expanse of water, or the like. "The two beautiful sheets of water." Macaulay. (f) A sail. Dryden. (g) (Geol.)
 An extensive bed of an eruptive rock intruded between, or overlying, other strata.

2. [AS. sceáta. See the Etymology above.] (Naut.)
(a) A rope or chain which regulates the angle of adjustment of a sail in relation in relation to the wind; -- usually attached to the lower corner of a sail, or to a yard or a boom. (b) pl. The space in the forward or the after part of a boat where there are no rowers; as, fore sheets; stern sheets.

Sheet is often used adjectively, or in combination, to denote that the substance to the name of which it is prefixed is in the form of sheets, or thin plates or leaves; as, sheet brass, or sheet-brass; sheet glass, or sheet-glass; sheet gold, or sheet-gold; sheet iron, or sheetiron, etc.

A sheet in the wind, half drunk. [Sailors' Slang] -- Both sheets in the wind, very drunk. [Sailors' Slang] -- In sheets, lying flat or expanded; not folded, or folded but not bound; -- said especially of printed sheets. -- Sheet bend (Naut.), a bend or hitch used for temporarily fastening a rope to the bight of another rope or to an eye. -- Sheet lightning, Sheet piling, etc. See under Lightning, Piling, etc.

 Sheet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sheeted; p. pr. & vb.
 n. Sheeting.] 1. To furnish with a sheet or sheets; to wrap in, or cover with, a sheet, or as with a sheet. "The sheeted dead."
 "When snow the pasture sheets." Shak.
 2. To expand, as a sheet.

 The star shot flew from the welkin blue, As it fell from the sheeted sky.

J. R. Drake.
To sheet home (Naut.), to haul upon a sheet until the sail is as flat, and the clew as near the wind, as possible.

 Sheet" an"chor (?). [OE. scheten to shoot, AS. sceótan; cf. OE. shoot anchor. See Shoot, v. t.] 1. (Naut.)
 A large anchor stowed on shores outside the waist of a vessel; -- called also waist anchor. See the Note under Anchor.

2. Anything regarded as a sure support or dependence in danger; the best hope or refuge.

 Sheet" ca"ble (?). (Naut.) The cable belonging to the sheet anchor.

 Sheet" chain" (?). (Naut.) A chain sheet cable.

 Sheet"ful (?), n.; pl. Sheetfuls (&?;). Enough to fill a sheet; as much as a sheet can hold.

 Sheet"ing, n. 1. Cotton or linen cloth suitable for bed sheets. It is sometimes made of double width.

2. (Hydraul. Engin.) A lining of planks or boards (rarely of metal) for protecting an embankment.

3. The act or process of forming into sheets, or flat pieces; also, material made into sheets.

 ||Sheik (?), n. [Ar. sheikh, shaykh, a venerable old man, a chief, fr. shkha to grow or be old.] The head of an Arab family, or of a clan or a tribe; also, the chief magistrate of an Arab village. The name is also applied to Mohammedan ecclesiastics of a high grade. [Written also scheik, shaik, sheikh.]

 { Sheil (shl), Sheil"ing, } n. See Sheeling.

 Shek"el (?), n. [Heb. shegel, fr. shgal to weigh.] 1.
 An ancient weight and coin used by the Jews and by other nations of the same stock.

 A common estimate makes the shekel equal in weight to about 130 grains for gold, 224 grains for silver, and 450 grains for copper, and the approximate values of the coins are (gold) $5.00, (silver) 60 cents, and (copper half shekel), one and one half cents.

2. pl. A jocose term for money.

 She*ki"nah (?), n. [Heb Talmud sheknh, fr. shkan to inhabit.] The visible majesty of the Divine Presence, especially when resting or dwelling between the cherubim on the mercy seat, in the Tabernacle, or in the Temple of Solomon; -- a term used in the Targums and by the later Jews, and adopted by Christians. [Written also Shechinah.]
 Dr. W. Smith (Bib. Dict.)
 Sheld (?), a. [OE., fr. sheld a shield, probably in allusion to the ornamentation of shields. See Shield.] Variegated; spotted; speckled; piebald. [Prov. Eng.]

 { Sheld"a*fle (?), Sheld"a*ple (?), } n. [Perhaps for sheld dapple. Cf. Sheldrake.] (Zoöl.) A chaffinch. [Written also sheldapple, and shellapple.]

 Sheld"fowl' (?), n. (Zoöl.) The common sheldrake.
 [Prov. Eng.]

 Shel"drake' (?), n. [Sheld + drake.] 1. (Zoöl.)
 Any one of several species of large Old World ducks of the genus Tadorna and allied genera, especially the European and Asiatic species. (T. cornuta, or tadorna), which somewhat resembles a goose in form and habit, but breeds in burrows.

 It has the head and neck greenish black, the breast, sides, and forward part of the back brown, the shoulders and middle of belly black, the speculum green, and the bill and frontal bright red. Called also shelduck, shellduck, sheldfowl, skeelduck, bergander, burrow duck, and links goose.

 The Australian sheldrake (Tadorna radja) has the head, neck, breast, flanks, and wing coverts white, the upper part of the back and a band on the breast deep chestnut, and the back and tail black. The chestnut sheldrake of Australia (Casarca tadornoides) is varied with black and chestnut, and has a dark green head and neck. The ruddy sheldrake, or Braminy duck (C. rutila), and the white-winged sheldrake (C. leucoptera), are related Asiatic species.

2. Any one of the American mergansers.

 The name is also loosely applied to other ducks, as the canvasback, and the shoveler.

 Shel"duck' (?), n. [Sheld variegated + duck.] (Zoöl.)
 The sheldrake. [Written also shellduck.]

 Shelf (?), n.; pl. Shelves (#). [OE. shelfe, schelfe, AS. scylfe; akin to G. schelfe, Icel. skjlf.
 In senses 2 & 3, perhaps a different word (cf. Shelve, v. i.).]
 1. (Arch.) A flat tablet or ledge of any material set horizontally at a distance from the floor, to hold objects of use or ornament.

2. A sand bank in the sea, or a rock, or ledge of rocks, rendering the water shallow, and dangerous to ships.

 On the tawny sands and shelves.

Milton.
 On the secret shelves with fury cast.

Dryden.
3. (Mining) A stratum lying in a very even manner; a flat, projecting layer of rock.

4. (Naut.) A piece of timber running the whole length of a vessel inside the timberheads. D. Kemp.
To lay on the shelf, to lay aside as unnecessary or useless; to dismiss; to discard.

 Shelf"y (?), a. 1. Abounding in shelves; full of dangerous shallows. "A shelfy coast." Dryden.
2. Full of strata of rock.


Strab. xv. 3, § 22.]

 930 (return) [ Minnith appears as an Ammonite city in the history of Jephthah (Judg. xi. 33).]

 931 (return) [ Herod. ii. 37, 182; iii. 47.]

 932 (return) [ See Rawlinson's Herodotus, ii. 157; History of Ancient Egypt, i. 509; Rosellini, Mon.
 Civili, pls. 107-109.]

 933 (return) [ See Herod. iii. 107; History of Ancient Egypt, ii. 222-224.]

 934 (return) [ That these were Arabian products appears from Herod. iii. 111, 112. They may be included in the "chief of all spices," which Tyre obtained from the merchants of Sheba and Raamah (Ezek. xxvii. 22).]

 935 (return) [ Arabia has no ebony trees, and can never have produced elephants.]

 936 (return) [ See Ezek. xxvii. 23, 24. Canneh and Chilmad were probably Babylonian towns.]

 937 (return) [ Upper Mesopotamia is indicated by one of its chief cities, Haran (Ezek. xxvii. 23).]

 938 (return) [ Ezek. xxvii. 6. Many objects in ivory have been found in Cyprus.]

 939 (return) [ Ibid. verse 7. The Murex brandaris is still abundant on the coast of Attica, and off the island of Salamis (Perrot et Chipiez, Hist. de l'Art, iii. 881).]

 940 (return) [ Strab. iii. 2, § 8-12; Diod. Sic. v. 36; Plin. H. N. iii. 3.]

 941 (return) [ See Gen. xxxvii. 28.]

 942 (return) [ Isaiah xxi. 13.]

 943 (return) [ Ibid. lx. 6.]

 944 (return) [ Ibid. verses 6, 7.]

 945 (return) [ Heeren, Asiatic Nations, ii. 93, 100, 101.]

 946 (return) [ 1 Kings v. 11; 2 Chr.
 ii. 10.]

 947 (return) [ Ezek. xxvii. 17.]

 948 (return) [ Ezra iii. 7.]

 949 (return) [ Acts xii. 20.]

 950 (return) [ 2 Chron. l.s.c.; Ezra l.s.c.; Ezek. xxvii. 6, 17.]

 951 (return) [ Ezek. l.s.c.]

 952 (return) [ Gen. xxxvii. 28.]

 953 (return) [ Strab. xvi. 2, § 41.]

 954 (return) [ Ezek. xxvii. 18.]

 955 (return) [ Strab. xv. 3, § 22.]

 956 (return) [ So Heeren (As. Nat.
 ii. 118). But there is a Helbon a little to the north of Damascus, which is more probably intended.]

 957 (return) [ Ibid.]

 958 (return) [ See Amos, iii. 12, where some translate "the children of Israel that dwell in Samaria in the corner of a bed, and upon a damask couch."] 959 (return) [ Ezek. xxvii. 16.]

 960 (return) [ The Hebrew terms for Syria {...} and Edom {...} are constantly confounded by the copyists, and we must generally look to the context to determine which is the true reading.]

 961 (return) [ Herod. i. 1.]

 962 (return) [ Ibid. ii. 112.]

 963 (return) [ Ch. xxvii. 7.]

 964 (return) [ Egyptian pottery, scarabs, seals, figures of gods, and amulets, are common on most Phoenician sites. The Sidonian sarcophagi, including that of Esmunazar, are of an Egyptian stone.]

 965 (return) [ Herod. iii. 5, 6.]

 966 (return) [ Ibid. iii. 107; Strab.
 xvi. 4, § 19; Diod. Sic. ii. 49.]

 967 (return) [ Theophrast. Hist.
 Plant. ix. 4.]

 968 (return) [ Wilkinson, in the author's Herodotus, iii. 497, note 6; Heeren, As. Nat. ii.
 95.]

 969 (return) [ Is. lx. 7; Her. xlix.
 29.]

 970 (return) [ Ezek. xxvii. 21.]

 971 (return) [ Ezek. xxvii. 20.]

 972 (return) [ Ex. xxvi. 7; xxxvi.
 14.]

 973 (return) [ Ezek. xxvii. 15, 19-22.]

 974 (return) [ See Heeren, Asiatic Nations, ii. 96.]

 975 (return) [ Ibid. pp. 99, 100.]

 976 (return) [ Gerrha, Sanaa, and Mariaba were flourishing towns in Strabo's time, and probably during several centuries earlier.]

 977 (return) [ Ezek. xxvii. 23, 24.]

 978 (return) [ Herod. i. 1.]

 979 (return) [ See Di Cesnola, Cyprus, pls. xxxi.-xxxiii.; A. Di Cesnola, Salaminia, ch. xii.; Perrot et Chipiez, Hist. de l'Art, iii. 636-639.]

 980 (return) [ Layard, Monuments of Nineveh, 2nd series, pls. 57-67; Nineveh and Babylon, pp.
 183-187.]

 981 (return) [ Ezek. xxvii. 23.]

 982 (return) [ So Heeren translates (As.
 Nat. ii. 123).]

 983 (return) [ Ezek. xxvii. 14.]

 984 (return) [ Strab. xi. 14, § 9:—{'Estin ippobotos sphodra e khora}.]

 985 (return) [ Ibid.]

 986 (return) [ 1 Kings i. 33; Esth.
 viii. 10, 14.]

 987 (return) [ Ezek. xxvii. 13.]

 988 (return) [ Xen. Anab. iv.
 1, § 6.]

 989 (return) [ Hom. Od. xv.
 415-484; Herod. i. 1.]

 990 (return) [ Joel iii. 6.]

 991 (return) [ Ezek. xxvii. 13.]

 992 (return) [ Herod. v. 5.]

 993 (return) [ Herod. ii. 32.]

 994 (return) [ Ibid. iv. 183.]

 995 (return) [ Ibid.]

 996 (return) [ Ibid. iv. 181-184.
 Compare Heeren, African Nations, ii. pp. 202-235.]

