carmine. -- Diamond groove (Iron Working), a groove of V-section in a roll. -- Diamond mortar (Chem.), a small steel mortar used for pulverizing hard substances. - - Diamond-point tool, a cutting tool whose point is diamond-shaped. -- Diamond snake (Zoöl.), a harmless snake of Australia (Morelia spilotes); the carpet snake. -- Glazier's diamond, a small diamond set in a glazier's tool, for cutting glass.

 Di"a*mond (?; 277), a. Resembling a diamond; made of, or abounding in, diamonds; as, a diamond chain; a diamond field.

 Di"a*mond-back' (?), n. (Zoöl.) The salt-marsh terrapin of the Atlantic coast (Malacoclemmys palustris).

 Di"a*mond*ed, a. 1. Having figures like a diamond or lozenge.

2. Adorned with diamonds; diamondized. Emerson.
 Di"a*mond*ize (?), v. t. To set with diamonds; to adorn; to enrich.
 [R.]

Diamondizing of your subject.

B. Jonson.
 Di"a*mond-shaped' (?), a. Shaped like a diamond or rhombus.

 Di*am"y*lene (?), n. [Pref. di- + amylene.] (Chem.)
 A liquid hydrocarbon, C10H20, of the ethylene series, regarded as a polymeric form of amylene.

 Di"an (?), a. Diana. [Poetic] Di*a"na (?), n. [L. Diana.] (Myth.) The daughter of Jupiter and Latona; a virgin goddess who presided over hunting, chastity, and marriage; -- identified with the Greek goddess Artemis.

 And chaste Diana haunts the forest shade.

Pope.
Diana monkey (Zoöl.), a handsome, white-bearded monkey of West Africa (Cercopithecus Diana).

 ||Di*an"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. di- = di's- twice + &?;, &?;, a man, a male.] (Bot.) A Linnæan class of plants having two stamens.

 Di*an"dri*an (?), a. Diandrous.

 Di*an"drous (?), n. [Cf. F. diandre.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to the class Diandria; having two stamens.

 ||Di*a"ni*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Diana; either as the name of the Roman goddess, or from its use in OE. as a name of silver.] (Chem.)
 Same as Columbium. [Obs.]

 Di'a*no*et"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;; dia' through + &?; to revolve in the mind.] (Metaph.) Pertaining to the discursive faculty, its acts or products.

 I would employ... dianoetic to denote the operation of the discursive, elaborative, or comparative faculty.

Sir W. Hamilton.
 Di'a*noi*al"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; thought + -logy.] The science of the dianoetic faculties, and their operations. Sir W. Hamilton.
 Di*an"thus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, gen. &?;, Zeus + 'a'nqos flower.] (Bot.) A genus of plants containing some of the most popular of cultivated flowers, including the pink, carnation, and Sweet William.

 Di"a*pase (?), n. Same as Diapason. [Obs.]

 A tuneful diapase of pleasures.

Spenser.
 Di"a*pasm (?), n. [L. diapasma, Gr. &?;, fr. &?;; dia' through + &?; to sprinkle: cf. F. diapasme.] Powdered aromatic herbs, sometimes made into little balls and strung together.
 [Obs.]

 Di'a*pa"son (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. diapasw^n (i. e., "h dia' pasw^n chordw^n symfoni'a the concord of the first and last notes, the octave); dia' through + pasw^n, gen. pl. of pa^s all: cf. F. diapason.
 Cf. Panacea.] 1. (Gr. Mus.) The octave, or interval which includes all the tones of the diatonic scale.

2. Concord, as of notes an octave apart; harmony.

 The fair music that all creatures made... In perfect diapason.

Milton.
3. The entire compass of tones.

 Through all the compass of the notes it ran, The diapason closing full in man.

Dryden.
4. A standard of pitch; a tuning fork; as, the French normal diapason.

5. One of certain stops in the organ, so called because they extend through the scale of the instrument. They are of several kinds, as open diapason, stopped diapason, double diapason, and the like.

 ||Di'a*pe*de"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a leaping or oozing through, fr. &?; to leap through; dia' through + &?; to leap.] (Med.)
 The passage of the corpuscular elements of the blood from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissues, without rupture of the walls of the blood vessels.

 ||Di'a*pen"te (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; a fifth; dia' through + &?; five: cf. F. diapente.] 1. (Anc. Mus.) The interval of the fifth.

2. (Med.) A composition of five ingredients.

 Di"a*per (?), n. [OF. diaspre, diapre, diaspe, sort of figured cloth, It. diaspro jasper, diaspo figured cloth, from L. jaspis a green-colored precious stone. See Jasper.]
 1. Any textile fabric (esp. linen or cotton toweling) woven in diaper pattern. See 2.

2. (Fine Arts) Surface decoration of any sort which consists of the constant repetition of one or more simple figures or units of design evenly spaced.

 3. A towel or napkin for wiping the hands, etc.

 Let one attend him with a silver basin,... Another bear the ewer, the third a diaper.

Shak.
4. An infant's breechcloth.

 Di"a*per (?), v. t. 1. To ornament with figures, etc., arranged in the pattern called diaper, as cloth in weaving. "Diapered light." H. Van Laun.
 Engarlanded and diapered With in wrought flowers.

Tennyson.
2. To put a diaper on (a child).

 Di"a*per, v. i. To draw flowers or figures, as upon cloth. "If you diaper on folds." Peacham.
 Di"a*per*ing, n. Same as Diaper, n., 2.

 Di"a*phane (?), n. [Cf. F. diaphane diaphanous. See Diaphanous.] A woven silk stuff with transparent and colored figures; diaper work.

 Di"a*phaned (?), a. [Cf. OF. diaphaner to make transparent.
 See Diaphanous.] Transparent or translucent. [R.]

 Di'a*pha*ne"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. diaphanéité.
 See Diaphanous.] The quality of being diaphanous; transparency; pellucidness.

 Di'a*phan"ic (?), a. [See Diaphanous.] Having power to transmit light; transparent; diaph


A domestic affair of great importance, which is no less than the disposal of my sister Jenny for life.

Tatler.
4. Power or authority to dispose of, determine the condition of, control, etc., especially in the phrase at, or in, the disposal of.

 The sole and absolute disposal of him an his concerns.

South.
Syn. -- Disposition; dispensation; management; conduct; government; distribution; arrangement; regulation; control.

 Dis*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disposing.] [F. disposer; pref. dis- + poser to place. See Pose.] 1. To distribute and put in place; to arrange; to set in order; as, to dispose the ships in the form of a crescent.

 Who hath disposed the whole world?

Job xxxiv. 13.
 All ranged in order and disposed with grace.

Pope.
 The rest themselves in troops did else dispose.

Spenser.
2. To regulate; to adjust; to settle; to determine.

 The knightly forms of combat to dispose.

Dryden.
3. To deal out; to assign to a use; to bestow for an object or purpose; to apply; to employ; to dispose of.

 Importuned him that what he designed to bestow on her funeral, he would rather dispose among the poor.

Evelyn.
4. To give a tendency or inclination to; to adapt; to cause to turn; especially, to incline the mind of; to give a bent or propension to; to incline; to make inclined; -- usually followed by to, sometimes by for before the indirect object.

 Endure and conquer; Jove will soon dispose To future good our past and present woes.

Dryden.
 Suspicions dispose kings to tyranny, husbands to jealousy, and wise men to irresolution and melancholy.

Bacon.
To dispose of. (a) To determine the fate of; to exercise the power of control over; to fix the condition, application, employment, etc.
 of; to direct or assign for a use.

 Freedom to order their actions and dispose of their possessions and persons.

Locke.
(b) To exercise finally one's power of control over; to pass over into the control of some one else, as by selling; to alienate; to part with; to relinquish; to get rid of; as, to dispose of a house; to dispose of one's time.

 More water... than can be disposed of.

T. Burnet.
 I have disposed of her to a man of business.

Tatler.
 A rural judge disposed of beauty's prize.

Waller.
Syn. -- To set; arrange; order; distribute; adjust; regulate; adapt; fit; incline; bestow; give.

 Dis*pose" (?), v. i. To bargain; to make terms. [Obs.]

 She had disposed with Cæsar.

Shak.
 Dis*pose", n. 1. Disposal; ordering; management; power or right of control. [Obs.]

 But such is the dispose of the sole Disposer of empires.

Speed.
2. Cast of mind; disposition; inclination; behavior; demeanor.
 [Obs.]

 He hath a person, and a smooth dispose To be suspected.

Shak.
 Dis*posed" (?), p. a. 1. Inclined; minded.

 When he was disposed to pass into Achaia.

Acts xviii. 27.
2. Inclined to mirth; jolly. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
Well disposed, in good condition; in good health. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Dis*pos"ed*ness (?), n. The state of being disposed or inclined; inclination; propensity. [R.]

 Dis*pose"ment (?), n. Disposal. [Obs.] Goodwin.
 Dis*pos"er (?), n. One who, or that which, disposes; a regulator; a director; a bestower.

 Absolute lord and disposer of all things.

Barrow.
 Dis*pos"ing*ly, adv. In a manner to dispose.

 Dis*pos"it*ed (?), a. [See Disposition.] Disposed. [Obs.] Glanvill.
 Dis'po*si"tion (?), n. [F. disposition, dispositio, fr. disponere to dispose; dis- + ponere to place. See Position, and cf. Dispone.] 1. The act of disposing, arranging, ordering, regulating, or transferring; application; disposal; as, the disposition of a man's property by will.

 Who have received the law by the disposition of angels.

Acts vii. 53.
 The disposition of the work, to put all things in a beautiful order and harmony, that the whole may be of a piece.

Dryden.
2. The state or the manner of being disposed or arranged; distribution; arrangement; order; as, the disposition of the trees in an orchard; the disposition of the several parts of an edifice.

3. Tendency to any action or state resulting from natural constitution; nature; quality; as, a disposition in plants to grow in a direction upward; a disposition in bodies to putrefaction.

4. Conscious inclination; propension or propensity.

 How stands your disposition to be married?

Shak.
5. Natural or prevailing spirit, or temperament of mind, especially as shown in intercourse with one's fellow-men; temper of mind. "A man of turbulent disposition." Hallam. "He is of a very melancholy disposition." Shak.
 His disposition led him to do things agreeable to his quality and condition wherein God had placed him.

Strype.
6. Mood; humor.

 As I perchance hereafter shall think meet To put an antic disposition on.

Shak.
Syn. -- Disposal; adjustment; regulation; arrangement; distribution; order; method; adaptation; inclination; propensity; bestowment; alienation; character; temper; mood. -- Disposition, Character, Temper. Disposition is the natural humor of a person, the predominating quality of his character, the constitutional habit of his mind. Character is this disposition influenced by motive, training, and will. Temper is a quality of the fiber of character, and is displayed chiefly when the emotions, especially the passions, are aroused.

 Dis'po*si"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to disposition.

 Dis'po*si"tioned (?), a. Having (such) a disposition; -- used in compounds; as, welldispositioned.

 Dis*pos"i*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. dispositif.] 1.
 Disposing; tending to regulate; decretive. [Obs.]

 His dispositive wisdom and power.

Bates.
2. Belonging to disposition or natural, tendency. [Obs.] "Dispositive holiness." Jer. Taylor.
 Dis*pos"i*tive*ly, adv. In a dispositive manner; by natural or moral disposition. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
 Do dispositively what Moses is recorded to have done literally,.
 .. break all the ten commandments at once.

Boyle.
 Dis*pos"it*or (?), n. [L. See Disposition.] 1. A disposer.

