Transcribed from the 1911 T. Fisher Unwin edition by David Price, email _EMAIL_ Book cover THE MASTER of MRS. CHILVERS AN IMPROBABLE COMEDY IMAGINED BY JEROME K. JERMONE LONDON: T. FISHER UNWIN ADELPHI TERRACE Copyright 1911 by Jerome K. Jerome in the U.S.A.

(All rights reserved.)

THE FIRST ACT Scene: Drawing-room, 91, Russell Square.
Time: 3 p.m.
THE SECOND ACT Scene: Liberal Committee Room, East India Dock Road.
Time: 5 p.m.
THE THIRD ACT Scene: The Town Hall, East Poplar.
Time: 10 p.m.
THE FOURTH ACT Scene: Russell Square Time: Midnight THE CAST OF "THE MASTER OF MRS. CHILVERS" AS IT WAS PRODUCED AT THE ROYALTY THEATRE, LONDON, ON APRIL 26TH, 1911, UNDER THE MANAGEMENT OF MESSRS. VEDRENNE & EADIE.
Lady Mogton Mary Rorke Annys Chilvers Lena Ashwell Phoebe Mogton Ethel Dane Janet Blake Gillian Scaife Mrs. Mountcalm Villiers Sarah Brooke Elizabeth Spender Auriol Lee Rose Merton Esme Beringer Mrs. Chinn Sydney Fairbrother Geoffrey Chilvers, M.P.
Dennis Eadie Dorian St. Herbert Leon Quartermaine Ben Lamb, M.P.
A. E. Benedict William Gordon Edmund Gwenn Sigsby Michael Sherbrooke Hake H. B. Tabberer Mr. Peekin Gerald Mirrielees Mr. Hopper Stanley Logan Mrs. Peekin Rowena Jerome Miss Borlasse Cathleen Nesbitt Miss Ricketts Hetta Bartlett CHARACTERS IN THE PLAY Geoffrey Chilvers, M.P.
(President Men's League for the Extension of the Franchise to Women) A loving husband, and (would-be) affectionate father. Like many other good men, he is in sympathy with the Woman's Movement: "not thinking it is coming in his time." Annys Chilvers (née Mogton, Hon. Sec. Women's Parliamentary Franchise League) A loving wife, and (would-be) affection mother. Many thousands of years have gone to her making. A generation ago, she would have been the ideal woman: the ideal helpmeet. But new ideas are stirring in her blood, a new ideal of womanhood is forcing itself upon her.
Lady Mogton (President W.P.F.L.)
She knows she would be of more use in Parliament than many of the men who are there; is naturally annoyed at the Law's stupidity in keeping her out.
Phoebe Mogton (Org. Sec.
W.P.F.L.)
The new girl, thinking more of politics than of boys. But that will probably pass.
Janet Blake (Jt. Org. Sec.
W.P.F.L.)
She dreams of a new heaven and a new earth when woman has the vote.
Mrs. Mountcalm Villiers (Vice-President W.P.F.L.)
She was getting tired of flirting. The Woman's Movement has arrived just at the right moment.
Elizabeth Spender (Hons.
Treas. W.P.F.L.)
She sees woman everywhere the slave of man: now pampered, now beaten, but ever the slave. She can see no hope of freedom but through warfare.
Mrs. Chinn A mother.
Jawbones A bill-poster. Movements that do not fit in with the essentials of life on thirty shillings a week have no message so far as Jawbones is concerned.
Ginger Whose proper name is Rose Merton, and who has to reconcile herself to the fact that so far as her class is concerned the primæval laws still run.
Dorian St. Herbert (Hon.
Sec. M.L.E.F.W.)
He is interested in all things, the Woman's Movement included.
Ben Lamb, M.P.
As a student of woman, he admits to being in the infants' class.
Sigsby An Election Agent. He thinks the modern woman suffers from over-indulgence. He would recommend to her the teachings of St. Paul.
Hake A butler. He does not see how to avoid his wife being practically a domestic servant without wages.
A Deputation It consists of two men and three women. Superior people would call them Cranks. But Cranks have been of some service to the world, and the use of superior people is still to be discovered.
THE FIRST ACT Scene:—Drawing-room, 91, Russell Square.
Time:—Afternoon.
(Mrs. Elizabeth Spender sits near the fire, reading a book. She is a tall, thin woman, with passionate eyes, set in an oval face of olive complexion; the features are regular and severe; her massive dark hair is almost primly arranged. She wears a tailor-made costume, surmounted by a plain black hat. The door opens and Phoebe enters, shown in by Hake, the butler, a thin, ascetic-looking man of about thirty, with prematurely grey hair. Phoebe Mogton is of the Fluffy Ruffles type, petite, with a retroussé nose, remarkably bright eyes, and a quantity of fluffy light hair, somewhat untidily arranged. She is fashionably dressed in the fussy, flyaway style.
Elizabeth looks up; the two young women shake hands.)
Phoebe. Good woman.
'Tisn't three o'clock yet, is it?
Elizabeth. About five minutes to.
Phoebe. Annys is on her way. I just caught her in time. (To Hake.) Put a table and six chairs. Give mamma a hammer and a cushion at her back.
Hake. A hammer, miss?
Phoebe. A chairman's hammer. Haven't you got one?
Hake. I'm afraid not, miss. Would a gravy spoon do?
Phoebe (To Elizabeth, after expression of disgust.) Fancy a house without a chairman's hammer! (To Hake.)
See that there's something. Did your wife go to the meeting last night?
Hake (He is arranging furniture according to instructions.) I'm not quite sure, miss. I gave her the evening out.
Phoebe. "Gave her the evening out"!
Elizabeth. We are speaking of your wife, man, not your servant.
Hake. Yes, miss. You see, we don't keep servants in our class.
Somebody's got to put the children to bed.
Elizabeth. Why not the man—occasionally?
Hake. Well, you see, miss, in my case, I rarely getting home much before midnight, it would make it so late. Yesterday being my night off, things fitted in, so to speak. Will there be any writing, miss?
Phoebe. Yes. See that there's plenty of blotting-paper. (To Elizabeth.) Mamma always splashes so.
Hake. Yes, miss.
(He goes out.)
Elizabeth. Did you ever hear anything more delightfully naïve? He "gave" her the evening out. That's how they think of us—as their servants. The gentleman hasn't the courage to be straightforward about it.
The butler blurts out the truth. Why are we meeting here instead of at our own place?
Phoebe. For secrecy, I expect. Too many gasbags always about the office. I fancy—I'm not quite sure—that mamma's got a new idea.
Elizabeth. Leading to Holloway?
Phoebe. Well, most roads lead there.
Elizabeth. And end there—so far as I can see.
Phoebe. You're too impatient.
Elizabeth. It's what our friends have been telling us—for the last fifty years.
Phoebe. Look here, if it was only the usual sort of thing mamma wouldn't want it kept secret. I'm inclined to think it's a


or shout; hence, to sell by auction. [Scot.] Jamieson.
 Roup, n. 1. An outcry; hence, a sale of gods by auction.
 [Scot.] Jamieson.
 To roup, that is, the sale of his crops, was over.

J. C. Shairp.
2. A disease in poultry. See Pip.

 Rous"ant (?), a. (her.) Rising; -- applied to a bird in the attitude of rising; also, sometmes, to a bird in profile with wings addorsed.

 Rouse (rouz or rous), v. i. & t. [Perhaps the same word as rouse to start up, "buckle to."] (Naut.) To pull or haul strongly and all together, as upon a rope, without the assistance of mechanical appliances.

 Rouse (rouz), n. [Cf. D. roes drunkeness, icel. r&?;ss, Sw. rus, G. rauchen, and also E. rouse, v.t., rush, v.i. Cf. Row a disturbance.] 1. A bumper in honor of a toast or health. [Obs.] Shak.
2. A carousal; a festival; a drinking frolic.

 Fill the cup, and fill the can, Have a rouse before the morn.

Tennyson.
 Rouse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Roused (rouzd); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Rousing.] [Probably of Scan. origin; cf. Sw. rusa to rush, Dan. ruse, AS. hreósan to fall, rush. Cf.
 Rush, v.] 1. To cause to start from a covert or lurking place; as, to rouse a deer or other animal of the chase.

 Like wild boars late roused out of the brakes.

Spenser.
Rouse the fleet hart, and cheer the opening hound.

Pope.
2. To wake from sleep or repose; as, to rouse one early or suddenly.

3. To excite to lively thought or action from a state of idleness, languor, stupidity, or indifference; as, to rouse the faculties, passions, or emotions.

 To rouse up a people, the most phlegmatic of any in Christendom.

Atterbury.
4. To put in motion; to stir up; to agitate.

 Blustering winds, which all night long Had roused the sea.

Milton.
5. To raise; to make erect. [Obs.] Spenser. Shak.
 Rouse, v. i. 1. To get or start up; to rise. [Obs.]

 Night's black agents to their preys do rouse.

Shak.
2. To awake from sleep or repose.

 Morpheus rouses from his bed.

Pope.
3. To be exited to thought or action from a state of indolence or inattention.

 Rous"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, rouses.

2. Something very exciting or great. [Colloq.]

3. (Brewing) A stirrer in a copper for boiling wort.

 Rous"ing (?), a. 1. Having power to awaken or excite; exciting.

 I begin to feel Some rousing motions in me.

Milton.
2. Very great; violent; astounding; as, a rousing fire; a rousing lie. [Colloq.]

 Rous"ing*ly, adv. In a rousing manner.

 Rous*sette" (?), n. [F.; -- so called in allusion to the color. See Russet.] 1. (Zoöl.) A fruit bat, especially the large species (Pieropus vulgaris) inhabiting the islands of the Indian ocean. It measures about a yard across the expanded wings.

2. (Zoöl.) Any small shark of the genus Scyllium; -- called also dogfish. See Dogfish.

 Roust (roust), v. t. To rouse; to disturb; as, to roust one out. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]

 Roust, n. [Cf. Icel. röst an estuary.] A strong tide or current, especially in a narrow channel. [Written also rost, and roost.]
 Jamieson.
 Roust"a*bout' (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A laborer, especially a deck hand, on a river steamboat, who moves the cargo, loads and unloads wood, and the like; in an opprobrious sense, a shiftless vagrant who lives by chance jobs. [Western U.S.]

 Rout (rout), v. i. [AS. hrtan.] To roar; to bellow; to snort; to snore loudly. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer.
 Rout, n. A bellowing; a shouting; noise; clamor; uproar; disturbance; tumult. Shak.
 This new book the whole world makes such a rout about.

Sterne.
 "My child, it is not well," I said, "Among the graves to shout; To laugh and play among the dead, And make this noisy rout."

Trench.
 Rout, v. t. [A variant of root.] To scoop out with a gouge or other tool; to furrow.

To rout out (a) To turn up to view, as if by rooting; to discover; to find. (b) To turn out by force or compulsion; as, to rout people out of bed. [Colloq.]

 Rout, v. i. To search or root in the ground, as a swine. Edwards.
 Rout, n. [OF. route, LL. rupta, properly, a breaking, fr. L. ruptus, p. p. of rumpere to break. See Rupture, reave, and cf. Rote repetition of forms, Route. In some senses this word has been confused with rout a bellowing, an uproar.] [Formerly spelled also route.] 1. A troop; a throng; a company; an assembly; especially, a traveling company or throng. [Obs.] "A route of ratones [rats]." Piers Plowman. "A great solemn route." Chaucer.
 And ever he rode the hinderest of the route.

Chaucer.
 A rout of people there assembled were.

Spenser.
2. A disorderly and tumultuous crowd; a mob; hence, the rabble; the herd of common people.

 the endless routs of wretched thralls.

Spenser.
 The ringleader and head of all this rout.

Shak.
 Nor do I name of men the common rout.

Milton.
3. The state of being disorganized and thrown into confusion; -- said especially of an army defeated, broken in pieces, and put to flight in disorder or panic; also, the act of defeating and breaking up an army; as, the rout of the enemy was complete.

 thy army... Dispersed in rout, betook them all to fly.

