plane. -- Accidental lights (Paint.), secondary lights; effects of light other than ordinary daylight, such as the rays of the sun darting through a cloud, or between the leaves of trees; the effect of moonlight, candlelight, or burning bodies. Fairholt.
Syn. -- Casual; fortuitous; contingent; occasional; adventitious.
 -- Accidental, Incidental, Casual, Fortuitous, Contingent. We speak of a thing as accidental when it falls out as by chance, and not in the regular course of things; as, an accidental meeting, an accidental advantage, etc. We call a thing incidental when it falls, as it were, into some regular course of things, but is secondary, and forms no essential part thereof; as, an incremental remark, an incidental evil, an incidental benefit. We speak of a thing as casual, when it falls out or happens, as it were, by mere chance, without being prearranged or premeditated; as, a casual remark or encounter; a casual observer. An idea of the unimportant is attached to what is casual.
 Fortuitous is applied to what occurs without any known cause, and in opposition to what has been foreseen; as, a fortuitous concourse of atoms. We call a thing contingent when it is such that, considered in itself, it may or may not happen, but is dependent for its existence on something else; as, the time of my coming will be contingent on intelligence yet to be received.

 Ac'ci*den"tal (&?;), n. 1. A property which is not essential; a nonessential; anything happening accidentally.

 He conceived it just that accidentals... should sink with the substance of the accusation. Fuller.
2. pl. (Paint.) Those fortuitous effects produced by luminous rays falling on certain objects so that some parts stand forth in abnormal brightness and other parts are cast into a deep shadow.

3. (Mus.) A sharp, flat, or natural, occurring not at the commencement of a piece of music as the signature, but before a particular note.

 Ac'ci*den"tal*ism (&?;), n. Accidental character or effect. Ruskin.
 Ac'ci*den*tal"i*ty (&?;), n. The quality of being accidental; accidentalness. [R.] Coleridge.
 Ac'ci*den"tal*ly (&?;), adv. In an accidental manner; unexpectedly; by chance; unintentionally; casually; fortuitously; not essentially.

 Ac'ci*den"tal*ness, n. The quality of being accidental; casualness.

 Ac"ci*die (&?;), n. [OF. accide, accidie, LL. accidia, acedia, fr. Gr. &?;; 'a priv. + &?; care.] Sloth; torpor.
 [Obs.] "The sin of accidie." Chaucer.
 Ac'ci*pen"ser (&?;), n. See Acipenser.

 Ac*cip"i*ent (&?;), n. [L. accipiens, p. pr. of accipere.
 See Accept.] A receiver. [R.] Bailey ||Ac*cip"i*ter (&?;), n.; pl. E. Accipiters (&?;).
 L. Accipitres (&?;). [L., hawk.] 1. (Zoöl.)
 A genus of rapacious birds; one of the Accipitres or Raptores.

2. (Surg.) A bandage applied over the nose, resembling the claw of a hawk.

 Ac*cip"i*tral (&?;), n. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a falcon or hawk; hawklike. Lowell.
 ||Ac*cip"i*tres (&?;), n. pl. [L., hawks.] (Zoöl.)
 The order that includes rapacious birds. They have a hooked bill, and sharp, strongly curved talons. There are three families, represented by the vultures, the falcons or hawks, and the owls.

 Ac*cip"i*trine (#; 277), a. [Cf. F. accipitrin.] (Zoöl.)
 Like or belonging to the Accipitres; raptorial; hawklike.

 ||Ac*cis"mus (&?;), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Rhet.)
 Affected refusal; coyness.

 Ac*cite" (&?;), v. t. [L. accitus, p. p. of accire, accere, to call for; ad + ciere to move, call. See Cite.] To cite; to summon. [Obs.]

 Our heralds now accited all that were Endamaged by the Elians. Chapman.
 Ac*claim" (&?;), v. t. [L. acclamare; ad + clamare to cry out. See Claim, Clamor.] [R.] 1. To applaud. "A glad acclaiming train." Thomson.
2. To declare by acclamations.

 While the shouting crowd Acclaims thee king of traitors.
Smollett.
3. To shout; as, to acclaim my joy.

 Ac*claim", v. i. To shout applause.

 Ac*claim", n. Acclamation. [Poetic] Milton.
 Ac*claim"er (&?;), n. One who acclaims.

 Ac'cla*ma"tion (&?;), n. [L. acclamatio: cf. F. acclamation.]
 1. A shout of approbation, favor, or assent; eager expression of approval; loud applause.

 On such a day, a holiday having been voted by acclamation, an ordinary walk would not satisfy the children. Southey.
2. (Antiq.) A representation, in sculpture or on medals, of people expressing joy.

Acclamation medals are those on which laudatory acclamations are recorded. Elmes.
 Ac*clam"a*to*ry (&?;), a. Pertaining to, or expressing approval by, acclamation.

 Ac*cli"ma*ta*ble (&?;), a. Capable of being acclimated.

 Ac*cli'ma*ta"tion (&?;), n. [Cf. F. acclimation. See Acclimate.] Acclimatization.

 Ac*cli"mate (#; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acclimated (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Acclimating.] [F. acclimater; à (l. ad) + climat climate. See Climate.] To habituate to a climate not native; to acclimatize. J. H. Newman.
 Ac*cli"mate*ment (-ment), n. Acclimation. [R.]

 Ac'cli*ma"tion (&?;), n. The process of becoming, or the state of being, acclimated, or habituated to a new climate; acclimatization.

 Ac*cli"ma*ti'za*ble (&?;), a. Capable of being acclimatized.

 Ac*cli"ma*ti*za"tion (k'kl"m*t*z"shn), n. The act of acclimatizing; the process of inuring to a new climate, or the state of being so inured.
 Darwin.
 Ac*cli"ma*tize (k'kl"m*tz), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acclimatized (-tzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Acclimatizing (- t'zng).]
 To inure or habituate to a climate different from that which is natural; to adapt to the peculiarities of a foreign or strange climate; said of man, the inferior animals, or plants.

 Ac*cli"ma*ture (#; 135), n. The act of acclimating, or the state of


to weak, or regular. See Weak. (b) Applied to forms in Anglo-Saxon, etc., which retain the old declensional endings. In the Teutonic languages the vowel stems have held the original endings most firmly, and are called strong; the stems in -n are called weak other constant stems conform, or are irregular. F. A. March.
Strong conjugation (Gram.), the conjugation of a strong verb; -- called also old, or irregular, conjugation, and distinguished from the weak, or regular, conjugation.

Strong is often used in the formation of selfexplaining compounds; as, strong-backed, strong-based, strong-bodied, strong-colored, strong-fisted, strong-handed, strong-ribbed, strong-smelling, strong-voiced, etc.

Syn. -- Vigorous; powerful; stout; solid; firm; hardy; muscular; forcible; cogent; valid. See Robust.

 Strong"hand' (?), n. Violence; force; power.

 It was their meaning to take what they needed by stronghand.

Sir W. Raleigh.
 Strong"hold' (?), n. A fastness; a fort or fortress; fortfield place; a place of security.

 Strong"ish, a. Somewhat strong.

 Strong"ly, adv. In a strong manner; so as to be strong in action or in resistance; with strength; with great force; forcibly; powerfully; firmly; vehemently; as, a town strongly fortified; he objected strongly.

 Strong"-mind'ed (?), a. Having a vigorous mind; esp., having or affecting masculine qualities of mind; -- said of women. -- Strong"-mind'ed*ness, n. Strong"-wa'ter (?), n. 1. An acid. [Obs.]

2. Distilled or ardent spirits; intoxicating liquor.

 Stron"gy*lid (?), a. & n. (Zoöl.) Strongyloid.

 Stron"gy*loid (?), a. [NL. Strongylus the genus (from Gr.
 &?; round) + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Like, or pertaining to, Strongylus, a genus of parasitic nematode worms of which many species infest domestic animals. Some of the species, especially those living in the kidneys, lungs, and bronchial tubes, are often very injurious. - - n. A strongyloid worm.

 Stron"ti*a (?), n. [NL. strontia, fr. Strontian, in Argyleshire, Scotland, where strontianite was first found.] (Chem.)
 An earth of a white color resembling lime in appearance, and baryta in many of its properties. It is an oxide of the metal strontium.

 Stron"ti*an (?), n. (Min.) Strontia.

 Stron"ti*an*ite (?), n. (Min.) Strontium carbonate, a mineral of a white, greenish, or yellowish color, usually occurring in fibrous massive forms, but sometimes in prismatic crystals.

 Stron"tic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to strontium; containing, or designating the compounds of, strontium.

 Stron*tit"ic (?), a. Strontic.

 Stron"ti*um (?), n. [NL. See Strontia.] (Chem.) A metallic element of the calcium group, always naturally occurring combined, as in the minerals strontianite, celestite, etc. It is isolated as a yellowish metal, somewhat malleable but harder than calcium. It is chiefly employed (as in the nitrate) to color pyrotechnic flames red. Symbol Sr. Atomic weight 87.3.

 Strook (?), obs. imp. of Strike. Dryden.
 Strook, n. A stroke. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Stroot (?), v. t. [Cf. Strut, v. i.] To swell out; to strut.
 [Obs.] Chapman.
 Strop (?), n. [See Strap.] A strap; specifically, same as Strap, 3.

 Strop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stropped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stropping.] To draw over, or rub upon, a strop with a view to sharpen; as, to strop a razor.

 Strop, n. [Cf. F. estrope, étrope, fr. L. struppus.
 See Strop a strap.] (Naut.) A piece of rope spliced into a circular wreath, and put round a block for hanging it.

 ||Stro*phan"thus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; a turning + &?; a flower.] (Bot.) A genus of tropical apocynaceous shrubs having singularly twisted flowers. One species (Strophanthus hispidus) is used medicinally as a cardiac sedative and stimulant.

 Stro"phe (?), n.; pl. Strophes (#). [NL., from Gr.
 &?;, fr. &?; to twist, to turn; perh. akin to E. strap.] In Greek choruses and dances, the movement of the chorus while turning from the right to the left of the orchestra; hence, the strain, or part of the choral ode, sung during this movement. Also sometimes used of a stanza of modern verse. See the Note under Antistrophe.

 Stroph"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, containing, or consisting of, strophes.

 { Stro"phi*o*late (?), Stro"phi*o*la'ted (?), } a. (Bot.)
 Furnished with a strophiole, or caruncle, or that which resembles it. Gray.
 Stro"phi*ole (?), n. [L. strophiolum a little chaplet, dim.
 of strophium a band, Gr. &?;, dim. of &?; a twisted band: cf. F. strophiole.] (Bot.) A crestlike excrescence about the hilum of certain seeds; a caruncle.

 ||Stroph"u*lus (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) See Red-gum, 1.

 Stroud (?), n. A kind of coarse blanket or garment used by the North American Indians.

 Stroud"ing, n. Material for strouds; a kind of coarse cloth used in trade with the North American Indians.

 Strout (?), v. i. [See Strut.] To swell; to puff out; to project.
 [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Strout, v. t. To cause to project or swell out; to enlarge affectedly; to strut. [Obs.] Bacon.
 Strove (?), imp. of Strive.

 Strow (?), v. t. [imp. Strowed (?); p. p. Strown (?)
 or Strowed.] Same as Strew.

 Thick as autumnal leaves that strow the brooks In Vallombrosa.

Milton.
 A manner turbid... and strown with blemished.

M. Arnold.
 Strowl (?), v. i. To stroll. [Obs.]

 Strown (?), p. p. of Strow.

 Stroy (?), v. i. To destroy. [Obs.] Tusser.
 Struck (?), imp. & p. p. of Strike.

Struck jury (Law), a special jury, composed of persons having special knowledge or qualifications, selected by striking from the panel of jurors a certain number for each party, leaving the number required by law to try the cause.

 Struck"en (?), obs. p. p. of Strike. Shak.
 Struc"tur*al (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to structure; affecting structure; as, a structural error.

2. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to organit structure; as, a structural element or cell; the structural peculiarities of an animal or a plant.

Structural formula. (Chem.) See Rational formula, under Formula.

 Struc"ture (?), n. [L. structura, from struere, structum, to arrange, build, construct; perhaps akin to E. strew: cf. F. structure.
 Cf. Construe, Destroy, Instrument, Obstruct.] 1.


keep them dry.

Ray.
 Delf, n. Same as Delftware.

 Delft (?), n. Same as Delftware.

 Delft"ware' (?), n. (a) Pottery made at the city of Delft in Holland; hence: (b) Earthenware made in imitation of the above; any glazed earthenware made for table use, and the like.

 Del"i*bate (?), v. t. [L. delibatus, p. p. of delibare to taste; de- + libare to taste.] To taste; to take a sip of; to dabble in. [Obs.]