2. (Astrol.) The planet which is lord of the sign where another planet is. [Obs.] Crabb.
 Dis'pos*sess" (?; see Possess), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dispossessed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dispossessing.] [Pref. dis- + possess: cf. F. déposséder.] To put out of possession; to deprive of the actual occupancy of, particularly of land or real estate; to disseize; to eject; -- usually followed by


after a few years' service, as they are supposed to be exhausted, whereas fertilization would restore them.
Seed planting Pad-cho-kan′ is the name of the sementera used as a rice seed bed. One or more small groups of sementeras in every pueblo is so protected from the cold rains and winds of November and December and is so exposed to the warm sun that it answers well the purposes of a primitive hotbed; consequently it becomes such, and anyone who asks permission of the owner may plant his seed there (see Pl. LXV).
The seed is planted in the beds after they have been thoroughly worked and softened, the soil usually being turned three times.
The planting in Bontoc occurs the first part of November. November 15, 1902, the rice had burst its kernel and was above water in the Bontoc beds. The seed is not shelled before planting, but the full fruit heads, sĭn-lu′-wi, are laid, without covering, on the soft ooze, under 3 or 4 inches of water. They are laid in rows a few inches apart, and are so close together that by the time the young plants are 3 inches above the surface of the water the bed is a solid mass of green.
Bontoc pueblo has six varieties of rice. Neighboring pueblos have others; and it is probable that fifty, perhaps a hundred, varieties are Page 98grown by the different irrigating peoples of northern Luzon. In Bontoc, ti′-pa is a white beardless variety. Ga′-sang is white, and cha-yĕt′-ĭt is claimed to be the same grain, except it is dark colored; it is the rice from which the fermented beverage, tapui, is made. Pu-i-a-pu′-i and tu′-pĕng are also white; tu′-pĕng is sowed in unirrigated mountain sementeras in the rainy season. Gu-mĭk′-i is a dark grain.
Camotes, or to-ki′, are planted once in a long period in the sementeras surrounding the buildings in the pueblo. There is nothing to kill them, the ground has no other use, so they are practically perpetual.
The average size of all the eight varieties of Bontoc camotes is about 2 by 4 inches in diameter. Six of the varieties are white and two are red. The white ones are the following: Li-no′-ko, pa-to′-ki, ki′-nûb fa-fay′-i, pi-i-nĭt′, ki-wĕng′, and tang-tang-lab′. The red ones are si′-sĭg and pĭt-ti′-kan.
To illustrate the many varieties which may exist in a small area I give the names of five other camotes grown in the pueblo of Balili, which is only about four hours from Bontoc. The Balili white camotes are bi-tâk′-no, a-go-bang′-bang, and la-ung′-an and the red are gĭs-gĭs′-i and ta-mo′-lo.
Millet, called "sa′-fug," is sowed on the surface of the earth. The sowing is "broadcast," but in a limited way, as the fields are usually only a few rods square. The seed is generally sowed by women, who carry a small basket or dish of it in one hand and scatter the seed from between the thumb, forefinger, and middle finger of the free hand.
There are said to be four varieties of millet in Bontoc. Mo-di′ and poy-nĕd′ are light-colored seeds; pi-tĭng′-an is a darker seed—the Igorot says "black;" and si-nang′-a is the fourth. I have never seen it but I am told it is white.
Maize, or pi′-ki, and beans, practically the only other seeds planted, are planted annually in "hills." The rows of "hills" are quite irregular. Maize, as is also millet, is planted immediately after the first abundant rains, occurring early in April.
The Bontoc man has three varieties of beans. One is called ka′-lap; the kernel is small, being only one-fifth of an inch long. Usually it is pale green in color, though a few are black; both have an exterior white germ. I′-tab is about one-third of an inch long. It is both gray and black in color, and has a long exterior white germ. The third variety is black with an exterior white germ. It is called ba-la′-tong, and is about one-fourth of an inch in length.
Transplanting Transplanting is always the work of women, since they are recognized as quicker and more dexterous in most work with the hands than are the men.
Page 99 The women pull up the young rice plants in the seed beds and tie them in bunches about 4 inches in diameter. They transport them by basket to the newly prepared sementera and dump them in the water so they will remain fresh.
As has been said, the manure fertilizer is placed about the sementera in piles. The women thoroughly spread this fertilizer with their hands and feet when they transplant (see Pl. LIX). When the soil is ready the transplanter grasps a handful of the plants, twists off 3 or 4 inches of the blades, leaving the plant about 6 inches long, and, while holding the plants in one hand, with the other she rapidly thrusts them one by one into the soft bed. They are placed in fairly regular rows, and are about 5 inches apart. The planter leans enthusiastically over her work, usually resting one elbow on her knee—the left elbow, since most of the women are right-handed—and she sets from forty to sixty plants per minute.
When the sementeras are planted they present a clean and beautiful appearance—even the tips of the rice blades twisted off are invariably crowded into the muddy bed to assist in fattening the crop.
As many as a dozen women often work together in one sementera to hasten the planting. There are usually two or three little girls with their mothers, who while away the hours playing work. They stuff up the chinks of the stone walls with dirt and vegetable matter; they carry together the few camotes discovered in this last handling of the old camote bed; and they quite successfully and industriously play at transplanting rice, though such small girls are not obliged to work in the field.
Camotes are also transplanted. The women cut or pick off the "runners" from the perpetual vines in the sementeras near the dwellings. These they transplant in the unirrigated mountain sementeras after the crops of millet and maize have been gathered.
The irrigated sementeras are also planted to camotes by transplanting from these house beds. This transplanting lasts about six weeks in Bontoc, beginning near the middle of July.
Some little sugar cane is grown by the Igorot of the Bontoc area. It is claimed to grow up each year from the roots left at the preceding harvest. At times new patches of cane are started by transplanting shoots from the parent plants. It is said that in January the stalks are cut and set in a rich mud, and that in the season of Baliling, from about July 15 until early in September, the rooted shoots are transplanted to the new beds.
Cultivating The chief cultivation given to Igorot crops is bestowed on rice, though all cultivated lands are remarkably free from weeds.
The rice sementeras are carefully weeded, "suckers" are pulled out, and the beds are Page 100thinned generally, so that each plant will have all needful chance to develop fruit. This weeding and thinning is the work of women and half-grown children. Every day for nearly two months, or until the fruit heads appear, the cultivators are diligently at work in the sementeras. No tools or agricultural implements other than bare hands are used in this work.
The men keep constant watch of the sementera walls and the irrigating canals, repairing all, thus indirectly assisting the women in their cultivation by directing water to the growing crop and by conserving it when it is obtained.
Protecting The rice begins to fruit early in April, at which time systematic effort to protect the new grain from birds, rats, monkeys, and wild hogs commences. This effort continues until the harvest is completed, practically for three months. Much of this labor is performed by water power, much by wind power, and about all the children and old people in a pueblo are busied from early dawn until twilight in the sementera as independent guards. Besides, throughout the long night men and women build fires among the sementeras and guard their crop from the wild


Nights and well-nigh defies the efforts of the translator to define the exact nature of the building described by the various and contradictory passages which refer to it. The following is a literal rendering of the above passage: "An upper chamber (keszr) and (or?) a kiosk (kushk, a word explained by a modern Syrian dictionary as meaning '[a building] like a balcony projecting from the level of the rest of the house,' but by others as an isolated building or pavilion erected on the top of a house, i.e. a keszr, in its classical meaning of 'upper chamber,' in which sense Lane indeed gives it as synonymous with the Turkish koushk, variant kushk,) with four-and-twenty estrades (liwan, a raised recess, generally a square-shaped room, large or small, open on the side facing the main saloon), all of it of emeralds and rubies and other jewels, and one estrade its kiosk was not finished."
 Later on, when the Sultan visits the enchanted palace for the first time, Alaeddin "brought him to the high kiosk and he looked at the belvedere (teyyareh, a square or round erection on the top of a house, either open at the sides or pierced with windows, =our architectural term 'lantern') and its casements (shebabik, pl. of shubbak, a window formed of grating or lattice-work) and their lattices (she"ri for she"rir, pl. of sheriyyeh, a lattice), all wroughten of emeralds and rubies and other than it of precious jewels." The Sultan "goes round in the kiosk" and seeing "the casement (shubbak), which Alaeddin had purposely left defective, without completion," said to the Vizier, "Knowest thou the reason (or cause) of the lack of completion of this casement and its lattices?" (shearihi, or quaere, "[this] lattice," the copyist having probably omitted by mistake the diacritical points over the final ha). Then he asked Alaeddin, "What is the cause that the lattice of yonder kiosk (kushk) is not complete?"
 The defective part is soon after referred to, no less than four times, as "the lattice of the kiosk" (sheriyyetu 'l kushk), thus showing that, in the writer's mind, kushk, liwan and shubbak were synonymous terms for the common Arab projecting square-sided window, made of latticework, and I have therefore rendered the three words, when they occur in this sense, by our English "oriel," to whose modern meaning (a window that juts out, so as to form a small apartment), they exactly correspond. Again, in the episode of the Maugrabin's brother, the princess shows the latter (disguised as Fatimeh) "the belvedere (teyyarrh) and the kiosk (kushk) of jewels, the which [was] with (i.e. had) the four-and-twenty portals" (mejouz, apparently a Syrian variant of mejaz, lit. a place of passage, but by extension a porch, a gallery, an opening, here (and here only) used by synecdoche for the oriel itself), and the famous roe's egg is proposed to be suspended from "the dome (cubbeh) of the upper chamber" (el keszr el faucaniyy), thus showing that the latter was crowned with a dome or cupola. It is difficult to extricate the author's exact meaning from the above tangle of confused references; but, as far as can be gathered. in the face of the carelessness with which the text treats kushk as synonymous now with keszr or teyyareh and now with liwan or shubbak, it would seem that what is intended to be described is a lofty hall (or sorer), erected on the roof of the palace, whether round or square we cannot tell, but crowned with a dome or cupola and having four-and-twenty deep projecting windows or oriels, the lattice or trellis-work of which latter was formed (instead of the usual wood) of emeralds, rubies and other jewels, strung, we may suppose, upon rods of gold or other metal I have, at the risk of wearying my reader, treated this point at some length, as well because it is an important one as to show the almost insuperable difficulties that beset the. conscientious translator at well-nigh every page of such works as the "Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night."]

 481 (return) [ Night DLXV.]

 482 (return) [ The text has imar (an inhabited country), an evident mistake for emair (buildings).]

 483 (return) [ Night DLXVI.]

 484 (return) [ Atsm sekhahu. Burton.
 "his dignity was enhanced."]

 485 (return) [ Or "imitate" (yetemathelou bihi). Burton, "which are such as are served to the kings."]

 486 (return) [ Night DLXVII.]

 487 (return) [ Wectu 'l asr, i.e.
 midway between noon and nightfall.]

 488 (return) [ Lit. "was broken" (inkeseret).]

 489 (return) [ Burton, "with the jerid," but I find no mention of this in the text. The word used (le'ba, lit. "he played") applies to all kinds of martial exercises; it may also mean simply, "caracoling."]

 490 (return) [ See ante, p. 167, note 1. {see FN#456}] 491 (return) [ Or "turns" (adwar).]

 492 (return) [ El hemmam a sultaniyy el meshhour. Burton, "the royal Hammam (known as the Sult ni)."]

 493 (return) [ Muhliyat. Burton, "sugared drinks."]

 494 (return) [ Night DLXVIII.]

 495 (return) [ Keszriha. Burton, "her bower in the upper story."]

 496 (return) [ Lit. "changed the robes (khila) upon her." For the ceremony of displaying (or unveiling) the bride, see my "Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night," Vol. I. pp. 192 et seq., and "Tales from the Arabic," Vol. III. pp. 189 et seq.]

 497 (return) [ Meshghoul.]

 498 (return) [ Keszr.]

 499 (return) [ Szeraya, properly serayeh.]

 500 (return) [ i.e. Alexander the Great; see my "Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night," Vol. V. p. 6, note.]

 501 (return) [ Night DLXIX.]

 502 (return) [ Henahu.]

 503 (return) [ Fetour, the slight meal eaten immediately on rising, answering to the French "premier dejeuner," not the "morning-meal" (gheda), eaten towards noon and answering to the French "dejeuner... la fourchette."]

 504 (return) [ Gheda.]

 505 (return) [ Tekerrum (inf. of V of kerem), lit. "being liberal to any one." here an idiomatic form of assent expressing condescension on the part of a superior. Such at least is the explanation of the late Prof. Dozy; but I should myself incline to read tukremu (second person sing. aorist passive of IV), i.e. "Thou art accorded [that which thou seekest]."]

 506 (return) [ Indhehela.]