 997 (return) [ No doubt some of these may have been imparted by the C


fulfill; effect; complete; consummate. See Accomplish.

 Per*form", v. i. To do, execute, or accomplish something; to acquit one's self in any business; esp., to represent sometimes by action; to act a part; to play on a musical instrument; as, the players perform poorly; the musician performs on the organ.

 Per*form"a*ble (?), a. Admitting of being performed, done, or executed; practicable.

 Per*form"ance (?), n. The act of performing; the carrying into execution or action; execution; achievement; accomplishment; representation by action; as, the performance of an undertaking of a duty.

 Promises are not binding where the performance is impossible.

Paley.
2. That which is performed or accomplished; a thing done or carried through; an achievement; a deed; an act; a feat; esp., an action of an elaborate or public character. "Her walking and other actual performances."
 Shak. "His musical performances." Macaulay.
Syn. -- Completion; consummation; execution; accomplishment; achievement; production; work; act; action; deed; exploit; feat.

 Per*form"er (?), n. One who performs, accomplishes, or fulfills; as, a good promiser, but a bad performer; especially, one who shows skill and training in any art; as, a performer of the drama; a performer on the harp.

 Per"fri*cate (?), v. t. [L. perfricatus, p. p. of perfricare.]
 To rub over. Bailey.
 Per*fu"ma*to*ry (?), a. Emitting perfume; perfuming. [R.] Sir E. Leigh.
 Per*fume" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perfumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Perfuming.] [F. parfumer (cf. Sp. perfumar); par (see Par) + fumer to smoke, L. fumare, fr. fumus smoke. See Fume.] To fill or impregnate with a perfume; to scent.

 And Carmel's flowery top perfumes the skies.

Pope.
 Per"fume (?), n. [F. parfum; cf. Sp. perfume. See Perfume, v.] 1. The scent, odor, or odoriferous particles emitted from a sweet-smelling substance; a pleasant odor; fragrance; aroma.

 No rich perfumes refresh the fruitful field.

Pope.
2. A substance that emits an agreeable odor.

 And thou shalt make it a perfume.

Ex. xxx. 35.
 Per*fum"er (?), n. 1. One who, oe that which, perfumes.

2. One whose trade is to make or sell perfumes.

 Per*fum"er*y (?), n. 1. Perfumes, in general.

2. [Cf. F. parfumerie.] The art of preparing perfumes.

 Per*func"to*ri*ly (?), adv. In a perfunctory manner; formally; carelessly. Boyle.
 Per*func"to*ri*ness, n. The quality or state of being perfunctory.

 Per*func"to*ry (?), a. [L. perfunctorius, fr. perfunctus dispatched, p. p. of perfungi to discharge, dispatch; per (see Per) + fungi to perform. See Function.] 1. Done merely to get rid of a duty; performed mechanically and as a thing of rote; done in a careless and superficial manner; characterized by indifference; as, perfunctory admonitions. Macaulay.
2. Hence: Mechanical; indifferent; listless; careless. "Perfunctory in his devotions." Sharp.
 Per*func"tu*rate (?), v. t. To perform in a perfunctory manner; to do negligently. [R.]

 Per*fuse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perfused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Perfusing.] [L. perfusus, p. p. of perfundere to pour over; per + fundere to pour.] To suffuse; to fill full or to excess. Harvey.
 Per*fu"sion (?), n. [L. perfusio.] The act of perfusing.

 Per*fu"sive (?), a. Of a nature to flow over, or to spread through.

 { Per'ga*me"no*us (?), Per'ga*men*ta"ceous (?), } a. [L. pergamena parchment. See Parchment.] Like parchment.

 Per*haps" (?), adv. [Per + hap chance.] By chance; peradventure; perchance; it may be.

 And pray God, if perhaps the thought of thine heart may be forgiven thee.

Acts viii. 22.
 Per"i- (?). [Gr. &?;, prep.] A prefix used to signify around, by, near, over, beyond, or to give an intensive sense; as, perimeter, the measure around; perigee, point near the earth; periergy, work beyond what is needed; perispherical, quite spherical.

 Pe"ri (?), n.; pl. Peris (#). [Per. per a female genus, a fairy.] (Persian Myth.) An imaginary being, male or female, like an elf or fairy, represented as a descendant of fallen angels, excluded from paradise till penance is accomplished. Moore.
 Per'i*a"gua (?), n. See Pirogue.

 Per"i*anth (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. &?; flower: cf. F.
 périanthe.] (Bot.) (a) The leaves of a flower generally, especially when the calyx and corolla are not readily distinguished. (b) A saclike involucre which incloses the young fruit in most hepatic mosses. See Illust. of Hepatica.

 ||Per'i*an"thi*um (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) The perianth.

 Per"i*apt (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; hung about, &?; to hang about; &?; about + &?; to tie: cf. F. périapte.]
 A charm worn as a protection against disease or mischief; an amulet. Coleridge.
 Now help, ye charming spells and periapts.

Shak.
 Per'i*as"tral (?), a. Among or around the stars. "Comets in periastral passage." R. A. Proctor.
 Per'i*as"tron (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; about + &?; a star.] (Astron.) That point, in the real or apparent orbit of one star revolving around another, at which the former is nearest to the latter.

 Per"i*au"ger (?), n. See Pirogue. W. Irving.
 Per"i*blast (?), a. [Gr. &?; to grow around. See Peri-, and -blast.] (Biol.) The protoplasmic matter which surrounds the entoblast, or cell nucleus, and undergoes segmentation. -- Per'i*blas"tic, a. Per"i*blem (?), n. [Pref. peri- + root of Gr. &?; to sprout.] (Bot.) Nascent cortex, or immature cellular bark.

 ||Pe*rib"o*los (?), n. [Nl., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, adj., going round, fr. &?; to throw round; cf. L. peribolus.] In ancient architecture, an inclosed court, esp., one surrounding a temple.

 Per'i*bran"chi*al (?), a. (


cutting off many people. Hab. ii. 10.
 Con*sult" (kn*slt" or kn"slt), n. 1. The act of consulting or deliberating; consultation; also, the result of consulation; determination; decision. [Obs.]

 The council broke; And all grave consults dissolved in smoke. Dryden.
2. A council; a meeting for consultation. [Obs.] "A consult of coquettes." Swift.
3. Agreement; concert [Obs.] Dryden.
 Con*sult"a*ry (kn*slt"*r), a. Formed by consultation; resulting from conference.

Consultary response (Law), the opinion of a court on a special case. Wharton.
 Con'sul*ta"tion (?), n. [L. consultatio: cf. F. consultation.]
 1. The act of consulting or conferring; deliberation of two or more persons on some matter, with a view to a decision.

 Thus they doubtful consultations dark Ended. Milton.
2. A council or conference, as of physicians, held to consider a special case, or of lawyers restained in a cause.

Writ of consultation (Law), a writ by which a cause, improperly removed by prohibition from one court to another, is returned to the court from which it came; -- so called because the judges, on consultation, find the prohibition ill-founded.

 Con*sult"a*tive (kn*slt"*tv), a. Pertaining to consultation; having the privilege or right of conference. "A consultative... power."
 Abp. Bramhall.
 Con*sult"a*to*ry (kn*slt"*t*r), a. Formed by, or resulting from, consultation; advisory. Bancroft.
 Con*sult"er (kn*slt"r), n. One who consults, or asks counsel or information.

 Con*sult"ing, a. That consults.

Consulting physician (Med.), a physician who consults with the attending practitioner regarding any case of disease.

 Con*sult"ive (kn*slt"v), a. Determined by, or pertaining to, consultation; deliberate; consultative.

 He that remains in the grace of God sins not by any deliberative, consultive, knowing act. Jer. Taylor.
 Con*sum"a*ble (kn*sm"*b'l), a. Capable of being consumed; that may be destroyed, dissipated, wasted, or spent. "Consumable commodities." Locke.
 Con*sume" (kn*sm"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Consumed (- smd"); p. pr. & vb. n. Consuming.] [L. consumere to take wholly or completely, to consume; con- + sumere to take; sub + emere to buy. See Redeem.] To destroy, as by decomposition, dissipation, waste, or fire; to use up; to expend; to waste; to burn up; to eat up; to devour.

 If he were putting to my house the brand That shall consume it. Shak.
 Lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust doth consume. Matt. vi. 20 (Rev. Ver.).
 Let me alone... that I may consume them. Ex. xxxii.
 10.
Syn. -- To destroy; swallow up; ingulf; absorb; waste; exhaust; spend; expend; squander; lavish; dissipate.

 Con*sume" (kn*sm"), v. i. To waste away slowly.

 Therefore, let Benedick, like covered fire, Consume away in sighs. Shak.
 Con*sum"ed*ly (?), adv. Excessively. [Low] He's so consumedly proud of it. Thackeray.
 Con*sum"er (-r), n. One who, or that which, consumes; as, the consumer of food.

 Con*sum"ing*ly, adv. In a consuming manner.

 Con*sum"mate (-sm"mt), a. [L. consummatus, p. p. or consummare to accomplish, sum up; con- + summa sum. See Sum.] Carried to the utmost extent or degree; of the highest quality; complete; perfect.
 "A man of perfect and consummate virtue." Addison.
 The little band held the post with consummate tenacity. Motley Con"sum*mate (kn"sm*mt or kn*sm"mt; 277), v. t. [imp.
 & p. p. Consummated (-m'td); p. pr. & vb. n. Consummating (-m'tng).] To bring to completion; to raise to the highest point or degree; to complete; to finish; to perfect; to achieve.

 To consummate this business happily. Shak.
 Con*sum"mate*ly (?), adv. In a consummate manner; completely. T. Warton.
 Con'sum*ma"tion (kn'sm*m"shn), n. [L. consummatio.] The act of consummating, or the state of being consummated; completion; perfection; termination; end (as of the world or of life).

 "'T is a consummation Devoutly to be wished. Shak.
 From its original to its consummation. Addison.
 Quiet consummation have, And renownéd be thy grave.
Shak.
Consummation of marriage, completion of the connubial relation by actual cohabition.

 Con*sum"ma*tive (?), a. Serving to consummate; completing. "The final, the consummative procedure of philosophy." Sir W. Hamilton.
 Con*sump"tion (?; 215), n. [L. consumptio: cf. F. consomption.]
 1. The act or process of consuming by use, waste, etc.; decay; destruction.

 Every new advance of the price to the consumer is a new incentive to him to retrench the quality of his consumption. Burke.
2. The state or process of being consumed, wasted, or diminished; waste; diminution; loss; decay.

3. (Med.) A progressive wasting away of the body; esp., that form of wasting, attendant upon pulmonary phthisis and associated with cough, spitting of blood, hectic fever, etc.; pulmonary phthisis; -- called also pulmonary consumption.

Consumption of the bowels (Med.), inflammation and ulceration of the intestines from tubercular disease.

Syn. -- Decline; waste; decay. See Decline.

 Con*sump"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. consomptif.] 1. Of or pertaining to consumption; having the quality of consuming, or dissipating; destructive; wasting.

 It [prayer] is not consumptive or our time. Sharp.
 A long consumptive war. Addison.
2. (Med.) Affected with, or inclined to, consumption.

 The lean, consumptive wench, with coughs decayed. Dryden.
 Con*sump"tive, n. One affected with consumption; as, a resort for consumptives.

 Con*sump"tive*ly, adv. In a way tending to or indication consumption. Beddoes.
 Con*sump"tive*ness, n. A state of being consumptive, or a tendency to a consumption.

 Con'ta*bes"cent (?), a. [L. contabescenc, p. pr. of contabescere.]
 Wasting away gradually. Darwin.
 -- Con*ta*bes"cence (#), n. Con"tact (kn"tkt), n. [L. contactus, fr. contingere, -tactum, to touch on all sides. See Contingent.] 1. A close union or junction of bodies; a touching or meeting.

2. (Geom.) The property of two curves, or surfaces, which meet, and at the point of meeting have a common direction.

3. (Mining) The plane between two adjacent


THE ERRAND BOY; OR, HOW PHIL BRENT WON SUCCESS.

 By Horatio Alger, Jr., Author of: "Joe's Luck," "Frank Fowler, the Cash Boy," "Tom Temple's Career," "Tom Thatcher's Fortune," "Ragged Dick," "Tattered Tom," "Luck and Pluck," etc., etc.

CONTENTS THE ERRAND BOY.

