transacts such official business as may be done out of court.

7. A chamber pot. [Colloq.]

8. (Mil.) (a) That part of the bore of a piece of ordnance which holds the charge, esp. when of different diameter from the rest of the bore; -- formerly, in guns, made smaller than the bore, but now larger, esp. in breech-loading guns. (b) A cavity in a mine, usually of a cubical form, to contain the powder. (c) A short piece of ordnance or cannon, which stood on its breech, without any carriage, formerly used chiefly for rejoicings and theatrical cannonades.

Air chamber. See Air chamber, in the Vocabulary. -- Chamber of commerce, a board or association to protect the interests of commerce, chosen from among the merchants and traders of a city. -- Chamber council, a secret council. Shak. -- Chamber counsel or counselor, a counselor who gives his opinion in private, or at his chambers, but does not advocate causes in court. -- Chamber fellow, a chamber companion; a roommate; a chum. -- Chamber hangings, tapestry or hangings for a chamber. -- Chamber lye, urine. Shak.
 -- Chamber music, vocal or instrumental music adapted to performance in a chamber or small apartment or audience room, instead of a theater, concert hall, or church. -- Chamber practice (Law.), the practice of counselors at law, who give their opinions in private, but do not appear in court. -- To sit at chambers, to do business in chambers, as a judge.

 Cham"ber (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chambered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Chambering.] 1. To reside in or occupy a chamber or chambers.

2. To be lascivious. [Obs.]

 Cham"ber, v. t. 1. To shut up, as in a chamber. Shak.
2. To furnish with a chamber; as, to chamber a gun.

 Cham"bered (?), a. Having a chamber or chambers; as, a chambered shell; a chambered gun.

 Cham"ber*er (?), n. 1. One who attends in a chamber; a chambermaid. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. A civilian; a carpetmonger. [Obs.]

 Cham"ber*ing, n. Lewdness. [Obs.] Rom. xiii. 13.
 Cham"ber*lain (?), n. [OF. chamberlain, chambrelencF.
 chambellon, OHG. chamerling, chamarlinc, G. kämmerling, kammer chamber (fr. L. camera) + -ling. See Chamber, and -ling.] [Formerly written chamberlin.] 1. An officer or servant who has charge of a chamber or chambers.

2. An upper servant of an inn. [Obs.]

3. An officer having the direction and management of the private chambers of a nobleman or monarch; hence, in Europe, one of the high officers of a court.

4. A treasurer or receiver of public money; as, the chamberlain of London, of North Wales, etc.

The lord chamberlain of England, an officer of the crown, who waits upon the sovereign on the day of coronation, and provides requisites for the palace of Westminster, and for the House of Lords during the session of Parliament. Under him are the gentleman of the black rod and other officers. His office is distinct from that of the lord chamberlain of the Household, whose functions relate to the royal housekeeping.

 Cham"ber*lain*ship, n. Office of a chamberlain.

 Cham"ber*maid' (?), n. 1. A maidservant who has the care of chambers, making the beds, sweeping, cleaning the rooms, etc.

2. A lady's maid. [Obs.] Johnson.
 ||Cham'ber*tin" (?), n. A red wine from Chambertin near Dijon, in Burgundy.

 Cham"brel (?), n. Same as Gambrel.

 ||Cha*meck" (?), n. [Native Brazilian name.] (Zoöl.) A kind of spider monkey (Ateles chameck), having the thumbs rudimentary and without a nail.

 Cha*me"le*on (k*m"l*n), n. [L. Chamaeleon, Gr. chamaile'wn, lit., "ground lion;" chamai' on the ground + le'wn lion. See Humble, and Lion.] (Zoöl.) A lizardlike reptile of the genus Chamæleo, of several species, found in Africa, Asia, and Europe. The skin is covered with fine granulations; the tail is prehensile, and the body is much compressed laterally, giving it a high back.

 Its color changes more or less with the color of the objects about it, or with its temper when disturbed. In a cool, dark place it is nearly white, or grayish; on admitting the light, it changes to brown, bottle-green, or blood red, of various shades, and more or less mottled in arrangment. The American chameleons belong to Anolis and allied genera of the family Iguanidæ. They are more slender in form than the true chameleons, but have the same power of changing their colors.

Chameleon mineral (Chem.), the compound called potassium permanganate, a dark violet, crystalline substance, KMnO4, which in formation passes through a peculiar succession of color from green to blue, purple, red, etc. See Potassium permanganate, under Potassium.

 Cha*me"le*on*ize (?), v. t. To change into various colors. [R.]

 Cham"fer (?), n. [See Chamfron.] The surface formed by cutting away the arris, or angle, formed by two faces of a piece of timber, stone, etc.

 Cham"fer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chamfered ; p. pr.
 & vb. n. Chamfering. (&?;)] 1. (Carp.) To cut a furrow in, as in a column; to groove; to channel; to flute.

2. To make a chamfer on.

 Cham"fret (?), n. [See Chamfron.] 1. (Carp.) A small gutter; a furrow; a groove.

2. A chamfer.

 Cham"fron (?), n. [F. chanfrein.] (Anc. Armor) The frontlet, or head armor, of a horse. [Written also champfrain and chamfrain.]

 Cham"let (?), n. See Camlet. [Obs.]

 Cham"ois (shm"m or sh*moi"; 277), n. [F. chamois, prob. fr. OG. gamz, G. gemse.]

1. (Zoöl.) A small species of antelope (Rupicapra tragus), living on the loftiest mountain ridges of Europe, as the Alps, Pyrenees, etc. It possesses remarkable agility, and is a favorite object of chase.

2. A soft leather made from the skin of the chamois, or from sheepskin, etc.; -- called also chamois leather, and chammy or shammy leather. See Shammy.

 Cham"o*mile (?), n. (Bot.) See Camomile.

 Champ (chmp), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Champed (chmt); p. pr. & vb. n. Champing.] [Prob, of Scand. orgin; cf. dial. Sw. kämsa to chew with difficulty, champ; but cf. also OF. champier, champeyer, champoyer, to graze in fields, fr. F. champ field, fr. L. campus.
 Cf. Camp.] 1. To bite with repeated action of the teeth so as


or such a delineation as would result were the chief points of the object thrown forward upon the plane, each in the direction of a line drawn through it from a given point of sight, or central point; as, the projection of a sphere. The several kinds of projection differ according to the assumed point of sight and plane of projection in each.

5. (Geog.) Any method of representing the surface of the earth upon a plane.

Conical projection, a mode of representing the sphere, the spherical surface being projected upon the surface of a cone tangent to the sphere, the point of sight being at the center of the sphere. -- Cylindric projection, a mode of representing the sphere, the spherical surface being projected upon the surface of a cylinder touching the sphere, the point of sight being at the center of the sphere. -- Globular, Gnomonic, Orthographic, projection,etc. See under Globular, Gnomonic, etc. -- Mercator's projection, a mode of representing the sphere in which the meridians are drawn parallel to each other, and the parallels of latitude are straight lines whose distance from each other increases with their distance from the equator, so that at all places the degrees of latitude and longitude have to each other the same ratio as on the sphere itself. -- Oblique projection, a projection made by parallel lines drawn from every point of a figure and meeting the plane of projection obliquely. -- Polar projection, a projection of the sphere in which the point of sight is at the center, and the plane of projection passes through one of the polar circles. -- Powder of projection (Alchemy.), a certain powder cast into a crucible or other vessel containing prepared metal or other matter which is to be thereby transmuted into gold. -- Projection of a point on a plane (Descriptive Geom.), the foot of a perpendicular to the plane drawn through the point. -- Projection of a straight line of a plane, the straight line of the plane connecting the feet of the perpendiculars let fall from the extremities of the given line.

Syn. -- See Protuberance.

 Pro*ject"ment (?), n. Design; contrivance; projection. [Obs.] Clarendon.
 Pro*ject"or (?), n. [Cf. F. projeteur.] One who projects a scheme or design; hence, one who forms fanciful or chimerical schemes. L'Estrange.
 Pro*jec"ture (?), n. [L. projectura: cf. F. projecture.]
 A jutting out beyond a surface.

 ||Pro'jet" (?), n. [F. See Project, n.] A plan proposed; a draft of a proposed measure; a project.

 Proke (?), v. i. To poke; to thrust. [Obs.] Holland.
 Pro*lapse" (?), n. [L. prolapsus, fr. prolapsus, p. p. of prolabi to fall forward; pro forward + labi to glide, fall.] (Med.) The falling down of a part through the orifice with which it is naturally connected, especially of the uterus or the rectum. Dunglison.
 Pro*lapse", v. i. To fall down or out; to protrude.

 Pro*lap"sion (?), n. [L. prolapsio.] (Med.) Prolapse.
 [ Written also prolaption.] [Obs.]

 Pro*lap"sus (?), n. [L.] (Med.) Prolapse.

 Pro"late (?), a. [L. prolatus, used as p. p. of proferre to bring forth, to extend; pro + latus, p. p. See Pro-, and Tolerate. ] Stretched out; extended; especially, elongated in the direction of a line joining the poles; as, a prolate spheroid; -- opposed to oblate.

Prolate cycloid. See the Note under Cycloid. -- Prolate ellipsoid or spheroid (Geom.), a figure generated by the revolution of an ellipse about its major axis. See Ellipsoid of revolution, under Ellipsoid.

 Pro*late" (?), v. t. To utter; to pronounce. [Obs.] "Foun-der-ed; prolate it right." B. Jonson.
 Pro*la"tion (?), n. [L. prolatio: cf. F. prolation.]

1. The act of prolating or pronouncing; utterance; pronunciation.
 [Obs.] Ray.
2. The act of deferring; delay. [Obs.] Ainsworth.
3. (Mus.) A mediæval method of determining of the proportionate duration of semibreves and minims. Busby.
 ||Pro*la"tum (?), n.; pl. Prolata (#). [ NL. See Prolate.] (Geom.) A prolate spheroid. See Ellipsoid of revolution, under Ellipsoid.

 Pro"leg (?), n. [Pref. profor, in place of + leg.]
 (Zoöl.) One of the fleshy legs found on the abdominal segments of the larvæ of Lepidoptera, sawflies, and some other insects. Those of Lepidoptera have a circle of hooks. Called also proped, propleg, and falseleg.

 Pro"leg'ate (?; 48), n. [L. prolegatus; pro for + legatus legate.] (Rom. Hist.) The deputy or substitute for a legate.

 Prol'e*gom"e*na*ry (?), a. Of the nature of a prolegomenon; preliminary; introductory; prefatory.

 ||Prol'e*gom"e*non (?), n.; pl. Prolegomena (#). [ NL., fr. Gr. &?;, properly neut. pass. p. pr. of &?; to say beforehand; &?; before + &?; to say.] A preliminary remark or observation; an introductory discourse prefixed to a book or treatise. D. Stokes (1659). Sir W. Scott.
 ||Pro*lep"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, from &?; to take beforehand; &?; before + &?; to take.]

1. (Rhet.) (a) A figure by which objections are anticipated or prevented. Abp. Bramhall. (b) A necessary truth or assumption; a first or assumed principle.

2. (Chron.) An error in chronology, consisting in an event being dated before the actual time.

3. (Gram.) The application of an adjective to a noun in anticipation, or to denote the result, of the action of the verb; as, to strike one dumb.

 { Pro*lep"tic (?), Pro*lep"tic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. proleptique.]

1. Of or pertaining to prolepsis; anticipative. "A far-seeing or proleptic wisdom." De Quincey.
2. Previous; antecedent. Glanvill.
3. (Med.) Anticipating the usual time; -- applied to a periodical disease whose paroxysms return at an earlier hour at every repetition.

 Pro*lep"tic*al*ly, adv. In a proleptical manner.

 Pro*lep"tics (?), n. (Med.) The art and science of predicting in medicine. Laycock.
 ||Pro'lé'taire" (?), n. [F. See Proletary.] One of the common people; a low person; also, the common people as a class or estate in a country.

 Prol'e*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [L. proletaneus.] Having a numerous offspring. [R.]

 Prol'e*ta"ri*an (?), a. [L. proletarius. See Proletary.] Of or pertaining to the proletaries; belonging to the commonalty; hence, mean; vile; vulgar. "Every citizen, if


of the genus Phytolacca (P. decandra), bearing dark purple juicy berries; -- called also garget, pigeon berry, pocan, and pokeweed.
 The root and berries have emetic and purgative properties, and are used in medicine. The young shoots are sometimes eaten as a substitute for asparagus, and the berries are said to be used in Europe to color wine.