 Del'i*ba"tion (?), n. [L. delibatio: cf. F. délibation.]
 Act of tasting; a slight trial. [Obs.] Berkeley.
 Del"i*ber (?), v. t. & i. To deliberate. [Obs.]

 De*lib"er*ate (?), a. [L. deliberatus, p. p. of deliberare to deliberate; de- + librare to weigh. See Librate.] 1.
 Weighing facts and arguments with a view to a choice or decision; carefully considering the probable consequences of a step; circumspect; slow in determining; -- applied to persons; as, a deliberate judge or counselor. "These deliberate fools." Shak.
2. Formed with deliberation; well-advised; carefully considered; not sudden or rash; as, a deliberate opinion; a deliberate measure or result.

 Settled visage and deliberate word.

Shak.
3. Not hasty or sudden; slow. Hooker.
 His enunciation was so deliberate.

W. Wirt.
 De*lib"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deliberated; p. pr. & vb. n. Deliberating.] To weigh in the mind; to consider the reasons for and against; to consider maturely; to reflect upon; to ponder; as, to deliberate a question.

 De*lib"er*ate, v. i. To take counsel with one's self; to weigh the arguments for and against a proposed course of action; to reflect; to consider; to hesitate in deciding; -- sometimes with on, upon, about, concerning.

 The woman that deliberates is lost.

Addison.
 De*lib"er*ate*ly (?), adv. With careful consideration, or deliberation; circumspectly; warily; not hastily or rashly; slowly; as, a purpose deliberately formed.

 De*lib"er*ate*ness, n. The quality of being deliberate; calm consideration; circumspection.

 De*lib'er*a"tion (?), n. [L. deliberatio: cf. F. délibération.]
 1. The act of deliberating, or of weighing and examining the reasons for and against a choice or measure; careful consideration; mature reflection.

 Choosing the fairest way with a calm deliberation.

W. Montagu.
2. Careful discussion and examination of the reasons for and against a measure; as, the deliberations of a legislative body or council.

 De*lib"er*a*tive (?), a. [L. deliberativus: cf. F. délibératif.]
 Pertaining to deliberation; proceeding or acting by deliberation, or by discussion and examination; deliberating; as, a deliberative body.

 A consummate work of deliberative wisdom.

Bancroft.
 The court of jurisdiction is to be distinguished from the deliberative body, the advisers of the crown.

Hallam.
 De*lib"er*a*tive, n. 1. A discourse in which a question is discussed, or weighed and examined. Bacon.
2. A kind of rhetoric employed in proving a thing and convincing others of its truth, in order to persuade them to adopt it.

 De*lib"er*a*tive*ly, adv. In a deliberative manner; circumspectly; considerately.

 De*lib"er*a'tor (?), n. One who deliberates.

 Del"i*brate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Delibrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Delibrating.] [L. delibratus, p. p. of delibrare to delibrate; de from + liber bark.] To strip off the bark; to peel. [Obs.] Ash.
 Del'i*bra"tion (?), n. The act of stripping off the bark. [Obs.] Ash.
 Del"i*ca*cy (?), n.; pl. Delicacies (#). [From Delicate, a.] 1. The state or condition of being delicate; agreeableness to the senses; delightfulness; as, delicacy of flavor, of odor, and the like.

 What choice to choose for delicacy best.

Milton.
2. Nicety or fineness of form, texture, or constitution; softness; elegance; smoothness; tenderness; and hence, frailty or weakness; as, the delicacy of a fiber or a thread; delicacy of a hand or of the human form; delicacy of the skin; delicacy of frame.

3. Nice propriety of manners or conduct; susceptibility or tenderness of feeling; refinement; fastidiousness; and hence, in an exaggerated sense, effeminacy; as, great delicacy of behavior; delicacy in doing a kindness; delicacy of character that unfits for earnest action.

 You know your mother's delicacy in this point.

Cowper.
4. Addiction to pleasure; luxury; daintiness; indulgence; luxurious or voluptuous treatment.

 And to those dainty limbs which Nature lent For gentle usage and soft delicacy?

Milton.
5. Nice and refined perception and discrimination; critical niceness; fastidious accuracy.

 That Augustan delicacy of taste which is the boast of the great public schools of England.

Macaulay.
6. The state of being affected by slight causes; sensitiveness; as, the delicacy of a chemist's balance.

7. That which is alluring, delicate, or refined; a luxury or pleasure; something pleasant to the senses, especially to the sense of taste; a dainty; as, delicacies of the table.

 The merchants of the earth are waxed rich through the abundance of her delicacies.

Rev. xviii. 3.
8. Pleasure; gratification; delight. [Obs.]

 He Rome brent for his delicacie.

Chaucer.
Syn. -- See Dainty.

 Del"i*cate (?), a. [L. delicatus pleasing the senses, voluptuous, soft and tender; akin to deliciae delight: cf. F. délicat.
 See Delight.] 1. Addicted to pleasure; luxurious; voluptuous; alluring. [R.]

 Dives, for his delicate life, to the devil went.

Piers Plowman.
 Haarlem is a very delicate town.

Evelyn.
2. Pleasing to the senses; refinedly agreeable; hence, adapted to please a nice or cultivated taste; nice; fine; elegant; as, a delicate dish; delicate flavor.

3. Slight and shapely; lovely; graceful; as, "a delicate creature." Shak.
4. Fine or slender; minute; not coarse; -- said of a thread, or the like; as, delicate cotton.

5. Slight or smooth; light and yielding; -- said of texture; as, delicate lace or silk.

6. Soft and fair; -- said of the skin or a surface; as, a delicate cheek; a delicate complexion.

7. Light, or softly tinted; -- said of a color; as, a delicate blue.

8. Refined; gentle; scrupulous not to trespass or offend; considerate; -- said of manners, conduct, or feelings; as, delicate


bristle-shaped leaf.

 Bris"tle*tail' (&?;), n. (Zoöl.) An insect of the genera Lepisma, Campodea, etc., belonging to the Thysanura.

 Bris"tli*ness (&?;), n. The quality or state of having bristles.

 Bris"tly (&?;), a. Thick set with bristles, or with hairs resembling bristles; rough.

 The leaves of the black mulberry are somewhat bristly. Bacon.
 Bris"tol (&?;), n. A seaport city in the west of England.

Bristol board, a kind of fine pasteboard, made with a smooth but usually unglazed surface. -- Bristol brick, a brick of siliceous matter used for polishing cultery; -- originally manufactured at Bristol.
 -- Bristol stone, rock crystal, or brilliant crystals of quartz, found in the mountain limestone near Bristol, and used in making ornaments, vases, etc. When polished, it is called Bristol diamond.

 Bri*sure" (&?;), n. [F.] 1. (Fort.) Any part of a rampart or parapet which deviates from the general direction.

2. (Her.) A mark of cadency or difference.

 { Brit, Britt } (&?;), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The young of the common herring; also, a small species of herring; the sprat.
 (b) The minute marine animals (chiefly Entomostraca) upon which the right whales feed.

 Bri*tan"ni*a (&?;), n. [From L. Britannia Great Britain.] A white-metal alloy of tin, antimony, bismuth, copper, etc. It somewhat resembles silver, and is used for table ware. Called also Britannia metal.

 Bri*tan"nic (&?;), a. [L. Britannicus, fr. Britannia Great Britain.] Of or pertaining to Great Britain; British; as, her Britannic Majesty.

 { Brite, Bright } (&?;), v. t. To be or become overripe, as wheat, barley, or hops. [Prov. Eng.]

 Brit"i*cism (&?;), n. A word, phrase, or idiom peculiar to Great Britain; any manner of using a word or words that is peculiar to Great Britain.

 Brit"ish (brt"sh), a. [AS. Brittisc, Bryttisc.] Of or pertaining to Great Britain or to its inhabitants; -- sometimes restricted to the original inhabitants.

British gum, a brownish substance, very soluble in cold water, formed by heating dry starch at a temperature of about 600° Fahr. It corresponds, in its properties, to dextrin, and is used, in solution, as a substitute for gum in stiffering goods. -- British lion, the national emblem of Great Britain. -- British seas, the four seas which surround Great Britain.

 Brit"ish, n. pl. People of Great Britain.

 Brit"ish*er, n. An Englishman; a subject or inhabitant of Great Britain, esp. one in the British military or naval service. [Now used jocosely] Brit"on (&?;), a. [AS. bryten Britain.] British. [Obs.]
 Spenser. -- n. A native of Great Britain.

 Brit"tle (&?;), a. [OE. britel, brutel, AS. bryttian to dispense, fr. breótan to break; akin to Icel. brytja, Sw. bryta, Dan. bryde. Cf. Brickle.] Easily broken; apt to break; fragile; not tough or tenacious.

 Farewell, thou pretty, brittle piece Of fine-cut crystal.
Cotton.
Brittle silver ore, the mineral stephanite.

 Brit"tle*ly, adv. In a brittle manner. Sherwood.
 Brit"tle*ness, n. Aptness to break; fragility.

 Brit"tle star' (brt"t'l stär'), (Zoöl.) Any species of ophiuran starfishes. See Ophiuroidea.

 Britz"ska (brts"k), n. [Russ. britshka; cf. Pol. bryczka, dim. of bryka freight wagon.] A long carriage, with a calash top, so constructed as to give space for reclining at night, when used on a journey.

 Brize (brz), n. The breeze fly. See Breeze. Shak.
 Broach (&?;), n. [OE. broche, F. broche, fr. LL.
 brocca; prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. proc thrust, stab, Gael. brog awl. Cf. Brooch.] 1. A spit. [Obs.]

 He turned a broach that had worn a crown. Bacon.
2. An awl; a bodkin; also, a wooden rod or pin, sharpened at each end, used by thatchers. [Prov. Eng.] Forby.
3. (Mech.) (a) A tool of steel, generally tapering, and of a polygonal form, with from four to eight cutting edges, for smoothing or enlarging holes in metal; sometimes made smooth or without edges, as for burnishing pivot holes in watches; a reamer. The broach for gun barrels is commonly square and without taper. (b) A straight tool with file teeth, made of steel, to be pressed through irregular holes in metal that cannot be dressed by revolving tools; a drift.

4. (Masonry) A broad chisel for stonecutting.

5. (Arch.) A spire rising from a tower. [Local, Eng.]

6. A clasp for fastening a garment. See Brooch.

7. A spitlike start, on the head of a young stag.

8. The stick from which candle wicks are suspended for dipping. Knight.
9. The pin in a lock which enters the barrel of the key.

 Broach, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Broached (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Broaching.] [F. brocher, fr. broche.
 See Broach, n.] 1. To spit; to pierce as with a spit.

 I'll broach the tadpole on my rapier's point. Shak.
2. To tap; to pierce, as a cask, in order to draw the liquor.
 Hence: To let out; to shed, as blood.

 Whereat with blade, with bloody blameful blade, He bravely broached his boiling bloody breast. Shak.
3. To open for the first time, as stores.

 You shall want neither weapons, victuals, nor aid; I will open the old armories, I will broach my store, and will bring forth my stores.
Knolles.
4. To make public; to utter; to publish first; to put forth; to introduce as a topic of conversation.

 Those very opinions themselves had broached. Swift.
5. To cause to begin or break out. [Obs.] Shak.
6. (Masonry) To shape roughly, as a block of stone, by chiseling with a coarse tool. [Scot. & North of Eng.]

7. To enlarge or dress (a hole), by using a broach.

To broach to (Naut.), to incline suddenly to windward, so as to lay the sails aback, and expose the vessel to the danger of oversetting.

 Broach"er (&?;), n. 1. A spit; a broach.

 On five sharp broachers ranked, the roast they turned. Dryden.
2. One who broaches, opens, or utters; a first publisher or promoter.

 Some such broacher of heresy. Atterbury.
 Broad (&?;), a. [Compar. Broader (&?;); superl.
 Broadest.] [OE. brod, brad, AS. brd; akin to OS. brd,


Transcribed from the 1886 Cassell & Company edition by David Price, email _EMAIL_ Book cover CASSELL'S NATIONAL LIBRARY.