 507 (return) [ Or "upper hall, gallery." Lit. "kiosk." See ante, p.l75, note 4. {see FN#480}] 508 (return) [ T


Barrier Range.
12. STRIX PERSONATA, VIG.--Masked Barn Owl.
This fine night bird was very rare in the interior, and only one specimen was procured. Its plumage is characterised by that softness so peculiar to the genus to which it belongs, and in consequence of which its flight is so silent and stealthy that, like the foot-fall of the cat, it is unheard.
This owl was shot on the Darling, after having been startled out of a tree.
13. STRIX DELICATULUS, GOULD.--Delicate Owl.
Nearly allied to the Strix flammea, or Barn Owl of England. This bird, widely spread over the continent of Australia, inhabits the interior in great numbers, wherever there are trees large enough for it to build in.
Their young were just fledged when the Expedition descended into the western interior, and at sunset came out on the branches of the gum-trees, where they sat for several hours to be fed, making a most discordant noise every time the old birds came with a fresh supply of food, which was about every quarter of an hour. It was frequently impossible to sleep from the constant screeching of the young owls. Their food is principally mice, bats, and large moths.
14. ATHENE BOOBOOK.--Boobook Owl.
So called from its whoop resembling that sound. Like others of its genus it comes from its hiding place at sunset, and its note in the distance is exactly like that of the cuckoo, but the sound changes as you approach it. This bird has a dark brown plumage, spotted white, and differs in many respects from the genus Strix, although very closely allied to it.
15. AEGOTHELES NOVAE-HOLLANDIAE, VIG. AND HORSF.--Owlet night Jar.
This small bird, although a night bird, is very frequently seen in the day time, sleeping on the branch of a Casuarina, to which they appear to be partial. It is very common in the brushes of the Murray belt, and when disturbed has an awkward flight, as if it knew not where to go. Its plumage is very downy and soft, and it weighs exceedingly light.
16. PODARGUS HUMERALIS, VIG. AND HORSF.--Tawny-shouldered Podargus.
This singular bird is an inhabitant of the distant interior, and was seen on several occasions, but invariably near hills. The appearance of this uncouth bird is very absurd, with his enormous mouth that literally reaches from ear to ear, and his eyes half shut. Mr. Browne surprised five of these birds on a stone, on the summit of Mount Arrowsmith, about half a degree to the southward of the Depot. They were all sitting with their heads together, and all flew in different directions when roused.
17. EUROSTOPODUS GUTTATUS.--Spotted Goat-sucker.
This rapid-winged night bird is widely distributed over South-eastern Australia, if not over every part of the Continent. I have often watched the motions of this light and airy bird round a pond of water close to which I have been lying, with the full bright moon above me, and been amazed at its rapid evolutions; and admired the wisdom of that Providence which had so adapted this little animal for the part it was to act on the great stage of the universe. So light, that it had no difficulty in maintaining a prolonged flight, with its noiseless wing, making its sweeps to greater or lesser distances, and seeming never to require rest.
The habit of this Goat-sucker is to lie under any tree or brush during the day, from which it issues in great alarm on being roused.
18. CHELIDON ARIEL, GOULD.
The brown-headed Swallow, a common bird in the interior during the summer. Gregarious, and building clay nests, like bottles stuck against a tree, in rows one above the other. Instinct guides these little birds to select a tree that slopes and is concave, in which the nests will be protected from rain or storms. A white-headed swallow was also frequently seen, but it was always under circumstances that prevented our procuring a specimen.
19. MEROPS ORNATUS, LATH.--Australian Bee-eater.
This beautiful little bird, with its varied plumage, is migratory, and visits the southern parts of the continent during summer, when its locality is near any river, or chain of ponds, although it is also found in other places. I first shot this pretty bird on the banks of the Macquarie in 1828, where it was in considerable numbers. It visits Adelaide, and we saw it in the interior almost to our extreme north.
20. HALCYON SANCTUS, VIG. AND HORSF.--Sacred Halcyon.
This ill-proportioned bird in shape and general appearance is like the Kingfisher. Instead however of living on fish, he contents himself with lizards, beetles, grasshoppers, etc., and amongst these he makes a great havoc. The range of this bird did not extend beyond the lat. of the Depot.
21. HALCYON PYRRHOPYGIA, GOULD.--Red-backed Halcyon.
Similar in shape and figure to the last, but differing in plumage and in size, having dull red feathers over the rump, the blue being also of a duller shade. It ranges far north.
22. ARTAMUS SORDIDUS.--Wood Swallow.
The flight and habits of this bird are very like those of the swallow tribe. They huddle together to roost: selecting a flat round stump, round the edge of which they sit with their heads inwards, so presenting a singular appearance: or else they cling together to the number of thirty or forty on a branch like a swarm of bees. They were seen in every part of the interior over the whole of which they appear to range.
23. ARTAMUS PERSONATUS, GOULD.--Masked wood Swallow.
So called because of a black mark on the throat and cheek resembling a mask in some measure. The plumage of this bird is light, the breast of the male almost approaching to a white, for size and shape there is little difference between this and the last. Both are equally common, and are seen together, ranging the brushes at a great distance from water.
24. ARTAMUS SUPERCILIOSUS, GOULD.--White eyebrowed wood Swallow.
A white line over the eye is the distinguishing mark of this bird. One or other species of Artamus was found when no other birds were to be seen.
They generally sat on dead branches, and their flight extended no farther than from the one to the other.
25. PARDALOTUS STRIATUS, TEMM.--Striated Pardalote.
There are several species of this beautiful tribe of little birds, but the above was the only kind procured. The species under consideration occupies the higher branches of the gum-trees, and is so small that it is seen with difficulty.
26. GYMNORHINA LEUCONOTA, GOULD.--The White-backed Crow Shrike.
This bird is somewhat larger than, and very much resembles a magpie, but the proportion of white is greater, and there is no metallic or varied tint on the black feathers as on the European bird. In South Australia it is a winter bird, and his clear fine note was always the most heard on the coldest morning, as if that temperature best suited him. All the species of this genus are easily domesticated, and learn to pipe tunes.
They are mischievous birds about a house, but are useful in a garden. I had one that ranged the fields to a great distance round the house, but always returned to sleep in it.
27. CRACTICUS DESTRUCTOR.
This bird has the strong, straight, and hooked bill. He is an ugly brute in shape and plumage, but is a magnificent songster. His own notes ring through the wilds, and there is not a bird of the forest that he does not imitate. One of these birds regularly visited the camp at Flood Creek every morning to learn a tune one of the men used to whistle to him, and he always gave notice of his presence by a loud note of the most metallic sound. It breeds on the hills, and is generally found wherever there is shade and water.
28. GRALLINA AUSTRALIS.--Pied Grallina.
This harmless bird, somewhat larger than a field-fare, is found near water, where the banks are muddy. It is common on all


cover Fossil Man of Mentone.
Manners and Monuments of Prehistoric Peoples By The Marquis de Nadaillac Correspondent of the Institute Author of "L'Amérique Préhistorique," "Les Premiers Hommes et les Temps Préhistoriques," etc.
With 113 illustrations Translated by Nancy Bell (N. D'Anvers) Author of "The Elementary History of Art," "The Life-Story of Our Earth," "The Story of Early Man," etc.
G. P. Putnam's sons New York 27 West Twenty-Third Street London 24 Redford Street, Strand The Knickerbocker Press 1894 Copyright, 1892 by Nancy Bell Electrotyped, Printed, and Bound by The Knickerbocker Press, New York G. P. Putnam's Sons Translator's Note The present volume has been translated, with the author's consent, from the French of the Marquis de Nadaillac. The author and translator have carefully brought down to date the original edition, embodying the discoveries made during the progress of the work. The book will be found to be an epitome of all that is known on the subject of which it treats, and covers ground not at present occupied by any other work in the English language.
Nancy Bell (N. D'Anvers).
Southbourne-On-Sea, 1891.
Contents.
Chapter Page I. The Stone Age, its Duration, and its Place in Time 1 II.
Food, Cannibalism, Mammals, Fish, Hunting and Fishing, Navigation 47 III.
Weapons, Tools, Pottery; Origin of the Use of Fire, Clothing, Ornaments; Early Artistic Efforts 79 IV.
Caves, Kitchen-Middings, Lake Stations, "Terremares," Crannoges, Burghs, "Nurhags," "Talayoti," and "Truddhi" 127 V. Megalithic Monuments 174 VI.
Industry, Commerce, Social Organization; Fights, Wounds and Trepanation 231 VII.
Camps, Fortifications, Vitrified Forts; Santorin; the Towns upon the Hill of Hissarlik 279 VIII.
Tombs 343 Index 383 Illustrations.
Figure Page Fossil man from Mentone.
Frontispiece 1.
Stone weapons described by Mahudel in 1734.
8 2.
Copper hatchets found in Hungary and now in national museum of Budapest.
20 3.
Copper beads from Connett's Mound, Ohio (natural size).
21 4.
Stone statues on Easter Island.
37 5.
Fort-hill, Ohio.
39 6.
Group of sepulchral mounds.
40 7.
Ground plan of a pueblo of the Mac-Elmo valley.
41 8.
Cliff-house on the Rio Mancos.
42 9.
House in a rock of the Montezuma cañon.
43 10.
 1. Fragments of arrows made of reindeer horn from the Martinet cave (Lot-et-Garonne).
2. Point of spear or harpoon in stag-horn (one third natural size).
3. and 4. Bone weapons from Denmark.
5. Harpoon of stag-horn from St. Aubin.
6. Bone fish-hooks pointed at each end, from Waugen.
61 11.
Bear's teeth converted into fish-hooks.
62 12.
Fish-hook made out of a boar's tusk.
62 13.
 A. Large barbed arrow from one side of the Plan Lade shelter (Tarn-et-Garonne).
B. Lower part of a barbed harpoon from the Plantade deposit.
65 14.
Ancient Scandinavian boat found beneath a tumulus at Gogstadten.
73 15.
Ancient boat discovered in the bed of the Cher.
75 16.
A lake pirogue found in the Lake of Neuchâtel.
1. As seen outside.
2. and 3. Longitudinal and transverse sections.
Stones used as anchors, found in the Bay of Penhouet.
76 17.
1, 2, 3. Stones weighing about 160 lbs. each.
4. and 5. Lighter stones, probably used for canoes.
80 18.
Scraper from the Delaware valley.
82 19.
Implement from the Delaware valley.
82 20.
Worked flints from the Lafaye and Plantade shelters (Tarn-et-Garonne).
83 21.
1. Stone javelin-head with handle. 2. Stone hatchet with handle.
89 22.
1. Fine needles. 2. Coarse needles. 3. Amulet. 4 and 6. Ornaments. 5. Cut flints. 7. Fragment of a harpoon. 8. Fragments of reindeer antlers with signs or drawings. 9. Whistle. 10. One end of a bow (?). 11. Arrow-head. (From the Vache, Massat, and Lourdes caves) 91 23.
Amulet made of the penien bone of a bear and found in the Marsoulas cave.
92 24.
Various stone and bone objects from California.
93 25.
Dipper found in the excavations at the Chassey camp.
95 26.
Pottery of a so far unclassified type found in the Argent cave (France).
98 27.
1. Lignite pendant. 2. Bone pendant. (Thayngen cave).
107 28.
Round pieces of skull, pierced with holes (M. de Baye's collection).
110 29.
Part of a rounded piece of a human parietal.
Stiletto made of the end of a human radius.
Disk, made of the burr of a stag's antler.
111 30.
Whistle from the Massenat collection.
112 31.
Staff of office.
113 32.
Staff of office, made of stag-horn pierced with four holes.
114 33.
Staff of office found at Lafaye.
115 34.
Staff of office in reindeer antler, with a horse engraved on it (Thayngen).
115 35.
Staff of office found at Montgaudier.
117 36.
Carved dagger-hilt (Laugerie-Basse).
118 37.
The great cave-bear, drawn on a pebble found in the Massat cave (Garrigou collection).
118 38.
Mammoth or elephant from the Una cave.
119 39.
Seal engraved on a bear's tooth, found at Sordes.
119 40.
Fragment of a bone, with regular designs. Fragment of a rib on which is engraved a musk-ox, found in the Marsoulas cave.
120 41.
Head of a horse from the Thayngen cave.
121 42.
Bear engraved on a bone, from the Thayngen cave.
121 43.
Reindeer grazing, from the Thayngen cave.
122 44.
Head of Ovibos moschatus, engraved on wood, found in the Thayngen cave.
123 45.
Young man chasing the aurochs, from Laugerie.
124 46.
Fragment of a staff of office, from the Madelaine cave.
125 47.
Human face carved on a reindeer antler, found in the Rochebertier cave.
125 48.
The glyptodon.
128 49.
Mylodon robustus.
129 50.
Objects discovered in the peat-bogs of Laybach, A. Earthenware vase. B. Fragment of ornamented pottery. C. Bone needle. D. Earthenware weight for fishing-net. E. Fragment of jaw bone.
152 51.
Small terra-cotta figures


curve and the luminous point being in one plane. -- Caustic lime. See under Lime. -- Caustic potash, Caustic soda (Chem.), the solid hydroxides potash, KOH, and soda, NaOH, or solutions of the same. -- Caustic silver, nitrate of silver, lunar caustic. -- Caustic surface (Optics), a surface to which rays reflected or refracted by another surface are tangents. Caustic curves and surfaces are called catacaustic when formed by reflection, and diacaustic when formed by refraction.

