the Alemannic. Amer.
 Cyc.
 A*lem"bic (*lm"bk), n. [F. alambic (cf. Sp. alambique), Ar. al-anbq, fr. Gr. 'a'mbix cup, cap of a still. The cap or head was the alembic proper. Cf. Limbec.] An apparatus formerly used in distillation, usually made of glass or metal. It has mostly given place to the retort and worm still. Used also metaphorically.
 The alembic of a great poet's imagination. Brimley.
 A*lem"broth (-brth), n. [Origin uncertain.] The salt of wisdom of the alchemists, a double salt composed of the chlorides of ammonium and mercury. It was formerly used as a stimulant. Brande & C. A'len'çon" lace" (&?;). See under Lace.

 A*length" (*lngth"), adv. [Pref. a- + length.] At full length; lengthwise. Chaucer.
 A*lep"i*dote, a. [Gr. 'a priv. + &?;, &?;, a scale.] (Zoöl.)
 Not having scales. -- n. A fish without scales.

 Ale"pole' (&?;), n. A pole set up as the sign of an alehouse.
 [Obs.]

 A*lert" (*lrt"), a. [F. alerte, earlier à l'erte on the watch, fr. It. all' erta on the watch, prop. (standing) on a height, where one can look around; erta a declivity, steep, erto steep, p. p. of ergere, erigere, to erect, raise, L. erigere.
 See Erect.] 1. Watchful; vigilant; active in vigilance.

2. Brisk; nimble; moving with celerity.

 An alert young fellow. Addison.
Syn. -- Active; agile; lively; quick; prompt.

 A*lert", n. (Mil.) An alarm from a real or threatened attack; a sudden attack; also, a bugle sound to give warning. "We have had an alert." Farrow.
On the alert, on the lookout or watch against attack or danger; ready to act.

 A*lert"ly, adv. In an alert manner; nimbly.

 A*lert"ness, n. The quality of being alert or on the alert; briskness; nimbleness; activity.

 Ale" sil'ver (&?;). A duty payable to the lord mayor of London by the sellers of ale within the city.

 Ale"stake (&?;), n. A stake or pole projecting from, or set up before, an alehouse, as a sign; an alepole. At the end was commonly suspended a garland, a bunch of leaves, or a "bush." [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Ale"tast'er (&?;), n. See Aleconner. [Eng.]

 A*le'thi*ol"o*gy (&?;), n. [Gr. &?; truth + -logy.]
 The science which treats of the nature of truth and evidence. Sir W. Hamilton.
 A*leth"o*scope (&?;), n. [Gr. &?; true + &?; to view.]
 An instrument for viewing pictures by means of a lens, so as to present them in their natural proportions and relations.

 A*leu"ro*man'cy (&?;), n. [Gr. &?; wheaten flour + -mancy: cf. F. aleuromancie.] Divination by means of flour. Encyc. Brit.
 Al'eu*rom"e*ter (&?;), n. [Gr. &?; flour + -meter.]
 An instrument for determining the expansive properties, or quality, of gluten in flour. Knight.
 A*leu"rone (&?;), n. [Gr. &?; flour.] (Bot.) An albuminoid substance which occurs in minute grains ("protein granules") in maturing seeds and tubers; -- supposed to be a modification of protoplasm.

 Al'eu*ron"ic (&?;), a. (Bot.) Having the nature of aleurone. D. C. Eaton.
 { A*leu"tian (&?;), A*leu"tic (&?;), } a. [Said to be from the Russ. aleut a bold rock.] Of or pertaining to a chain of islands between Alaska and Kamtchatka; also, designating these islands.

 Al"e*vin (&?;), n. [F. alevin, OF. alever to rear, fr. L. ad + levare to raise.] Young fish; fry.

 A*lew" (&?;), n. Halloo. [Obs.] Spenser.
 Ale"wife' (&?;), n.; pl. Alewives (&?;). A woman who keeps an alehouse. Gay.
 Ale"wife', n.; pl. Alewives. [This word is properly aloof, the Indian name of a fish. See Winthrop on the culture of maize in America, "Phil Trans." No. 142, p. 1065, and Baddam's "Memoirs," vol. ii. p. 131.] (Zoöl.) A North American fish (Clupea vernalis) of the Herring family. It is called also ellwife, ellwhop, branch herring. The name is locally applied to other related species.

 Al'ex*an"ders (&?;), Al'i*san"ders (&?;), n. [OE. alisaundre, OF. alissandere, fr. Alexander or Alexandria.] (Bot) A name given to two species of the genus Smyrnium, formerly cultivated and used as celery now is; -- called also horse parsely.

 Al'ex*an"dri*an (&?;), a. 1. Of or pertaining to Alexandria in Egypt; as, the Alexandrian library.

2. Applied to a kind of heroic verse. See Alexandrine, n. Al'ex*an"drine (?; 277), a. Belonging to Alexandria; Alexandrian.
 Bancroft.
 Al'ex*an"drine (&?;), n. [F. alexandrin.] A kind of verse consisting in English of twelve syllables.

 The needless Alexandrine ends the song, That, like a wounded snake, drags its slow length along. Pope.
 { A*lex'i*phar"mac (&?;), A*lex'i*phar"ma*cal (&?;), } a. & n. [See Alexipharmic.] Alexipharmic. [Obs.]

 { A*lex'i*phar"mic (&?;), A*lex'i*phar"mic*al (&?;), } a.
 [Gr. &?; keeping off poison; &?; to keep off + &?; drug, poison: cf. F. alexipharmaque.] (Med.) Expelling or counteracting poison; antidotal.

 A*lex'i*phar"mic (&?;), n. (Med.) An antidote against poison or infection; a counterpoison.

 A*lex'i*py*ret"ic (&?;), a. [Gr. &?; + &?; burning heat, fever, &?; fire.] (Med.) Serving to drive off fever; antifebrile. -- n. A febrifuge.

 { A*lex'i*ter"ic (&?;), A*lex'i*ter"ic*al (&?;), } a. [Gr.
 &?; fit to keep off or help, fr. &?; one who keeps off, helper; &?; to keep off: cf. F. alexitère.] (Med.)
 Resisting poison; obviating the effects of venom; alexipharmic.

 A*lex'i*ter"ic, n. [Gr. &?; a remedy


is an example.

 Our common arums -- the lords and ladies of village children.
Lubbock.
 The American "Jack in the pulpit" is now separated from the genus Arum.

 Ar'un*del"ian (&?;), a. Pertaining to an Earl of Arundel; as, Arundel or Arundelian marbles, marbles from ancient Greece, bought by the Earl of Arundel in 1624.

 Ar'un*dif"er*ous, a. [L. arundifer; arundo reed + ferre to bear.] Producing reeds or canes.

 A*run'di*na"ceous (&?;), a. [L. arundinaceus, fr. arundo reed.] Of or pertaining to a reed; resembling the reed or cane.

 Ar'un*din"e*ous (&?;), a. [L. arundineus, fr. arundo reed.] Abounding with reeds; reedy.

 ||A*rus"pex (&?;), n.; pl. Aruspices (&?;).
 [L. aruspex or haruspex.] One of the class of diviners among the Etruscans and Romans, who foretold events by the inspection of the entrails of victims offered on the altars of the gods.

 A*rus"pice (&?;), n. [L. aruspex: cf. F. aruspice.
 Cf. Aruspex, Haruspice.] A soothsayer of ancient Rome. Same as Aruspex.
 [Written also haruspice.]

 A*rus"pi*cy (&?;), n. [L. aruspicium, haruspicium.]
 Prognostication by inspection of the entrails of victims slain sacrifice.

 Ar"val (&?;), n. [W. arwyl funeral; ar over + wylo to weep, or cf. arföl; Icel. arfr inheritance + Sw. öl ale. Cf. Bridal.] A funeral feast. [North of Eng.] Grose.
 Ar"vi*cole (&?;), n. [L. arvum field + colere to inhabit.] (Zoöl.) A mouse of the genus Arvicola; the meadow mouse. There are many species.

 Ar"yan (är"yan or r"*an), n. [Skr. rya excellent, honorable; akin to the name of the country Iran, and perh. to Erin, Ireland, and the early name of this people, at least in Asia.] 1. One of a primitive people supposed to have lived in prehistoric times, in Central Asia, east of the Caspian Sea, and north of the Hindoo Koosh and Paropamisan Mountains, and to have been the stock from which sprang the Hindoo, Persian, Greek, Latin, Celtic, Teutonic, Slavonic, and other races; one of that ethnological division of mankind called also Indo-European or Indo-Germanic.

 2. The language of the original Aryans. [Written also Arian.]

 Ar"yan (är"yan or r"*an), a. Of or pertaining to the people called Aryans; Indo-European; Indo-Germanic; as, the Aryan stock, the Aryan languages.

 Ar"yan*ize, v. t. To make Aryan (a language, or in language). K. Johnston.
 A*ryt"e*noid (&?;), a. [Gr. &?; shaped like a ladle; &?; a ladle + &?; form.] (Anat.) Ladle-shaped; -- applied to two small cartilages of the larynx, and also to the glands, muscles, etc., connected with them. The cartilages are attached to the cricoid cartilage and connected with the vocal cords.

 As (z), adv. & conj. [OE. as, als, alse, also, al swa, AS. eal sw, lit. all so; hence, quite so, quite as: cf. G. als as, than, also so, then. See Also.]
 1. Denoting equality or likeness in kind, degree, or manner; like; similar to; in the same manner with or in which; in accordance with; in proportion to; to the extent or degree in which or to which; equally; no less than; as, ye shall be as gods, knowing good and evil; you will reap as you sow; do as you are bidden.

 His spiritual attendants adjured him, as he loved his soul, to emancipate his brethren. Macaulay.
As is often preceded by one of the antecedent or correlative words such, same, so, or as, in expressing an equality or comparison; as, give us such things as you please, and so long as you please, or as long as you please; he is not so brave as Cato; she is as amiable as she is handsome; come as quickly as possible. "Bees appear fortunately to prefer the same colors as we do." Lubbock. As, in a preceding part of a sentence, has such or so to answer correlatively to it; as with the people, so with the priest.

2. In the idea, character, or condition of, -- limiting the view to certain attributes or relations; as, virtue considered as virtue; this actor will appear as Hamlet.

 The beggar is greater as a man, than is the man merely as a king. Dewey.
3. While; during or at the same time that; when; as, he trembled as he spoke.

As I return I will fetch off these justices. Shak.
4. Because; since; it being the case that.

As the population of Scotland had been generally trained to arms ... they were not indifferently prepared. Sir W. Scott.
 [See Synonym under Because.]

5. Expressing concession. (Often approaching though in meaning).

 We wish, however, to avail ourselves of the interest, transient as it may be, which this work has excited. Macaulay.
6. That, introducing or expressing a result or consequence, after the correlatives so and such. [Obs.]

 I can place thee in such abject state, as help shall never find thee. Rowe.
So as, so that. [Obs.]

 The relations are so uncertain as they require a great deal of examination. Bacon.
7. As if; as though. [Obs. or Poetic] He lies, as he his bliss did know. Waller.
8. For instance; by way of example; thus; -- used to introduce illustrative phrases, sentences, or citations.

9. Than. [Obs. & R.]

 The king was not more forward to bestow favors on them as they free to deal affronts to others their superiors. Fuller.
10. Expressing a wish. [Obs.] "As have," i. e., may he have. Chaucer.
As.. as. See So.. as, under So. -- As far as, to the extent or degree. "As far as can be ascertained." Macaulay.
 -- As far forth as, as far as. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- As for, or As to, in regard to; with respect to. -- As good as, not less than; not falling short of. -- As good as one's word, faithful to a promise. -- As if, or As though, of the same kind, or in the same condition or manner, that it would be if. -- As it were (as if it were), a qualifying phrase used to apologize for or to relieve some expression which might be regarded as inappropriate or incongruous; in a manner. -- As now, just now. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- As swythe, as quickly as possible. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- As well


He severely threatens such with the thunderbolt of excommunication.