 Poke, n. [AS. poca, poha, pohha; akin to Icel.
 poki, OD. poke, and perh. to E. pock; cf. also Gael.
 poca, and OF. poque. Cf. Pock, Pocket, Pouch.] 1. A bag; a sack; a pocket. "He drew a dial from his poke." Shak.
 They wallowed as pigs in a poke.

Chaucer.
2. A long, wide sleeve; -- called also poke sleeve.

To boy a pig a poke (that is, in a bag), to buy a thing without knowledge or examination of it. Camden.
 Poke, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poked (?); p. pr. & vb.
 n. Poking.] [Cf. LG. poken to prick, pierce, thrust, pok a dagger, knife, D. pook, G. pocken to beat, also Ir. poc a blow, Gael. puc to push.] 1. To thrust or push against or into with anything pointed; hence, to stir up; to excite; as, to poke a fire.

 He poked John, and said "Sleepest thou?"

Chaucer.
2. To thrust with the horns; to gore.

3. [From 5th Poke, 3.] To put a poke on; as, to poke an ox.
 [Colloq. U. S.]

To poke fun, to excite fun; to joke; to jest. [Colloq.] -- To poke fun at, to make a butt of; to ridicule. [Colloq.]

 Poke, v. i. To search; to feel one's way, as in the dark; to grope; as, to poke about.

 A man must have poked into Latin and Greek.

Prior.
 Poke, n. 1. The act of poking; a thrust; a jog; as, a poke in the ribs. Ld. Lytton.
2. A lazy person; a dawdler; also, a stupid or uninteresting person. [Slang, U.S.] Bartlett.
3. A contrivance to prevent an animal from leaping or breaking through fences. It consists of a yoke with a pole inserted, pointed forward. [U.S.]

Poke bonnet, a bonnet with a straight, projecting front.

 Poke"bag' (?), n. [So called in allusion to its baglike nest.] (Zoöl.)
 The European longtailed titmouse; -- called also poke-pudding.
 [Prov. Eng.]

 Pok"er (?), n. [From Poke to push.] 1. One who pokes.

2. That which pokes or is used in poking, especially a metal bar or rod used in stirring a fire of coals.

3. A poking-stick. Decker.
4. (Zoöl.) The poachard. [Prov. Eng.]

Poker picture, a picture formed in imitation of bisterwashed drawings, by singeing the surface of wood with a heated poker or other iron. Fairholt.
 Pok"er, n. [Of uncertain etymol.] A game at cards derived from brag, and first played about 1835 in the Southwestern United States. Johnson's Cyc.
 Pok"er, n. [Cf. Dan. pokker the deuce, devil, also W. pwci, a hobgoblin, bugbear, and E. puck.] Any imagined frightful object, especially one supposed to haunt the darkness; a bugbear. [Colloq. U. S.]

 Pok"er*ish, a. Infested by pokers; adapted to excite fear; as, a pokerish place. [Colloq. U. S.]

 There is something pokerish about a deserted dwelling.

Lowell.
 Pok"er*ish, a. Stiff like a poker. [Colloq.]

 Pok"et (?), n. A pocket. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Poke"weed' (?), n. (Bot.) See Poke, the plant.

 Pok"ey (?), a. See Poky.

 Pok"ing (?), a. Drudging; servile. [Colloq.]

 Bred to some poking profession.

Gray.
 Pok"ing-stick' (?), n. A small stick or rod of steel, formerly used in adjusting the plaits of ruffs. Shak.
 Pok"y (?), a. [Written also pokey.] 1. Confined; cramped. [Prov. Eng.]

2. Dull; tedious; uninteresting. [Colloq.]

 Po*lac"ca (?), n. [It. polacca, polaccra, polacra; cf. F. polaque, polacre, Sp. polacre,] [Written also polacre.] 1. (Naut.) A vessel with two or three masts, used in the Mediterranean. The masts are usually of one piece, and without tops, caps, or crosstrees.

2. (Mus.) See Polonaise.

 Po"lack (?), n. A Polander. Shak.
 Po*la"cre (?), n. Same as Polacca, 1.

 Po"land*er (?), n. A native or inhabitant of Poland; a Pole.

 Po"lar (?), a. [Cf. F. polaire. See Pole of the earth.] 1.
 Of or pertaining to one of the poles of the earth, or of a sphere; situated near, or proceeding from, one of the poles; as, polar regions; polar seas; polar winds.

2. Of or pertaining to the magnetic pole, or to the point to which the magnetic needle is directed.

3. (Geom.) Pertaining to, reckoned from, or having a common radiating point; as, polar coördinates.

Polar axis, that axis of an astronomical instrument, as an equatorial, which is parallel to the earths axis. -- Polar bear (Zoöl.), a large bear (Ursus, or Thalarctos, maritimus) inhabiting the arctic regions. It sometimes measures nearly nine feet in length and weighs 1,600 pounds. It is partially amphibious, very powerful, and the most carnivorous of all the bears. The fur is white, tinged with yellow.
 Called also White bear. See Bear. -- Polar body, cell, or globule (Biol.), a minute cell which separates by karyokinesis from the ovum during its maturation. In the maturation of ordinary ova two polar bodies are formed, but in parthogenetic ova only one. The first polar body formed is usually larger than the second one, and often divides into two after its separation from the ovum. Each of the polar bodies removes maternal chromatin from the ovum to make room for the chromatin of the fertilizing spermatozoön; but their functions are not fully understood. -- Polar circles (Astron. & Geog.), two circles, each at a distance from a pole of the earth equal to the obliquity of the ecliptic, or about 23° 28′, the northern called the arctic circle, and the southern the antarctic circle. -- Polar clock, a tube, containing a polarizing apparatus, turning on an axis parallel to that of the earth, and indicating the hour of the day on an hour circle, by being turned toward the plane of maximum polarization of the light of the sky, which is always 90° from the sun. -- Polar coördinates. See under 3d Coördinate. -- Polar dial, a dial whose plane is


giving less prominence to the selection of the individual. Each relates to two or more individuals of a class. It refers definitely to every one of them, denoting that they are considered separately, one by one, all being included; as, each soldier was receiving a dollar per day. Every relates to more than two and brings into greater prominence the notion that not one of all considered is excepted; as, every soldier was on service, except the cavalry, that is, all the soldiers, etc.

 In each division there were four pentecosties, in every pentecosty four enomoties, and of each enomoty there fought in the front rank four [soldiers].

Jowett (Thucyd. ).
 If society is to be kept together and the children of Adam to be saved from setting up each for himself with every one else his foe.

J. H. Newman.
 Ev"er*y*bod'y (?), n. Every person.

 Ev"er*y*day' (?), a. Used or fit for every day; common; usual; as, an everyday suit of clothes.

 The mechanical drudgery of his everyday employment.

Sir. J. Herchel.
 Ev"er*y*one' (?), n. [OE. everychon.] Everybody; -- commonly separated, every one.

 Ev"er*y*thing' (?), n. Whatever pertains to the subject under consideration; all things.

 More wise, more learned, more just, more everything.

Pope.
 Ev"er*y*when' (?), adv. At any or all times; every instant. [R.]
 "Eternal law is silently present everywhere and everywhen." Carlyle.
 Ev"er*y*where' (?), adv. In every place; in all places; hence, in every part; thoroughly; altogether.

 Ev"er*y*where'ness (?), n. Ubiquity; omnipresence. [R.] Grew.
 Eves"drop' (?), v. i. See Eavesdrop.

 Eves"drop'per (?), n. See Eavesdropper.

 E*ves"ti*gate (?), v. t. [L. evestigatus traced out; e out + vestigatus, p. p. of vestigare. See Vestigate.] To investigate. [Obs.] Bailey.
 Ev"et (?), n. [See Eft, n.] (Zoöl.) The common newt or eft. In America often applied to several species of aquatic salamanders. [Written also evat.]

 E*vi"brate (?), v. t. & i. [L. evibrare. See Vibrate.]
 To vibrate. [Obs.] Cockeram.
 E*vict" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evicted; p. pr.
 & vb. n. Evicting.] [L. evictus, p. p. of evincere to overcome completely, evict. See Evince.] 1. (Law) To dispossess by a judicial process; to dispossess by paramount right or claim of such right; to eject; to oust.

 The law of England would speedily evict them out of their possession.

Sir. J. Davies.
2. To evince; to prove. [Obs.] Cheyne.
 E*vic"tion (?), n. [L. evictio: cf. F. éviction.]
 1. The act or process of evicting; or state of being evicted; the recovery of lands, tenements, etc., from another's possession by due course of law; dispossession by paramount title or claim of such title; ejectment; ouster.

2. Conclusive evidence; proof. [Obs.]

 Full eviction of this fatal truth.

South.
 Ev"i*dence (?), n. [F. évidence, L. Evidentia.
 See Evident.] 1. That which makes evident or manifest; that which furnishes, or tends to furnish, proof; any mode of proof; the ground of belief or judgement; as, the evidence of our senses; evidence of the truth or falsehood of a statement.

 Faith is... the evidence of things not seen.

Heb. xi. 1.
 O glorious trial of exceeding love Illustrious evidence, example high.

Milton.
2. One who bears witness. [R.] "Infamous and perjured evidences."
 Sir W. Scott.
3. (Law) That which is legally submitted to competent tribunal, as a means of ascertaining the truth of any alleged matter of fact under investigation before it; means of making proof; -- the latter, strictly speaking, not being synonymous with evidence, but rather the effect of it. Greenleaf.
Circumstantial evidence, Conclusive evidence, etc. See under Circumstantial, Conclusive, etc. -- Crown's, King's, or Queen's evidence, evidence for the crown. [Eng.] -- State's evidence, evidence for the government or the people. [U. S. ] -- To turn King's, Queen's or State's evidence, to confess a crime and give evidence against one's accomplices.

Syn. -- Testimony; proof. See Testimony.

 Ev"i*dence, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Evidenced (?); p, pr.
 & vb. n. Evidencing (?).] To render evident or clear; to prove; to evince; as, to evidence a fact, or the guilt of an offender. Milton.
 Ev"i*den*cer (?), n. One who gives evidence.

 Ev"i*dent (?), a. [F. évinent, l. evidens, -entis; e out + videns, p. pr. of videre to see. See Vision.]
 Clear to the vision; especially, clear to the understanding, and satisfactory to the judgment; as, the figure or color of a body is evident to the senses; the guilt of an offender can not always be made evident.

 Your honor and your goodness is so evident.

Shak.
 And in our faces evident the signs Of foul concupiscence.

Milton.
Syn. -- Manifest; plain; clear; obvious; visible; apparent; conclusive; indubitable; palpable; notorious. See Manifest.

 Ev'i*den"tial (?), a. Relating to, or affording, evidence; indicative; especially, relating to the evidences of Christianity. Bp.
 Fleetwood. "Evidential tracks." Earle.. -- Ev'i*den"tial*ly, adv.
 Ev'i*den"ti*a*ry (?), a. Furnishing evidence; asserting; proving; evidential.

 When a fact is supposed, although incorrectly, to be evidentiary of, or a mark of, some other fact.

J. S. Mill.
 Ev"i*dent*ly (?), adv. In an evident manner; clearly; plainly.

 Before whose eyes Jesus Christ hath been evidently set forth.

Gal. iii. 1.
 He was evidently in the prime of youth.

W. Irving.
 Ev"i*dent*ness, n. State of being evident.

 E*vig'i*la"tion (?), n. [L. evigilatio; e out + vigilare to be awake. See Vigilant.] A waking up or awakening. [Obs.]

 E*vil ("v'l) a. [OE. evel, evil, ifel, uvel, AS. yfel; akin to OFries, evel, D. euvel, OS. & OHG. ubil, G. übel, Goth. ubils, and perh. to E.
 over.] 1. Having qualities tending to injury and mischief; having a nature or properties which tend to badness; mischievous; not good; worthless or deleterious; poor; as, an evil beast; and evil plant; an evil crop.

 A good tree can not bring


-- used impersonally. "It pleased the Father that in him should all fullness dwell." Col. i. 19.
 To-morrow, may it please you.