Daniel.
 To these giad conquest, murderous rout to those.

pope.
4. (Law) A disturbance of the peace by persons assembled together with intent to do a thing which, if executed, would make them rioters, and actually making a motion toward the executing thereof. Wharton.
5. A fashionable assembly, or large evening party. "At routs and dances." Landor.
To put to rout, to defeat and throw into confusion; to overthrow and put to flight.

 Rout, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Routed; p. pr. & vb. n.
 Routing.] To break the ranks of, as troops, and put them to flight in disorder; to put to rout.

 That party... that charged the Scots, so totally routed and defeated their whole army, that they


direct.] Indirect.

 Un'di*rect"ed, a. [In senses 1 and 2, pref. unnot + directed; in sense 3 properly p. p. of undirect.] 1. Not directed; not guided; left without direction.

2. Not addressed; not superscribed, as a letter.

3. Misdirected; misled; led astray. [R.]

 Un'di*rect"ly (?), adv. Indirectly. Strype.
 Un'dis*cern"ing (?), n. Want of discernment. [R.] Spectator.
 Un'dis*close" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + disclose.]
 To keep close or secret. [Obs.] Daniel.
 Un'dis*creet" (?), a. Indiscreet. Chaucer.
 — Un'dis*creet"ly, adv. — — Un'dis*creet"ness.

 — Un'dis*cre"tion (#), n. Indiscretion.

 Un'dis*pen"sa*ble (?), a. 1. Indispensable.

2. Unavoidable; inevitable. [Obs.] Fuller.
3. Not to be freed by dispensation. [Obs.]

 Un'dis*pensed" (?), a. 1. Not dispensed.

2. Not freed by dispensation. [R.] Tooker.
 Un'dis*pos"ed*ness (?), n. Indisposition; disinclination.

 Un*dis"pu*ta*ble (?), a. Indisputable. Addison. — Un*dis"pu*ta*ble*ness, n. Un'dis*tinc"tive (?), a. Making no distinctions; not discriminating; impartial.

 As undistinctive Death will come here one day.

Dickens.
 Un'dis*tinct"ly (?), adv. Indistinctly.

 Un'di*vid"ed (?), a. 1. Not divided; not separated or disunited; unbroken; whole; continuous; as, plains undivided by rivers or mountains.

2. Not set off, as a share in a firm; not made actually separate by division; as, a partner, owning one half in a firm, is said to own an undivided half so long as the business continues and his share is not set off to him.

3. Not directed or given to more than one object; as, undivided attention or affection. Shak.
4. (Bot.) Not lobed, cleft, or branched; entire.

 Un'di*vid"u*al (?), a. Indivisible. [Obs.]

 True courage and courtesy are undividual companions.

Fuller.
 Un'di*vis"i*ble (?), a. Indivisible.

 Un*do" (?), v. t. [AS. und&?;n. See 1st Un-, and Do to perform.] 1. To reverse, as what has been done; to annul; to bring to naught.

 What's done can not be undone.

Shak.
 To-morrow, ere the setting sun, She 'd all undo that she had done.

Swift.
2. To loose; to open; to take to piece; to unfasten; to untie; hence, to unravel; to solve; as, to undo a knot; to undo a puzzling question; to undo a riddle. Tennyson.
 Pray you, undo this button.

Shak.
 She took the spindle, and undoing the thread gradually, measured it.

Sir W. Scott.
3. To bring to poverty; to impoverish; to ruin, as in reputation, morals, hopes, or the like; as, many are undone by unavoidable losses, but more undo themselves by vices and dissipation, or by indolence.

 That quaffing and drinking will undo you, Shak.
 Un*dock" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + dock.] (Naut.)
 To take out of dock; as, to undock a ship.

 Un*do"er (?), n. One who undoes anything; especially, one who ruins another.

 Un*do"ing, n. 1. The reversal of what has been done.

2. Ruin. "The utter undoing of some." Hooker.
 Un'do*mes"ti*cate (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + domesticate.]
 To make wild or roving.

 Un*done" (?), p. p. of Undo.

 Un*done", a. [Pref. unnot + done.] Not done or performed; neglected.

 Un*dou"ble (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + double.] To unfold, or render single.

 Un*doubt"a*ble (?), a. Indubitable.

 Un*doubt"ed, a. Not doubted; not called in question; indubitable; indisputable; as, undoubted proof; undoubted hero. — Un*doubt"ed*ly, adv.
 Un*drape" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + drape.] To strip of drapery; to uncover or unveil.

 Un*draw" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + draw.] To draw aside or open; to draw back.

 Angels undrew the curtain of the throne.

Young.
 { Un*dreamed" (?), Un*dreamt" (?), } a. Not dreamed, or dreamed of; not th&?;ught of; not imagined; — often followed by of.

 Unpathed waters, undreamed shores.

Shak.
 Un*dress" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + dress.]

1. To divest of clothes; to strip.

2. To divest of ornaments to disrobe.

3. (Med.) To take the dressing, or covering, from; as, to undress a wound.

 Un"dress (?), n. 1. A loose, negligent dress; ordinary dress, as distinguished from full dress.

2. (Mil. & Naval) An authorized habitual dress of officers and soldiers, but not full-dress uniform.

Undress parade (Mil.), a substitute for dress parade, allowed in bad weather, the companies forming without arms, and the ceremony being shortened.

 Un*du"bi*ta*ble (?), a. Indubitable; as, an undubitable principle. [Obs.] Locke.
 Un*due" (?), a. 1. Not due; not yet owing; as, an undue debt, note, or bond.

2. Not right; not lawful or legal; improper; as, an undue proceeding. Bacon.
3. Not agreeable to a rule or standard, or to duty; disproportioned; excessive; immoderate; inordinate; as, an undue attachment to forms; an undue rigor in the execution of law.

Undue influence (Law), any improper or wrongful constraint, machination, or urgency of persuasion, by which one's will is overcome and he is induced to do or forbear an act which he would not do, or would do, if left to act freely. Abbott.
 Un*due"ness, n. The quality of being undue.

 Un*duke" (?), v. t. [1st pref. un- + duke.] To deprive of dukedom. Swift.
 Un"du*lant (?), a. Undulating. [R.]

 Un"du*la*ry (?), a. [See Undulate.] Moving like waves; undulatory.
 [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
 Un"du*late (?), a. [L. undulatus undulated, wavy, a dim.
 from unda a wave; cf. AS. &?;&?;, Icel. unnr; perhaps akin to E. water. Cf. Abound, Inundate


THE MIDDLE CLASS GENTLEMAN (Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme) By MOLIÈRE (Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, _PHONE_) Translated by Philip Dwight Jones Comedy-Ballet presented at Chambord, for the entertainment of the King, in the month of October 1670, and to the public in Paris for the first time at the Palais-Royal Theater 23 November 1670 ACT ONE ACT TWO ACT THREE ACT FOUR ACT FIVE The Cast Monsieur Jourdain, bourgeois. Madame Jourdain, his wife. Lucile, their daughter. Nicole, maid.
 Cléonte, suitor of Lucile. Covielle, Cléonte's valet. Dorante, Count, suitor of Dorimène.
 Dorimène, Marchioness. Music Master.
 Pupil of the Music Master. Dancing Master. Fencing Master. Master of Philosophy. Tailor. Tailor's apprentice. Two lackeys. Many male and female musicians, instrumentalists, dancers, cooks, tailor's apprentices, and others necessary for the interludes.

The scene is Monsieur Jourdain's house in Paris.

 ACT ONE SCENE I (Music Master, Dancing Master, Musicians, and Dancers) (The play opens with a great assembly of instruments, and in the middle of the stage is a pupil of the Music Master seated at a table composing a melody which Monsieur Jourdain has ordered for a serenade.)
 MUSIC MASTER: (To Musicians) Come, come into this room, sit there and wait until he comes.

 DANCING MASTER: (To dancers) And you too, on this side.

 MUSIC MASTER: (To Pupil) Is it done?

 PUPIL: Yes.

 MUSIC MASTER: Let's see... This is good.

 DANCING MASTER: Is it something new?

 MUSIC MASTER: Yes, it's a melody for a serenade that I set him to composing here, while waiting for our man to awake.

 DANCING MASTER: May I see it?

 MUSIC MASTER: You'll hear it, with the dialogue, when he comes. He won't be long.

 DANCING MASTER: Our work, yours and mine, is not trivial at present.

 MUSIC MASTER: This is true. We've found here such a man as we both need.
 This is a nice source of income for us -- this Monsieur Jourdain, with the visions of nobility and gallantry that he has gotten into his head.
 You and I should hope that everyone resembled him.

 DANCING MASTER: Not entirely; I could wish that he understood better the things that we give him.

 MUSIC MASTER: It's true that he understands them poorly, but he pays well, and that's what our art needs now more than anything else.

 DANCING MASTER: As for me, I admit, I feed a little on glory. Applause touches me; and I hold that, in all the fine arts, it is painful to produce for dolts, to endure the barbarous opinions of a fool about my choreography. It is a pleasure, don't tell me otherwise, to work for people who can appreciate the fine points of an art, who know how to give a sweet reception to the beauties of a work and, by pleasurable approbations, gratify us for our labor. Yes, the most agreeable recompense we can receive for the things we do is to see them recognized and flattered by an applause that honors us. There is nothing, in my opinion, that pays us better for all our fatigue; and it is an exquisite delight to receive the praises of the well-informed.

 MUSIC MASTER: I agree, and I enjoy them as you do. There is surely nothing more agreeable than the applause you speak of; but that incense does not provide a living. Pure praises do not provide a comfortable existence; it is necessary to add something solid, and the best way to praise is to praise with cash-in-hand. He's a man, it's true, whose insight is very slight, who talks nonsense about everything and applauds only for the wrong reasons but his money makes up for his judgments. He has discernment in his purse. His praises are in cash, and this ignorant bourgeois is worth more to us, as you see, than the educated nobleman who introduced us here.

 DANCING MASTER: There is some truth in what you say; but I find that you lean a little too heavily on money; and material interest is something so base that a man of good taste should never show an attachment to it.

 MUSIC MASTER: You are ready enough to receive the money our man gives you.

 DANCING MASTER: Assuredly; but I don't place all my happiness in it, and I could wish that together with his fortune he had some good taste in things.

 MUSIC MASTER: I could wish it too, that's what both of us are working for as much as we can. But, in any case, he gives us the means to make ourselves known in the world; and he will pay others if they will praise him.

 DANCING MASTER: Here he comes.

 SCENE II (Monsieur Jourdain, Two Lackeys, Music Master, Dancing Master, Pupil, Musicians, and Dancers) MONSIEUR JOURDAIN: Well gentlemen? What's this? Are you going to show me your little skit?

 DANCING MASTER: How? What little skit?

 MONSIEUR JOURDAIN: Well, the... What-do-you-call it? Your prologue or dialogue of songs and dances.

 DANCING MASTER: Ha, ha!

 MUSIC MASTER: You find us ready for you.

 MONSIEUR JOURDAIN: I kept you waiting a little, but it's because I'm having myself dressed today like the people of quality, and my tailor sent me some silk stockings that I thought I would never get on.

 MUSIC MASTER: We are here only to wait upon your leisure.

 MONSIEUR JOURDAIN: I want you both to stay until they have brought me my suit, so that you may see me.

 DANCING MASTER: Whatever you would like.

 MONSIEUR JOURDAIN: You will see me fitted out properly, from head to foot.

 MUSIC MASTER: We have no doubt of it.

 MONSIEUR JOURDAIN: I had this robe made for me.

 DANCING MASTER: It's very attractive.

 MONSIEUR JOURDAIN: My tailor told me the people of quality dress like this in the mornings.

 MUSIC MASTER: It's marvelously becoming.

 MONSIEUR JOURDAIN: Hey lackeys! My two lackeys!

 FIRST LACKEY; What do you wish, Sir?

 MONSIEUR JOURDAIN: Nothing. I just wanted to see if you were paying attention. (To the two masters) What say you of my liveries?

 DANCING MASTER: They're magnificent.