Hakewill.
4. (Paleon.) A belemnite, or thunderstone.

Thunderbolt beetle (Zoöl.), a longhorned beetle (Arhopalus fulminans) whose larva bores in the trunk of oak and chestnut trees.
 It is brownish and bluish-black, with W-shaped whitish or silvery markings on the elytra.

 Thun"der*burst' (?), n. A burst of thunder.

 Thun"der*clap' (?), n. A sharp burst of thunder; a sudden report of a discharge of atmospheric electricity. "Thunderclaps that make them quake." Spenser.
 When suddenly the thunderclap was heard.

Dryden.
 Thun"der*cloud' (?), n. A cloud charged with electricity, and producing lightning and thunder.

 Thun"der*er (?), n. One who thunders; — used especially as a translation of L. tonans, an epithet applied by the Romans to several of their gods, esp. to Jupiter.

 That dreadful oath which binds the Thunderer.

Pope.
 Thun"der*fish' (?), n. (Zoöl.) A large European loach (Misgurnus fossilis).

 Thun"der*head' (?), n. A rounded mass of cloud, with shining white edges; a cumulus, — often appearing before a thunderstorm.

 Thun"der*ing, a. 1. Emitting thunder.

 Roll the thundering chariot o'er the ground.

J. Trumbull.
2. Very great; — often adverbially. [Slang] — Thun"der*ing*ly, adv.
 Thun"der*ing, n. Thunder. Rev. iv. 5.
 Thun"der*less, a. Without thunder or noise.

 Thun"der*ous (?), a. [Written also thundrous.] 1.
 Producing thunder. [R.]

 How he before the thunderous throne doth lie.

Milton.
2. Making a noise like thunder; sounding loud and deep; sonorous.

 — Thun"der*ous*ly, adv.
 Thun"der*proof' (?), a. Secure against the effects of thunder or lightning.

 Thun"der*show'er (?), n. A shower accompanied with lightning and thunder.

 Thun"der*stone' (?), n. 1. A thunderbolt, — formerly believed to be a stone.

 Fear no more the lightning flash, Nor the all-dreaded thunderstone.

Shak.
2. (Paleon.) A belemnite. See Belemnite.

 Thun"der*storm' (?), n. A storm accompanied with lightning and thunder.

 Thun"der*strike' (?), v. t. [imp. Thunderstruck (?); p. p. Thunderstruck, -strucken (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n.
 Thunderstriking.] 1. To strike, blast, or injure by, or as by, lightning. [R.] Sir P. Sidney.
2. To astonish, or strike dumb, as with something terrible; — rarely used except in the past participle.

 drove before him, thunderstruck.

Milton.
 Thun"der*worm' (?), n. (Zoöl.) A small, footless, burrowing, snakelike lizard (Rhineura Floridana) allied to Amphisbæna, native of Florida; — so called because it leaves its burrows after a thundershower.

 Thun"der*y (?), a. Accompanied with thunder; thunderous. [R.] "Thundery weather." Pennant.
 Thun"drous (?), a. Thunderous; sonorous. "Scraps of thunderous epic." Tennyson.
 Thun"ny (?), n. (Zoöl.) The tunny. [R.]

 Thurgh (?), prep. Through. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Thurgh"fare' (?), n. Thoroughfare. [Obs.]

 This world is but a thurghfare full of woe.

Chaucer.
 Thu"ri*ble (?), n. [L. thuribulum, turibulum, from thus, thuris, or better tus, turis, frankincense, fr. Gr.
 &?; a sacrifice, an offering, from &?; to sacrifice.] (R. C.
 Ch.) A censer of metal, for burning incense, having various forms, held in the hand or suspended by chains; — used especially at mass, vespers, and other solemn services. Fairholt.
 Thu*rif"er*ous (?), a. [L. thurifer, turifer; thus frankincense + -ferre to bear.] Producing or bearing frankincense.

 Thu'ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. thus incense + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] The act of fuming with incense, or the act of burning incense.

 Thu*rin"gi*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Thuringia, a country in Germany, or its people. — n. A native, or inhabitant of Thuringia.

 Thu*rin"gite (?), n. [From Thuringia, where it is found.] (Min.)
 A mineral occurring as an aggregation of minute scales having an olive-green color and pearly luster. It is a hydrous silicate of aluminia and iron.

 Thurl (?), n. [AS. þyrel a hole. √53. See Thirl, Thrill.] 1. A hole; an aperture. [Obs.]

2. (Mining) (a) A short communication between adits in a mine. (b) A long adit in a coalpit.

 Thurl, v. t. [See Thrill.] 1. To cut through; to pierce.
 [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
2. (Mining) To cut through, as a partition between one working and another.

 Thurl"ing, n. (Mining) Same as Thurl, n., 2 (a).

 Thur"rok (?), n. [AS. þurruc a boat.] The hold of a ship; a sink. [Obs.]

 Small drops of water that enter through a little crevice into the thurrok and into the bottom of a ship.

Chaucer.
 Thurs"day (?), n. [OE. þursdei, þorsday, from the Scand. name Thor + E. day. Icel. þrr Thor, the god of thunder, is akin to AS. þunor thunder; D. Donderdag Thursday, G. Donnerstag, Icel. þrsdagr, Sw. & Dan.
 Torsdag. √52. See Thor, Thunder, and Day.] The fifth day of the week, following Wednesday and preceding Friday.

Holy Thursday. See under Holy.

 Thurst (?), n. (Coal Mining) The ruins of the fallen roof resulting from the removal of the pillars and stalls. Raymond.
 ||Thus (?), n. [L. thus, better tus, frankincense.
 See Thurible.] The commoner kind of frankincense, or that obtained from the Norway spruce, the long-leaved pine, and other conifers.

 Thus (us), adv. [OE. thus, AS. ðus; akin to OFries. & OS. thus, D. dus, and E. that; cf. OHG.
 sus. See That.] 1. In this or that manner; on this wise.

Thus did Noah; according to all that God commanded him, so did he.

Gen. vi. 22.
Thus God the heaven created, thus the earth.

Milton.
2. To this degree or extent; so far; so; as, thus wise; thus peaceble


having such an after part.

3. = Tonne.

 Ton*tine" in*su"rance. (Life Insurance) Insurance in which the benefits of the insurance are distributed upon the tontine principle.
 Under the old, or full tontine, plan, all benefits were forfeited on lapsed policies, on the policies of those who died within the tontine period only the face of the policy was paid without any share of the surplus, and the survivor at the end of the tontine period received the entire surplus. This plan of tontine insurance has been replaced in the United States by the semitontine plan, in which the surplus is divided among the holders of policies in force at the termination of the tontine period, but the reverse for the paid-up value is paid on lapsed policies, and on the policies of those that have died the face is paid.
 Other modified forms are called free tontine, deferred dividend, etc., according to the nature of the tontine arrangement.

 Tool (tl), v. i. [Cf. Tool, v. t., 2.] To travel in a vehicle; to ride or drive. [Colloq.]

 Boys on their bicycles tooling along the wellkept roads.

Illust. American.
 Tool steel. Hard steel, usually crucible steel, capable of being tempered so as to be suitable for tools.

 Too"tle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tootled (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Tootling (?).] [Freq. of toot.] To toot gently, repeatedly, or continuously, on a wind instrument, as a flute; also, to make a similar noise by any means. "The tootling robin." John Clare.
 Top, n. (Golf) (a) A stroke on the top of the ball.
 (b) A forward spin given to the ball by hitting it on or near the top. -- From top to toe, from head to foot; altogether.

 Top, v. t. 1. (Dyeing) To cover with another dye; as, to top aniline black with methyl violet to prevent greening and crocking.

2. To put a stiffening piece or back on (a saw blade).

3. To arrange, as fruit, with the best on top. [Cant] 4. To strike the top of, as a wall, with the hind feet, in jumping, so as to gain new impetus; -- said of a horse.

5. To improve (domestic animals, esp. sheep) by crossing certain individuals or breeds with other superior.

6. (Naut.) To raise one end of, as a yard, so that that end becomes higher than the other.

7. To cut, break, or otherwise take off the top of (a steel ingot) to remove unsound metal.

8. (Golf) To strike (the ball) above the center; also, to make (as a stroke) by hitting the ball in this way.

 Top, v. i. 1. (Golf) To strike a ball above the center.

2. (Naut.) To rise at one end, as a yard; -- usually with up.

 To"pek (?), n. [Eskimo tupek.] An ESkimo house made of material other than snow, esp. one having walls of turf, driftwood, rock, or skin, and a roof of skins of the walrus or seal. In Alaska it is often partially underground and covered with timber and turf. Topeks are also used by Indians of the lower Yukon region.

 Top fermentation. An alcoholic fermentation during which the yeast cells are carried to the top of the fermening liquid. It proceeds with some violence and requires a temperature of 14- 30° C. (58-86° F.). It is used in the production of ale, porter, etc., and of wines high in alcohol, and in distilling.

 To"pi (?), n. An antelope (Damaliscus corrigum jimela) having a glossy purplish brown coat. It is related to the blesbok and is native of British East Africa. Also, any of various related varieties of other districts south of the Sahara.

 Top"o*nym (?), n. A name of a place; more broadly, a name, as in the binomial name of a plant, based on, or derived from, a place name, or based on the location of the thing named.

 To*pon"y*my (?), n. A system of toponyms; the use of toponyms. -- To*pon"y*mal (#), Top'o*nym"ic (#), Top'o*nym"ic*al (#), a. Top"o*phone (?), n. [Gr. &?; place + Gr. &?; sound.] A double ear trumpet for estimating the direction from which sounds proceed, esp. for the use of navigators.

 Top out. (Building) To top off; to finish by putting on a cap of top (uppermost) course (called a top'pingout" course).

 Top"per (?), n. 1. One that tops, in any sense of the verb; specif.: (a) A cover of a top layer or part. [Colloq.] (b) One that excels, surpasses, or is extraordinary of its kind. [Slang] (c) Any device for cutting off tops; as, a turnip topper. (d) One who tops steel ingots. (e) A three-square float (file) used by comb makers.

2. A top hat. [Slang or Colloq.]

3. Tobacco left in the bottom of a pipe bowl; -- so called from its being often taken out and placed on top of the newly filled bowl. Also, a cigar stump. [Slang] Top"ping, n. (Angling) The tail of an artificial fly.

 Top rake. (Mech.) The angle that the front edge of the point of a tool is set back from the normal to the surface being cut.

 { ||To"rah, ||To"ra } (?), n.; pl. Toroth (#). [Heb. trh.]
 (Jewish Lit.) (a) A law; a precept.

 A considerable body of priestly Toroth.

S. R. Driver.
(b) Divine instruction; revelation.

Tora,... before the time of Malachi, is generally used of the revelations of God's will made through the prophets.

T. K. Cheyne.
(c) The Pentateuch or "Law of Moses."

 The Hebrew Bible is divided into three parts: (1) The Torah, "Law," or Pentateuch. (2) The Prophets... (3) The Kethubim, or the "Writings," generally termed Hagiographa.

C. H. H. Wright.
 { To"ran (?), ||To"ra*na (?) }, n. [Skr. traa an arch, a gate.] (Indian Arch.) A gateway, commonly of wood, but sometimes of stone, consisting of two upright pillars carrying one to three transverse lintels. It is often minutely carved with symbolic sculpture, and serves as a monumental approach to a Buddhist temple.

 Tor"chon pa"per (?). [F. papier torchon.] Paper with a rough surface; esp., handmade paper of great hardness for the use of painters in water colors.

 Torch race. A race by men carrying torches, as in ancient Greece.