Shak.
To be pleased in or with, to have complacency in; to take pleasure in. -- To be pleased to do a thing, to take pleasure in doing it; to have the will to do it; to think proper to do it. Dryden.
 Please (?), v. i. 1. To afford or impart pleasure; to excite agreeable emotions.

 What pleasing scemed, for her now pleases more.

Milton.
 For we that live to please, must please to live.

Johnson.
2. To have pleasure; to be willing, as a matter of affording pleasure or showing favor; to vouchsafe; to consent.

 Heavenly stranger, please to taste These bounties.

Milton.
 That he would please 8give me my liberty.

Swift.
 Pleased (?), a. Experiencing pleasure. -- Pleas"ed*ly (#), adv.
 -- Pleas"ed*ness, n. Please"man (?), n. An officious person who courts favor servilely; a pickthank. [Obs.] Shak.
 Pleas"er (?), n. One who pleases or gratifies.

 Pleas"ing, a. Giving pleasure or satisfaction; causing agreeable emotion; agreeable; delightful; as, a pleasing prospect; pleasing manners. "Pleasing harmony." Shak. "Pleasing features." Macaulay. -- Pleas"ing*ly, adv. -- Pleas"ing*ness, n. Syn. -- Gratifying; delightful; agreeable. See Pleasant.

 Pleas"ing, n. An object of pleasure. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Pleas"ur*a*ble (?), a. Capable of affording pleasure or satisfaction; gratifying; abounding in pleasantness or pleasantry.

 Planting of orchards is very... pleasurable.

Bacon.
 O, sir, you are very pleasurable.

B. Jonson.
 -- Pleas"ur*a*ble*ness, n. -- Pleas"ur*a*bly, adv.
 Pleas"ure (?), n. [F. plaisir, originally an infinitive. See Please.] 1. The gratification of the senses or of the mind; agreeable sensations or emotions; the excitement, relish, or happiness produced by the expectation or the enjoyment of something good, delightful, or satisfying; -- opposed to pain, sorrow, etc.

 At thy right hand there are pleasures for evermore.

Ps. xvi. 11.
2. Amusement; sport; diversion; selfindulgence; frivolous or dissipating enjoyment; hence, sensual gratification; -- opposed to labor, service, duty, self-denial, etc. "Not sunk in carnal pleasure." Milton.
 He that loveth pleasure shall be a poor man.

Prov. xxi. 17.
 Lovers of pleasures more than lovers of God.

2 Tim. iii. 4.
3. What the will dictates or prefers as gratifying or satisfying; hence, will; choice; wish; purpose. "He will do his pleasure on Babylon." Isa. xlviii. 14.
 Use your pleasure; if your love do not presuade you to come, let not my letter.

Shak.
4. That which pleases; a favor; a gratification. Shak.
 Festus, willing to do the Jews a pleasure Acts xxv. 9.
At pleasure, by arbitrary will or choice. Dryden. -- To take pleasure in, to have enjoyment in. Ps. cxlvii. 11.
Pleasure is used adjectively, or in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, pleasure boat, pleasure ground; pleasure house, etc.

Syn. -- Enjoyment; gratification; satisfaction; comfort; solace; joy; gladness; delight; will; choice; preference; purpose; command; favor; kindness.

 Pleas"ure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pleasured (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Pleasuring.] To give or afford pleasure to; to please; to gratify. Shak.
 [Rolled] his hoop to pleasure Edith.

Tennyson.
 Pleas"ure, v. i. To take pleasure; to seek pursue pleasure; as, to go pleasuring.

 Pleas"ure*ful (?), a. Affording pleasure. [R.]

 Pleas"ure*less, a. Devoid of pleasure. G. Eliot.
 Pleas"ur*er (?), n. A pleasure seeker. Dickens.
 Pleas"ur*ist, n. A person devoted to worldly pleasure. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
 Pleat (plt), n. & v. t. See Plait.

 Plebe (plb), n. [F. plèbe, fr. L. plebs.] 1.
 The common people; the mob. [Obs.]

 The plebe with thirst and fury prest.

Sylvester.
2. [Cf. Plebeian.] A member of the lowest class in the military academy at West Point. [Cant, U.S.]

 Ple*be"ian (pl*b"yan), a. [L. plebeius, from plebs, plebis, the common people: cf. F. plébéien.]
 1. Of or pertaining to the Roman plebs, or common people.

2. Of or pertaining to the common people; vulgar; common; as, plebeian sports; a plebeian throng.

 Ple*be"ian, n. 1. One of the plebs, or common people of ancient Rome, in distinction from patrician.

2. One of the common people, or lower rank of men.

 Ple*be"iance (?), n. 1. Plebeianism. [Obs.]

2. Plebeians, collectively. [Obs.]

 Ple*be"ian*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. plébéianisme.]
 1. The quality or state of being plebeian.

2. The conduct or manners of plebeians; vulgarity.

 Ple*be"ian*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plebeianized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plebeianizing.] To render plebeian, common, or vulgar.

 Ple*bic"o*list (?), n. [L. plebs the common people + colere to cultivate.] One who flatters, or courts the favor of, the common people; a demagogue. [R.]

 Pleb'i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. plebs the common people + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] A rendering plebeian; the act of vulgarizing. [R.]

 You begin with the attempt to popularize learning... but you will end in the plebification of knowledge.

Coleridge.
 Ple*bis"ci*ta*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to plebiscite. The Century.
 Pleb"i*scite (?), n. [F. plébiscite, fr. L. plebiscitum.]
 A vote by universal male suffrage; especially, in France, a popular vote, as first sanctioned by the National Constitution of 1791. [Written also plebiscit.]

Plebiscite we have lately taken, in popular use, from the French.

Fitzed. Hall.
 ||Ple'bis*ci"tum (?), n. [L., fr. plebs, plebis, common people + scitum decree.] (Rom. Antiq.) A law enacted by the common people, under the superintendence of a tribune or some subordinate plebeian magistrate, without the intervention of the senate.

 Plec"tile


(?; 135), a. [L. individuus indivisible; pref. innot + dividuus divisible, fr. dividere to divide: cf. F. individuel. See Divide.]

1. Not divided, or not to be divided; existing as one entity, or distinct being or object; single; one; as, an individual man, animal, or city.

 Mind has a being of its own, distinct from that of all other things, and is pure, unmingled, individual substance.

A. Tucker.
 United as one individual soul.

Milton.
2. Of or pertaining to one only; peculiar to, or characteristic of, a single person or thing; distinctive; as, individual traits of character; individual exertions; individual peculiarities.

 In'di*vid"u*al, n. 1. A single person, animal, or thing of any kind; a thing or being incapable of separation or division, without losing its identity; especially, a human being; a person. Cowper.
 An object which is in the strict and primary sense one, and can not be logically divided, is called an individual.

Whately.
 That individuals die, his will ordains.

Dryden.
2. (Zoöl.) (a) An independent, or partially independent, zooid of a compound animal. (b) The product of a single egg, whether it remains a single animal or becomes compound by budding or fission.

 In'di*vid"u*al*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. individualisme.]

1. The quality of being individual; individuality; personality.

2. An excessive or exclusive regard to one's personal interest; self-interest; selfishness.

 The selfishness of the small proprietor has been described by the best writers as individualism.

Ed. Rev.
 In'di*vid'u*al*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the individual or individualism. London Athenæum.
 In'di*vid'u*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Individualities (#).
 [Cf. F. individualité.]

1. The quality or state of being individual or constituting an individual; separate or distinct existence; oneness; unity. Arbuthnot.
 They possess separate individualities.

H. Spencer.
2. The character or property appropriate or peculiar to an individual; that quality which distinguishes one person or thing from another; the sum of characteristic traits; distinctive character; as, he is a person of marked individuality.

 In'di*vid'u*al*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. individualization.]
 The act of individualizing; the state of being individualized; individuation.

 In'di*vid"u*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Individualized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Individualizing (?).] [Cf.
 F. individualiser.] To mark as an individual, or to distinguish from others by peculiar properties; to invest with individuality.

 The peculiarities which individualize and distinguish the humor of Addison.

N. Drake.
 In'di*vid"u*al*i'zer (?), n. One who individualizes.

 In'di*vid"u*al*ly, adv. 1. In an individual manner or relation; as individuals; separately; each by itself. "Individually or collectively." Burke.
 How should that subsist solitarily by itself which hath no substance, but individually the very same whereby others subsist with it?

Hooker.
2. In an inseparable manner; inseparably; incommunicably; indivisibly; as, individually the same.

 [Omniscience], an attribute individually proper to the Godhead.

Hakewill.
 In'di*vid"u*ate (?), a. [See Individual.] Undivided. [Obs.]

 In'di*vid"u*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Individuated (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Individuating.] To distinguish from others of the species; to endow with individuality; to divide into individuals; to discriminate.

 The soul, as the prime individuating principle, and the said reserved portion of matter as an essential and radical part of the individuation, shall... make up and restore the same individual person.

South.
 Life is individuated into infinite numbers, that have their distinct sense and pleasure.

Dr. H. More.
 In'di*vid'u*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. individuation.] The act of individuating or state of being individuated; individualization. H. Spencer.
 In'di*vid"u*a'tor (?), n. One who, or that which, individuates. Sir K. Digby.
 In'di*vi*du"i*ty (?), n. [L. individuitas.] Separate existence; individuality; oneness. Fuller.
 In'di*vin"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. innot + divinity: cf. F. indivinité.] Want or absence of divine power or of divinity. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
 In'di*vis'i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. indivisibilité.]
 The state or property of being indivisible or inseparable; inseparability.
 Locke.
 In'di*vis"i*ble (?), a. [L. indivisibilis: cf. F. indivisible.
 See Innot, and Divisible.]

1. Not divisible; incapable of being divided, separated, or broken; not separable into parts. "One indivisible point of time." Dryden.
2. (Math.) Not capable of exact division, as one quantity by another; incommensurable.

 In'di*vis"i*ble, n. 1. That which is indivisible.

 By atom, nobody will imagine we intend to express a perfect indivisible, but only the least sort of natural bodies.

Digby.
2. (Geom.) An infinitely small quantity which is assumed to admit of no further division.

Method of indivisibles, a kind of calculus, formerly in use, in which lines were considered as made up of an infinite number of points; surfaces, as made up of an infinite number of lines; and volumes, as made up of an infinite number of surfaces.

 In'di*vis"i*ble*ness (?), n. The state of being indivisible; indivisibility. W. Montagu.
 In'di*vis"i*bly, adv. In an indivisible manner.

 In'di*vi"sion (?), n. [Pref. innot + division: cf.
 F. indivision, LL. indivisio.] A state of being not divided; oneness. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
 In"do- (?). [From L. Indus East Indian.] A prefix signifying Indian (i. e., East Indian); of or pertaining of India.

 In'do*an"i*line (?), n. [Indigo + aniline.] (Chem.)
 Any one of a series of artificial blue dyes, in appearance resembling indigo, for which they are often used as substitutes.

 In'do-Brit"on (?), n. [Indo- + Briton.] A person born in India, of mixed Indian and British blood; a half-caste. Malcom.
 In'do-Chi*nese" (?), a. [Indo- + Chinese.] Of or pertaining to Indo-China (i. e., Farther India, or India beyond the Ganges).

 In*doc'i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state of being indocible; indocibleness; indocility.