 MONSIEUR JOURDAIN: (Half opening his gown, showing a pair of tight red velvet breeches, and a green velvet vest, that he is wearing) Here again is a sort of lounging dress to perform my morning exercises in.

 MUSIC MASTER: It is elegant.

 MONSIEUR JOURDAIN: Lackey!

 FIRST LACKEY: Sir?

 MONSIEUR JOURDAIN: The other lackey!

 SECOND


[Illustration] The Ward of King Canute A Romance of the Danish Conquest by Ottilie A. Liljencrantz Contents Acknowledgment Foreword CHAPTER I. The Fall of the House of Frode CHAPTER II. Randalin, Frode's Daughter CHAPTER III. Where War-dogs Kennel CHAPTER IV. When Royal Blood Is Young Blood CHAPTER V. Before The King CHAPTER VI. The Training of Fridtjof The Page CHAPTER VII. The Game of Swords CHAPTER VIII. Taken Captive CHAPTER IX. The Young Lord of Ivarsdale CHAPTER X. As The Norns Decree CHAPTER XI. When My Lord Comes Home From War CHAPTER XII. The Foreign Page CHAPTER XIII. When Might Made Right CHAPTER XIV. How The Fates Cheated Randalin CHAPTER XV. How Fridtjof Cheated The Jotun CHAPTER XVI. The Sword of Speech CHAPTER XVII. The Judgment of The Iron Voice CHAPTER XVIII. What The Red Cloak Hid CHAPTER XIX. The Gift of The Elves CHAPTER XX. A Royal Reckoning CHAPTER XXI. With The Jotun as Chamberlain CHAPTER XXII. How The Lord of Ivarsdale Paid His Debt CHAPTER XXIII. A Blood-stained Crown CHAPTER XXIV. On The Road to London CHAPTER XXV. The King's Wife CHAPTER XXVI. In The Judgment Hall CHAPTER XXVII. Pixie-led CHAPTER XXVIII. When Love Meets Love CHAPTER XXIX. The Ring of The Coiled Snake CHAPTER XXX. When The King Takes a Queen CHAPTER XXXI. The Twilight of The Gods CHAPTER XXXII. In Time's Morning Acknowledgment For the facts of this romance I have made free use of the following authorities: The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle; The Venerable Bede's Ecclesiastical History of England; Ingulph's History of the Abbey of Croyland; William of Malmesbury's Chronicle of the Kings of England; The Chronicles of Florence of Worcester; Lingard's History and Antiquities of the Anglo-Saxon Church, and Lingard's History of England; Dean Spencer's The White Robe of Churches; Collier's Ecclesiastical History of Great Britain; Montalembert's Monks of the West; Thrupp's Anglo-Saxon Home; Hall's Queens Before the Conquest; Kemble's Saxons in England; Ridgway's Gem of Thorney Island; Brayley and Britton's History of the Ancient Palace and Late Houses of Parliament; Loftie's Westminster Abbey and Loftie's History of London; Allen's History and Antiquities of London; Lappenberg's History of England Under the Anglo-Saxon Kings; Sharon Turner's History of the Anglo-Saxons; Knight's Old England; Hume's History of England; Green's Conquest of England; Thierry's History of the Conquest of England by the Normans; Freeman's History of the Norman Conquest.
For the translations of Hávamál, etc., used at the beginnings of the chapters, I am indebted to Professor Rasmus B. Anderson and Mr. Paul du Chaillu.
O. A. L. Chicago, April 1, 1903.
Foreword There is an old myth of a hero who renewed his strength each time he touched the earth, and finally was overcome by being raised in the air and crushed.
Whether or not the Angles risked a like fate as they raised themselves away from the primitive virtues that had been their life and strength, no one can tell; but it has been well said that when Northern blood mingled with English blood at the time of the Danish Conquest, the Anglo-Saxon race touched the earth again.
CHAPTER I. The Fall of the House of Frode Full stocked folds I saw at the sons of Fitjung, Now they carry beggars' staffs; Wealth is Like the twinkling of an eye, The most unstable of friends.
 Hávamál.
As the blackness of the midsummer night paled, the broken towers and wrecked walls of the monastery loomed up dim and stark in the gray light. The long-drawn sigh of a waking world crept through the air and rustled the ivy leaves. The pitying angel of dreams, who had striven all night long to restore the plundered shrine and raise from their graves the band of martyred nuns, ceased from his ministrations, softly as a bubble frees itself from the pipe that shaped it, and floated away on the breath of the wind. Through a breach in the moss-grown wall, the first sunbeam stole in and pointed a bright finger across the cloister garth at the charred spot in the centre, where missals and parchment rolls had made a roaring fire to warm the invaders' blood-stained hands.
As the lark rose through the brightening air to greet the coming day, a woman in the tunic and cowl of a nun opened what was left of the wicket-gate in the one unbattered wall. A trace of the luxury that had dwelt under the gilded spires survived in her robes, which had been of a royal purple and embroidered with silken flowers; but the voice of Time and of Ruin spoke from them also, for the purple was faded to a rusty brown, and the silken embroideries were threadbare. She struck a note in perfect harmony with her surroundings, as she stood under the crumbling arch, peering out into the flowering lane.
Stretching away from her feet in dewy freshness, it made a green link between the herb-garden of St. Mildred's and the highway of the Watling Street.
Like the straggling hedges that were half buried under a net of wild roses, red and white, the path was half effaced by grass; but beyond, her eye could follow the straight line of the great Roman road over marsh and meadow and hill-top.
If grass had gathered there also, during the Anglo-Saxon times, there were no traces of it now, in the days of Edmund Ironside when Canute of Denmark was leading his war-host back and forth over its stones. Between the dark walls of oak and beech, it gleamed as white as the Milky Way. The nun was able to trace its course up the slope of the last hill. Just beyond the crest, a pall of smoke was spread over a burning village. Though it was miles away, it seemed to her that the wind brought cries of anguish to her ear, and prayers for mercy.
Shivering, she turned her face back to the desolate peace of the ruins.
"Now is it clear to all men why a bloody cloud was hung over the land in the year that Ethelred came to the throne," she said. "I feel as the blessed dead might feel should they be forced to leave the shelter of their graves and look out upon the world." Rising from its knees beside a bed of herbs, a second figure in faded robes approached the gate. Sister Sexberga was very old, much older than her companion, and her face was a wrinkled parchment whereon Time had written some terrible lessons.
She said gently, "We are one with the dead, beloved sister. Those who lie under the chancel lay no safer than we, last night, though the Pagans' passing tread shook the ground we lay on, and their songs broke our slumbers.
Let us cease not to give thanks to Him who has spread over us the peace of the grave." The shadows deepened in the eyes of Sister Wynfreda as she turned them back toward the lane, for her patience was not yet ripe to perfect mellowness. She was but little past the prime of her rich womanhood, and still bore the traces of a great beauty. She bore in addition, upon cheek and forehead, the scars of three frightful burns.
"The peace of the grave can never be mine while my heart is open to the sorrows of others," she answered with sadness. "Sister Sexberga, that was an English band which passed last night. I made out English words in their song. I am in utmost fear for the Danes of Avalcomb


Not all together; better far, I guess, That we do make our entrance several ways.

Shak.
 But in known images of life I guess The labor greater.

Pope.
Syn. -- To conjecture; suppose; surmise; suspect; divine; think; imagine; fancy. -- To Guess, Think, Reckon. Guess denotes, to attempt to hit upon at random; as, to guess at a thing when blindfolded; to conjecture or form an opinion on hidden or very slight grounds: as, to guess a riddle; to guess out the meaning of an obscure passage. The use of the word guess for think or believe, although abundantly sanctioned by good English authors, is now regarded as antiquated and objectionable by discriminating writers. It may properly be branded as a colloguialism and vulgarism when used respecting a purpose or a thing about which there is no uncertainty; as, I guess I 'll go to bed.

 Guess, v. i. To make a guess or random judgment; to conjecture; -- with at, about, etc.

 This is the place, as well as I may guess.

Milton.
 Guess, n. An opinion as to anything, formed without sufficient or decisive evidence or grounds; an attempt to hit upon the truth by a random judgment; a conjecture; a surmise.

 A poet must confess His art's like physic -- but a happy guess.

Dryden.
 Guess"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being guessed.

 Guess"er (?), n. One who guesses; one who forms or gives an opinion without means of knowing.

 Guess"ing*ly, adv. By way of conjecture. Shak.
 Guess"ive (?), a. Conjectural. [Obs.] Feltham.
 Guess" rope" (?). (Naut.) A guess warp.

 Guess" warp" (?). (Naut.) A rope or hawser by which a vessel is towed or warped along; -- so called because it is necessary to guess at the length to be carried in the boat making the attachment to a distant object.

 Guess"work' (?), n. Work performed, or results obtained, by guess; conjecture.

 Guest (gst), n. [OE. gest, AS. gæst, gest; akin to OS., D., & G. gast, Icel. gestr, Sw. gäst, Dan. Gjäst, Goth. gasts, Russ. goste, and to L. hostis enemy, stranger; the meaning stranger is the older one, but the root is unknown. Cf. Host an army, Hostile.] 1. A visitor; a person received and entertained in one's house or at one's table; a visitor entertained without pay.

 To cheer his guests, whom he had stayed that night.

Spenser.
 True friendship's laws are by this rule exprest. Welcome the coming, speed the parting guest.

Pope.
 Guest (?), v. t. To receive or entertain hospitably. [Obs.] Sylvester.
 Guest, v. i. To be, or act the part of, a guest. [Obs.]

 And tell me, best of princes, who he was That guested here so late.

Chapman.
 Guest" rope" (?). (Naut.) The line by which a boat makes fast to the swinging boom. Ham. Nav. Encyc.
 Guest"wise" (?), adv. In the manner of a guest.

 Gue"vi (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of several very small species and varieties of African antelopes, of the genus Cephalophus, as the Cape guevi or kleeneboc (Cephalophus pygmæa); -- called also pygmy antelope. [1913 Webster] Guf*faw" (&?;), n. A loud burst of laughter; a horse laugh. "A hearty low guffaw." Carlyle.
 Guf"fer (?), n. (Zoöl.) The eelpout; guffer eel.

 Gug"gle (?), v. i. See Gurgle.

 Guhr (?), n. [G.] A loose, earthy deposit from water, found in the cavities or clefts of rocks, mostly white, but sometimes red or yellow, from a mixture of clay or ocher. P. Cleaveland.
 Gui"ac (?), n. Same as Guaiac.

 Gui"a*col (?), n. [Guiac + - ol.] (Chem.) A colorless liquid, C6H4.OCH3.OH, resembling the phenols, found as a constituent of woodtar creosote, and produced by the dry distillation of guaiac resin.

 Gui"a*cum (?), n. Same as Guaiacum.

 Guib (?), n. (Zoöl.) A West African antelope (Tragelaphus scriptus), curiously marked with white stripes and spots on a reddish fawn ground, and hence called harnessed antelope; -- called also guiba.
 ||Gui"co*war (?), n. [Mahratta gekwr, prop., a cowherd.] The title of the sovereign of Guzerat, in Western India; -- generally called the Guicowar of Baroda, which is the capital of the country.

 Guid"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being guided; willing to be guided or counseled. Sprat.
 Guid"age (?), n. [See Guide.] 1. The reward given to a guide for services. [R.] Ainsworth.
2. Guidance; lead; direction. [R.] Southey.
 Guid"ance (?), n. [See Guide.] The act or result of guiding; the superintendence or assistance of a guide; direction; government; a leading.

 His studies were without guidance and without plan.

Macaulay.
 Guide (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guided; p. pr. & vb. n. Guiding.] [OE. guiden, gyden, F. guiaer, It. guidare; prob. of Teutonic origin; cf. Goth. ritan to watch over, give heed to, Icel. viti signal, AS. witan to know. The word prob. meant, to indicate, point to, and hence, to show the way. Cf.
 Wit, Guy a rope, Gye.]

1. To lead or direct in a way; to conduct in a course or path; to pilot; as, to guide a traveler.

 I wish... you 'ld guide me to your sovereign's court.