THE Bravo of Venice A ROMANCE.
TRANSLATED FROM THE GERMAN BY M. G. LEWIS.
Decorative graphic CASSELL & COMPANY, Limited: LONDON, PARIS, NEW YORK & MELBOURNE.
1886.
INTRODUCTION.
Matthew Gregory Lewis, who professed to have translated this romance out of the German, very much, I believe, as Horace Walpole professed to have taken The Castle of Otranto from an old Italian manuscript, was born in 1775 of a wealthy family. His father had an estate in India and a post in a Government office. His mother was daughter to Sir Thomas Sewell, Master of the Rolls in the reign of George III. She was a young mother; her son Matthew was devoted to her from the first. As a child he called her "Fanny," and as a man held firmly by her when she was deserted by her husband. From Westminster School, M. G. Lewis passed to Christ Church, Oxford. Already he was busy over tales and plays, and wrote at college a farce, never acted, a comedy, written at the age of sixteen, The East Indian, afterwards played for Mrs. Jordan's benefit and repeated with great success, and also a novel, never published, called The Effusions of Sensibility, which was a burlesque upon the sentimental school. He wrote also what he called "a romance in the style of The Castle of Otranto," which appeared afterwards as the play of The Castle Spectre.
With his mind thus interested in literature of the romantic form, young Lewis, aged seventeen, after a summer in Paris, went to Germany, settled for a time at Weimar, and, as he told his mother, knocked his brains against German as hard as ever he could. "I have been introduced," he wrote, in July, 1792, "to M. de Goethe, the celebrated author of Werter, so you must not be surprised if I should shoot myself one of these fine mornings." In the spring of 1793 the youth returned to England, very full of German romantic tale and song, and with more paper covered with wild fancies of his own. After the next Christmas he returned to Oxford. There was a visit to Lord Douglas at Bothwell Castle; there was not much academic work done at Oxford.
His father's desire was to train him for the diplomatic service, and in the summer of 1794 he went to the Hague as attaché to the British Embassy. He had begun to write his novel of The Monk, had flagged, but was spurred on at the Hague by a reading of Mrs. Radcliffe's Mysteries of Udolpho, a book after his own heart, and he wrote to his mother at this time, "You see I am horribly bit by the rage of writing." The Monk was written in ten weeks, and published in the summer of 1795, before its author's age was twenty.
It was praised, attacked, said by one review to have neither originality, morals, nor probability to recommend it, yet to have excited and to be continuing to excite the curiosity of the public: a result set down to the "irresistible energy of genius." Certainly, Lewis did not trouble himself to keep probability in view; he amused himself with wild play of a fancy that delighted in the wonderful. The controversy over The Monk caused the young author to be known as Monk Lewis, and the word Monk has to this day taken the place of the words Matthew Gregory so generally, that many catalogue-makers must innocently suppose him to have been so named at the font. The author of The Monk came back from the Hague to be received as a young lion in London society.
When he came of age he entered Parliament for Hindon, in Wiltshire, but seldom went to the House, never spoke in it, and retired after a few sessions. His delight was in the use of the pen; his father, although disappointed by his failure as a statesman, allowed him a thousand a year, and he took a cottage at Barnes, that he might there escape from the world to his ink-bottle. He was a frequent visitor at Inverary Castle, and was fascinated by his host's daughter, Lady Charlotte Campbell. Still he wrote on. The musical drama of The Castle Spectre was produced in the year after The Monk, and it ran sixty nights. He translated next Schiller's Kabale und Liebe as The Minister, but it was not acted till it appeared, with little success, some years afterwards at Covent Garden as The Harper's Daughter. He translated from Kotzebue, under the name of Rolla, the drama superseded by Sheridan's version of the same work as Pizarro. Then came the acting, in 1799, of his comedy written in boyhood, The East Indian. Then came, in the same year, his first opera, Adelmorn the Outlaw; then a tragedy, Alfonso, King of Castile. Of the origin of this tragedy Lewis gave a characteristic account. "Hearing one day," he said, "my introduction of negroes into a feudal baron's castle" (in The Castle Spectre) "exclaimed against with as much vehemence as if a dramatic anachronism had been an offence undeserving of benefit of clergy, I said in a moment of petulance, that to prove of how little consequence I esteemed such errors, I would make a play upon the Gunpowder Plot, and make Guy Faux in love with the Emperor Charlemagne's daughter. By some chance or other, this idea fastened itself upon me, and by dint of turning it in my mind, I at length formed the plot of Alfonso." To that time in Lewis's life belongs this book, The Bravo of Venice; which was published in 1804, when the writer's age was twenty-nine. It was written at Inverary Castle, dedicated to the Earl of Moira, and received as one of the most perfect little romances of its kind, "highly characteristic of the exquisite contrivance, bold colouring, and profound mystery of the German school." In 1805 Lewis recast it into a melodrama, which he called Rugantino.
H.M.
Book the First.
CHAPTER I. VENICE.
It was evening. Multitudes of light clouds, partially illumined by the moonbeams, overspread the horizon, and through them floated the full moon in tranquil majesty, while her splendour was reflected by every wave of the Adriatic Sea. All was hushed around; gently was the water rippled by the night wind; gently did the night wind sigh through the Colonnades of Venice.
It was midnight; and still sat a stranger, solitary and sad, on the border of the great canal. Now with a glance he measured the battlements and proud towers of the city; and now he fixed his melancholy eyes upon the waters with a vacant stare. At length he spoke— "Wretch that I am, whither shall I go? Here sit I in Venice, and what would it avail to wander further? What will become of me? All now slumber, save myself! the Doge rests on his couch of down; the beggar's head presses his straw pillow; but for me there is no bed except the cold, damp earth! There is no gondolier so wretched but he knows where to find work by day and shelter by night—while I—while I—Oh! dreadful is the destiny of which I am made the sport!" He began to examine for the twentieth time the pockets of his tattered garments.
"No! not one paolo, by heavens!—and I hunger almost to death." He unsheathed his sword; he waved it in the moonshine, and sighed, as he marked the glittering of the steel.
"No, no, my old true companion, thou and I must never part. Mine thou shalt remain, though I starve for it.
Oh, was not that a golden time when Valeria gave thee to me, and when she threw the belt over my shoulder, I kissed thee and Valeria? She has deserted us for another world, but thou and I will never part in this." He wiped away a drop which hung upon his eyelid.
"Pshaw! 'twas not a tear; the night wind is sharp and bitter, and makes the eyes water; but as for tears—Absurd! my weeping days are over." And as he spoke, the unfortunate (for such


THERE IS AN ILLUSTRATED EDITION OF THIS TITLE WITH LINKED TABLE OF CONTENTS WHICH MAY VIEWED AT EBOOK [# 38895 ] THE CLOISTER AND THE HEARTH by Charles Reade CONTENTS AUTHOR'S PREFACE CHAPTER I CHAPTER II CHAPTER III CHAPTER IV CHAPTER V CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VIII CHAPTER IX CHAPTER X CHAPTER XI CHAPTER XII CHAPTER XIII CHAPTER XIV CHAPTER XV CHAPTER XVI CHAPTER XVII CHAPTER XVIII CHAPTER XIX CHAPTER XX CHAPTER XXI CHAPTER XXII CHAPTER XXIII CHAPTER XXIV CHAPTER XXV CHAPTER XXVI CHAPTER XXVII CHAPTER XXVIII CHAPTER XXIX CHAPTER XXX CHAPTER XXXI CHAPTER XXXII CHAPTER XXXIII CHAPTER XXXIV CHAPTER XXXV CHAPTER XXXVI CHAPTER XXXVII CHAPTER XXXVIII CHAPTER XXXIX CHAPTER XL CHAPTER XLI CHAPTER XLII CHAPTER XLIII CHAPTER XLIV CHAPTER XLV CHAPTER XLVI CHAPTER XLVII CHAPTER XLVIII CHAPTER XLIX CHAPTER L CHAPTER LI CHAPTER LI CHAPTER LIII CHAPTER LIV CHAPTER LV CHAPTER LVI CHAPTER LVII CHAPTER LVIII CHAPTER LIX CHAPTER LX CHAPTER LXI CHAPTER XLII CHAPTER LXIII CHAPTER LXIV CHAPTER LXV CHAPTER LXVI CHAPTER LXVII CHAPTER LXVIII CHAPTER LXIX CHAPTER LXX CHAPTER LXXI CHAPTER LXXII CHAPTER LXXIII CHAPTER LXXIV CHAPTER LXXV CHAPTER LXXVI CHAPTER LXXVII CHAPTER LXXVIII CHAPTER LXXIX CHAPTER LXXX CHAPTER LXXXI CHAPTER LXXXII CHAPTER LXXXIII CHAPTER LXXXIV CHAPTER LXXXV CHAPTER LXXXVI CHAPTER LXXXVII CHAPTER LXXXVIII CHAPTER LXXXIX CHAPTER XC CHAPTER XCI CHAPTER XCII CHAPTER XCIII CHAPTER XCIV CHAPTER XCV CHAPTER XCVI CHAPTER XCVII CHAPTER XCVIII CHAPTER XCIX CHAPTER C AUTHOR'S PREFACE A small portion of this tale appeared in Once a Week, July-September, 1859, under the title of "A Good Fight." After writing it, I took wider views of the subject, and also felt uneasy at having deviated unnecessarily from the historical outline of a true story. These two sentiments have cost me more than a year's very hard labour, which I venture to think has not been wasted. After this plain statement I trust all who comment on this work will see that to describe it as a reprint would be unfair to the public and to me. The English language is copious, and, in any true man's hands, quite able to convey the truth—namely, that one-fifth of the present work is a reprint, and four-fifths of it a new composition.

 CHARLES READE CHAPTER I Not a day passes over the earth, but men and women of no note do great deeds, speak great words, and suffer noble sorrows. Of these obscure heroes, philosophers, and martyrs, the greater part will never be known till that hour, when many that are great shall be small, and the small great; but of others the world's knowledge may be said to sleep: their lives and characters lie hidden from nations in the annals that record them. The general reader cannot feel them, they are presented so curtly and coldly: they are not like breathing stories appealing to his heart, but little historic hail-stones striking him but to glance off his bosom: nor can he understand them; for epitomes are not narratives, as skeletons are not human figures.

 Thus records of prime truths remain a dead letter to plain folk: the writers have left so much to the imagination, and imagination is so rare a gift. Here, then, the writer of fiction may be of use to the public—as an interpreter.

 There is a musty chronicle, written in intolerable Latin, and in it a chapter where every sentence holds a fact. Here is told, with harsh brevity, the strange history of a pair, who lived untrumpeted, and died unsung, four hundred years ago; and lie now, as unpitied, in that stern page, as fossils in a rock. Thus, living or dead, Fate is still unjust to them. For if I can but show you what lies below that dry chronicler's words, methinks you will correct the indifference of centuries, and give those two sore-tried souls a place in your heart—for a day.

 It was past the middle of the fifteenth century; Louis XI was sovereign of France; Edward IV was wrongful king of England; and Philip "the Good," having by force and cunning dispossessed his cousin Jacqueline, and broken her heart, reigned undisturbed this many years in Holland, where our tale begins.

 Elias, and Catherine his wife, lived in the little town of Tergou. He traded, wholesale and retail, in cloth, silk, brown holland, and, above all, in curried leather, a material highly valued by the middling people, because it would stand twenty years' wear, and turn an ordinary knife, no small virtue in a jerkin of that century, in which folk were so liberal of their steel; even at dinner a man would leave his meat awhile, and carve you his neighbour, on a very moderate difference of opinion.

 The couple were well to do, and would have been free from all earthly care, but for nine children. When these were coming into the world, one per annum, each was hailed with rejoicings, and the saints were thanked, not expostulated with; and when parents and children were all young together, the latter were looked upon as lovely little playthings invented by Heaven for the amusement, joy, and evening solace of people in business.

 But as the olive-branches shot up, and the parents grew older, and saw with their own eyes the fate of large families, misgivings and care mingled with their love. They belonged to a singularly wise and provident people: in Holland reckless parents were as rare as disobedient children.
 So now when the huge loaf came in on a gigantic trencher, looking like a fortress in its moat, and, the tour of the table once made, seemed to have melted away, Elias and Catherine would look at one another and say, "Who is to find bread for them all when we are gone?" At this observation the younger ones needed all their filial respect to keep their little Dutch countenances; for in their opinion dinner and supper came by nature like sunrise and sunset, and, so long as that luminary should travel round the earth, so long as the brown loaf go round


FOMA GORDYEFF (The Man Who Was Afraid) By Maxim Gorky Translated by Herman Bernstein Contents INTRODUCTORY NOTE.
 FOMA GORDYEEF CHAPTER I CHAPTER II CHAPTER III CHAPTER IV CHAPTER V CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VIII CHAPTER IX CHAPTER X CHAPTER XI CHAPTER XII CHAPTER XIII INTRODUCTORY NOTE.

 OUT of the darkest depths of life, where vice and crime and misery abound, comes the Byron of the twentieth century, the poet of the vagabond and the proletariat, Maxim Gorky. Not like the beggar, humbly imploring for a crust in the name of the Lord, nor like the jeweller displaying his precious stones to dazzle and tempt the eye, he comes to the world,—nay, in accents of Tyrtaeus this commoner of Nizhni Novgorod spurs on his troops of freedom-loving heroes to conquer, as it were, the placid, self-satisfied literatures of to-day, and bring new life to pale, bloodless frames.

