, having a series of well defined salts.

 Styp"tic (?), a. [L. stypticus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to contract.] Producing contraction; stopping bleeding; having the quality of restraining hemorrhage when applied to the bleeding part; astringent.
 [Written also stiptic.]

Styptic weed (Bot.), an American leguminous herb (Cassia occidentalis) closely related to the wild senna.

 Styp"tic, n. (Med.) A styptic medicine.

 Styp"tic*al (?), a. Styptic; astringent.

 Styp*tic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. stypticité.] The quality or state of being styptic; astringency.

 Styr"a*cin (?), n. [See Styrax.] (Chem.) A white crystalline tasteless substance extracted from gum storax, and consisting of a salt of cinnamic acid with cinnamic alcohol.

 Sty"rax (?), n. [L. styrax, storax, Gr. &?;. See Storax.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of shrubs and trees, mostly American or Asiatic, abounding in resinous and aromatic substances. Styrax officinalis yields storax, and S. Benzoin yields benzoin.

2. Same as Storax.

 Sty"rol (?), n. [Styrax + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)
 See Styrolene.

 Sty"ro*lene (?), n. (Chem.) An unsaturated hydrocarbon, C8H8, obtained by the distillation of storax, by the decomposition of cinnamic acid, and by the condensation of acetylene, as a fragrant, aromatic, mobile liquid; -- called also phenyl ethylene, vinyl benzene, styrol, styrene, and cinnamene.

 Sty"rone (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline substance having a sweet taste and a hyacinthlike odor, obtained by the decomposition of styracin; -- properly called cinnamic, or styryl, alcohol.

 Sty"ryl (?), n. [Styrax + - yl.] (Chem.) A hypothetical radical found in certain derivatives of styrolene and cinnamic acid; -- called also cinnyl, or cinnamyl.

 Stythe (?), n. (Mining) Choke damp.

 Styth"y (?), n. & v. See Stithy.

 ||Styx (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Class. Myth.) The principal river of the lower world, which had to be crossed in passing to the regions of the dead.

 Su'a*bil"i*ty (?), n. (Law) Liability to be sued; the state of being subjected by law to civil process.

 Su"a*ble (?), a. (Law) Capable of being sued; subject by law to be called to answer in court. Story.
 Suade (?), v. t. [L. suadere.] To persuade. [Obs.]

 Suad"i*ble (?), a. [L. suadibilis.] Suasible. [Obs.] Wyclif (James iii. 17).
 Suage (?), v. t. To assuage. [Obs.] Dryden.
 Su"ant (?), a. [Cf. Sue to pursue.] Spread equally over the surface; uniform; even. [Written also suent.] [Local, U.S. & Prov. Eng.] -- Su"ant*ly, adv. [Local, U.S. & Prov. Eng.]

 Sua"si*ble (?), a. [L. suadere, suasum, to persuade.]
 Capable of being persuaded; easily persuaded.

 Sua"sion (?), n. [L. suasio, fr. suadere, suasum, to advise, persuade, fr. suadus persuading, persuasive; akin to suavis sweet: cf. OF. suasion. See Suave, and cf. Dissuade, Persuade.] The act of persuading; persuasion; as, moral suasion.

 Sua"sive (?), a. Having power to persuade; persuasive; suasory. South.
 "Genial and suasive satire." Earle. -- Sua"sive*ly, adv.
 Sua"so*ry (?), a. [L. suasorius: cf. F. suasoire.]
 Tending to persuade; suasive.

 Suave (?), a. [L. suavis sweet, pleasant: cf. F. suave.
 See Sweet, and cf. Suasion.] Sweet; pleasant; delightful; gracious or agreeable in manner; bland. -- Suave"ly, adv.
 Suav"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suavified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Suavifying (?).] [Suave + -fy.] To make affable or suave.

 Sua*vil"o*quent (?), a. [L. suaviloquens; suavis sweet + loquens, p. pr. of loqui to speak.] Sweetly speaking; using agreeable speech. [R.]

 Sua*vil"o*quy (?), n. [L. suaviloquium.] Sweetness of speech. [R.]

 Suav"i*ty (?), n. [L. suavitas: cf. F. suavité.]
 1. Sweetness to the taste. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
2. The quality of being sweet or pleasing to the mind; agreeableness; softness; pleasantness; gentleness; urbanity; as, suavity of manners; suavity of language, conversation, or address. Glanvill.
 Sub- (?). [L. sub under, below; akin to Gr. &?;, Skr. upa to, on, under, over. Cf. Hypo-, Super-.] 1. A prefix signifying under, below, beneath, and hence often, in an inferior position or degree, in an imperfect or partial state, as in subscribe, substruct, subserve, subject, subordinate, subacid, subastringent, subgranular, suborn. Subin Latin compounds often becomes sumbefore m, sur before r, and regularly becomes suc-, suf-, sug-, and supbefore c, f, g, and p respectively. Before c, p, and t it sometimes takes form sus- (by the dropping of b from a collateral form, subs-).

2. (Chem.) A prefix denoting that the ingredient (of a compound) signified by the term to which it is prefixed,is present in only a small proportion, or less than the normal amount; as, subsulphide, suboxide, etc. Prefixed to the name of a salt it is equivalent to basic; as, subacetate or basic acetate. [Obsoles.]

 Sub, n. A subordinate; a subaltern. [Colloq.]

 Sub*ac"id (?), a. [L. subacidus. See Sub-, Acid.] Moderately acid or sour; as, some plants have subacid juices. -- n. A substance moderately acid.

 Sub*ac"rid (?), a. Moderalely acrid or harsh.

 Sub'a*cro"mi*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated beneath the acromial process of the scapula.

 Sub*act" (?), v. t. [L. subactus, p. p. of subigere to subdue; sub under + agere to lead, bring.] To reduce; to subdue. [Obs.] Bacon.
 Sub*ac"tion (?), n. [Cf. L. subactio a working up, discipline.] The act of reducing to any state, as of mixing two bodies combletely. [Obs.] Bacon.
 Sub'a*cute" (?), a. Moderalely acute.

 Sub'a*dun"cate (?), a. (Zoöl.) Somewhat hooked or curved.

 Sub*ad"vo*cate (?), n. An under or subordinate advocate.

 Sub'a*ë"ri*al (?), a. Bene


furnish one with arms for defense; to furnish a Cable; to furnish the mind with ideas; to furnish one with knowledge or principles; to furnish an expedition or enterprise, a room or a house.

 That the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished unto all good works.

2 Tim. iii. 17, 2. To offer for use; to provide (something); to give (something); to afford; as, to furnish food to the hungry: to furnish arms for defense.

 Ye are they... that furnish the drink offering unto that number.

Is. lxv. 11.
 His writings and his life furnish abundant proofs that he was not a man of strong sense.

Macaulay.
 Fur"nish, n. That which is furnished as a specimen; a sample; a supply. [Obs.] Greene.
 Fur"nish*er (?), n. One who supplies or fits out.

 Fur"nish*ment (?), n. The act of furnishing, or of supplying furniture; also, furniture. [Obs.] Daniel.
 Fur"ni*ture (?), n. [F. fourniture. See Furnish, v. t.]
 1. That with which anything is furnished or supplied; supplies; outfit; equipment.

 The form and all the furniture of the earth.

Tillotson.
 The thoughts which make the furniture of their minds.

M. Arnold.
2. Articles used for convenience or decoration in a house or apartment, as tables, chairs, bedsteads, sofas, carpets, curtains, pictures, vases, etc.

3. The necessary appendages to anything, as to a machine, a carriage, a ship, etc. (a) (Naut.) The masts and rigging of a ship. (b) (Mil.) The mountings of a gun. (c) Builders' hardware such as locks, door and window trimmings. (d) (Print) Pieces of wood or metal of a lesser height than the type, placed around the pages or other matter in a form, and, with the quoins, serving to secure the form in its place in the chase.

4. (Mus.) A mixed or compound stop in an organ; -- sometimes called mixture.

 Fu"ro*in (?), n. [See Furfurol.] (Chem.) A colorless, crystalline substance, C10H8O4, from furfurol.

 Fu*ro"re (?), n. [It.] Excitement; commotion; enthusiasm.

 Fur"ri*er (?), n. [Cf. F. fourreur.] A dealer in furs; one who makes or sells fur goods.

 Fur"ri*er*y (?), n. 1. Furs, in general. Tooke.
2. The business of a furrier; trade in furs.

 Fur"ring (?), n. 1. (Carp.) (a) The leveling of a surface, or the preparing of an air space, by means of strips of board or of larger pieces. See Fur, v. t., 3. (b) The strips thus laid on.

2. (Shipbuilding) Double planking of a ship's side.

3. A deposit from water, as on the inside of a boiler; also, the operation of cleaning away this deposit.

 Fur"row (?), n. [OE. forow, forgh, furgh, AS.
 furh; akin to D. voor, OHG. furuh, G. furche, Dan. fure, Sw. f&?;ra, Icel. for drain, L. porca ridge between two furrows.] 1. A trench in the earth made by, or as by, a plow.

2. Any trench, channel, or groove, as in wood or metal; a wrinkle on the face; as, the furrows of age.

Farrow weed a weed which grows on plowed land. Shak. -- To draw a straight furrow, to live correctly; not to deviate from the right line of duty. Lowell.
 Fur"row, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furrowed (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Furrowing.] [From Furrow, n.; cf. AS. fyrian.]
 1. To cut a furrow in; to make furrows in; to plow; as, to furrow the ground or sea. Shak.
2. To mark with channels or with wrinkles.

 Thou canst help time to furrow me with age.

Shak.
 Fair cheeks were furrowed with hot tears.

Byron.
 Fur"row*y (?), a. Furrowed. [R.] Tennyson.
 Fur"ry (?), a. [From Fur.] 1. Covered with fur; dressed in fur. "Furry nations." Thomson.
2. Consisting of fur; as, furry spoils. Dryden.
3. Resembling fur.

 Fur"ther (?), adv. [A comparative of forth; OE. further, forther, AS. fur&?;or, far&?;ur; akin to G. fürder.
 See Forth, adv.] To a greater distance; in addition; moreover. See Farther.

 Carries us, I know not how much further, into familiar company.

M. Arnold.
 They sdvanced us far as Eleusis and Thria; but no further.

Jowett (Thucyd. ).
Further off, not so near; apart by a greater distance.

 Fur"ther, a. compar. [Positive wanting; superl.
 Furthest.] 1. More remote; at a greater distance; more in advance; farther; as, the further end of the field. See Farther.

2. Beyond; additional; as, a further reason for this opinion; nothing further to suggest.

 The forms further and farther are in general not differentiated by writers, but further is preferred by many when application to quantity or degree is implied.

 Fur"ther", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furthered (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Furthering.] [OE. furthren, forthren, AS.
 fyrðran, fyrðrian. See Further, adv.] To help forward; to promote; to advance; to forward; to help or assist.

 This binds thee, then, to further my design.

Dryden.
 I should nothing further the weal public.

Robynsom (More's Utopia).
 Fur"ther*ance (?), n. The act of furthering or helping forward; promotion; advancement; progress.

 I know that I shall abide and continue with you all for your furthersnce and joy of faith.

Phil. i. 25.
 Built of furtherance and pursuing, Not of spent deeds, but of doing.

Emerson.
 Fur"ther*er (?), n. One who furthers. or helps to advance; a promoter. Shak.
 Fur"ther*more" (?), adv. or conj. Moreover; besides; in addition to what has been said.

 Fur"ther*most" (?), a. Most remote; furthest.

 Fur"ther*some (?), a. Tending to further, advance, or promote; helpful; advantageous. [R.]

 You will not find it furthersome.

Carlyle.
 Fur"thest (?), a. superl. Most remote; most in advance; farthest.
 See Further, a. Fur"thest, adv. At the greatest distance; farthest.

 Fur"tive (?), a. [L. furtivus, fr. furtum theft, fr.
 fur thief, akin to ferre to bear: cf. F. furtif. See Fertile.] Stolen; obtained or characterized by stealth; sly; secret; stealthy; as, a furtive look. Prior.
 A hasty and furtive ceremony.