Shak.
2. To regulate and manage; to direct; to order; to superintend the training or education of; to instruct and influence intellectually or morally; to train.

 He will guide his affairs with discretion.

Ps. cxii. 5.
 The meek will he guide in judgment.

Ps. xxv. 9.
 Guide, n. [OE. giae, F. guide, It. guida. See Guide, v. t.] 1. A person who leads or directs another in his way or course, as in a strange land; one who exhibits points of interest to strangers; a conductor; also, that which guides; a guidebook.

2. One who, or that which, directs another in his conduct or course of life; a director; a regulator.

 He will be our guide, even unto death.

Ps. xlviii. 14.
3. Any contrivance, especially one having a directing edge, surface, or channel, for giving direction to the motion of anything, as water, an instrument, or part of a machine, or for directing the hand or eye, as of an operator; as: (a) (Water Wheels) A blade or channel for directing the flow of water to the wheel buckets. (b) (Surgery) A grooved director for a probe


amounts to an acquittal and remission of his punishment.

 Halifax was absolved by a majority of fourteen. Macaulay.
2. To free from a penalty; to pardon; to remit (a sin); -- said of the sin or guilt.

 In his name I absolve your perjury. Gibbon.
3. To finish; to accomplish. [Obs.]

 The work begun, how soon absolved. Milton.
4. To resolve or explain. [Obs.] "We shall not absolve the doubt." Sir T. Browne.
Syn. -- To Absolve, Exonerate, Acquit. We speak of a man as absolved from something that binds his conscience, or involves the charge of wrongdoing; as, to absolve from allegiance or from the obligation of an oath, or a promise. We speak of a person as exonerated, when he is released from some burden which had rested upon him; as, to exonerate from suspicion, to exonerate from blame or odium. It implies a purely moral acquittal. We speak of a person as acquitted, when a decision has been made in his favor with reference to a specific charge, either by a jury or by disinterested persons; as, he was acquitted of all participation in the crime.

 Ab*solv"ent (&?;), a. [L. absolvens, p. pr. of absolvere.]
 Absolving. [R.] Carlyle.
 Ab*solv"ent, n. An absolver. [R.] Hobbes.
 Ab*solv"er (&?;), n. One who absolves. Macaulay.
 Ab"so*nant (&?;), a. [L. ab + sonans, p. pr. of sonare to sound.] Discordant; contrary; -- opposed to consonant.
 "Absonant to nature." Quarles.
 Ab"so*nous (&?;), a. [L. absonus; ab + sonus sound.] Discordant; inharmonious; incongruous. [Obs.] "Absonous to our reason." Glanvill.
 Ab*sorb" (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Absorbed (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Absorbing.] [L. absorbere; ab + sorbere to suck in, akin to Gr. &?;: cf. F. absorber.]
 1. To swallow up; to engulf; to overwhelm; to cause to disappear as if by swallowing up; to use up; to include. "Dark oblivion soon absorbs them all." Cowper.
 The large cities absorb the wealth and fashion. W. Irving.
2. To suck up; to drink in; to imbibe; as a sponge or as the lacteals of the body. Bacon.
3. To engross or engage wholly; to occupy fully; as, absorbed in study or the pursuit of wealth.

4. To take up by cohesive, chemical, or any molecular action, as when charcoal absorbs gases. So heat, light, and electricity are absorbed or taken up in the substances into which they pass. Nichol. p. 8 Syn. -- To Absorb, Engross, Swallow up, Engulf. These words agree in one general idea, that of completely taking up. They are chiefly used in a figurative sense and may be distinguished by a reference to their etymology. We speak of a person as absorbed (lit., drawn in, swallowed up) in study or some other employment of the highest interest.
 We speak of a person as ebgrossed (lit., seized upon in the gross, or wholly) by something which occupies his whole time and thoughts, as the acquisition of wealth, or the attainment of honor. We speak of a person (under a stronger image) as swallowed up and lost in that which completely occupies his thoughts and feelings, as in grief at the death of a friend, or in the multiplied cares of life. We speak of a person as engulfed in that which (like a gulf) takes in all his hopes and interests; as, engulfed in misery, ruin, etc.

 That grave question which had begun to absorb the Christian mind -- the marriage of the clergy. Milman.
 Too long hath love engrossed Britannia's stage, And sunk to softness all our tragic rage. Tickell.
 Should not the sad occasion swallow up My other cares?
Addison.
 And in destruction's river Engulf and swallow those. Sir P. Sidney.
 Ab*sorb'a*bil"i*ty (&?;), n. The state or quality of being absorbable. Graham (Chemistry).
 Ab*sorb"a*ble, a. [Cf. F. absorbable.] Capable of being absorbed or swallowed up. Kerr.
 Ab*sorb"ed*ly, adv. In a manner as if wholly engrossed or engaged.

 Ab*sorb"en*cy (&?;), n. Absorptiveness.

 Ab*sorb"ent (&?;), a. [L. absorbens, p. pr. of absorbere.]
 Absorbing; swallowing; absorptive.

Absorbent ground (Paint.), a ground prepared for a picture, chiefly with distemper, or water colors, by which the oil is absorbed, and a brilliancy is imparted to the colors.

 Ab*sorb"ent, n. 1. Anything which absorbs.

 The ocean, itself a bad absorbent of heat. Darwin.
2. (Med.) Any substance which absorbs and neutralizes acid fluid in the stomach and bowels, as magnesia, chalk, etc.; also a substance e. g., iodine) which acts on the absorbent vessels so as to reduce enlarged and indurated parts.

3. pl. (Physiol.) The vessels by which the processes of absorption are carried on, as the lymphatics in animals, the extremities of the roots in plants.

 Ab*sorb"er (&?;), n. One who, or that which, absorbs.

 Ab*sorb"ing, a. Swallowing, engrossing; as, an absorbing pursuit. -- Ab*sorb"ing, adv.
 Ab'sor*bi"tion (&?;), n. Absorption. [Obs.]

 Ab*sorpt' (&?;), a. [L. absorptus, p. p.] Absorbed.
 [Arcahic.] "Absorpt in care." Pope.
 Ab*sorp"tion (&?;), n. [L. absorptio, fr. absorbere.
 See Absorb.] 1. The act or process of absorbing or sucking in anything, or of being absorbed and made to disappear; as, the absorption of bodies in a whirlpool, the absorption of a smaller tribe into a larger.

2. (Chem. & Physics) An imbibing or reception by molecular or chemical action; as, the absorption of light, heat, electricity, etc.

3. (Physiol.) In living organisms, the process by which the materials of growth and nutrition are absorbed and conveyed to the tissues and organs.

4. Entire engrossment or occupation of the mind; as, absorption in some employment.

 Ab*sorp"tive (&?;), a. Having power, capacity, or tendency to absorb or imbibe. E. Darwin.
 Ab*sorp"tive*ness, n. The quality of being absorptive; absorptive power.

 Ab'sorp*tiv"i*ty (&?;), n. Absorptiveness.

 Ab*squat"u*late (&?;), v. i. To take one's self off; to decamp.
 [A jocular word. U. S.]

 ||Abs"que hoc (&?;). [L., without this.] (Law) The technical words of denial used in traversing what has been alleged, and is repeated.

 Ab*stain" (&?;), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Abstained (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Abstaining.] [OE. absteynen, ab


thaginians in 238 B.C., and an aqueduct, the ruins of which can still be seen, was built by the conquerors on the foundations of an ancient nurhag, so that the latter must belong to an earlier (late than the third century before our era. Fergusson, who speaks with authority on everything relating to the monuments of the Stone age, assigns the nurhags to the mystic times of the Trojan War. In all probability they were built by an invading people. La Marmora thinks these invaders were the Libyans; M. de Rougemont, in his history of the Bronze age, says that the curved vault is the characteristic feature of Pelasgian architecture, which is often confounded with that of the Phœnicians. Although any final conclusion would be premature, we ourselves think that the builders of the nurhags belonged to the great stream of emigration from the East, the course of which is marked by megalithic monuments in so many parts of the world. In some instances, nurhags were surrounded by cromlechs, of which most of the stones have now been thrown down. Some of these stones bore prominences resembling the breasts of a woman.
The accumulations of earth and rubbish about the nurhags are, some of them, from six to ten feet high. In the lower deposits have been found coarse pottery, with no attempt at ornamentation, fragments of flint, and obsidian hatchets of black basalt, or porphyry of the Palæolithic type, arrow-head, flint knives, stones used in slings, and numerous shells; whilst in the upper deposits were picked up black pottery and fragments of bronze belonging to the transition period between the Stone and Metal ages.
All over the island of Sardinia, side by side with the nurhags, rise tombs to which have been given the name of Sepolture dei Giganti. They are from thirty-two to thirty-nine feet long by a nearly equal width, and are built, some of huge slabs of stone, some of stones of smaller size. They are in every case surmounted by a pediment, formed of a single block, and often covered with sculptures dating from different epochs. These sepulchres are certainly of later date than the nurhags, and in them have been found numerous implements of bronze, but none of stone.
Figure 54.
"Talayoti" at Trepuco (Minorca).
The talayoti, of which one hundred and fifty are still standing in the island of Minorca, are circular or elliptical truncated cones, built of huge unhewn stones, laid one on the other without cement (Fig. 54). The most remarkable of all of them, that at Torello, near Mahon, is thirty-three feet high. In many cases there are two stone, one placed upright, the other across it, in front of the talayoti. The meaning of these biliths is unknown.
Yet another series of cyclopean monuments are known under the name of nanetas, and are not unlike overturned boats. Seven such nanetas are still to be seen in the Balearic Isles. The one which is best preserved consists of large unhewn stones of rectangular shape, enclosing an inner chamber about six feet in width. The roof having fallen in, its height cannot be exactly determined; we only know that the lateral walls are some forty-five feet high.
In Algeria also have been preserved some towers built of stones without cement. Some of them are square (basina) and surmounted by a small dolmen, others are round (chouchet) and closed at the top by a large slab of stone, as in the nurhags we have just described.
It is difficult to bring this account to a close without mentioning the truddhi and the specchie of Otranto.25 A truddhi is a massive conical tower consisting of a heap of scarcely hewn stones piled up without cement and with an exterior facing.
Inside is a round room, the roof of which is formed by a series of circular courses of stone projecting one beyond the other.
Sometimes a second chamber rises above the first, which is reached by steps cut in the facing, which steps also lead to the platform on the top of the tower. Thousands of truddhi are to be seen in Italy; they date from every epoch, and the people of Lecce and Bari continue to erect them as did their fathers before them. Side by side with the truddhi rise the specchie, which are conical masses of stone, of greater height and probably of more ancient date than the towers. Lenormant thinks they were used to live in; but his opinion has been much questioned, and it is necessary to speak on this point with great reserve.
The castellieri of Istria, which the Slavonian peasants call starigrad, are as yet but little known. Doubtless an examination of them will bring out their resemblance to the nurhags and talayoti. They are, however, more than mere towers, forming regular enceintes between walls formed of two facings of dry stones, the space between which is filled in with smaller stones. There are fifteen of these castellieri in the district of Albona, a little town on the southeast of Trieste. They were at first attributed to the Roman epoch, but later researches relegate them rather to prehistoric times, and the discovery near them of numerous stone implements rather tends to support this latter opinion, but it must not be considered conclusive.
Perhaps we ought also to connect with the earliest ages of humanity the stations recently discovered in Spain by MM. Siret.26 These were evidently centres of population, surrounded by walls of a very primitive description. We shall have to refer again to these discoveries; we will only add now that in the black earth forming the soil were found worked flints, polished diorite hatchets, pierced shells, with various pieces of pottery, and mills for grinding corn. So far, however though many of the stations have been explored, no trace has been found of the use of metals.
A vast period of time, countless centuries, indeed, have passed away since the close of the Paleolithic epoch. The burghs, nurhags, and castellieri show the progress of civilization, and at the same time prove that this progress extended throughout Europe, and that at a time not so very far removed from our own. The close resemblance between buildings of different dates enables us to speak with certainty of the connection between the races which succeeded each other in Europe. The importance of these conclusions is very great, and will be brought out still more in our study of megalithic monuments.
1 "El hombre seguramente habitaba las corazas de los Glyptodon Pero no siempre las colocaba en la posicion que acabo de indicar."—"La Antiguedad del Hombre en el Plata," vol. ii., p. 532.
2 "On Some Recent Researches in Cone-Caves in Wales," Proc. Geol., Asso., vol. ix. "On the Flynnon, Benno, and Gwyu Caves," Geol. Mag., Dec., 1886.
3 Revue des Questions Scientifiques, April, 1887.
4 "Odyssey," book ix., v. 105–124.
5 Æschylus: "Prometheus Bound." 6 A. Maury: "La Vieille Civilisation Scandinave," Revue des Deux Mondes, September, 1880.
7 F. de Olivera: "As Raças dos Kjoekkenmoeddings de Mugem," Lisbon, 1881.
8 Report Peabody Museum, 1882.
9 Report Peabody Museum, 1882 and 1885.
10 Brinton: "Notes on the Floridian Peninsula," Philadelphia, 1849.
11 We take many of these details from Dr. Gross' excellent work on the "Pile Dwellings of Switzerland." 12 Virchow: "Drei Schädel aus der Schweiz." 13 Revue d'Anthropologie, 1887, p. 607.
14 G. Cotteau: Nature, 1877, first week, p. 161.
15 Rutimeyer: "Fauna der Pfahlbauten in der Schweiz." 16 Anzeiger für Schweizerische Alterthums Künde, April, 1884.
17 Comte Conestabile: "Sur les Anciennes Immigrations en Italie." Heilbig: "Beitrage zur Altitalischen Kultur and Kund Geschichte," i. Band. G. Boissier: Révue des Deux-Mondes, October, 1879.
18 Bul. di Palethnologia Ital., 1879. The terpens of Holland, though of much more modern date, greatly resemble the terremares.
19 "Ricerce di Archeologia Preistorica nella Valle della Vibrata." 20 Wylie, Arch. Brit., vol