 Tor*pe"do, n. An automobile with a torpedo body. [Cant] Tor*pe"do-boat' de*stroy"er. A larger, swifter, and more powerful armed type of torpedo boat, originally intended principally for the destruction of torpedo boats, but later used also as a more formidable torpedo boat.

 Tor*pe"do body. An automobile body which is built so that the side


of a leguminous woody climbing plant (Entada scandens) growing in tropical India and America. They contain hard round flattish seeds two inches in diameter, which are made into boxes.

 Scin"coid (?), a. [L. scincus a kind of lizard (fr. Gr.
 &?;) + -oid. Cf. Skink.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the family Scincidæ, or skinks. -- n. A scincoidian.

 ||Scin*coi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A tribe of lizards including the skinks. See Skink.

 Scin*coid"i*an (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of lizards of the family Scincidæ or tribe Scincoidea. The tongue is not extensile. The body and tail are covered with overlapping scales, and the toes are margined. See Illust.
 under Skink.

 Scin"iph (?), n. [L. scinifes, cinifes, or ciniphes, pl., Gr. &?;.] Some kind of stinging or biting insect, as a flea, a gnat, a sandfly, or the like. Ex. viii. 17 (Douay version).
 Scink (?), n. (Zoöl.) A skink.

 Scink (?), n. A slunk calf. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

 ||Scin*til"la (?), n. [L.] A spark; the least particle; an iota; a tittle. R. North.
 Scin"til*lant (?), a. [L. scintillans, p. pr. of scintillare to sparkle. See Scintillate.] Emitting sparks, or fine igneous particles; sparkling. M. Green.
 Scin"til*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Scintillated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Scintillating.] [L. scintillare, scintillatum, from scintilla a spark. Cf. Stencil.] 1. To emit sparks, or fine igneous particles.

 As the electrical globe only scintillates when rubbed against its cushion.

Sir W. Scott.
2. To sparkle, as the fixed stars.

 Scin'til*la"tion (?), n. [L. scintillatio: cf. F. scintillation.]
 1. The act of scintillating.

2. A spark or flash emitted in scintillating.

 These scintillations are... the inflammable effluences discharged from the bodies collided.

Sir T. Browne.
 Scin"til*lous (?), a. Scintillant. [R.]

 Scin"til*lous*ly, adv. In a scintillant manner. [R.]

 Sci*og"ra*phy (?), n. See Sciagraphy.

 Sci"o*lism (?), n. [See Sciolist.] The knowledge of a sciolist; superficial knowledge.

 Sci"o*list (?), n. [L. sciolus. See Sciolous.] One who knows many things superficially; a pretender to science; a smatterer.

 These passages in that book were enough to humble the presumption of our modern sciolists, if their pride were not as great as their ignorance.

Sir W. Temple.
 A master were lauded and sciolists shent.

R. Browning.
 Sci'o*lis"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to sciolism, or a sciolist; partaking of sciolism; resembling a sciolist.

 Sci"o*lous (?), a. [L. scilus, dim. of scius knowing, fr. scire to know. See Science.] Knowing superficially or imperfectly. Howell.
 Sci*om"a*chy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;; &?; a shadow + &?; battle: cf. F. sciomachie, sciamachie.] A fighting with a shadow; a mock contest; an imaginary or futile combat. [Written also scimachy.] Cowley.
 Sci"o*man'cy (?), n. [Gr. &?; a shadow + -mancy: cf. F. sciomance, sciamancie.] Divination by means of shadows.

 Sci"on (?), n. [OF. cion, F. scion, probably from scier to saw, fr. L. secare to cut. Cf. Section.] 1. (Bot.)
(a) A shoot or sprout of a plant; a sucker. (b) A piece of a slender branch or twig cut for grafting. [Formerly written also cion, and cyon.]

2. Hence, a descendant; an heir; as, a scion of a royal stock.

 Sci*op"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; shadow + &?; belonging to sight: cf. F. scioptique. See Optic.] (Opt.) Of or pertaining to an optical arrangement for forming images in a darkened room, usually called scioptic ball.

Scioptic ball (Opt.), the lens of a camera obscura mounted in a wooden ball which fits a socket in a window shutter so as to be readily turned, like the eye, to different parts of the landscape.

 Sci*op"ti*con (?), n. [NL. See Scioptic.] A kind of magic lantern.

 Sci*op"tics (?), n. The art or process of exhibiting luminous images, especially those of external objects, in a darkened room, by arrangements of lenses or mirrors.

 Sci*op"tric (?), a. (Opt.) Scioptic.

 Sci"ot (?), a. Of or pertaining to the island Scio (Chio or Chios). -- n. A native or inhabitant of Scio. [Written also Chiot.]

 Sci'o*ther"ic (?), a. [Cf. L. sciothericon a sundial. See Sciatheric.] Of or pertaining to a sundial.

Sciotheric telescope (Dialing), an instrument consisting of a horizontal dial, with a telescope attached to it, used for determining the time, whether of day or night.

 Sci"ous (?), a. [L. scius.] Knowing; having knowledge.
 "Brutes may be and are scious." Coleridge.
 ||Sci're fa"ci*as (s'r f"sh*s). [L., do you cause to know.] (Law) A judicial writ, founded upon some record, and requiring the party proceeded against to show cause why the party bringing it should not have advantage of such record, or (as in the case of scire facias to repeal letters patent) why the record should not be annulled or vacated. Wharton.
 Bouvier.
 Scir"rhoid (skr"roid), a. [Scirrhus + -oid.]
 Resembling scirrhus. Dunglison.
 Scir*rhos"i*ty (skr*rs"*t), n. (Med.) A morbid induration, as of a gland; state of being scirrhous.

 Scir"rhous (skr"rs), a. [NL. scirrhosus.] (Med.)
 Proceeding from scirrhus; of the nature of scirrhus; indurated; knotty; as, scirrhous affections; scirrhous disease. [Written also skirrhous.]

 Scir"rhus (?), n.; pl. L. Scirrhi (#), E. Scirrhuses (#). [NL., from L. scirros, Gr. &?;, &?;, fr. &?;, &?;, hard.] (Med.) (a) An indurated organ or part; especially, an indurated gland. [Obs.] (b) A cancerous tumor which is hard, translucent, of a gray or bluish color, and emits a creaking sound when incised. [Sometimes incorrectly written schirrus; written also skirrhus.]


the reformed branch of the Benedictine Order, founded in 912 at Cluny (or Clugny) in France. -- Also used as a. Clu'ni*a*cen"sian (?), a. Cluniac.

 Clu"pe*oid (?), a. [L. clupea a kind of fish, NL., generic name of the herring + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Herring family.

 Clus"ter (kls"tr), n. [AS. cluster, clyster; cf. LG.
 kluster (also Sw. & Dan. klase a cluster of grapes, D. klissen to be entangled?.)] 1. A number of things of the same kind growing together; a bunch.

 Her deeds were like great clusters of ripe grapes, Which load the bunches of the fruitful vine. Spenser.
2. A number of similar things collected together or lying contiguous; a group; as, a cluster of islands. "Cluster of provinces." Motley.
3. A number of individuals grouped together or collected in one place; a crowd; a mob.

 As bees... Pour forth their populous youth about the hive In clusters. Milton.
 We loved him; but, like beasts And cowardly nobles, gave way unto your clusters, Who did hoot him out o' the city. Shak.
 Clus"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Clustered (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Clustering.] To grow in clusters or assemble in groups; to gather or unite in a cluster or clusters.

 His sunny hair Cluster'd about his temples, like a god's.
Tennyson.
 The princes of the country clustering together. Foxe.
 Clus"ter, v. t. To collect into a cluster or clusters; to gather into a bunch or close body.

 Not less the bee would range her cells,... The foxglove cluster dappled bells. Tennyson.
 Or from the forest falls the clustered snow. Thomson.
Clustered column (Arch.), a column which is composed, or appears to be composed, of several columns collected together.

 Clus"ter*ing*ly, adv. In clusters.

 Clus"ter*y (?), a. [From Cluster, n.] Growing in, or full of, clusters; like clusters. Johnson.
 Clutch (klch; 224), n. [OE. cloche, cloke, claw, Scot. clook, cleuck, also OE. cleche claw, clechen, cleken, to seize; cf. AS. gelæccan (where geis a prefix) to seize. Cf. Latch a catch.] 1. A gripe or clinching with, or as with, the fingers or claws; seizure; grasp. "The clutch of poverty." Cowper.
 An expiring clutch at popularity. Carlyle.
 But Age, with his stealing steps, Hath clawed me in his clutch.
Shak.
2. pl. The hands, claws, or talons, in the act of grasping firmly; -- often figuratively, for power, rapacity, or cruelty; as, to fall into the clutches of an adversary.

 I must have... little care of myself, if I ever more come near the clutches of such a giant. Bp. Stillingfleet.
3. (Mach.) A device which is used for coupling shafting, etc., so as to transmit motion, and which may be disengaged at pleasure.

4. Any device for gripping an object, as at the end of a chain or tackle.

5. (Zoöl.) The nest complement of eggs of a bird.

Bayonet clutch (Mach.), a clutch in which connection is made by means of bayonets attached to arms sliding on a feathered shaft. The bayonets slide through holes in a crosshead fastened on the shaft.

 Clutch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clutched (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Clutching.] [OE. clucchen. See Clutch, n.]
 1. To seize, clasp, or gripe with the hand, hands, or claws; -- often figuratively; as, to clutch power.

 A man may set the poles together in his head, and clutch the whole globe at one intellectual grasp. Collier.
 Is this a dagger which I see before me...? Come, let me clutch thee. Shak.
2. To close tightly; to clinch.

 Not that I have the power to clutch my hand. Shak.
 Clutch, v. i. To reach (at something) as if to grasp; to catch or snatch; -- often followed by at.

Clutching at the phantoms of the stock market. Bankroft.
 Clut"ter (?), n. [Cf. W. cludair heap, pile, cludeirio to heap.] 1. A confused collection; hence, confusion; disorder; as, the room is in a clutter.

 He saw what a clutter there was with huge, overgrown pots, pans, and spits. L'Estrange.
2. Clatter; confused noise. Swift.
 Clut"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cluttered (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Cluttering.] To crowd together in disorder; to fill or cover with things in disorder; to throw into disorder; to disarrange; as, to clutter a room.

 Clut"ter, v. i. To make a confused noise; to bustle.

 It [the goose] cluttered here, it chuckled there. Tennyson.
 Clut"ter, v. t. [From Clod, n.] To clot or coagulate, as blood. [Obs.] Holland.
 Clyp'e*as"troid (?), a. [NL. Clypeaster (L. clupeus shield + aster star) + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Like or related to the genus Clupeaster; -- applied to a group of flattened sea urchins, with a rosette of pores on the upper side.

 Clyp"e*ate (?), a. [L. clupeatus, p. p. of clupeare to arm with a shield, fr. clupeus, clipeus shield.] 1.
(Bot.) Shaped like a round buckler or shield; scutate.

2. (Zoöl.) Furnished with a shield, or a protective plate or shell.

 Clyp"e*i*form' (?), a. [L. clupeus shield + -form.]
 Shield-shaped; clypeate.

 ||Clyp"e*us (?), n.; pl. Clypei (#). [L., a shield.]
 (Zoöl.) The frontal plate of the head of an insect.

 Clys"mi*an (?), a. [Gr. &?; a place washed by the waves, fr.
 &?;. See Clyster.] Connected with, or related to, the deluge, or to a cataclysm; as, clysmian changes. Smart.
 Clys"mic (?), a. Washing; cleansing.

 Clys"ter (?), n. [L., fr. G. &?;. fr. &?; to wash off or out; akin to Goth. hltrs pure, G. lauter: cf. F. clystère] (Med.) A liquid injected into the lower intestines by means of a syringe; an injection; an enema.

Clyster pipe, a tube or pipe used for injections.