Syn. -- Stinging; cutting; pungent; searching.

 Cau"stic, n. [L. causticum (sc. medicamentum). See Caustic, a.] 1. Any substance or means which, applied to animal or other organic tissue, burns, corrodes, or destroys it by chemical action; an escharotic.

2. (Optics) A caustic curve or caustic surface.

 Caus"tic*al*ly, adv. In a caustic manner.

 Caus*tic"i*ly (?), n. 1. The quality of being caustic; corrosiveness; as, the causticity of potash.

2. Severity of language; sarcasm; as, the causticity of a reply or remark.

 Caus"tic*ness (?), n. The quality of being caustic; causticity.

 Cau"tel (?), n. [F. cautèle, L. cautela, fr.
 cavere to be on one's guard, to take care.] 1. Caution; prudence; wariness. [Obs.] Fulke.
2. Craft; deceit; falseness. [Obs.] Shak.
 Cau"te*lous (?), a. [F. cauteleux, LL. cautelosus.
 See Cautel.] 1. Caution; prudent; wary. [Obs.] "Cautelous, though young." Drayton.
2. Crafty; deceitful; false. [Obs.] Shak.
 -- Cau"te*lous*ly, adv. -- Cau"te*lous*ness, n. [Obs.]

 Cau"ter (?), n. [F. cautère, L. cauterium, fr.
 Gr. &?; a branding iron, fr. &?; to burn. Cf. Caustic, Cautery.] A hot iron for searing or cauterizing. Minsheu.
 Cau"ter*ant (?), n. A cauterizing substance.

 Cau"ter*ism (?), n. The use or application of a caustic; cautery.
 Ferrand.
 Cau'ter*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. cautèrisation.] (Med.)
 The act of searing some morbid part by the application of a cautery or caustic; also, the effect of such application.

 Cau"ter*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cauterized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Cauterizing.] [L. cauterizare, Gr. &?;, fr. a branding iron: cf. F. cautérised.. See cauter.] 1.
 To burn or sear with a cautery or caustic. Dunglison.
2. To sear, as the conscience. Jer. Taylor.
 Cau"ter*y (?), n.; pl. Cauteries (#). [L. cauterium, Gr. &?;. See Cauter.] 1. (Med.) A burning or searing, as of morbid flesh, with a hot iron, or by application of a caustic that will burn, corrode, or destroy animal tissue.

2. The iron of other agent in cauterizing.

Actual cautery, a substance or agent (as a hot iron) which cauterizes or sears by actual heat; or the burning so effected. -- Potential cautery, a substance which cauterizes by chemical action; as, lunar caustic; also, the cauterizing produced by such substance.

 Cau"tion (?), n. [F. caution a security, L. cautio, fr. cavere (For scavere) to be on one's guard, to take care (orig.) to be on the watch, see; akin to E. show.] 1. A careful attention to the probable effects of an act, in order that failure or harm may be avoided; prudence in regard to danger; provident care; wariness.

2. Security; guaranty; bail. [R.]

 The Parliament would yet give his majesty sufficient caution that the war should be prosecuted. Clarendon.
3. Precept or warning against evil of any kind; exhortation to wariness; advice; injunction.

 In way of caution I must tell you. Shak.
Caution money, money deposited by way of security or guaranty, as by a student at an English university.

Syn. -- Care; forethought; forecast; heed; prudence; watchfulness; vigilance; circumspection; anxiety; providence; counsel; advice; warning; admonition.

 Cau"tion v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cautioned (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Cautioning.] To give notice of danger to; to warn; to exhort [one] to take heed.

 You cautioned me against their charms. Swift.
 Cau"tion*a*ry (?), a. 1. Conveying a caution, or warning to avoid danger; as, cautionary signals.

2. Given as a pledge or as security.

 He hated Barnevelt, for his getting the cautionary towns out of his hands. Bp. Burnet.
3. Wary; cautious. [Obs.] Bacon.
 Cau"tion*er (?), n. 1. One who cautions or advises.

2. (Scots Law) A surety or sponsor.

 Cau"tion*ry (?), n. (Scots Law) Suretyship.

 Cau"tious (?), a. [Cf. L. cautus, fr. caver. See Caution.] Attentive to examine probable effects and consequences of acts with a view to avoid danger or misfortune; prudent; circumspect; wary; watchful; as, a cautious general.

Cautious feeling for another's pain. Byron.
 Be swift to hear; but cautious of your tongue. Watts.
Syn. -- Wary; watchful; vigilant; prudent; circumspect; discreet; heedful; thoughtful; scrupulous; anxious; careful. -- Cautious, Wary, Circumspect. A man is cautious who realizes the constant possibility of danger; one may be wary, and yet bold and active; a man who is circumspect habitually examines things on every side in order to weigh and deliberate. It is necessary to be cautious at all times; to be wary in cases of extraordinary danger; to be circumspect in matters of peculiar delicacy and difficulty.

 Cau"tious*ly, adv. In a cautious manner.

 Cau"tious*ness, n. The quality of being cautious.

 Cav"al*cade' (?), n. [F. cavalcade, fr. It. cavalcata, fr. cavalcare to go on horseback, fr. LL. caballicare, fr.
 L. caballus an inferior horse, Gr. &?;. Cf. Cavalier, Cavalry.]
 A procession of persons on horseback; a formal, pompous march of horsemen by way of parade.

 He brought back war-worn cavalcade to the city. Prescott.
 { Cav'a*le"ro, Cav'a*lie"ro (kv'*l"ro), } n. [Sp. caballero.
 See Cavalier.] A cavalier; a gallant; a libertine. Shak.
 Cav'a*lier" (kv'*lr"), n. [F. cavalier, It. cav


, or aversion; to shiver with cold; to quake. "With shuddering horror pale." Milton.
 The shuddering tennant of the frigid zone.

Goldsmith.
 Shud"der, n. The act of shuddering, as with fear. Shak.
 Shud"der*ing*ly, adv. In a shuddering manner.

 Shude (?), n. The husks and other refuse of rice mills, used to adulterate oil cake, or linseed cake.

 Shuf"fle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shuffled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Shuffling (?).] [Originally the same word as scuffle, and properly a freq. of shove. See Shove, and Scuffle.] 1.
 To shove one way and the other; to push from one to another; as, to shuffle money from hand to hand.

2. To mix by pushing or shoving; to confuse; to throw into disorder; especially, to change the relative positions of, as of the cards in a pack.

 A man may shuffle cards or rattle dice from noon to midnight without tracing a new idea in his mind.

Rombler.
3. To remove or introduce by artificial confusion.

 It was contrived by your enemies, and shuffled into the papers that were seizen.

Dryden.
To shuffe off, to push off; to rid one's self of. -- To shuffe up, to throw together in hastel to make up or form in confusion or with fraudulent disorder; as, he shuffled up a peace.

 Shuf"fle, v. i. 1. To change the relative position of cards in a pack; as, to shuffle and cut.

2. To change one's position; to shift ground; to evade questions; to resort to equivocation; to prevaricate.

 I myself,... hiding mine honor in my necessity, am fain to shuffle.

Shak.
3. To use arts or expedients; to make shift.

 Your life, good master, Must shuffle for itself.

Shak.
4. To move in a slovenly, dragging manner; to drag or scrape the feet in walking or dancing.

 The aged creature came Shuffling along with ivory-headed wand.

Keats.
Syn. -- To equivicate; prevaricate; quibble; cavil; shift; sophisticate; juggle.

 Shuf"fle, n. 1. The act of shuffling; a mixing confusedly; a slovenly, dragging motion.

 The unguided agitation and rude shuffles of matter.

Bentley.
2. A trick; an artifice; an evasion.

 The gifts of nature are beyond all shame and shuffles.

L'Estrange.
 Shuf"fle*board' (?), n. See Shovelboard.

 Shuf"fle*cap' (?), n. A play performed by shaking money in a hat or cap. [R.] Arbuthnot.
 Shuf"fler (?), n. 1. One who shuffles.

2. (Zoöl.) Either one of the three common American scaup ducks. See Scaup duck, under Scaup.

 Shuf"fle*wing' (?), n. (Zoöl.) The hedg sparrow. [Prov.
 Eng.]

 Shuf"fling (?), a. 1. Moving with a dragging, scraping step.
 "A shuffling nag." Shak.
2. Evasive; as, a shuffling excuse. T. Burnet.
 Shuf"fling, v. In a shuffling manner.

 Shug (?), v. i. [Cf. Shrug.] 1. To writhe the body so as to produce friction against one's clothes, as do those who have the itch.
 [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
2. Hence, to crawl; to sneak. [Obs.]

 There I 'll shug in and get a noble countenance.

Ford.
 Shu"mac (?), n. (Bot.) Sumac.

 Shun (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shunned (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Shunning.] [OE. shunien, schunien, schonien, AS. scunian, sceonian; cf. D. schuinen to slepe, schuin oblique, sloping, Icel. skunda, skynda, to hasten. Cf.
 Schooner, Scoundrel, Shunt.] To avoid; to keep clear of; to get out of the way of; to escape from; to eschew; as, to shun rocks, shoals, vice.

 I am pure from the blood of all men. For I have not shunned to declare unto you all the counsel of God.

Acts xx. 26,27.
 Scarcity and want shall shun you.

Shak.
Syn. -- See Avoid.

 Shun"less, a. Not to be shunned; inevitable; unavoidable. [R.] "Shunless destiny." Shak.
 Shunt (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Shunting.] [Prov. E., to move from, to put off, fr. OE. shunten, schunten, schounten; cf. D. schuinte a slant, slope, Icel. skunda to hasten. Cf. Shun.] 1. To shun; to move from.
 [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

2. To cause to move suddenly; to give a sudden start to; to shove.
 [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Ash.
3. To turn off to one side; especially, to turn off, as a grain or a car upon a side track; to switch off; to shift.

 For shunting your late partner on to me.

T. Hughes.
4. (Elec.) To provide with a shunt; as, to shunt a galvanometer.

 Shunt (?), v. i. To go aside; to turn off.

 Shunt, n. [Cf. D. schuinte slant, slope, declivity. See Shunt, v. t.] 1. (Railroad) A turning off to a side or short track, that the principal track may be left free.

2. (Elec.) A conducting circuit joining two points in a conductor, or the terminals of a galvanometer or dynamo, so as to form a parallel or derived circuit through which a portion of the current may pass, for the purpose of regulating the amount passing in the main circuit.

3. (Gunnery) The shifting of the studs on a projectile from the deep to the shallow sides of the grooves in its discharge from a shunt gun.

Shunt dynamo (Elec.), a dynamo in which the field circuit is connected with the main circuit so as to form a shunt to the letter, thus employing a portion of the current from the armature to maintain the field. -- Shunt gun, a firearm having shunt rifling. See under Rifling.

 Shunt"er (?), n. (Railroad) A person employed to shunt cars from one track to another.

 Shut (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shut; p. pr. & vb.
 n. Shutting.] [OE. shutten, schutten, shetten, schitten, AS. scyttan to shut or lock up (akin to D. schutten, G. schützen to protect), properly, to fasten with a bolt or bar shot across, fr. AS. sceótan to shoot. √159. See Shoot.] 1.
 To close so as to hinder ingress or egress; as, to shut a door or a gate; to shut one's eyes or mouth.

2. To forbid entrance into; to prohibit; to bar; as, to shut the ports of a country by a blockade.

 Shall that be shut to man which to the beast Is open?