next smaller; as, decimal notation; a decimal coinage.

Decimal arithmetic, the common arithmetic, in which numeration proceeds by tens. -- Decimal fraction, a fraction in which the denominator is some power of 10, as,, and is usually not expressed, but is signified by a point placed at the left hand of the numerator, as.2, .25. -- Decimal point, a dot or full stop at the left of a decimal fraction. The figures at the left of the point represent units or whole numbers, as 1.05.

 Dec"i*mal, n. A number expressed in the scale of tens; specifically, and almost exclusively, used as synonymous with a decimal fraction.

Circulating, or Circulatory, decimal, a decimal fraction in which the same figure, or set of figures, is constantly repeated; as, 0.354354354; - - called also recurring decimal, repeating decimal, and repetend.

 Dec"i*mal*ism (?), n. The system of a decimal currency, decimal weights, measures, etc.

 Dec"i*mal*ize (?), v. t. To reduce to a decimal system; as, to decimalize the currency. -- Dec'i*mal*i*za"tion (#), n. Dec"i*mal*ly, adv. By tens; by means of decimals.

 Dec"i*mate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Decimated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Decimating (?).] [L. decimatus, p. p. of decimare to decimate (in senses 1 & 2), fr. decimus tenth. See Decimal.]
 1. To take the tenth part of; to tithe. Johnson.
2. To select by lot and punish with death every tenth man of; as, to decimate a regiment as a punishment for mutiny. Macaulay.
3. To destroy a considerable part of; as, to decimate an army in battle; to decimate a people by disease.

 Dec'i*ma"tion (?), n. [L. decimatio: cf. F. décimation.]
 1. A tithing. [Obs.] State Trials (1630).
2. A selection of every tenth person by lot, as for punishment. Shak.
3. The destruction of any large proportion, as of people by pestilence or war. Milman.
 Dec"i*ma'tor (?), n. [Cf. LL. decimator.] One who decimates.
 South.
 ||Dé'cime" (?), n. [F.] A French coin, the tenth part of a franc, equal to about two cents.

 { Dec"i*me'ter, Dec"i*me'tre } (?), n. [F. décimètre; pref. décitenth (fr. L. decimus) + mètre.
 See Meter.] A measure of length in the metric system; one tenth of a meter, equal to 3.937 inches.

 Dec'i*mo*sex"to (?), n. [Prop., in sixteenth; fr. L. decimus tenth + sextus sixth.] A book consisting of sheets, each of which is folded into sixteen leaves; hence, indicating, more or less definitely, a size of book; - - usually written 16mo or 16°.

 Dec'i*mo*sex"to, a. Having sixteen leaves to a sheet; as, a decimosexto form, book, leaf, size.

 De"cine (?; 104), n. [From L. decem ten.] (Chem.) One of the higher hydrocarbons, C10H15, of the acetylene series; -- called also decenylene.

 De*ci"pher (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deciphered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deciphering.] [Pref. de- + cipher.
 Formed in imitation of F. déchiffrer. See Cipher.] 1.
 To translate from secret characters or ciphers into intelligible terms; as, to decipher a letter written in secret characters.

2. To find out, so as to be able to make known the meaning of; to make out or read, as words badly written or partly obliterated; to detect; to reveal; to unfold.

3. To stamp; to detect; to discover. [R.]

 You are both deciphered,... For villains.

Shak.
 De*ci"pher*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being deciphered; as, old writings not decipherable.

 De*ci"pher*er (?), n. One who deciphers.

 De*ci"pher*ess (?), n. A woman who deciphers.

 De*ci"pher*ment (?), n. The act of deciphering.

 De*cip"i*en*cy (?), n. [L. decipiens, p. pr. of decipere.
 See Deceive.] State of being deceived; hallucination. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
 De*cip"i*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. decipere to deceive.] (Chem.)
 A supposed rare element, said to be associated with cerium, yttrium, etc., in the mineral samarskite, and more recently called samarium.
 Symbol Dp. See Samarium.

 De*ci"sion (?), n. [L. decisio, fr. decdere, decisum: cf. F. décision. See Decide.] 1. Cutting off; division; detachment of a part. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.
2. The act of deciding; act of settling or terminating, as a controversy, by giving judgment on the matter at issue; determination, as of a question or doubt; settlement; conclusion.

 The decision of some dispute.

Atterbury.
3. An account or report of a conclusion, especially of a legal adjudication or judicial determination of a question or cause; as, a decision of arbitrators; a decision of the Supreme Court.

4. The quality of being decided; prompt and fixed determination; unwavering firmness; as, to manifest great decision.

Syn. -- Decision, Determination, Resolution. Each of these words has two meanings, one implying the act of deciding, determining, or resolving; and the other a habit of mind as to doing. It is in the last sense that the words are here compared. Decision is a cutting short. It implies that several courses of action have been presented to the mind, and that the choice is now finally made. It supposes, therefore, a union of promptitude and energy. Determination is the natural consequence of decision. It is the settling of a thing with a fixed purpose to adhere. Resolution is the necessary result in a mind which is characterized by firmness. It is a spirit which scatters (resolves) all doubt, and is ready to face danger or suffering in carrying out one's determinations. Martin Luther was equally distinguished for his prompt decision, his steadfast determination, and his inflexible resolution.

 De*ci*sive (?), a. [Cf. F. décisif. See Decision.] 1.
 Having the power or quality of deciding a question or controversy; putting an end to contest or controversy; final; conclusive. "A decisive, irrevocable doom." Bates. "Decisive campaign." Macaulay.
 "Decisive proof." Hallam.
2. Marked by promptness and decision.

 A noble instance of this attribute of the decisive character.

J. Foster.
Syn. -- Decided; positive; conclusive. See Decided.

 -- De*ci"sive*ly, adv. -- De*ci"sive*ness, n. De*ci"so*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. décisoire. See Decision.]
 Able to decide or determine; having a tendency to decide. [R.]

 Dec"i*stere (?), n. [F. décistère; pref. décitenth


dare.

 Yet they adventured to go back. Bunyan.
 Discriminations might be adventured. J. Taylor.
 Ad*ven"ture, v. i. To try the chance; to take the risk.

 I would adventure for such merchandise. Shak.
 Ad*ven"ture*ful (&?;), a. Given to adventure.

 Ad*ven"tur*er (&?;), n. [Cf. F. aventurier.]

1. One who adventures; as, the merchant adventurers; one who seeks his fortune in new and hazardous or perilous enterprises.

2. A social pretender on the lookout for advancement.

 Ad*ven"ture*some (&?;), a. Full of risk; adventurous; venturesome. -- Ad*ven"ture*some*ness, n. Ad*ven"tur*ess (&?;), n. A female adventurer; a woman who tries to gain position by equivocal means.

 Ad*ven"tur*ous (&?;), a. [OE. aventurous, aunterous, OF. aventuros, F. aventureux, fr. aventure. See Adventure, n.] 1. Inclined to adventure; willing to incur hazard; prone to embark in hazardous enterprise; rashly daring; -- applied to persons.

 Bold deed thou hast presumed, adventurous Eve. Milton.
2. Full of hazard; attended with risk; exposing to danger; requiring courage; rash; -- applied to acts; as, an adventurous undertaking, deed, song.

Syn. -- Rash; foolhardy; presumptuous; enterprising; daring; hazardous; venturesome. See Rash.

 Ad*ven"tur*ous*ly, adv. In an adventurous manner; venturesomely; boldly; daringly.

 Ad*ven"tur*ous*ness, n. The quality or state of being adventurous; daring; venturesomeness.

 Ad"verb (&?;), n. [L. adverbium; ad + verbum word, verb: cf. F. adverbe.] (Gram.) A word used to modify the sense of a verb, participle, adjective, or other adverb, and usually placed near it; as, he writes well; paper extremely white.

 Ad*ver"bi*al (&?;), a. [L. adverbialis: cf. F. adverbial.]
 Of or pertaining to an adverb; of the nature of an adverb; as, an adverbial phrase or form.

 Ad*ver'bi*al"i*ty (&?;), n. The quality of being adverbial. Earle.
 Ad*ver"bi*al*ize (&?;), v. t. To give the force or form of an adverb to.

 Ad*ver"bi*al*ly, adv. In the manner of an adverb.

 ||Ad'ver*sa"ri*a (&?;), n. pl. [L. adversaria (sc. scripta), neut. pl. of adversarius.] A miscellaneous collection of notes, remarks, or selections; a commonplace book; also, commentaries or notes.

 These parchments are supposed to have been St. Paul's adversaria.
Bp. Bull.
 Ad'ver*sa"ri*ous (&?;), a. Hostile. [R.] Southey.
 Ad'ver*sa*ry (&?;), n.; pl. Adversaries (&?;).
 [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr.
 OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.)
 turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.

 His ancient knot of dangerous adversaries. Shak.
 Agree with thine adversary quickly. Matt. v. 25.
 It may be thought that to vindicate the permanency of truth is to dispute without an adversary. Beattie.
The Adversary, The Satan, or the Devil.

Syn. -- Adversary, Enemy, Opponent, Antagonist. Enemy is the only one of these words which necessarily implies a state of personal hostility. Men may be adversaries, antagonists, or opponents to each other in certain respects, and yet have no feelings of general animosity. An adversary may be simply one who is placed for a time in a hostile position, as in a lawsuit, an argument, in chess playing, or at fence. An opponent is one who is ranged against another (perhaps passively) on the opposing side; as a political opponent, an opponent in debate. An antagonist is one who struggles against another with active effort, either in a literal fight or in verbal debate.

 Ad"ver*sa*ry (&?;), a. 1. Opposed; opposite; adverse; antagonistic. [Archaic] Bp. King.
2. (Law) Having an opposing party; not unopposed; as, an adversary suit.

 Ad*ver"sa*tive (&?;), a. [L. adversativus, fr. adversari.]
 Expressing contrariety, opposition, or antithesis; as, an adversative conjunction (but, however, yet, etc. ); an adversative force. -- Ad*ver"sa*tive*ly, adv.
 Ad*ver"sa*tive, n. An adversative word. Harris.
 Ad"verse (&?;), a. [OE. advers, OF. avers, advers, fr. L. adversus, p. p. advertere to turn to. See Advert.]