Hallam.
 Fur"tive*ly, adv. Stealthily by theft


Especially used of hardware brought down by a 'power glitch' (see glitch), drop-outs, a short, or some other electrical event. (Sometimes this literally happens to electronic circuits!
In particular, resistors can burn out and transformers can melt down, emitting noxious smoke -- see friode, SED and LER. However, this term is also used metaphorically.) Compare frotzed.
2. [common] Of people, exhausted. Said particularly of those who continue to work in such a state. Often used as an explanation or excuse. "Yeah, I know that fix destroyed the file system, but I was fried when I put it in." Esp. common in conjunction with 'brain': "My brain is fried today, I'm very short on sleep."
Node:frink, Next:friode, Previous:fried, Up:= F = frink /frink/ v. The unknown ur-verb, fill in your own meaning. Found esp. on the Usenet newsgroup alt.fan.lemurs, where it is said that the lemurs know what 'frink' means, but they aren't telling.
Compare gorets.
Node:friode, Next:fritterware, Previous:frink, Up:= F = friode /fri:'ohd/ n.
[TMRC] A reversible (that is, fused or blown) diode. Compare fried; see also SED, LER.
Node:fritterware, Next:frob, Previous:friode, Up:= F = fritterware n. An excess of capability that serves no productive end. The canonical example is font-diddling software on the Mac (see macdink); the term describes anything that eats huge amounts of time for quite marginal gains in function but seduces people into using it anyway. See also window shopping.
Node:frob, Next:frobnicate, Previous:fritterware, Up:= F = frob /frob/ 1. n.
[MIT; very common] The TMRC definition was "FROB = a protruding arm or trunnion"; by metaphoric extension, a 'frob' is any random small thing; an object that you can comfortably hold in one hand; something you can frob (sense 2). See frobnitz.
2. vt. Abbreviated form of frobnicate. 3. [from the MUD world] A command on some MUDs that changes a player's experience level (this can be used to make wizards); also, to request wizard privileges on the 'professional courtesy' grounds that one is a wizard elsewhere. The command is actually 'frobnicate' but is universally abbreviated to the shorter form.
Node:frobnicate, Next:frobnitz, Previous:frob, Up:= F = frobnicate /frob'ni-kayt/ vt.
[Poss. derived from frobnitz, and usually abbreviated to frob, but 'frobnicate' is recognized as the official full form.] To manipulate or adjust, to tweak. One frequently frobs bits or other 2-state devices. Thus: "Please frob the light switch" (that is, flip it), but also "Stop frobbing that clasp; you'll break it". One also sees the construction 'to frob a frob'. See tweak and twiddle.
Usage: frob, twiddle, and tweak sometimes connote points along a continuum. 'Frob' connotes aimless manipulation; 'twiddle' connotes gross manipulation, often a coarse search for a proper setting; 'tweak' connotes fine-tuning. If someone is turning a knob on an oscilloscope, then if he's carefully adjusting it, he is probably tweaking it; if he is just turning it but looking at the screen, he is probably twiddling it; but if he's just doing it because turning a knob is fun, he's frobbing it. The variant 'frobnosticate' has been recently reported.
Node:frobnitz, Next:frog, Previous:frobnicate, Up:= F = frobnitz /frob'nits/, pl. 'frobnitzem' /frob'nit-zm/ or 'frobni' /frob'ni:/ n.
[TMRC] An unspecified physical object, a widget. Also refers to electronic black boxes. This rare form is usually abbreviated to 'frotz', or more commonly to frob.
Also used are 'frobnule' (/frob'n[y]ool/) and 'frobule' (/frob'yool/). Starting perhaps in 1979, 'frobozz' /fr*-boz'/ (plural: 'frobbotzim' /fr*-bot'zm/) has also become very popular, largely through its exposure as a name via Zork. These variants can also be applied to nonphysical objects, such as data structures.
Pete Samson, compiler of the original TMRC lexicon, adds, "Under the TMRC [railroad] layout were many storage boxes, managed (in 1958) by David R. Sawyer. Several had fanciful designations written on them, such as 'Frobnitz Coil Oil'. Perhaps DRS intended Frobnitz to be a proper name, but the name was quickly taken for the thing". This was almost certainly the origin of the term.
Node:frog, Next:frogging, Previous:frobnitz, Up:= F = frog alt. 'phrog' 1. interj. Term of disgust (we seem to have a lot of them). 2.
Used as a name for just about anything. See foo. 3. n. Of things, a crock. 4. n. Of people, somewhere in between a turkey and a toad. 5. 'froggy': adj.
Similar to bagbiting, but milder.
"This froggy program is taking forever to run!"
Node:frogging, Next:front end, Previous:frog, Up:= F = frogging [University of Waterloo] v.
1. Partial corruption of a text file or input stream by some bug or consistent glitch, as opposed to random events like line noise or media failures. Might occur, for example, if one bit of each incoming character on a tty were stuck, so that some characters were correct and others were not. See terminak for a historical example and compare dread high-bit disease. 2. By extension, accidental display of text in a mode where the output device emits special symbols or mnemonics rather than conventional ASCII. This often happens, for example, when using a terminal or comm program on a device like an IBM PC with a special 'high-half' character set and with the bit-parity assumption wrong. A hacker sufficiently familiar with ASCII bit patterns might be able to read the display anyway.
Node:front end, Next:frotz, Previous:frogging, Up:= F = front end n.
1. An intermediary computer that does set-up and filtering for another (usually more powerful but less friendly) machine (a 'back end'). 2. What you're talking to when you have a conversation with someone who is making replies without paying attention. "Look at the dancing elephants!" "Uh-huh." "Do you know what I just said?" "Sorry, you were talking to the front end." 3. Software that provides an interface to another program 'behind' it, which may not be as user-friendly. Probably from analogy with hardware front-ends (see sense 1) that interfaced with mainframes.
Node:frotz, Next:frotzed, Previous:front end, Up:= F = frotz /frots/ 1. n. See frobnitz. 2. 'mumble frotz': An interjection of mildest disgust.
Node:frotzed, Next:frowney, Previous:frotz, Up:= F = frotzed /frotst/ adj.
down because of hardware problems.
Compare fried. A machine that is merely frotzed may be fixable without replacing parts, but a fried machine is more seriously damaged.
Node:frowney, Next:FRS, Previous:frotzed, Up:= F = frowney n.
(alt. 'frowney face') See emoticon.
Node:FRS, Next:fry, Previous:frowney, Up:= F = FRS // n.,obs.
Abbreviation for "Freely Redistributable Software" which entered general use on the Internet in 1995 after years of low-level confusion over what exactly to


sûtra is the Doctrine of the Emptiness of Forms,—that is to say, of the unreal character of all phenomena or noumena... "Form is emptiness; and emptiness is form. Emptiness is not different from form; form is not different from emptiness. What is form—that is emptiness. What is emptiness—that is form... Perception, name, concept, and knowledge, are also emptiness... There is no eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind... But when the envelopment of consciousness has been annihilated, then he [the seeker] becomes free from all fear, and beyond the reach of change, enjoying final Nirvana." OSHIDORI [1] From ancient time, in the Far East, these birds have been regarded as emblems of conjugal affection.
 [2] There is a pathetic double meaning in the third verse; for the syllables composing the proper name Akanuma ("Red Marsh") may also be read as akanu-ma, signifying "the time of our inseparable (or delightful) relation." So the poem can also be thus rendered:—"When the day began to fail, I had invited him to accompany me...! Now, after the time of that happy relation, what misery for the one who must slumber alone in the shadow of the rushes!"—The makomo is a short of large rush, used for making baskets.
THE STORY OF O-TEI (1) "-sama" is a polite suffix attached to personal names.
(2) A Buddhist term commonly used to signify a kind of heaven.
 [1] The Buddhist term zokumyō ("profane name") signifies the personal name, borne during life, in contradistinction to the kaimyō ("sila-name") or homyō ("Law-name") given after death,—religious posthumous appellations inscribed upon the tomb, and upon the mortuary tablet in the parish-temple.—For some account of these, see my paper entitled, "The Literature of the Dead," in Exotics and Retrospectives.
 [2] Buddhist household shrine.
(3) Direct translation of a Japanese form of address used toward young, unmarried women.
DIPLOMACY (1) The spacious house and grounds of a wealthy person is thus called.
(2) A Buddhist service for the dead.
OF A MIRROR AND A BELL (1) Part of present-day Shizuoka Prefecture.
(2) The two-hour period between 1 AM and 3 AM.
(3) A monetary unit.
JIKININKI (1) The southern part of present-day Gifu Prefecture.
 [1] Literally, a man-eating goblin. The Japanese narrator gives also the Sanscrit term, "Râkshasa;" but this word is quite as vague as jikininki, since there are many kinds of Râkshasas. Apparently the word jikininki signifies here one of the Baramon-Rasetsu-Gaki,—forming the twenty-sixth class of pretas enumerated in the old Buddhist books.
 [2] A Ségaki-service is a special Buddhist service performed on behalf of beings supposed to have entered into the condition of gaki (pretas), or hungry spirits. For a brief account of such a service, see my Japanese Miscellany.
 [3] Literally, "five-circle [or five-zone] stone." A funeral monument consisting of five parts superimposed,—each of a different form,—symbolizing the five mystic elements: Ether, Air, Fire, Water, Earth.
MUJINA (1) A kind of badger. Certain animals were thought to be able to transform themselves and cause mischief for humans.
 [1] O-jochū ("honorable damsel"), a polite form of address used in speaking to a young lady whom one does not know.
(2) An apparition with a smooth, totally featureless face, called a "nopperabo," is a stock part of the Japanese pantheon of ghosts and demons.
 [2] Soba is a preparation of buckwheat, somewhat resembling vermicelli.
(3) An exclamation of annoyed alarm.
(4) Well!
ROKURO-KUBI [1] The period of Eikyō lasted from 1429 to 1441.
 [2] The upper robe of a Buddhist priest is thus called.
(1) Present-day Yamanashi Prefecture.
(2) A term for itinerant priests.
 [3] A sort of little fireplace, contrived in the floor of a room, is thus described. The ro is usually a square shallow cavity, lined with metal and half-filled with ashes, in which charcoal is lighted.
(3) Direct translation of "suzumushi," a kind of cricket with a distinctive chirp like a tiny bell, whence the name.
(4) Now a rokuro-kubi is ordinarily conceived as a goblin whose neck stretches out to great lengths, but which nevertheless always remains attached to its body.
(5) A Chinese collection of stories on the supernatural.
 [4] A present made to friends or to the household on returning from a journey is thus called. Ordinarily, of course, the miyagé consists of something produced in the locality to which the journey has been made: this is the point of Kwairyō's jest.
(6) Present-day Nagano Prefecture.
A DEAD SECRET (1) On the present-day map, Tamba corresponds roughly to the central area of Kyōto Prefecture and part of Hyogo Prefecture.
 [1] The Hour of the Rat (Né-no-Koku), according to the old Japanese method of reckoning time, was the first hour. It corresponded to the time between our midnight and two o'clock in the morning; for the ancient Japanese hours were each equal to two modern hours.
 [2] Kaimyō, the posthumous Buddhist name, or religious name, given to the dead. Strictly speaking, the meaning of the word is sila-name. (See my paper entitled, "The Literature of the Dead" in Exotics and Retrospectives.)
YUKI-ONNA (1) An ancient province whose boundaries took in most of present-day Tōkyō, and parts of Saitama and Kanagawa prefectures.
 [1] That is to say, with a floor-surface of about six feet square.
 [2] This name, signifying "Snow," is not uncommon. On the subject of Japanese female names, see my paper in the volume entitled Shadowings.
(2) Also spelled Edo, the former name of Tōkyō.
THE STORY OF AOYAGI (1) An ancient province corresponding to the northern part of present-day Ishikawa Prefecture.
(2) An ancient province corresponding to the eastern part of present-day Fukui Prefecture.
 [1] The name signifies "Green Willow;"—though rarely met with, it is still in use.
 [2] The poem may be read in two ways; several of the phrases having a double meaning. But the art of its construction would need considerable space to explain, and could scarcely interest the Western reader. The meaning which Tomotada desired to convey might be thus expressed:—"While journeying to visit my mother, I met with a being lovely as a flower; and for the sake of that lovely person, I am passing the day here... Fair one, wherefore that dawn-like blush before the hour of dawn?—can it mean that you love me?" [3] Another reading is possible; but this one gives the signification of the answer intended.
 [4] So the Japanese story-teller would have us believe,—although the verses seem commonplace in translation. I have tried to give only their general meaning: an effective literal translation would require some scholarship.
JIU-ROKU-ZAKURA (1) Present-day Ehime Prefecture.
THE DREAM OF AKINOSUKÉ (1) Present-day Nara Prefecture.
 [1] This name "Tokoyo" is indefinite. According to circumstances it may signify any unknown country,—or that undiscovered country from whose bourn no traveler returns,—or that Fairyland of far-eastern fable, the


of trumps in sancho pedro.