 In*doc"i*ble (?), a. [L. ind


:-ware, Up:= W = warez /weirz/ n. Widely used in cracker subcultures to denote cracked version of commercial software, that is versions from which copy-protection has been stripped.
Hackers recognize this term but don't use it themselves. See warez d00dz, courier, leech, elite.
Node:warez d00dz, Next:warez kiddies, Previous:warez, Up:= W = warez d00dz /weirz doodz/ n. A substantial subculture of crackers refer to themselves as 'warez d00dz'; there is evidently some connection with B1FF here. As 'Ozone Pilot', one former warez d00d, wrote: Warez d00dz get illegal copies of copyrighted software. If it has copy protection on it, they break the protection so the software can be copied. Then they distribute it around the world via several gateways. Warez d00dz form badass group names like RAZOR and the like. They put up boards that distribute the latest ware, or pirate program. The whole point of the Warez sub-culture is to get the pirate program released and distributed before any other group. I know, I know. But don't ask, and it won't hurt as much. This is how they prove their poweress [sic]. It gives them the right to say, "I released King's Quest IVXIX before you so obviously my testicles are larger." Again don't ask... The studly thing to do if one is a warez d00d, it appears, is emit '0-day warez', that is copies of commercial software copied and cracked on the same day as its retail release. Warez d00ds also hoard software in a big way, collecting untold megabytes of arcade-style games, pornographic JPGs, and applications they'll never use onto their hard disks. As Ozone Pilot acutely observes: [BELONG] is the only word you will need to know.
Warez d00dz want to belong. They have been shunned by everyone, and thus turn to cyberspace for acceptance. That is why they always start groups like TGW, FLT, USA and the like. Structure makes them happy. [...] Warez d00dz will never have a handle like "Pink Daisy" because warez d00dz are insecure. Only someone who is very secure with a good dose of self-esteem can stand up to the cries of fag and girlie-man. More likely you will find warez d00dz with handles like: Doctor Death, Deranged Lunatic, Hellraiser, Mad Prince, Dreamdevil, The Unknown, Renegade Chemist, Terminator, and Twin Turbo. They like to sound badass when they can hide behind their terminals. More likely, if you were given a sample of 100 people, the person whose handle is Hellraiser is the last person you'd associate with the name.
The contrast with Internet hackers is stark and instructive.
See cracker, wannabee, handle, elite, courier, leech; compare weenie, spod.
Node:warez kiddies, Next:warlording, Previous:warez d00dz, Up:= W = warez kiddies n. Even more derogatory way of referring to warez d00dz; refers to the fact that most warez d00dz are around the age of puberty. Compare script kiddies.
Node:warlording, Next:warm boot, Previous:warez kiddies, Up:= W = warlording v.
[from the Usenet group alt.fan.warlord] The act of excoriating a bloated, ugly, or derivative sig block. Common grounds for warlording include the presence of a signature rendered in a BUAF, over-used or cliched sig quotes, ugly ASCII art, or simply excessive size. The original 'Warlord' was a B1FF-like newbie c.1991 who featured in his sig a particularly large and obnoxious ASCII graphic resembling the sword of Conan the Barbarian in the 1981 John Milius movie; the group name alt.fan.warlord was sarcasm, and the characteristic mode of warlording is devastatingly sarcastic praise.
Node:warm boot, Next:wart, Previous:warlording, Up:= W = warm boot n. See boot.
Node:wart, Next:washing machine, Previous:warm boot, Up:= W = wart n. A small, crocky feature that sticks out of an otherwise clean design. Something conspicuous for localized ugliness, especially a special-case exception to a general rule. For example, in some versions of csh(1), single quotes literalize every character inside them except!. In ANSI C, the??
syntax used for obtaining ASCII characters in a foreign environment is a wart. See also miswart.
Node:washing machine, Next:washing software, Previous:wart, Up:= W = washing machine n.
1. Old-style 14-inch hard disks in floor-standing cabinets. So called because of the size of the cabinet and the 'top-loading' access to the media packs -- and, of course, they were always set on 'spin cycle'. The washing-machine idiom transcends language barriers; it is even used in Russian hacker jargon. See also walking drives. The thick channel cables connecting these were called 'bit hoses' (see hose, sense 3). 2. [CMU] A machine used exclusively for washing software. CMU has clusters of these.
Node:washing software, Next:water MIPS, Previous:washing machine, Up:= W = washing software n. The process of recompiling a software distribution (used more often when the recompilation is occuring from scratch) to pick up and merge together all of the various changes that have been made to the source.
Node:water MIPS, Next:wave a dead chicken, Previous:washing software, Up:= W = water MIPS n.
(see MIPS, sense 2) Large, water-cooled machines of either today's ECL-supercomputer flavor or yesterday's traditional mainframe type.
Node:wave a dead chicken, Next:weasel, Previous:water MIPS, Up:= W = wave a dead chicken v. To perform a ritual in the direction of crashed software or hardware that one believes to be futile but is nevertheless necessary so that others are satisfied that an appropriate degree of effort has been expended. "I'll wave a dead chicken over the source code, but I really think we've run into an OS bug."
Compare voodoo programming, rain dance; see also casting the runes.
Node:weasel, Next:web pointer, Previous:wave a dead chicken, Up:= W = weasel n.
[Cambridge] A naive user, one who deliberately or accidentally does things that are stupid or ill-advised. Roughly synonymous with loser.
Node:web pointer, Next:web toaster, Previous:weasel, Up:= W = web pointer n. A World Wide Web URL. See also hotlink, which has slightly different connotations.
Node:web toaster, Next:webify, Previous:web pointer, Up:= W = web toaster n. A small specialized computer, shipped with no monitor or keyboard or any other external peripherals, pre-configured to be controlled through an Ethernet port and function as a WWW server.
Products of this kind (for example the Cobalt Qube) are often about the size of a toaster. See toaster; compare video toaster.
Node:webify, Next:webmaster, Previous:web toaster, Up:= W = webify n. To put a piece of (possibly already existing) material on the WWW. Frequently used for papers ("Why don't you webify all your publications?") or for demos ("They webified their 6.866 final project"). This term seems to have been (rather logically) independently invented multiple times in the early 1990s.
Node:webmaster, Next:web ring, Previous:webify, Up:= W = webmaster n.
[WWW: from postmaster] The person at a site providing World Wide Web information who is responsible for maintaining the public pages and keeping the Web server running and properly configured.
Node:web ring, Next:wedged, Previous:webmaster, Up:= W = web ring n. Two or more web sites connected by prominent links between sites sharing a common interest or theme. Usually such cliques have the topology of a ring, in order to make it easy for


Aërial perspective is the expression of space by any means whatsoever, sharpness of edge, vividness of color, etc.

Ruskin.
4. The art and the science of so delineating objects that they shall seem to grow smaller as they recede from the eye; -- called also linear perspective.

5. A drawing in linear perspective.

Isometrical perspective, an inaccurate term for a mechanical way of representing objects in the direction of the diagonal of a cube. -- Perspective glass, a telescope which shows objects in the right position.

 Per*spec"tive*ly (?), adv. 1. Optically; as through a glass.
 [R.]

 You see them perspectively.

Shak.
2. According to the rules of perspective.

 Per*spec"to*graph (?), n. [L. perspectus (p. p. of perspicere to look through) + - graph.] An instrument for obtaining, and transferring to a picture, the points and outlines of objects, so as to represent them in their proper geometrical relations as viewed from some one point.

 Per'spec*tog"ra*phy (?), n. The science or art of delineating objects according to the laws of perspective; the theory of perspective.

 Per"spi*ca*ble (?), a. [L. perspicabilis, fr. perspicere.]
 Discernible. [Obs.] Herbert.
 Per'spi*ca"cious (?), a. [L. perspicax, -acis, fr. perspicere to look through: cf. F. perspicace. See Perspective.] 1.
 Having the power of seeing clearly; quick-sighted; sharp of sight.

2. Fig.: Of acute discernment; keen.

 -- Per'spi*ca"cious*ly, adv. -- Per'spi*ca"cious*ness, n. Per'spi*cac"i*ty (?), n. [L. perspicacitas: cf. F. perspicacité.
 See Perspicacious.] The state of being perspicacious; acuteness of sight or of intelligence; acute discernment. Sir T. Browne.
 Per"spi*ca*cy (?), n. Perspicacity. [Obs.]

 Per*spi"cience (?), n. [L. perspicientia, fr. perspiciens, p. p. of perspicere. See Perspective.] The act of looking sharply.
 [Obs.] Bailey.
 Per"spi*cil (?), n. [LL. perspicilla, fr. L. perspicere to look through.] An optical glass; a telescope. [Obs.] Crashaw.
 Per'spi*cu"i*ty (?), n. [L. perspicuitas: cf. F. perspicuité.]
 1. The quality or state of being transparent or translucent. [Obs.]
 Sir T. Browne.
2. The quality of being perspicuous to the understanding; clearness of expression or thought.

3. Sagacity; perspicacity.

Syn. -- Clearness; perspicuousness; plainness; distinctness; lucidity; transparency. See Clearness.

 Per*spic"u*ous (?), a. [L. perspicuus, from perspicere to look through. See Perspective.] 1. Capable of being through; transparent; translucent; not opaque. [Obs.] Peacham.
2. Clear to the understanding; capable of being clearly understood; clear in thought or in expression; not obscure or ambiguous; as, a perspicuous writer; perspicuous statements. "The purpose is perspicuous."
 Shak.
 -- Per*spic"u*ous*ly, adv. -- Per*spic"u*ous*ness, n. Per*spir'a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being perspirable.

 Per*spir"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. perspirable.] 1.
 Capable of being perspired. Sir T. Browne.
2. Emitting perspiration; perspiring. [R.] Bacon.
 Per'spi*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. perspiration.] 1. The act or process of perspiring.

2. That which is excreted through the skin; sweat.

 A man of average weight throws off through the skin during 24 hours about 18 ounces of water, 300 grains of solid matter, and 400 grains of carbonic acid gas. Ordinarily, this constant exhalation is not apparent, and the excretion is then termed insensible perspiration.

 Per*spir"a*tive (?), a. Performing the act of perspiration; perspiratory.

 Per*spir"a*to*ry (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or producing, perspiration; as, the perspiratory ducts.

 Per*spire" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Perspired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Perspiring.] [L. perspirare to breathe through; per + spirare. See Per-, and Spirit.] 1. (Physiol.)
 To excrete matter through the skin; esp., to excrete fluids through the pores of the skin; to sweat.

2. To be evacuated or excreted, or to exude, through the pores of the skin; as, a fluid perspires.

 Per*spire", v. t. To emit or evacuate through the pores of the skin; to sweat; to excrete through pores.

 Firs... perspire a fine balsam of turpentine.

Smollett.
 Per*strep"er*ous (?), a. [L. perstrepere to make a great noise.] Noisy; obstreperous. [Obs.] Ford.
 Per*stringe" (?), v. t. [L. perstringere; per + stringere to bind up, to touch upon.] 1. To touch; to graze; to glance on.
 [Obs.]

2. To criticise; to touch upon. [R.] Evelyn.
 Per*suad"a*ble (?), a. That may be persuaded. -- Per*suad"a*ble*ness, n. -- Per*suad"a*bly, adv.
 Per*suade" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Persuaded; p. pr.
 & vb. n. Persuading.] [L. persuadere, persuasum; per + suadere to advise, persuade: cf. F. persuader. See Per-, and Suasion.] 1. To influence or gain over by argument, advice, entreaty, expostulation, etc.; to draw or incline to a determination by presenting sufficient motives.

 Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian.

Acts xxvi. 28.
 We will persuade him, be it possible.

Shak.
2. To try to influence. [Obsolescent] Hearken not unto Hezekiah, when he persuadeth you.

2 Kings xviii. 32.
3. To convince by argument, or by reasons offered or suggested from reflection, etc.; to cause to believe.

 Beloved, we are persuaded better things of you.

Heb. vi. 9.
4. To inculcate by argument or expostulation; to advise; to recommend. Jer. Taylor.
Syn. -- To convince; induce; prevail on; win over; allure; entice.
 See Convince.

 Per*suade" (?), v. i. To use persuasion; to plead; to prevail by persuasion. Shak.
 Per*suade", n. Persuasion. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
 Per*suad"ed, p. p. & a. Prevailed upon; influenced by argument or entreaty; convinced. -- Per*suad"ed*ly, adv. -- Per*suad"ed*ness, n. Per*suad"er (?), n. One who, or


Transcribed from the 1913 Methuen and Co. edition by David Price, email _EMAIL_ LORD ARTHUR SAVILE'S CRIME THE PORTRAIT OF Mr. W. H. AND OTHER STORIES BY OSCAR WILDE METHUEN & CO. LTD.
36 ESSEX STREET W.C.
LONDON Tenth Edition First Published— Lord Arthur Savile's Crime, The Canterville Ghost, The Sphinx without a Secret, and the Model Millionaire 1887 Issued in Collected Form 1891 The Portrait of Mr. W. H.