1. Acting against, or in a contrary direction; opposed; contrary; opposite; conflicting; as, adverse winds; an adverse party; a spirit adverse to distinctions of caste.

2. Opposite. "Calpe's adverse height." Byron.
3. In hostile opposition to; unfavorable; unpropitious; contrary to one's wishes; unfortunate; calamitous; afflictive; hurtful; as, adverse fates, adverse circumstances, things adverse.

 Happy were it for us all if we bore prosperity as well and wisely as we endure an adverse fortune. Southey.
Adverse possession (Law), a possession of real property avowedly contrary to some claim of title in another person. Abbott.
Syn. -- Averse; reluctant; unwilling. See Averse.

 Ad*verse" (&?;), v. t. [L. adversari: cf. OF. averser.]
 To oppose; to resist. [Obs.] Gower.
 Ad"verse*ly (277), adv. In an adverse manner; inimically; unfortunately; contrariwise.

 Ad"verse*ness, n. The quality or state of being adverse; opposition.

 { Ad*ver'si*fo"li*ate (&?;), Ad*ver'si*fo"li*ous (&?;) } a.
 [L. adversus opposite + folium leaf.] (Bot.) Having opposite leaves, as plants which have the leaves so arranged on the stem.

 Ad*ver"sion (&?;), n. [L. adversio] A turning towards; attention. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
 Ad*ver"si*ty (&?;), n.; pl. Adversities(&?;).
 [OE. adversite, F. adversité, fr. L. adversitas.]
 1. Opposition; contrariety. [Obs.] Wyclif.
Adversity is not without comforts and hopes. Bacon.
Syn. -- Affliction; distress; misery; disaster; trouble; suffering; trial.

 Ad*vert" (&?;), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Adverted; p. pr. & vb. n. Adverting.] [L. advertere, v. t., to turn to; ad + vertere to turn: cf. F. avertir. See Advertise.]
 To turn the mind or attention; to refer; to take heed or notice; -- with to; as, he


-tailed duck (Zoöl.), the old squaw. -- Swallow-tailed gull (Zoöl.), an Arctic gull (Xema furcata), which has a deeply forked tail. -- Swallow-tailed hawk or kite (Zoöl.), the forktailed kite. -- Swallow-tailed moth (Zoöl.), a European moth (Urapteryx sambucaria) having tail-like lobes on the hind wings.

 Swal"low*wort' (?), n. (Bot.) (a) See Celandine. (b) A poisonous plant (Vincetoxicum officinale) of the Milkweed family, at one time used in medicine; -- also called white swallowwort.

African swallowwort, a plant of the genus Stapelia.

 Swam (?), imp. of Swim.

 Swamp (?), n. [Cf. AS. swam a fungus, OD. swam a sponge, D. zwam a fungus, G. schwamm a sponge, Icel. svöppr, Dan. & Sw. swamp, Goth. swamms, Gr. somfo's porous, spongy.] Wet, spongy land; soft, low ground saturated with water, but not usually covered with it; marshy ground away from the seashore.

 Gray swamps and pools, waste places of the hern.

Tennyson.
 A swamp differs from a bog and a marsh in producing trees and shrubs, while the latter produce only herbage, plants, and mosses.

Farming Encyc. (E. Edwards, Words).
Swamp blackbird. (Zoöl.) See Redwing (b). -- Swamp cabbage (Bot.), skunk cabbage. -- Swamp deer (Zoöl.), an Asiatic deer (Rucervus Duvaucelli) of India. -- Swamp hen.
 (Zoöl.) (a) An Australian azure-breasted bird (Porphyrio bellus); -- called also goollema. (b) An Australian water crake, or rail (Porzana Tabuensis); -- called also little swamp hen. (c) The European purple gallinule. -- Swamp honeysuckle (Bot.), an American shrub (Azalea, or Rhododendron, viscosa) growing in swampy places, with fragrant flowers of a white color, or white tinged with rose; -- called also swamp pink.
 -- Swamp hook, a hook and chain used by lumbermen in handling logs.
 Cf. Cant hook. -- Swamp itch. (Med.) See Prairie itch, under Prairie. -- Swamp laurel (Bot.), a shrub (Kalmia glauca) having small leaves with the lower surface glaucous. -- Swamp maple (Bot.), red maple. See Maple. -- Swamp oak (Bot.), a name given to several kinds of oak which grow in swampy places, as swamp Spanish oak (Quercus palustris), swamp white oak (Q. bicolor), swamp post oak (Q. lyrata). -- Swamp ore (Min.), bog ore; limonite. -- Swamp partridge (Zoöl.), any one of several Australian game birds of the genera Synoicus and Excalfatoria, allied to the European partridges. -- Swamp robin (Zoöl.), the chewink. -- Swamp sassafras (Bot.), a small North American tree of the genus Magnolia (M. glauca) with aromatic leaves and fragrant creamy-white blossoms; -- called also sweet bay. -- Swamp sparrow (Zoöl.), a common North American sparrow (Melospiza Georgiana, or M. palustris), closely resembling the song sparrow. It lives in low, swampy places. -- Swamp willow. (Bot.) See Pussy willow, under Pussy.

 Swamp (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swamped (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Swamping.] 1. To plunge or sink into a swamp.

2. (Naut.) To cause (a boat) to become filled with water; to capsize or sink by whelming with water.

3. Fig.: To plunge into difficulties and perils; to overwhelm; to ruin; to wreck.

 The Whig majority of the house of Lords was swamped by the creation of twelve Tory peers.

J. R. Green.
 Having swamped himself in following the ignis fatuus of a theory.

Sir W. Hamilton.
 Swamp, v. i. 1. To sink or stick in a swamp; figuratively, to become involved in insuperable difficulties.

2. To become filled with water, as a boat; to founder; to capsize or sink; figuratively, to be ruined; to be wrecked.

 Swamp"y (?), a. Consisting of swamp; like a swamp; low, wet, and spongy; as, swampy land.

 Swan (?), n. [AS. swan; akin to D. zwaan, OHG. swan, G. schwan, Icel. svanr, Sw. svan, Dan. svane; and perhaps to E. sound something audible.] 1. (Zoöl.)
 Any one of numerous species of large aquatic birds belonging to Cygnus, Olor, and allied genera of the subfamily Cygninæ. They have a large and strong beak and a long neck, and are noted for their graceful movements when swimming. Most of the northern species are white.
 In literature the swan was fabled to sing a melodious song, especially at the time of its death.

 The European white, or mute, swan (Cygnus gibbus), which is most commonly domesticated, bends its neck in an S-shaped curve. The whistling, or trumpeting, swans of the genus Olor do not bend the neck in an S-shaped curve, and are noted for their loud and sonorous cry, due to complex convolutions of the windpipe. To this genus belong the European whooper, or whistling swan (Olor cygnus), the American whistling swan (O. Columbianus), and the trumpeter swan (O. buccinator).
 The Australian black swan (Chenopis atrata) is dull black with white on the wings, and has the bill carmine, crossed with a white band.
 It is a very graceful species and is often domesticated. The South American black-necked swan (Sthenelides melancorypha) is a very beautiful and graceful species, entirely white, except the head and neck, which are dark velvety seal-brown. Its bill has a double bright rose-colored knob.

2. Fig.: An appellation for a sweet singer, or a poet noted for grace and melody; as Shakespeare is called the swan of Avon.

3. (Astron.) The constellation Cygnus.

Swan goose (Zoöl.), a bird of India (Cygnopsis cygnoides) resembling both the swan and the goose. -- Swan shot, a large size of shot used in fowling.

 Swang (?), obs. imp. of Swing.

 Swang, n. [Cf. Swamp.] A swamp. [Prov. Eng.]

 Swan"herd' (?), n. One who tends or marks swans; as, the royal swanherd of England.

 Swan"-hop'ping (?), n. A corruption of Swan-upping. [Eng.] Encyc.
 Brit.
 Swan"i*mote (?), n. (Eng. Forest Law) See Swainmote.

 { Swank"ie, Swank"y } (?), n. [Cf. G. schwank flexible, pliant.] An active and clever young fellow. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
 Swan"like' (?), a. Resembling a swan.

 Swan"mark' (?), n. A mark of ownership cut on the bill or swan.
 [Eng.] Encyc. Brit.
 Swan"ner*y (?), n. A place where swans are bred. "The largest swannery in England." Encyc. Brit.
 Swan"ny (?), a. Swanlike; as, a swanny glossiness of the neck. Richardson.
 Swan"pan (?), n. [Cf. Schwanpan.] The Chinese abacus; a schwanpan.
 S. W. Williams.
 { Swan


.

[Illustration: ] THE DESERTED VILLAGE [Illustration: ] The Water-cress gatherer (John Bewick) [Illustration: ] THE DEPARTURE (Thomas Bewick) LYRICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS PIECES LYRICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS PIECES PART OF A PROLOGUE WRITTEN AND SPOKEN BY THE POET LABERIUS A ROMAN KNIGHT, WHOM CAESAR FORCED UPON THE STAGE PRESERVED BY MACROBIUS.
ON A BEAUTIFUL YOUTH STRUCK BLIND WITH LIGHTNING (Imitated from the Spanish.)
THE GIFT TO IRIS, IN BOW STREET, CONVENT GARDEN THE LOGICIANS REFUTED IN IMITATION OF DEAN SWIFT A SONNET STANZAS ON THE TAKING OF QUEBEC, AND DEATH OF GENERAL WOLFE AN ELEGY ON THAT GLORY OF HER SEX, MRS. MARY BLAIZE DESCRIPTION OF AN AUTHOR'S BEDCHAMBER ON SEEING MRS. ** PERFORM IN THE CHARACTER OF **** OF THE DEATH OF THE LEFT HON. *** AN EPIGRAM ADDRESSED TO THE GENTLEMEN REFLECTED ON IN THE ROSCIAD, A POEM, BY THE AUTHOR Worried with debts and past all hopes of bail, His pen he prostitutes t' avoid a gaol.

 ROSCOM.
TO G. C. AND R. L. TRANSLATION OF A SOUTH AMERICAN ODE THE DOUBLE TRANSFORMATION A TALE A NEW SIMILE IN THE MANNER OF SWIFT [Illustration: ] EDWIN AND ANGELINA (T. Stothard) EDWIN AND ANGELINA A BALLAD ELEGY ON THE DEATH OF A MAD DOG SONG FROM 'THE VICAR OF WAKEFIELD' EPILOGUE TO 'THE GOOD NATUR'D MAN' EPILOGUE TO 'THE SISTER' PROLOGUE TO 'ZOBEIDE' THRENODIA AUGUSTALIS: SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF HER LATE ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCESS DOWAGER OF WALES.
 OVERTURE—A SOLEMN DIRGE. AIR—TRIO.
 CHORUS.
 MAN SPEAKER.
 SONG. BY A MAN—AFFETTUOSO.
 WOMAN SPEAKER.
 SONG. BY A MAN.—BASSO.—STACCATO.—SPIRITOSO.
 MAN SPEAKER.
 SONG. BY A WOMAN.—AMOROSO.
 WOMAN SPEAKER.
 AIR. CHORUS.—POMPOSO.
PART II OVERTURE—PASTORALE MAN SPEAKER.
 CHORUS.—AFFETTUOSO.—LARGO.
 MAN SPEAKER.
 WOMAN SPEAKER.
 SONG. BY A WOMAN.
 MAN SPEAKER.
 SONG. BY A MAN.—BASSO. SPIRITOSO.
 WOMAN SPEAKER.
 SONG. BY A WOMAN.—PASTORALE.
 CHORUS.—ALTRO MODO.
SONG FROM 'SHE STOOPS TO CONQUER' EPILOGUE TO 'SHE STOOPS TO CONQUER' [Illustration: ] PORTRAIT OF GOLDSMITH AFTER REYNOLDS (Vignette to 'Retaliation') RETALIATION A POEM POSTSCRIPT After the Fourth Edition of this Poem was printed, the Publisher received an Epitaph on Mr. Whitefoord, from a friend of the late Doctor Goldsmith, inclosed in a letter, of which the following is an abstract:— 'I have in my possession a sheet of paper, containing near forty lines in the Doctor's own hand-writing: there are many scattered, broken verses, on Sir Jos. Reynolds, Counsellor Ridge, Mr. Beauclerk, and Mr. Whitefoord.
 The Epitaph on the last-mentioned gentleman is the only one that is finished, and therefore I have copied it, that you may add it to the next edition. It is a striking proof of Doctor Goldsmith's good-nature. I saw this sheet of paper in the Doctor's room, five or six days before he died; and, as I had got all the other Epitaphs, I asked him if I might take it.
 "In truth you may, my Boy," (replied he,) "for it will be of no use to me where I am going."' SONG INTENDED TO HAVE BEEN SUNG IN 'SHE STOOPS TO CONQUER' TRANSLATION THE HAUNCH OF VENISON A POETICAL EPISTLE TO LORD CLARE EPITAPH ON THOMAS PARNELL THE CLOWN'S REPLY EPITAPH ON EDWARD PURDON EPILOGUE FOR MR. LEE LEWES EPILOGUE INTENDED TO HAVE BEEN SPOKEN FOR 'SHE STOOPS TO CONQUER' Enter MRS. BULKLEY, who curtsies very low as beginning to speak. Then enter MISS CATLEY, who stands full before her, and curtsies to the audience.
 MRS. BULKLEY.