 Sancho pedro. [Sp. Pedro Peter.] (Card Playing) A variety of auction pitch in which the nine (sancho) and five (pedro) of trumps are added as counting cards at their pip value, and the ten of trumps counts game.

 Sand"-lot', a. Lit., of or pert. to a lot or piece of sandy ground, -- hence, pert. to, or characteristic of, the policy or practices of the socialistic or communistic followers of the Irish agitator Denis Kearney, who delivered many of his speeches in the open sand lots about San Francisco; as, the sand-lot constitution of California, framed in 1879, under the influence of sand-lot agitation.

 San Jo*sé" scale (?). A very destructive scale insect (Aspidiotus perniciosus) that infests the apple, pear, and other fruit trees. So called because first introduced into the United States at San José, California.

 Sap"ro*phyt*ism (?), n. State or fact of being saprophytic.

 Sas*tru"gi (?). Incorrect, but common, var. of Zastrugi.

 Sat'i*nette" (?), n. One of a breed of fancy frilled pigeons allied to the owls and turbits, having the body white, the shoulders tricolored, and the tail bluish black with a large white spot on each feather.

 Sat"in weave. A style of weaving producing smoothfaced fabric in which the warp interlaces with the filling at points distributed over the surface.

 { Sav"vy, Sav"vey } (?), v. t. & i. [Written also savey.]
 [Sp. saber to know, sabe usted do you know?] To understand; to comprehend; know. [Slang, U. S.]

 { Sav"vy, Sav"vey }, n. Comprehension; knowledge of affairs; mental grasp. [Slang, U. S.]

 Sax"o*ny (?), n. [So named after the kingdom of Saxony, reputed to produce fine wool.] 1. A kind of glossy woolen cloth formerly much used.

2. Saxony yarn, or flannel made of it or similar yarn.

 Saxony yarn. A fine grade of woolen yarn twisted somewhat harder and smoother than zephyr yarn.

 Scab, n. (Bot.) Any one of various more or less destructive fungus diseases attacking cultivated plants, and usually forming dark-colored crustlike spots.

 { Scar"ab, Scar"a*bee' }, n. } Same as Scarabæus.

 ||Scar*a*bæ"us, n. (Egypt. Archæol.) A conventionalized representation of a beetle, with its legs held closely at its sides, carved in natural or made in baked clay, and commonly having an inscription on the flat underside.

 Scav"enge (?), v. i. (Internalcombustion Engines) To remove the burned gases from the cylinder after a working stroke; as, this engine does not scavenge well.

 Scav"enge, v. t. To remove (burned gases) from the cylinder after a working stroke.

 Scav"eng*ing (?), p. pr. & vb. n. of Scavenge. Hence, n.
(Internal-combustion Engines) Act or process of expelling the exhaust gases from the cylinder by some special means, as, in many four-cycle engines, by utilizing the momentum of the exhaust gases in a long exhaust pipe.

 ||Schap"pe (?), n. [G. dial. (Swiss), waste, impurity.] A silk yarn or fabric made out of carded spun silk.

 Schat"chen (?), n. [Yiddish, fr. NHeb. shadkhn, fr. shdakh to bring about a marriage, orig., to persuade.] A person whose business is marriage brokage; a marriage broker, esp. among certain Jews.

 Schi"zont (sk"znt or skz"nt), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, p.pr., cleaving.] (Zoöl.) In certain Sporozoa, a cell formed by the growth of a sporozoite or merozoite (in a cell or corpuscle of the host) which segment by superficial cleavage, without encystment or conjugation, into merozoites.

 ||Schnor"rer (?), n. [Yiddish, fr. G. schnurrer, fr. schnurren to hum, whir, hence, from the sound of the musical instrument used by strolling beggars, to beg.] Among the Jews, a beggar.

 Sci*ag"ra*phy, n. (Physics) Same as Radiography.

 Sclaff (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sclaffed (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Sclaffing.] [Orig. uncert.] 1. To scuff or shuffle along. [Scot.]

2. (Golf) To scrape the ground with the sole of the club, before striking the ball, in making a stroke.

 Sclaff, v. t. (Golf) To scrape (the club) on the ground, in a stroke, before hitting the ball; also, to make (a stroke) in that way.

 Sclaff, n. [Scot.] 1. A slight blow; a slap; a soft fall; also, the accompanying noise.

2. (Golf) The stroke made by one who sclaffs.

3. A thin, solid substance, esp. a thin shoe or slipper.

 Scoop (?), n. A beat. [Newspaper Slang] Scoop, v. t. To get a scoop, or a beat, on (a rival). [Newspaper Slang] Scorch, v. i. To ride or drive at great, usually at excessive, speed; -- applied chiefly to automobilists and bicyclists. [Colloq.] -- Scorch"er, n. [Colloq.]

 Score (?), v. i. 1. To keep the score in a game; to act as scorer.

2. To make or count a point or points, as in a game; to tally.

3. To run up a score, or account of dues.

 Scotch rite. (Freemasonry) The ceremonial observed by one of the Masonic systems, called in full the Ancient and Accepted Scotch Rite; also, the system itself, which confers thirty-three degrees, of which the first three are nearly identical with those of the York rite.

 Scotch terrier. (Zoöl.) One of a breed of small terriers with long, rough hair.

 Scot"tish ter"ri*er. (Zoöl.) Same as Scotch terrier.

 Scour (?), v. t. To cleanse or clear, as by a current of water; to flush.

 If my neighbor ought to scour a ditch.

Blackstone.
 Scour, n. 1. The act of scouring.

2. A place scoured out by running water, as in the bed of a stream below a fall.

 If you catch the two sole denizens [trout] of a particular scour, you will find another pair installed in their place to-morrow.

Grant Allen.
 Scout, n. A boy scout (which see, above).

 Scrag (?), v. t. [Cf. Scrag.] To seize, pull, or twist the neck of; specif., to hang by the neck; to kill by hanging. [Colloq.]

 An enthusiastic mob will scrag me to a certainty the day war breaks out.

Pall Mall Mag.
 Scram"bled eggs (?). Eggs of which the whites and yolks are stirred together while cooking, or eggs beaten slightly, often with a little milk, and stirred while cooking.

 Scrap"ple (?), n. [


The Well at the World's End by William Morris Table of Contents BOOK ONE The Road Unto Love Chapter 1 The Sundering of the Ways 2 Ralph Goeth Back Home to the High House 3 Ralph Cometh to the Cheaping-Town 4 Ralph Rideth the Downs 5 Ralph Cometh to Higham-on-the-Way 6 Ralph Goeth His Ways From the Abbey of St. Mary at Higham 7 The Maiden of Bourton Abbas 8 Ralph Cometh to the Wood Perilous. An Adventure Therein 9 Another Adventure in the Wood Perilous 10 A Meeting and a Parting in the Wood Perilous 11 Now Must Ralph Ride For It 12 Ralph Entereth Into the Burg of the Four Friths 13 The Streets of the Burg of the Four Friths 14 What Ralph Heard of the Matters of the Burg of the Four Friths 15 How Ralph Departed From the Burg of the Four Friths 16 Ralph Rideth the Wood Perilous Again 17 Ralph Cometh to the House of Abundance 18 Of Ralph in the Castle of Abundance 19 Ralph Readeth in a Book Concerning the Well at the World's End 20 Ralph Meeteth a Man in the Wood 21 Ralph Weareth Away Three Days Uneasily 22 An Adventure in the Wood 23 The Leechcraft of the Lady 24 Supper and Slumber in the Woodland Hall BOOK TWO The Road Unto Trouble 1 Ralph Meets With Love in the Wilderness 2 They Break Their Fast in the Wildwood 3 The Lady Telleth Ralph of the Past Days of Her Life 4 The Lady Tells of Her Deliverance 5 Yet More of the Lady's Story 6 The Lady Tells Somewhat of Her Doings After She Left the Wilderness 7 The Lady Tells of the Strife and Trouble That Befell After Her Coming to the Country of the King's Son 8 The Lady Maketh an End of Her Tale 9 They Go On Their Way Once More 10 Of the Desert-House and the Chamber of Love in the Wilderness 11 Ralph Cometh Out of the Wilderness 12 Ralph Falleth in With Friends and Rideth to Whitwall 13 Richard Talketh With Ralph Concerning the Well at the World's End.
Concerning Swevenham 14 Ralph Falleth in With Another Old Friend 15 Ralph Dreams a Dream Or Sees a Vision 16 Of the Tales of Swevenham 17 Richard Bringeth Tidings of Departing 18 Ralph Departeth From Whitwall With the Fellowship of Clement Chapman 19 Master Clement Tells Ralph Concerning the Lands Whereunto They Were Riding 20 They Come to the Mid-Mountain Guest-House 21 A Battle in the Mountains 22 Ralph Talks With Bull Shockhead 23 Of the Town of Cheaping Knowe 24 Ralph Heareth More Tidings of the Damsel 25 The Fellowship Comes to Whiteness 26 They Ride the Mountains Toward Goldburg 27 Clement Tells of Goldburg 28 Now They Come to Goldburg 29 Of Goldburg and the Queen Thereof 30 Ralph Hath Hope of Tidings Concerning the Well at the World's End 31 The Beginning of the Road To Utterbol 32 Ralph Happens on Evil Days 33 Ralph is Brought on the Road Towards Utterbol 34 The Lord of Utterbol Will Wot of Ralph's Might and Minstrelsy 35 Ralph Cometh To the Vale of the Tower 36 The Talk of Two Women Concerning Ralph 37 How Ralph Justed With the Aliens 38 A Friend Gives Ralph Warning 39 The Lord of Utterbol Makes Ralph a Free Man 40 They Ride Toward Utterness From Out of Vale Turris 41 Redhead Keeps Tryst BOOK THREE The Road To The Well At World's End.
1 An Adventure in the Wood Under the Mountains 2 Ralph Rides the Wood Under the Mountains 3 Ralph Meeteth With Another Adventure in the Wood Under the Mountain 4 They Ride the Wood Under the Mountains 5 They Come on the Sage of Swevenham 6 Those Two Are Learned Lore by the Sage of Swevenham 7 An Adventure by the Way 8 They Come to the Sea of Molten Rocks 9 They Come Forth From the Rock-Sea 10 They Come to the Gate of the Mountains 11 They Come to the Vale of Sweet Chestnuts 12 Winter Amidst of the Mountains 13 Of Ursula and the Bear 14 Now Come the Messengers of the Innocent Folk 15 They Come to the Land of the Innocent Folk 16 They Come to the House of the Sorceress 17 They Come Through the Woodland to the Thirsty Desert 18 They Come to the Dry Tree 19 They Come Out of the Thirsty Desert 20 They Come to the Ocean Sea 21 Now They Drink of the Well at the World's End 22 Now They Have Drunk and Are Glad BOOK FOUR The Road Home 1 Ralph and Ursula Come Back Again Through the Great Mountains 2 They Hear New Tidings of Utterbol 3 They Winter With the Sage; and Thereafter Come Again to Vale Turris 4 A Feast in the Red Pavilion 5 Bull Telleth of His Winning of the Lordship of Utterbol 6 They Ride From Vale Turris. Redhead Tells of Agatha 7 Of Their Riding the Waste, and of a Battle Thereon 8 Of Goldburg Again, and the Queen Thereof 9 They Come to Cheaping Knowe Once More. Of the King Thereof 10 An Adventure on the Way to the Mountains 11 They Come Through the Mountains Into the Plain 12 The Roads Sunder Again 13 They Come to Whitwall Again 14 They Ride Away From Whitwall 15 A Strange Meeting in the Wilderness 16 They Come to the Castle of Abundance Once More 17 They Fall in With That Hermit 18 A Change of Days in the Burg of the Four Friths 19 Ralph Sees Hampton and the Scaur 20 They Come to the Gate of Higham By the Way 21 Talk Between Those Two Brethren 22 An Old Acquaintance Comes From the Down Country to See Ralph 23 They Ride to Bear Castle