Milton.
3. To preclude; to exclude; to bar out. "Shut from every shore." Dryden.
4. To fold together; to close over, as the fingers; to close by bringing the


Unknown to History A Story of the Captivity of Mary of Scotland By Charlotte M. Yonge PREFACE.
In p. 58 of vol. ii. of the second edition of Miss Strickland's Life of Mary Queen of Scots, or p. 100, vol. v. of Burton's History of Scotland, will be found the report on which this tale is founded.
If circumstances regarding the Queen's captivity and Babington's plot have been found to be omitted, as well as many interesting personages in the suite of the captive Queen, it must be remembered that the art of the story-teller makes it needful to curtail some of the incidents which would render the narrative too complicated to be interesting to those who wish more for a view of noted characters in remarkable situations, than for a minute and accurate sifting of facts and evidence.
 C. M. YONGE.
February 27, 1882.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I. THE LITTLE WAIF CHAPTER II. EVIL TIDINGS CHAPTER III. THE CAPTIVE CHAPTER IV. THE OAK AND THE OAKEN HALL CHAPTER V. THE HUCKSTERING WOMAN CHAPTER VI. THE BEWITCHED WHISTLE CHAPTER VII. THE BLAST OF THE WHISTLE CHAPTER VIII. THE KEY OF THE CIPHER CHAPTER IX. UNQUIET CHAPTER X. THE LADY ARBELL CHAPTER XI. QUEEN MARY'S PRESENCE CHAMBER CHAPTER XII. A FURIOUS LETTER CHAPTER XIII. BEADS AND BRACELETS CHAPTER XIV. THE MONOGRAMS CHAPTER XV. MOTHER AND CHILD CHAPTER XVI. THE PEAK CAVERN CHAPTER XVII. THE EBBING WELL CHAPTER XVIII. CIS OR SISTER CHAPTER XIX. THE CLASH OF SWORDS CHAPTER XX. WINGFIELD MANOR CHAPTER XXI. A TANGLE CHAPTER XXII. TUTBURY CHAPTER XXIII. THE LOVE TOKEN CHAPTER XXIV. A LIONESS AT BAY CHAPTER XXV. PAUL'S WALK CHAPTER XXVI. IN THE WEB CHAPTER XXVII. THE CASTLE WELL CHAPTER XXVIII. HUNTING DOWN THE DEER CHAPTER XXIX. THE SEARCH CHAPTER XXX. TETE-A-TETE CHAPTER XXXI. EVIDENCE CHAPTER XXXII. WESTMINSTER HALL CHAPTER XXXIII. IN THE TOWER CHAPTER XXXIV. FOTHERINGHAY CHAPTER XXXV. BEFORE THE COMMISSIONERS CHAPTER XXXVI. A VENTURE CHAPTER XXXVII. MY LADY'S REMORSE CHAPTER XXXVIII. MASTER TALBOT AND HIS CHARGE CHAPTER XXXIX. THE FETTERLOCK COURT CHAPTER XL. THE SENTENCE CHAPTER XLI. HER ROYAL HIGHNESS CHAPTER XLII. THE SUPPLICATION CHAPTER XLIII. THE WARRANT CHAPTER XLIV. ON THE HUMBER CHAPTER XLV. TEN YEARS AFTER UNKNOWN TO HISTORY.
 Poor scape-goat of crimes, where,—her part what it may, So tortured, so hunted to die, Foul age of deceit and of hate,—on her head Least stains of gore-guiltiness lie; To the hearts of the just her blood from the dust Not in vain for mercy will cry.
 Poor scape-goat of nations and faiths in their strife So cruel,—and thou so fair!
 Poor girl!—so, best, in her misery named,— Discrown'd of two kingdoms, and bare; Not first nor last on this one was cast The burden that others should share.
 Visions of England, by F. T. Palgrave CHAPTER I. THE LITTLE WAIF.
On a spring day, in the year 1568, Mistress Talbot sat in her lodging at Hull, an upper chamber, with a large latticed window, glazed with the circle and diamond leading perpetuated in Dutch pictures, and opening on a carved balcony, whence, had she been so minded, she could have shaken hands with her opposite neighbour. There was a richly carved mantel-piece, with a sea-coal fire burning in it, for though it was May, the sea winds blew cold, and there was a fishy odour about the town, such as it was well to counteract. The floor was of slippery polished oak, the walls hung with leather, gilded in some places and depending from cornices, whose ornaments proved to an initiated eye, that this had once been the refectory of a small priory, or cell, broken up at the Reformation.
Of furniture there was not much, only an open cupboard, displaying two silver cups and tankards, a sauce-pan of the same metal, a few tall, slender, Venetian glasses, a little pewter, and some rare shells. A few high-backed chairs were ranged against the wall; there was a tall "armory," i.e. a linen-press of dark oak, guarded on each side by the twisted weapons of the sea unicorn, and in the middle of the room stood a large, solid-looking table, adorned with a brown earthenware beau-pot, containing a stiff posy of roses, southernwood, gillyflowers, pinks and pansies, of small dimensions. On hooks, against the wall, hung a pair of spurs, a shield, a breastplate, and other pieces of armour, with an open helmet bearing the dog, the well-known crest of the Talbots of the Shrewsbury line.
On the polished floor, near the window, were a child's cart, a little boat, some whelks and limpets. Their owner, a stout boy of three years old, in a tight, borderless, round cap, and home-spun, madder-dyed frock, lay fast asleep in a big wooden cradle, scarcely large enough, however, to contain him, as he lay curled up, sucking his thumb, and hugging to his breast the soft fragment of a sea-bird's downy breast.
If he stirred, his mother's foot was on the rocker, as she sat spinning, but her spindle danced languidly on the floor, as if "feeble was her hand, and silly her thread;" while she listened anxiously, for every sound in the street below. She wore a dark blue dress, with a small lace ruff opening in front, deep cuffs to match, and a white apron likewise edged with lace, and a coif, bent down in the centre, over a sweet countenance, matronly, though youthful, and now full of wistful expectancy; not untinged with anxiety and sorrow.
Susan Hardwicke was a distant kinswoman of the famous Bess of Hardwicke, and had formed one of the little court of gentlewomen with whom great ladies were wont to surround themselves. There she met Richard Talbot, the second son of a relative of the Earl of Shrewsbury, a young man who, with the indifference of those days to service by land or sea, had been at one time a gentleman pensioner of Queen Mary; at another had sailed under some of the great mariners of the western main. There he had acquired substance enough to make the offer of his hand to the dowerless Susan no great imprudence; and as neither could be a subject for ambitious plans, no obstacle was raised to their wedding.
He took his wife home to his old father's house in the precincts of Sheffield Park, where she was kindly welcomed; but wealth did not so abound in the family but that, when opportunity offered, he was thankful to accept the command of the Mastiff, a vessel commissioned by Queen Elizabeth, but built, manned, and maintained at the expense of the Earl of Shrewsbury. It formed part of a small squadron which was cruising on the eastern coast to watch over the intercourse between France and Scotland, whether in the interest of the imprisoned Mary, or of the Lords of the Congregation. He had obtained lodgings for Mistress Susan at Hull, so that he might be with her when he put into harbour, and she was expecting him


towers.

Milton.
2. To write upon the back or outside of a paper or letter, as a direction, heading, memorandum, or address.

3. (Law & Com.) To write one's name, alone or with other words, upon the back of (a paper), for the purpose of transferring it, or to secure the payment of a note, draft, or the like; to guarantee the payment, fulfillment, performance, or validity of, or to certify something upon the back of (a check, draft, writ, warrant of arrest, etc.).

4. To give one's name or support to; to sanction; to aid by approval; to approve; as, to indorse an opinion.

To indorse in blank, to write one's name on the back of a note or bill, leaving a blank to be filled by the holder.

 In*dorsed" (?), a. (Her.) See Addorsed.

 In'dor*see" (?), n. The person to whom a note or bill is indorsed, or assigned by indorsement.

 In*dorse"ment (?), n. [From Indorse; cf. Endorsement.] [Written also endorsement.]

1. The act of writing on the back of a note, bill, or other written instrument.

2. That which is written on the back of a note, bill, or other paper, as a name, an order for, or a receipt of, payment, or the return of an officer, etc.; a writing, usually upon the back, but sometimes on the face, of a negotiable instrument, by which the property therein is assigned and transferred. Story. Byles. Burrill.
3. Sanction, support, or approval; as, the indorsement of a rumor, an opinion, a course, conduct.

Blank indorsement. See under Blank.

 { In*dors"er (?), In*dors"or (?), } n. The person who indorses.
 [Written also endorser.]

 In*dow" (?), v. t. See Endow.

 In*dow"ment (?), n. See Endowment.

 In*dox"yl (?), n. [Indigo + hydroxyl.] (Chem.)
 A nitrogenous substance, C8H7NO, isomeric with oxindol, obtained as an oily liquid.

 In'dox*yl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to, or producing, indoxyl; as, indoxylic acid.

 In"draught' (?), n. 1. An opening from the sea into the land; an inlet. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.
2. A draught of air or flow of water setting inward.

 In"drawn' (?), a. Drawn in.

 In*drench" (?), v. t. To overwhelm with water; to drench; to drown.
 [Obs.] Shak.
 { In"dris (?), In"dri (?), } n. (Zoöl.) Any lemurine animal of the genus Indris.

 Several species are known, all of them natives of Madagascar, as the diadem indris (I. diadema), which has a white ruff around the forehead; the woolly indris (I. laniger); and the short-tailed or black indris (I. brevicaudatus), which is black, varied with gray.

 In*du"bi*ous (?), a. [L. indubius. See Innot, and Dubious.]

1. Not dubious or doubtful; certain.

2. Not doubting; unsuspecting. "Indubious confidence." Harvey.
 In*du"bi*ta*ble (?), a. [L. indubitabilis: cf. F. indubitable.
 See Innot, and Dubitable.] Not dubitable or doubtful; too evident to admit of doubt; unquestionable; evident; apparently certain; as, an indubitable conclusion. -- n. That which is indubitable.

Syn. -- Unquestionable; evident; incontrovertible; incontestable; undeniable; irrefragable.

 In*du"bi*ta*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being indubitable.

 In*du"bi*ta*bly, adv. Undoubtedly; unquestionably; in a manner to remove all doubt.

 Oracles indubitably clear and infallibly certain.

Barrow.
 In*du"bi*tate (?), a. [L. indubitatus; pref. innot + dubitatus, p. p. of dubitare to doubt.] Not questioned or doubtful; evident; certain. [Obs.] Bacon.
 In*du"bi*tate (?), v. t. [L. indubitatus, p. p. of indubitare; pref. inin + dubitare to doubt.] To bring into doubt; to cause to be doubted. [Obs.]

 To conceal, or indubitate, his exigency.

Sir T. Browne.
 In*duce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Induced (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Inducing (?).] [L. inducere, inductum; pref. inin + ducere to lead. See Duke, and cf. Induct.]

1. To lead in; to introduce. [Obs.]

 The poet may be seen inducing his personages in the first Iliad.

Pope.
 2. To draw on; to overspread. [A Latinism] Cowper.
3. To lead on; to influence; to prevail on; to incite; to move by persuasion or influence. Shak.
 He is not obliged by your offer to do it,... though he may be induced, persuaded, prevailed upon, tempted.

Paley.
 Let not the covetous desire of growing rich induce you to ruin your reputation.

Dryden.
4. To bring on; to effect; to cause; as, a fever induced by fatigue or exposure.

 Sour things induces a contraction in the nerves.

Bacon.
5. (Physics) To produce, or cause, by proximity without contact or transmission, as a particular electric or magnetic condition in a body, by the approach of another body in an opposite electric or magnetic state.

6. (Logic) To generalize or conclude as an inference from all the particulars; -- the opposite of deduce.

Syn. -- To move; instigate; urge; impel; incite; press; influence; actuate.

 In*duce"ment (?), n. [From Induce.]

1. The act of inducing, or the state of being induced.

2. That which induces; a motive or consideration that leads one to action or induces one to act; as, reward is an inducement to toil.
 "Mark the inducement." Shak.
3. (Law) Matter stated by way of explanatory preamble or introduction to the main allegations of a pleading; a leading to.

Syn. -- Motive; reason; influence. See Motive.

 In*du"cer (?), n. One who, or that which, induces or incites.

 In*du"ci*ble (?), a. 1. Capable of being induced, caused, or made to take place.

2. Obtainable by induction; derivable; inferable.

 In*duct" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inducted; p. pr.
 & vb. n. Inducting.] [L. inductus, p. p. of inducere.
 See Induce.]

1. To bring in; to introduce; to usher in.

 The independent orator inducting himself without further ceremony into the pulpit.

Sir W. Scott.
2. To introduce, as to a benefice or office; to put in actual possession of the temporal rights of an ecclesiastical living, or of any other office, with the customary forms and ceremonies.