 MISS CATLEY.

 MRS. BULKLEY.

 MISS CATLEY.

 MRS. BULKLEY.

 MISS CATLEY.

Recitative.
 MRS. BULKLEY.

 MISS CATLEY.

 MRS. BULKLEY.

 MISS CATLEY.

 MRS. BULKLEY.

 MISS CATLEY.

Recitative.
Air—Cotillon.
 MRS. BULKLEY.

 MISS CATLEY.

Air—A bonny young lad is my Jockey.
 MRS. BULKLEY.

 MISS CATLEY. Air—Ballinamony.
 MRS. BULKLEY.

 MISS CATLEY.

 MRS. BULKLEY.

 MISS CATLEY.

 MRS. BULKLEY.

EPILOGUE INTENDED TO HAVE BEEN SPOKEN FOR 'SHE STOOPS TO CONQUER' THE CAPTIVITY AN ORATORIO THE PERSONS.
 FIRST ISRAELITISH PROPHET.
 SECOND ISRAELITISH PROPHET.
 ISRAELITISH WOMAN. FIRST CHALDEAN PRIEST. SECOND CHALDEAN PRIEST. CHALDEAN WOMAN. CHORUS OF YOUTHS AND VIRGINS.

 SCENE—The Banks of the River Euphrates, near Babylon.
THE CAPTIVITY ACT I—SCENE I. Israelites sitting on the Banks of the Euphrates.
 FIRST PROPHET. RECITATIVE.
 FIRST PROPHET. AIR.
 SECOND PROPHET.
 SECOND PROPHET. RECITATIVE.
 AIR.
 FIRST PROPHET. RECITATIVE.
 AIR.
 SECOND PROPHET. RECITATIVE.
Enter CHALDEAN PRIESTS attended.
 FIRST PRIEST. AIR.
 SECOND PRIEST.
 A CHALDEAN WOMAN. AIR.
 A CHALDEAN ATTENDANT.
 FIRST PRIEST.
 SECOND PRIEST.
 RECITATIVE.
 SECOND PROPHET.
 FIRST PRIEST.

 FIRST PROPHET.

 CHORUS.

 ACT II. Scene as before. CHORUS OF ISRAELITES.
 FIRST PRIEST. REC


A SIREN By Thomas Adolphus Trollope CONTENTS BOOK I Ash Wednesday Morning CHAPTER IThe Last Night of Carnival IIApollo Vindex IIISt. Apollinare in Classe IVFather Fabiano V"The Hours passed, and still she came not" VIGigia's Opinion VIIAn Attorney-at-Law in the Papal States VIIILost in the Forest IX"Passa la bella Donna e par che dorma" BOOK II Four Months Before That Ash Wednesday Morning CHAPTER IHow the Good News came to Ravenna IIThe Marchese Lamberto di Castelmare IIIThe Impresario's Report IVPaolina Foscarelli VRivalry VIThe Beginning of Trouble VIIThe Teaching of a Great Love VIIIA Change in the Situation IXUncle and Nephew XThe Coutessa Violante XIThe Cardinal's Reception, and the Marchese's Ball XIIThe Arrival of the "Diva" BOOK III "Sirenum Pocula" CHAPTER I"Diva Potens" IIAn Adopted Father and an Adopted Daughter III"Armed at All Points" IVThrowing the Line VAfter-thoughts VIAt the Circolo VIIExtremes Meet VIIIThe Diva shows her Cards IXOne Struggle more BOOK IV The Last Days of the Carnival CHAPTER IIn the Cardinal's Chapel IIThe Corso III"La Sonnambula" IVThe Marchese Lamberto's Correspondence VBianca at Home VIPaolina at Home VIITwo Interviews VIIIA Carnival Reception IXPaolina's Return to the City BOOK V Who Did The Deed?
CHAPTER IAt the City Gate IISuspicion IIIGuilty or Not Guilty?
IVThe Marchese hears the Ill News VDoubts and Possibilities VIAt the Circolo again VIIA Prison Visit VIIISignor Giovacchino Fortini at Home IXThe Post-Mortem Examination XPublic Opinion XIIn Father Fabiano's Cell XIIThe Case against Paolina BOOK VI Poena Pede Claudo CHAPTER ISignor Fortini receives the Signora Steno in his Studio IIWas it Paolina after all?
IIICould it have been the Aged Friar?
IVWhat Ravenna thought of it V"Miserrimus" VIThe Trial VIIThe Friar's Testimony VIIIThe Truth!
IXConclusion BOOK I Ash Wednesday Morning CHAPTER I The Last Night of Carnival It was Carnival time in the ancient and once imperial, but now provincial and remote, city of Ravenna. It was Carnival time, and the very acme and high-tide of that season of mirth and revel. For the theory of Carnival observance is, that the life of it, unlike that of most other things and beings, is intensified with a constantly crescendo movement up to the last minutes of its existence. And there now remained but an hour before midnight on the Tuesday preceding the first day of Lent, Ash Wednesday—Dies Cinerum!—that sad and sober morrow which has brought with it "sermons and soda-water" to so many generations of revellers.
Of course Carnival, according to the Calendar and Time's hour-glass, is over at twelve o'clock on the night of Shrove Tuesday. Generally, however, in the pleasure-loving cities of Italy, a few hours' law are allowed or winked at. The revellers are not supposed to become aware that it is past midnight till about three or four in the morning.
Very generally the wind-up of the season of fun and frolic consists of what is called a "Veglione," or "great making a night of it," which means a masked ball at the theatre. And the great central chandelier does not begin to descend into the body of the house, to have its lights flapped out by the handkerchiefs of the revellers amid a last frantic rondo, till some four hours after midnight. But in provincial Ravenna, a Pope's city under the rule of a Cardinal Legate, there is—or was in the days when the Pope held sway there—no Veglione. Its place was supplied, as far as "the society" of the city was concerned, by a ball at the "Circolo dei Nobili."
It was not, therefore, till four o'clock in the morning, or perhaps even a little later, that the lights would be extinguished on the night in question at the "Circolo dei Nobili," and Carnival would, in truth, be over, and the tired holiday-makers would go home to their beds.
A few hours more remained, and the revelry was at its height, and the dancers danced as knowing that their minutes were numbered.
There had been a ball on the previous night at the Palazzo of the Marchese Lamberto di Castelmare. But the scene at the Circolo was a much more brilliant, animated, and varied one than that of the night before at the Castelmare palace. The Marchese Lamberto was the wealthiest noble in Ravenna, and—putting aside his friend the Cardinal Legate—was, in many other respects, the first and foremost man of the city. He was a bachelor of some fifty years old. And bachelors' houses and bachelors' balls have the reputation of enjoying the privilege of a somewhat freer and more unreserved gaiety and jollity than those of their neighbours more heavily weighted with the cares and responsibilities of life. But such was not the case at the Palazzo Castelmare. Presided over on such occasions as that of the great annual Carnival ball by a widowed sister-in-law of the Marchese, the Castelmare palace was the most decorous and respectable house, as its master was the most decorous and respectable man, in Ravenna.
Not that it was a dull house. The Marchese Lamberto, though a grave and dignified personage in the eyes of the "jeunesse doree" of Ravenna, was looked up to as one of the best loved, as well as most respected, men in the city. And there was not a member of the "society" who would not have been sadly hurt at not being invited to the great annual Carnival ball at the Castelmare palace. But the same degree of laissez aller jollity would not have been "de mise" there as was permissible at the Circolo.
The fun was not so fast and furious as it was wont to be at the club of the nobles on the last night of Carnival.
The whole society were at the latter gathering. All the nobles of Ravenna were the hosts, and everybody was there solely and entirely to amuse and enjoy themselves. Host and guests, indeed, were almost identical. There were but few persons present, and those strangers to the town, who did not belong to their own class.
To the Marchese, on the previous night, most of the company had contented themselves with going in "domino." At the Circolo ball a very large proportion of the dancers were in costume. The Conte Leandro Lombardoni,—lady-killer, Don Juan, and poet, whose fortunes and misfortunes in these characters had made him the butt of the entire society, and had perhaps contributed, together with his well-known extraordinarily pronounced propensity for cramming himself with pastry, to give him the pale, puffed, pasty face, swelling around a pair of pale fish-like eyes, that distinguished him,—the Conte Leandro Lombardoni; indeed, had gone to the Castelmare palace as "Apollo," in a costume which young Ludovico Castelmare, the Marchese Lamberto's nephew, would insist on mistaking for that of Aesop; and had now, according to a programme perfectly well known previously throughout the city, come to the Circolo as "Dante." The Tuscan "lucco," or long flowing gown, had at least the advantage of concealing from the public eye much that the Apollo costume had injudiciously exhibited.
Ludovico Castelmare had adopted the costume of a Venetian noble of the sixteenth century; and very strikingly handsome he looked in that most picturesque of all dresses. The Marchese Lamberto was at the ball, of course, but not in costume. Perhaps the most striking figure in the rooms, however, was one of those few persons who have been mentioned as present, but not belonging to Ravenna, or to the class of its nobles.
This was a lady, well known at that day throughout Italy as Bianca Lalli—"


money; a small sum, or a large sum. "The sum of forty pound." Chaucer.
 With a great sum obtained I this freedom.

Acts xxii. 28.
3. The principal points or thoughts when viewed together; the amount; the substance; compendium; as, this is the sum of all the evidence in the case; this is the sum and substance of his objections.

4. Height; completion; utmost degree.

 Thus have I told thee all my state, and brought My story to the sum of earthly bliss.

Milton.
5. (Arith.) A problem to be solved, or an example to be wrought out. Macaulay.
 A sum in arithmetic wherein a flaw discovered at a particular point is ipso facto fatal to the whole.

Gladstone.
 A large sheet of paper... covered with long sums.

Dickens.
Algebraic sum, as distinguished from arithmetical sum, the aggregate of two or more numbers or quantities taken with regard to their signs, as + or -, according to the rules of addition in algebra; thus, the algebraic sum of - 2, 8, and -1 is 5. -- In sum, in short; in brief. [Obs.] "In sum, the gospel... prescribes every virtue to our conduct, and forbids every sin." Rogers.
 Sum, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Summed (?); p. pr. & vb.
 n. Summing.] [Cf. F. sommer, LL. summare.] 1. To bring together into one whole; to collect into one amount; to cast up, as a column of figures; to ascertain the totality of; -- usually with up.

 The mind doth value every moment, and then the hour doth rather sum up the moments, than divide the day.

Bacon.
2. To bring or collect into a small compass; to comprise in a few words; to condense; -- usually with up.