 Like Byron's impassioned utterances, "borne on the tones of a wild and quite artless melody," is Gorky's mad, unbridled, powerful voice, as he sings of the "madness of the brave," of the barefooted dreamers, who are proud of their idleness, who possess nothing and fear nothing, who are gay in their misery, though miserable in their joy.

 Gorky's voice is not the calm, cultivated, well-balanced voice of Chekhov, the Russian De Maupassant, nor even the apostolic, well-meaning, but comparatively faint voice of Tolstoy, the preacher: it is the roaring of a lion, the crash of thunder. In its elementary power is the heart rending cry of a sincere but suffering soul that saw the brutality of life in all its horrors, and now flings its experiences into the face of the world with unequalled sympathy and the courage of a giant.

 For Gorky, above all, has courage; he dares to say that he finds the vagabond, the outcast of society, more sublime and significant than society itself.

 His Bosyak, the symbolic incarnation of the Over-man, is as naive and as bold as a child—or as a genius. In the vehement passions of the magnanimous, compassionate hero in tatters, in the aristocracy of his soul, and in his constant thirst for Freedom, Gorky sees the rebellious and irreconcilable spirit of man, of future man,—in these he sees something beautiful, something powerful, something monumental, and is carried away by their strange psychology. For the barefooted dreamer's life is Gorky's life, his ideals are Gorky's ideals, his pleasures and pains, Gorky's pleasures and pains.

 And Gorky, though broken in health now, buffeted by the storms of fate, bruised and wounded in the battle-field of life, still like Byron and like Lermontov, And in a leonine voice he cries defiantly: HERMAN BERNSTEIN.

 September 20, 1901.

 FOMA GORDYEEF CHAPTER I ABOUT sixty years ago, when fortunes of millions had been made on the Volga with fairy-tale rapidity, Ignat Gordyeeff, a young fellow, was working as water-pumper on one of the barges of the wealthy merchant Zayev.

 Built like a giant, handsome and not at all stupid, he was one of those people whom luck always follows everywhere—not because they are gifted and industrious, but rather because, having an enormous stock of energy at their command, they cannot stop to think over the choice of means when on their way toward their aims, and, excepting their own will, they know no law. Sometimes they speak of their conscience with fear, sometimes they really torture themselves struggling with it, but conscience is an unconquerable power to the faint-hearted only; the strong master it quickly and make it a slave to their desires, for they unconsciously feel that, given room and freedom, conscience would fracture life. They sacrifice days to it; and if it should happen that conscience conquered their souls, they are never wrecked, even in defeat—they are just as healthy and strong under its sway as when they lived without conscience.

 At the age of forty Ignat Gordyeeff was himself the owner of three steamers and ten barges. On the Volga he was respected as a rich and clever man, but was nicknamed "Frantic," because his life did not flow along a straight channel, like that of other people of his kind, but now and again, boiling up turbulently, ran out of its rut, away from gain—the prime aim of his existence. It looked as though there were three Gordyeeffs in him, or as though there were three souls in Ignat's body.
 One of them, the mightiest, was only greedy, and when Ignat lived according to its commands, he was merely a man seized with untamable passion for work. This passion burned in him by day and by night, he was completely absorbed by it, and, grabbing everywhere hundreds and thousands of roubles, it seemed as if he could never have enough of the jingle and sound of money. He worked about up and down the Volga, building and fastening nets in which he caught gold: he bought up grain in the villages, floated it to Rybinsk on his barges; he plundered, cheated, sometimes not noticing it, sometimes noticing, and, triumphant, be openly laughed at by his victims; and in the senselessness of his thirst for money, he rose to the heights of poetry. But, giving up so much strength to this hunt after the rouble, he was not greedy in the narrow sense, and sometimes he even betrayed an inconceivable but sincere indifference to his property. Once, when the ice was drifting down the Volga, he stood on the shore, and, seeing that the ice was breaking his new barge, having crushed it against the bluff shore, he ejaculated: "That's it. Again. Crush it! Now, once more! Try!" "Well, Ignat," asked his friend Mayakin, coming up to him, "the ice is crushing about ten thousand out of your purse, eh?" "That's nothing! I'll make another hundred. But look how the Volga is working! Eh? Fine? She can split the whole world, like curd, with a knife.
 Look, look! There you have my 'Boyarinya!' She floated but once. Well, we'll have mass said for the dead." The barge was crushed into splinters. Ignat and the godfather, sitting in the tavern on the shore, drank vodka and looked out of the window, watching the fragments of the "Boyarinya" drifting down the river together with the ice.

 "Are you sorry for the vessel, Ignat?" asked Mayakin.

 "Why should I be sorry for it? The Volga gave it to me, and the Volga has taken it back. It did not tear off my hand." "Nevertheless." "What—nevertheless? It is good at least that I saw how it was all done. It's a lesson for the future. But when my 'Volgar' was burned—I was really sorry—I didn't see it. How beautiful it


organizations, as of the Blue ribbon Army. -- Blue ruin, utter ruin; also, gin. [Eng.
 Slang] Carlyle. -- Blue spar (Min.), azure spar; lazulite. See Lazulite. -- Blue thrush (Zoöl.), a European and Asiatic thrush (Petrocossyphus cyaneas). -- Blue verditer. See Verditer. -- Blue vitriol (Chem.), sulphate of copper, a violet blue crystallized salt, used in electric batteries, calico printing, etc. -- Blue water, the open ocean. -- To look blue, to look disheartened or dejected. -- True blue, genuine and thorough; not modified, nor mixed; not spurious; specifically, of uncompromising Presbyterianism, blue being the color adopted by the Covenanters.

 For his religion... 'T was Presbyterian, true blue.
Hudibras.
 Blue (bl), n. 1. One of the seven colors into which the rays of light divide themselves, when refracted through a glass prism; the color of the clear sky, or a color resembling that, whether lighter or darker; a pigment having such color. Sometimes, poetically, the sky.

2. A pedantic woman; a bluestocking. [Colloq.]

3. pl. [Short for blue devils.] Low spirits; a fit of despondency; melancholy. [Colloq.]

Berlin blue, Prussian blue. -- Mineral blue. See under Mineral. -- Prussian blue. See under Prussian.

 Blue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blued (&?;); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Bluing.] To make blue; to dye of a blue color; to make blue by heating, as metals, etc.

 Blue"back' (&?;), n. (Zoöl.) (a) A trout (Salmo oquassa) inhabiting some of the lakes of Maine. (b) A salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) of the Columbia River and northward. (c) An American river herring (Clupea æstivalis), closely allied to the alewife.

 Blue"beard (&?;), n. The hero of a mediæval French nursery legend, who, leaving home, enjoined his young wife not to open a certain room in his castle. She entered it, and found the murdered bodies of his former wives. -- Also used adjectively of a subject which it is forbidden to investigate.

 The Bluebeard chamber of his mind, into which no eye but his own must look. Carlyle.
 Blue"bell' (&?;), n. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Campanula, especially the Campanula rotundifolia, which bears blue bell-shaped flowers; the harebell. (b) A plant of the genus Scilla (Scilla nutans).

 Blue"berry (&?;), n. [Cf. Blaeberry.] (Bot.) The berry of several species of Vaccinium, an ericaceous genus, differing from the American huckleberries in containing numerous minute seeds instead of ten nutlets. The commonest species are V. Pennsylvanicum and V. vacillans. V. corymbosum is the tall blueberry.

 Blue"bill' (&?;), n. (Zoöl.) A duck of the genus Fuligula.
 Two American species (F. marila and F. affinis) are common.
 See Scaup duck.

 Blue"bird' (&?;), n. (Zoöl.) A small song bird (Sialia sialis), very common in the United States, and, in the north, one of the earliest to arrive in spring. The male is blue, with the breast reddish. It is related to the European robin.

Pairy bluebird (Zoöl.), a brilliant Indian or East Indian bird of the genus Irena, of several species.

 { Blue" bon'net or Blue"-bon'net } (&?;), n. 1. A broad, flat Scottish cap of blue woolen, or one wearing such cap; a Scotchman.

2. (Bot.) A plant. Same as Bluebottle.

3. (Zoöl.) The European blue titmouse (Parus cœruleus); the bluecap.

 Blue" book' (&?;). 1. A parliamentary publication, so called from its blue paper covers. [Eng.]

2. The United States official "Biennial Register."

 Blue"bot'tle (&?;), n. 1. (Bot.) A plant (Centaurea cyanus) which grows in grain fields. It receives its name from its blue bottle-shaped flowers.

2. (Zoöl.) A large and troublesome species of blowfly (Musca vomitoria). Its body is steel blue.

 Blue"breast' (&?;), n. (Zoöl.) A small European bird; the blue-throated warbler.

 Blue"cap' (&?;), n. 1. (Zoöl.) (a) The bluepoll. (b) The blue bonnet or blue titmouse.

2. A Scot; a Scotchman; -- so named from wearing a blue bonnet.
 [Poetic] Shak.
 Blue"coat' (&?;), n. One dressed in blue, as a soldier, a sailor, a beadle, etc.

 Blue"-eye' (&?;), n. (Zoöl.) The blue-cheeked honeysucker of Australia.

 Blue"-eyed' (&?;), a. Having blue eyes.

 Blue-eyed grass (&?;) (Bot.) a grasslike plant (Sisyrinchium anceps), with small flowers of a delicate blue color.

 Blue"fin' (&?;), n. (Zoöl.) A species of whitefish (Coregonus nigripinnis) found in Lake Michigan.

 Blue"fish' (&?;), n. (Zoöl.) 1. A large voracious fish (Pomatomus saitatrix), of the family Carangidæ, valued as a food fish, and widely distributed on the American coast. On the New Jersey and Rhode Island coast it is called the horse mackerel, in Virginia saltwater tailor, or skipjack.

2. A West Indian fish (Platyglossus radiatus), of the family Labridæ.

 The name is applied locally to other species of fishes; as the cunner, sea bass, squeteague, etc.

 Blue"gown' (&?;), n. One of a class of paupers or pensioners, or licensed beggars, in Scotland, to whim annually on the king's birthday were distributed certain alms, including a blue gown; a beadsman.

 Blue" grass' (&?;). (Bot.) A species of grass (Poa compressa) with bluish green stems, valuable in thin gravelly soils; wire grass.

Kentucky blue grass, a species of grass (Poa pratensis) which has running rootstocks and spreads rapidly. It is valuable as a pasture grass, as it endures both winter and drought better than other kinds, and is very nutritious.

 Blue" jay' (&?;). (Zoöl.) The common jay of the United States (Cyanocitta, or Cyanura, cristata). The predominant color is bright blue.

 Blue"-john' (&?;), n. A name given to fluor spar in Derbyshire, where it is used for ornamental purposes.

 Blue"ly, adv. With a blue color. Swift.
 Blue"ness, n. The quality of being blue; a blue color. Boyle.
 Blue"nose (&?;), n. A nickname for a Nova Scotian.

 Blue"poll' (&?;), n. [Blue + poll head.] (Zoöl.)
 A kind of salmon (Salmo Cambricus) found in Wales.

 Blue"


Ignoring.] [L. ignorare; pref. innot + the root of gnarus knowing, noscere to become acquainted with. See Know, and cf. Narrate.] 1. To be ignorant of or not acquainted with. [Archaic] Philosophy would solidly be established, if men would more carefully distinguish those things that they know from those that they ignore.

Boyle.
2. (Law) To throw out or reject as false or ungrounded; -- said of a bill rejected by a grand jury for want of evidence. See Ignoramus.

3. Hence: To refuse to take notice of; to shut the eyes to; not to recognize; to disregard willfully and causelessly; as, to ignore certain facts; to ignore the presence of an objectionable person.

Ignoring Italy under our feet, And seeing things before, behind.

Mrs. Browning.
 Ig*nos"ci*ble (?), a. [L. ignoscibilis, fr. ignoscere to pardon, lit., not to wish to know; pref. innot + gnoscere, noscere, to learn to know. See Innot, and Know.] Pardonable.
 [Obs.] Bailey.
 Ig*note" (?), a. [L. ignotus; pref. innot + gnotus, notus, known, p. p. of gnocere, nocere, to learn to know.] Unknown. [Obs.] Sir E. Sandys. -- n. One who is unknown. Bp. Hacket.
 I*gua"na (?), n. [Sp. iguana, from the native name in Hayti.
 Cf. Guana.] (Zoöl.) Any species of the genus Iguana, a genus of large American lizards of the family Iguanidæ. They are arboreal in their habits, usually green in color, and feed chiefly upon fruits.