 The prior, when inducted into that dignity, took an oath not to alien


. pullus a young animal, a young fowl. See Foal, and cf. Poult, Poultry, Pool stake.] A young hen, or female of the domestic fowl.

Pullet sperm, the treadle of an egg. [Obs.] Shak.
 Pul"ley (?), n.; pl. Pulleys (#). [F. poulie, perhaps of Teutonic origin (cf. Poll, v. t.); but cf. OE. poleine, polive, pulley, LL. polanus, and F. poulain, properly, a colt, fr. L. pullus young animal, foal (cf. Pullet, Foal). For the change of sense, cf. F. poutre beam, originally, a filly, and E. easel.] (Mach.) A wheel with a broad rim, or grooved rim, for transmitting power from, or imparting power to, the different parts of machinery, or for changing the direction of motion, by means of a belt, cord, rope, or chain.

 The pulley, as one of the mechanical powers, consists, in its simplest form, of a grooved wheel, called a sheave, turning within a movable frame or block, by means of a cord or rope attached at one end to a fixed point. The force, acting on the free end of the rope, is thus doubled, but can move the load through only half the space traversed by itself. The rope may also pass over a sheave in another block that is fixed. The end of the rope may be fastened to the movable block, instead of a fixed point, with an additional gain of power, and using either one or two sheaves in the fixed block. Other sheaves may be added, and the power multiplied accordingly. Such an apparatus is called by workmen a block and tackle, or a fall and tackle. See Block.
 A single fixed pulley gives no increase of power, but serves simply for changing the direction of motion.

Band pulley, or Belt pulley, a pulley with a broad face for transmitting power between revolving shafts by means of a belt, or for guiding a belt. -- Cone pulley. See Cone pulley. -- Conical pulley, one of a pair of belt pulleys, each in the shape of a truncated cone, for varying velocities. -- Fast pulley, a pulley firmly attached upon a shaft. -- Loose pulley, a pulley loose on a shaft, to interrupt the transmission of motion in machinery. See Fast and loose pulleys, under Fast. -- Parting pulley, a belt pulley made in semicircular halves, which can be bolted together, to facilitate application to, or removal from, a shaft. -- Pulley block. Same as Block, n. 6. -- Pulley stile (Arch.), the upright of the window frame into which a pulley is fixed and along which the sash slides. -- Split pulley, a parting pulley.

 Pul"ley, v. t. To raise or lift by means of a pulley. [R.] Howell.
 Pul"li*cate (?), n. A kind of checked cotton or silk handkerchief.

 Pull"man car' (?). [Named after Mr. Pullman, who introduced them.]
 A kind of sleeping car; also, a palace car; -- often shortened to Pullman.

 Pul"lu*late (?), v. i. [L. pullulatus, p. p. of pullulare to sprout, from pullulus a young animal, a sprout, dim. of pullus.
 See pullet.] To germinate; to bud; to multiply abundantly. Warburton.
 Pul'lu*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. pullulation.] A germinating, or budding. Dr. H. More.
 ||Pul"lus (?), n.; pl. Pulli (#). [L.] (Zoöl.)
 A chick; a young bird in the downy stage.

 ||Pul'mo*bran'chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.], Pul'mo*bran"chi*ate. (&?;), a. & n. (Zoöl.) Same as Pulmonibranchiata, - ate.

 Pul'mo*cu*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [L. pulmo a lung + E. cutaneous.]
 (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the lungs and the akin; as, the pulmocutaneous arteries of the frog.

 ||Pul'mo*gas'te*rop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL. & E. Gasteropoda.]
 (Zoöl.) Same as Pulmonata.

 Pul"mo*grade (?), a. [L. pulmo a lung + gradi to walk.] (Zoöl.) Swimming by the expansion and contraction, or lunglike movement, of the body, or of the disk, as do the medusæ.

 Pul*mom"e*ter (?), n. [L. pulmo a lung + -meter.] (Physiol.)
 A spirometer.

 Pul"mo*na"ri*an (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any arachnid that breathes by lunglike organs, as the spiders and scorpions. Also used adjectively.

 Pul"mo*na*ry (?), a. [L. pulmonarius, from pulmo, -onis, a lung; of uncertain origin, perh. named from its lightness, and akin to E. float: cf. F. pulmonaire. Cf. Pneumonia.] Of or pertaining to the lungs; affecting the lungs; pulmonic.

Pulmonary artery. See the Note under Artery.

 Pul"mo*na*ry, n. [Cf. F. pulmonaire. See Pulmonary, a. ] (Bot.) Lungwort. Ainsworth.
 ||Pul'mo*na"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., from L. pulmo, -onis, a lung.] (Zoöl.) An extensive division, or sub-class, of hermaphrodite gastropods, in which the mantle cavity is modified into an air-breathing organ, as in Helix, or land snails, Limax, or garden slugs, and many pond snails, as Limnæa and Planorbis.

 Pul"mo*nate (?), a. (Zoöl.) (a) Having breathing organs that act as lungs. (b) Pertaining to the Pulmonata. -- n. One of the Pulmonata.

 Pul"mo*na'ted (?), a. same as Pulmonate (a).

 ||Pul'mo*ni*bran'chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. pulmo, -onis, a lung + Gr. &?; a gill.] (Zoöl.) Same as Pulmonata.

 Pul'mo*ni*bran"chi*ate (?), a. & n. (Zoöl.) Same as Pulmonate.

 Pul*mon"ic (?), a. [L. pulmo, -onis, a lung: cf. F.
 pulmonique.] Relating to, or affecting the lungs; pulmonary. -- n. A pulmonic medicine.

 ||Pul'mo*nif"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pulmoniferous.] (Zoöl.)
 Same as Pulmonata.

 Pul'mo*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. pulmo, -onis, a lung + -ferous.] (Zoöl.) Having lungs; pulmonate.

 Pulp (?), n. [L. pulpa flesh, pith, pulp of fruit: cf. F. pulpe.]
 A moist, slightly cohering mass, consisting of soft, undissolved animal or vegetable matter. Specifically: (a) (Anat.) A tissue or part resembling pulp; especially, the soft, highly vascular and sensitive tissue which fills the central cavity, called the pulp cavity, of teeth. (b) (Bot.)


salicylous, or spiroylous, acid.

 Sal"i*cyl'ate (-t), n. (Chem.) A salt of salicylic acid.

 Sal'i*cyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid formerly obtained by fusing salicin with potassium hydroxide, and now made in large quantities from phenol (carbolic acid) by the action of carbon dioxide on heated sodium phenolate. It is a white crystalline substance. It is used as an antiseptic, and in its salts in the treatment of rheumatism. Called also hydroxybenzoic acid.

 Sal"i*cyl'ide (?), n. [Salicylic + anhydride.] (Chem.)
 A white crystalline substance obtained by dehydration of salicylic acid.

 Sal"i*cyl'ite (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of salicylal; -- named after the analogy of a salt.

 Sal"i*cyl'ol (?), n. [Salicylic + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)
 Same as Salicylal.

 Sa*lic"y*lous (? or?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a substance formerly called salicylous acid, and now salicylal. [Obs.]

 Sa"li*ence (?), n. [See Salient.] 1. The quality or condition of being salient; a leaping; a springing forward; an assaulting.

2. The quality or state of projecting, or being projected; projection; protrusion. Sir W. Hamilton.
 Sa"li*en*cy (?), n. Quality of being salient; hence, vigor. "A fatal lack of poetic saliency." J. Morley.
 Sa"li*ent (?), a. [L. saliens, -entis, p. pr. of salire to leap; cf. F. saillant. See Sally, n. & v. i..] 1. Moving by leaps or springs; leaping; bounding; jumping. "Frogs and salient animals." Sir T. Browne.
2. Shooting out or up; springing; projecting.

 He had in himself a salient, living spring of generous and manly action.

Burke.
3. Hence, figuratively, forcing itself on the attention; prominent; conspicuous; noticeable.

 He [Grenville] had neither salient traits, nor general comprehensiveness of mind.

Bancroft.
4. (Math. & Fort.) Projecting outwardly; as, a salient angle; -- opposed to reëntering. See Illust. of Bastion.

5. (Her.) Represented in a leaping position; as, a lion salient.

Salient angle. See Salient, a., 4. -- Salient polygon (Geom.), a polygon all of whose angles are salient. -- Salient polyhedron (Geom.), a polyhedron all of whose solid angles are salient.

 Sa"li*ent, a. (Fort.) A salient angle or part; a projection.

 Sa"li*ent*ly, adv. In a salient manner.

 Sa*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L. sal salt + -ferous.]
 Producing, or impregnated with, salt.

Saliferous rocks (Geol.), the New Red Sandstone system of some geologists; -- so called because, in Europe, this formation contains beds of salt. The saliferous beds of New York State belong largely to the Salina period of the Upper Silurian. See the Chart of Geology.

 Sal"i*fi'a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. salifiable. See Salify.] (Chem.)
 Capable of neutralizing an acid to form a salt; -- said of bases; thus, ammonia is salifiable.

 Sal'i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. salification.] (Chem.)
 The act, process, or result of salifying; the state of being salified.

 Sal"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Salifying (?).] [F. salifier; from L. sal salt + -ficare (only in comp.) to make. See -fy.] (Chem.) (a) To combine or impregnate with a salt. (b) To form a salt with; to convert into a salt; as, to salify a base or an acid.

 Sa*lig"e*nin (?), n. [Salicin + -gen.] (Chem.)
 A phenol alcohol obtained, by the decomposition of salicin, as a white crystalline substance; -- called also hydroxy-benzyl alcohol.

 Sal"i*got (?), n. [F.] (Bot.) The water chestnut (Trapa natans).

 Sal*im"e*ter (?), n. [L. sal salt + -meter.] An instrument for measuring the amount of salt present in any given solution.
 [Written also salometer.]

 Sal*im"e*try (?), n. The art or process of measuring the amount of salt in a substance.

 Sa*li"na (?), n. [Cf. L. salinae, pl., salt works, from sal salt. See Saline, a.] 1. A salt marsh, or salt pond, inclosed from the sea.

2. Salt works.

 Sa*li"na pe"ri*od (?). [So called from Salina, a town in New York.]
 (Geol.) The period in which the American Upper Silurian system, containing the brine-producing rocks of central New York, was formed. See the Chart of Geology.

 Sal'i*na"tion (?), n. The act of washing with salt water. [R. & Obs.] Greenhill.
 Sa"line (? or?; 277), a. [F. salin, fr. L. sal salt: cf. L. salinae salt works, salinum saltcellar. See Salt.] 1.
 Consisting of salt, or containing salt; as, saline particles; saline substances; a saline cathartic.

2. Of the quality of salt; salty; as, a saline taste.

 Sa"line (? or?; 277), n. [Cf. F. saline. See Saline, a.]
 A salt spring; a place where salt water is collected in the earth.

 Sal"ine (?), n. 1. (Chem.) A crude potash obtained from beet-root residues and other similar sources. [Written also salin.]

2. (Med. Chem.) A metallic salt; esp., a salt of potassium, sodium, lithium, or magnesium, used in medicine.

 Sa*line"ness (?), n. The quality or state of being salt; saltness.

 Sal'i*nif"er*ous (?), a. [Saline + -ferous.] Same as Saliferous.

 Sa*lin"i*form (?), a. Having the form or the qualities of a salt, especially of common salt.

 Sa*lin"i*ty (?), n. Salineness. Carpenter.
 Sal'i*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Saline + -meter.] A salimeter.

 Sa*lin"ous (?), a. Saline. [Obs.]

 Sal"ique (? or?), a. [F.] Salic. Shak.
 She fulmined out her scorn of laws salique.

Tennyson.
 Sal'i*re"tin (?), n. [Saligenin + Gr. &?; resin.] (Chem.)
 A yellow amorphous resinoid substance obtained by the action of dilute acids on saligenin.

 ||Sal'is*bu"ri*a (?), n. [Named after R. A. Salisbury, an English botanist.] (Bot.) The ginkgo tree (Ginkgo biloba, or Salisburia adiantifolia).

 Sal"ite (?), v. t. [L. salitus, p. p. of salire to salt, fr. sal salt.] To season with salt; to salt. [Obs.]

 Sa"lite (?), n. [So called from Sala, a town in Sweden.] (Min.


surfaces; a metallic cement. Hence, anything which unites or cements.