 CHAPTER I. -- PHIL HAS A LITTLE DIFFICULTY.
 CHAPTER II. -- A STRANGE REVELATION.
 CHAPTER III. -- PHIL'S SUDDEN RESOLUTION.
 CHAPTER IV. -- MR. LIONEL LAKE.
 CHAPTER V. -- AN OVERBEARING CONDUCTOR CHAPTER VI. -- SIGNOR ORLANDO.
 CHAPTER VII. -- BOWERMAN'S VARIETIES.
 CHAPTER VIII. -- THE HOUSE IN TWELFTH STREET.
 CHAPTER IX. -- THE OLD GENTLEMAN PROVES A FRIEND.
 CHAPTER X. -- PHIL CALLS ON MR. PITKIN.
 CHAPTER XI. -- PHIL ENTERS UPON HIS DUTIES.
 CHAPTER XII. -- MR. LIONEL LAKE AGAIN.
 CHAPTER XIII. -- PHIL'S NEW HOME.
 CHAPTER XIV. -- CONSULTING THE ORACLE.
 CHAPTER XV. -- PHIL AND THE FORTUNE-TELLER.
 CHAPTER XVI. -- MRS. BRENT'S STRANGE TEMPTATION.
 CHAPTER XVII. -- JONAS JOINS THE CONSPIRACY.
 CHAPTER XVIII. -- THE CONSPIRACY SUCCEEDS.
 CHAPTER XIX. -- A NARROW ESCAPE FROM DETECTION.
 CHAPTER XX. -- LEFT OUT IN THE COLD.
 CHAPTER XXI. -- "THEY MET BY CHANCE." CHAPTER XXII. -- PHIL IS "BOUNCED." CHAPTER XXIII. -- AN EXPLANATION.
 CHAPTER XXIV. -- RAISING THE RENT.
 CHAPTER XXV. -- ALONZO IS PUZZLED.
 CHAPTER XXVI. -- A WONDERFUL CHANGE.
 CHAPTER XXVII. -- AN UNPLEASANT SURPRISE.
 CHAPTER XXVIII. -- AN UNSATISFACTORY CONFERENCE.
 CHAPTER XXIX. -- A TRUCE.
 CHAPTER XXX. -- A TRUCE.
 CHAPTER XXXI. -- PHIL IS SHADOWED.
 CHAPTER XXXII. -- PHIL IS ROBBED.
 CHAPTER XXXIII. -- A TERRIBLE SITUATION.
 CHAPTER XXXIV. -- PHIL'S FRIENDS AND HIS ENEMIES.
 CHAPTER XXXV. -- THE PITKINS RETIRE IN DISGUST.
 CHAPTER XXXVI. -- THE FALSE HEIR.
 CHAPTER XXXVII. -- MRS. BRENT'S PANIC.
 CHAPTER XXXVIII. -- AN IMPORTANT DISCOVERY.
 CHAPTER XXXIX. -- AT THE PALMER HOUSE.
 CHAPTER XL. -- A SCENE NOT ON THE BILLS.
 FRED SARGENT'S REVENGE.
 THE SMUGGLER'S TRAP.

 THE ERRAND BOY.

 CHAPTER I. PHIL HAS A LITTLE DIFFICULTY.

 Phil Brent was plodding through the snow in the direction of the house where he lived with his step-mother and her son, when a snow-ball, moist and hard, struck him just below his ear with stinging emphasis. The pain was considerable, and Phil's anger rose.

 He turned suddenly, his eyes flashing fiercely, intent upon discovering who had committed this outrage, for he had no doubt that it was intentional.

 He looked in all directions, but saw no one except a mild old gentleman in spectacles, who appeared to have some difficulty in making his way through the obstructed street.

 Phil did not need to be told that it was not the old gentleman who had taken such an unwarrantable liberty with him. So he looked farther, but his ears gave him the first clew.

 He heard a chuckling laugh, which seemed to proceed from behind the stone wall that ran along the roadside.

 "I will see who it is," he decided, and plunging through the snow he surmounted the wall, in time to see a boy of about his own age running away across the fields as fast as the deep snow would allow.

 "So it's you, Jonas!" he shouted wrathfully. "I thought it was some sneaking fellow like you." Jonas Webb, his step-brother, his freckled face showing a degree of dismay, for he had not calculated on discovery, ran the faster, but while fear winged his steps, anger proved the more effectual spur, and Phil overtook him after a brief run, from the effects of which both boys panted.

 "What made you throw that snow-ball?" demanded Phil angrily, as he seized Jonas by the collar and shook him.

 "You let me alone!" said Jonas, struggling ineffectually in his grasp.

 "Answer me! What made you throw that snowball?" demanded Phil, in a tone that showed he did not intend to be trifled with.

 "Because I chose to," answered Jonas, his spite getting the better of his prudence. "Did it hurt you?" he continued, his eyes gleaming with malice.

 "I should think it might. It was about as hard as a cannon-ball," returned Phil grimly. "Is that all you've got to say about it?" "I did it in fun," said Jonas, beginning to see that he had need to be prudent.

 "Very well! I don't like your idea of fun. Perhaps you won't like mine," said Phil, as he forcibly drew Jonas back till he lay upon the snow, and then kneeling by his side, rubbed his face briskly with snow.

 "What are you doin'? Goin' to murder me?" shrieked Jonas, in anger and dismay.

 "I am going to wash your face," said Phil, continuing the operation vigorously.

 "I say, you quit that! I'll tell my mother," ejaculated Jonas, struggling furiously.

 "If you do, tell her why I did it," said Phil.

 Jonas shrieked and struggled, but in vain. Phil gave his face an effectual scrubbing, and did not desist until he thought he had avenged the bad treatment he had suffered.

 "There, get up!" said he at length.

 Jonas scrambled to his feet, his mean features working convulsively with anger.

 "You'll suffer for this!" he shouted.

 "You won't make me!" said Phil contemptuously.

 "You're the meanest boy in the village." "I am willing to leave that to the opinion of all who know me." "I'll tell my mother!" "Go home and tell her!" Jonas started for home, and Phil did not attempt to stop him.

 As he saw Jonas reach the street and plod angrily homeward, he said to himself: "I suppose I shall be in hot water for this; but I can't help it. Mrs.
 Brent always stands up for her precious son, who is as like her as can be.
 Well, it won't make matters much worse than they have been." Phil concluded not to go home at once, but to allow a little time for the storm to spend its force after Jonas had told his story. So he delayed half an hour and then walked slowly up to the side door. He opened the door, brushed off the snow from his boots with the broom that stood behind the door, and opening the inner door, stepped into the kitchen.

 No one was there, as Phil's first glance satisfied him, and he was disposed to hope that Mrs. Brent—he never called her mother—was out, but a thin, acid, measured voice from the sitting-room adjoining soon satisfied him that there was to be no reprieve.


first words of Psalm xcv. called the "Invitatory." 46. "Domine Dominus noster:" The opening words of Psalm viii.; "O Lord our Lord." 47. "Coeli enarrant:" Psalm xix. 1; "The heavens declare (thy glory)." 48. "Domini est terra": Psalm xxiv. I; "The earth is the Lord's and the fulness thereof." The first "nocturn" is now over, and the lessons from Scripture follow.
49. "Jube, Domine:" "Command, O Lord;" from Matthew xiv.
28, where Peter, seeing Christ walking on the water, says "Lord, if it be thou, bid me come to thee on the water." 50: "Tu autem:" the formula recited by the reader at the end of each lesson; "Tu autem, Domine, miserere nobis." ("But do thou, O Lord, have pity on us!") 51. "Te Deum Amoris:" "Thee, God of Love (we praise)." 52. Not Tubal, who was the worker in metals; but Jubal, his brother, "who was the father of all such as handle the harp and organ" (Genesis iv. 21).
53. "Dominus regnavit:" Psalm xciii. 1, "The Lord reigneth." With this began the "Laudes," or morning service of praise.
54. "Jubilate:" Psalm c. 1, "Make a joyful noise unto the Lord." 55. "Benedicite:" "Bless ye the Lord;" the opening of the Song of the Three Children 56. "Laudate:" Psalm cxlvii.; "Praise ye the Lord." 57. "O admirabile:" Psalm viii 1; "O Lord our God, how excellent is thy name." 58. "Benedictus": The first word of the Song of Zacharias (Luke i. 68); "Blessed be the Lord God of Israel" 59. In The Knight's Tale we have exemplifications of the custom of gathering and wearing flowers and branches on May Day; where Emily, "doing observance to May," goes into the garden at sunrise and gathers flowers, "party white and red, to make a sotel garland for her head"; and again, where Arcite rides to the fields "to make him a garland of the greves; were it of woodbine, or of hawthorn leaves" THE CUCKOO AND THE NIGHTINGALE.
[THE noble vindication of true love, as an exalting, purifying, and honour-conferring power, which Chaucer has made in "The Court of Love," is repeated in "The Cuckoo and the Nightingale." At the same time, the close of the poem leads up to "The Assembly of Fowls;" for, on the appeal of the Nightingale, the dispute between her and the Cuckoo, on the merits and blessings of love, is referred to a parliament of birds, to be held on the morrow after Saint Valentine's Day. True, the assembly of the feathered tribes described by Chaucer, though held on Saint Valentine's Day, and engaged in the discussion of a controversy regarding love, is not occupied with the particular cause which in the present poem the Nightingale appeals to the parliament. But "The Cuckoo and the Nightingale" none the less serves as a link between the two poems; indicating as it does the nature of those controversies, in matters subject to the supreme control of the King and Queen of Love, which in the subsequent poem we find the courtiers, under the guise of birds, debating in full conclave and under legal forms. Exceedingly simple in conception, and written in a metre full of musical irregularity and forcible freedom, "The Cuckoo and the Nightingale" yields in vividness, delicacy, and grace to none of Chaucer's minor poems. We are told that the poet, on the third night of May, is sleepless, and rises early in the morning, to try if he may hear the Nightingale sing. Wandering by a brook-side, he sits down on the flowery lawn, and ere long, lulled by the sweet melody of many birds and the well-according music of the stream, he falls into a kind of doze — "not all asleep, nor fully waking." Then (an evil omen) he hears the Cuckoo sing before the Nightingale; but soon he hears the Nightingale request the Cuckoo to remove far away, and leave the place to birds that can sing. The Cuckoo enters into a defence of her song, which becomes a railing accusation against Love and a recital of the miseries which Love's servants endure; the Nightingale vindicates Love in a lofty and tender strain, but is at last overcome with sorrow by the bitter words of the Cuckoo, and calls on the God of Love for help. On this the poet starts up, and, snatching a stone from the brook, throws it at the Cuckoo, who flies away full fast. The grateful Nightingale promises that, for this service, she will be her champion's singer all that May; she warns him against believing the Cuckoo, the foe of Love; and then, having sung him one of her new songs, she flies away to all the other birds that are in that dale, assembles them, and demands that they should do her right upon the Cuckoo. By one assent it is agreed that a parliament shall be held, "the morrow after Saint Valentine's Day," under a maple before the window of Queen Philippa at Woodstock, when judgment shall be passed upon the Cuckoo; then the Nightingale flies into a hawthorn, and sings a lay of love so loud that the poet awakes. The five-line stanza, of which the first, second, and fifth lines agree in one rhyme, the third and fourth in another, is peculiar to this poem; and while the prevailing measure is the decasyllabic line used in the "Canterbury Tales," many of the lines have one or two syllables less. The poem is given here without abridgement.]
( THE God of Love, ah! benedicite, How mighty and how great a lord is he! <1> For he can make of lowe heartes high, And of high low, and like for to die, And harde heartes he can make free.
He can make, within a little stound,* *moment Of sicke folke whole, and fresh, and sound, And of the whole he can make sick; He can bind, and unbinden eke, What he will have bounden or unbound.
To tell his might my wit may not suffice; For he can make of wise folk full nice,* — *foolish For he may do all that he will devise, — And lither* folke to destroye vice, *idle, vicious And proude heartes he can make agrise.* *tremble Shortly, all that ever he will he may; Against him dare no wight say nay; For he can glad and grieve *whom him liketh.* *whom he pleases* And who that he will, he laugheth or siketh,* *sigheth And most his might he sheddeth ever in May.
For every true gentle hearte free, That with him is, or thinketh for to be, Against May now shall have some stirring,* *impulse Either to joy, or else to some mourning, In no season so much, as thinketh me.
For when that they may hear the birdes sing, And see the flowers and the leaves spring, That bringeth into hearte's remembrance A manner ease, *medled with grievance,* *mingled with sorrow* And lusty thoughtes full of great longing.
And of that longing cometh heaviness, And thereof groweth greate sickeness, And <2> for the lack of that that they desire:


[OE. vernish, F. vernis, LL. vernicium; akin to F. vernir to varnish, fr. (assumed) LL. vitrinire to glaze, from LL. vitrinus glassy, fr. L. vitrum glass. See Vitreous.]

