this subject. There are several works in the field, but the most comprehensive theory as yet put forward is one that concerns us, as it has given a new lease of life to the old solar interpretation of the Deluge story.

 In a land such as Egypt, where there is little rain and the sky is always clear, the sun in its splendour tended from the earliest period to dominate the national consciousness. As intercourse increased along the Nile Valley, centres of Sun-worship ceased to be merely local, and the political rise of a city determined the fortunes of its cult. From the proto-dynastic period onward, the "King of the two Lands" had borne the title of "Horus" as the lineal descendant of the great Sun-god of Edfu, and the rise of Ra in the Vth Dynasty, through the priesthood of Heliopolis, was confirmed in the solar theology of the Middle Kingdom.
 Thus it was that other deities assumed a solar character as forms of Ra.
 Amen, the local god of Thebes, becomes Amen-Ra with the political rise of his city, and even the old Crocodile-god, Sebek, soars into the sky as Sebek-Ra. The only other movement in the religion of ancient Egypt, comparable in importance to this solar development, was the popular cult of Osiris as God of the Dead, and with it the official religion had to come to terms. Horus is reborn as the posthumous son of Osiris, and Ra gladdens his abode during his nightly journey through the Underworld. The theory with which we are concerned suggests that this dominant trait in Egyptian religion passed, with other elements of culture, beyond the bounds of the Nile Valley and influenced the practice and beliefs of distant races.

 This suggestion has been gradually elaborated by its author, Professor Elliot Smith, who has devoted much attention to the anatomical study of Egyptian mummification. Beginning with a scrutiny of megalithic building and sun-worship,(1) he has subsequently deduced, from evidence of common distribution, the existence of a culture-complex, including in addition to these two elements the varied practices of tattooing, circumcision, ear-piercing, that quaint custom known as couvade, head-deformation, and the prevalence of serpent-cults, myths of petrifaction and the Deluge, and finally of mummification. The last ingredient was added after an examination of Papuan mummies had disclosed their apparent resemblance in points of detail to Egyptian mummies of the XXIst Dynasty. As a result he assumes the existence of an early cultural movement, for which the descriptive title "heliolithic" has been coined.(2) Starting with Egypt as its centre, one of the principal lines of its advance is said to have lain through Syria and Mesopotamia and thence along the coastlands of Asia to the Far East. The method of distribution and the suggested part played by the Phoenicians have been already criticized sufficiently. But in a modified form the theory has found considerable support, especially among ethnologists interested in Indonesia. I do not propose to examine in detail the evidence for or against it. It will suffice to note that the Deluge story and its alleged Egyptian origin in solar worship form one of the prominent strands in its composition.

 One weakness of this particular strand is that the Egyptians themselves possessed no tradition of the Deluge. Indeed the annual inundation of the Nile is not such as would give rise to a legend of world-destruction; and in this respect it presents a striking contrast to the Tigris and Euphrates. The ancient Egyptian's conception of his own gentle river is reflected in the form he gave the Nile-god, for Hapi is represented as no fierce warrior or monster. He is given a woman's breasts as a sign of his fecundity. The nearest Egyptian parallel to the Deluge story is the "Legend of the Destruction of Mankind", which is engraved on the walls of a chamber in the tomb of Seti I.(1) The late Sir Gaston Maspero indeed called it "a dry deluge myth", but his paradox was intended to emphasize the difference as much as the parallelism presented. It is true that in the Egyptian myth the Sun-god causes mankind to be slain because of their impiety, and he eventually pardons the survivors. The narrative thus betrays undoubted parallelism to the Babylonian and Hebrew stories, so far as concerns the attempted annihilation of mankind by the offended god, but there the resemblance ends. For water has no part in man's destruction, and the essential element of a Deluge story is thus absent.(2) Our new Sumerian document, on the other hand, contains what is by far the earliest example yet recovered of a genuine Deluge tale; and we may thus use it incidentally to test this theory of Egyptian influence, and also to ascertain whether it furnishes any positive evidence on the origin of Deluge stories in general.