Hard solder, a solder which fuses only at a red heat, as one composed of zinc and copper, or silver and copper, etc. -- Soft solder, a solder fusible at comparatively low temperatures; as, plumbers' solder, consisting of two parts lead and one part tin, is a soft solder.

 Sol"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Soldered (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Soldering.] [Formerlysoder. See Solder, n.]
 1. To unite (metallic surfaces or edges) by the intervention of a more fusible metal or metallic alloy applied when melted; to join by means of metallic cement.

2. To mend; to patch up. "To solder up a broken cause." Hooker.
 Sol"der*er (?), n. One who solders.

 Sol"der*ing, a. & n. from Solder, v. t. Soldering iron, Soldering tool, an instrument for soldering, consisting of a bit or bolt of copper having a pointed or wedge-shaped end, and furnished with a handle.

 Sol"dier (?), n. [OE. souldier, soudiour, souder, OF. soldier, soldoier, soldeier, sodoier, soudoier, soudier, fr. L. solidus a piece of money (hence applied to the pay of a soldier), fr. solidus solid. See Solid, and cf. Sold, n.] 1. One who is engaged in military service as an officer or a private; one who serves in an army; one of an organized body of combatants.

 I am a soldier and unapt to weep.

Shak.
2. Especially, a private in military service, as distinguished from an officer.

 It were meet that any one, before he came to be a captain, should have been a soldier.

Spenser.
3. A brave warrior; a man of military experience and skill, or a man of distinguished valor; -- used by way of emphasis or distinction. Shak.
4. (Zoöl.) The red or cuckoo gurnard (Trigla pini.)
 [Prov. Eng.]

5. (Zoöl.) One of the asexual polymorphic forms of white ants, or termites, in which the head and jaws are very large and strong. The soldiers serve to defend the nest. See Termite.

Soldier beetle (Zoöl.), an American carabid beetle (Chauliognathus Americanus) whose larva feeds upon other insects, such as the plum curculio. -- Soldier bug (Zoöl.), any hemipterous insect of the genus Podisus and allied genera, as the spined soldier bug (Podius spinosus). These bugs suck the blood of other insects. -- Soldier crab (Zoöl.) (a) The hermit crab. (b) The fiddler crab. -- Soldier fish (Zoöl.), a bright-colored etheostomoid fish (Etheostoma cœruleum) found in the Mississippi River; -- called also blue darter, and rainbow darter. -- Soldier fly (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of small dipterous flies of the genus Stratyomys and allied genera. They are often bright green, with a metallic luster, and are ornamented on the sides of the back with markings of yellow, like epaulets or shoulder straps. -- Soldier moth (Zoöl.), a large geometrid moth (Euschema militaris), having the wings bright yellow with bluish black lines and spots. -- Soldier orchis (Bot.), a kind of orchis (Orchis militaris).

 Sol"dier, v. i. 1. To serve as a soldier.

2. To make a pretense of doing something, or of performing any task. [Colloq.U.S.]

 In this sense the vulgar pronounciation (s"jr) is jocosely preserved.

 It needs an opera glass to discover whether the leaders are pulling, or only soldiering.

C. D. Warner.
 Sol"dier*ess, n. A female soldier. [Obs.]

 Sol"dier*ing, n. 1. The act of serving as a soldier; the state of being a soldier; the occupation of a soldier.

2. The act of feigning to work. See the Note under Soldier, v. i., 2. [Colloq. U.S.]

 Sol"dier*like" (?), a. Like a soldier; soldierly.

 Sol"dier*ly, a. Like or becoming a real soldier; brave; martial; heroic; honorable; soldierlike. "Soldierly discipline." Sir P. Sidney.
 Sol"dier*ship, n. Military qualities or state; martial skill; behavior becoming a soldier. [R.] Shak.
 Sol"dier*wood' (?), n. (Bot.) A showy leguminous plant (Calliandra purpurea) of the West Indies. The flowers have long tassels of purple stamens.

 Sol"dier*y (?), n. 1. A body of soldiers; soldiers, collectivelly; the military.

 A camp of faithful soldiery.

Milton.
2. Military service. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.
 ||Sol"do (?), n.; pl. Soldi (#). [It. See Sou.] A small Italian coin worth a sou or a cent; the twentieth part of a lira.

 Sole (?), n. [F. sole, L. solea; -- so named from its flat shape. See Sole of the foot.] (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of flatfishes of the genus Solea and allied genera of the family Soleidæ, especially the common European species (Solea vulgaris), which is a valuable food fish. (b) Any one of several American flounders somewhat resembling the true sole in form or quality, as the California sole (Lepidopsetta bilineata), the long-finned sole (Glyptocephalus zachirus), and other species.

Lemon, or French, sole (Zoöl.), a European species of sole (Solea pegusa). -- Smooth sole (Zoöl.), the megrim.

 Sole (?), n. [AS. sole, fr. L. soolea (or rather an assumed L. sola), akin to solumround, soil, sole of the foot. Cf. Exile, Saloon, Soil earth, Sole the fish.] 1. The bottom of the foot; hence, also, rarely, the foot itself.

 The dove found no rest for the sole of her foot.

Gen. viii. 9.
 Hast wandered through the world now long a day, Yet ceasest not thy weary soles to lead.

Spenser.
2. The bottom of a shoe or boot, or the piece of leather which constitutes the bottom.

 The "caliga" was a military shoe, with a very thick sole, tied above the instep.

Arbuthnot.
3. The bottom or lower part of anything, or that on which anything rests in standing. Specifially: (a) (Agric.) The bottom of the body of a plow; -- called also slade; also, the bottom of a furrow. (b) (Far.) The horny substance under a horse's foot, which protects the more tender parts. (c) (Fort.) The bottom of an embrasure. (d) (Naut.) A piece of timber attached to the lower part of the rudder, to make it even with the false keel. Totten.
(e) (Mining) The seat or bottom of a mine; -- applied to horizontal veins or lodes.

Sole leather, thick, strong, used for making the soles of boots and shoes, and for other purposes.

 Sole, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Soled (?); p. pr. & vb.
 n. Soling.] To furnish with a sole; as, to sole a shoe.

 Sole, a. [L. solus, or OF. sol, F. seul (fr.
 L. solus


a nervous system. Huxley.
 Sen*sig"e*nous (?), a. [L. sensus sense + -genous.]
 Causing or exciting sensation. Huxley.
 Sens"ism (?), n. Same as Sensualism, 2 & 3.

 Sens"ist, n. One who, in philosophy, holds to sensism.

 Sen"si*tive (?), a. [F. sensitif. See Sense.] 1.
 Having sense of feeling; possessing or exhibiting the capacity of receiving impressions from external objects; as, a sensitive soul.

2. Having quick and acute sensibility, either to the action of external objects, or to impressions upon the mind and feelings; highly susceptible; easily and acutely affected.

 She was too sensitive to abuse and calumny.

Macaulay.
3. (a) (Mech.) Having a capacity of being easily affected or moved; as, a sensitive thermometer; sensitive scales. (b) (Chem. & Photog.) Readily affected or changed by certain appropriate agents; as, silver chloride or bromide, when in contact with certain organic substances, is extremely sensitive to actinic rays.

4. Serving to affect the sense; sensible. [R.]

 A sensitive love of some sensitive objects.

Hammond.
5. Of or pertaining to sensation; depending on sensation; as, sensitive motions; sensitive muscular motions excited by irritation. E. Darwin.
Sensitive fern (Bot.), an American fern (Onoclea sensibilis), the leaves of which, when plucked, show a slight tendency to fold together. -- Sensitive flame (Physics), a gas flame so arranged that under a suitable adjustment of pressure it is exceedingly sensitive to sounds, being caused to roar, flare, or become suddenly shortened or extinguished, by slight sounds of the proper pitch. -- Sensitive joint vetch (Bot.), an annual leguminous herb (Æschynomene hispida), with sensitive foliage. -- Sensitive paper, paper prepared for photographic purpose by being rendered sensitive to the effect of light. -- Sensitive plant. (Bot.) (a) A leguminous plant (Mimosa pudica, or M. sensitiva, and other allied species), the leaves of which close at the slightest touch. (b) Any plant showing motions after irritation, as the sensitive brier (Schrankia) of the Southern States, two common American species of Cassia (C. nictitans, and C. Chamæcrista), a kind of sorrel (Oxalis sensitiva), etc.

 -- Sen"si*tive*ly (#), adv. -- Sen"si*tive*ness, n. Sen'si*tiv"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being sensitive; -- used chiefly in science and the arts; as, the sensitivity of iodized silver.

Sensitivity and emotivity have also been used as the scientific term for the capacity of feeling.

Hickok.
 Sen"si*tize (?), v. t. (Photog.) To render sensitive, or susceptible of being easily acted on by the actinic rays of the sun; as, sensitized paper or plate.

 Sen"si*ti'zer (?), n. (Photog.) An agent that sensitizes.

 The sensitizer should be poured on the middle of the sheet.

Wilis & Clements (The Platinotype).
 Sen"si*to*ry (?), n. See Sensory.

 Sens"ive (?), a. Having sense or sensibility; sensitive. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.
 Sen"sor (?), a. Sensory; as, the sensor nerves.

 Sen*so"ri*al (?), a. [Cf. F. sensorial. See Sensorium.] Of or pertaining to the sensorium; as, sensorial faculties, motions, powers. A. Tucker.
 Sen*so"ri*um (?), n.; pl. E. Sensoriums (#), L. Sensoria (#). [L., fr. sentire, sensum, to discern or perceive by the senses.] (Physiol.) The seat of sensation; the nervous center or centers to which impressions from the external world must be conveyed before they can be perceived; the place where external impressions are localized, and transformed into sensations, prior to being reflected to other parts of the organism; hence, the whole nervous system, when animated, so far as it is susceptible of common or special sensations.

 Sen*so'ri-vo*li"tion*al (?), a. (Physiol.) Concerned both in sensation and volition; -- applied to those nerve fibers which pass to and from the cerebrospinal axis, and are respectively concerned in sensation and volition. Dunglison.
 Sen"so*ry (?), n.; pl. Sensories (&?;). (Physiol.)
 Same as Sensorium.

 Sen"so*ry, a. (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to the sensorium or sensation; as, sensory impulses; -- especially applied to those nerves and nerve fibers which convey to a nerve center impulses resulting in sensation; also sometimes loosely employed in the sense of afferent, to indicate nerve fibers which convey impressions of any kind to a nerve center.

 Sen"su*al (?), a. [L. sensualis, from sensus sense: cf. F. sensuel.] 1. Pertaining to, consisting in, or affecting, the sense, or bodily organs of perception; relating to, or concerning, the body, in distinction from the spirit.

 Pleasing and sensual rites and ceremonies.

Bacon.
 Far as creation's ample range extends, The scale of sensual, mental powers ascends.

Pope.
2. Hence, not spiritual or intellectual; carnal; fleshly; pertaining to, or consisting in, the gratification of the senses, or the indulgence of appetites; wordly.

 These be they who separate themselves, sensual, having not the Spirit.

Jude 19.
 The greatest part of men are such as prefer... that good which is sensual before whatsoever is most divine.

Hooker.
3. Devoted to the pleasures of sense and appetite; luxurious; voluptuous; lewd; libidinous.

 No small part of virtue consists in abstaining from that wherein sensual men place their felicity.

Atterbury.
4. Pertaining or peculiar to the philosophical doctrine of sensualism.

 Sen"su*al*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. sensualisme.] 1. The condition or character of one who is sensual; subjection to sensual feelings and appetite; sensuality.

2. (Philos.) The doctrine that all our ideas, or the operations of the understanding, not only originate in sensation, but are transformed sensations, copies or relics of sensations; sensationalism; sensism.

3. (Ethics) The regarding of the gratification of the senses as the highest good. KrauthFleming.
 Sen"su*al*ist, n. [CF. F. sensualiste.] 1. One who is sensual; one given to the indulgence of the appetites or senses as the means of happiness.

2. One who holds to the doctrine of sensualism.

 Sen'su*al*is"tic (?), a. 1. Sensual.

2. Adopting or teaching the doctrines of sensualism.

 Sen'su*al"i*ty (?), n. [CF. F. sensualité, L. sensualitas sensibility, capacity for sensation.] The quality or state of being sensual; devotedness to the gratification of the bodily appetites; free indulgence in carnal or sensual pleasures; luxuriousness; voluptuousness; lewdness.