THE TRAGICAL HISTORY OF DOCTOR FAUSTUS By Christopher Marlowe From The Quarto of 1604 Edited by The Rev. Alexander Dyce DRAMATIS PERSONAE.
THE TRAGICAL HISTORY OF DOCTOR FAUSTUS FOOTNOTES THE TRAGICALL HISTORY OF D. FAUSTUS. AS IT HATH BENE ACTED BY THE RIGHT HONORABLE THE EARLE OF NOTTINGHAM HIS SERUANTS.
WRITTEN BY CH. MARL.
In reprinting this edition, I have here and there amended the text by means of the later 4tos,—1616, 1624, 1631.—Of 4to 1663, which contains various comparatively modern alterations and additions, I have made no use.
 DRAMATIS PERSONAE.
 THE TRAGICAL HISTORY OF DOCTOR FAUSTUS FOOTNOTES: 1 (return) [ mate— i.e. confound, defeat.]
2 (return) [ vaunt— So the later 4tos.—2to 1604 "daunt."]
3 (return) [ her— All the 4tos "his."]
4 (return) [ Whereas— i.e. where.]
5 (return) [ cunning— i.e. knowledge.]
6 (return) [ So the later 4tos.—2to 1604 "more."]
7 (return) [ FAUSTUS discovered in his study— Most probably, the Chorus, before going out, drew a curtain, and discovered Faustus sitting.
In B. Barnes's DIVILS CHARTER, 1607, we find; "SCEN. VLTIMA.
ALEXANDER VNBRACED BETWIXT TWO CARDINALLS in his study LOOKING VPON A BOOKE, whilst a groome draweth the Curtaine." Sig. L 3.]
8 (return) [ Analytics, 'tis thou, &c.— Qy. "Analytic"? (but such phraseology was not uncommon).]
9 (return) [ So the later 4tos.—2to 1604 "the" (the printer having mistaken "yt" for "ye").]
10 (return) [ So the later 4tos (with various spelling).—2to 1604 "Oncaymaeon."]
11 (return) [ and— So the later 4tos.—Not in 4to 1604.]
12 (return) [ Couldst— So the later 4tos.—2to 1604 "Wouldst."]
13 (return) [ men— So the later 4tos.—2to 1604 "man."]
14 (return) [ legatur— All the 4tos "legatus."]
15 (return) [ &c.— So two of the later 4tos.—Not in 4to 1604.]
16 (return) [ law— So the later 4tos.—2to 1604 "Church."]
17 (return) [ This— So the later 4tos.—2to 1604 "His."]
18 (return) [ Too servile— So the later 4tos.—2to 1604 "The deuill."]
19 (return) [ Che sera, sera— Lest it should be thought that I am wrong in not altering the old spelling here, I may quote from Panizzi's very critical edition of the ORLANDO FURIOSO, "La satisfazion ci SERA pronta." C. xviii. st. 67.]
20 (return) [ scenes— "And sooner may a gulling weather-spie By drawing forth heavens SCEANES tell certainly," &c. Donne's FIRST SATYRE,—p. 327, ed. 1633.]
21 (return) [ tire— So the later 4tos.—2to 1604 "trie."]
22 (return) [ Enter WAGNER, &c.— Perhaps the proper arrangement is,] "Wagner!
 Enter WAGNER.
 Commend me to my dearest friends," &c.]
23 (return) [ treasure— So the later 4tos.—2to 1604 "treasury."]
24 (return) [ Jove— So again, p. 84, first col.,[See Note 59] : "Seeing Faustus hath incurr'd eternal death By desperate thoughts against JOVE'S deity," &c.: and I may notice that Marlowe is not singular in applying the name JOVE to the God of Christians:] "Beneath our standard of JOUES powerfull sonne [i.e. Christ—".
 MIR. FOR MAGISTRATES, p. 642, ed. 1610.
 "But see the judgement of almightie JOUE," &c. Id. p. 696.
 "O sommo GIOVE per noi crocifisso," &c. Pulci,—MORGANTE MAG. C. ii. st. 1.]
25 (return) [ these elements— So again, "Within the bowels of THESE elements," &c., p. 87, first col,[See Note 90——"THESE" being equivalent to THE. (Not unfrequently in our old writers THESE is little more than redundant.)]
26 (return) [ resolve— i.e. satisfy, inform.]
27 (return) [ silk— All the 4tos "skill" (and so the modern editors!).]
28 (return) [ the— So the later 4tos.—2to 1604 "our."]
29 (return) [ the fiery keel at Antwerp's bridge— During the blockade of Antwerp by the Prince of Parma in 1585, "They of Antuerpe knowing that the bridge and the Stocadoes were finished, made a great shippe, to be a meanes to breake all this worke of the prince of Parmaes: this great shippe was made of masons worke within, in the manner of a vaulted caue: vpon the hatches there were layed myll-stones, graue-stones, and others of great weight; and within the vault were many barrels of powder, ouer the which there were holes, and in them they had put matches, hanging at a thred, the which burning vntill they came vnto the thred, would fall into the powder, and so blow vp all.
And for that they could not haue any one in this shippe to conduct it, Lanckhaer, a sea captaine of the Hollanders, being then in Antuerpe, gaue them counsell to tye a great beame at the end of it, to make it to keepe a straight course in the middest of the streame. In this sort floated this shippe the fourth of Aprill, vntill that it came vnto the bridge; where (within a while after) the powder wrought his effect, with such violence, as the vessell, and all that was within it, and vpon it, flew in pieces, carrying away a part of the Stocado and of the bridge.
The marquesse of Roubay Vicont of Gant, Gaspar of Robles lord of Billy, and the Seignior of Torchies, brother vnto the Seignior of Bours, with many others, were presently slaine; which were torne in pieces, and dispersed abroad, both vpon the land and vpon the water." Grimeston's GENERALL HISTORIE OF THE NETHERLANDS, p. 875, ed. 1609.]
30 (return) [ only— Qy. "alone"? (This line is not in the later 4tos.)]
31 (return) [ vile— Old ed. "vild": but see note ||, p. 68.—(This line is not in the later 4tos.)
32 (return) [ concise syllogisms— Old ed. "Consissylogismes."]
33 (return) [ cunning— i.e. knowing, skilful.]
34 (return) [ Agrippa— i.e. Cornelius Agrippa.]
35 (return) [ shadow— So the later 4tos.—2to 1604 "shadowes."]
36 (return)


. piétisme.]
 1. The principle or practice of the Pietists.

2. Strict devotion; also, affectation of devotion.

 The Schöne Seele, that ideal of gentle pietism, in "Wilhelm Meister."

W. Pater.
 Pi"e*tist (?), n. [Cf. G. pietist, F. piétiste.
 See Piety.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a class of religious reformers in Germany in the 17th century who sought to revive declining piety in the Protestant churches; -- often applied as a term of reproach to those who make a display of religious feeling. Also used adjectively.

 { Pi'e*tis"tic (?), Pi'e*tis"tic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to the Pietists; hence, in contempt, affectedly or demonstratively religious.
 Addison.
 ||Pi*e"tra du"ra (?). [It., hard stone.] (Fine Arts) Hard and fine stones in general, such as are used for inlay and the like, as distinguished from the softer stones used in building; thus, a Florentine mosaic is a familiar instance of work in pietra dura, though the ground may be soft marble.

 Pi"e*ty (?), n. [F. piété; cf. It. pietà; both fr. L. pietas piety, fr. pius pious. See Pious, and cf.
 Pity.] 1. Veneration or reverence of the Supreme Being, and love of his character; loving obedience to the will of God, and earnest devotion to his service.

Piety is the only proper and adequate relief of decaying man.

Rambler.
2. Duty; dutifulness; filial reverence and devotion; affectionate reverence and service shown toward parents, relatives, benefactors, country, etc.

 Conferred upon me for the piety Which to my country I was judged to have shown.

Milton.
Syn. -- Religion; sanctity; devotion; godliness; holiness. See Religion.

 Pie"wipe' (?), n. [So called from its note.] (Zoöl.)
 The lapwing, or pewit. [Prov. Eng.]

 Pi'e*zom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; to press + -meter: cf.
 F. piézomètre.] 1. (Physics) An instrument for measuring the compressibility of liquids.

2. (Physics) A gauge connected with a water main to show the pressure at that point.

 { ||Pif"fe*ro (?), ||Pif"fa*ra (?), } n. [It. piffero.] (Mus.)
 A fife; also, a rude kind of oboe or a bagpipe with an inflated skin for reservoir.

 Pig (?), n. A piggin. [Written also pigg.]

 Pig, n. [Cf. D. big, bigge, LG. bigge, also Dan. pige girl, Sw. piga, Icel. pka.] 1. The young of swine, male or female; also, any swine; a hog. "Two pigges in a poke." Chaucer.
2. (Zoöl.) Any wild species of the genus Sus and related genera.

3. [Cf. Sow a channel for melted iron.] An oblong mass of cast iron, lead, or other metal. See Mine pig, under Mine.

4. One who is hoggish; a greedy person. [Low] Masked pig. (Zoöl.) See under Masked. -- Pig bed (Founding), the bed of sand in which the iron from a smelting furnace is cast into pigs. -- Pig iron, cast iron in pigs, or oblong blocks or bars, as it comes from the smelting furnace. See Pig, 4.
 -- Pig yoke (Naut.), a nickname for a quadrant or sextant.
 -- A pig in a poke (that is, bag), a blind bargain; something bought or bargained for, without the quality or the value being known. [Colloq.]

 Pig, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Pigged (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Pigging (?).] 1. To bring forth (pigs); to bring forth in the manner of pigs; to farrow.

2. To huddle or lie together like pigs, in one bed.

 Pi"geon (?), n. [F., fr. L. pipio a young pipping or chirping bird, fr. pipire to peep, chirp. Cf. Peep to chirp.] 1.
(Zoöl.) Any bird of the order Columbæ, of which numerous species occur in nearly all parts of the world.

 The common domestic pigeon, or dove, was derived from the Old World rock pigeon (Columba livia). It has given rise to numerous very remarkable varieties, such as the carrier, fantail, nun, pouter, tumbler, etc. The common wild pigeons of the Eastern United States are the passenger pigeon, and the Carolina dove. See under Passenger, and Dove.
 See, also, Fruit pigeon, Ground pigeon, Queen pigeon, Stock pigeon, under Fruit, Ground, etc.

2. An unsuspected victim of sharpers; a gull. [Slang] Blue pigeon (Zoöl.), an Australian passerine bird (Graucalus melanops); -- called also black-faced crow. -- Green pigeon (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of Old World pigeons belonging to the family Treronidæ. -- Imperial pigeon (Zoöl.), any one of the large Asiatic fruit pigeons of the genus Carpophada. - - Pigeon berry (Bot.), the purplish black fruit of the pokeweed; also, the plant itself. See Pokeweed.
 -- Pigeon English [perhaps a corruption of business English], an extraordinary and grotesque dialect, employed in the commercial cities of China, as the medium of communication between foreign merchants and the Chinese. Its base is English, with a mixture of Portuguese and Hindoostanee. Johnson's Cyc. -- Pigeon grass (Bot.), a kind of foxtail grass (Setaria glauca), of some value as fodder.
 The seeds are eagerly eaten by pigeons and other birds. - - Pigeon hawk.
 (Zoöl.) (a) A small American falcon (Falco columbarius). The adult male is dark slate-blue above, streaked with black on the back; beneath, whitish or buff, streaked with brown. The tail is banded. (b) The American sharpshinned hawk (Accipiter velox, or fuscus). -- Pigeon hole. (a) A hole for pigeons to enter a pigeon house. (b) See Pigeonhole. (c) pl.
 An old English game, in which balls were rolled through little arches. Halliwell.
 -- Pigeon house, a dovecote. -- Pigeon pea (Bot.), the seed of Cajanus Indicus; a kind of pulse used for food in the East and West Indies; also, the plant itself. -- Pigeon plum (Bot.), the edible drupes of two West African species of Chrysobalanus (C. ellipticus and C. luteus). -- Pigeon tremex. (Zoöl.)
 See under Tremex. -- Pigeon wood (Bot.), a name in the West Indies for the wood of several very different kinds of trees, species of Dipholis, Diospyros, and Coccoloba. -- Pigeon woodpecker (Zoöl.), the flicker. -- Prairie pigeon.
 (Zoöl.) (a) The upland plover. (b) The golden plover. [Local, U.S.]