1. A viscid liquid, consisting of a solution of resinous matter in an oil or a volatile liquid, laid on work with a brush, or otherwise. When applied the varnish soon dries, either by evaporation or chemical action, and the resinous part forms thus a smooth, hard surface, with a beautiful gloss, capable of resisting, to a greater or less degree, the influences of air and moisture.

 According to the sorts of solvents employed, the ordinary kinds of varnish are divided into three classes: spirit, turpentine, and oil varnishes. Encyc. Brit 2. That which resembles varnish, either naturally or artificially; a glossy appearance.

 The varnish of the holly and ivy.

Macaulay.
3. An artificial covering to give a fair appearance to any act or conduct; outside show; gloss.

 And set a double varnish on the fame The Frenchman gave you.

Shak.
Varnish tree (Bot.), a tree or shrub from the juice or resin of which varnish is made, as some species of the genus Rhus, especially R. vernicifera of Japan. The black varnish of Burmah is obtained from the Melanorrhœa usitatissima, a tall East Indian tree of the Cashew family. See Copal, and Mastic.

 Var"nish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Varnished (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Varnishing.] [Cf. F. vernir, vernisser. See Varnish, n.]

1. To lay varnish on; to cover with a liquid which produces, when dry, a hard, glossy surface; as, to varnish a table; to varnish a painting.

2. To cover or conceal with something that gives a fair appearance; to give a fair coloring to by words; to gloss over; to palliate; as, to varnish guilt. "Beauty doth varnish age." Shak.
 Close ambition, varnished o'er with zeal.

Milton.
 Cato's voice was ne'er employed To clear the guilty and to varnish crimes.

Addison.
 Var"nish*er (?), n. 1. One who varnishes; one whose occupation is to varnish.

2. One who disguises or palliates; one who gives a fair external appearance. Pope.
 Var"nish*ing, n. The act of laying on varnish; also, materials for varnish.

 Var"ta*bed (?), n. [Armen., a doctor, master, preceptor.] (Eccl.)
 A doctor or teacher in the Armenian church. Members of this order of ecclesiastics frequently have charge of dioceses, with episcopal functions.

 ||Va*ru"na (v*r"n), n. [Skr. Varua.] (Hindu Myth.)
 The god of the waters; the Indian Neptune. He is regarded as regent of the west, and lord of punishment, and is represented as riding on a sea monster, holding in his hand a snaky cord or noose with which to bind offenders, under water.

 Var"vel (?), n. [F. vervelle.] In falconry, one of the rings secured to the ends of the jesses. [Written also vervel.]

 Var"veled (?), a. Having varvels, or rings. [Written also varvelled, and vervelled.]

 In heraldry, when the jesses attached to the legs of hawks hang loose, or have pendent ends with rings at the tips, the blazon is a hawk (or a hawk's leg) jessed and varveled.

 Va"ry (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Varied (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Varying.] [OE. varien, F. varier, L. variare, fr. varius various. See Various, and cf. Variate.]

1. To change the aspect of; to alter in form, appearance, substance, position, or the like; to make different by a partial change; to modify; as, to vary the properties, proportions, or nature of a thing; to vary a posture or an attitude; to vary one's dress or opinions.

 Shall we vary our device at will, Even as new occasion appears?

Spenser.
2. To change to something else; to transmute; to exchange; to alternate.

 Gods, that never change their state, Vary oft their love and hate.

Waller.
 We are to vary the customs according to the time and country where the scene of action lies.

Dryden.
3. To make of different kinds; to make different from one another; to diversity; to variegate.

 God hath varied their inclinations.

Sir T. Browne.
 God hath here Varied his bounty so with new delights.

Milton.
4. (Mus.) To embellish; to change fancifully; to present under new aspects, as of form, key, measure, etc. See Variation, 4.

 Va"ry (?), v. i. 1. To alter, or be altered, in any manner; to suffer a partial change; to become different; to be modified; as, colors vary in different lights.

 That each from other differs, first confess; Next, that he varies from himself no less.

Pope.
2. To differ, or be different; to be unlike or diverse; as, the laws of France vary from those of England.

3. To alter or change in succession; to alternate; as, one mathematical quantity varies inversely as another.

 While fear and anger, with alternate grace, Pant in her breast, and vary in her face.

Addison.
4. To deviate; to depart; to swerve; — followed by from; as, to vary from the law, or from reason. Locke.
5. To disagree; to be at variance or in dissension; as, men vary in opinion.

 The rich jewel which we vary for.

Webster (1623).
 Va"ry, n. Alteration; change. [Obs.] Shak.
 Va"ry*ing, a. & n. from Vary.

Varying hare (Zoöl.), any hare or rabbit which becomes white in winter, especially the common hare of the Northern United States and Canada.

 ||Vas (?), n.; pl. Vasa (#). [L., a vessel. See Vase.]
 (Anat.) A vessel; a duct.

||Vas deferens; pl. Vasa deferentia. [L. vas vessel + deferens carrying down.] (Anat.) The excretory duct of a testicle; a spermatic duct.

 Vas"cu*lar (?), a. [L. vasculum a small vessel, dim. of vas vessel: cf. F. vasculaire. See Vase, and cf. Vessel.]

1. (Biol.) (a) Consisting of, or containing, vessels as an essential part of a structure; full of vessels; specifically (Bot.), pertaining to, or containing, special ducts, or tubes, for the circulation of sap. (b) Operating by means of, or made up of an arrangement of, vessels; as, the vascular system in animals, including the arteries, veins, capillaries, lacteals, etc. (c) Of or pertaining to the vessels of animal and vegetable bodies; as, the vascular functions.

2. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to the higher division of plants, that is, the phænogamous plants, all of which are vascular, in


to deprive.] To take back or away. [Obs.] Spenser.
 Re*prive", v. t. To reprieve. [Obs.] Howell.
 Re*prize" (-pr?z"), v. t. See Reprise. [Obs.] Spenser.
 Re*priz"es (-pr?z"?z), n. pl. (Law) See Reprise, n., 2.

 Re*proach" (r?-pr?ch"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reproached (-pr?cht"); p. pr. & vb. n. Reproaching.] [F. reprocher, OF. reprochier, (assumed) LL. reproriare; L. pref. reagain, against, back + prope near; hence, originally, to bring near to, throw in one's teeth. Cf. Approach.] 1. To come back to, or come home to, as a matter of blame; to bring shame or disgrace upon; to disgrace. [Obs.]

 I thought your marriage fit; else imputation, For that he knew you, might reproach your life.

Shak.
2. To attribute blame to; to allege something disgraceful against; to charge with a fault; to censure severely or contemptuously; to upbraid.

 If ye be reproached for the name of Christ.

1 Peter iv. 14.
 That this newcomer, Shame, There sit not, and reproach us as unclean.

Milton.
 Mezentius... with his ardor warmed His fainting friends, reproached their shameful flight. Repelled the victors.

Dryden.
Syn. -- To upbraid; censure; blame; chide; rebuke; condemn; revile; vilify.

 Re*proach", n. [F. reproche. See Reproach, v.]

1. The act of reproaching; censure mingled with contempt; contumelious or opprobrious language toward any person; abusive reflections; as, severe reproach.

 No reproaches even, even when pointed and barbed with the sharpest wit, appeared to give him pain.

Macaulay.
 Give not thine heritage to reproach.

Joel ii. 17.
2. A cause of blame or censure; shame; disgrace.

3. An object of blame, censure, scorn, or derision.

 Come, and let us build up the wall of Jerusalem, that we be no more a reproach.

Neh. ii. 17.
Syn. -- Disrepute; discredit; dishonor; opprobrium; invective; contumely; reviling; abuse; vilification; scurrility; insolence; insult; scorn; contempt; ignominy; shame; scandal;; disgrace; infamy.

 Re*proach"a*blr (-?-b'l), a. [Cf. F. reprochable.]

1. Deserving reproach; censurable.

2. Opprobrius; scurrilous. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.
 -- Re*proach"a*ble*ness, n. -- Re*proach"a*bly, adv.
 Re*proach"er (-?r), n. One who reproaches.

 Re*proach"ful (-f?l), a. 1. Expressing or containing reproach; upbraiding; opprobrious; abusive.

 The reproachful speeches... That he hath breathed in my dishonor here.

Shak.
2. Occasioning or deserving reproach; shameful; base; as, a reproachful life.

Syn. -- Opprobrious; contumelious; abusive; offensive; insulting; contemptuous; scornful; insolent; scurrilous; disreputable; discreditable; dishonorable; shameful; disgraceful; scandalous; base; vile; infamous.

 -- Re*proach"ful*ly (r&?;-pr&?;ch"f&?;l-l&?;), adv.
 -- Re*proach"ful*ness, n. Re*proach"less, a. Being without reproach.

 Rep"ro*ba*cy (r?p"r?-b?-c?), n. Reprobation. [R.]

 Rep"ro*bance (-bans), n. Reprobation. [Obs.] Shak.
 Rep"ro*bate (-b?t), a. [L. reprobatus, p. p. of reprobare to disapprove, condemn. See Reprieve, Reprove.]

1. Not enduring proof or trial; not of standard purity or fineness; disallowed; rejected. [Obs.]

Reprobate silver shall men call them, because the Lord hath rejected them.

Jer. vi. 30.
2. Abandoned to punishment; hence, morally abandoned and lost; given up to vice; depraved.

 And strength, and art, are easily outdone By spirits reprobate.

Milton.
3. Of or pertaining to one who is given up to wickedness; as, reprobate conduct. "Reprobate desire." Shak.
Syn. -- Abandoned; vitiated; depraved; corrupt; wicked; profligate; base; vile. See Abandoned.

 Rep"ro*bate, n. One morally abandoned and lost.

 I acknowledge myself for a reprobate, a villain, a traitor to the king.

Sir W. Raleigh.
 Rep"ro*bate (-b?t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reprobated (-b?'t?d); p. pr. & vb. n. Reprobating.] 1. To disapprove with detestation or marks of extreme dislike; to condemn as unworthy; to disallow; to reject.

 Such an answer as this is reprobated and disallowed of in law; I do not believe it, unless the deed appears.

Ayliffe.
 Every scheme, every person, recommended by one of them, was reprobated by the other.

Macaulay.
2. To abandon to punishment without hope of pardon.

Syn. -- To condemn; reprehend; censure; disown; abandon; reject.

 Rep"ro*bate*ness, n. The state of being reprobate.

 Rep"ro*ba'ter (-b?'t?r), n. One who reprobates.

 Rep'ro*ba"tion (-b?'sh?n), n. [F. réprobation, or L.
 reprobatio.] 1. The act of reprobating; the state of being reprobated; strong disapproval or censure.

 The profligate pretenses upon which he was perpetually soliciting an increase of his disgraceful stipend are mentioned with becoming reprobation.

Jeffrey.
 Set a brand of reprobation on clipped poetry and false coin.

Dryden.
2. (Theol.) The predestination of a certain number of the human race as reprobates, or objects of condemnation and punishment.

 Rep'ro*ba"tion*er (-?r), n. (Theol.) One who believes in reprobation. See Reprobation, 2. South.
 Rep"ro*ba*tive (-b?-t?v), a. Of or pertaining to reprobation; expressing reprobation.

 Rep"ro*ba'to*ry (-b?'t?-r?), a. Reprobative.

 Re'pro*duce" (r?'pr?-d?s"), v. t. To produce again. Especially: (a) To bring forward again; as, to reproduce a witness; to reproduce charges; to reproduce a play. (b) To cause to exist again.

 Those colors are unchangeable, and whenever all those rays with those their colors are mixed again they reproduce the same white light as before.

Sir I. Newton.
(c) To produce again, by generation or the like; to cause the existence of (something of the same class, kind, or nature as another thing); to generate or beget


[imp. & p. p. Jingled (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Jingling (?).] To cause to give a sharp metallic sound as a little bell, or as coins shaken together; to tinkle.

