly; you with the basest commit private adulteries. Milton.
 Ac*cus"tom, n. Custom. [Obs.] Milton.
 Ac*cus"tom*a*ble (&?;), a. Habitual; customary; wonted. "Accustomable goodness." Latimer.
 Ac*cus"tom*a*bly, adv. According to custom; ordinarily; customarily. Latimer.
 Ac*cus"tom*ance (&?;), n. [OF. accoustumance, F. accoutumance.]
 Custom; habitual use. [Obs.] Boyle.
 Ac*cus"tom*a*ri*ly (&?;), adv. Customarily. [Obs.]

 Ac*cus"tom*a*ry (&?;), a. Usual; customary. [Archaic] Featley.
 Ac*cus"tomed (&?;), a. 1. Familiar through use; usual; customary. "An accustomed action." Shak.
2. Frequented by customers. [Obs.] "A well accustomed shop."
 Smollett.
 Ac*cus"tomed*ness, n. Habituation.

Accustomedness to sin hardens the heart. Bp. Pearce.
 Ace (&?;), n.; pl. Aces (&?;). [OE. as, F. as, fr. L. as, assis, unity, copper coin, the unit of coinage. Cf. As.]

1. A unit; a single point or spot on a card or die; the card or die so marked; as, the ace of diamonds.

2. Hence: A very small quantity or degree; a particle; an atom; a jot.

 I 'll not wag an ace further. Dryden.
To bate an ace, to make the least abatement. [Obs.] -- Within an ace of, very near; on the point of. W. Irving.
 A*cel"da*ma (&?;), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. Syr. kl dam the field of blood.] The potter's field, said to have lain south of Jerusalem, purchased with the bribe which Judas took for betraying his Master, and therefore called the field of blood. Fig.: A field of bloodshed.

 The system of warfare... which had already converted immense tracts into one universal aceldama. De Quincey.
 A*cen"tric (&?;), a. [Gr. 'a priv. + &?; a point, a center.] Not centered; without a center.

 Ac"e*phal (&?;), n. [Gr. &?;; 'a priv. + &?; head: cf.
 F. acéphale, LL. acephalus.] (Zoöl.) One of the Acephala.

 ||A*ceph"a*la (&?;), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, adj. neut.
 pl., headless. See Acephal.] (Zoöl.) That division of the Mollusca which includes the bivalve shells, like the clams and oysters; -- so called because they have no evident head. Formerly the group included the Tunicata, Brachiopoda, and sometimes the Bryozoa. See Mollusca.

 A*ceph"a*lan (&?;), n. Same as Acephal.

 A*ceph"a*lan, a. (Zoöl.) Belonging to the Acephala.

 ||A*ceph"a*li (&?;), n. pl. [LL., pl. of acephalus. See


.
 & vb. n. Spindling (?).] To shoot or grow into a long, slender stalk or body; to become disproportionately tall and slender.

 It has begun to spindle into overintellectuality.

Lowell.
 Spin"dle-legged' (?), a. Having long, slender legs.

 Spin"dle*legs' (?), n. A spindleshanks.

 Spin"dle-shanked' (?), a. Having long, slender legs. Addison.
 Spin"dle*shanks' (?), n. A person with slender shanks, or legs; -- used humorously or in contempt.

 Spin"dle-shaped' (?), a. 1. Having the shape of a spindle.

2. (Bot.) Thickest in the middle, and tapering to both ends; fusiform; -- applied chiefly to roots.

 Spin"dle*tail' (?), n. (Zoöl.) The pintail duck.
 [Local, U.S.]

 Spin"dle*worm' (?), n. (Zoöl.) The larva of a noctuid mmoth (Achatodes zeæ) which feeds inside the stalks of corn (maize), sometimes causing much damage. It is smooth, with a black head and tail and a row of black dots across each segment.

 Spin"dling (?), a. Long and slender, or disproportionately tall and slender; as, a spindling tree; a spindling boy.

 Spine (?), n. [L. spina thorn, the spine; akin to spica a point: cf. OF. espine, F. épine. Cf. Spike, Spinet a musical instrument, Spinny.] 1. (Bot.) A sharp appendage to any of a plant; a thorn.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) A rigid and sharp projection upon any part of an animal. (b) One of the rigid and undivided fin rays of a fish.

3. (Anat.) The backbone, or spinal column, of an animal; -- so called from the projecting processes upon the vertebræ.

4. Anything resembling the spine or backbone; a ridge.

 Spine"back' (?), n. (Zoöl.) A fish having spines in, or in front of, the dorsal fins.