 Cne"mi*al (?), a. [Gr. &?; the tibia.] (Anat.)
 Pertaining to the shin bone.

Cnemial crest, a crestlike prominence on the proximal end of the tibia of birds and some reptiles.

 ||Cni"da (n"d), n.; pl. Cnidæ (n"d). [NL., fr.


CHITRA A PLAY IN ONE ACT BY RABINDRANATH TAGORE New York THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1926 All rights reserved Copyright 1914 by THE MACMILLAN COMPANY Set up and electrotyped Published February, 1914 Reprinted March, twice, June, 1914; October, 1914; February, June, 1915; March, October, 1916; March, 1917; December, 1926.
 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY THE BERWICK & SMITH CO. TO MRS. WILLIAM VAUGHN MOODY PREFACE THIS lyrical drama was written about twenty-five years ago. It is based on the following story from the Mahabharata.

 In the course of his wanderings, in fulfilment of a vow of penance, Arjuna came to Manipur. There he saw Chitrangada, the beautiful daughter of Chitravahana, the king of the country. Smitten with her charms, he asked the king for the hand of his daughter in marriage. Chitravahana asked him who he was, and learning that he was Arjuna the Pandara, told him that Prabhanjana, one of his ancestors in the kingly line of Manipur, had long been childless. In order to obtain an heir, he performed severe penances.
 Pleased with these austerities, the god Shiva gave him this boon, that he and his successors should each have one child. It so happened that the promised child had invariably been a son. He, Chitravahana, was the first to have only a daughter Chitrangada to perpetuate the race. He had, therefore, always treated her as a son and had made her his heir.

 Continuing, the king said: "The one son that will be born to her must be the perpetuator of my race.
 That son will be the price that I shall demand for this marriage. You can take her, if you like, on this condition."

 Arjuna promised and took Chitrangada to wife, and lived in her father's capital for three years. When a son was born to them, he embraced her with affection, and taking leave of her and her father, set out again on his travels.

 Contents CHITRA THE CHARACTERS SCENE I SCENE II SCENE III SCENE IV SCENE V SCENE VI SCENE VII SCENE VIII SCENE IX CHITRA THE CHARACTERS SCENE I SCENE II SCENE III SCENE IV SCENE V SCENE VI SCENE VII SCENE VIII SCENE IX


GARGANTUA AND HIS SON PANTAGRUEL MASTER FRANCIS RABELAIS FIVE BOOKS OF THE LIVES, HEROIC DEEDS AND SAYINGS OF GARGANTUA AND HIS SON PANTAGRUEL BOOK I. He Did Cry Like a Cow--frontispiece He Did Cry Like a Cow--frontispiece Titlepage Translated into English by Sir Thomas Urquhart of Cromarty and Peter Antony Motteux The text of the first Two Books of Rabelais has been reprinted from the first edition (1653) of Urquhart's translation. Footnotes initialled 'M.' are drawn from the Maitland Club edition (1838); other footnotes are by the translator. Urquhart's translation of Book III. appeared posthumously in 1693, with a new edition of Books I. and II., under Motteux's editorship. Motteux's rendering of Books IV. and V. followed in 1708. Occasionally (as the footnotes indicate) passages omitted by Motteux have been restored from the 1738 copy edited by Ozell.

Rabelais Dissecting Society--portrait2 CONTENTS.

 Introduction.
 FRANCIS RABELAIS.
 Chapter 1.I.—Of the Genealogy and Antiquity of Gargantua.
 Chapter 1.II.—-The Antidoted Fanfreluches: or, a Galimatia of extravagant Conceits found in an ancient Monument.
 Chapter 1.III.—How Gargantua was carried eleven months in his mother's belly.
 Chapter 1.IV.—-How Gargamelle, being great with Gargantua, did eat a huge deal of tripes.
 Chapter 1.V.—The Discourse of the Drinkers.

 Chapter 1.VI.—How Gargantua was born in a strange manner.
 Chapter 1.VII.—After what manner Gargantua had his name given him, and how he tippled, bibbed, and curried the can.

 Chapter 1.VIII.—How they apparelled Gargantua.
 Chapter 1.IX.—The colours and liveries of Gargantua.
 Chapter 1.X.—Of that which is signified by the colours white and blue.
 Chapter 1.XI.—Of the youthful age of Gargantua.
 Chapter 1.XII.—Of Gargantua's wooden horses.
 Chapter 1.XIII.—How Gargantua's wonderful understanding became known to his father Grangousier, by the invention of a torchecul or wipebreech.
 Chapter 1.XIV.—How Gargantua was taught Latin by a Sophister.
 Chapter 1.XV.—How Gargantua was put under other schoolmasters.
 Chapter 1.XVI.—How Gargantua was sent to Paris, and of the huge great mare that he rode on; how she destroyed the oxflies of the Beauce.
 Chapter 1.XVII.—How Gargantua paid his welcome to the Parisians, and how he took away the great bells of Our Lady's Church.
 Chapter 1.XVIII.—How Janotus de Bragmardo was sent to Gargantua to recover the great bells.
 Chapter 1.XIX.—The oration of Master Janotus de Bragmardo for recovery of the bells.
 Chapter 1.XX.—How the Sophister carried away his cloth, and how he had a suit in law against the other masters.

 Chapter 1.XXI.—The study of Gargantua, according to the discipline of his schoolmasters the Sophisters.
 Chapter 1.XXII.—The games of Gargantua.

 Chapter 1.XXIII.—How Gargantua was instructed by Ponocrates, and in such sort disciplinated, that he lost not one hour of the day.
 Chapter 1.XXIV.—How Gargantua spent his time in rainy weather.
 Chapter 1.XXV.—How there was great strife and debate raised betwixt the cake-bakers of Lerne, and those of Gargantua's country, whereupon were waged great wars.
 Chapter 1.XXVI.—How the inhabitants of Lerne, by the commandment of Picrochole their king, assaulted the shepherds of Gargantua unexpectedly and on a sudden.
 Chapter 1.XXVII.—How a monk of Seville saved the close of the abbey from being ransacked by the enemy.
 Chapter 1.XXVIII.—How Picrochole stormed and took by assault the rock Clermond, and of Grangousier's unwillingness and aversion from the undertaking of war.
 Chapter 1.XXIX.—The tenour of the letter which Grangousier wrote to his son Gargantua.
 Chapter 1.XXX.—How Ulric Gallet was sent unto Picrochole.
 Chapter 1.XXXI.—The speech made by Gallet to Picrochole.
 Chapter 1.XXXII.—How Grangousier, to buy peace, caused the cakes to be restored.
 Chapter 1.XXXIII.—How some statesmen of Picrochole, by hairbrained counsel, put him in extreme danger.
 Chapter 1.XXXIV.—How Gargantua left the city of Paris to succour his country, and how Gymnast encountered with the enemy.
 Chapter 1.XXXV.—How Gymnast very souply and cunningly killed Captain Tripet and others of Picrochole's men.
 Chapter 1.XXXVI.—How Gargantua demolished the castle at the ford of Vede, and how they passed the ford.
 Chapter 1.XXXVII.—How Gargantua, in combing his head, made the great cannon-balls fall out of his hair.
 Chapter 1.XXXVIII.—How Gargantua did eat up six pilgrims in a salad.
 Chapter 1.XXXIX.—How the Monk was feasted by Gargantua, and of the jovial discourse they had at supper.
 Chapter 1.XL.—Why monks are the outcasts of the world; and wherefore some have bigger noses than others.
 Chapter 1.XLI.—How the Monk made Gargantua sleep, and of his hours and breviaries.
 Chapter 1.XLII.—How the Monk encouraged his fellow-champions, and how he hanged upon a tree.
 Chapter 1.XLIII.—How the scouts and fore-party of Picrochole were met with by Gargantua, and how the Monk slew Captain Drawforth (Tirevant.), and then was taken prisoner by his enemies.

 Chapter 1.XLIV.—How the Monk rid himself of his keepers, and how Picrochole's forlorn hope was defeated.
 Chapter 1.XLV.—How the Monk carried along with him the Pilgrims, and of the good words that Grangousier gave them.

 Chapter 1.XLVI.—How Grangousier did very kindly entertain Touchfaucet his prisoner.
 Chapter 1.XLVII.—How Grangousier sent for his legions, and how Touchfaucet slew Rashcalf, and was afterwards executed by the command of Picrochole.
 Chapter 1.XLVIII.—How Gargantua set upon Picrochole within the rock Clermond, and utterly defeated the army of the said Picrochole.
 Chapter 1.XLIX.—How Picrochole in his flight fell into great misfortunes, and what Gargantua did after the battle.
 Chapter 1.L.—Garg


adie place; Did never mortal eye behold such heavenly grace." —Spenser: *The Faerie Queene,* bk. I. canto iii. st. 4.]

 4 (return) [ *Anathema maranatha* occurs at the close of St. Paul's first epistle to the Corinthians, and in the English version is made to appear as a composite phrase. It has so passed into common use, *maranatha* being taken as intensifying the curse contained in *anathema*. The words are properly to be divided, *maranatha* signifying "The Lord cometh."]

 5 (return) [ An interesting account of Sir William Phips will be found in Parkman's *Frontenac and New France under Louis XIV.* Hawthorne also tells his romantic story in *Fanshawe and Other Pieces.*]


by numbers, to which the diameter of wire or the thickness of sheet metal in usually made, and which is used in describing the size or thickness.
 There are many different standards for wire gauges, as in different countries, or for different kinds of metal, the Birmingham wire gauges and the American wire gauge being often used and designated by the abbreviations B. W. G. and A. W. G. respectively. — Wire gauze, a texture of finely interwoven wire, resembling gauze. — Wire grass (Bot.), either of the two common grasses Eleusine Indica, valuable for hay and pasture, and Poa compressa, or blue grass. See Blue grass. — Wire grub (Zoöl.), a wireworm. — Wire iron, wire rods of iron. — Wire lathing, wire cloth or wire netting applied in the place of wooden lathing for holding plastering. — Wire mattress. See Wire bed, above.
 — Wire micrometer, a micrometer having spider lines, or fine wires, across the field of the instrument. — Wire nail, a nail formed of a piece of wire which is headed and pointed. — Wire netting, a texture of woven wire coarser than ordinary wire gauze. — Wire rod, a metal rod from which wire is formed by drawing. — Wire rope, a rope formed wholly, or in great part, of wires.

 Wire (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wiring.] 1. To bind with wire; to attach with wires; to apply wire to; as, to wire corks in bottling liquors.

2. To put upon a wire; as, to wire beads.

3. To snare by means of a wire or wires.

4. To send (a message) by telegraph. [Colloq.]

 Wire, v. i. 1. To pass like a wire; to flow in a wirelike form, or in a tenuous stream. [R.] P. Fletcher.
2. To send a telegraphic message. [Colloq.]

 Wire"draw' (?), v. t. [imp. Wiredrew (?); p. p. Wiredrawn (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wiredrawing.]

1. To form (a piece of metal) into wire, by drawing it through a hole in a plate of steel.

2. Hence, to draw by art or violence.

 My sense has been wiredrawn into blasphemy.

Dryden.
3. Hence, also, to draw or spin out to great length and tenuity; as, to wiredraw an argument.

 Such twisting, such wiredrawing, was never seen in a court of justice.

Macaulay.
4. (Steam Engine) To pass, or to draw off, (as steam) through narrow ports, or the like, thus reducing its pressure or force by friction.

 Wire"-draw'er (?), n. One who draws metal into wire.

 Wire"-heel' (?), n. (Far.) A disease in the feet of a horse or other beast.

 Wire"-pull'er (?), n. One who pulls the wires, as of a puppet; hence, one who operates by secret means; an intriguer.

 Political wire-pullers and convention packers.