 The bells she jingled, and the whistle blew.

 Pope.
 Jin"gle, n. 1. A rattling, clinking, or tinkling sound, as of little bells or pieces of metal.

2. That which makes a jingling sound, as a rattle.

 If you plant where savages are, do not only entertain them with trifles and jingles, but use them justly.

 Bacon.
3. A correspondence of sound in rhymes, especially when the verse has little merit; hence, the verse itself." The least jingle of verse." Guardian.
Jingle shell. See Gold shell (b), under Gold.

 Jin"gler (?), n. One who, or that which, jingles.

 Jin"gling (?), n. The act or process of producing a jingle; also, the sound itself; a chink. "The jingling of the guinea." Tennyson.
 Jin"gling*ly, adv. So as to jingle. Lowell.
 Jin"go (?), n.; pl. Jingoes (#). [Said to be a corruption of St. Gingoulph.]

1. A word used as a jocular oath. "By the living jingo." Goldsmith.
2. A statesman who pursues, or who favors, aggressive, domineering policy in foreign affairs. [Cant, Eng.]

 This sense arose from a doggerel song which was popular during the Turco-Russian war of 1877 and 1878. The first two lines were as follows: -- We don't want to fight, but by Jingo if we do, We've got the ships, we've got the men, we've got the money too.

 Jin"go*ism (?), n. The policy of the Jingoes, so called. See Jingo, 2. [Cant, Eng.]

 Jin"nee (jn"n), n.; pl. Jinn (jn). [Ar.] (Arabian & Mohammedan Myth.) A genius or demon; one of the fabled genii, good and evil spirits, supposed to be the children of fire, and to have the power of assuming various forms. [Written also jin, djinnee, etc.]

Jinn is also used as sing., with pl. jinns (&?;).

 Jin"ny road' (?). [Cf. Gin an engine, Ginnycarriage.] (Mining) An inclined road in a coal mine, on which loaded cars descend by gravity, drawing up empty ones. Knight.
 Jin*rik"i*sha (?), n. [Jap. jin man + riki power + sha carriage.] A small, twowheeled, hooded vehicle drawn by one or more men.
 [Japan] Jip"po (jp"p), n. [Abbrev. fr. juppon.] A waistcoat or kind of stays for women.

 Jo (?), n.; pl. Joes (#). [Etymol. uncertain.] A sweetheart; a darling. [Scot.] Burns.
 Job (jb), n. [Prov. E. job, gob, n., a small piece of wood, v., to stab, strike; cf. E. gob, gobbet; perh. influenced by E. chop to cut off, to mince. See Gob.]

1. A sudden thrust or stab; a jab.

2. A piece of chance or occasional work; any definite work undertaken in gross for a fixed price; as, he did the job for a thousand dollars.

3. A public transaction done for private profit; something performed ostensibly as a part of official duty, but really for private gain; a corrupt official business.

4. Any affair or event which affects one, whether fortunately or unfortunately. [Colloq.]

 5. A situation or opportunity of work; as, he lost his job.
 [Colloq.]

Job is used adjectively to signify doing jobs, used for jobs, or let on hire to do jobs; as, job printer; job master; job horse; job wagon, etc.

By the job, at a stipulated sum for the work, or for each piece of work done; -- distinguished from time work; as, the house was built by the job. -- Job lot, a quantity of goods, usually miscellaneous, sold out of the regular course of trade, at a certain price for the whole; as, these articles were included in a job lot. -- Job master, one who lest out horses and carriages for hire, as for family use. [Eng.] -- Job printer, one who does miscellaneous printing, esp. circulars, cards, billheads, etc. -- Odd job, miscellaneous work of a petty kind; occasional work, of various kinds, or for various people.

 Job (jb), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jobbed (jbd); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Jobbing.]

1. To strike or stab with a pointed instrument. L'Estrange.
2. To thrust in, as a pointed instrument. Moxon.
3. To do or cause to be done by separate portions or lots; to sublet (work); as, to job a contract.

4. (Com.) To buy and sell, as a broker; to purchase of importers or manufacturers for the purpose of selling to retailers; as, to job goods.

5. To hire or let by the job or for a period of service; as, to job a carriage. Thackeray.
 Job, v. i. 1. To do chance work for hire; to work by the piece; to do petty work.

 Authors of all work, to job for the season.

Moore.
2. To seek private gain under pretense of public service; to turn public matters to private advantage.

 And judges job, and bishops bite the town.

Pope.
3. To carry on the business of a jobber in merchandise or stocks.

 Job (jb), n. The hero of the book of that name in the Old Testament; the typical patient man.

Job's comforter. (a) A false friend; a tactless or malicious person who, under pretense of sympathy, insinuates rebukes. (b) A boil. [Colloq.] -- Job's news, bad news. Carlyle. -- Job's tears (Bot.), a kind of grass (Coix Lacryma), with hard, shining, pearly grains.

 Jo*ba"tion (?), n. [Prov. E. job to scold, to reprove, perh.
 fr. Job, the proper name.] A scolding; a hand, tedious reproof.
 [Low] Grose.
 Job"ber (?), n. 1. One who works by the job.

2. A dealer in the public stocks or funds; a stockjobber. [Eng.]

3. One who buys goods from importers, wholesalers, or manufacturers, and sells to retailers.

4. One who turns official or public business to private advantage; hence, one who performs low or mercenary work in office, politics, or intrigue.

 Job"ber*nowl' (?), n. [OE. jobbernoule, fr. jobarde a stupid fellow; cf. E. noll.] A blockhead. [Colloq. & Obs.] H. Taylor.
 Job"ber*y (?), n. 1. The act or practice of jobbing.

2. Underhand management; official corruption; as, municipal jobbery.
 Mayhew.
 Job"bing (?), a. 1. Doing chance work or odd jobs; as, a jobbing carpenter.

2. Using opportunities of public service for private gain; as, a jobbing politician. London Sat. Rev.
Jobbing house, a mercantile establishment which buys from importers


off deuce in a game. See Deuce.

10. (Type Founding) That dimension of the body of a type called by printers the width.

Dead set. (a) The act of a setter dog when it discovers the game, and remains intently fixed in pointing it out. (b) A fixed or stationary condition arising from obstacle or hindrance; a deadlock; as, to be at a dead set. (c) A concerted scheme to defraud by gaming; a determined onset. -- To make a dead set, to make a determined onset, literally or figuratively.

Syn. -- Collection; series; group. See Pair.

 ||Se"ta (?), n.; pl. Setæ. [L. seta, saeta, a bristle.] 1. (Biol.) Any slender, more or less rigid, bristlelike organ or part; as the hairs of a caterpillar, the slender spines of a crustacean, the hairlike processes of a protozoan, the bristles or stiff hairs on the leaves of some plants, or the pedicel of the capsule of a moss.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) One of the movable chitinous spines or hooks of an annelid. They usually arise in clusters from muscular capsules, and are used in locomotion and for defense. They are very diverse in form. (b) One of the spinelike feathers at the base of the bill of certain birds.

 Se*ta"ceous (?), a. [L. seta a bristle: cf. F. sétacé.]
 1. Set with, or consisting of, bristles; bristly; as, a stiff, setaceous tail.

2. Bristelike in form or texture; as, a setaceous feather; a setaceous leaf.

 Set"back' (?), n. 1. (Arch.) Offset, n., 4.

2. A backset; a countercurrent; an eddy. [U. S.]

3. A backset; a check; a repulse; a reverse; a relapse. [Colloq.
 U.S.]

 Set"bolt' (?), n. (Shipbuilding) 1. An iron pin, or bolt, for fitting planks closely together. Craig.
2. A bolt used for forcing another bolt out of its hole.

 Set"down' (?), n. The humbling of a person by act or words, especially by a retort or a reproof; the retort or the reproof which has such effect.

 Set*ee" (?), n. (Naut.) See 2d Settee.

 Set"en (?), obs. imp. pl. of Sit. Sat. Chaucer.
 Set"e*wale (?), n. See Cetewale. [Obs.]

 Set"-fair' (?), n. In plastering, a particularly good troweled surface. Knight.
 Set"foil' (?), n. See Septfoil.

 Seth"en (?), adv. & conj. See Since. [Obs.]

 Seth"ic (?), a. See Sothic.

 Se*tif"er*ous (?), a. [L. seta a bristle + -ferous.]
 Producing, or having one or more, bristles.

 Se"ti*form (?), a. [Seta + - form: cf. F. sétiforme.]
 Having the form or structure of setæ.

 Se"ti*ger (?), n. [NL. See Setigerous.] (Zoöl.) An annelid having setæ; a chætopod.

 Se*tig"er*ous (?), a. [Seta + -gerous.] Covered with bristles; having or bearing a seta or setæ; setiferous; as, setigerous glands; a setigerous segment of an annelid; specifically (Bot.), tipped with a bristle.

 Se"tim (?), n. See Shittim.

 Se*tip"a*rous (?), a. [Seta + L. papere to produce.]
 (Zoöl.) Producing setæ; -- said of the organs from which the setæ of annelids arise.

 Se"ti*reme (?), n. [Seta + L. remus an oar.] (Zoöl.)
 A swimming leg (of an insect) having a fringe of hairs on the margin.

 Set"ness (?), n. The quality or state of being set; formality; obstinacy. "The starched setness of a sententious writer." R. Masters.
 Set"-off' (?), n. [Set + off.] 1. That which is set off against another thing; an offset.

 I do not contemplate such a heroine as a set-off to the many sins imputed to me as committed against woman.

D. Jerrold.
2. That which is used to improve the appearance of anything; a decoration; an ornament.

3. (Law) A counterclaim; a cross debt or demand; a distinct claim filed or set up by the defendant against the plaintiff's demand.

Set-off differs from recoupment, as the latter generally grows out of the same matter or contract with the plaintiff's claim, while the former grows out of distinct matter, and does not of itself deny the justice of the plaintiff's demand. Offset is sometimes improperly used for the legal term setoff. See Recoupment.

4. (Arch.) Same as Offset, n., 4.

5. (Print.) See Offset, 7.

Syn. -- Set-off, Offset. -- Offset originally denoted that which branches off or projects, as a shoot from a tree, but the term has long been used in America in the sense of set-off. This use is beginning to obtain in England; though Macaulay uses set-off, and so, perhaps, do a majority of English writers.

 Se"ton (?), n. [F. séton (cf. It. setone), from L. seta a thick, stiff hair, a bristle.] (Med. & Far.)
 A few silk threads or horsehairs, or a strip of linen or the like, introduced beneath the skin by a knife or needle, so as to form an issue; also, the issue so formed.

 { Se*tose" (?), Se"tous (?), } a. [L. setosus, saetosus, from seta, saeta, bristle: cf. F. séteux.]
 Thickly set with bristles or bristly hairs.

 Set"out' (?), n. A display, as of plate, equipage, etc.; that which is displayed. [Coloq.] Dickens.
 Set"-stitched' (?), a. Stitched according to a formal pattern. "An old set-stiched chair, valanced, and fringed with party-colored worsted bobs." Sterne.
 Sett (?), n. See Set, n., 2 (e) and 3.

 Set*tee" (?), n. [From Set; cf. Settle a seat.] A long seat with a back, -- made to accommodate several persons at once.

 Set*tee", n. [F. scétie, scitie.] (Naut.)
 A vessel with a very long, sharp prow, carrying two or three masts with lateen sails, -- used in the Mediterranean. [Written also setee.]

 Set"ter (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, sets; -- used mostly in composition with a noun, as typesetter; or in combination with an adverb, as a setter on (or inciter), a setter up, a setter forth.

2. (Zoöl.) A hunting dog of a special breed originally derived from a cross between the spaniel and the pointer. Modern setters are usually trained to indicate the position of game birds by standing in a fixed position, but originally they indicated it by sitting or crouching.

 There are several distinct varieties of setters; as, the Irish, or red, setter; the Gordon setter, which is usually red or tan varied with black; and the English setter, which is variously colored, but usually white and tawny red, with or without black.

3. One who hunts victims for sharpers. Shak.
4. One who adapts words to music in composition.

5. An adornment; a decoration; -- with off. [Obs.


iv"a*tive*ly, adv. -- De*riv"a*tive*ness, n. De*riv"a*tive, n. 1. That which is derived; anything obtained or deduced from another.

2. (Gram.) A word formed from another word, by a prefix or suffix, an internal modification, or some other change; a word which takes its origin from a root.