 The common iguana (Iguana iguana, formerly Iguana tuberculata, and also called by other synonyms of the West Indies and South America is sometimes five feet long. Its flesh is highly prized as food. The horned iguana (Iguana cornuta) has a conical horn between the eyes.

 I*gua"ni*an (?), a. (Zoöl.) Resembling, or pertaining to, the iguana.

 I*gua"nid (?), a. (Zoöl.) Same as Iguanoid.

 I*gua"no*don (?), n. [Iguana + Gr. &?;, &?;, a tooth.] (Paleon.) A genus of gigantic herbivorous dinosaurs having a birdlike pelvis and large hind legs with three-toed feet capable of supporting the entire body. Its teeth resemble those of the iguana, whence its name. Several species are known, mostly from the Wealden of England and Europe. See Illustration in Appendix.

 I*gua"no*dont (?), a. (Paleon.) Like or pertaining to the genus Iguanodon.

 I*gua"noid (?), a. [Iguana + -oid.] (Zoöl.)
 Pertaining to the Iguanidæ.

 Ih*lang'-ih*lang" (?), n. [Malayan, flower of flowers.] A rich, powerful, perfume, obtained from the volatile oil of the flowers of Canada odorata, an East Indian tree. [Also written ylang-ylang.]

 ||Ih*ram" (?), n. The peculiar dress worn by pilgrims to Mecca.

 Ik (?), pron. [See I.] I. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
 The Northern dialectic form of I, in Early English, corresponding to ich of the Southern.

 Il- (?). A form of the prefix in-, not, and in-, among. See In-.

 Ile (?), n. [AS. egl.] Ear of corn. [Obs.] Ainsworth.
 Ile, n. [See Aisle.] An aisle. [Obs.] H. Swinburne.
 Ile, n. [See Isle.] An isle. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Il"e*ac (?), a. [See Ileum.] 1. (Anat.) Pertaining to the ileum. [Written also iliac.]

2. See Iliac, 1. [R.]

Ileac passion. (Med.) See Ileus.

 Il'e*o*cæ"cal (?), a. [Ileum + cæcal.] (Anat.)
 Pertaining to the ileum and cæcum.

 Il'e*o*col"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the ileum and colon; as, the ileocolic, or ileocæcal, valve, a valve where the ileum opens into the large intestine.

 ||Il"e*um (?), n. [L. ile, ileum, ilium, pl.
 ilia, groin, flank.] 1. (Anat.) The last, and usually the longest, division of the small intestine; the part between the jejunum and large intestine. [Written also ileon, and ilium.]

2. (Anat.) See Ilium. [R.]

 Most modern writers restrict ileum to the division of the intestine and ilium to the pelvic bone.

 ||Il"e*us (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, fr. &?; to roll up.] (Med.) A morbid condition due to intestinal obstruction.
 It is characterized by complete constipation, with griping pains in the abdomen, which is greatly distended, and in the later stages by vomiting of fecal matter. Called also ileac, or iliac, passion.

 ||I"lex (?), n. [L., holm oak.] (Bot.) (a) The holm oak (Quercus Ilex). (b) A genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, including the common holly.

 Il"i*ac (?), a. [L. Iliacus, Gr. &?;. See Iliad.]
 Pertaining to ancient Ilium, or Troy. Gladstone.
 Il"i*ac, a. [Cf. F. iliaque. See Ileum, and cf. Jade a stone.] 1. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or in the region of, the ilium, or dorsal bone of the pelvis; as, the iliac artery. [Written also ileac.]

2. See Ileac, 1. [R.]

Iliac crest, the upper margin of the ilium. -- Iliac passion.
 See Ileus. -- Iliac region, a region of the abdomen, on either side of the hypogastric regions, and below the lumbar regions.

 I*li"a*cal (?), a. Iliac. [R.]

 Il"i*ad (?), n. [L. Ilias, - adis, Gr. &?;, &?; (sc. &?;), fr. &?;, &?;, Ilium, the city of Ilus, a son of Tros, founder of Ilium, which is a poetical name of Troy.] A celebrated Greek epic poem, in twenty-four books, on the destruction of Ilium, the ancient Troy. The Iliad is ascribed to Homer.

 Il"i*al (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the ilium; iliac.

 I*liche" (?), adv. [OE., fr. AS. gelc. Cf. Alike.] Alike.
 [Obs.] Chaucer.
 I*lic"ic (?), a. [L. ilex, ilicis, holm oak.]
 Pertaining to, or derived from, the holly (Ilex), and allied plants; as, ilicic acid.

 Il"i*cin (?), n. (Chem.) The bitter principle of the holly.

 Il"i*


SONGS FOR PARENTS By John Farrar Dedication CONTENTS Dedication SONGS OF DESIRE Summer Explorer Spring Wish Ambition Dreams Water-Lily Humor Independence SONGS FOR OUT OF DOORS A Comparison Speculation Parade Flower Preferences Parental Advice Song for a Child Watching Clouds Problem Garden Musings My Garden Tracks Chanticleer Rainbow Windmill Cat-Fish Visiting Castles Parenthood SONGS OF CIRCUMSTANCE Moral Song Serious Omission Choice Natural Fireworks Conspiracy Cuckoo Clock The Sentinel Royalty Crackers The Drum Theatricals Sally SONGS FOR A CHRISTMAS TREE Bundles The Candy Santa Claus The Tinsel Star The Ambitious Mouse Prayer About the author: SONGS OF DESIRE Summer Explorer Spring Wish Ambition Dreams Water-Lily Humor Independence SONGS FOR OUT OF DOORS A Comparison Speculation Parade Flower Preferences Parental Advice Song for a Child Watching Clouds Problem Garden Musings My Garden Tracks Chanticleer Rainbow Windmill Cat-Fish Visiting Castles Parenthood SONGS OF CIRCUMSTANCE Moral Song Serious Omission Choice Natural Fireworks Conspiracy Cuckoo Clock The Sentinel Royalty Crackers The Drum Theatricals Sally SONGS FOR A CHRISTMAS TREE Bundles The Candy Santa Claus The Tinsel Star The Ambitious Mouse Prayer About the author: John Chipman Farrar (_PHONE_), late of the New York publishing firm of Farrar, Straus and Giroux, attended Yale University where his poem "Portraits" was the Yale University Prize Poem in 1916. After serving during the First World War as an intelligence officer with the U.S. Air Service, Farrar returned to Yale and graduated in 1919. His first book "Forgotten Shrines" was published late that same year as the second volume of the Yale Series of Younger Poets, reprinted in 1971, over half a century later.

 After graduation, Farrar turned to publishing and literary criticism, editing George H. Doran Company's periodical "The Bookman". Between 1927 and 1929, Farrar was editor at Doubleday, Doran and Company. In mid- 1929, he and two sons of the famous mystery writer Mary Robert Rinehart started the publishing firm if Farrar and Rinehart, Inc. His connection with that firm lasted until 1945, although he was absent during the war years assisting in U.S. government psychological war efforts. Farrar and Rinehart was later absorbed by Henry Holt.

 As a young editor in New York, Farrar volunteered in 1922 for the organizing committee of an American chapter of PEN (originally Poets, Essayists and Novelists) founded in England the year before by Sappho (Amy Dawson Scott) to foster support of visiting foreign writers. PEN grew quickly to become an international advocate for freedom of expression and continues its activism to this day. (See _URL_) After the Second World War, the American chapter of PEN foundered for lack of direction. Farrar, co-principal of the newly formed publishing house of Farrar, Straus and Company, now Farrar, Straus and Giroux, stepped in to refocus its energies and recruit dozens of new members. He served as president twice, once from _PHONE_ and again from _PHONE_.

 In his roles as both and editor and a publisher, Farrar had a lasting impact on literature through the years. Farrar, Straus & Giroux has published many Nobel Laureates (20 as of 1995) and dozens of distinguished poets and authors. It is my privilege to reprint this etext of some of his own work for posterity.

 —Stewart A. Levin


merely an act of departure; quit implies a going without intention of return, a final and absolute abandonment.

 Quit, v. i. To go away; to depart; to stop doing a thing; to cease.

 Quitch (kwch), n. 1. (Bot.) Same as Quitch grass.

2. Figuratively: A vice; a taint; an evil.

 To pick the vicious quitch Of blood and custom wholly out of him.

Tennyson.
 Quitch" grass' (kwch" grs'). [Properly quick grass, being probably so called from its vigorous growth, or from its tenacity of life. See Quick, and cf. Couch grass.] (Bot.) A perennial grass (Agropyrum repens) having long running rootstalks, by which it spreads rapidly and pertinaciously, and so becomes a troublesome weed. Also called couch grass, quack grass, quick grass, twitch grass.
 See Illustration in Appendix.

 Quit"claim' (kwt"klm'), n. [Quit, a. + claim.] (Law) A release or relinquishment of a claim; a deed of release; an instrument by which some right, title, interest, or claim, which one person has, or is supposed to have, in or to an estate held by himself or another, is released or relinquished, the grantor generally covenanting only against persons who claim under himself.

 Quit"claim', v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quitclaimed (-klmd'); p. pr. & vb. n. Quitclaiming.] (Law) To release or relinquish a claim to; to release a claim to by deed, without covenants of warranty against adverse and paramount titles.

 Quite (kwt), v. t. & i. See Quit. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Quite (kwt), adv. [F. quitte discharged, free, clear; cf.
 OF. quitement freely, frankly, entirely. See Quit, a.]

1. Completely; wholly; entirely; totally; perfectly; as, the work is not quite done; the object is quite accomplished; to be quite mistaken.

 Man shall not quite be lost, but saved who will.

Milton.
 The same actions may be aimed at different ends, and arise from quite contrary principles.

Spectator.
2. To a great extent or degree; very; very much; considerably. "Quite amusing." Macaulay.
 He really looks quite concerned.

Landor.
 The island stretches along the land and is quite close to it.

Jowett (Thucyd. ).
 Quit"ly (kwt"l), adv. Quite. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Quit"rent' (kwt"rnt'), n. [Quit, a. + rent.] (Law) A rent reserved in grants of land, by the payment of which the tenant is quit from other service. Blackstone.
 In some of the United States a fee-farm rent is so termed. Burrill.
 Quits (kwts), interj. See the Note under Quit, a. Quit"ta*ble (kwt"t*b'l), a. Capable of being quitted.

 Quit"tal (-tal), n. Return; requital; quittance. [Obs.]

 Quit"tance (-tans), n. [OE. quitaunce, OF. quitance, F. quittance. See Quit, v. t.] 1. Discharge from a debt or an obligation; acquittance.

 Omittance is no quittance.

Shak.
2. Recompense; return; repayment. [Obs.] Shak.
 Quit"tance, v. t. To repay; to requite. [Obs.] Shak.
 Quit"ter (-tr), n. 1. One who quits.

2. A deliverer. [Obs.] Ainsworth.
 Quit"tor (-tr), n. [Perhaps for quitture.] (Far.) A chronic abscess, or fistula of the coronet, in a horse's foot, resulting from inflammation of the tissues investing the coffin bone.

 Quit"ture (-tr; 135), n. A discharge; an issue. [Obs.]

 To cleanse the quitture from thy wound.

Chapman.
 Quiv"er (kwv"r), a. [Akin to AS. cwiferlice anxiously; cf.
 OD. kuiven, kuiveren. Cf. Quaver.] Nimble; active. [Obs.] " A little quiver fellow." Shak.
 Quiv"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quivered (-rd); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Quivering.] [Cf. Quaver.] To shake or move with slight and tremulous motion; to tremble; to quake; to shudder; to shiver.

 The green leaves quiver with the cooling wind.

Shak.
 And left the limbs still quivering on the ground.

Addison.
 Quiv"er, n. The act or state of quivering; a tremor.

 Quiv"er, n. [OF. cuivre, cuevre, coivre, LL.
 cucurum, fr. OHG. chohhri quiver, receptacle, G. köcher quiver; akin to AS. cocor, cocur, cocer, D. koker.
 Cf. Cocker a high shoe.] A case or sheath for arrows to be carried on the person.

 Beside him hung his bow And quiver, with three-bolted thunder stored.

Milton.
 Quiv"ered (-rd), a. 1. Furnished with, or carrying, a quiver. "Like a quivered nymph with arrows keen." Milton.
2. Sheathed, as in a quiver. "Whose quills stand quivered at his ear." Pope.
 Quiv"er*ing*ly (-r*ng*l), adv. With quivering motion.

 ||Qui' vive" (k' vv"). [F., fr. qui who + vive, pres. subj.
 of vivre to live.] The challenge of a French sentinel, or patrol; -- used like the English challenge: "Who comes there?"