Lowell.
 Wire"-pull'ing, n. The act of pulling the wires, as of a puppet; hence, secret influence or management, especially in politics; intrigue.

 Wire"-tailed' (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having some or all of the tail quills terminated in a long, slender, pointed shaft, without a web or barbules.

 Wire"work' (?), n. Work, especially openwork, formed of wires.

 Wire"-work'er (?), n. One who manufactures articles from wire.

 Wire"worm' (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) One of the larvæ of various species of snapping beetles, or elaters; — so called from their slenderness and the uncommon hardness of the integument. Wireworms are sometimes very destructive to the roots of plants. Called also wire grub. (b) A galleyworm.

 Wir"i*ness (?), n. The quality of being wiry.

 Wir"y (?), a. [Written also wiery.]

1. Made of wire; like wire; drawn out like wire.

2. Capable of endurance; tough; sinewy; as, a wiry frame or constitution. "A little wiry sergeant of meek demeanor and strong sense." Dickens.
 He bore his age well, and seemed to retain a wiry vigor and alertness.

Hawthorne.
 Wis (?), adv. [Aphetic form of iwis, ywis; or fr.
 Icel. viss certain. See Ywis.] Certainly; really; indeed. [Obs.]
 "As wis God helpe me." Chaucer.
 Wis, v. t. [Due to mistaking OE. iwis certain, AS. gewiss, for I wis. See Ywis.] To think; to suppose; to imagine; — used chiefly in the first person sing. present tense, I wis. See the Note under Ywis. [Obs. or Poetic] "Howe'er you wis." R. Browning.
 Nor do I know how long it is (For I have lain entranced, I wis).

Coleridge.
 Wis"ard (?), n. See Wizard.

 Wis"dom (-dm), n. [AS. wsdm. See Wise, a., and - dom.]

1. The quality of being wise; knowledge, and the capacity to make due use of it; knowledge of the best ends and the best means; discernment and judgment; discretion; sagacity; skill; dexterity.

 We speak also not in wise words of man's wisdom, but in the doctrine of the spirit.

Wyclif (1 Cor. ii. 13).
 Behold, the fear of the Lord, that is wisdom; and to depart from evil is understanding.

Job xxviii. 28.
It is hoped that our rulers will act with dignity and wisdom that they will yield everything to reason, and refuse everything to force.

Ames.
 Common sense in an uncommon degree is what the world calls wisdom.

Coleridge.
2. The results of wise judgments; scientific or practical truth; acquired knowledge; erudition.

 Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, and was mighty in words and in deeds.

Acts vii. 22.
Syn. — Prudence; knowledge. Wisdom, Prudence, Knowledge. Wisdom has been defined to be "the use of the best means for attaining the best ends." "We conceive," says Whewell, " prudence as the virtue by which we select right means for given ends, while wisdom implies the selection of right ends as well as of right means." Hence, wisdom implies the union of high mental and moral excellence. Prudence (that is, providence, or forecast) is of a more negative character; it rather consists in avoiding danger than in taking decisive measures for the accomplishment of an object. Sir Robert Walpole was in many respects a prudent statesman, but he was far from being a wise one.
 Burke has said that prudence, when carried too far, degenerates into a "reptile virtue," which is the more dangerous for its plausible appearance. Knowledge, a more comprehensive term, signifies the simple apprehension of facts or relations. "In strictness of language," says Paley, " there is a difference between knowledge and wisdom; wisdom always supposing action, and action directed by it."

Knowledge and wisdom, far from being one, Have ofttimes no connection. Knowledge dwells In heads replete with thoughts of other men; Wisdom, in minds attentive to their own. Knowledge, a rude, unprofitable mass, The mere materials with which wisdom builds, Till


; hardness; cruelty. Beau. & Fl.
 Flint"lock' (?), n. 1. A lock for a gun or pistol, having a flint fixed in the hammer, which on striking the steel ignites the priming.

2. A hand firearm fitted with a flintlock; esp., the old-fashioned musket of European and other armies.

 Flint"ware' (?), n. A superior kind of earthenware into whose composition flint enters largely. Knight.
 Flint"wood' (?), n. (Bot.) An Australian name for the very hard wood of the Eucalyptus piluralis.

 Flint"y (?), a. [Compar. Flintier (?); superl.
 Flintiest.] Consisting of, composed of, abounding in, or resembling, flint; as, a flinty rock; flinty ground; a flinty heart.

Flinty rock, or Flinty state, a siliceous slate; -- basanite is here included. See Basanite.

 Flip (?), n. [Cf. Prov. E. flip nimble, flippant, also, a slight blow. Cf. Flippant.] A mixture of beer, spirit, etc., stirred and heated by a hot iron.

Flip dog, an iron used, when heated, to warm flip.

 Flip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flipping.] To toss or fillip; as, to flip up a cent.

 As when your little ones Do 'twixt their fingers flip their cherry stones.

W. Browne.
 Flipe (?), v. t. To turn inside out, or with the leg part back over the foot, as a stocking in pulling off or for putting on. [Scot.]

 Flip"-flap' (?), n. [See Flip, and Flap.] The repeated stroke of something long and loose. Johnson.
 Flip"-flap', adv. With repeated strokes and noise, as of something long and loose. Ash.
 Flip"pan*cy (?), n.[See Flippant.] The state or quality of being flippant.

 This flippancy of language.

Bp. Hurd.
 Flip"pant (?), a. [Prov. E. flip to move nimbly; cf. W. llipa soft, limber, pliant, or Icel. fleipa to babble, prattle. Cf. Flip, Fillip, Flap, Flipper.] 1. Of smooth, fluent, and rapid speech; speaking with ease and rapidity; having a voluble tongue; talkative.

 It becometh good men, in such cases, to be flippant and free in their speech.

Barrow.
2. Speaking fluently and confidently, without knowledge or consideration; empty; trifling; inconsiderate; pert; petulant. "Flippant epilogues." Thomson.
 To put flippant scorn to the blush.

I. Taylor.
 A sort of flippant, vain discourse.

Burke.
 Flip"pant, n. A flippant person. [R.] Tennyson.
 Flip"pant*ly, adv. In a flippant manner.

 Flip"pant*ness, n. State or quality of being flippant.

 Flip"per (?), n. [Cf. Flip, Flippant.] 1. (Zoöl.)
 A broad flat limb used for swimming, as those of seals, sea turtles, whales, etc.

2. (Naut.) The hand. [Slang] Flirt (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flirted; p. pr. & vb. n. Flirting.] [Cf. AS. fleard trifle, folly, fleardian to trifle.] 1. To throw with a jerk or quick effort; to fling suddenly; as, they flirt water in each other's faces; he flirted a glove, or a handkerchief.

2. To toss or throw about; to move playfully to and fro; as, to flirt a fan.

3. To jeer at; to treat with contempt; to mock. [Obs.]

 I am ashamed; I am scorned; I am flirted.

Beau. & Fl.
 Flirt, v. i. 1. To run and dart about; to act with giddiness, or from a desire to attract notice; especially, to play the coquette; to play at courtship; to coquet; as, they flirt with the young men.

2. To utter contemptuous language, with an air of disdain; to jeer or gibe. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
 Flirt, n. 1. A sudden jerk; a quick throw or cast; a darting motion; hence, a jeer.

 Several little flirts and vibrations.

Addison.
 With many a flirt and flutter.

E. A. Poe.
2. [Cf. LG. flirtje, G. flirtchen. See Flirt, v.
 t.] One who flirts; esp., a woman who acts with giddiness, or plays at courtship; a coquette; a pert girl.

 Several young flirts about town had a design to cast us out of the fashionable world.

Addison.
 Flirt, a. Pert; wanton. [Obs.]

 Flir*ta"tion (?), n. 1. Playing at courtship; coquetry.

 The flirtations and jealousies of our ball rooms.

Macaulay.
 Flirt"-gill' (?), n. A woman of light behavior; a gill-flirt.
 [Obs.] Shak.
 You heard him take me up like a flirtgill.

Beau. & Fl.
 Flirt"i*gig (?), n. A wanton, pert girl. [Obs.]

 Flirt"ing*ly, adv. In a flirting manner.

 Flisk (?), v. i. To frisk; to skip; to caper. [Obs. Scot.] "The flisking flies." Gosson.
 Flisk, n. A caper; a spring; a whim. [Scot.]

 Flit (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flitted (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Flitting (?).] [OE. flitten, flutten, to carry away; cf. Icel. flytja, Sw. flytta, Dan. flytte.
 √84. Cf. Fleet, v. i.] 1. To move with celerity through the air; to fly away with a rapid motion; to dart along; to fleet; as, a bird flits away; a cloud flits along.

 A shadow flits before me.

Tennyson.
2. To flutter; to rove on the wing. Dryden.
3. To pass rapidly, as a light substance, from one place to another; to remove; to migrate.

 It became a received opinion, that the souls of men, departing this life, did flit out of one body into some other.

Hooker.
4. To remove from one place or habitation to another. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] Wright. Jamieson.
5. To be unstable; to be easily or often moved.

 And the free soul to flitting air resigned.

Dryden.
 Flit, a. Nimble; quick; swift. [Obs.] See Fleet.

 Flitch (?), n.; pl. Flitches (#). [OE. flicche, flikke, AS. flicce, akin to Icel. flikki; cf. Icel.
 flk flap, tatter; perh. akin to E. fleck. Cf. Flick, n.]
 1. The side of a hog salted and cured; a side of bacon. Swift.
2. One of several planks, smaller timbers, or iron plates, which are secured together, side by side, to make a large


2. A calk on a shoe. See Calk, n., 1.

 Calk"in (?), n. A calk on a shoe. See Calk, n., 1.

 Calk"ing (?), n. The act or process of making seems tight, as in ships, or of furnishing with calks, as a shoe, or copying, as a drawing.

Calking iron, a tool like a chisel, used in calking ships, tightening seams in ironwork, etc.

 Their left hand does the calking iron guide. Dryden.
 Call (kl), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Called (kld); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Calling] [OE. callen, AS. ceallian; akin to Icel. & Sw. kalla, Dan. kalde, D. kallen to talk, prate, OHG. kalln to call; cf. Gr. ghry'ein to speak, sing, Skr. gar to praise. Cf. Garrulous.] 1. To command or request to come or be present; to summon; as, to call a servant.

Call hither Clifford; bid him come amain Shak.
2. To summon to the discharge of a particular duty; to designate for an office, or employment, especially of a religious character; -- often used of a divine summons; as, to be called to the ministry; sometimes, to invite; as, to call a minister to be the pastor of a church.

 Paul... called to be an apostle Rom. i. 1.
 The Holy Ghost said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work whereunto I have called them. Acts xiii. 2.
3. To invite or command to meet; to convoke; -- often with together; as, the President called Congress together; to appoint and summon; as, to call a meeting of the Board of Aldermen.

 Now call we our high court of Parliament. Shak.
4. To give name to; to name; to address, or speak of, by a specifed name.

 If you would but call me Rosalind. Shak.
 And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. Gen. i. 5.
5. To regard or characterize as of a certain kind; to denominate; to designate.

 What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common. Acts x. 15.
6. To state, or estimate, approximately or loosely; to characterize without strict regard to fact; as, they call the distance ten miles; he called it a full day's work.

 [The] army is called seven hundred thousand men. Brougham.
7. To show or disclose the class, character, or nationality of.
 [Obs.]

 This speech calls him Spaniard. Beau. & Fl.
8. To utter in a loud or distinct voice; -- often with off; as, to call, or call off, the items of an account; to call the roll of a military company.

 No parish clerk who calls the psalm so clear. Gay.
9. To invoke; to appeal to.

 I call God for a witness. 2 Cor. i. 23 [Rev. Ver. ]
10. To rouse from sleep; to awaken.