 Pi"geon (?), v. t. To pluck; to fleece; to swindle by tricks in


. -- To heave up anchor (Naut.), to raise it from the bottom of the sea or elsewhere.

 Heave (hv), v. i. 1. To be thrown up or raised; to rise upward, as a tower or mound.

 And the huge columns heave into the sky.

Pope.
 Where heaves the turf in many a moldering heap.

Gray.
 The heaving sods of Bunker Hill.

E. Everett.
2. To rise and fall with alternate motions, as the lungs in heavy breathing, as waves in a heavy sea, as ships on the billows, as the earth when broken up by frost, etc.; to swell; to dilate; to expand; to distend; hence, to labor; to struggle.

 Frequent for breath his panting bosom heaves.

Prior.
 The heaving plain of ocean.

Byron.
3. To make an effort to raise, throw, or move anything; to strain to do something difficult.

 The Church of England had struggled and heaved at a reformation ever since Wyclif's days.

Atterbury.
4. To make an effort to vomit; to retch; to vomit.

To heave at. (a) To make an effort at. (b) To attack, to oppose. [Obs.] Fuller. -- To heave in sight (as a ship at sea), to come in sight; to appear. -- To heave up, to vomit. [Low] Heave, n. 1. An effort to raise something, as a weight, or one's self, or to move something heavy.

 After many strains and heaves He got up to his saddle eaves.

Hudibras.
2. An upward motion; a rising; a swell or distention, as of the breast in difficult breathing, of the waves, of the earth in an earthquake, and the like.

 There's matter in these sighs, these profound heaves, You must translate.

Shak.
 None could guess whether the next heave of the earthquake would settle... or swallow them.

Dryden.
3. (Geol.) A horizontal dislocation in a metallic lode, taking place at an intersection with another lode.

 Heav"en (hv"'n), n. [OE. heven, hefen, heofen, AS. heofon; akin to OS. hevan, LG. heben, heven, Icel. hifinn; of uncertain origin, cf. D. hemel, G. himmel, Icel. himmin, Goth. himins; perh. akin to, or influenced by, the root of E. heave, or from a root signifying to cover, cf. Goth. gahamn to put on, clothe one's self, G. hemd shirt, and perh. E. chemise.] 1. The expanse of space surrounding the earth; esp., that which seems to be over the earth like a great arch or dome; the firmament; the sky; the place where the sun, moon, and stars appear; -- often used in the plural in this sense.

 I never saw the heavens so dim by day.

Shak.
 When my eyes shall be turned to behold for the last time the sun in heaven.

D. Webster.
2. The dwelling place of the Deity; the abode of bliss; the place or state of the blessed after death.

 Unto the God of love, high heaven's King.

Spenser.
 It is a knell That summons thee to heaven or to hell.

Shak.
 New thoughts of God, new hopes of Heaven.

Keble.
 In this general sense heaven and its corresponding words in other languages have as various definite interpretations as there are phases of religious belief.

3. The sovereign of heaven; God; also, the assembly of the blessed, collectively; -- used variously in this sense, as in No. 2.

 Her prayers, whom Heaven delights to hear.

Shak.
 The will And high permission of all-ruling Heaven.

Milton.
4. Any place of supreme happiness or great comfort; perfect felicity; bliss; a sublime or exalted condition; as, a heaven of delight. "A heaven of beauty." Shak. "The brightest heaven of invention." Shak.
 O bed! bed! delicious bed! That heaven upon earth to the weary head!

Hood.
Heaven is very often used, esp. with participles, in forming compound words, most of which need no special explanation; as, heaven-appeasing, heaven-aspiring, heavenbegot, heaven-born, heaven-bred, heavenconducted, heaven-descended, heaven-directed, heaven-exalted, heaven-given, heaven-guided, heaven-inflicted, heaven-inspired, heaveninstructed, heaven-kissing, heaven-loved, heaven-moving, heaven-protected, heaven-taught, heaven-warring, and the like.

 Heav"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heavened (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Heavening.] To place in happiness or bliss, as if in heaven; to beatify. [R.]

 We are happy as the bird whose nest Is heavened in the hush of purple hills.

G. Massey.
 Heav"en*ize (hv"'n*z), v. t. To render like heaven or fit for heaven. [R.] Bp. Hall.
 Heav"en*li*ness (?), n. [From Heavenly.] The state or quality of being heavenly. Sir J. Davies.
 Heav"en*ly, a. [AS. heofonic.] 1. Pertaining to, resembling, or inhabiting heaven; celestial; not earthly; as, heavenly regions; heavenly music.

 As is the heavenly, such are they also that are heavenly.

1 Cor. xv. 48.
2. Appropriate to heaven in character or happiness; perfect; pure; supremely blessed; as, a heavenly race; the heavenly, throng.

 The love of heaven makes one heavenly.

Sir P. Sidney.
 Heav"en*ly, adv. 1. In a manner resembling that of heaven.
 "She was heavenly true." Shak.
2. By the influence or agency of heaven.

 Out heavenly guided soul shall climb.

Milton.
 Heav"en*ly-mind'ed (?), a. Having the thoughts and affections placed on, or suitable for, heaven and heavenly objects; devout; godly; pious. Milner. -- Heav"en*ly-mind'ed*ness, n. Heav"en*ward (?), a & adv. Toward heaven.

 Heave" of'fer*ing (?). (Jewish Antiq.) An offering or oblation heaved up or elevated before the altar, as the shoulder of the peace offering. See Wave offering. Ex. xxix. 27.
 Heav"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, heaves or lifts; a laborer employed on docks in handling freight; as, a coal heaver.

2. (Naut.) A bar used as a lever. Totten.
 Heaves (?), n. A disease of horses, characterized by difficult breathing, with heaving of the flank, wheezing, flatulency, and a peculiar cough; broken wind.

 Heav"i*ly (?), adv. [From 2d Heavy.] 1. In a heavy manner; with great weight; as, to bear heavily on a thing; to be heavily loaded.

Heavily interested in those schemes of emigration.

The Century.
2. As if burdened with a great weight; slowly and laboriously; with difficulty; hence, in a slow, difficult, or suffering manner; sorrowfully.

 And took off their chariot wheels, that they drave them


duced (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Abducing.] [L. abducere to lead away; ab + ducere to lead. See Duke, and cf. Abduct.] To draw or conduct away; to withdraw; to draw to a different part. [Obs.]

 If we abduce the eye unto either corner, the object will not duplicate. Sir T. Browne.
 Ab*duct" (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abducted (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Abducting.] [L. abductus, p. p. of abducere.
 See Abduce.] 1. To take away surreptitiously by force; to carry away (a human being) wrongfully and usually by violence; to kidnap.

2. To draw away, as a limb or other part, from its ordinary position.

 Ab*duc"tion (&?;), n. [L. abductio: cf. F. abduction.]
 1. The act of abducing or abducting; a drawing apart; a carrying away. Roget.
2. (Physiol.) The movement which separates a limb or other part from the axis, or middle line, of the body.

3. (Law) The wrongful, and usually the forcible, carrying off of a human being; as, the abduction of a child, the abduction of an heiress.

4. (Logic) A syllogism or form of argument in which the major is evident, but the minor is only probable.

 Ab*duc"tor (&?;), n. [NL.] 1. One who abducts.

2. (Anat.) A muscle which serves to draw a part out, or form the median line of the body; as, the abductor oculi, which draws the eye outward.

 A*beam" (&?;), adv. [Pref. a- + beam.] (Naut.)
 On the beam, that is, on a line which forms a right angle with the ship's keel; opposite to the center of the ship's side.

 A*bear" (&?;), v. t. [AS. beran; pref. - + beran to bear.] 1. To bear; to behave. [Obs.]

 So did the faery knight himself abear. Spenser.
2. To put up with; to endure. [Prov.] Dickens.
 A*bear"ance (&?;), n. Behavior. [Obs.] Blackstone.
 A*bear"ing, n. Behavior. [Obs.] Sir. T. More.
 A'be*ce*da"ri*an (&?;), n. [L. abecedarius. A word from the first four letters of the alphabet.] 1. One who is learning the alphabet; hence, a tyro.

2. One engaged in teaching the alphabet. Wood.
 { A'be*ce*da"ri*an, A'be*ce"da*ry (&?;), } a. Pertaining to, or formed by, the letters of the alphabet; alphabetic; hence, rudimentary.

Abecedarian psalms, hymns, etc., compositions in which (like the 119th psalm in Hebrew) distinct portions or verses commence with successive letters of the alphabet. Hook.
 A'be*ce"da*ry (&?;), n. A primer; the first principle or rudiment of anything. [R.] Fuller.
 A*bed" (&?;), adv. [Pref. a- in, on + bed.] 1.
 In bed, or on the bed.

 Not to be abed after midnight. Shak.
2. To childbed (in the phrase "brought abed," that is, delivered of a child). Shak.
 A*beg"ge (&?;). Same as Aby. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 A*bele" (&?;), n. [D. abeel (abeelboom), OF. abel, aubel, fr. a dim. of L. albus white.] The white poplar (Populus alba).

 Six abeles i' the churchyard grow. Mrs. Browning.
 { A*bel"i*an (&?;), A"bel*ite (&?;), A'bel*o"ni*an (&?;), } n.
(Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect in Africa (4th century), mentioned by St. Augustine, who states that they married, but lived in continence, after the manner, as they pretended, of Abel.

 A"bel*mosk' (&?;), n. [NL. abelmoschus, fr. Ar. abu-l-misk father of musk, i. e., producing musk. See Musk.] (Bot.) An evergreen shrub (Hibiscus -- formerly Abelmoschus -- moschatus), of the East and West Indies and Northern Africa, whose musky seeds are used in perfumery and to flavor coffee; -- sometimes called musk mallow.

 Ab'er-de-vine" (#), n. (Zoöl.) The European siskin (Carduelis spinus), a small green and yellow finch, related to the goldfinch.

 Ab*err" (&?;), v. i. [L. aberrare. See Aberrate.] To wander; to stray. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
 { Ab*er"rance (&?;), Ab*er"ran*cy (&?;), } n. State of being aberrant; a wandering from the right way; deviation from truth, rectitude, etc.

Aberrancy of curvature (Geom.), the deviation of a curve from a circular form.

 Ab*er"rant (&?;), a. [L. aberrans, -rantis, p. pr. of aberrare. See Aberr.] 1. Wandering; straying from the right way.

2. (Biol.) Deviating from the ordinary or natural type; exceptional; abnormal.

 The more aberrant any form is, the greater must have been the number of connecting forms which, on my theory, have been exterminated.
Darwin.
 Ab"er*rate (&?;), v. i. [L. aberratus, p. pr. of aberrare; ab + errare to wander. See Err.] To go astray; to diverge.
 [R.]

 Their own defective and aberrating vision. De Quincey.
 Ab'er*ra"tion (&?;), n. [L. aberratio: cf. F. aberration.
 See Aberrate.] 1. The act of wandering; deviation, especially from truth or moral rectitude, from the natural state, or from a type. "The aberration of youth." Hall. "Aberrations from theory." Burke.
2. A partial alienation of reason. "Occasional aberrations of intellect." Lingard.
 Whims, which at first are the aberrations of a single brain, pass with heat into epidemic form. I. Taylor.
3. (Astron.) A small periodical change of position in the stars and other heavenly bodies, due to the combined effect of the motion of light and the motion of the observer; called annual aberration, when the observer's motion is that of the earth in its orbit, and daily or diurnal aberration, when of the earth on its axis; amounting when greatest, in the former case, to 20.4'', and in the latter, to 0.3''.
 Planetary aberration is that due to the motion of light and the motion of the planet relative to the earth.