3. (Mus.) A chord, not fundamental, but obtained from another by inversion; or, vice versa, a ground tone or root implied in its harmonics in an actual chord.

4. (Med.) An agent which is adapted to produce a derivation (in the medical sense).

5. (Math.) A derived function; a function obtained from a given function by a certain algebraic process.

 Except in the mode of derivation the derivative is the same as the differential coefficient. See Differential coefficient, under Differential.

6. (Chem.) A substance so related to another substance by modification or partial substitution as to be regarded as derived from it; thus, the amido compounds are derivatives of ammonia, and the hydrocarbons are derivatives of methane, benzene, etc.

 De*rive" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Derived (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Deriving.] [F. dériver, L. derivare; de- + rivus stream, brook. See Rival.] 1. To turn the course of, as water; to divert and distribute into subordinate channels; to diffuse; to communicate; to transmit; -- followed by to, into, on, upon. [Obs.]

 For fear it [water] choke up the pits... they [the workman] derive it by other drains.

Holland.
 Her due loves derived to that vile witch's share.

Spenser.
Derived to us by tradition from Adam to Noah.

Jer. Taylor.
2. To receive, as from a source or origin; to obtain by descent or by transmission; to draw; to deduce; -- followed by from.

 3. To trace the origin, descent, or derivation of; to recognize transmission of; as, he derives this word from the Anglo-Saxon.

 From these two causes... an ancient set of physicians derived all diseases.

Arbuthnot.
4. (Chem.) To obtain one substance from another by actual or theoretical substitution; as, to derive an organic acid from its corresponding hydrocarbon.

Syn. -- To trace; deduce; infer.

 De*rive" (?), v. i. To flow; to have origin; to descend; to proceed; to be deduced. Shak.
 Power from heaven Derives, and monarchs rule by gods appointed.

Prior.
 De*rive"ment (?), n. That which is derived; deduction; inference.
 [Obs.]

 I offer these derivements from these subjects.

W. Montagu.
 De*riv"er (?), n. One who derives.

 Derk (?), a. Dark. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 -derm (?). [See Derm, n.] A suffix or terminal formative, much used in anatomical terms, and signifying skin, integument, covering; as, blastoderm, ectoderm, etc.

 Derm (?), n. [Gr. de'rma, -atos, skin, fr. &?; to skin, flay: cf. F. derme. See Tear, v. t.] 1. The integument of animal; the skin.

2. (Anat.) See Dermis.

 ||Der"ma (?), n. [NL. See Derm.] (Anat.) See Dermis.

 Derm"al (?), a. [From Derm.] 1. Pertaining to the integument or skin of animals; dermic; as, the dermal secretions.

2. (Anat.) Pertaining to the dermis or true skin.

 ||Der*map"te*ra (?), Der*map"ter*an (&?;), n. (Zoöl.)
 See Dermoptera, Dermopteran.

 { Der*mat"ic (?), Der"ma*tine (?), } a. [Gr. &?;, &?;, fr.
 &?; skin.] Of or pertaining to the skin.

 Der'ma*ti"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. de'rma, -atos, skin + -itis.]
 (Med.) Inflammation of the skin.

 Der*mat"o*gen (?), n. [Gr. de'rma, -atos, skin + -gen.] (Bot.)
 Nascent epidermis, or external cuticle of plants in a forming condition.

 Der*mat"o*gen (?), n. [Gr. de'rma, -atos, skin + -gen.] (Bot.)
 Nascent epidermis, or external cuticle of plants in a forming condition.

 Der*ma*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. de'rma, -atos, skin + -graphy.]
 An anatomical description of, or treatise on, the skin.

 Der"ma*toid (?), a. [Gr. de'rma, -atos, skin + -oid: cf. F. dermatoïde. Cf. Dermoid.] Resembling skin; skinlike.

 Der'ma*tol"o*gist (?), n. One who discourses on the skin and its diseases; one versed in dermatology.

 Der'ma*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. de'rma, -atos, skin + -logy: cf. F. dermatologie.] The science which treats of the skin, its structure, functions, and diseases.

 Der'ma*to*path"ic (?), a. [Gr. de'rma, -atos, skin + pa'qos suffering.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to skin diseases, or their cure.

 Der*mat"o*phyte (dr*mt"*ft or dr"m*t*ft), n. [Gr. de'rma, -atos, skin + fyto'n plant.] (Med.) A vegetable parasite, infesting the skin. [1913 Webster] ||Der*mes"tes (?), n. [NL., from Gr. dermhsth's; de'rma skin + root of &?; to eat.] (Zoöl.) A genus of coleopterous insects, the larvæ of which feed animal substances. They are very destructive to dries meats, skins, woolens, and furs. The most common species is D. lardarius, known as the bacon beetle.

 Der*mes"toid (?), a. [Dermestes + -oid.] (Zoöl.)
 Pertaining to or resembling the genus Dermestes.

 The carpet beetle, called the buffalo moth, is a dermestoid beetle.

Pop. Sci. Monthly.
 Der"mic (?), a. 1. Relating to the derm or skin.

2. (Anat.) Pertaining to the dermis; dermal.

 Underneath each nail the deep or dermic layer of the integument is peculiarly modified.

Huxley.
Dermic remedies (Med.), such as act through the skin.

 ||Der"mis (?), n. [NL. See Derm.] (Anat.) The deep sensitive layer of the skin beneath the scarfskin or epidermis; -- called also true skin, derm, derma, corium, cutis, and enderon.
 See Skin, and Illust. in Appendix.

 ||Der'mo*bran'chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A group of nudibranch mollusks without special gills.

 Der'mo*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [Derm + branchiate.] (Zoöl.)
 Having the skin modified to serve as a gill.

 Der'mo*hæ"mal (?), a. (


; a mediator; an umpire or referee. Bouvier.
3. (Med.) Same as Sequestrum.

 Se*ques"tered (?), a. Retired; secluded. "Sequestered scenes." Cowper.
 Along the cool, sequestered vale of life.

Gray.
 Se*ques"tra*ble (?), a. Capable of being sequestered; subject or liable to sequestration.

 Se*ques"tral (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to a sequestrum. Quian.
 Se*ques"trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sequestrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Sequestrating.] To sequester.

 Seq'ues*tra"tion (?), n. [L. sequestratio: cf. F. séquestration.]
 1. (a) (Civil & Com. Law) The act of separating, or setting aside, a thing in controversy from the possession of both the parties that contend for it, to be delivered to the one adjudged entitled to it. It may be voluntary or involuntary. (b) (Chancery) A prerogative process empowering certain commissioners to take and hold a defendant's property and receive the rents and profits thereof, until he clears himself of a contempt or performs a decree of the court. (c) (Eccl. Law) A kind of execution for a rent, as in the case of a beneficed clerk, of the profits of a benefice, till he shall have satisfied some debt established by decree; the gathering up of the fruits of a benefice during a vacancy, for the use of the next incumbent; the disposing of the goods, by the ordinary, of one who is dead, whose estate no man will meddle with. Craig. Tomlins. Wharton. (d) (Internat. Law) The seizure of the property of an individual for the use of the state; particularly applied to the seizure, by a belligerent power, of debts due from its subjects to the enemy. Burrill.
2. The state of being separated or set aside; separation; retirement; seclusion from society.

 Since Henry Monmouth first began to reign,... This loathsome sequestration have I had.

Shak.
3. Disunion; disjunction. [Obs.] Boyle.
 Seq"ues*tra'tor (?), n. [L., one that hinders or impedes.] (Law) (a) One who sequesters property, or takes the possession of it for a time, to satisfy a demand out of its rents or profits. (b) One to whom the keeping of sequestered property is committed.

 ||Se*ques"trum (?), n.; pl. Sequestra (#). [NL. See Sequester.] (Med.) A portion of dead bone which becomes separated from the sound portion, as in necrosis.

 Se"quin (?), n. [F. sequin, It. zecchino, from zecca the mint, fr. Ar. sekkah, sikkah, a die, a stamp. Cf. Zechin.]
 An old gold coin of Italy and Turkey. It was first struck at Venice about the end of the 13th century, and afterward in the other Italian cities, and by the Levant trade was introduced into Turkey. It is worth about 9s.
 3d. sterling, or about $2.25. The different kinds vary somewhat in value.
 [Written also chequin, and zequin.]

 Se*quoi"a (?), n. [NL. So called by Dr. Endlicher in honor of Sequoyah, who invented the Cherokee alphabet.] (Bot.) A genus of coniferous trees, consisting of two species, Sequoia Washingtoniana, syn. S. gigantea, the "big tree" of California, and S. sempervirens, the redwood, both of which attain an immense height.

 Se*quoi"ëne (?), n. (Chem.) A hydrocarbon (C13H10) obtained in white fluorescent crystals, in the distillation products of the needles of the California "big tree" (Sequoia gigantea).

 Se*ragl"io (?), n. [It. serraglio, originally, an inclosure of palisades, afterwards also, a palace, seraglio (by confusion with Per.
 serïa a palace, an entirely different word), fr. serrare to shut, fr. LL. serra a bar for fastening doors, L. sera.
 See Serry, Series.] 1. An inclosure; a place of separation. [Obs.]

 I went to the Ghetto, where the Jews dwell as in a suburb, by themselves. I passed by the piazza Judea, where their seraglio begins.

Evelyn.
2. The palace of the Grand Seignior, or Turkish sultan, at Constantinople, inhabited by the sultan himself, and all the officers and dependents of his court. In it are also kept the females of the harem.

3. A harem; a place for keeping wives or concubines; sometimes, loosely, a place of licentious pleasure; a house of debauchery.

 ||Se*ra"i (?), n. [Per. serï, or sarï, a palace, a king's court, a seraglio, an inn. Cf. Caravansary.] A palace; a seraglio; also, in the East, a place for the accommodation of travelers; a caravansary, or rest house.

 Ser'al*bu"men (?), n. (Physiol. CHem.) Serum albumin.

 ||Se*rang" (?), n. [Per. sarhang a commander.] The boatswain of a Lascar or East Ondian crew.

 ||Se*ra"pe (?), n. [Sp. Amer. sarape.] A blanket or shawl worn as an outer garment by the Spanish Americans, as in Mexico.

 Ser"aph (?), n.; pl. E. Seraphs (#), Heb. Seraphim (#). [Heb. serphim, pl.] One of an order of celestial beings, each having three pairs of wings. In ecclesiastical art and in poetry, a seraph is represented as one of a class of angels. Isa. vi. 2.
 As full, as perfect, in vile man that mourns, As the rapt seraph that adores and burns.

Pope.
Seraph moth (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of geometrid moths of the genus Lobophora, having the hind wings deeply bilobed, so that they seem to have six wings.

 { Se*raph"ic (?), Se*raph"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. séraphique.]
 Of or pertaining to a seraph; becoming, or suitable to, a seraph; angelic; sublime; pure; refined. "Seraphic arms and trophies." Milton.
 "Seraphical fervor." Jer. Taylor. -- Se*raph"ic*al*ly, adv.
 -- Se*raph"ic*al*ness, n. Se*raph"i*cism (?), n. The character, quality, or state of a seraph; seraphicalness. [R.] Cudworth.
 Ser"a*phim (?), n. The Hebrew plural of Seraph. Cf. Cherubim.

 The double plural form seraphims is sometimes used, as in the King James version of the Bible, Isa. vi. 2 and 6.
 Ser'a*phi"na (?), n. [NL.] A seraphine.