 If thou canst awake by four o' the clock. I prithee call me.
 Sleep hath seized me wholly. Shak.
To call a bond, to give notice that the amount of the bond will be paid. -- To call a party (Law), to cry aloud his name in open court, and command him to come in and perform some duty requiring his presence at the time on pain of what may befall him. -- To call back, to revoke or retract; to recall; to summon back. -- To call down, to pray for, as blessing or curses. -- To call forth, to bring or summon to action; as, to call forth all the faculties of the mind.
 -- To call in, (a) To collect; as, to call in debts or money; ar to withdraw from cirulation; as, to call in uncurrent coin. (b) To summon to one's side; to invite to come together; as, to call in neighbors. -- To call (any one) names, to apply contemptuous names (to any one). -- To call off, to summon away; to divert; as, to call off the attention; to call off workmen from their employment. -- To call out. (a) To summon to fight; to challenge. (b) To summon into service; as, to call out the militia. -- To call over, to recite separate particulars in order, as a roll of names. -- To call to account, to demand explanation of. -- To call to mind, to recollect; to revive in memory. -- To call to order, to request to come to order; as: (a) A public meeting, when opening it for business. (b) A person, when he is transgressing the rules of debate. -- To call to the bar, to admit to practice in courts of law. -- To call up. (a) To bring into view or recollection; as to call up the image of deceased friend. (b) To bring into action or discussion; to demand the consideration of; as, to call up a bill before a legislative body.

Syn. -- To name; denominate; invite; bid; summon; convoke; assemble; collect; exhort; warn; proclaim; invoke; appeal to; designate.
 -- To Call, Convoke, Summon. Call is the generic term; as, to call a public meeting. To convoke is to require the assembling of some organized body of men by an act of authority; as, the king convoked Parliament. To summon is to require attendance by an act more or less stringent anthority; as, to summon a witness.

 Call, v. i. 1. To speak in loud voice; to cry out; to address by name; -- sometimes with to.

 You must call to the nurse. Shak.
 The angel of God called to Hagar. Gen. xxi. 17.
2. To make a demand, requirement, or request.

 They called for rooms, and he showed them one. Bunyan.
3. To make a brief visit; also, to stop at some place designated, as for orders.

 He ordered her to call at the house once a week. Temple.
To call for (a) To demand; to require; as, a crime calls for punishment; a survey, grant, or deed calls for the metes and bounds, or the quantity of land, etc., which it describes. (b) To give an order for; to request. "Whenever the coach stopped, the sailor called for more ale." Marryat. -- To call on, To call upon, (a) To make a short visit to; as, call on a friend. (b) To appeal to; to invite; to request earnestly; as, to call upon a person to make a speech. (c) To solicit payment, or make a demand, of a debt. (d) To invoke or play to; to worship; as, to call upon God. -- To call out To call or utter loudly; to brawl.

 Call (?), n. 1. The act of calling; -- usually with the voice, but often otherwise, as by signs, the sound of some instrument, or by writing; a summons; an entreaty; an invitation; as, a call for help; the bugle's call. "Call of the trumpet." Shak.
 I rose as at thy call, but found thee not. Milton.
2. A signal, as on a drum, bugle, trumpet, or pipe, to summon soldiers or sailors to duty.

3. (Eccl.) An invitation to take charge of or serve a church as its pastor.

4. A requirement or appeal arising from the circumstances of the case; a moral requirement or appeal.

 Dependence is a perpetual call upon humanity. Addison.
 Running into danger without any


many small florets and their anthers united in a tube. The daisy, dandelion, and asters, are examples.

 Com*pos"ite (?; 277), a. [L. compositus made up of parts, p. p. of componere. See Compound, v. t., and cf. Compost.] 1.
 Made up of distinct parts or elements; compounded; as, a composite language.

 Happiness, like air and water... is composite. Landor.
2. (Arch.) Belonging to a certain order which is composed of the Ionic order grafted upon the Corinthian. It is called also the Roman or the Italic order, and is one of the five orders recognized by the Italian writers of the sixteenth century. See Capital.


2. To make a jest of; to set in a comical light. [R.]

 This drolling everything is rather fatiguing.

 W. D. Howells.
 Droll"er, n. A jester; a droll. [Obs.] Glanvill.
 Droll"er*y (?), n.; pl. Drolleries (#). [F. drôlerie.
 See Droll.] 1. The quality of being droll; sportive tricks; buffoonery; droll stories; comical gestures or manners.

 The rich drollery of "She Stoops to Conquer."

 Macaulay.
2. Something which serves to raise mirth; as: (a) A puppet show; also, a puppet. [Obs.] Shak. (b) A lively or comic picture. [Obs.]

 I bought an excellent drollery, which I afterward parted with to my brother George of Wotton.

 Evelyn.
 Droll"ing*ly, adv. In a jesting manner.

 Droll"ish, a. Somewhat droll. Sterne.
 Droll"ist, n. A droll. [R.] Glanvill.
 Dro'mæ*og"na*thous (?), a. [NL. dromaius emu + Gr.
 &?; jaw.] (Zoöl.) Having the structure of the palate like that of the ostrich and emu.

 ||Drom'a*the"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. droma's running + qhri'on beast. See Dromedary.] (Paleon.) A small extinct triassic mammal from North Carolina, the earliest yet found in America.

 Drome (drm), n. [F., fr. Gr. droma's running. See Dromedary.] (Zoöl.)
 The crab plover (Dromas ardeola), a peculiar North African bird, allied to the oyster catcher.

 Drom"e*da*ry (drm"*d*r), n.; pl. Dromedaries (#). [F. dromadaire, LL. dromedarius, fr. L. dromas (sc. camelus), fr. Gr. droma's running, from dramei'n, used as aor. of tre'chein to run; cf. Skr. dram to run.] (Zoöl.) The Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius), having one hump or protuberance on the back, in distinction from the Bactrian camel, which has two humps.

 In Arabia and Egypt the name is restricted to the better breeds of this species of camel. See Deloul.

 { Drom"ond (?), or Drom"on (?) }. [OF. dromont, L. dromo, fr. Gr. dro'mwn light vessel, prob. fr. dramei^n to run. See Dromedary.]
 In the Middle Ages, a large, fast-sailing galley, or cutter; a large, swift war vessel. [Hist. or Archaic] Fuller.
 The great dromond swinging from the quay.

 W. Morris.
 Drone (?), n. [OE. drane a dronebee, AS. drn; akin to OS. drn, OHG. treno, G. drohne, Dan. drone, cf. Gr. &?; a kind of wasp, dial. Gr. &?; drone. Prob. named fr.
 the droning sound. See Drone, v. i.] 1. (Zoöl.)
 The male of bees, esp. of the honeybee. It gathers no honey. See Honeybee.

 All with united force combine to drive The lazy drones from the laborious hive.

Dryden.
2. One who lives on the labors of others; a lazy, idle fellow; a sluggard.

 By living as a drone,to be an unprofitable and unworthy member of so noble and learned a society.

 Burton.
3. That which gives out a grave or monotonous tone or dull sound; as: (a) A drum. [Obs.] Halliwell. (b) The part of the bagpipe containing the two lowest tubes, which always sound the key note and the fifth.

4. A humming or deep murmuring sound.

 The monotonous drone of the wheel.

Longfellow.
5. (Mus.) A monotonous bass, as in a pastoral composition.

 Drone (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Droned (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Droning.] [Cf. (for sense 1) D. dreunen, G. dröhnen, Icel. drynja to roar, drynr a roaring, Sw. dröna to bellow, drone, Dan. dröne, Goth. drunjus sound, Gr.
 &?; dirge, &?; to cry aloud, Skr. dhran to sound. Cf.
 Drone, n.] 1. To utter or make a low, dull, monotonous, humming or murmuring sound.

 Where the beetle wheels his droning flight.

T. Gray.
2. To love in idleness; to do nothing. "Race of droning kings." Dryden.
 Drone" bee' (?). (Zoöl.) The male of the honeybee; a drone.

 Drone" fly' (?). (Zoöl.) A dipterous insect (Eristalis tenax), resembling the drone bee. See Eristalis.

 Drone"pipe', n. One of the lowtoned tubes of a bagpipe.

 Dron"go (?), n.; pl. Drongos (&?;). (Zoöl.)
 A passerine bird of the family Dicruridæ. They are usually black with a deeply forked tail. They are natives of Asia, Africa, and Australia; -- called also drongo shrikes.

 Dron"ish (?), a. Like a drone; indolent; slow. Burke. -- Dron"ish*ly, adv. -- Dron"ish*ness, n. Dron"ke*lewe (?), a. [See Drink.] Given to drink; drunken. [Obs.]
 Chaucer.
 Dron"te (?), n. [F.] (Zoöl.) The dodo.

 Dron"y (?), a. Like a drone; sluggish; lazy.

 Drool (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drooled (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Drooling.] [Contr. fr. drivel.] To drivel, or drop saliva; as, the child drools.

 His mouth drooling with texts.

 T. Parker.
 Droop (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Drooped (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Drooping.] [Icel. dr&?;pa; akin to E. drop.
 See Drop.] 1. To hang bending downward; to sink or hang down, as an animal, plant, etc., from physical inability or exhaustion, want of nourishment, or the like. "The purple flowers droop." "Above her drooped a lamp." Tennyson.
 I saw him ten days before he died, and observed he began very much to droop and languish.

Swift.
2. To grow weak or faint with disappointment, grief, or like causes; to be dispirited or depressed; to languish; as, her spirits drooped.

 I'll animate the soldier's drooping courage.

Addison.
3. To proceed downward, or toward a close; to decline. "Then day drooped."
 Tennyson.
 Droop, v. t. To let droop or sink. [R.] M. Arnold.
 Like to a withered vine That droops his sapless branches to the ground.

Shak.
 Droop, n. A drooping; as, a droop of the eye.

 Droop"er (?), n. One who, or that which, droops.