4. (Opt.) The convergence to different foci, by a lens or mirror, of rays of light emanating from one and the same point, or the deviation of such rays from a single focus; called spherical aberration, when due to the spherical form of the lens or mirror, such form giving different foci for central and marginal rays; and chromatic aberration, when due to different refrangibilities of the colored rays of the spectrum, those


HEARTBREAK HOUSE A FANTASIA IN THE RUSSIAN MANNER ON ENGLISH THEMES By Bernard Shaw _PHONE_ Contents HEARTBREAK HOUSE AND HORSEBACK HALL HEARTBREAK HOUSE ACT I ACT II ACT III HEARTBREAK HOUSE AND HORSEBACK HALL Where Heartbreak House Stands Heartbreak House is not merely the name of the play which follows this preface. It is cultured, leisured Europe before the war. When the play was begun not a shot had been fired; and only the professional diplomatists and the very few amateurs whose hobby is foreign policy even knew that the guns were loaded. A Russian playwright, Tchekov, had produced four fascinating dramatic studies of Heartbreak House, of which three, The Cherry Orchard, Uncle Vanya, and The Seagull, had been performed in England. Tolstoy, in his Fruits of Enlightenment, had shown us through it in his most ferociously contemptuous manner. Tolstoy did not waste any sympathy on it: it was to him the house in which Europe was stifling its soul; and he knew that our utter enervation and futilization in that overheated drawingroom atmosphere was delivering the world over to the control of ignorant and soulless cunning and energy, with the frightful consequences which have now overtaken it. Tolstoy was no pessimist: he was not disposed to leave the house standing if he could bring it down about the ears of its pretty and amiable voluptuaries; and he wielded the pickaxe with a will. He treated the case of the inmates as one of opium poisoning, to be dealt with by seizing the patients roughly and exercising them violently until they were broad awake. Tchekov, more of a fatalist, had no faith in these charming people extricating themselves. They would, he thought, be sold up and sent adrift by the bailiffs; and he therefore had no scruple in exploiting and even flattering their charm.

 The Inhabitants Tchekov's plays, being less lucrative than swings and roundabouts, got no further in England, where theatres are only ordinary commercial affairs, than a couple of performances by the Stage Society. We stared and said, "How Russian!" They did not strike me in that way. Just as Ibsen's intensely Norwegian plays exactly fitted every middle and professional class suburb in Europe, these intensely Russian plays fitted all the country houses in Europe in which the pleasures of music, art, literature, and the theatre had supplanted hunting, shooting, fishing, flirting, eating, and drinking. The same nice people, the same utter futility. The nice people could read; some of them could write; and they were the sole repositories of culture who had social opportunities of contact with our politicians, administrators, and newspaper proprietors, or any chance of sharing or influencing their activities. But they shrank from that contact. They hated politics. They did not wish to realize Utopia for the common people: they wished to realize their favorite fictions and poems in their own lives; and, when they could, they lived without scruple on incomes which they did nothing to earn. The women in their girlhood made themselves look like variety theatre stars, and settled down later into the types of beauty imagined by the previous generation of painters. They took the only part of our society in which there was leisure for high culture, and made it an economic, political and; as far as practicable, a moral vacuum; and as Nature, abhorring the vacuum, immediately filled it up with sex and with all sorts of refined pleasures, it was a very delightful place at its best for moments of relaxation. In other moments it was disastrous. For prime ministers and their like, it was a veritable Capua.

 Horseback Hall But where were our front benchers to nest if not here? The alternative to Heartbreak House was Horseback Hall, consisting of a prison for horses with an annex for the ladies and gentlemen who rode them, hunted them, talked about them, bought them and sold them, and gave nine-tenths of their lives to them, dividing the other tenth between charity, churchgoing (as a substitute for religion), and conservative electioneering (as a substitute for politics). It is true that the two establishments got mixed at the edges. Exiles from the library, the music room, and the picture gallery would be found languishing among the stables, miserably discontented; and hardy horsewomen who slept at the first chord of Schumann were born, horribly misplaced, into the garden of Klingsor; but sometimes one came upon horsebreakers and heartbreakers who could make the best of both worlds. As a rule, however, the two were apart and knew little of one another; so the prime minister folk had to choose between barbarism and Capua. And of the two atmospheres it is hard to say which was the more fatal to statesmanship.

 Revolution on the Shelf Heartbreak House was quite familiar with revolutionary ideas on paper. It aimed at being advanced and freethinking, and hardly ever went to church or kept the Sabbath except by a little extra fun at weekends. When you spent a Friday to Tuesday in it you found on the shelf in your bedroom not only the books of poets and novelists, but of revolutionary biologists and even economists. Without at least a few plays by myself and Mr Granville Barker, and a few stories by Mr H. G. Wells, Mr Arnold Bennett, and Mr John Galsworthy, the house would have been out of the movement. You would find Blake among the poets, and beside him Bergson, Butler, Scott Haldane, the poems of Meredith and Thomas Hardy, and, generally speaking, all the literary implements for forming the mind of the perfect modern Socialist and Creative Evolutionist. It was a curious experience to spend Sunday in dipping into these books, and the Monday morning to read in the daily paper that the country had just been brought to the verge of anarchy because a new Home Secretary or chief of police without an idea in his head that his great-grandmother might not have had to apologize for, had refused to "recognize" some powerful Trade Union, just as a gondola might refuse to recognize a 20,000-ton liner.

 In short, power and culture were in separate compartments. The barbarians were not only literally in the saddle, but on the front bench in the House of commons, with nobody to correct their incredible ignorance of modern thought and political science but upstarts from the counting-house, who had spent their lives furnishing their pockets instead of their minds.
 Both, however, were practised in dealing with money and with men, as far as acquiring the one and exploiting the other went; and although this is as undesirable an expertness as that of the medieval robber baron, it qualifies men to keep an estate or a business going in its old routine without necessarily understanding it, just as Bond Street tradesmen and domestic servants keep fashionable society going without any instruction in sociology.

 The Cherry Orchard The Heartbreak people neither could nor would do anything of the sort.
 With their heads as full of the Anticipations of Mr H. G. Wells as the heads of our actual rulers were empty even of the anticipations of Erasmus or Sir Thomas More, they refused the drudgery of politics, and would have made a very poor job of it if they had changed their minds. Not that they would have been allowed to meddle anyhow, as only through the accident of being a hereditary peer can anyone in these days of Votes for Everybody get into parliament if handicapped by a serious modern cultural equipment; but if they had, their habit of living in a vacuum would have left them helpless end ineffective in public affairs. Even in private life they were often helpless wasters of their inheritance, like the people in Tchekov's Cherry Orchard. Even those who lived within their incomes were really kept going by their solicitors and agents, being unable to manage an estate or run a business without continual prompting from those who have to learn how to do such things or starve.

 From what is called Democracy no corrective to this state of things could


"Muhkaman" is never found in the Holy Volume. The passage is not a literal quotation, but it evidently alludes to Koran iii. 5: "Huwa'llazí anzalá 'alayka 'l-kitába minhu áyâtun muhkamátun" = He it is who sent down to thee the book, some of whose signs (or versets) are confirmed. The singular "muhkamatun" is applied (xlvii.) to "Súratun," a chapter, and in both places the meaning of "confirmed" is "not abrogated by later revelations." Hence the sequel of my first quotation these portions are called "the mother (i.e.
 groundwork) of the book," and the learned Sayyid is not far from the mark after all.—ST] 66 (return) [ Surah ii. (The Cow) v.
 56, the verse beginning, "Allah! there be no God but He;... His Throne overreacheth the Heavens and the Hearth," etc.]

 67 (return) [ Surah lxxiii. (The Bee) v. 92, ending with, "And he forbiddeth frowardness and wrong-doing and oppression; and He warneth you that haply may ye be warned."]

 68 (return) [ Surah (Meccah) xcix. vv.
 7 and 8: in text "Mithkála Zarratin," which Mr. Rodwell (p. 28) englishes "an atom's weight of good," and adds in a foot-note, "Lit. a single ant."
 Prof. Houdas would render it, Quiconque aura fait la valeur d'un mitskal de millet en fait de bien; but I hardly think that "Zarrah" can mean "Durrah" = millet. "Mithkál" in this context is explained by the commentators by "Wazn" = weight, this being the original meaning of the word which is a nomen instrumenti of the form "Mif'ál," denoting "that by which the gravity of bodies is ascertained." Later on it became the well-known technical term for a particular weight. "Zarrah," according to some glossarists, is the noun of unity of "Zarr," the young ones of the ant, an antlet, which is said to weigh the twelfth part of a "Kitmír" = pedicle of the date-fruit, or the hundredth part of a grain of barley, or to have no weight at all. Hence "Mukhkh al-Zarr," the brains of the antlet, means a thing that does not exist or is impossible to be found.
 According to others, "Zarrah" is a particle of al-Habá, i.e. of the motes that are seen dancing in the sunlight, called "Sonnenstäubchen" in German, and "atomo solare" in Italian. Koran xxi. 48 and xxxi. 15 we find the expression "Mithkála Habbatin min Khardalin" = of the weight of a mustard-seed, used in a similar sense with the present quotation.—ST] 69 (return) [ Surah lxx. 38, Mr.
 Rodwell (p. 60) translates, "Is it that every man of them would fain enter the Garden of Delights?"]

 70 (return) [ Surah xxxix. 54: they sinned by becoming apostates from Al-Islam. The verset ends, "Verily all sins doth Allah forgive: aye, Gracious, and Merciful is He."]

 71 (return) [ Surah ii. 159; the quotation in the MS. is cut short.]

 72 (return) [ Surah ii. 107; the end of the verse is, "Yet both are readers of the Book. So with like words say they (the pagan Arabs) who have no knowledge."]

 73 (return) [ Surah li. (The Scattering), v. 56.]

 74 (return) [ Surah ii. v. 30.]

 75 (return) [ Surah xl. (The Believer), v. 78. In the text it is fragmentary. I do not see why Mr. Rodwell founds upon this verset a charge against the Prophet of ignorance concerning Jewish history: Mohammed seems to have followed the Talmud and tradition rather than the Holy Writ of the Hebrews.]

 76 (return) [ Surah (The Believers) lxiv. 108.]

 77 (return) [ Surah xxxv. (The Creator or the Angels), v. 31: The sentence concludes in v. 32, "Who of His bounty hath placed us in a Mansion that shall abide for ever, therein no evil shall reach us, and therein no weariness shall touch us."]

 78 (return) [ Surah ("Sad") lix. 54; Iblis, like Satan in the Book of Job, is engaged in dialogue with the Almighty. I may here note that Scott (p. 265) has partially translated these Koranic quotations, but he has given only one reference.]

 79 (return) [ In text "Aná min ahli zálika," of which the vulgar equivalent would be "Kizí" (for "Kazálika," "Kazá") = so (it is)!]

 80 (return) [ i.e. On an empty stomach, to "open the spittle" is = to break the fast. Sir Wm. Gull in his evidence before a committee of the House of Commons deposed that after severe labor he found a bunch of dried raisins as efficacious a "pick-me-up" as a glass of stimulants. The value of dried grapes to the Alpinist is well known.]

 81 (return) [ Arab. "Al-Kadíd" = jerked (charqui = chaire cuite) meat-flesh smoked, or (mostly) sun-dried.]

 82 (return) [ I have noticed (i. 345) one of the blunders in our last unfortunate occupation of Egypt where our soldiers died uselessly of dysenteric disease because they were rationed with heating beef instead of digestible mutton.]

 83 (return) [ Arab. "Al-Marham al-akbar."]

 84 (return) [ In the text: "Al-Kisrat al-yábisah 'alà 'l-Rík fa-innahá tukhlik jamí'a má 'alà fum al-mádah min al-balgham," of which I cannot make anything but: a slice of dry bread (kisrah = piece of bread) on the spittle (i.e. to break the fast), for it absorbs (lit. uses up, fourth form of "khalik" = to be worn out) all that there may be of phlegm on the mouth of the stomach. Can it be that the dish "Khushk-nán" (Pers. = dry-bread) is meant, of which the village clown in one of Spitta Bey's tales, when he was treated to it by Harun al-Rashid thought it must be the "Hammám," because he had heard his grandmother say, that the Hammám (bath) is the most delightful thing in the world?ST] 85 (return) [ The stomach has two mouths, sophagic above (which is here alluded to) and pyloric below.]

 86 (return) [ Arab. "'Irk al-Unsá" = chordæ testiculorum, in Engl. simply the cord.]