 "Go to the ant, thou sluggard," in few words sums up the moral of this fable.

L'Estrange.
 He sums their virtues in himself alone.

Dryden.
3. (Falconry) To have (the feathers) full grown; to furnish with complete, or full-grown, plumage.

 But feathered soon and fledge They summed their pens [wings].

Milton.
Summing up, a compendium or abridgment; a recapitulation; a résumé; a summary.

Syn. -- To cast up; collect; comprise; condense; comprehend; compute.

 { Su"mac, Su"mach } (?), n. [F. sumac, formerly sumach (cf. Sp. zumaque), fr. Ar. summq.] [Written also shumac.]
 1. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Rhus, shrubs or small trees with usually compound leaves and clusters of small flowers.
 Some of the species are used in tanning, some in dyeing, and some in medicine. One, the Japanese Rhus vernicifera, yields the celebrated Japan varnish, or lacquer.

2. The powdered leaves, peduncles, and young branches of certain species of the sumac plant, used in tanning and dyeing.

Poison sumac. (Bot.) See under Poison.

 Su*ma"tran (?), a. Of or pertaining to Sumatra or its inhabitants.
 -- n. A native of Sumatra.

 Sum"bul (?), n. [Pers.] The musky root of an Asiatic umbelliferous plant, Ferula Sumbul. It is used in medicine as a stimulant.
 [Written also sumbal.] - - Sum*bul"ic, a. Sum"less (?), a. Not to be summed up or computed; so great that the amount can not be ascertained; incalculable; inestimable. "Sumless treasure." Pope.
 Sum"ma*ri*ly (?), adv. In a summary manner.

 Sum"ma*rist (?), n. One who summarized.

 Sum"ma*rize (?), v. t. To comprise in, or reduce to, a summary; to present briefly. Chambers.
 Sum"ma*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. sommaire. See Sum.] 1.
 Formed into a sum; summed up; reduced into a narrow compass, or into few words; short; brief; concise; compendious; as, a summary statement of facts.

2. Hence, rapidly performed; quickly executed; as, a summary process; to take summary vengeance.

Syn. -- Short; brief; concise; compendious; succinct.

 Sum"ma*ry, n.; pl. Summaries (#). [F. sommaire, or L. summarium. See Summary, a.] A general or comprehensive statement; an abridged account; an abstract, abridgment, or compendium, containing the sum or substance of a fuller account.

 Sum*ma"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. sommation. See Sum, v. t.]
 The act of summing, or forming a sum, or total amount; also, an aggregate.

 Of this series no summation is possible to a finite intellect.

De Quincey.
 Sum"mer (?), n. [From Sum, v.] One who sums; one who casts up an account.

 Sum"mer, n. [F. sommier a rafter, the same word as sommier a beast of burden. See Sumpter.] (Arch.) A large stone or beam placed horizontally on columns, piers, posts, or the like, serving for various uses. Specifically: (a) The lintel of a door or window. (b) The commencement of a cross vault. (c) A central floor timber, as a girder, or a piece reaching from a wall to a girder. Called also summertree.

 Sum"mer, n. [OE. sumer, somer, AS. sumor, sumer; akin to OFries. sumur, D. zomer, OS. sumar, G. sommer, OHG. & Icel. sumar, Dan. sommer, Sw. sommar, W. haf, Zend hama, Skr. sam year. √292.] The season of the year in which the sun shines most directly upon any region; the warmest period of the year.

 North of the equator summer is popularly taken to include the months of June, July, and August. Astronomically it may be considered, in the northern hemisphere, to begin with the summer solstice, about June 21st, and to end with the autumnal equinox, about September 22d.

Indian summer, in North America, a period of warm weather late in autumn, usually characterized by a clear sky, and by a hazy or smoky appearance of the atmosphere, especially near the horizon. The name is derived probably from the custom of the Indians of using this time in preparation for winter by laying in stores of food. -- Saint Martin's summer. See under Saint. -- Summer bird (Zoöl.), the wryneck. [Prov. Eng.] -- Summer colt, the undulating state of the air near the surface of the ground when heated. [Eng.] -- Summer complaint (Med.), a popular term for any diarrheal disorder occurring in summer, especially when produced by heat and indigestion. -- Summer coot (Zoöl.), the American gallinule. [Local, U.S.] -- Summer cypress (Bot.), an annual plant (Kochia Scoparia) of the Goosefoot family. It has narrow, ciliate, crowded leaves, and is sometimes seen in gardens. -- Summer duck. (Zoöl.)
(a) The wood duck. (b) The garganey, or summer teal. See Illust.
 of Wood duck, under Wood. -- Summer fallow, land uncropped and plowed, etc., during the summer, in order to pulverize the soil and kill the weeds. -- Summer rash (Med.), prickly heat. See under Prickly. -- Summer sheldrake (Zoöl.), the hooded merganser. [Local, U.S.] -- Summer snipe. (Zoöl.) (a) The dunlin. (b)


main dam, showing irrigation troughs beyond Photo by Martin Figure 57.
River irrigation scheme River irrigation scheme Figure 58.
Irrigating ditch which feeds the troughs secured to the mountain side shown at the left Irrigating ditch which feeds the troughs secured to the mountain side shown at the left Photo by Martin Figure 59.
Turning the soil in a water-filed sementera, showing women transplanting rice Turning the soil in a water-filed sementera, showing women transplanting rice Photo by Martin Figure 60.
Mud-spattered soil turners Mud-spattered soil turners Photo by Martin Figure 61.
Soil turners tramping the turned soil smooth and soft Soil turners tramping the turned soil smooth and soft Photo by Martin Figure 62.
Bontoc camote beds Bontoc camote beds Photo by Martin Figure 63.
Men crossing the river with pig manure to fertilize the rice sementeras Men crossing the river with pig manure to fertilize the rice sementeras Photo by Martin Figure 64.
Woman digging her final camote crop and working dead grass beneath the soil for fertilizer Woman digging her final camote crop and working dead grass beneath the soil for fertilizer Photo by Martin Figure 65.
The rice seed beds at transplanting time, with granaries immediately beyond The rice seed beds at transplanting time, with granaries immediately beyond Photo by Martin Figure 66.
Women transplanting rice Women transplanting rice Photo by Martin Figure 67.
The bird scarers, Ki′-lao, floating over a field of ripening rice The bird scarers, Ki′-lao, floating over a field of ripening rice Photo by Jenks Figure 68.
An outlook to guard against wild hogs An outlook to guard against wild hogs Photo by Martin Figure 69.
Harvesting the rice Harvesting the rice Photo by Jenks Figure 70.
Two harvesters Two harvesters Photo by Jenks Figure 71.
Camote harvest Camote harvest Photo by Martin Figure 72.
Rice granaries Rice granaries Photo by Martin Figure 73.
Bunches of palay curing on the roof of a dwelling Bunches of palay curing on the roof of a dwelling Photo by Jenks Figure 74.
Granaries Granaries Photo by Martin Figure 75.
Carrying home the camotes Carrying home the camotes Photo by Martin Figure 76.
Philippine carabaos Philippine carabaos Figure 77.
Bontoc pigpens Bontoc pigpens Photo by Martin Figure 78.
Cage in which fowls are shut at night Cage in which fowls are shut at night Photo by Martin Figure 79.
Hats and headband Hats and headband Photo by Martin Figure 80.
(a) The bag pocket carried in front; (b) The rain hat (a) The bag pocket carried in front; (b) The rain hat Photo by Worchester/Martin Figure 81.
Cotton blankets woven by Igorot in the western part of the Bontoc area Cotton blankets woven by Igorot in the western part of the Bontoc area Photo by Martin Figure 82.
Kambulo bark-fiber blankets Kambulo bark-fiber blankets Photo by Martin Figure 83.
Woman spinning thread on her naked thigh Woman spinning thread on her naked thigh Photo by Martin Figure 84.
Lepanto Igorot woman weaving Lepanto Igorot woman weaving Photo by Worcester Figure 85.
Wooden "pig pails" Wooden "pig pails" Photo by Martin Figure 86.
Gourd and wooden spoons Gourd and wooden spoons Photo by Martin Figure 87.
Samoki potters at the clay pit Samoki potters at the clay pit Photo by Jenks Figure 88.
Transporting clay from the pit to the pueblo Transporting clay from the pit to the pueblo Photo by Jenks Figure 89.
(a) Macerating the clays in a wooden mortar; (b) Beginning a pot (a) Macerating the clays in a wooden mortar; (b) Beginning a pot Photo by Jenks Figure 90.
Shaping the rim of a pot Shaping the rim of a pot Photo by Martin Figure 91.
Expanding the bowl of a pot Expanding the bowl of a pot Photo by Martin Figure 92.
Smoothing and finishing a sun-dried pot Smoothing and finishing a sun-dried pot Photo by Jenks Figure 93.
Woman's large transportation basket and winnowing tray Woman's large transportation basket and winnowing tray Photo by Martin Figure 94.
Household baskets (sûg-fi′, fa-lo′-ko, ki′-ûg, ko′-lûg) Household baskets (sûg-fi′, fa-lo′-ko, ki′-ûg, ko′-lûg) Photo by Martin Figure 95.
The traveling basket; so-called "head basket" The traveling basket; so-called "head basket" Photo by Martin Figure 96.
Bontoc shields Bontoc shields Photo by Jenks Figure 97.
Bontoc shields Bontoc shields Photo by Jenks Figure 98.
The Kalinga shields The Kalinga shields Photo by Jenks Figure 99.
Banawi shield, front and back Banawi shield, front and back Photo by Jenks Figure 100.
Bontoc war spears (fal-fĕg′) Bontoc war spears (fal-fĕg′) Photo by Martin Figure 101.
Spears (fan′-kao and kay-yan′) Spears (fan′-kao and kay-yan′) Photo by Martin Figure 102.
Bontoc battle-axes, with bajuco ferrules Bontoc battle-axes, with bajuco ferrules Photo by Jenks Figure 103.
Bontoc battle-axes, with steel ferrules Bontoc battle-axes, with steel ferrules Photo by Martin Figure 104.
The Balbelasan or northern battle-ax The Balbelasan or northern battle-ax Photo by Jenks Figure 105.
Agawa clay pipe maker Agawa clay pipe maker Photo by Jenks Figure 106.
Agawa clay pipes. (Those in the lower row are finished.)
Agawa clay pipes. (Those in the lower row are finished.)
Photo by Jenks Figure 107.
Finished Agawa clay pipes, with stems Finished Agawa clay pipes, with stems Photo by Jenks Figure 108.
Roll of beeswax and three wax pipe models Roll of beeswax and three wax pipe models Photo by Jenks Figure 109.
Metal pipe makers Metal pipe makers Photo by Jenks Figure 110.
Metal pipes. (The lower row shows poorly the "anito" pipe.)
Metal pipes. (The lower row shows poorly the "anito" pipe.)
Photo by Jenks Figure 111.
Children paring camotes Children paring camotes Photo by Martin Figure 112.
Women threshing rice Women threshing rice Photo by Martin Figure 113.
Gourd for storing salt meats Gourd for storing salt meats Photo by Martin Figure 114.
Bamboo tube for carrying basi Bamboo tube for carrying basi Photo by Martin Figure 115.
Mayinit pueblo. (Long salt houses in the foreground.)
Mayinit pueblo. (Long salt houses in the foreground.)
Photo by Martin Figure 116.
(a) Woman washing salt; (b) salt-incrusted rocks (a) Woman washing salt; (b) salt-incrusted rocks Photo by Martin Figure 117.
Mayinit salt producer preparing salt cakes for baking Mayinit salt producer preparing salt cakes for baking Photo by Martin Figure 118.
A cane-sugar mill A cane-sugar mill Photo by Martin Figure 119.
Methods of transportation Methods of transportation Photo by Martin Figure 120.
Man's transportation basket (ki-ma′-ta) Man's transportation basket (ki-ma′-ta) Photo by Martin Figure 121.
Woman's transportation baskets Woman's transportation baskets Photo by Martin Figure 122.
Women