 Droop"ing*ly, adv


reaction. Enemas are also thrifty: they are self-administered and can prevent most doctor's visits seeking relief for acute conditions.
 Diseases of the colon itself, including chronic constipation, colitis, diverteculitis, hemorrhoids, irritable bowel syndrome, and mucous colitis, are often cured solely by an intensive series of several dozen colonics given close together. Contrary to popular belief, many people think that if they have dysentery or other forms of loose stools that a colonic is the last thing they need. Surprisingly, a series of colonics will eliminate many of these conditions as well. People with chronic diarrhea or loose stools are usually very badly constipated. This may seem a contradiction in terms but it will be explained shortly.
 A century ago there was much less scientific data about the functioning of the human body. Then it was easy for a hygienically-oriented physician to come to believe that colonics were the single best medicine available. The doctor practicing nothing but colonics will have a very high rate of cure and a lot of very satisfied clients. Most importantly, this medicine will have done no harm.
The Repugnant Bowel I don't know why, but people of our culture have a deep-seated reluctance to relate to the colon or it's functions. People don't want to think about the colon or personally get involved with it by giving themselves enemas or colonics.
They become deeply embarrassed at having someone else do it for them. People are also shy about farts, and most Americans have a hard time not smiling or reacting in some way when someone in their presence breaks wind, although the polite amongst us pretend that we didn't notice. Comedians usually succeed in getting a laugh out of an audience when they come up with a fart or make reference to some other bowel function. People don't react the same way to urinary functions or discharges, although these also may have an unpleasant odor and originate from the same "private" area.
 When I first mention to clients that they need a minimum of 12 colonics or many more enemas than 12 during a fasting or cleansing program they are inevitably shocked. To most it seems that no one in their right mind would recommend such a treatment, and that I must certainly be motivated by greed or some kind of a psychological quirk. Then I routinely show them reproductions of X-rays of the large intestine showing obvious loss of normal structure and function resulting from a combination of constipation, the effects of gravity, poor abdominal muscle tone, emotional stress, and poor diet. In the average colon more than 50% of the hastrum (muscles that impel fecal matter through the organ) are dysfunctional due to loss of tone caused by impaction of fecal matter and/or constriction of the large intestine secondary to stress (holding muscular tension in the abdominal area) and straining during bowel movement.
A typical diseased colon The average person also has a prolapsed (sagging) transverse colon, and a distorted misplaced ascending and descending colon. I took a course in colon therapy before purchasing my first colonic machine. The chiropractor teaching the class required all of his patients scheduled for colonics to take a barium enema followed by an X-ray of their large intestine prior to having colonics and then make subsequent X-rays after each series of 12 colonics. Most of his patients experienced so much immediate relief they voluntarily took at least four complete series, or 48 colonics, before their X-rays began to look normal in terms of structure. It also took about the same number, 48 colonics, for the patients to notice a significant improvement in the function of the colon. In reviewing over 10,000 X-rays taken at his clinic prior to starting colonics, the chiropractor had seen only two normal colon X-rays and these were from farm boys who grew up eating simple foods from the garden and doing lots of hard work.
 The X-rays showed that it took a minimum of 12 colon treatments to bring about a minimal but observable change in the structure of the colon in the desired direction, and for the patient to begin to notice that bowel function was improving, plus the fact that they started to feel better.
A Healthy Colon From my point of view the most amazing part of this whole experience was that the chiropractor did not recommend any dietary changes whatsoever.
His patients were achieving great success from colonics alone. I had thought dietary changes would be necessary to avoid having the same dismal bowel condition return.
I still think colonics are far more effective if people are on a cleansing diet too.
However, I was delighted to see the potential for helping people through colonics.
 For me, the most interesting part of this colonic school was that I personally was required to have my own barium enema and X-ray. I was privately certain that mine would look normal, because after all, I had been on a raw food diet for six years, and done considerable amount of fasting, all of which was reputed to repair a civilized colon. Much to my surprise my colon looked just as mangled and dysfunctional as everyone else's', only somewhat worse because it had a loop in the descending colon similar to a cursive letter "e" which doctors call a volvulus. Surgeons like to cut volvululii out because they frequently cause bowel obstructions. It seemed quite unfair. All those other people with lousy looking colons had been eating the average American diet their whole life, but I had been so 'pure!'
 On further reflection I remembered that I had a tendency toward constipation all through my childhood and young adulthood, and that during my two pregnancies the pressure of the fetus on an already constipated bowel had made it worse resulting in the distorted structure seen in the X-ray. This experience made it very clear that fasting, cleansing diets, and corrected diet would not reverse damage already done. Proper diet and fasting would however, prevent the condition of the colon from getting any worse than it already was.
 I then realized that I had just purchased the very tool I needed to correct my own colon, and I was eager to get home to get started on it.
I had previously thought that I was just going to use this machine for my patients, because they had been asking for this kind of an adjunct to my services for some time. I ended up giving myself over a hundred colonics at the rate of three a week over many months. I then out of curiosity had another barium enema and X-ray to validate my results. Sure enough the picture showed a colon that looked far more 'normal' with no vulvulus. That little "e" had disappeared.
What Is Constipation?
 Most people think they are not constipated because they have a bowel movement almost every day, accomplished without straining. I have even had clients tell me that they have a bowel movement once a week, and they are quite certain that they are not constipated. The most surprising thing to novice fasters is that repeated enemas or colonics during fasting begins to release many pounds of undeniably real, old, caked fecal matter and/or huge mucus strings. The first-time faster can hardly believe these were present. These old fecal deposits do not come out the first time one has enemas or necessarily the fifth time. And all of them will not be removed by the tenth enema. But over the course of extended fasting or a long spell of light raw food eating with repeated daily enemas, amazing changes do begin to occur. It seems that no one who has eaten a civilized diet has escaped the formation of caked deposits lining the colon's walls, interfering with its function. This material does not respond to laxatives or casually administered enemas.
 Anyone who has not actually seen (and smelled) what comes out of an "average" apparently healthy person during colonics will really believe it could happen or can accurately imagine it. Often there are dark black lumpy strings, lumps, or gravel, evil smelling discs shaped like sculpted hemispheres similar to the pockets lining the wall of the colon itself. These discs are rock-hard and may come out looking like long black braids. There may also be long tangled strings of gray/brown mucous, sheets and flakes of mucous, and worse yet, an occasional worm (tape worm) or many smaller ones. Once confronted however, it is not hard to imagine how these fecal rocks and other obnoxious debris interfere with the proper function of the colon. They make the colon's wall rigid and interfere with peristalsis thus leading to further problems with constipation, and interfere with adsorption of nutrients.
 Our modern diet is by its "de-"


iter, fr. compromittere to make such a promise; com- + promittere to promise. See Promise.] 1. A mutual agreement to refer matters in dispute to the decision of arbitrators. [Obs.] Burrill.
2. A settlement by arbitration or by mutual consent reached by concession on both sides; a reciprocal abatement of extreme demands or rights, resulting in an agreement.

 But basely yielded upon compromise That which his noble ancestors achieved with blows. Shak.
 All government, indeed every human benefit and enjoyment, every virtue and every prudent act, is founded on compromise and barter.
Burke.
 An abhorrence of concession and compromise is a never failing characteristic of religious factions. Hallam.
3. A committal to something derogatory or objectionable; a prejudicial concession; a surrender; as, a compromise of character or right.

 I was determined not to accept any fine speeches, to the compromise of that sex the belonging to which was, after all, my strongest claim and title to them. Lamb.
 Com"pro*mise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Compromised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Compromising.] [From Compromise, n.; cf.
 Compromit.] 1. To bind by mutual agreement; to agree. [Obs.]

 Laban and himself were compromised That all the eanlings which were streaked and pied Should fall as Jacob's hire. Shak.
2. To adjust and settle by mutual concessions; to compound.

 The controversy may easily be compromised. Fuller.
3. To pledge by some act or declaration; to endanger the life, reputation, etc., of, by some act which can not be recalled; to expose to suspicion.

 To pardon all who had been compromised in the late disturbances.
Motley.
 Com"pro*mise, v. i. 1. To agree; to accord. [Obs.]

2. To make concession for conciliation and peace.

 Com"pro*mi'ser (?), n. One who compromises.

 Com'pro*mis*so"ri*al (?), a. Relating to compromise. [R.] Chalmers.
 Com"pro*mit' (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Compromitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Compromitting.] [L. compromittere. See Compromise, n.] 1. To pledge by some act or declaration; to promise. State Trials (1529).
2. To put to hazard, by some indiscretion; to endanger; to compromise; as, to compromit the honor or the safety of a nation.

 Com'pro*vin"cial (?), a. Belonging to, or associated in, the same province. [Obs.] -- n. One who belongs to the same province. [Obs.]

 The six islands, comprovincial In ancient times unto Great Britain. Spenser.
 ||Comp*sog"na*thus (kmp*sg"n*ths), n. [NL., fr. Gr. kompo's elegant, pretty + gna'qos jaw.] (Zoöl.) A genus of Dinosauria found in the Jurassic formation, and remarkable for having several birdlike features.

 Compt (kount, formerly kmt; 215), n. [F. compte. See Count an account.] Account; reckoning; computation. [Obs.] Shak.
 Compt, v. t. [F. compter. See Count, v. t.] To compute; to count. [Obs.] See Count.

 Compt, a. [L. comptus, p. p. of comere to care for, comb, arrange, adorn.] Neat; spruce. [Obs.] Cotgrave.
 Compt"er (?), n. A counter. [Obs.] Shak.
 ||Compte" ren'du (?). [F.] A report of an officer or agent.

 Compt"i*ble (?), a. [See Compt, v. t.] Accountable; responsible; sensitive. [Obs.]

 I am very comptible even to the least sinister usage. Shak.
 Compt"ly (?), adv. Neatly. [Obs.] Sherwood.
 Comp*trol" (?), n. & v. See Control.

 Comp*trol"er (?), n. A controller; a public officer whose duty it is to examine certify accounts.

 Com*pul"sa*tive (?), a. [From L. compulsare, v. intens. of compellere. See Compel.] Compulsatory. [R.] Shak.
 Com*pul"sa*tive*ly, adv. By compulsion. [R.]

 Com*pul"sa*to*ry (?), a. Operating with force; compelling; forcing; constraining; resulting from, or enforced by, compulsion. [R.]

 To recover of us, by strong hand And terms compulsatory, those foresaid lands. Shak.
 Com*pul"sion (?), n. [L. compulsio. See Compel.] The act of compelling, or the state of being compelled; the act of driving or urging by force or by physical or moral constraint; subjection to force.

 If reasons were as plentiful as blackberries, I would give no man a reason upon compulsion. Shak.
 With what compulsion and laborious flight We sunk thus low.
Milton.
Syn. -- See Constraint.

 Com*pul"sive (?), a. Having power to compel; exercising or applying compulsion.

 Religion is... inconsistent with all compulsive motives.
Sharp.
 Com*pul"sive*ly, adv. By compulsion; by force.

 Com*pul"so*ri*ly (?), adv. In a compulsory manner; by force or constraint.

 Com*pul"so*ry (?), a. [LL. compulsorius.] 1. Having the power of compulsion; constraining.

2. Obligatory; enjoined by authority; necessary; due to compulsion.

 This contribution threatening to fall infinitely short of their hopes, they soon made it compulsory. Burke.
 Com*punct" (?), a. [LL. compunctus, p. p.] Affected with compunction; conscience-stricken. [Obs.]

 Com*punc"tion (?), n. [OF. compunction, F. componction, L. compunctio, fr. compungere, compunctum, to prick; com- + pungere to prick, sting. See Pungent.] 1. A pricking; stimulation. [Obs.]

 That acid and piercing spirit which, with such activity and compunction, invadeth the brains and nostrils. Sir T. Browne.
2. A picking of heart; poignant grief proceeding from a sense of guilt or consciousness of causing pain; the sting of conscience.

 He acknowledged his disloyalty to the king, with expressions of great compunction.
Clarendon.
Syn. -- Compunction, Remorse, Contrition. Remorse is anguish of soul under a sense of guilt or consciousness of having offended God or brought evil upon one's self or others. Compunction is the pain occasioned by a wounded and awakened conscience. Neither of them implies true contrition, which denotes self-condemnation, humiliation, and repentance. We speak of the gnawings of remorse; of compunction for a specific act of transgression; of deep contrition in view of our past lives. See Regret.

 Com*punc"tion*less, a. Without compunction.

 Com*punc"tious (?), a. Of the nature of compunction; caused by conscience; attended with, or causing, compunction.

 That no compunctious visitings of nature Shake my fell purpose. Shak.
 Com*punc"tious*ly, adv. With compunction.