 Those pampered animals That rage in savage sensuality.

Shak.
 They avoid dress, lest they should have affections tainted by any sensuality.

Addison.
 Sen'su*al*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of sensualizing, or the state of being sensualized.

 Sen"su*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sensualized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sensualizing (?).] To make sensual; to subject to the love of sensual pleasure; to debase by


.
5. Away from contact; by reverse movement.

 The angel of the Lord... came, and rolled back the stone from the door. Matt. xxviii. 2.
6. In concealment or reserve; in one's own possession; as, to keep back the truth; to keep back part of the money due to another.

7. In a state of restraint or hindrance.

 The Lord hath kept thee back from honor. Numb. xxiv. 11.
8. In return, repayment, or requital.

 What have I to give you back? Shak.
9. In withdrawal from a statement, promise, or undertaking; as, he took back the offensive words.

10. In arrear; as, to be back in one's rent. [Colloq.]

Back and forth, backwards and forwards; to and fro. -- To go back on, to turn back from; to abandon; to betray; as, to go back on a friend; to go back on one's professions. [Colloq.]

 Back"a*rack (bk"*rk), n. See Bacharach.

 Bac*ka"re (&?;), interj. Same as Baccare.

 Back"band' (-bnd), n. [2d back, n. + band.] (Saddlery) The band which passes over the back of a horse and holds up the shafts of a carriage.

 Back"bite', v. t. [2d back, n. + bite.] To wound by clandestine detraction; to censure meanly or spitefully (an absent person); to slander or speak evil of (one absent). Spenser.
 Back"bite', v. i. To censure or revile the absent.

 They are arrant knaves, and will backbite. Shak.
 Back"bit'er (&?;), n. One who backbites; a secret calumniator or detractor.

 Back"bit'ing (&?;), n. Secret slander; detraction.

Backbiting, and bearing of false witness. Piers Plowman.
 Back"board' (&?;), n. [2d back, n. + board.]

1. A board which supports the back when one is sitting; specifically, the board athwart the after part of a boat.

2. A board serving as the back part of anything, as of a wagon.

3. A thin stuff used for the backs of framed pictures, mirrors, etc.

4. A board attached to the rim of a water wheel to prevent the water from running off the floats or paddles into the interior of the wheel. W. Nicholson.
5. A board worn across the back to give erectness to the figure. Thackeray.
 Back"bond' (-bnd'), n. [Back, adv. + bond.] (Scots Law) An instrument which, in conjunction with another making an absolute disposition, constitutes a trust.

 Back"bone" (-bn'), n. [2d back, n. + bone.]

1. The column of bones in the back which sustains and gives firmness to the frame; the spine; the vertebral or spinal column.

2. Anything like, or serving the purpose of, a backbone.

 The lofty mountains on the north side compose the granitic axis, or backbone of the country. Darwin.
 We have now come to the backbone of our subject. Earle.
3. Firmness; moral principle; steadfastness.

 Shelley's thought never had any backbone. Shairp.
To the backbone, through and through; thoroughly; entirely.
 "Staunch to the backbone." Lord Lytton.
 Back"boned" (&?;), a. Vertebrate.

 Back"cast' (-kst'), n. [Back, adv. + cast.] Anything which brings misfortune upon one, or causes failure in an effort or enterprise; a reverse. [Scot.]

 Back" door" (&?;). A door in the back part of a building; hence, an indirect way. Atterbury.
 Back"door", a. Acting from behind and in concealment; backstairs; as, backdoor intrigues.

 Back"down' (&?;), n. A receding or giving up; a complete surrender. [Colloq.]

 Backed (bkt), a. Having a back; fitted with a back; as, a backed electrotype or stereotype plate. Used in composition; as, broad-backed; hump-backed.

 Back"er (bk"r), n. One who, or that which, backs; especially one who backs a person or thing in a contest.

 Back"fall' (-fl'), n. [2d back, n. + fall.] A fall or throw on the back in wrestling.

 Back"friend' (&?;), n. [Back, n. or adv. + friend.]
 A secret enemy. [Obs.] South.
 Back"gam'mon (&?;), n. [Origin unknown; perhaps fr. Dan. bakke tray + E. game; or very likely the first part is from E. back, adv., and the game is so called because the men are often set back.]
 A game of chance and skill, played by two persons on a "board" marked off into twenty-four spaces called "points". Each player has fifteen pieces, or "men", the movements of which from point to point are determined by throwing dice. Formerly called tables.

Backgammon board, a board for playing backgammon, often made in the form of two rectangular trays hinged together, each tray containing two "tables".

 Back"gam'mon, v. t. In the game of backgammon, to beat by ending the game before the loser is clear of his first "table".

 Back"ground' (&?;), n. [Back, a. + ground.]

1. Ground in the rear or behind, or in the distance, as opposed to the foreground, or the ground in front.

2. (Paint.) The space which is behind and subordinate to a portrait or group of figures.

 The distance in a picture is usually divided into foreground, middle distance, and background. Fairholt.
3. Anything behind, serving as a foil; as, the statue had a background of red hangings.

4. A place in obscurity or retirement, or out of sight.

 I fancy there was a background of grinding and waiting before Miss Torry could produce this highly finished... performance. Mrs.
 Alexander.
 A husband somewhere in the background. Thackeray.
To place in the background, to make of little consequence.

 Back"hand' (&?;), n. [Back, adv. + hand.] A kind of handwriting in which the downward slope of the letters is from left to right.

 Back"hand', a. 1. Sloping from left to right; -- said of handwriting.

2. Backhanded; indirect; oblique. [R.]

 Back"hand'ed, a. 1. With the hand turned backward; as, a backhanded blow.

2. Indirect; awkward; insincere; sarcastic; as, a backhanded compliment.

3. Turned back, or inclining to the left; as, backhanded letters.

 Back"hand'ed*ness, n. State of being backhanded; the using of backhanded or indirect methods.

 Back"hand'er (&?;), n. A backhanded blow.

 Back"house' (&?;), n. [Back, a. + house.] A building behind the main building. Specifically: A privy; a necessary.

 Back"ing, n. 1. The act of moving backward, or of putting or moving anything backward.

2. That which is behind, and forms the back of, anything, usually giving strength or stability.

3. Support or aid given to a person or cause.

4. (Bookbinding) The preparation of the back of a book with glue, etc., before putting on the cover.

 Back"joint' (&?;


. 1.
 Men hotly pursued after the objects of their ambition.

Earle.
2. To go on; to proceed, especially in argument or discourse; to continue.

 [A Gallicism] I have, pursues Carneades, wondered chemists should not consider.

Boyle.
3. (Law) To follow a matter judicially, as a complaining party; to act as a prosecutor. Burrill.
 Pur*su"er (?), n. 1. One who pursues or chases; one who follows in haste, with a view to overtake.

2. (Eccl. & Scots Law) A plaintiff; a prosecutor.

 Pur*suit" (?), n. [F. poursuite, fr. poursuivre. See Pursue, v. t.] 1. The act of following or going after; esp., a following with haste, either for sport or in hostility; chase; prosecution; as, the pursuit of game; the pursuit of an enemy. Clarendon.
 Weak we are, and can not shun pursuit.

Shak.
2. A following with a view to reach, accomplish, or obtain; endeavor to attain to or gain; as, the pursuit of knowledge; the pursuit of happiness or pleasure.

3. Course of business or occupation; continued employment with a view to same end; as, mercantile pursuits; a literary pursuit.

4. (Law) Prosecution. [Obs.]

 That pursuit for tithes ought, and of ancient time did pertain to the spiritual court.

Fuller.
Curve of pursuit (Geom.), a curve described by a point which is at each instant moving towards a second point, which is itself moving according to some specified law.

 Pur"sui*vant (?), n. [F. poursuivant, fr. poursuivre.
 See Pursue, and cf. Pursuant.] [Written also poursuivant.] 1.
(Heralds' College) A functionary of lower rank than a herald, but discharging similar duties; -- called also pursuivant at arms; an attendant of the heralds. Also used figuratively.

 The herald Hope, forerunning Fear, And Fear, the pursuivant of Hope.

Longfellow.
2. The king's messenger; a state messenger.

 One pursuivant who attempted to execute a warrant there was murdered.

Macaulay.
 Pur"sui*vant, v. t. To pursue. [Obs. & R.]

 Their navy was pursuivanted after with a horrible tempest.

Fuller.
 Pur"sy (?), a. [OF. pourcif, poulsif, poussif, fr. pousser to push, thrust, heave, OF. also poulser: cf. F. pousse the heaves, asthma. See Push.] Fat and short-breathed; fat, short, and thick; swelled with pampering; as, pursy insolence. Shak.
Pursy important he sat him down.

Sir W. Scot.
 Pur"te*nance (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. appurtenance.] That which pertains or belongs to something; esp., the heard, liver, and lungs of an animal. [Obs.] " The purtenaunces of purgatory." Piers Plowman.
 Roast [it] with fire, his head with his legs, and with the purtenance [Rev. Ver., inwards] thereof.

Ex. xii. 9.
 { Pu"ru*lence (?), Pu"ru*len*cy (?), } n. [L. purulentia: cf. F. purulence.] (Med.) The quality or state of being purulent; the generation of pus; also, the pus itself. Arbuthnot.
 Pu"ru*lent (?), a. [L. purulentus, fr. pus, puris, pus, matter: cf. F. purulent. See Pus.] (Med.) Consisting of pus, or matter; partaking of the nature of pus; attended with suppuration; as, purulent inflammation.

 Pu"ru*lent*ly, v. In a purulent manner.

 { Pur"ve*ance (?), Pur"vei*aunce' (?) }, n. Purveyance. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Pur*vey" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purveyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Purveying.] [OE. purveien, porveien, OF. porveeir, porveoir, F. pourvoir, fr. L. providere.
 See Provide, and cf. Purview.] 1. To furnish or provide, as with a convenience, provisions, or the like.

 Give no odds to your foes, but do purvey Yourself of sword before that bloody day.

Spenser.
2. To procure; to get.

 I mean to purvey me a wife after the fashion of the children of Benjamin.

Sir W. Scot.
 Pur*vey", v. i. 1. To purchase provisions; to provide; to make provision. Chaucer. Milton.
2. To pander; -- with to. " Their turpitude purveys to their malice." [R.] Burke.
 Pur*vey"ance (?), n. [Cf. F. pourvoyance.] 1. The act or process of providing or procuring; providence; foresight; preparation; management. Chaucer.
 The ill purveyance of his page.

Spenser.
2. That which is provided; provisions; food.

3. (Eng. Law) A providing necessaries for the sovereign by buying them at an appraised value in preference to all others, and oven without the owner's consent. This was formerly a royal prerogative, but has long been abolished. Wharton.
 Pur*vey"or (?), n. [OE. porveour, OF. pourveor, F. pourvoyeur.
 See Purvey, and cf. Proveditor.] 1. One who provides victuals, or whose business is to make provision for the table; a victualer; a caterer.

2. An officer who formerly provided, or exacted provision, for the king's household. [Eng.]

3. a procurer; a pimp; a bawd. Addison.
 Pur"view (?), n. [OF. purveu, pourveu, F. pourvu, provided, p. p. of OF. porveoir, F. pourvoir. See Purvey, View, and cf. Proviso.] 1. (a) (Law) The body of a statute, or that part which begins with " Be it enacted, " as distinguished from the preamble. Cowell. (b) Hence: The limit or scope of a statute; the whole extent of its intention or provisions. Marshall.
 Profanations within the purview of several statutes.

Bacon.
2. Limit or sphere of authority; scope; extent.

 In determining the extent of information required in the exercise of a particular authority, recourse must be had to the objects within the purview of that authority.

Madison.
 Pus (?), n. [L., akin to Gr. &?;, &?;, and to E. foul: cf. F. pus. See Foul, a.] (Med.) The yellowish white opaque creamy matter produced by the process of suppuration. It consists of innumerable white nucleated cells floating in a clear liquid.

 Pu"sane (?), n. (Anc. Armor) A piece of armor for the breast; often, an addition to, or reënforcement of. the breastplate; -- called also pesane.

 Pu"sey*ism (?), n. (Ch. of Eng.) The principles of Dr. Pusey and others at Oxford, England, as exhibited in various publications, esp.
 in a series which appeared from 1833 to 1841, designated " Tracts for the Times;" tractarianism. See Tractarianism.