 Spine"bill' (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any species of Australian birds of the genus Acanthorhynchus. They are related to the honey eaters.

 Spined (?), a. Furnished with spines; spiny.

 Spine"-finned' (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having fine supported by spinous fin rays; -- said of certain fishes.

 { Spi*nel" (?), Spi*nelle" (?), } n. [F. spinelle, or LL. spinellus, perhaps from L. spina a thorn, a prickle, in allusion to its pointed crystals.] (Min.) A mineral occuring in octahedrons of great hardness and various colors, as red, green, blue, brown, and black, the red variety being the gem spinel ruby. It consist essentially of alumina and magnesia, but commonly contains iron and sometimes also chromium.

 The spinel group includes spinel proper, also magnetite, chromite, franklinite, gahnite, etc., all of which may be regarded as composed of a sesquioxide and a protoxide in equal proportions.

 Spin"el (?), n. Bleached yarn in making the linen tape called inkle; unwrought inkle. Knight.
 Spine"less (?), a. Having no spine.

 Spi*nes"cent (?), a.[L. spinescens, -entis, p. pr. of spinescere to know to grow thorny, fr. spina a thorn: cf. F.
 spinescent.] (Bot.) Becoming hard and thorny; tapering gradually to a rigid, leafless point; armed with spines. Gray.
 Spin"et (?), n. [OF. espinete, F. épinette (cf. It. spinetta), fr. L. spina a thorn; -- so called because its quills resemble thorns. See Spine.] (Mus.) A keyed instrument of music resembling a harpsichord, but smaller, with one string of brass or steel wire to each note, sounded by means of leather or quill plectrums or jacks. It was formerly much used.

Dumb spinet. (Mus.) See Manichordon.

 Spi"net (?), n. [L. spinetum. See Spinny.] A spinny. [Obs.]
 B. Jonson.
 Spine"tail' (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one or several species of swifts of the genus Acanthylis, or Chætura, and allied genera, in which the shafts of the tail feathers terminate in rigid spines. (b) Any one of several species of South American and Central American clamatorial birds belonging to Synallaxis and allied genera of the family Dendrocolaptidæ. They are allied to the ovenbirds. (c) The ruddy duck. [Local, U.S.]

 Spine"-tailed (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having the tail quills ending in sharp, naked tips.

Spine-tailed swift. (Zoöl.) See Spinetail (a).

 Spin"et*ed (?), a. Slit; cleft. [Obs. & R.]

 Spi*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. spinifer; spina thorn + ferre to produce.] Producing spines; bearing thorns or spines; thorny; spiny.

 Spin"i*form (?), a. Shaped like a spine.

 Spi*nig"er*ous (?), a. [L. spiniger; spina spine + gerere to bear.] Bearing a spine or spines; thorn-bearing.

 Spin"i*ness (?), n. Quality of being spiny.

 Spin'i-spir"u*late (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having spines arranged spirally. See Spicule.

 Spink (spk), n. [Cf. dial. Sw. spink a kind of small bird, Gr. spi'ggos, and E. finch.] (Zoöl.) The chaffinch.

 Spin"na*ker (?), n. (Naut.) A large triangular sail set upon a boom, -- used when running before the wind.

 Spin"ner (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, spins one skilled in spinning; a spinning machine.

2. A spider. "Long-legged spinners." Shak.
3. (Zoöl.) A goatsucker; -- so called from the peculiar noise it makes when darting through the air.

4. (Zoöl.) A spinneret.

Ring spinner, a machine for spinning, in which the twist, given to the yarn by a revolving bobbin, is regulated by the drag of a small metal loop which slides around a ring encircling the bobbin, instead of by a throstle.

 Spin"ner*et (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the special jointed organs situated on the under side, and near the end, of the abdomen of spiders, by means of which they spin their webs. Most spiders have three pairs of spinnerets, but some have only two pairs. The ordinary silk line of the spider is composed of numerous smaller lines jointed after issuing from the spinnerets.

 Spin"ner*ule (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the numerous small spinning tubes on the spinnerets of spiders.

 Spin"ney (?), n.; pl. Spinneys (&?;). Same as Spinny. T. Hughes.
 Spin"ning (?), a. & n. from Spin.

Spinning gland (Zoöl.), one of the glands which form the material for spinning the silk of silkworms and other larvæ. -- Spinning house, formerly a common name for a house of correction in England, the women confined therein being employed in spinning. -- Spinning jenny (Mach.), an engine or machine for spinning wool or cotton, by means of a large number of spindles revolving simultaneously.
 -- Spinning mite (Zoöl.), the red spider. -- Sp