 Com*punc"tive (?), a. Sensitive in respect of wrongdoing; conscientious. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
 Com'pur*ga"tion (?), n. [L. compurgatio, fr. compurgare


Messer Marco Polo by BRIAN OSWALD DONN-BYRNE BRIAN OSWALD DONN-BYRNE (_PHONE_) A NOTE ON THE AUTHOR OF MESSER MARCO POLO So Celtic in feeling and atmosphere are the stories of Donn Byrne that many of his devotees have come to believe that he never lived anywhere but in Ireland. Actually, Donn Byrne was born in New York City.
Shortly after his birth, however, his parents took him back to the land of his forefathers. There he was educated and came to know the people of whom he wrote so magically. At Dublin University his love for the Irish language and for a good fight won him many prizes, first as a writer in Gaelic and second as the University's lightweight boxing champion. After continuing his studies at the Sorbonne and the University of Leipzig, he returned to the United States, where, in 1911, he married and established a home in Brooklyn Heights. He earned his living, while trying to write short stories, as an editor of dictionaries. Soon his tales began to attract attention and he added to his collection of boxing prizes many others won in short-story contests. When MESSER MARCO POLO appeared in 1921 his reputation in the literary world was firmly established. Thereafter, whatever he wrote was hailed enthusiastically by his ever-growing public, until 1928, when his tragic death in an automobile accident cut short the career of one of America's best-loved story-tellers.
CONTENTS CHAPTER I CHAPTER II CHAPTER III CHAPTER IV CHAPTER V CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VIII CHAPTER IX CHAPTER X CHAPTER XI CHAPTER XII CHAPTER XIII CHAPTER XIV CHAPTER XV CHAPTER XVI CHAPTER XVII CHAPTER XVIII CHAPTER XIX CHAPTER XX CHAPTER XXI CHAPTER XXII CHAPTER XXIII MESSER MARCO POLO The message came to me, at the second check of the hunt, that a countryman and a clansman needed me. The ground was heavy, the day raw, and it was a drag, too fast for fun and too tame for sport. So I blessed the countryman and the clansman, and turned my back on the field.
But when they told me his name, I all but fell from the saddle.
"But that man's dead!"
But he wasn't dead. He was in New York. He was traveling from the craigs of Ulster to his grandson, who had an orange-grove on the Indian River, in Florida. He wasn't dead. And I said to myself with impatience, "Must every man born ninety years ago be dead?"
"But this is a damned thing," I thought, "to be saddled with a man over ninety years old. To have to act as GARDE-MALADE at my age! Why couldn't he have stayed and died at home? Sure, one of these days he will die, as we all die, and the ghost of him will never be content on the sluggish river, by the mossy trees, where the blue herons and the white cranes and the great gray pelicans fly. It will be going back, I know, to the booming surf and the red-berried rowan-trees and the barking eagles of Antrim. To die out of Ulster, when one can die in Ulster, there is a gey foolish thing..." But the harsh logic of Ulster left me, and the soft mood of Ulster came on me as I remembered him, and I going into the town on the train. And the late winter grass, of Westchester, spare, scrofulous; the jerry-built bungalows; the lines of uncomely linen; the blatant advertising boards—all the unbeauty of it passed away, and I was again in the Antrim glens. There was the soft purple of the Irish Channel, and there the soft, dim outline of Scotland. There was the herring school silver in the sun, and I could see it from the crags where the surf boomed like a drum. And underfoot was the springy heather, the belled and purple heather... And there came to me again the vision of the old man's thatched farmhouse when the moon was up and the bats were out, and the winds of the County Antrim came bellying down the glens... The turf fire burned on the hearth, now red, now yellow, and there was the golden light of lamps, and Malachi of the Long Glen was reciting some poem of Blind Raftery's, or the lament of Pierre Ronsard for Mary, Queen of Scots: Ta ribin o mo cheadshearc ann mo phocs sios.
 Agas mna Eirip ni leigheasfadaois mo bhron, faraor!
 Ta me reidh leat go ndeantar comhra caol!
 Agas gobhfasfaidh an fear no dhiaidh sin thrid mo lar anios!
 There is a ribbon from my only love in my pocket deep, And the women of Europe they could not cure my grief, alas!
 I am done with you until a narrow coffin be made for me.
 And until the grass shall grow after that up through my heart!
And I suddenly discovered on the rumbling train that apart from the hurling and the foot-ball and the jumping of horses, what life I remembered of Ulster was bound up in Malachi Campbell of the Long Glen... A very strange old man, hardy as a blackthorn, immense, bowed shoulders, the face of some old hawk of the mountains, hair white and plentiful as some old cardinal's. All his kinsfolk were dead except for one granddaughter... And he had become a tradition in the glens... It was said he had been an ecclesiastical student abroad, in Valladolid...and that he had forsaken that life. And in France he had been a tutor in the family of MacMahon, roi d' Irlande...and somewhere he had married, and his wife had died and left him money...and he had come back to Antrim... He had been in the Papal Zouaves, and fought also in the American Civil War... A strange old figure who knew Greek and Latin as well as most professors, and who had never forgotten his Gaelic... Antrim will ever color my own writing. My Fifth Avenue will have something in it of the heather glen. My people will have always a phrase, a thought, a flash of Scots-Irish mysticism, and for that I must either thank or blame Malachi Campbell of the Long Glen. The stories I heard, and I young, were not of Little Rollo and Sir Walter Scott's, but the horrible tale of the Naked Hangman, who goes through the Valleys on Midsummer's Eve; of Dermot, and Granye of the Bright Breasts; of the Cattle Raid of Maeve, Queen of Connacht; of the old age of Cuchulain in the Island of Skye; grisly, homely stories, such as yon of the ghostly foot-ballers of Cushendun, whose ball is a skull, and whose goal is the portals of a ruined graveyard; strange religious poems, like the Dialogue of Death and the Sinner: Do thugainn loistin do gach deoraidh treith-lag— I used to give lodging to every poor wanderer; Food and drink to him I would see in want, His proper payment to the man requesting reckoning, Och! Is not Jesus hard if he condemns me!
All these stories, of all these people he told, had the unreal, shimmering quality of that mirage that is seen from Portrush cliffs, a glittering city in a golden desert, surrounded by a strange sea mist.
All these songs, all these words he spoke, were native, had the same tang as the turf smoke, the Gaelic quality that is in dark lakes on mountains summits, in plovers nests amid the heather... And to remember them now in New York


On Broadbalk Field at Rothamsted, England, wheat has been grown on the same land every year for about two-thirds of a century. As an average of the sixty years, 1852 to 1911 the yield was 12.6 bushels an acre on unfertilized land, 14.6 where mineral plant food was annually applied, 20.3 where nitrogen salts alone were used, and 37 where both nitrogen and mineral plant food were applied.
During the thirty years, 1882 to 1911 the average yields were 11.7 bushels an acre on the unfertilized land, 14 with minerals, 18.7 where only nitrogen salts were used, and 38 where both nitrogen and minerals were regularly supplied.
These absolute data from the oldest agricultural experiment station in the world should help us to understand why the ten-year average yield of wheat is 33 bushels an acre for all of Great Britain, 37-1/2 for England alone, and only 14 for the United States.
The application of nitrogen increased the yield of wheat by 24 bushels an acre—from 14 to 38 bushels—as an average of the last thirty years, following an average increase of 26.3 for the nitrogen applied during the previous thirty years. It is true that the cost of the fertilizers used exceeded the value of the increase in yield; but let us bear in mind that this truth does not destroy the other truth.
Prove all things, and hold fast that which is good. It is a good fact that 1218 bushels of wheat were produced by the application of nitrogen to an acre of land during a period of sixty years, over and above the produce of another acre which differed only by not receiving nitrogen; whereas the total produce from an acre of unfertilized land was only 756 bushels during the same sixty years.
It is a good fact that the increase alone from the nitrogen applied is more than twice the total yield of the unfertilized land during the last thirty years, and he does well who holds fast this fact.
It is also a good fact that as an average of sixty years the yield of barley was increased by 21.6 bushels an acre by nitrogen; that nitrogen increased the yield of hay on permanent meadow land at Rothamsted by 1-1/2 tons an acre as a fifty-year average; and that nitrogen increased the average yield of potatoes by 88 bushels as an average of twenty-six years; while the average of the unfertilized land was only 51 bushels an acre, these increases in barley, bay, and potatoes being obtained over and above the yields where minerals alone were used.
Where Is Nitrogen?
If nitrogen has such enormous power to increase the yield of our great staple farm crops then we may well inquire, Where is nitrogen, and how can it be secured economically and utilized profitably in practical agriculture?
The weight of the atmosphere is 15 pounds to the square inch. This means that a column of air 1 inch square taken to the full height of the terrestrial atmosphere weighs 15 pounds. More than three fourths of the air is nitrogen. Since there are 43,560 square feet in one acre, it follows that the nitrogen in the air above each acre of the earth's surface amounts to 70,000,000 pounds, or nearly 500,000 times the 150 pounds of nitrogen required for a hundred-bushel crop of corn. The leaves of the corn plant are blown about by the wind carrying 75-1/2 per cent of nitrogen, but cannot utilize an ounce of this supply.
Many people know that clover and other legumes have power, through the bacteria which inhabit their root tubercles, to feed upon the inexhaustible supply of atmospheric nitrogen which freely enters the pores of the soil; but who knows how much nitrogen is taken from the air by a given crop of clover? Not one in a thousand can answer this question; and meanwhile our continued agricultural and national prosperity depends in large part upon the possibility of wide dissemination and practical application of a quantitative knowledge of the nitrogen problem.
As a rule the so-called "practical" farmer is a theorist. He first believes that the virgin soil is inexhaustible, even though cropped continuously. Later he clings to the popular theory that the rotation of crops will maintain the productive capacity of the land; and it is safe to say that a large majority of the farmers of the United States gladly hold to the erroneous theory that clover grown once every three to five years will increase and permanently maintain the fertility of the soil.
The fact that clover was grown for generations on the lands of the older Eastern states until the clover crop itself finally failed on millions of acres now agriculturally abandoned is overlooked or forgotten by present-day farmers, especially by the descendants of those who have gone West and settled on new, rich lands.
Six Facts and a Question The following six facts will furnish a comprehensive basis for the solution of the nitrogen problem in practical general agriculture: (1) To produce 100 pounds of grain requires about 3 pounds of nitrogen, of which 2 pounds are deposited in the grain itself and 1 pound in the straw or stalks.
(2) In live-stock farming one-fourth of the nitrogen in the food consumed is retained in the animal products—meat, milk, wool, and so on—and three-fourths may be returned to the land in the excrements if saved without loss.
(3) When grown on soils of normal productive capacity legumes secure about two-thirds of their total nitrogen from the air and one-third from the soil.
(4) Clover and other biennial or perennial legumes have about two-thirds of their total nitrogen in the tops and one-third in the roots, while the roots of cowpeas and other annual legumes contain only about one-tenth of their total nitrogen.
(5) Hay made from our common legumes contains about 40 pounds of nitrogen per ton.
(6) Average farm manure contains 16 pounds of nitrogen per ton.
Question: How many tons of average farm manure must be applied to a 40-acre field in order to provide as much nitrogen as would be added to the soil by plowing under 2-1/2 tons of clover per acre? Answer: 400 tons.
Either method will furnish about as much nitrogen as would be taken from the soil by a 50-bushel crop of wheat, a 75-bushel crop of corn or a 100-bushel crop of oats per acre. The decision by the individual between live-stock farming and grain farming should be based upon preference and profit rather than upon the erroneous teaching that farm manure is either essential or sufficient for the maintenance of soil fertility in this country.
Bread is the staff of life, and many must sell grain. I do not advise all grain farmers to become live-stock farmers; but I do advise both grain farmers and live-stock farmers to enrich their soils by practical, profitable and permanent methods. Both classes of farmers may secure new nitrogen—that is, they can positively increase their nitrogen supply by sufficient use of legume crops.
How to Supply Nitrogen The cotton-grower who sells cotton lint at 10 cents a pound and the market gardener who sells from $100 to $300 worth of fruits and vegetables from one acre may well make liberal use of commercial nitrogen at 15 or 20 cents a pound; but if after deducting the cost of harvesting, threshing, storing and marketing the average farmer receives only 1 cent a pound for his grain and if 40 per cent of the commercial nitrogen applied is lost by leaching, then the total crop of grain would bring only enough money to pay for the nitrogen required to produce it, at 20 cents a pound. We may sometimes advise the American grain-grower to buy water with which to irrigate his crop, but not to buy nitrogen with which to fertilize it.
If the grain farmer grows 40 bushels of wheat to the acre, clover having been seeded on the same land in order to plow under the equivalent of 1-1/2 tons of hay as green manure the following spring, and follows this by a 60-bushel crop of corn and a 50-bushel crop of oats, and this the fourth year by two crops of clover aggregating 3 tons an acre, including 2 bushels of seed, he can thus secure from the air about 180 pounds of nitrogen in the 4-1