1889 First Issued by Methuen and Co.
(Limited Edition on Handmade Paper and Japanese Vellum) March 1908 Third Edition (F'cap. 8vo 5s.
net) September 1908 Fourth Edition (5s. net) October 1909 Fifth Edition (5s. net) March 1911 Sixth and Seventh Editions (F'cap. 8vo 1s. net) April 1912 Eighth Edition (1s. net) September 1912 Ninth Edition (1s.net) May 1913 Tenth Edition (5s. net) 1913 CONTENTS PAGE LORD ARTHUR SAVILE'S CRIME 3 THE CANTERVILLE GHOST 65 THE SPHINX WITHOUT A SECRET 121 THE MODEL MILLIONAIRE 133 THE PORTRAIT OF MR. W. H.
145 p. 3LORD ARTHUR SAVILE'S CRIME A STUDY OF DUTY CHAPTER I It was Lady Windermere's last reception before Easter, and Bentinck House was even more crowded than usual. Six Cabinet Ministers had come on from the Speaker's Levée in their stars and ribands, all the pretty women wore their smartest dresses, and at the end of the picture-gallery stood the Princess Sophia of Carlsrühe, a heavy Tartar-looking lady, with tiny black eyes and wonderful emeralds, talking bad French at the top of her voice, and laughing immoderately at everything that was said to her.
It was certainly a wonderful medley of people. Gorgeous peeresses chatted affably to violent Radicals, popular preachers brushed coat-tails with eminent sceptics, a perfect bevy of bishops kept following a stout prima-donna from room to room, on the staircase stood several Royal Academicians, disguised as artists, and it was said that at one time the supper-room was absolutely crammed with geniuses. In fact, it was one of Lady Windermere's best nights, and the Princess stayed till nearly half-past eleven.
As soon as she had gone, Lady Windermere returned to the picture-gallery, where a celebrated political economist was solemnly explaining the scientific theory of music to an indignant virtuoso from Hungary, and began to talk to the Duchess of Paisley. She looked wonderfully beautiful with her grand ivory throat, her large blue forget-me-not eyes, and her heavy coils of golden hair. Or pur they were—not that pale straw colour that nowadays usurps the gracious name of gold, but such gold as is woven into sunbeams or hidden in strange amber; and they gave to her face something of the frame of a saint, with not a little of the fascination of a sinner. She was a curious psychological study. Early in life she had discovered the important truth that nothing looks so like innocence as an indiscretion; and by a series of reckless escapades, half of them quite harmless, she had acquired all the privileges of a personality. She had more than once changed her husband; indeed, Debrett credits her with three marriages; but as she had never changed her lover, the world had long ago ceased to talk scandal about her. She was now forty years of age, childless, and with that inordinate passion for pleasure which is the secret of remaining young.
Suddenly she looked eagerly round the room, and said, in her clear contralto voice, 'Where is my cheiromantist?' 'Your what, Gladys?' exclaimed the Duchess, giving an involuntary start.
'My cheiromantist, Duchess; I can't live without him at present.' 'Dear Gladys! you are always so original,' murmured the Duchess, trying to remember what a cheiromantist really was, and hoping it was not the same as a cheiropodist.
'He comes to see my hand twice a week regularly,' continued Lady Windermere, 'and is most interesting about it.' 'Good heavens!' said the Duchess to herself, 'he is a sort of cheiropodist after all. How very dreadful. I hope he is a foreigner at any rate. It wouldn't be quite so bad then.' 'I must certainly introduce him to you.' 'Introduce him!' cried the Duchess; 'you don't mean to say he is here?' and she began looking about for a small tortoise-shell fan and a very tattered lace shawl, so as to be ready to go at a moment's notice.
'Of course he is here; I would not dream of giving a party without him. He tells me I have a pure psychic hand, and that if my thumb had been the least little bit shorter, I should have been a confirmed pessimist, and gone into a convent.' 'Oh, I see!' said the Duchess, feeling very much relieved; 'he tells fortunes, I suppose?' 'And misfortunes, too,' answered Lady Windermere, 'any amount of them. Next year, for instance, I am in great danger, both by land and sea, so I am going to live in a balloon, and draw up my dinner in a basket every evening.
It is all written down on my little finger, or on the palm of my hand, I forget which.' 'But surely that is tempting Providence, Gladys.' 'My dear Duchess, surely Providence can resist temptation by this time. I think every one should have their hands told once a month, so as to know what not to do. Of course, one does it all the same, but it is so pleasant to be warned. Now if some one doesn't go and fetch Mr. Podgers at once, I shall have to go myself.' 'Let me go, Lady Windermere,' said a tall handsome young man, who was standing by, listening to the conversation with an amused smile.
'Thanks so much, Lord Arthur; but I am afraid you wouldn't recognise him.' 'If he is as wonderful as you say, Lady Windermere, I couldn't well miss him. Tell me what he is like, and I'll bring him to you at once.' 'Well, he is not a bit like a cheiromantist. I mean he is not mysterious, or esoteric, or romantic-looking. He is a little, stout man, with a funny, bald head, and great gold-rimmed spectacles; something between a family doctor and a country attorney. I'm really very sorry, but it is not my fault. People are so annoying. All my pianists look exactly like poets, and all my poets look exactly like pianists; and I remember last season asking a most dreadful conspirator to dinner, a man who had blown up ever so many people, and always wore a coat of mail, and carried a dagger up his shirt-sleeve; and do you know that when he came he looked just like a nice old clergyman, and cracked jokes all the evening? Of course, he was very amusing, and all that, but I was awfully disappointed; and when I asked him about the coat of mail, he only laughed, and said it was far too cold to wear in England. Ah, here is Mr. Podgers!
Now, Mr. Podgers, I want you to tell the Duchess of Paisley's hand. Duchess, you must take your glove off. No, not the left hand, the other.' 'Dear Gladys, I really don't think it is quite right,' said the Duchess, feebly unbuttoning a rather soiled kid glove.
'Nothing interesting ever is,' said Lady Windermere: 'on a fait le monde ainsi. But


.

 In some of the States, and for some purposes, a woman attains lawful age at eighteen. Abbott.
Syn. -- Legal; constitutional; allowable; regular; rightful. -- Lawful, Legal. Lawful means conformable to the principle, spirit, or essence of the law, and is applicable to moral as well as juridical law. Legal means conformable to the letter or rules of the law as it is administered in the courts; conformable to juridical law. Legal is often used as antithetical to equitable, but lawful is seldom used in that sense.

 -- Law"ful*ly, adv. -- Law"ful*ness, n. Law"giv'er (?), n. One who makes or enacts a law or system of laws; a legislator.

 Law"giv'ing, a. Enacting laws; legislative.

 Law"ing, n. Going to law; litigation. Holinshed.
 Law"ing, n. [So called because done in compliance with an English forest law.] Expeditation. Blackstone.
 Law"less, a. 1. Contrary to, or unauthorized by, law; illegal; as, a lawless claim.

 He needs no indirect nor lawless course.

Shak.
2. Not subject to, or restrained by, the law of morality or of society; as, lawless men or behavior.

3. Not subject to the laws of nature; uncontrolled.

 Or, meteorlike, flame lawless through the void.

Pope.
 -- Law"less*ly, adv. -- Law"less*ness, n. Law"mak'er (?), n. A legislator; a lawgiver.

 Law"mak'ing (l"m'kng), a. Enacting laws; legislative. -- n. The enacting of laws; legislation.

 Law"mon'ger (?), n. A trader in law; one who practices law as if it were a trade. Milton.
 Lawn (ln), n. [OE. laund, launde, F. lande heath, moor; of Celtic origin; cf. W. llan an open, clear place, llawnt a smooth rising hill, lawn, Armor. lann or lan territory, country, lann a prickly plant, pl. lannou heath, moor.] 1.
 An open space between woods. Milton.
 "Orchard lawns and bowery hollows."

Tennyson.
2. Ground (generally in front of or around a house) covered with grass kept closely mown.

Lawn mower, a machine for clipping the short grass of lawns. -- Lawn tennis, a variety of the game of tennis, played in the open air, sometimes upon a lawn, instead of in a tennis court. See Tennis.

 Lawn, n. [Earlier laune lynen, i. e., lawn linen; prob. from the town Laon in France.] A very fine linen (or sometimes cotton) fabric with a rather open texture. Lawn is used for the sleeves of a bishop's official dress in the English Church, and, figuratively, stands for the office itself.

 A saint in crape is twice a saint in lawn.

Pope.
 Lawnd (lnd), n. [Obs.] See Laund.

 Lawn"y (ln"), a. Having a lawn; characterized by a lawn or by lawns; like a lawn.

 Musing through the lawny park.

T. Warton.
 Lawn"y, a. Made of lawn or fine linen. Bp. Hall.
 Law*so"ni*a (?), n. (Bot.) An Asiatic and North African shrub (Lawsonia inermis), with smooth oval leaves, and fragrant white flowers. Henna is prepared from the leaves and twigs. In England the shrub is called Egyptian privet, and in the West Indies, Jamaica mignonette.

 Law"suit' (?), n. An action at law; a suit in equity or admiralty; any legal proceeding before a court for the enforcement of a claim.

 Law"yer (?), n. [From Law, like bowyer, fr. bow.] 1.
 One versed in the laws, or a practitioner of law; one whose profession is to conduct lawsuits for clients, or to advise as to prosecution or defence of lawsuits, or as to legal rights and obligations in other matters. It is a general term, comprehending attorneys, counselors, solicitors, barristers, sergeants, and advocates.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) The black-necked stilt. See Stilt.
 (b) The bowfin (Amia calva). (c) The burbot (Lota maculosa).

 { Law"yer*like' (?), Law"yer*ly (?), } a. Like, or becoming, a lawyer; as, lawyerlike sagacity. "Lawyerly mooting of this point." Milton.
 Lax (lks), a. [Compar. Laxer (-r); superl. Laxest.]
 [L. laxus Cf. Laches, Languish, Lease, v. t., Leash.] 1.
 Not tense, firm, or rigid; loose; slack; as, a lax bandage; lax fiber.

 The flesh of that sort of fish being lax and spongy.

Ray.
2. Not strict or stringent; not exact; loose; weak; vague; equivocal.

 The discipline was lax.

Macaulay.
 Society at that epoch was lenient, if not lax, in matters of the passions.

J. A. Symonds.
 The word "æternus" itself is sometimes of a lax signification.

Jortin.
3. Having a looseness of the bowels; diarrheal.

Syn. -- Loose; slack; vague; unconfined; unrestrained; dissolute; licentious.

 Lax, n. A looseness; diarrhea.

 Lax*a"tion (?), n. [L. laxatio, fr. laxare to loosen, fr. laxus loose, slack.] The act of loosening or slackening, or the state of being loosened or slackened.

 Lax"a*tive (?), a. [L. laxativus mitigating, assuaging: cf.
 F. laxatif. See Lax, a.] 1. Having a tendency to loosen or relax. Milton.
2. (Med.) Having the effect of loosening or opening the intestines, and relieving from constipation; -- opposed to astringent.
 -- n. (Med.) A laxative medicine. See the Note under Cathartic.

 Lax"a*tive*ness, n. The quality of being laxative.

 ||Lax*a"tor (?), n. [NL., fr. L. laxare, laxatum, to loosen.] (Anat.) That which loosens; -- esp., a muscle which by its contraction loosens some part.

 Lax"i*ty (lks"*t), n. [L. laxitas, fr. laxus loose, slack: cf. F. laxité, See Lax, a.] The state or quality of being lax; want of tenseness, strictness, or exactness.

 Lax"ly, adv. In a lax manner.

 Lax"ness, n. The state of being lax; laxity.

 Lay (?), imp. of Lie, to recline.

 Lay, a. [F. lai, L. laicus, Gr. &?; of or from the people, lay, from &?;, &?;, people. Cf. Laic.] 1. Of or pertaining to the laity, as distinct from the clergy; as, a lay person; a lay preacher; a lay brother.

2. Not educated or cultivated; ignorant.[Obs.]

3. Not belonging to, or emanating from, a particular profession; unprofessional; as, a lay opinion regarding the nature of a disease.


canweed."] (Bot.) A plant or weed that grows in rivers; a species of Equisetum; also, the yellow frog lily (Nuphar luteum).

 Can"dor (?), n. [Written also candour.] [L. candor, fr. candëre; cf. F. candeur. See candid.]

1. Whiteness; brightness; (as applied to moral conditions) usullied purity; innocence. [Obs.]

 Nor yor unquestioned integrity Shall e'er be sullied with one taint or spot That may take from your innocence and candor.
Massinger.
2. A disposition to treat subjects with fairness; freedom from prejudice or disguise; frankness; sincerity.