To be on the qui vive, to be on guard; to be watchful and alert, like a sentinel.

 Quix*ot"ic (kwks*t"k), a. Like Don Quixote; romantic to extravagance; absurdly chivalric; apt to be deluded. "Feats of quixotic gallantry." Prescott.
 Quix*ot"ic*al*ly (-*kal*l), adv. In a quixotic way.

 Quix"ot*ism (kwks"t*z'm), n. That form of delusion which leads to extravagant and absurd undertakings or sacrifices in obedience to a morbidly romantic ideal of duty or honor, as illustrated by the exploits of Don Quixote in knight-errantry.

 Quix"ot*ry (-r), n. Quixotism; visionary schemes.

 Quiz (kwz), n. [It is said that Daly, the manager of a Dublin playhouse, laid a wager that a new word of no meaning should be the common talk and puzzle of the city in twenty-four hours. In consequence of this the letters q u i z were chalked by him on all the walls of Dublin, with an effect that won the wager. Perhaps, however, originally a variant of whiz, and formerly the name of a popular game.] 1. A riddle or obscure question; an enigma; a ridiculous hoax.

2. One who quizzes others; as, he is a great quiz.

3. An odd or absurd fellow. Smart. Thackeray.
4. An exercise, or a course of exercises, conducted as a coaching or as an examination. [Cant, U.S.]

 Quiz (kwz), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quizzed (kwzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Quizzing (-zng).] 1. To puzzle; to banter; to chaff or mock


1027 (return) [ Plin. xxxiv. 18, § 173.]

 1028 (return) [ Ibid. § 159.]

 1029 (return) [ Ibid. xxxiv. 17, § 164.]

 1030 (return) [ Quicksilver is still among the products of the Spanish mines, where its presence is noted by Pliny (H. N. xxxiii. 6, § 99).]

 1031 (return) [ Diod. Sic. v. 36, § 2.]

 1032 (return) [ Ibid. {Kai plagias kai skolias diaduseis poikilos metallourgountes}.]

 1033 (return) [ Pliny says "flint," but this can scarcely have been the material. (See Plin. H. N. xxxiii. 4, § 71.)]

 1034 (return) [ Ibid. § 70.]

 1035 (return) [ Ibid. § 73.]

 1036 (return) [ Diod. Sic. v. 37, § 3.]

 1037 (return) [ Diod. Sic. v. 37, § 3. Compare Strab. iii. 2, § 9.]

 1038 (return) [ Plin. H. N. xxxiii. 4, § 69.]

 1039 (return) [ Ibid.]

 1040 (return) [ Kenrick, Phoenicia, p. 263.]

 1041 (return) [ Diod. Soc. v. 38, § 1.]

 1042 (return) [ Kenrick thinks that the Carthaginians "introduced the practice of working the mines by slave labour" (Phoenicia, l.s.c.); but to me the probability appears to be the other way.]

 1043 (return) [ See Wilkinson, in the author's Herodotus, ii. 504.]

 1044 (return) [ Herod. iii. 96.]

 XI—RELIGION 0111 (return) [ Renan, Histoire des Langues Sémitiques, p. 5.]

 0112 (return) [ Ithobal, father of Jezebel, was High Priest of Ashtoreth (Menand. Ephes. Fr. 1). Amastarte, the mother of Esmunazar II. (Records of the Past, ix. 113) was priestess of the same deity.]

 0113 (return) [ As figures of Melkarth, or Esmun, or dedications to Baal, as lord of the particular city issuing it.]

 0114 (return) [ Herod. iii. 37.]

 0115 (return) [ For the fragments of the work which remain, see the Fragmenta Historicum Græcorum of C. Müller, iii. 561-571. Its value has been much disputed, but seems to the present writer only slight.]

 0116 (return) [ Compare Max Müller, Science of Religion, p. 177 et seqq.]

 0117 (return) [ Gen. xiv. 18-22.]

 0118 (return) [ Philo Bybl. Fr. 1, § 5.]

 0119 (return) [ Records of the Past, iv. 109, 113.]

 1110 (return) [ Gen. vi. 5.]

 1111 (return) [ Ps. cxxxix. 2.]

 1112 (return) [ Max Müller, Chips from a German Workshop, i. 28.]

 1113 (return) [ Philo Bybl. Fr. 1, § 5. Compare the Corpus Ins. Semit. vol. i. p. 29.]

 1114 (return) [ See Renan, Mission de Phénicie, pl. xxxii.; Gesenius, Linguæ Scripturæque Phoeniciæ Monumenta, Tab. xxi.]

 1115 (return) [ 2 Kings xxiii. 5.
 Compare verse 11.]

 1116 (return) [ Gesenius, Monumenta Phoenicia, p. 96.]

 1117 (return) [ Ibid. pp. 276-278.]

 1118 (return) [ See Döllinger's Judenthum und Heidenthum, i. 425; E. T.]

 1119 (return) [ Döllinger, Judenthum und Heidenthum, i. 425, E. T. Compare Gesenius, Mon. Phoen.
 Tab. xxiii.]

 1120 (return) [ Herod. ii. 44; Perrot et Chipiez, Hist. de l'Art, iii. 77.]

 1121 (return) [ Judg. ii. 11; iii. 7; x. 6, &c.]

 1122 (return) [ 2 Kings i. 2.]

 1123 (return) [ Strab. iii. 5, § 5.]

 1124 (return) [ Perrot et Chipiez, Hist.
 de l'Art, iv. 113.]

 1125 (return) [ 2 Kings iii. 2.]

 1126 (return) [ See the representation in Perrot et Chipiez, Hist. de l'Art, iii. 73.]

 1127 (return) [ Döllinger, Judenthum und Heidenthum, i. 427.]

 1128 (return) [ Perrot et Chipiez, iii. 77.]

 1129 (return) [ Gen. xiv. 5.]

 1130 (return) [ Perrot et Chipiez, iii. 419, 450, 555, &c.]

 1131 (return) [ Ibid. p. 554.]

 1132 (return) [ Curtius, in the Archäologische Zeitung for 1869, p. 63.]

 1133 (return) [ Kenrick, Phoenicia, p. 303.]

 1134 (return) [ Menand. Ephes. Fr.
 1.]

 1135 (return) [ See Philo Bybl. Fe.
 ii. 8, § 14; {'Ilon ton kai Kronon}. Damascius ap. Phot. Bibl. p.
 1050.]

 1136 (return) [ Philo. Bybl. Fr. ii.
 8, § 17.]

 1137 (return) [ Diod. Sic. xx. 14.]

 1138 (return) [ Philo Bybl. Fr. ii.
 8, § 25.]

 1139 (return) [ Ibid. Fr. iv.]

 1140 (return) [ Ibid. Fr. ii. 8, § 14-19.]

 1141 (return) [ Karth or Kartha, is probably the root of Carthage, Carthagena, Carteia, &c., as Kiriath is of Kiriathaim, Kiriath-arba, Kiriath-arim, &c.]

 1142 (return) [ Melicertes is the son of Demaroüs and the grandson of Uranus; Baal-samin is a god who stands alone, "without father, without mother, without descent."] 1143 (return) [ See Perrot et Chipiez, Hist. de l'Art, iii. 567, 577


haruspex.] A diviner of ancient Rome. Same as Aruspice.

 Ha*rus"pi*cy (-p*s), n. The art or practices of haruspices. See Aruspicy.

 Har"vest (här"vst), n. [OE. harvest, hervest, AS. hærfest autumn; akin to LG. harfst, D. herfst, OHG. herbist, G. herbst, and prob. to L. carpere to pluck, Gr. karpo's fruit. Cf. Carpet.] 1. The gathering of a crop of any kind; the ingathering of the crops; also, the season of gathering grain and fruits, late summer or early autumn.

 Seedtime and harvest... shall not cease.

Gen. viii. 22.
 At harvest, when corn is ripe.

Tyndale.
2. That which is reaped or ready to be reaped or gathered; a crop, as of grain (wheat, maize, etc.), or fruit.

 Put ye in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe.

Joel iii. 13.
 To glean the broken ears after the man That the main harvest reaps.

Shak.
3. The product or result of any exertion or labor; gain; reward.

 The pope's principal harvest was in the jubilee.

Fuller.
 The harvest of a quiet eye.

Wordsworth.
Harvest fish (Zoöl.), a marine fish of the Southern United States (Stromateus alepidotus); -- called whiting in Virginia. Also applied to the dollar fish. -- Harvest fly (Zoöl.), an hemipterous insect of the genus Cicada, often called locust.
 See Cicada. -- Harvest lord, the head reaper at a harvest. [Obs.]
 Tusser. -- Harvest mite (Zoöl.), a minute European mite (Leptus autumnalis), of a bright crimson color, which is troublesome by penetrating the skin of man and domestic animals; -- called also harvest louse, and harvest bug. -- Harvest moon, the moon near the full at the time of harvest in England, or about the autumnal equinox, when, by reason of the small angle that is made by the moon's orbit with the horizon, it rises nearly at the same hour for several days. -- Harvest mouse (Zoöl.), a very small European field mouse (Mus minutus). It builds a globular nest on the stems of wheat and other plants. -- Harvest queen, an image representing Ceres, formerly carried about on the last day of harvest. Milton.
 -- Harvest spider. (Zoöl.) See Daddy longlegs.

 Har"vest, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harvested; p. pr. & vb. n. Harvesting.] To reap or gather, as any crop.

 Har"vest*er (-r), n. 1. One who harvests; a machine for cutting and gathering grain; a reaper.

2. (Zoöl.) A harvesting ant.

 Har"vest-home" (-hm), n. 1. The gathering and bringing home of the harvest; the time of harvest.

 Showed like a stubble land at harvesthome.

Shak.
2. The song sung by reapers at the feast made at the close of the harvest; the feast itself. Dryden.
3. A service of thanksgiving, at harvest time, in the Church of England and in the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States.

4. The opportunity of gathering treasure. Shak.
 Har"vest*ing, a. & n., from Harvest, v. t. Harvesting ant (Zoöl.), any species of ant which gathers and stores up seeds for food. Many species are known.

 The species found in Southern Europe and Palestine are Aphenogaster structor and A. barbara; that of Texas, called agricultural ant, is Pogonomyrmex barbatus or Myrmica molifaciens; that of Florida is P. crudelis. See Agricultural ant, under Agricultural.

 Har"vest*less, a. Without harvest; lacking in crops; barren. "Harvestless autumns." Tennyson.
 Har"vest*man (-man), n.; pl. Harvestmen (-men).
 1. A man engaged in harvesting. Shak.
2. (Zoöl.) See Daddy longlegs, 1.

 Har"vest*ry (-r), n. The act of harvesting; also, that which is harvested. Swinburne.
 Har"y (hr"), v. t. [Cf. OF. harier to harass, or E. harry, v. t.] To draw; to drag; to carry off by violence. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Has (hz), 3d pers. sing. pres. of Have.

 Has"ard (-rd), n. Hazard. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Hase (hz), v. t. [Obs.] See Haze, v. t. Hash (hsh), n. [Formerly hachey, hachee, F. hachis, fr. hacher to hash; of German origin; cf. G. hippe sickle, OHG. hippa, for happia. Cf. Hatchet.] 1. That which is hashed or chopped up; meat and vegetables, especially such as have been already cooked, chopped into small pieces and mixed.

2. A new mixture of old matter; a second preparation or exhibition.

 I can not bear elections, and still less the hash of them over again in a first session.

Walpole.
 Hash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hashed (hsht); p. pr. & vb. n. Hashing.] [From Hash, n.: cf. F. hacher to hash.]
 To chop into small pieces; to mince and mix; as, to hash meat. Hudibras.
 { Hash"eesh Hash"ish } (hsh"sh), n. [Ar. hashsh.] A slightly acrid gum resin produced by the common hemp (Cannabis sativa), of the variety Indica, when cultivated in a warm climate; also, the tops of the plant, from which the resinous product is obtained. It is narcotic, and has long been used in the East for its intoxicating effect.
 See Bhang, and Ganja.

 Hask (hsk), n. [See Hassock.] A basket made of rushes or flags, as for carrying fish. [Obs.] Spenser.
 Has"let (hs"lt), n. [F. hâtelettes broil, for hastelettes, fr. F. haste spit; cf. L. hasta spear, and also OHG. harst gridiron.] The edible viscera, as the heart, liver, etc., of a beast, esp.
 of a hog. [Written also harslet.]

 Hasp (hsp), n. [OE. hasp, hesp, AS. hæpse; akin to G. haspe, häspe, Sw. & Dan. haspe, Icel. hespa.]

1. A clasp, especially a metal strap permanently fast at one end to a staple or pin, while the other passes over a staple, and is fastened by a padlock or a pin; also, a metallic hook for fastening a door.