 Ser"a*phine (?), n. [From Seraph.] (Mus.) A wind instrument whose sounding parts are reeds, consisting of a thin tongue of brass playing freely through a slot in a plate. It has a case, like a piano, and is played by means of a similar keybord, the bellows being worked by the foot. The melodeon is a portable variety of this instrument.

 ||Se*ra"pis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?;, &?;&?;&?;.]
 (Myth.) An Egyptian deity, at first a symbol of the Nile, and so of fertility; later,


behave in this manner?" said I to my companion.
"Oh, she was cenfigenus, sir," he replied; "she did not like that an English gentleman should understand Welsh; she was envious; you will find a dozen or two like her in Wales; but let us hope not more." Presently the woman returned with the bread, cheese and ale, which she placed on the table.
"Oh," said I, "you have brought what was bidden, though it was never mentioned to you in English, which shows that your pretending not to understand was all a sham. What made you behave so?" "Why I thought," said the woman, "that no Englishman could speak Welsh, that his tongue was too short." "Your having thought so," said I, "should not have made you tell a falsehood, saying that you did not understand, when you knew that you understood very well.
See what a disgraceful figure you cut." "I cut no disgraced figure," said the woman: "after all, what right have the English to come here speaking Welsh, which belongs to the Welsh alone, who in fact are the only people that understand it." "Are you sure that you understand Welsh?" said I.
"I should think so," said the woman, "for I come from the Vale of Clwyd, where they speak the best Welsh in the world, the Welsh of the Bible." "What do they call a salmon in the Vale of Clwyd?" said I.
"What do they call a salmon?" said the woman. "Yes," said I, "when they speak Welsh." "They call it—they call it—why a salmon." "Pretty Welsh!" said I. "I thought you did not understand Welsh." "Well, what do you call it?" said the woman.
"Eawg," said I, "that is the word for a salmon in general—but there are words also to show the sex—when you speak of a male salmon you should say cemyw, when of a female hwyfell." "I never heard the words before," said the woman, "nor do I believe them to be Welsh." "You say so," said I, "because you do not understand Welsh." "I not understand Welsh!" said she.
"I'll soon show you that I do. Come, you have asked me the word for salmon in Welsh, I will now ask you the word for salmon-trout. Now tell me that, and I will say you know something of the matter." "A tinker of my country can tell you that," said I. "The word for salmon-trout is gleisiad." The countenance of the woman fell.
"I see you know something about the matter," said she; "there are very few hereabouts, though so near to the Vale of Clwyd, who know the word for salmon-trout in Welsh, I shouldn't have known the word myself, but for the song which says: Glân yw'r gleisiad yn y llyn." "And who wrote that song?" said I.
"I don't know," said the woman.
"But I do," said I; "one Lewis Morris wrote it.' "Oh," said she, "I have heard all about Huw Morris." "I was not talking of Huw Morris," said I, "but Lewis Morris, who lived long after Huw Morris.
He was a native of Anglesea, but resided for some time in Merionethshire, and whilst there composed a song about the Morwynion bro Meirionydd or the lasses of County Merion of a great many stanzas, in one of which the gleisiad is mentioned. Here it is in English: "'Full fair the gleisiad in the flood, Which sparkles 'neath the summer's sun, And fair the thrush in green abode Spreading his wings in sportive fun, But fairer look if truth be spoke, The maids of County Merion.'" The woman was about to reply, but I interrupted her.
"There," said I, "pray leave us to our breakfast, and the next time you feel inclined to talk nonsense about no Englishman's understanding Welsh, or knowing anything of Welsh matters, remember that it was an Englishman who told you the Welsh word for salmon, and likewise the name of the Welshman who wrote the song in which the gleisiad is mentioned." The ale was very good and so were the bread and cheese.
The ale indeed was so good that I ordered a second jug.
Observing a large antique portrait over the mantel-piece I got up to examine it. It was that of a gentleman in a long wig, and underneath it was painted in red letters "Sir Watkin Wynn: 1742." It was doubtless the portrait of the Sir Watkin who, in 1745 was committed to the tower under suspicion of being suspected of holding Jacobite opinions, and favouring the Pretender. The portrait was a very poor daub, but I looked at it long and attentively as a memorial of Wales at a critical and long past time.
When we had dispatched the second jug of ale, and I had paid the reckoning, we departed and soon came to where stood a turnpike house at a junction of two roads, to each of which was a gate.
"Now, sir," said John Jones, "the way straight forward is the ffordd newydd, and the one on our right hand is the hen ffordd. Which shall we follow, the new or the old?" "There is a proverb in the Gerniweg," said I, "which was the language of my forefathers, saying, 'ne'er leave the old way for the new,' we will therefore go by the hen ffordd." "Very good, sir," said my guide, "that is the path I always go, for it is the shortest." So we turned to the right and followed the old road. Perhaps, however, it would have been well had we gone by the new, for the hen ffordd was a very dull and uninteresting road, whereas the ffordd newydd, as I long subsequently found, is one of the grandest passes in Wales. After we had walked a short distance my guide said, "Now, sir, if you will turn a little way to the left hand I will show you a house, built in the old style, such a house, sir, as I daresay the original turf tavern was." Then leading me a little way from the road he showed me, under a hollow bank, a small cottage covered with flags.
"That is a house, sir, built yn yr hen dull in the old fashion, of earth, flags and wattles and in one night. It was the custom of old when a house was to be built, for the people to assemble, and to build it in one night of common materials, close at hand. The custom is not quite dead. I was at the building of this myself, and a merry building it was. The cwrw da passed quickly about among the builders, I assure you." We returned to the road, and when we had ascended a hill, my companion told me that if I looked to the left I should see the Vale of Clwyd.
I looked and perceived an extensive valley pleasantly dotted with trees and farm-houses, and bounded on the west by a range of hills.
"It is a fine valley, sir," said my guide, "four miles wide and twenty long, and contains the richest land in all Wales. Cheese made in that valley, sir, fetches a penny a pound more than cheese made in any other valley." "And who owns it?" said I.
"Various are the people who own it, sir, but Sir Watkin owns the greater part." We went on, passed by a village called Craig Vychan, where we saw a number of women washing at a fountain, and by a gentle descent soon reached the Vale of Clwyd.
After walking about a mile we left the road and proceeded by a footpath across some meadows. The meadows were green and delightful and were intersected by a beautiful stream.
Trees in abundance were growing about, some of which were oaks. We passed by a little white chapel with a small graveyard before it, which my guide told me belonged to the Baptists, and shortly afterwards reached Ruthyn.
We went to an inn


renowned dandy and lady-killer." Blackw. Mag.
 La"dy-kill'ing, n. The art or practice of captivating the hearts of women.

 Better for the sake of womankind that this dangerous dog should leave off lady-killing.

Thackeray.
 La"dy*kin (?), n. [Lady + - kin.] A little lady; -- applied by the writers of Queen Elizabeth's time, in the abbreviated form Lakin, to the Virgin Mary.

 The diminutive does not refer to size, but is equivalent to "dear." Brewer.
 La"dy*like' (?), a. 1. Like a lady in appearance or manners; well-bred.

 She was ladylike, too, after the manner of the feminine gentility of those days.

Hawthorne.
2. Becoming or suitable to a lady; as, ladylike manners.
 "With fingers ladylike." Warner.
3. Delicate; tender; feeble; effeminate.

 Too ladylike a long fatigue to bear.

Dryden.
 La"dy*like'ness (?), n. The quality or state of being ladylike.

 La"dy*love' (?), n. A sweetheart or mistress.

 La"dy's bed"straw' (?), (Bot.) The common bedstraw (Galium verum); also, a slender-leaved East Indian shrub (Pharnaceum Mollugo), with white flowers in umbels.

 La"dy's bow"er (?). (Bot.) A climbing plant with fragrant blossoms (Clematis vitalba).

 This term is sometimes applied to other plants of the same genus.

 La"dy's comb" (?), (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant (Scandix Pecten-Veneris), its clusters of long slender fruits remotely resembling a comb.

 La"dy's cush"ion (?), (Bot.) An herb growing in dense tufts; the thrift (Armeria vulgaris).

 La"dy's fin"ger (?), 1. pl. (Bot.) The kidney vetch.

2. (Cookery) A variety of small cake of about the dimensions of a finger.

3. A long, slender variety of the potato.

4. (Zoöl.) One of the branchiæ of the lobster.

 La"dy's gar"ters (?). (Bot.) Ribbon grass.

 La"dy's hair" (?). (Bot.) A plant of the genus Briza (B. media); a variety of quaking grass.

 La"dy*ship (?), n. The rank or position of a lady; -- given as a title (preceded by her or your).

 Your ladyship shall observe their gravity.

B. Jonson.
 La"dy's la"ces (?). (Bot.) A slender climbing plant; dodder.

 La"dy's look"ing-glass' (?). (Bot.) See Venus's looking-glass, under Venus.

 La"dy's man"tle (?). (Bot.) A genus of rosaceous herbs (Alchemilla), esp. the European A. vulgaris, which has leaves with rounded and finely serrated lobes.

 La"dy's seal" (?).(Bot.) (a) The European Solomon's seal (Polygonatum verticillatum). (b) The black bryony (Tamus communis).

 La"dy's slip"per (?). (Bot.) Any orchidaceous plant of the genus Cypripedium, the labellum of which resembles a slipper. Less commonly, in the United States, the garden balsam (Impatiens Balsamina).

 La"dy's smock" (?). (Bot.) A plant of the genus Cardamine (C. pratensis); cuckoo flower.

 La"dy's thim"ble (?). (Bot.) The harebell.

 La"dy's thumb" (?). (Bot.) An annual weed (Polygonum Persicaria), having a lanceolate leaf with a dark spot in the middle.

 { La"dy's tra"ces (?), La"dies' tress"es (?). } (Bot.) A name given to several species of the orchidaceous genus Spiranthes, in which the white flowers are set in spirals about a slender axis and remotely resemble braided hair.

 ||Læ"laps (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a dark, furious storm.] (Paleon.) A genus of huge, carnivorous, dinosaurian reptiles from the Cretaceous formation of the United States. They had very large hind legs and tail, and are supposed to have been bipedal. Some of the species were about eighteen feet high.

 Laem"mer*gey'er (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Lammergeir.

 Læ*mod"i*pod (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Læmodipoda.

 ||Læ'mo*dip"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; throat + &?; twice + &?;, &?;, foot.] (Zoöl.) A division of amphipod Crustacea, in which the abdomen is small or rudimentary and the legs are often reduced to five pairs. The whale louse, or Cyamus, and Caprella are examples.

 Læ'mo*dip"o*dous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Læmodipoda.

 Læ*te"re Sun"day (?). The fourth Sunday of Lent; -- so named from the Latin word Lætare (rejoice), the first word in the antiphone of the introit sung that day in the Roman Catholic service.

 Læv"i*gate (?), a. [See Levigate.] (Biol.) Having a smooth surface, as if polished.

 Læ"vo- (?). A prefix. See Levo.

 Læ"vo*ro"ta*to*ry (?), a. Same as Levorotatory. Cf.
 Dextrorotatory.

 Læv"u*lose' (?), n. (Chem.) See Levulose.

 La'fa'yette" (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The dollar fish. (b) A market fish, the goody, or spot (Liostomus xanthurus), of the southern coast of the United States.

 Laft (?), obs. p. p. of Leave. Chaucer.
 Laf"te (?), obs. imp. of Leave. Chaucer.
 Lag (?), a. [Of Celtic origin: cf. Gael. & Ir. lagweak, feeble, faint, W. llag, llac, slack, loose, remiss, sluggish; prob. akin to E. lax, languid.] 1. Coming tardily after or behind; slow; tardy. [Obs.]

 Came too lag to see him buried.

Shak.
2. Last; long-delayed; -- obsolete, except in the phrase lag end.
 "The lag end of my life." Shak.
 3. Last made; hence, made of refuse; inferior. [Obs.] "Lag souls." Dryden.
 Lag (?), n. 1. One who lags; that which comes in last.
 [Obs.] "The lag of all the flock." Pope.
2. The fag-end; the rump; hence, the lowest class.

 The common lag of people.

Shak.
3. The amount of retardation of anything, as of a valve in a steam engine, in opening or closing.

4. A stave of a cask, drum, etc.; especially (Mach.), one of the narrow boards or staves forming the covering of a cylindrical object, as a boiler, or the cylinder of a carding machine or a steam engine.

5. (Zoöl.) See Graylag.

Lag of the tide, the interval by which the time of high water falls behind the mean time, in the


Tales of Aztlan, The Romance of a Hero of our Late Spanish-American War, Incidents of Interest from the Life of a western Pioneer and Other Tales.
by George Hartmann A note about this book: A Maid of Yavapai, the final entry in this book, is dedicated to SMH. This refers to Sharlot M. Hall, a famous Arizona settler. The copy of the book that was used to make this etext is dedicated: With my compliments and a Happy Easter, Apr 5th 1942, To Miss Sharlot M. Hall, from The daughter of the Author, Carrie S. Allison, Presented March 31st, 1942, Prescott, Arizona.
1908 Revised edition Memorial That this volume may serve to keep forever fresh the memory of a hero, Captain William Owen O'Neill, U. S. V., is the fervent wish of The Author.
CONTENTS I. A FRAIL BARK, TOSSED ON LIFE'S TEMPESTUOUS SEAS II.
PERILOUS JOURNEY III.
THE MYSTERY OF THE SMOKING RUIN. STALKING A WARRIOR. THE AMBUSH IV.
A STRANGE LAND AND STRANGER PEOPLE V. ON THE RIO GRANDE. AN ABSTRACT OF THE AUTHOR'S GENEALOGY OF MATERNAL LINEAGE VI.
INDIAN LORE. THE WILY NAVAJO VII.
THE FIGHT IN THE SAND HILLS. THE PHANTOM DOG VIII.
WITH THE NAVAJO TRIBE IX.
IN ARIZONA X. AT THE SHRINE OF A "SPHINX OF AZTLAN" AN UNCANNY STONE.