 Attribute superior sagacity and candor to those who held that side of the question. Whewell.
 Can"droy (?), n. A machine for spreading out cotton cloths to prepare them for printing.

 Can"dy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Candied (?); p. pr & vb. n. Candying.] [F. candir (cf. It. candire, Sp.
 azúcar cande or candi), fr. Ar. & Pers. qand, fr. Skr. Khan.d.da piece, sugar in pieces or lumps, fr. khan.d., khad. to break.] 1. To conserve or boil in sugar; as, to candy fruits; to candy ginger.

2. To make sugar crystals of or in; to form into a mass resembling candy; as, to candy sirup.

3. To incrust with sugar or with candy, or with that which resembles sugar or candy.

 Those frosts that winter brings Which candy every green.
Drayson.
 Can"dy (?), v. i. 1. To have sugar crystals form in or on; as, fruits preserved in sugar candy after a time.

2. To be formed into candy; to solidify in a candylike form or mass.

 Can"dy n. [F. candi. See Candy, v. t.] A more or less solid article of confectionery made by boiling sugar or molasses to the desired consistency, and than crystallizing, molding, or working in the required shape. It is often flavored or colored, and sometimes contains fruit, nuts, etc.

 ||Candy, n. [Mahratta khan.d., Tamil kan.d.i.] A weight, at Madras 500 pounds, at Bombay 560 pounds.

 Can"dy*tuft' (?), n. (Bot.) An annual plant of the genus Iberis, cultivated in gardens. The name was originally given to the I. umbellata, first, discovered in the island of Candia.

 Cane (kn), n. [OE. cane, canne, OF. cane, F. canne, L. canna, fr. Gr. ka'nna, ka'nnh; prob. of Semitic origin; cf. Heb. qneh reed. Cf. Canister, canon, 1st Cannon.]

1. (Bot.) (a) A name given to several peculiar palms, species of Calamus and Dæmanorops, having very long, smooth flexible stems, commonly called rattans. (b) Any plant with long, hard, elastic stems, as reeds and bamboos of many kinds; also, the sugar cane. (c) Stems of other plants are sometimes called canes; as, the canes of a raspberry.

 Like light canes, that first rise big and brave. B. Jonson.
 In the Southern United States great cane is the Arundinaria macrosperma, and small cane is. A. tecta.

2. A walking stick; a staff; -- so called because originally made of one of the species of cane.

 Stir the fire with your master's cane. Swift.
3. A lance or dart made of cane. [R.]

 Judgelike thou sitt'st, to praise or to arraign The flying skirmish of the darted cane. Dryden.
4. A local European measure of length. See Canna.

Cane borer (Zoö.), A beetle (Oberea bimaculata) which, in the larval state, bores into pith and destroy the canes or stalks of the raspberry, blackberry, etc. -- Cane mill, a mill for grinding sugar canes, for the manufacture of sugar. -- Cane trash, the crushed stalks and other refuse of sugar cane, used for fuel, etc.

 Cane (kn), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caned (knd); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Caning.] 1. To beat with a cane. Macaulay.
2. To make or furnish with cane or rattan; as, to cane chairs.

 Cane"brake' (-brk'), n. A thicket of canes. Ellicott.
 Caned (knd), a. [Cf. L. canus white.] Filled with white flakes; mothery; -- said vinegar when containing mother. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
 ||Ca*nel"la (k*nl"l), n. [LL. (OE. canel, canelle, cinnamon, fr. F. cannelle), Dim. of L. canna a reed. Canella is so called from the shape of the rolls of prepared bark. See Cane.] (Bot.)
 A genus of trees of the order Canellaceæ, growing in the West Indies.

 The principal species is Canella alba, and its bark is a spice and drug exported under the names of wild cinnamon and whitewood bark.

 Ca*nes"cent (?), a. [L. canescens, p. pr. of canescere, v. inchoative of canere to be white.] Growing white, or assuming a color approaching to white.

 Can" hook' (?). A device consisting of a short rope with flat hooks at each end, for hoisting casks or barrels by the ends of the staves.

 ||Ca*nic"u*la (?), n. [L. canicula, lit., a little dog, a dim. of canis dog; cf. F. canicule.] (Astron.) The Dog Star; Sirius.

 Ca*nic"u*lar (?), a. [L. canicularis; cf. F. caniculaire.]
 Pertaining to, or measured, by the rising of the Dog Star.

Canicular days, the dog days, See Dog days. -- Canicular year, the Egyptian year, computed from one heliacal rising of the Dog Star to another.

 Can"i*cule (?), n. Canicula. Addison.
 Ca*ni"nal (?), a. See Canine, a. Ca*nine" (?), a. [L. caninus, fr. canis dog: cf. F. canin. See Hound.] 1. Of or pertaining to the family Canidæ, or dogs and wolves; having the nature or qualities of a dog; like that or those of a dog.

2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pointed tooth on each side the incisors.

Canine appetite, a morbidly voracious appetite; bulimia. -- Canine letter, the letter r. See R. -- Canine madness, hydrophobia. -- Canine tooth, a tooth situated between the incisor and bicuspid teeth, so called because well developed in dogs; usually, the third tooth from the front on each side of each jaw; an eyetooth, or the corresponding tooth in the lower jaw.

 Ca*nine", n. (Anat.) A canine tooth.

 ||Ca"nis (k"ns), n.; pl. Canes (- nz). [L., a dog.]
 (Zoöl.) A genus of carnivorous mammals, of the family Canidæ, including the dogs and wolves.


the white-hot metal with long-handled iron pinchers (purchased in Candon) and his helper wields the 30-pound hammer. He stands with legs well apart, grasps the heavy hammer with both hands, and swings it back and forth between his legs. The blow is struck at the downward, backward swing.
These smiths weld iron, and also temper it to make steel. The following detailed picture of a welding observed in a Baliwang smithy may be duplicated there any day. The two pieces of iron to be welded were separately heated a dull red. One was then laid on the other and both were cooled with water. Wet earth, gathered for the occasion at the side of the smithy, was then put over them; while still covered they were inserted again in the fire. When red-hot they were withdrawn, the little mound of earth covering the two pieces of iron being still in place but having been brought also to a red heat. A few light blows fell on the red mass, and it was again returned to the fire. Four times the iron was withdrawn and received a few blows with a light hammer wielded by the master smith. On being withdrawn the fifth time half a dozen blows were struck by the helper with the 30-pound hammer. Again the iron was heated, but when removed the sixth time the welding was evidently considered finished, as the shaping of the weapon was then begun. Weldings made by these smiths seem to be complete.
The tempering done by the Igorot is crude, and is such as may be seen in any country blacksmith shop in the States. The iron is heated and is tempered by cooling in a small wooden trough of water. There is great difference in the quality of the steel turned out by the Igorot, even by the same man, though some men are recognized as more skillful than others.
There are four styles of spear blades made by Baliwang. The one most common is called "fal-fĕg′." It is a simple, single-barbed blade, and ranges from 2 inches to 6 inches in length. This style of blade is the most used in warfare, and the smaller, lighter blades are considered better for this purpose than the heavier ones.
The fang′-kao, or barbless lance blade, is next common in use. It is not a war blade, but is used almost entirely in killing carabaos and hogs. There is one notable exception to this statement—Ambawan has almost Page 128no other class of spear. These blades range from 4 to 12 or 14 inches in length.
The other two blades, si-na-la-wi′-tan and kay-yan′, are relatively rare. The former is quite similar to the fal-fĕg′, except that instead of the single pair of barbs there are other barbs—say, from one to ten pairs. This spear is not considered at all serviceable as a hunting spear, and is not used in war as much as is the fal-fĕg′. It is prized highly as an anito scarer.
When a man passes alone in the mountains anito are very prone to walk with him; however, if the traveler carries a si-na-la-wi′-tan, anito will not molest him, since they are afraid when they see the formidable array of barbs.
Kay-yan′ is a gracefully formed blade not used in hunting, and employed less in war than is si-na-la-wi′-tan. Though the Igorot has almost nothing in his culture for purely aesthetic purposes, yet he ascribes no purpose for the kay-yan′—he says it looks pretty; but I have seen it carried to war by war parties.
The pueblo of Sapao makes superior-looking steel weapons, though many Igorot claim the steel of the Baliwang spear is better than that from Sapao. In Quiangan I saw a fang′-kao, or lance-shaped blade made in Sapao, having six faces on each side. The five lines separating the faces ran from the tang to the point of the blade, and were as regular and perfect as though machine made. The best class of Sapao blades is readily distinguishable by its regular lines and the smooth and perfect surface finish.
All spearheads are fastened to the wooden shaft by a short haft or tang inserted in the wood. An iron ferrule or a braided bejuco ferrule is employed to strengthen the shaft where the tang is inserted. A conical iron ferrule or cap is also placed on the butt of the shaft. This ferrule is often used, as the spear is always stuck in the earth close at hand when the warrior works any distance from home; and as he passes along the steep mountain trails or carries heavy burdens he commonly uses the spear shaft as a staff.
The spear shafts are made by the owner of the weapon, it not being customary for anyone to produce them for sale. Some of them are rather attractively decorated with brass and copper studs, and a few have red and yellow bejuco ferrules near the blade. In some pueblos of the Bontoc area, as at Mayinit, spear shafts are worked down and eventually smoothed and finished by a flexible, bamboo knife-blade machine. It consists of about a dozen blades 8 or 10 inches in length, fastened together side by side with string. The blades lie one overlapping the other like the slats of an American window shutter. Each projecting blade is sharpened to a chisel edge. The machine is grasped in the hand, as shown in fig. 6, and is slid up and down the shaft with a slight twisting movement obtained by bending the wrist. The machine becomes a flexible, many-bladed plane.
Page 129 Baliwang alone makes the genuine Bontoc battle-ax. It is a strong, serviceable blade of good temper, and is hafted to a short, strong, straight wooden handle which is strengthened by a ferrule of iron or braided bejuco. The ax has a slender point opposed to the bit or cutting edge of the blade. This point is often thrust in the earth and the upturned blade used as a stationary knife, on which the Igorot cuts meats and other substances by drawing them lengthwise along the sharp edge. The bit of the ax is at a small angle with the front and back edges of the blade, and is nearly a straight line. The axes are kept keen and sharp by whetstones collected and preserved solely for the purpose. Besao, near Sagada, quarries and barters a good grade of whetstone.
Figure 6.
Bamboo spear-shaft dresser.
Bamboo spear-shaft dresser.
A slender, long-handled battle-ax now and then comes into the area in trade from the north. Balbelasan, of old Abra Province, but now in the northern part of extended Bontoc Province, is one of the pueblos which produce this beautiful ax. The blade is longer and very much slimmer than the Bontoc blade, but its marked distinguishing feature is the shape of the cutting edge.
The blade is ground on two straight lines joined together by a short curved line, giving the edge the striking form of the beak of a rapacious bird. The slender, graceful handle, always fitted with a long iron ferrule, has a process on the under side near the middle. The handle is also usually fitted with a decorated Page 130metal ferrule at the tip and frequently is decorated for its full length with bands of brass or tin, or with sheets of either metal artistically incised.
The Balbelasan ax is not used by the pueblos making it, or at least by many of them, but finds its field of usefulness east and northeast of Bontoc pueblo as far as the foothills of the mountains west of the Rio Grande de Cagayan. I was told by the Kalinga of this latter region that the people in the mountain close to the Cagayan in the vicinity of Cabagan Nuevo, Isabela Province, also use this ax.
In the southern and western part of the Bontoc area the battle-ax shares place with the bolo, the sole hand weapon of the Igorot of adjoining Lepanto, Benguet, and Nueva Vizcaya Provinces.
The bolo within the Bontoc area comes from Sapao and from the Ilokano people of the west coast. The southern pueblo in the Bontoc area, Ambawan, uses the bolo of Sapao to the entire exclusion of the battle-ax. Tulubin, the next pueblo to Ambawan, and only an hour from it, uses almost solely the Baliwang battle-ax. Such pueblos as Titipan and Antedao, about three hours west of Bontoc, use both the ax and bolo, while the pueblos further west, as Agawa, Sagada, Balili, Alap, etc., use the bolo exclusively—frequently an Ilokano weapon.
The Sap


C. C. (s) 1. C is the third letter of the English alphabet. It is from the Latin letter C, which in old Latin represented the sounds of k, and g (in go); its original value being the latter. In Anglo-Saxon words, or Old English before the Norman Conquest, it always has the sound of k. The Latin C was the same letter as the Greek, γ, and came from the Greek alphabet. The Greeks got it from the Phœnicians.
 The English name of C is from the Latin name ce, and was derived, probably, through the French. Etymologically C is related to g, h, k, q, s (and other sibilant sounds). Examples of these relations are in L. acutus, E. acute, ague; E. acrid, eager, vinegar; L. cornu, E. horn; E. cat, kitten; E. coy, quiet; L. circare, OF. cerchier, E. search.