 87 (return) [ The "'Ajúz" is a woman who ceases to have her monthly


on," said the Vicomtesse de Portenduere this winter—having nursed him herself during his illness. "The whole canton came to his funeral. Nemours is very fortunate, however, for the successor of that dear saint is the venerable cure of Saint-Lange." ADDENDUM The following personages appear in other stories of the Human Comedy.


the Honeysuckle family of plants (Caprifoliacæ.

 Cap"ri*form (?), a. [L. caper goat + -form.] Having the form of a goat.

 Ca*prig"e*nous (?), a. [L. caprigenus; caper goat + gegnere to produce.] Of the goat kind.

 Cap"rine (?), a. [L. caprinus.] Of or pertaining to a goat; as, caprine gambols.

 Cap"ri*ole (?), n. [F. capriole, cabriole, It. capriola, fr. L. caper goat. Cf. Caper, v. i. Cabriole, Caprice, Cheveril.] 1. (Man.) A leap that a horse makes with all fours, upwards only, without advancing, but with a kick or jerk of the hind legs when at the height of the leap.

2. A leap or caper, as in dancing. "With lofty turns and caprioles."
 Sir J. Davies.
 Cap"ri*ole, v. i. To perform a capriole. Carlyle.
 Cap"ri*ped (?), a. [L. capripers; caper goat + pes pedis, foot.] Having feet like those of a goat.

 Cap"ro*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of caproic acid.

 Ca*pro"ic (?), a. (Chem.) See under Capric.

 Cap"ry*late (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of caprylic acid.

 Ca*pryl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) See under Capric.

 Cap*sa"i*cin (?), n. [From Capsicum.] (Chem.) A colorless crystalline substance extracted from the Capsicum annuum, and giving off vapors of intense acridity.

 Cap"sheaf' (?), n. The top sheaf of a stack of grain: (fig.) the crowning or finishing part of a thing.

 Cap"si*cin (?), n. [From Capsicum.] (Chem.) A red liquid or soft resin extracted from various species of capsicum.

 Cap"si*cine (?), n. [From Capsicum.] (Chem.) A volatile alkaloid extracted from Capsicum annuum or from capsicin.

 Cap"si*cum (kp"s*km), n. [NL., fr. L. capsa box, chest.] (Bot.)
 A genus of plants of many species, producing capsules or dry berries of various forms, which have an exceedingly pungent, biting taste, and when ground form the red or Cayenne pepper of commerce. [1913 Webster] The most important species are Capsicum baccatum or bird pepper, C. fastigiatum or chili pepper, C. frutescens or spur pepper, and C. annuum or Guinea pepper, which includes the bell pepper and other common garden varieties. The fruit is much used, both in its green and ripe state, in pickles and in cookery. See Cayenne pepper. [1913 Webster] Cap*size" (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Capsized (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Capsizing.] [Cf. Sp. cabecear to nod, pitch, capuzar, chapuzar, to sink (a vessel) by the head; both fr. L. caput head.] To upset or overturn, as a vessel or other body.

 But what if carrying sail capsize the boat? Byron.
 Cap"size' (?), n. An upset or overturn.

 Cap"*square (?), n. (Gun.) A metal covering plate which passes over the trunnions of a cannon, and holds it in place.

 Cap"stan (?), n. [F. cabestan, fr. Sp. cabestrante, cabrestante, fr. cabestrar to bind with a halter, fr. cabestrohalter, fr. L. capistrum halter, fr. capere to hold (see Capacious); or perh. the Spanish is fr. L. caper goat + stans, p. pr. of stare to stand; cf. F. chèvre she-goat, also a machine for raising heavy weights.] A vertical cleated drum or cylinder, revolving on an upright spindle, and surmounted by a drumhead with sockets for bars or levers. It is much used, especially on shipboard, for moving or raising heavy weights or exerting great power by traction upon a rope or cable, passing around the drum. It is operated either by steam power or by a number of men walking around the capstan, each pushing on the end of a lever fixed in its socket. [Sometimes spelt Capstern, but improperly.]

Capstan bar, one of the long bars or levers by which the capstan is worked; a handspike.. -- To pawl the capstan, to drop the pawls so that they will catch in the notches of the pawl ring, and prevent the capstan from turning back. -- To rig the capstan, to prepare the for use, by putting the bars in the sockets. -- To surge the capstan, to slack the tension of the rope or cable wound around it.

 Cap"stone' (?), n. (Paleon.) A fossil echinus of the genus Cannulus; -- so called from its supposed resemblance to a cap.

 { Cap"su*lar (?), Cap"su*la*ry (?), } a. [Cf. F. capsulaire.]
 Of or pertaining to a capsule; having the nature of a capsule; hollow and fibrous.

Capsular ligament (Anat.), a ligamentous bag or capsule surrounding many movable joints in the skeleton.

 { Cap"su*late (?), Cap"su*la'ted (?), } a. Inclosed in a capsule, or as in a chest or box.

 Cap"sule (?), n. [L. capsula a little box or chest, fr. capsa chest, case, fr. capere to take, contain: cf. F. capsule.]
 1. (Bot.) a dry fruit or pod which is made up of several parts or carpels, and opens to discharge the seeds, as, the capsule of the poppy, the flax, the lily, etc.

2. (Chem.) (a) A small saucer of clay for roasting or melting samples of ores, etc.; a scorifier. (b) a small, shallow, evaporating dish, usually of porcelain.

3. (Med.) A small cylindrical or spherical gelatinous envelope in which nauseous or acrid doses are inclosed to be swallowed.

4. (Anat.) A membranous sac containing fluid, or investing an organ or joint; as, the capsule of the lens of the eye. Also, a capsulelike organ.

5. A metallic seal or cover for closing a bottle.

6. A small cup or shell, as of metal, for a percussion cap, cartridge, etc.

Atrabiliary capsule. See under Atrabiliary. -- Glisson's capsule, a membranous envelope, entering the liver along with the portal vessels and insheathing the latter in their course through the organ. -- Suprarenal capsule, an organ of unknown function, above or in front of each kidney.

 Cap"tain (kp"tn), n. [OE. capitain, captain, OF. capitain, F. capitaine (cf. Sp. capitan, It. capitano), LL. capitaneus, capitanus, fr. L. caput the head. See under Chief, and cf.
 Chieftain.] 1. A head, or chief officer; as: (a) The military officer who commands a company, troop, or battery, or who has the rank entitling him to do so though he may be employed on other service. (b) An officer in the United States navy


or inhabitant of Silesia.

 Si"lex (?), n. [L., a finit, a pebblestone.] (Min.) Silica, SiO2 as found in nature, constituting quarz, and most sands and sandstones. See Silica, and Silicic.

 Sil'hou*ette" (?), n. [F.; -- so called from Etienne de Silhoutte, a French minister of finance in 1759, whise diversion it was to make such portraits on the walls of his apartments.] A representation of the outlines of an object filled in with a black color; a profile portrait in black, such as a shadow appears to be.

 Sil'hou*ette", v. t. To represent by a silhouette; to project upon a background, so as to be like a silhouette. [Recent] A flock of roasting vultures silhouetted on the sky.

The Century.
 Sil"i*ca (?), n. [NL., from L. silex, silics, a flint.] (Chem.) Silicon dioxide, SiO&?;. It constitutes ordinary quartz (also opal and tridymite), and is artifically prepared as a very fine, white, tasteless, inodorous powder.

 Sil"i*cate (?), n.[Cf. F. silicate.] (Chem.) A salt of silicic acid.

 In mineralogical chemistry the silicates include; the unisilicates or orthosilicates, salts of orthosilicic acid; the bisilicates or metasilicates, salts of metasilicic acid; the polysilicates or acid silicates, salts of the polysilicic acids; the basic silicates or subsilicates, in which the equivalent of base is greater than would be required to neutralize the acid; and the hydrous silicates, including the zeolites and many hydrated decomposition products.

 Sil"i*ca'ted (?), a. (Chem.) Combined or impregnated with silicon or silica; as, silicated hydrogen; silicated rocks.

Silicated soap, a hard soap containing silicate of soda.

 Sil'i*ca*ti*za"tion (?), n. Silicification.

 ||Si*lic"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) Same as Silicoidea.

 Si*li"ceous (?), a. [L. siliceus, fr. silex, silicis, a flint.] Of or pertaining to silica; containing silica, or partaking of its nature. [Written also silisious.]

 Si*lic"ic (?), a. [L. silex, silicis, a flint: cf. F.
 silicique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, silica; specifically, designating compounds of silicon; as, silicic acid.

Silicic acid (Chem.), an amorphous gelatinous substance, Si(HO)4, very unstable and easily dried to silica, but forming many stable salts; -- called also orthosilicic, or normal silicic, acid.

 Si*lic'i*cal*ca"re*ous (?), a. Consisting of silica and calcareous matter.

 Sil"i*cide (?), n. (Chem.) A binary compound of silicon, or one regarded as binary. [R.]

Hydrogen silicide (Chem.), a colorless, spontaneously inflammable gas, SiH4, produced artifically from silicon, and analogous to methane; -- called also silico-methane, silicon hydride, and formerly siliciureted hydrogen.

 Sil'i*cif"er*ous (?), a. [L. silex, silicis, a flint + -ferous.] Producing silica; united with silica.

 Si*lic'i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [See Silicify.] (Chem.) Thae act or process of combining or impregnating with silicon or silica; the state of being so combined or impregnated; as, the silicification of wood.

 Si*lic"i*fied (?), a. (Chem.) Combined or impregnated with silicon or silica, especially the latter; as, silicified wood.

 Si*lic"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Silicified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Silicifying (?).] [L. silex, silicis, a flint + -fy: cf. F. silicifier.] (Chem.) To convert into, or to impregnate with, silica, or with the compounds of silicon.

 The specimens found... are completely silicified.

Say.
 The silica may take the form of agate, chalcedony, flint, hornstone, or crystalline quartz.

 Si*lic"i*fy, v. i. To become converted into silica, or to be impregnated with silica.

 ||Sil'i*ci*oi"de*a (?), n. pl. (Zoöl.) Same as Silicoidea.

 Si*li"cious (?), a. See Siliceous.

 ||Sil'i*ci*spon"gi*æ (?), n. pl. [NL. See Silex, and Sponge.]
 (Zoöl.) Same as Silicoidea.

 Si*lic"it*ed (?), a. Silicified. [Obs.]

 Si*lic"i*um (?), n. See Silicon.

 Si*lic"i*u*ret'ed (?), a. [Written also siliciuretted.] (Old.
 Chem.) Combined or impregnated with silicon. [Obsoles.]

Siliciureted hydrogen. (Chem.) Hydrogen silicide. [Obs.]

 Sil"i*cle (?), n. [L. silicula, dim. of siliqua a pod or husk: cf. F. silicule.] (Bot.) A seed vessel resembling a silique, but about as broad as it is long. See Silique.

 Sil"i*co- (?). (Chem.) A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting the presence of silicon or its compounds; as, silicobenzoic, silicofluoride, etc.

 Sil'i*co*flu*or"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Containing, or composed of, silicon and fluorine; especially, denoting the compounds called silicofluorides.

Silicofluoric acid (Chem.), a compound of hydrofluoric acid and silicon fluoride, known only in watery solution. It is produced by the action of silicon fluoride on water, and is regarded as an acid, H2SiF6, and the type and origin of the silicofluorides.

 Sil'i*co*flu"or*ide (?), n. (Chem.) A fluosilicate; a salt of silicofluoric acid.

 ||Sil'i*coi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Silex, and -oid.] (Zoöl.)
 An extensive order of Porifera, which includes those that have the skeleton composed mainly of siliceous fibers or spicules.

 Sil"i*con (?), n. [See Silica.] (Chem.) A nonmetalic element analogous to carbon. It always occurs combined in nature, and is artificially obtained in the free state, usually as a dark brown amorphous powder, or as a dark crystalline substance with a meetallic luster. Its oxide is silica, or common quartz, and in this form, or as silicates, it is, next to oxygen, the most abundant element of the earth's crust.
 Silicon is characteristically the element of the mineral kingdom, as carbon is of the organic world. Symbol Si. Atomic weight 28. Called also silicium.

 Sil'i*co*tung"stic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, any one of a series of double acids of silicon and tungsten, known in the free state, and also in their salts (called silicotungstates).

 ||Si*lic"u*la (?), n. [L.] (Bot.) A silicle.