L'ENVOY.

THE BIRTH OF ARIZONA. (AN ALLEGORICAL TALE.)

A ROYAL FIASCO.

A MAID OF YAVAPAI.
CHAPTER I. A FRAIL BARK, TOSSED ON LIFE'S TEMPESTUOUS SEAS A native of Germany, I came to the United States soon after the Civil War, a healthy, strong boy of fifteen years. My destination was a village on the Rio Grande, in New Mexico, where I had relatives. I was expected to arrive at Junction City, in the State of Kansas, on a day of June, 1867, and proceed on my journey with a train of freight wagons over the famous old Santa Fe trail.
Junction City was then the terminal point of a railway system which extended its track westward across the great American plains, over the virgin prairie, the native haunt of the buffalo and fleet-footed antelope, the iron horse trespassing on the hunting ground of the Arapahoe and Comanche Indian tribes. As a mercantile supply depot for New Mexico and Colorado, Junction City was the port from whence a numerous fleet of prairie schooners sailed, laden with the necessities and luxuries of an advancing civilization. But not every sailor reached his destined port, for many were they who were sent by the pirates of the plains over unknown trails, to the shores of the great Beyond, their scalpless bodies left on the prairie, a prey to vultures and coyotes.
If the plans of my relatives had developed according to program, this story would probably not have been told. Indians on the warpath attacked the wagon train which I was presumed to have joined, a short distance out from Junction City. They killed and scalped several teamsters and also a young German traveler; stampeded and drove off a number of mules and burned up several wagons. This was done while fording the Arkansas River, near Fort Dodge. I was delayed near Kansas City under circumstances which preclude the supposition of chance and indicate a subtle and Inexorably fatal power at work for the preservation of my life—a force which with the giant tread of the earthquake devastates countries and lays cities in ruins; that awful power which on wings of the cyclone slays the innocent babe in its cradle and harms not the villain, or vice versa; that inscrutable spirit which creates and lovingly shelters the sparrow over night and then at dawn hands it to the owl to serve him for his breakfast. Safe I was under the guidance of the same loving, paternal Providence which in death delivereth the innocent babe from evil and temptation, shields the little sparrow from all harm forever, and incidentally provides thereby for the hungry owl.
I should have changed cars at Kansas City, but being asleep at the critical time and overlooked by the conductor, I passed on to a station beyond the Missouri River. There the conductor aroused me and put me off the train without ceremony. I was forced to return, and reached the river without any mishap, as it was a beautiful moonlight night. I crossed the long bridge with anxiety, for it was a primitive-looking structure, built on piles, and I had to step from tie to tie, looking continually down at the swirling waters of the great, muddy river. As I realized the possibility of meeting a train, I crossed over it, running. At last I reached the opposite shore. It was nearly dawn now, and I walked to the only house in sight, a long, low building of logs and, being very tired, I sat down on the veranda and soon fell asleep.
It was not long after sunrise that a sinister, evil-looking person, smelling vilely of rum, woke me up roughly and asked me what I did there. When he learned that I was traveling to New Mexico and had lost my way, he grew very polite and invited me into the house.
We entered a spacious hall, which served as a dining-room, where eight young ladies were busily engaged arranging tables and furniture. The man intimated that he kept a hotel and begged the young ladies to see to my comfort and bade me consider myself as being at home. The girls were surprised and delighted to meet me and overwhelmed me with questions. They expressed the greatest concern and interest when they learned that I was about to cross the plains.
"Poor little Dutchy," said one, "how could your mother send you out all alone into the cruel, wide world!" "Mercy, and among the Indians, too," said another. When I replied that my dear mother had sent me away because she loved me truly, as she knew that I had a better chance to prosper in the United States than in the Fatherland, they called me a cute little chap and smothered me with their kisses.
The tallest and sweetest of these girls (her name was Rose) pulled my ears teasingly and asked if her big, little man was not afraid of the Indians. "Not I, madame," I replied; "for my father charged me to be honest and loyal, brave and true, and fear not and prove myself a worthy scion of the noble House of Von Siebeneich." "Oh, my! Oh, my!"
cried the young ladies, and "Did you ever!" and "No, I never!" and "Who would have thought it!" Regarding me wide-eyed with astonishment, they listened with bated breath as I explained that I was a lineal descendant of the Knight Hartmann von Siebeneich, who achieved everlasting fame through impersonating the Emperor Frederick (Barbarossa) of Germany, in order to prevent his capture by the enemy.
I told how the commander of the Italian army, inspired with admiration by the desperate valor of the loyal knight, released him and did honor him greatly. And how this noble knight, my father's ancestor, followed the Emperor Frederick to the Holy Land and fought the Saracens. "And," added I, "my father's great book of heraldry contains the legend of the curse which fell on our house through the villainy of the Imperial Grand Chancellor of Blazonry, who was commanded to devise and procure a brand new heraldic escutcheon for our family.
"He blazoned our shield with the ominous motto, 'in der fix, Haben nix,' over gules d'or on a stony field, which was sown to a harvest of tares and oats, and embossed with a whirlwind rampant. As they were in knightly honor bound to live up to the motto on their shield, my ancestor were doomed to remain poor forever. At


; See bagbiter.
A hand gesture commonly accompanies this. To perform it, hold the four fingers together and place the thumb against their tips.
Now open and close your hand rapidly to suggest a biting action (much like what Pac-Man does in the classic video game, though this pantomime seems to predate that). The gesture alone means 'chomp chomp' (see "Verb Doubling" in the "Jargon Construction" section of the Prependices). The hand may be pointed at the object of complaint, and for real emphasis you can use both hands at once.
Doing this to a person is equivalent to saying "You chomper!" If you point the gesture at yourself, it is a humble but humorous admission of some failure. You might do this if someone told you that a program you had written had failed in some surprising way and you felt dumb for not having anticipated it.
Node:chomper, Next:CHOP, Previous:chomp, Up:= C = chomper n. Someone or something that is chomping; a loser. See loser, bagbiter, chomp.
Node:CHOP, Next:Christmas tree, Previous:chomper, Up:= C = CHOP /chop/ n.
[IRC] See channel op.
Node:Christmas tree, Next:Christmas tree packet, Previous:CHOP, Up:= C = Christmas tree n. A kind of RS-232 line tester or breakout box featuring rows of blinking red and green LEDs suggestive of Christmas lights.
Node:Christmas tree packet, Next:chrome, Previous:Christmas tree, Up:= C = Christmas tree packet n. A packet with every single option set for whatever protocol is in use. See kamikaze packet, Chernobyl packet. (The term doubtless derives from a fanciful image of each little option bit being represented by a different-colored light bulb, all turned on.) Compare Godzillagram.
Node:chrome, Next:chug, Previous:Christmas tree packet, Up:= C = chrome n.
[from automotive slang via wargaming] Showy features added to attract users but contributing little or nothing to the power of a system. "The 3D icons in Motif are just chrome, but they certainly are pretty chrome!" Distinguished from bells and whistles by the fact that the latter are usually added to gratify developers' own desires for featurefulness. Often used as a term of contempt.
Node:chug, Next:Church of the SubGenius, Previous:chrome, Up:= C = chug vi.
To run slowly; to grind or grovel. "The disk is chugging like crazy."
Node:Church of the SubGenius, Next:Cinderella Book, Previous:chug, Up:= C = Church of the SubGenius n. A mutant offshoot of Discordianism launched in 1981 as a spoof of fundamentalist Christianity by the 'Reverend' Ivan Stang, a brilliant satirist with a gift for promotion. Popular among hackers as a rich source of bizarre imagery and references such as "Bob" the divine drilling-equipment salesman, the Benevolent Space Xists, and the Stark Fist of Removal. Much SubGenius theory is concerned with the acquisition of the mystical substance or quality of slack. There is a home page at _URL_
Node:Cinderella Book, Next:CI$, Previous:Church of the SubGenius, Up:= C = Cinderella Book [CMU] n.
"Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation", by John Hopcroft and Jeffrey Ullman, (Addison-Wesley, 1979). So called because the cover depicts a girl (putatively Cinderella) sitting in front of a Rube Goldberg device and holding a rope coming out of it. On the back cover, the device is in shambles after she has (inevitably) pulled on the rope. See also book titles.
Node:CI$, Next:Classic C, Previous:Cinderella Book, Up:= C = CI$ // n. Hackerism for 'CIS', CompuServe Information Service. The dollar sign refers to CompuServe's rather steep line charges.
Often used in sig blocks just before a CompuServe address. Syn. Compu$erve.
Node:Classic C, Next:clean, Previous:CI$, Up:= C = Classic C /klas'ik C/ n.
[a play on 'Coke Classic'] The C programming language as defined in the first edition of K&R, with some small additions. It is also known as 'K&R C'. The name came into use while C was being standardized by the ANSI X3J11 committee. Also 'C Classic'.
An analogous construction is sometimes applied elsewhere: thus, 'X Classic', where X = Star Trek (referring to the original TV series) or X = PC (referring to IBM's ISA-bus machines as opposed to the PS/2 series). This construction is especially used of product series in which the newer versions are considered serious losers relative to the older ones.
Node:clean, Next:CLM, Previous:Classic C, Up:= C = clean 1. adj.
Used of hardware or software designs, implies 'elegance in the small', that is, a design or implementation that may not hold any surprises but does things in a way that is reasonably intuitive and relatively easy to comprehend from the outside. The antonym is 'grungy' or crufty. 2. v. To remove unneeded or undesired files in a effort to reduce clutter: "I'm cleaning up my account." "I cleaned up the garbage and now have 100 Meg free on that partition."
Node:CLM, Next:clobber, Previous:clean, Up:= C = CLM /C-L-M/ [Sun: 'Career Limiting Move'] 1. n. An action endangering one's future prospects of getting plum projects and raises, and possibly one's job: "His Halloween costume was a parody of his manager. He won the prize for 'best CLM'." 2. adj. Denotes extreme severity of a bug, discovered by a customer and obviously missed earlier because of poor testing: "That's a CLM bug!"
Node:clobber, Next:clock, Previous:CLM, Up:= C = clobber vt.
To overwrite, usually unintentionally: "I walked off the end of the array and clobbered the stack." Compare mung, scribble, trash, and smash the stack.
Node:clock, Next:clocks, Previous:clobber, Up:= C = clock 1. n 1. [techspeak] The master oscillator that steps a CPU or other digital circuit through its paces. This has nothing to do with the time of day, although the software counter that keeps track of the latter may be derived from the former. 2. vt. To run a CPU or other digital circuit at a particular rate. "If you clock it at 100MHz, it gets warm.". See overclock. 3. vt. To force a digital circuit from one state to the next by applying a single clock pulse. "The data must be stable 10ns before you clock the latch."
Node:clocks, Next:clone, Previous:clock, Up:= C = clocks n. Processor logic cycles, so called because each generally corresponds to one clock pulse in the processor's timing. The relative execution times of instructions on a machine are usually discussed in clocks rather than absolute fractions of a second; one good reason for this is that clock speeds for various models of the machine may increase as technology improves, and it is usually the relative times one is interested in when discussing the instruction set. Compare cycle, jiffy.
Node:clone, Next:clone-and-hack coding, Previous:clocks, Up:= C = clone n.
1. An exact duplicate: "Our product is a clone of their product." Implies a legal reimplementation from documentation or by reverse-engineering. Also connotes lower price. 2. A shoddy, spurious copy: "Their product is a clone of our product." 3. A blatant ripoff, most likely violating copyright, patent, or trade secret protections: "Your product is a clone of my product." This use implies legal action is pending. 4. 'PC clone:' a PC-BUS/ISA or EISA-compatible 80x86-based microcomputer (this use is sometimes spelled 'klone' or 'PClone