2. A spindle to wind yarn, thread, or silk on.

3. An instrument for cutting the surface of grass land; a scarifier.

 Hasp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hasped (hspt); p. pr. & vb. n. Hasping.] [AS. hæpsian.] To shut or fasten with a hasp.

 Has"sock (hs"sk), n. [Scot. hassock, hassik, a besom, anything bushy, a large, round turf used as a seat, OE. hassok sedgy ground, W. hesgog sedgy, hesg sedge, rushes; cf. Ir


), n. [L., from stridere to make any harsh, grating, or creaking sound.] A harsh, shrill, or creaking noise. Dryden.
 Strid"u*late (?), v. t. [See Stridulous.] To make a shrill, creaking noise; specifically (Zoöl.), to make a shrill or musical sound, such as is made by the males of many insects.

 Strid'u*la"tion (?), n. The act of stridulating. Specifically: (Zoöl.)
(a) The act of making shrill sounds or musical notes by rubbing together certain hard parts, as is done by the males of many insects, especially by Orthoptera, such as crickets, grasshoppers, and locusts. (b) The noise itself.

 The crickets stridulate by rubbing together the strong nervures of the fore wings. Many grasshoppers stridulate by rubbing the hind legs across strong nervures on the fore wings. The green grasshoppers and katydids stridulate by means of special organs at the base of the fore wings.

 Strid"u*la'tor (?), n. [NL.] That which stridulates. Darwin.
 Strid"u*la*to*ry (?), a. Stridulous; able to stridulate; used in stridulating; adapted for stridulation. Darwin.
 Strid"u*lous (?), a. [L. stridulus. See Strident.] Making a shrill, creaking sound. Sir T. Browne.
 The Sarmatian boor driving his stridulous cart.

Longfellow.
Stridulous laryngitis (Med.), a form of croup, or laryngitis, in children, associated with dyspnœa, occurring usually at night, and marked by crowing or stridulous breathing.

 Strife (?), n. [OF. estrif. See Strive.] 1. The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [Archaic] Shak.
2. Exertion or contention for superiority; contest of emulation, either by intellectual or physical efforts.

 Doting about questions and strifes of words.

1 Tim. vi. 4.
 Thus gods contended -- noble strife - Who most should ease the wants of life.

Congreve.
3. Altercation; violent contention; fight; battle.

 Twenty of them fought in this black strife.

Shak.
 These vows, thus granted, raised a strife above Betwixt the god of war and queen of love.

Dryden.
4. That which is contended against; occasion of contest. [Obs.]
 "Lamenting her unlucky strife." Spenser.
Syn. -- Contest; struggle; quarrel. See Contention.

 Strife"ful (?), a. Contentious; discordant.

 The ape was strifeful and ambitious.

Spenser.
 Stri"gate (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having transverse bands of color.

 ||Stri"ges (?), n. pl. [L., pl. of strix a streech owl; cf.
 Gr. &?; a screaming night bird.] (Zoöl.) The tribe of birds which comprises the owls.

 Strig"il (?), n. [L. strigilis, from stringere to graze, scrape.] (Gr. & Rom. Antiq.) An instrument of metal, ivory, etc., used for scraping the skin at the bath.

 Strig"il*lose' (?), a. [Dim. fr. strigose.] (Bot.)
 Set with stiff, slender bristles.

 Stri"gine (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to owls; owl-like.

 Strig"ment (?), n. [L. strigmentum.] Scraping; that which is scraped off. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
 Stri*gose" (?), a. [Cf. F. strigueux. See Strigil.] (Bot.)
 Set with stiff, straight bristles; hispid; as, a strigose leaf.

 Stri"gous (?), a. (Bot.) Strigose. [R.]

 Strike (?), v. t. [imp. Struck (?); p. p. Struck, Stricken (&?;) (Stroock (&?;), Strucken (&?;), Obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Striking. Struck is more commonly used in the p. p. than stricken.] [OE. striken to strike, proceed, flow, AS. strcan to go, proceed, akin to D. strijken to rub, stroke, strike, to move, go, G. streichen, OHG. strhhan, L. stringere to touch lightly, to graze, to strip off (but perhaps not to L. stringere in sense to draw tight), striga a row, a furrow. Cf. Streak, Stroke.] 1. To touch or hit with some force, either with the hand or with an instrument; to smite; to give a blow to, either with the hand or with any instrument or missile.

 He at Philippi kept His sword e'en like a dancer; while I struck The lean and wrinkled Cassius.

Shak.
2. To come in collision with; to strike against; as, a bullet struck him; the wave struck the boat amidships; the ship struck a reef.

3. To give, as a blow; to impel, as with a blow; to give a force to; to dash; to cast.

 They shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two sideposts.

Ex. xii. 7.
 Who would be free, themselves must strike the blow.

Byron.
4. To stamp or impress with a stroke; to coin; as, to strike coin from metal: to strike dollars at the mint.

5. To thrust in; to cause to enter or penetrate; to set in the earth; as, a tree strikes its roots deep.

6. To punish; to afflict; to smite.

 To punish the just is not good, nor strike princes for equity.

Prov. xvii. 26.
7. To cause to sound by one or more beats; to indicate or notify by audible strokes; as, the clock strikes twelve; the drums strike up a march.

8. To lower; to let or take down; to remove; as, to strike sail; to strike a flag or an ensign, as in token of surrender; to strike a yard or a topmast in a gale; to strike a tent; to strike the centering of an arch.

9. To make a sudden impression upon, as by a blow; to affect sensibly with some strong emotion; as, to strike the mind, with surprise; to strike one with wonder, alarm, dread, or horror.

 Nice works of art strike and surprise us most on the first view.

Atterbury.
 They please as beauties, here as wonders strike.

Pope.
10. To affect in some particular manner by a sudden impression or impulse; as, the plan proposed strikes me favorably; to strike one dead or blind.

 How often has stricken you dumb with his irony!

Landor.
11. To cause or produce by a stroke, or suddenly, as by a stroke; as, to strike a light.

 Waving wide her myrtle wand, She strikes a universal peace through sea and land.

Milton.
12. To cause to ignite; as, to strike a match.

13. To make and ratify; as, to strike a bargain.

 Probably borrowed from the L. fœdus ferrire, to strike a compact, so called because an animal was struck and killed as a sacrifice on such occasions.

14. To take forcibly or fraudulently; as, to strike money.
 [Old Slang] 15. To level, as a measure of grain, salt, or the like, by scraping off with a straight instrument what is above the level of the top.

16. (Masonry) To cut off, as a mortar joint, even with the face of the wall, or inward at a slight angle.

17. To hit upon, or light upon, suddenly; as,


to arrest; as, to catch a thief.
 "They pursued... and caught him." Judg. i. 6.
3. To take captive, as in a snare or net, or on a hook; as, to catch a bird or fish.

4. Hence: To insnare; to entangle. "To catch him in his words". Mark xii. 13.
5. To seize with the senses or the mind; to apprehend; as, to catch a melody. "Fiery thoughts... whereof I catch the issue." Tennyson.
6. To communicate to; to fasten upon; as, the fire caught the adjoining building.

7. To engage and attach; to please; to charm.

 The soothing arts that catch the fair. Dryden.
8. To get possession of; to attain.

 Torment myself to catch the English throne. Shak.
9. To take or receive; esp. to take by sympathy, contagion, infection, or exposure; as, to catch the spirit of an occasion; to catch the measles or smallpox; to catch cold; the house caught fire.

10. To come upon unexpectedly or by surprise; to find; as, to catch one in the act of stealing.

11. To reach in time; to come up with; as, to catch a train.

To catch fire, to become inflamed or ignited. -- to catch it to get a scolding or beating; to suffer punishment. [Colloq.] -- To catch one's eye, to interrupt captiously while speaking. [Colloq.]
 "You catch me up so very short." Dickens. -- To catch up, to snatch; to take up suddenly.

 Catch (?), v. i. 1. To attain possession. [Obs.]

 Have is have, however men do catch. Shak.
2. To be held or impeded by entanglement or a light obstruction; as, a kite catches in a tree; a door catches so as not to open.

3. To take hold; as, the bolt does not catch.

4. To spread by, or as by, infecting; to communicate.

 Does the sedition catch from man to man? Addison.
To catch at, to attempt to seize; to be eager to get or use. "[To] catch at all opportunities of subverting the state." Addison.
 -- To catch up with, to come up with; to overtake.

 Catch, n. 1. Act of seizing; a grasp. Sir P. Sidney.
2. That by which anything is caught or temporarily fastened; as, the catch of a gate.

3. The posture of seizing; a state of preparation to lay hold of, or of watching he opportunity to seize; as, to lie on the catch.
 [Archaic] Addison.
 The common and the canon law... lie at catch, and wait advantages one againt another. T. Fuller.
4. That which is caught or taken; profit; gain; especially, the whole quantity caught or taken at one time; as, a good catch of fish.

 Hector shall have a great catch if he knock out either of your brains. Shak.
5. Something desirable to be caught, esp. a husband or wife in matrimony. [Colloq.] Marryat.
6. pl. Passing opportunities seized; snatches.

 It has been writ by catches with many intervals. Locke.
7. A slight remembrance; a trace.

 We retain a catch of those pretty stories. Glanvill.
8. (Mus.) A humorous canon or round, so contrived that the singers catch up each other's words.

 Catch"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being caught. [R.]

 Catch"-ba'sin (?), n. A cistern or vault at the point where a street gutter discharges into a sewer, to catch bulky matters which would not pass readily through the sewer. Knight.
 Catch"drain' (?), n. A ditch or drain along the side of a hill to catch the surface water; also, a ditch at the side of a canal to catch the surplus water.

 Catch"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, catches.

2. (Baseball) The player who stands behind the batsman to catch the ball.

 Catch"fly (?), n. (Bot.) A plant with the joints of the stem, and sometimes other parts, covered with a viscid secretion to which small insects adhere. The species of Silene are examples of the catchfly.

 Catch"ing a. 1. Infectious; contagious.

2. Captivating; alluring.

 Catch"ing, n. The act of seizing or taking hold of.

Catching bargain (Law), a bargain made with an heir expectant for the purchase of his expectancy at an inadequate price. Bouvier.
 Catch"-mead'ow (?), n. A meadow irrigated by water from a spring or rivulet on the side of hill.

 Catch"ment (?), n. A surface of ground on which water may be caught and collected into a reservoir.

 Catch"pen*ny (?), a. Made or contrived for getting small sums of money from the ignorant or unwary; as, a catchpenny book; a catchpenny show. -- n. Some worthless catchpenny thing.

 Catch"poll' (?), n. [OF. chacepol, chacipol.] A bailiff's assistant.

 { Catch"up (?), Cat"sup (?) }, n. [Probably of East Indian origin, because it was originally a kind of East Indian pickles.] A table sauce made from mushrooms, tomatoes, walnuts, etc. [Written also ketchup.]

 Catch"wa'ter (?), n. A ditch or drain for catching water. See Catchdrain.

 Catch"weed' (?), n. (Bot.) See Cleavers.

 Catch"weight' (?), adv. (Horseracing) Without any additional weight; without being handicapped; as, to ride catchweight.

 Catch"word' (?), n. 1. Among theatrical performers, the last word of the preceding speaker, which reminds one that he is to speak next; cue.

2. (Print.) The first word of any page of a book after the first, inserted at the right hand bottom corner of the preceding page for the assistance of the reader. It is seldom used in modern printing.

3. A word or phrase caught up and repeated for effect; as, the catchword of a political party, etc.

 Catch"work' (?), n. A work or artificial water-course for throwing water on lands that lie on the slopes of hills; a catchdrain.

 Cate (?), n. Food. [Obs.] See Cates.

 { Cat'e*chet"ic (?), Cat'e*chet"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;. See Catechise.] Relating to or consisting in, asking questions and receiving answers, according to the ancient manner of teaching.

 Socrates introduced a catechetical method of arguing. Addison.
 Cat'e*chet"ic*al*ly, adv. In a catechetical manner; by question and answer.

 Cat'e*chet"ics (?), n. The science or practice of instructing by questions and answers.

 Cat"e*chin (?), n. (Chem.) One of the tannic acids, extracted from catechu as a white, crystalline substance; -- called also catechuic acid, and catechuin.

 Cat'e*chi*sa"tion (?), n. [LL. catechizatio.] The act of catechising.

 Cat"e*chise (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Catechised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Catechising.] [L. catechizare, Gr. &?;, equiv. to &?; to resound, sound a thing into one's ears, impress it upon one by word of mouth; &?; + &?; to sound, &?; a sound.]


an assemblage. [Obs.]