 Sil"i*cule (?), n. (Bot.)


the essence of a species; the characteristic attribute of a species; specific difference.

 Dif'fer*en"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. différentiel.] 1.
 Relating to or indicating a difference; creating a difference; discriminating; special; as, differential characteristics; differential duties; a differential rate.

 For whom he produced differential favors.

Motley.
2. (Math.) Of or pertaining to a differential, or to differentials.

3. (Mech.) Relating to differences of motion or leverage; producing effects by such differences; said of mechanism.

Differential calculus. (Math.) See under Calculus. -- Differential coefficient, the limit of the ratio of the increment of a function of a variable to the increment of the variable itself, when these increments are made indefinitely small. -- Differential coupling, a form of slip coupling used in light machinery to regulate at pleasure the velocity of the connected shaft. -- Differential duties (Polit. Econ.), duties which are not imposed equally upon the same products imported from different countries. -- Differential galvanometer (Elec.), a galvanometer having two coils or circuits, usually equal, through which currents passing in opposite directions are measured by the difference of their effect upon the needle. -- Differential gearing, a train of toothed wheels, usually an epicyclic train, so arranged as to constitute a differential motion. -- Differential motion, a mechanism in which a simple differential combination produces such a change of motion or force as would, with ordinary compound arrangements, require a considerable train of parts. It is used for overcoming great resistance or producing very slow or very rapid motion. -- Differential pulley.
 (Mach.) (a) A portable hoisting apparatus, the same in principle as the differential windlass. (b) A hoisting pulley to which power is applied through a differential gearing. -- Differential screw, a compound screw by which a motion is produced equal to the difference of the motions of the component screws. -- Differential thermometer, a thermometer usually with a U-shaped tube terminating in two air bulbs, and containing a colored liquid, used for indicating the difference between the temperatures to which the two bulbs are exposed, by the change of position of the colored fluid, in consequence of the different expansions of the air in the bulbs. A graduated scale is attached to one leg of the tube. -- Differential windlass, or Chinese windlass, a windlass whose barrel has two parts of different diameters. The hoisting rope winds upon one part as it unwinds from the other, and a pulley sustaining the weight to be lifted hangs in the bight of the rope. It is an ancient example of a differential motion.

 Dif'fer*en"tial, n. 1. (Math.) An increment, usually an indefinitely small one, which is given to a variable quantity.

 According to the more modern writers upon the differential and integral calculus, if two or more quantities are dependent on each other, and subject to increments of value, their differentials need not be small, but are any quantities whose ratios to each other are the limits to which the ratios of the increments approximate, as these increments are reduced nearer and nearer to zero.

2. A small difference in rates which competing railroad lines, in establishing a common tariff, allow one of their number to make, in order to get a fair share of the business. The lower rate is called a differential rate. Differentials are also sometimes granted to cities.

3. (Elec.) (a) One of two coils of conducting wire so related to one another or to a magnet or armature common to both, that one coil produces polar action contrary to that of the other. (b) A form of conductor used for dividing and distributing the current to a series of electric lamps so as to maintain equal action in all. Knight.
Partial differential (Math.), the differential of a function of two or more variables, when only one of the variables receives an increment. -- Total differential (Math.), the differential of a function of two or more variables, when each of the variables receives an increment. The total differential of the function is the sum of all the partial differentials.

 Dif'fer*en"tial*ly (?), adv. In the way of differentiation.

 Dif'fer*en"ti*ate (?), v. t. 1. To distinguish or mark by a specific difference; to effect a difference in, as regards classification; to develop differential characteristics in; to specialize; to desynonymize.

 The word then was differentiated into the two forms then and than.

Earle.
 Two or more of the forms assumed by the same original word become differentiated in signification.

Dr. Murray.
2. To express the specific difference of; to describe the properties of (a thing) whereby it is differenced from another of the same class; to discriminate. Earle.
3. (Math.) To obtain the differential, or differential coefficient, of; as, to differentiate an algebraic expression, or an equation.

 Dif'fer*en"ti*ate, v. i. (Biol.) To acquire a distinct and separate character. Huxley.
 Dif'fer*en'ti*a"tion (?), n. 1. The act of differentiating.

 Further investigation of the Sanskrit may lead to differentiation of the meaning of such of these roots as are real roots.

J. Peile.
2. (Logic) The act of distinguishing or describing a thing, by giving its different, or specific difference; exact definition or determination.

3. (Biol.) The gradual formation or production of organs or parts by a process of evolution or development, as when the seed develops the root and the stem, the initial stem develops the leaf, branches, and flower buds; or in animal life, when the germ evolves the digestive and other organs and members, or when the animals as they advance in organization acquire special organs for specific purposes.

4. (Metaph.) The supposed act or tendency in being of every kind, whether organic or inorganic, to assume or produce a more complex structure or functions.

 Dif'fer*en"ti*a'tor (?), n. One who, or that which, differentiates.

 Dif"fer*ent*ly (?), adv. In a different manner; variously.

 Dif"fer*ing*ly, adv. In a differing or different manner. Boyle.
 Dif"fi*cile (?), a. [L. difficilis: cf. F. difficile.
 See Difficult.] Difficult; hard to manage; stubborn. [Obs.] -- Dif"fi*cile*ness, n. [Obs.] Bacon.
 Dif'fi*cil"i*tate (?), v. t. To make difficult. [Obs.] W. Montagu.
 Dif"fi*cult (?), a. [From Difficulty.] 1. Hard to do or to make; beset with difficulty; attended with labor, trouble, or pains; not easy; arduous.

Difficult implies the notion that considerable mental effort or skill is required, or that obstacles are to be overcome which call for sagacity and skill in the agent; as, a difficult task; hard work is not always difficult work; a difficult operation in surgery; a difficult passage in an author.

 There is not the strength or courage left me to venture into the wide, strange, and difficult world, alone.

Hawthorne.
2. Hard to manage or to please; not easily wrought upon; austere; stubborn; as, a difficult person.

Syn. -- Arduous; painful; crabbed; perplexed; laborious; unaccommodating; troublesome. See Arduous.

 Dif"fi*cult, v. t. To render difficult; to impede; to perplex. [R.]
 Sir W. Temple.
 Dif"fi*cult*ate (?), v. t. To render difficult; to difficilitate.
 [Obs.] Cotgrave.
 Dif"fi*cult*ly, adv. With difficulty.


eyyareh. See ante, l.c. The etymology of this word is probably [caah] teyyareh, "a flying [saloon]."]

 509 (return) [ Shebabik, pl. of shubbak; see ante, l.c.]

 510 (return) [ Sheari, see ante, l.c.]

 511 (return) [ Shubbak.]

 512 (return) [ Night DLXX.]

 513 (return) [ Lit. "kiosk" (kushk); see ante, p. 175, note 4.{see FN#480}] 514 (return) [ Ma lehiket el muallimin (objective for nom. muallimoun, as usual in this text) an.]

 515 (return) [ Yebca lika dhikra.
 Burton, "So shall thy memory endure."]

 516 (return) [ Lit. "kiosk."]

 517 (return) [? (teba'kh).]

 518 (return) [ Or "melodious."]

 519 (return) [ El kelb el hhezin.]

 520 (return) [ i.e. "might not avail unto."]

 521 (return) [ Muhlivat, as before; see ante. p. 183, note 2. {see FN#493}] 522 (return) [ Szeraya.]

 523 (return) [ Night DLXXI.]

 524 (return) [ Sheriyyetu 'l kushk.]

 525 (return) [ Lit. "the lattice of the kiosk which (i.e. the lattice) is lacking or imperfect." The adjective (nakiszeh) is put in the feminine, to agree with "lattice" (sheriyyeh), which is femminine, kiosk (kushk) being masculine.]

 526 (return) [ Kushk.]

 527 (return) [ She"rihi.]

 528 (return) [ Et tewashiyy, a term here used for the first time in the present text, where we generally find the Turkish Aga in this sense.]

 529 (return) [ Night DLXXII.]

 530 (return) [ Lit. "kiosk" (kushk).]

 531 (return) [ Fi szerayyetika.]

 532 (return) [ Szeraya.]

 533 (return) [ Lit. "that I was not lacking in ableness to complete it."]

 534 (return) [ Kushk, here used in sense of "belvedere."]

 535 (return) [ Or "upper chamber" (keszr).]

 536 (return) [ Kushk. From this passage it would seem as if the belvedere actually projected from the side of the upper story or soler (keszr), instead of being built on the roof, lantern-wise, or being (as would appear from earlier passages) identical with the hall itself, but the whole description is as before remarked. so full of incoherence and confusion of terms that it is impossible to reconcile its inconsistencies.]

 537 (return) [ Lit. "a brother resembling thee."]

 538 (return) [ Lit. "he increased (or exceeded) in the salaries (or allowances) of the poor and the indigent" (zada fi jewanicki 'l fukera wa 'l mesakin). Jewamek is an Arabicized Persian word, here signifying systematic or regular almsgivings.]

 539 (return) [ Kull muddeh.]

 540 (return) [ Labu 'l andab, lit.
 "arrow-play."]

 541 (return) [ Night DLXXIII.]

 542 (return) [ Szerayeh.]

 543 (return) [ Keszr.]

 544 (return) [ Burton adds, "and confections."]

 545 (return) [ Lit. "he set them down the stablest or skilfullest (mustehhkem) setting down."]

 546 (return) [ Hherrem, i.e. arranged them, according to the rules of the geomantic art.]

 547 (return) [ Netsera jeyyidan fi.
 Burton, "He firmly established the sequence of."]

 548 (return) [ Technical names of the primary and secondary figures. The following account of the geomantic process, as described by Arabic writers de re magicf, is mainly derived from the Mukeddimat or Prolegomena of Abdurrehman ibn Aboubekr Mohammed (better known as Ibn Khaldoun) to his great work of universal history.
 Those (says he) who seek to discover hidden things and know the future have invented an art which they call tracing or smiting the sand; to wit, they take paper or sand or flour and trace thereon at hazard four rows of points, which operation, three times repeated (i.e. four times performed), gives sixteen rows. These points they eliminate two by two, all but the last (if the number of the points of a row be odd) or the last two (if it be even) of each row, by which means they obtain sixteen points, single or double. These they divide into four figures, each representing the residual points of four lines, set one under another, and these four figures, which are called the mothers or primaries, they place side by side in one line. From these primaries they extract four fresh figures by confronting each point with the corresponding point in the next figure, and counting for each pair a single or double point, according to one of two rules, i.e. (1) setting down a single point for each single point being on the same line with another point, whether single or double, and a double point for. each pair of double points in line with each other, or (2) reckoning a double point for each pair of like points (single or double), corresponding one with another on the same line' and a single point for each, unlike pair. These new figures (as well as those that follow) are called the daughters or secondaries and are placed beside the primaries, by confrontation with which (i,e, 5 with 1, 6 with 2, 7 with 3 and with 4) four fresh figures are obtained after the same fashion and placed side by side below the first eight. From this second row a thirteenth and fourteenth figure are obtained in the same way (confronting 9 with lo and 1 l with 12) and placed beneath them, as a third row. The two new figures, confronted with each other, in like manner, furnish a fifteenth figure, which, being confronted with the first of the primaries, gives a sixteenth and last figure, completing the series. Then (says our author), the geomant proceeds to examine the sixteen figures thus obtained (each of which has its name and its mansion, corresponding to one of the twelve signs of the zodiac or the four cardinal points, as well as its signification, good or bad, and indicates also, in a special way, a certain part of the elemental world) and to note each figure according to its presage of weal or ill; and so, with the aid of an astrological table giving the explanations of the various signs and combinations, according to the nature of the figure, its aspect, influence and temperament (astrologically considered) and the natural object it indicates, a judgment is formed upon the question for a solution of which the operation was undertaken. I may add that the board or table of sand (tekht reml), so frequently mentioned in the Nights, is a shallow box filled with fine sand, carefully levelled, on which the points of the geomantic operation are made with a style of wood or metal. (The name tekht reml is however now commonly applied to a mere board or tablet of wood on which the necessary dots are made with ink or chalk. ) The following scheme of a geomantic operation will show the application of the above rules.
 Supposing the first haphazard dotting