 See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 221-228.

2. (Mus.) (a) The keynote of the normal or "natural" scale, which has neither flats nor sharps in its signature; also, the third note of the relative minor scale of the same. (b) C after the clef is the mark of common time, in which each measure is a semibreve (four fourths or crotchets); for alla breve time it is written &?;. (c) The "C clef," a modification of the letter C, placed on any line of the staff, shows that line to be middle C.

3. As a numeral, C stands for Latin centum or 100, CC for 200, etc.

C spring, a spring in the form of the letter C.

 ||Ca*a"ba (k*"b), n. [Ar. ka'bah, lit., a square building, fr. ka'b cube.] The small and nearly cubical stone building, toward which all Mohammedans must pray. [Written also kaaba.]

 The Caaba is situated in Mecca, a city of Arabia, and contains a famous black stone said to have been brought from heaven. Before the time of Mohammed, the Caaba was an idolatrous temple, but it has since been the chief sanctuary and object of pilgrimage of the Mohammedan world.

 Caas (käs), n. sing. & pl. Case. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Cab (kb), n. [Abbrev. fr. cabriolet.] 1. A kind of close carriage with two or four wheels, usually a public vehicle. "A cab came clattering up." Thackeray.
 A cab may have two seats at right angles to the driver's seat, and a door behind; or one seat parallel to the driver's, with the entrance from the side or front.

Hansom cab. See Hansom.

2. The covered part of a locomotive, in which the engineer has his station. Knight.
 Cab (kb), n. [Heb. qab, fr. qbab to hollow.] A Hebrew dry measure, containing a little over two (2.37) pints. W. H. Ward.
2 Kings vi. 25.
 Ca*bal" (k*bl"), n. [F. cabale cabal, cabala, LL. cabala cabala, fr. Heb. qabblh reception, tradition, mysterious doctrine, fr. qbal to take or receive, in Piël qibbel to adopt (a doctrine).] 1. Tradition; occult doctrine. See Cabala [Obs.] Hakewill.
2. A secret. [Obs.] "The measuring of the temple, a cabal found out but lately." B. Jonson.
3. A number of persons united in some close design, usually to promote their private views and interests in church or state by intrigue; a secret association composed of a few designing persons; a junto.

 It so happend, by a whimsical coincidence, that in 1671 the cabinet consisted of five persons, the initial letters of whose names made up the word cabal; Clifford, Arlington, Buckingham, Ashley, and Lauderdale. Macaulay.
4. The secret artifices or machinations of a few persons united in a close design; intrigue.

 By cursed cabals of women. Dryden.
Syn. -- Junto; intrigue; plot; combination; conspiracy. -- Cabal, Combination, Faction. An association for some purpose considered to be bad is the idea common to these terms. A combination is an organized union of individuals for mutual support, in urging their demands or resisting the claims of others, and may be good or bad according to circumstances; as, a combiniation of workmen or of employers to effect or to prevent a change in prices. A cabal is a secret association of a few individuals who seek by cunning practices to obtain office and power. A faction is a larger body than a cabal, employed for selfish purposes in agitating the community and working up an excitement with a view to change the existing order of things.
 "Selfishness, insubordination, and laxity of morals give rise to combinations, which belong particularly to the lower orders of society. Restless, jealous, ambitious, and little minds are ever forming cabals. Factions belong especially to free governments, and are raised by busy and turbulent spirits for selfish purposes". Crabb.
 Ca*bal", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Caballed (-bld"); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Caballing]. [Cf. F. cabaler.] To unite in a small party to promote private views and interests by intrigue; to intrigue; to plot.

Caballing still against it with the great. Dryden.
 Cab"a*la (kb"*l), n. [LL. See Cabal, n.] 1. A kind of occult theosophy or traditional interpretation of the Scriptures among Jewish rabbis and certain mediæval Christians, which treats of the nature of god and the mystery of human existence. It assumes that every letter, word, number, and accent of Scripture contains a hidden sense; and it teaches the methods of interpretation for ascertaining these occult meanings. The cabalists pretend even to foretell events by this means.

2. Secret science in general; mystic art; mystery.

 Cab"a*lism (kb"*lz'm), n. [Cf. F. cabalisme.]

1. The secret science of the cabalists.

2. A superstitious devotion to the mysteries of the religion which one professes. [R] Emerson.
 Cab"a*list (-lst), n. [Cf. F. cabaliste.] One versed in the cabala, or the mysteries of Jewish traditions. "Studious cabalists." Swift.
 { Cab'a*lis"tic (kb'*ls"tk), Cab'a*lis"tic*al (-t*kal) } a. Of or pertaining to the cabala; containing or conveying an occult meaning; mystic.

 The Heptarchus is a cabalistic exposition of the first chapter of Genesis . Hallam.
 Cab'a*lis"tic*al*ly, adv. In a cabalistic manner.

 Cab"a*lize (?), v. i. [Cf. F. cabaliser.] To use cabalistic language. [R] Dr. H. More.
 Ca*bal"ler (k*bl"lr), n. One who cabals.

 A close caballer and tongue-valiant lord. Dryden.
 Cab"al*line (kb"al*ln), a. [L. caballinus, fr. caballus a nag. Cf. Cavalier.] Of or pertaining to a horse. -- n. Caballine aloes.

Caballine aloes, an inferior and impure kind of aloes formerly used in veterinary practice; -- called also horse aloes. -- Caballine spring, the fountain of Hipp


THE MAN WHO KNEW TOO MUCH By Gilbert K. Chesterton CONTENTS THE MAN WHO KNEW TOO MUCH I. THE FACE IN THE TARGET II. THE VANISHING PRINCE III. THE SOUL OF THE SCHOOLBOY IV. THE BOTTOMLESS WELL V. THE FAD OF THE FISHERMAN VI. THE HOLE IN THE WALL VII. THE TEMPLE OF SILENCE VIII. THE VENGEANCE OF THE STATUE THE MAN WHO KNEW TOO MUCH I. THE FACE IN THE TARGET Harold March, the rising reviewer and social critic, was walking vigorously across a great tableland of moors and commons, the horizon of which was fringed with the far-off woods of the famous estate of Torwood Park. He was a good-looking young man in tweeds, with very pale curly hair and pale clear eyes. Walking in wind and sun in the very landscape of liberty, he was still young enough to remember his politics and not merely try to forget them. For his errand at Torwood Park was a political one; it was the place of appointment named by no less a person than the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir Howard Horne, then introducing his so-called Socialist budget, and prepared to expound it in an interview with so promising a penman. Harold March was the sort of man who knows everything about politics, and nothing about politicians. He also knew a great deal about art, letters, philosophy, and general culture; about almost everything, indeed, except the world he was living in.

 Abruptly, in the middle of those sunny and windy flats, he came upon a sort of cleft almost narrow enough to be called a crack in the land. It was just large enough to be the water-course for a small stream which vanished at intervals under green tunnels of undergrowth, as if in a dwarfish forest. Indeed, he had an odd feeling as if he were a giant looking over the valley of the pygmies. When he dropped into the hollow, however, the impression was lost; the rocky banks, though hardly above the height of a cottage, hung over and had the profile of a precipice. As he began to wander down the course of the stream, in idle but romantic curiosity, and saw the water shining in short strips between the great gray boulders and bushes as soft as great green mosses, he fell into quite an opposite vein of fantasy. It was rather as if the earth had opened and swallowed him into a sort of underworld of dreams. And when he became conscious of a human figure dark against the silver stream, sitting on a large boulder and looking rather like a large bird, it was perhaps with some of the premonitions proper to a man who meets the strangest friendship of his life.

 The man was apparently fishing; or at least was fixed in a fisherman's attitude with more than a fisherman's immobility. March was able to examine the man almost as if he had been a statue for some minutes before the statue spoke. He was a tall, fair man, cadaverous, and a little lackadaisical, with heavy eyelids and a highbridged nose. When his face was shaded with his wide white hat, his light mustache and lithe figure gave him a look of youth. But the Panama lay on the moss beside him; and the spectator could see that his brow was prematurely bald; and this, combined with a certain hollowness about the eyes, had an air of headwork and even headache. But the most curious thing about him, realized after a short scrutiny, was that, though he looked like a fisherman, he was not fishing.

 He was holding, instead of a rod, something that might have been a landing-net which some fishermen use, but which was much more like the ordinary toy net which children carry, and which they generally use indifferently for shrimps or butterflies. He was dipping this into the water at intervals, gravely regarding its harvest of weed or mud, and emptying it out again.

 "No, I haven't caught anything," he remarked, calmly, as if answering an unspoken query. "When I do I have to throw it back again; especially the big fish. But some of the little beasts interest me when I get 'em." "A scientific interest, I suppose?" observed March.

 "Of a rather amateurish sort, I fear," answered the strange fisherman. "I have a sort of hobby about what they call 'phenomena of phosphorescence.' But it would be rather awkward to go about in society carrying stinking fish." "I suppose it would," said March, with a smile.

 "Rather odd to enter a drawing-room carrying a large luminous cod," continued the stranger, in his listless way. "How quaint it would be if one could carry it about like a lantern, or have little sprats for candles. Some of the seabeasts would really be very pretty like lampshades; the blue sea-snail that glitters all over like starlight; and some of the red starfish really shine like red stars. But, naturally, I'm not looking for them here." March thought of asking him what he was looking for; but, feeling unequal to a technical discussion at least as deep as the deep-sea fishes, he returned to more ordinary topics.

 "Delightful sort of hole this is," he said. "This little dell and river here. It's like those places Stevenson talks about, where something ought to happen." "I know," answered the other. "I think it's because the place itself, so to speak, seems to happen and not merely to exist. Perhaps that's what old Picasso and some of the Cubists are trying to express by angles and jagged lines. Look at that wall like low cliffs that juts forward just at right angles to the slope of turf sweeping up to it. That's like a silent collision. It's like a breaker and the back-wash of a wave." March looked at the low-browed crag overhanging the green slope and nodded. He was interested in a man who turned so easily from the technicalities of science to those of art; and asked him if he admired the new angular artists.

 "As I feel it, the Cubists are not Cubist enough," replied the stranger. "I mean they're not thick enough. By making things mathematical they make them thin. Take the living lines out of that landscape, simplify it to a right angle, and you flatten it out to a mere diagram on paper. Diagrams have their own beauty; but it is of just the other sort. They stand for the unalterable things; the calm, eternal, mathematical sort of truths; what somebody calls the 'white radiance of'—" He stopped, and before the next word came something had happened almost too quickly and completely to be realized. From behind the overhanging rock came a noise and rush like that of a railway train; and a great motor car appeared. It topped the crest of cliff, black against the sun, like a battle-chariot rushing to destruction in some wild epic. March automatically put out his hand in one futile gesture, as if to catch a falling tea-cup in a drawing-room.

 For the fraction of a flash it seemed to leave the ledge of rock like a flying ship; then the very sky seemed to turn over like a wheel, and it lay a ruin amid the tall grasses below, a line of gray smoke going up slowly from it into the silent air. A little lower the figure of a man with gray hair lay tumbled down the steep green slope, his limbs lying all at random, and his face turned


ibilities of our nature; as, an act of cruelty may excite disgust.

 The manner of doing is more consequence than the thing done, and upon that depends the satisfaction or disgust wherewith it is received.

Locke.
 In a vulgar hack writer such oddities would have excited only disgust.

Macaulay.
Syn. -- Nausea; loathing; aversion; distaste; dislike; disinclination; abomination. See Dislike.

 Dis*gust"ful (?), a. Provoking disgust; offensive to the taste; exciting aversion; disgusting.