 He was in a core of people. Bacon.
 Core, n. [Cf. Chore.] (Mining.) A miner's underground working time or shift. Raymond.
 The twenty-four hours are divided into three or four cores.

 Core, n. [Heb. kr: cf. Gr. ko'ros.] A Hebrew dry measure; a cor or homer. Num. xi. 32 (Douay version).
 Core, n. [OF. cor, coer, cuer, F. cœur, fr. L. cor heart. See Heart.] 1. The heart or inner part of a thing, as of a column, wall, rope, of a boil, etc.; especially, the central part of fruit, containing the kernels or seeds; as, the core of an apple or quince.

 A fever at the core, Fatal to him who bears, to all who ever bore. Byron.
2. The center or inner part, as of an open space; as, the core of a square. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.
3. The most important part of a thing; the essence; as, the core of a subject.

4. (Founding) The portion of a mold which shapes the interior of a cylinder, tube, or other hollow casting, or which makes a hole in or through a casting; a part of the mold, made separate from and inserted in it, for shaping some part of the casting, the form of which is not determined by that of the pattern.

5. A disorder of sheep occasioned by worms in the liver. [Prov.
 Eng.] Halliwell.
6. (Anat.) The bony process which forms the central axis of the horns in many animals.

Core box (Founding), a box or mold, usually divisible, in which cores are molded. -- Core print (Founding), a projecting piece on a pattern which forms, in the mold, an impression for holding in place or steadying a core.

 Core, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cord (krd); p. pr. & vb. n. Coring.] 1. To take out the core or inward parts of; as, to core an apple.

 He's like a corn upon my great toe... he must be cored out.
Marston.
2. To form by means of a core, as a hole in a casting.

 Co-re"gent (k?-r?"jent), n. A joint regent or ruler.

 Co'-re*la"tion (k?'r?-l?"sh?n), n. Corresponding relation.

 Co'-re*li"gion*ist (-l?j"?n-?st), n. One of the same religion with another.

 ||Co're*op"sis (k?'r?-?p"s?s), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?; bug + &?;&?;&?; appearance.] (Bot.) A genus of herbaceous composite plants, having the achenes two-horned and remotely resembling some insect; tickseed. C. tinctoria, of the Western plains, the commonest plant of the genus, has been used in dyeing.

 Cor"er (k?rr"?rr), n. That which cores; an instrument for coring fruit; as, an apple corer.

 Co'-re*spond"ent (k?'rr?-sp?nd"ent), n. (Law) One who is called upon to answer a summons or other proceeding jointly with another.

 Corf (kôrf), n.; pl. Corves (kôrvz). [Cf.
 LG. & D. korf basket, G. korb, fr. L. corbis.] 1.
 A basket.

2. (Mining) (a) A large basket used in carrying or hoisting coal or ore. (b) A wooden frame, sled, or low-wheeled wagon, to convey coal or ore in the mines.

 { Cor"fi*ote (kôr"f?-?t), Cor"fute (k?r"f?t), } n. A native or inhabitant of Corfu, an island in the Mediterranean Sea.

 Co'ri*a"ceous (k?'r?-?"sh?s), a. [L. coriaceous, fr. corium leather. See Cuirass.] 1. Consisting of or resembling, leather; leatherlike; tough.

2. (Bot.) Stiff, like leather or parchment.

 Co'ri*an"der (k?'r?-?n"d?r), n. [L. coriandrum, fr. Gr.
 &?;&?;&?;&?;, &?;&?;&?;&?;, perh. fr.
 &?;&?;&?; bug, on account of the buglike or fetid smell of its leaves: cf. F. coriandre.] (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant, the Coriandrum sativum, the fruit or seeds of which have a strong smell and a spicy taste, and in medicine are considered as stomachic and carminative.

 Co"ri*dine (k?"r?-d?n; 104), n. [From L. cortium leather.] A colorless or yellowish oil, C10H15N, of a leathery odor, occuring in coal tar, Dippel's oil, tobacco smoke, etc., regarded as an organic base, homologous with pyridine. Also, one of a series of metameric compounds of which coridine is a type. [Written also corindine.]

 Co*rin"don (k?-r?n"d?n), n. (Min.) See Corrundum.

 ||Co'rinne" (k?'r?n"), n. (Zoöl.) The common gazelle (Gazella dorcas). See Gazelle. [Written also korin.]

 Cor"inth (k?r"?nth), n. [L. Corinthus, Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;.
 Cf. Currant.] 1. A city of Greece, famed for its luxury and extravagance.

2. A small fruit; a currant. [Obs.] Broome.
 Co*rin"thi*ac (k?-r?n"th?-?k), a. [L. Corinthiacus.]
 Pertaining to Corinth.

 Co*rin"thi*an (-an), a. 1. Of or relating to Corinth.

2. (Arch.) Of or pertaining to the Corinthian order of architecture, invented by the Greeks, but more commonly used by the Romans.

 This is the lightest and most ornamental of the three orders used by the Greeks. Parker.
3. Debauched in character or practice; impure. Milton.
4. Of or pertaining to an amateur sailor or yachtsman; as, a corinthian race (one in which the contesting yachts must be manned by amateurs.)

 Co*rin"thi*an, n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Corinth.

2. A gay, licentious person. [Obs.]

 ||Co"ri*um (k?"r?-?m), n. [L. corium leather.] 1.
 Armor made of leather, particularly that used by the Romans; used also by Enlish soldiers till the reign of Edward I. Fosbroke.
2. (Anat.) (a) Same as Dermis. (b) The deep layer of mucous membranes beneath the epithelium.

 Co*ri"val (k*r"val), n. A rival; a corrival.

 Co*ri"val, v. t. To rival; to pretend to equal. Shak.
 { Co*ri"val*ry, Co*ri"val*ship }, n. Joint rivalry.

 Cork (kôrk), n. [Cf. G., Dan., & Sw. kork, D. kurk; all fr. Sp. corcho, fr. L. cortex, corticis, bark, rind. Cf. Cortex.] 1. The


taken by Roman soldiers; hence, a sacred ceremony used to impress an obligation; a solemn oath-taking; an oath. [Obs.]

 I'll take the sacrament on't.

Shak.
2. The pledge or token of an oath or solemn covenant; a sacred thing; a mystery. [Obs.]

 God sometimes sent a light of fire, and pillar of a cloud... and the sacrament of a rainbow, to guide his people through their portion of sorrows.

Jer. Taylor.
3. (Theol.) One of the solemn religious ordinances enjoined by Christ, the head of the Christian church, to be observed by his followers; hence, specifically, the eucharist; the Lord's Supper.

Syn. -- Sacrament, Eucharist. -- Protestants apply the term sacrament to baptism and the Lord's Supper, especially the latter. The R. Cath. and Greek churches have five other sacraments, viz., confirmation, penance, holy orders, matrimony, and extreme unction. As sacrament denotes an oath or vow, the word has been applied by way of emphasis to the Lord's Supper, where the most sacred vows are renewed by the Christian in commemorating the death of his Redeemer. Eucharist denotes the giving of thanks; and this term also has been applied to the same ordinance, as expressing the grateful remembrance of Christ's sufferings and death.
 "Some receive the sacrament as a means to procure great graces and blessings; others as an eucharist and an office of thanksgiving for what they have received." Jer. Taylor.
 Sac"ra*ment (?), v. t. To bind by an oath. [Obs.] Laud.
 Sac'ra*men"tal (?), a. [L. sacramentalis: cf. F. sacramental, sacramentel.] 1. Of or pertaining to a sacrament or the sacraments; of the nature of a sacrament; sacredly or solemnly binding; as, sacramental rites or elements.

2. Bound by a sacrament.

 The sacramental host of God's elect.

Cowper.
 Sac'ra*men"tal, n. That which relates to a sacrament. Bp.
 Morton.
 Sac'ra*men"tal*ism (?), n. The doctrine and use of sacraments; attachment of excessive importance to sacraments.

 Sac'ra*men"tal*ist, n. One who holds the doctrine of the real objective presence of Christ's body and blood in the holy eucharist. Shipley.
 Sac'ra*men"tal*ly, adv. In a sacramental manner.

 Sac'ra*men*ta"ri*an (?), n. [LL. sacramentarius: cf. F. sacramentaire.]
 1. (Eccl.) A name given in the sixteenth century to those German reformers who rejected both the Roman and the Lutheran doctrine of the holy eucharist.

2. One who holds extreme opinions regarding the efficacy of sacraments.

 Sac'ra*men*ta"ri*an, a. 1. Of or pertaining a sacrament, or to the sacramentals; sacramental.

2. Of or pertaining to the Sacramentarians.

 Sac'ra*men"ta*ry (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to a sacrament or the sacraments; sacramental.

2. Of or pertaining to the Sacramentarians.

 Sac'ra*men"ta*ry, n.; pl. -ries (#). [LL. sacramentarium: cf. F. sacramentaire.] 1. An ancient book of the Roman Catholic Church, written by Pope Gelasius, and revised, corrected, and abridged by St. Gregory, in which were contained the rites for Mass, the sacraments, the dedication of churches, and other ceremonies. There are several ancient books of the same kind in France and Germany.

2. Same as Sacramentarian, n., 1.

 Papists, Anabaptists, and Sacramentaries.

Jer. Taylor.
 Sac"ra*ment*ize (?), v. i. To administer the sacraments. [R.]

 Both to preach and sacramentize.

Fuller.
 ||Sa*cra"ri*um (?), n.; pl. -ria (#). [L., fr. sacer sacred.] 1. A sort of family chapel in the houses of the Romans, devoted to a special divinity.

2. The adytum of a temple. Gwilt.
3. In a Christian church, the sanctuary.

 Sa"crate (?), v. t. [L. sacratus, p. p. of sacrare.
 See Sacred.] To consecrate. [Obs.]

 Sa*cra"tion (?), n. Consecration. [Obs.]

 Sa"cre (?), n. See Saker.

 Sa"cre, v. t. [F. sacrer. See Sacred.] To consecrate; to make sacred. [Obs.] Holland.
 Sa"cred (?), a. [Originally p. p. of OE. sacren to consecrate, F. sacrer, fr. L. sacrare, fr. sacer sacred, holy, cursed. Cf. Consecrate, Execrate, Saint, Sexton.] 1.
 Set apart by solemn religious ceremony; especially, in a good sense, made holy; set apart to religious use; consecrated; not profane or common; as, a sacred place; a sacred day; sacred service.

2. Relating to religion, or to the services of religion; not secular; religious; as, sacred history.

 Smit with the love of sacred song.

Milton.
3. Designated or exalted by a divine sanction; possessing the highest title to obedience, honor, reverence, or veneration; entitled to extreme reverence; venerable.

 Such neighbor nearness to our sacred [royal] blood Should nothing privilege him.

Shak.
 Poet and saint to thee alone were given, The two most sacred names of earth and heaven.

Cowley.
4. Hence, not to be profaned or violated; inviolable.

 Secrets of marriage still are sacred held.

Dryden.
5. Consecrated; dedicated; devoted; -- with to.

 A temple, sacred to the queen of love.

Dryden.
6. Solemnly devoted, in a bad sense, as to evil, vengeance, curse, or the like; accursed; baleful. [Archaic] But, to destruction sacred and devote.

Milton.
 Society of the Sacred Heart (R.C. Ch.), a religious order of women, founded in France in 1800, and approved in 1826. It was introduced into America in 1817. The members of the order devote themselves to the higher branches of female education. -- Sacred baboon. (Zoöl.)
 See Hamadryas. -- Sacred bean (Bot.), a seed of the Oriental lotus (Nelumbo speciosa or Nelumbium speciosum), a plant resembling a water lily; also, the plant itself. See Lotus. -- Sacred beetle (Zoöl.) See Scarab. -- Sacred canon. See Canon, n., 3. - - Sacred fish (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of fresh-water African fishes of the family Mormyridæ.
 Several large species inhabit the Nile and were considered sacred by the ancient Egyptians; especially Mormyrus oxyrhynchus. -- Sacred ibis. See Ibis. -- Sacred monkey. (Zoöl.) (a) Any Asiatic monkey of the genus Semnopithecus, regarded as sacred by the Hindoos; especially, the entellus. See Entellus. (b) The sacred baboon. See Hamadryas. (c) The bhunder, or rhesus monkey. -- Sacred place (Civil Law), the place where a deceased person is buried.

Syn. -- Holy; divine; hallowed; consecrated; dedicated; devoted; religious; venerable; reverend.

 -- Sa"cred*ly (#), adv. -- Sa"cred*ness, n.
 { Sacrif"ic (?), Sa*crif"ic*al (?) }, a. [L. sacrificus, sacrificalis.
 See Sacrifice.] Employed