 That horrible and disgustful situation.

Burke.
 Dis*gust"ful*ness, n. The state of being disgustful.

 Dis*gust"ing, a. That causes disgust; sickening; offensive; revolting. -- Dis*gust"ing*ly, adv.
 Dish (dsh), n. [AS. disc, L. discus dish, disc, quoit, fr. Gr. di'skos quoit, fr. dikei^n to throw. Cf. Dais, Desk, Disc, Discus.] 1. A vessel, as a platter, a plate, a bowl, used for serving up food at the table.

 She brought forth butter in a lordly dish.

Judg. v. 25.
2. The food served in a dish; hence, any particular kind of food; as, a cold dish; a warm dish; a delicious dish. "A dish fit for the gods." Shak. [1913 Webster] Home-home dishes that drive one from home.

Hood.
3. The state of being concave, or like a dish, or the degree of such concavity; as, the dish of a wheel.

4. A hollow place, as in a field. Ogilvie.
5. (Mining) (a) A trough about 28 inches long, 4 deep, and 6 wide, in which ore is measured. (b) That portion of the produce of a mine which is paid to the land owner or proprietor.

 Dish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dishing.] 1. To put in a dish, ready for the table.

2. To make concave, or depress in the middle, like a dish; as, to dish a wheel by inclining the spokes.

3. To frustrate; to beat; to ruin. [Low] To dish out. 1. To serve out of a dish; to distribute in portions at table. 2. (Arch.) To hollow out, as a gutter in stone or wood. -- To dish up, to take (food) from the oven, pots, etc., and put in dishes to be served at table.

 Dis'ha*bil"i*tate (?), v. t. [Cf. Disability.] To disqualify. [R.]

 Dis'ha*bille" (?), n. [See Deshabille.] An undress; a loose, negligent dress; deshabille.

 They breakfast in dishabille.

Smollett.
 Dis*hab"it (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + habit to inhabit.] To dislodge. [Obs.]

 Those sleeping stones... from their fixed beds of lime Had been dishabited.

Shak.
 Dis*hab"it*ed, p. a. Rendered uninhabited. "Dishabited towns." R. Carew.
 Dis'ha*bit"u*ate (?; 135), v. t. To render unaccustomed.

 Dis*ha"ble (?), v. t. 1. To disable. [Obs.]

2. To disparage. [Obs.]

 She oft him blamed... and him dishabled quite.

Spenser.
 Dis*hal"low (?), v. t. To make unholy; to profane. Tennyson.
 Nor can the unholiness of the priest dishallow the altar.

T. Adams.
 Dis'har*mo"ni*ous (?), a. Unharmonious; discordant. [Obs.] Hallywell.
 Dis*har"mo*ny (?), n. Want of harmony; discord; incongruity. [R.]

 A disharmony in the different impulses that constitute it [our nature].

Coleridge.
 Dis*haunt" (?), v. t. To leave; to quit; to cease to haunt. Halliwell.
 Dish"cloth' (?; 115), n. A cloth used for washing dishes.

 Dish"clout' (?), n. A dishcloth. [Obsolescent] Dis*heart" (?), v. t. To dishearten. [Obs.]

 Dis*heart"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disheartened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disheartening.] [Pref. dis- + hearten.]
 To discourage; to deprive of courage and hope; to depress the spirits of; to deject.

 Regiments... utterly disorganized and disheartened.

Macaulay.
Syn. -- To dispirit; discourage; depress; deject; deter; terrify.

 Dis*heart"en*ment (?), n. Discouragement; dejection; depression of spirits.

 Dis*heir" (?), v. t. [Cf. Disherit.] To disinherit. [Obs.] Dryden.
 Dis*helm" (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + helm helmet.] To deprive of the helmet. [Poetic] Lying stark, Dishelmed and mute, and motionlessly pale.

Tennyson.
 Dis*her"i*son (?), n. [See Disherit.] The act of disheriting, or debarring from inheritance; disinhersion. Bp. Hall.
 Dis*her"it (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disherited; p. pr. & vb. n. Disheriting.] [F. déshériter; pref. dés- (L. dis-) + hériter to inherit. See Inherit, and cf. Dusheir, Disinherit.] To disinherit; to cut off, or detain, from the possession or enjoyment of an inheritance. [Obs.]
 Spenser.
 Dis*her"it*ance (?), n. [Cf. OF. desheritance.] The act of disinheriting or state of being disinherited; disinheritance. [Obs.] Beau.
 & Fl.
 Dis*her"it*or (?), n. (Law) One who puts another out of his inheritance.

 Di*shev"el (d*shv"'l or - l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disheveled (?) or Dishevelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Disheveling or Dishevelling.] [OF. descheveler, F. décheveler, LL.
 discapillare; dis- + L. capillus the hair of the head. See Capillary.] 1. To suffer (the hair) to hang loosely or disorderly; to spread or throw (the hair) in disorder; -- used chiefly in the passive participle.

 With garments rent and hair disheveled, Wringing her hands and making piteous moan.

Spenser.
2. To spread loosely or disorderly.

 Like the fair flower disheveled in the wind.

Cowper.
 Di*shev"el, v. i. To be spread in disorder or hang negligently, as the hair. [R.] Sir T. Herbert.
 Di*shev"ele (?), p. p. & a. Disheveled. [Obs.]

Dishevele, save his cap, he rode all bare.

Chaucer.
 Di*shev"eled (?), a. 1. Hanging in loose disorder; disarranged; as, disheveled hair


.
 & vb. n. Snipping.] [D. snippen; akin to G. schnippen.]
 To cut off the nip or neb of, or to cut off at once with shears or scissors; to clip off suddenly; to nip; hence, to break off; to snatch away.

 Curbed and snipped in my younger years by fear of my parents from those vicious excrescences to which that age was subject.

Fuller.
 The captain seldom ordered anything out of the ship's stores... but I snipped some of it for my own share.

De Foe.
 Snip (?), n. 1. A single cut, as with shears or scissors; a clip. Shak.
2. A small shred; a bit cut off. Wiseman.
3. A share; a snack. [Obs.] L'Estrange 4. A tailor. [Slang] Nares. C. Kingsley.
5. Small hand shears for cutting sheet metal.

 Snipe (?), n. [OE. snipe; akin to D. snep, snip, LG. sneppe, snippe, G. schnepfe, Icel. snpa (in comp.), Dan. sneppe, Sw. snäppa a sanpiper, and possibly to E. snap. See Snap, Snaffle.] 1. (Zoöl.)
 Any one of numerous species of limicoline game birds of the family Scolopacidæ, having a long, slender, nearly straight beak.

 The common, or whole, snipe (Gallinago cœlestis) and the great, or double, snipe (G. major), are the most important European species. The Wilson's snipe (G. delicata) (sometimes erroneously called English snipe) and the gray snipe, or dowitcher (Macrohamphus griseus), are wellknown American species.

2. A fool; a blockhead. [R.] Shak.
Half snipe, the dunlin; the jacksnipe. - - Jack snipe. See Jacksnipe. -- Quail snipe. See under Quail. -- Robin snipe, the knot. -- Sea snipe. See in the Vocabulary. -- Shore snipe, any sandpiper. -- Snipe hawk, the marsh harrier. [Prov. Eng.] -- Stone snipe, the tattler. -- Summer snipe, the dunlin; the green and the common European sandpipers. -- Winter snipe. See Rock snipe, under Rock. -- Woodcock snipe, the great snipe.

 Snipe"bill' (?), n. 1. A plane for cutting deep grooves in moldings.

2. A bolt by which the body of a cart is fastened to the axle.
 [Local, U.S.]

 Snipe"fish' (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The bellows fish. (b) A long, slender deep-sea fish (Nemichthys scolopaceus) with a slender beak.

 Snip"pack (?), n. [Cf. Snipe.] (Zoöl.) The common snipe. [Prov. Eng.]

 Snip"per (?), n. One who snips.

 Snip"per-snap'er (?), n. A small, insignificant fellow. [Colloq.]

 Snip"pet (?), n. A small part or piece.

 To be cut into snippets and shreds.

F. Harrison.
 Snip"pet*y (?), a. Ridiculously small; petty. "Snippety facts." London Spectator.
 Snip"-snap' (?), n. [Reduplication of snap.] A tart dialogue with quick replies. [R.] Pope.
 Snip"-snap', a. Quick; short; sharp; smart. Shak.
 Snip"y (snp"), a. Like a snipe.

 Snite (snt), n. A snipe. [Obs. or Scot.] Carew.
 Snite, v. t. [Icel. snfa. See Snout.] To blow, as the nose; to snuff, as a candle. [Obs. or Scot.]

 { Snithe (?), Snith"y (?) }, a. [AS. snðan to cut. See Snathe.] Sharp; piercing; cutting; -- applied to the wind. [Prov. Eng.]

 Sniv"el (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sniveled (?) or Snivelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Sniveling or Snivelling.] [OE. snivelen, snevelen, snuvelen, freg. of sneven. See Sniff, and cf. Snuffle.] 1. To run at the nose; to make a snuffling noise.

2. To cry or whine with snuffling, as children; to cry weakly or whiningly.

 Put stop to thy sniveling ditty.

Sir W. Scott.
 Sniv"el, n. [AS. snofel. Cf. Snivel, v. i.] Mucus from the nose; snot.

 Sniv"el*er (?), n. [Written also sniveller.] One who snivels, esp. one who snivels habitually.

 Sniv"el*y (?), a. Running at the nose; sniveling pitiful; whining.

 Snob (?), n. [Icel. snpr a dolt, impostor, charlatan. Cf.
 Snub.] 1. A vulgar person who affects to be better, richer, or more fashionable, than he really is; a vulgar upstart; one who apes his superiors. Thackeray.
 Essentially vulgar, a snob. -- a gilded snob, but none the less a snob.

R. G. White.
2. (Eng. Univ.) A townsman. [Canf] 3. A journeyman shoemaker. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
4. A workman who accepts lower than the usual wages, or who refuses to strike when his fellows do; a rat; a knobstick.

 Those who work for lower wages during a strike are called snobs, the men who stand out being "nobs" De Quincey.
 Snob"ber*y (?), n. The quality of being snobbish; snobbishness.

 Snob"bish (?), a. Of or pertaining to a snob; characteristic of, or befitting, a snob; vulgarly pretentious. -- Snob"bish*ly, adv.
 Snob"bish*ness, n. Vulgar affectation or ostentation; mean admiration of mean things; conduct or manners of a snob.

 Snob"bism (?), n. Snobbery.

 Snob"by (snb"b), a. Snobbish. [R.] E. B. Ramsay.
 Snob"ling, n. A little snob. [Jocose] Thackeray.
 Snob*oc"ra*cy (snb*k"r*s), n. [Snob + -cracy, as in aristocracy, mobocracy.] Snobs, collectively. [Hybrid & Recent] C. Kingsley.
 Snod (snd), n. [See Snood.] A fillet; a headband; a snood. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

 Snod, a. [Scot. snod to prune, put in order.] Trimmed; smooth; neat; trim; sly; cunning; demure. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

 Snoff (snf; 115), n. [Cf. Snuff.] (Mining) A short candle end used for igniting a fuse. Raymond.
 Snood (?), n. [AS. snd. Cf. Snare.] 1. The fillet which binds the hair of a young unmarried woman, and is emblematic of her maiden character. [Scot.]

 And seldom was a snood amid Such wild, luxuriant ringlets hid.

Sir W. Scott.
2. A short line (often of horsehair) connecting a fishing line with the hook; a snell; a leader.

 Snood, v. t


his own, which seemed in some way to have solved that dreadful problem.

 "No! We will stay here TOGETHER." Six months later there was a paragraph in the San Francisco press: "The wonderful Arsenical Spring in the Santa Cruz Mountain, known as 'Liberty Spring,' discovered by Doctor Ruysdael, has proved such a remarkable success that we understand the temporary huts for patients are to be shortly replaced by a magnificent Spa Hotel worthy of the spot, and the eligible villa sites it has brought into the market. It will be a source of pleasure to all to know that the beautiful nymph—a worthy successor to the far-famed 'Elise' of the German 'Brunnen'—who has administered the waters to so many grateful patients will still be in attendance, although it is rumored that she is shortly to become the wife of the distinguished discoverer."