 The tablet on which our new version of the Deluge is inscribed was excavated at Nippur during the third Babylonian expedition sent out by the University of Pennsylvania; but it was not until the summer of 1912 that its contents were identified, when the several fragments of which it was composed were assembled and put together. It is a large document, containing six columns of writing, three on each side; but unfortunately only the lower half has been recovered, so that considerable gaps occur in the text.(1) The sharp edges of the broken surface, however, suggest that it was damaged after removal from the soil, and the possibility remains that some of the missing fragments may yet be recovered either at Pennsylvania or in the Museum at Constantinople. As it is not dated, its age must be determined mainly by the character of its script. A close examination of the writing suggests that it can hardly have been inscribed as late as the Kassite Dynasty, since two or three signs exhibit more archaic forms than occur on any tablets of that period;(2) and such linguistic corruptions as have been noted in its text may well be accounted for by the process of decay which must have already affected the Sumerian language at the time of the later kings of Nisin. Moreover, the tablet bears a close resemblance to one of the newly published copies of the Sumerian Dynastic List from Nippur;(3) for both are of the same shape and composed of the same reddish-brown clay, and both show the same peculiarities of writing. The two tablets in fact appear to have been written by the same hand, and as that copy of the Dynastic List was probably drawn up before the latter half of the First Dynasty of Babylon, we may assign the same approximate date for the writing of our text. This of course only fixes a lower limit for the age of the myth which it enshrines.

 That the composition is in the form of a poem may be seen at a glance from the external appearance of the tablet, the division of many of the lines and the blank spaces frequently left between the sign-groups being due to the rhythmical character of the text. The style of the poetry may be simple and abrupt, but it exhibits a familiar feature of both Semitic-Babylonian and Hebrew poetry, in its constant employment of partial repetition or paraphrase in parallel lines. The story it tells is very primitive and in many respects unlike the Babylonian Versions of the Deluge which we already possess. Perhaps its most striking peculiarity is the setting of the story, which opens with a record of the creation of man and animals, goes on to tell how the first cities were built, and ends with a version of the Deluge, which is thus recounted in its relation to the Sumerian history of the world. This literary connexion between the Creation and Deluge narratives is of unusual interest, in view of the age of our text. In the Babylonian Versions hitherto known they are included in separate epics with quite different contexts. Here they are recounted together in a single document, much as they probably were in the history of Berossus and as we find them in the present form of the Book of Genesis. This fact will open up some interesting problems when we attempt to trace the literary descent of the tradition.

 But one important point about the text should be emphasized at once, since it will affect our understanding of some very obscure passages, of which no satisfactory explanation has yet been given. The assumption has hitherto been made that the text is an epic pure and simple. It is


affection in the eye a resupination of the figure.

Sir H. Wotton.
 Re'su*pine" (?), a. [L. resupinus; pref. rere- + supinus bent backward, supine.] Lying on the back; supine; hence, careless. Sir K. Digby.
 He spake, and, downward swayed, fell resupine, With his huge neck aslant.

Cowper.
 Re'sup*ply" (?), v. t. To supply again.

 Re*sur"gence (?), n. The act of rising again; resurrection.

 Re*sur"gent (?), a. [L. resurgens, -entis, p. pr. of resurgere. See Resurrection.] Rising again, as from the dead. Coleridge.
 Re*sur"gent, n. One who rises again, as from the dead. [R.] Sydney Smith.
 Res'ur*rect" (?), v. t. [See Resurrection.] 1. To take from the grave; to disinter. [Slang] 2. To reanimate; to restore to life; to bring to view (that which was forgotten or lost). [Slang] Res'ur*rec"tion (?), n. [F. résurrection, L. resurrectio, fr. resurgere, resurrectum, to rise again; pref. rere- + surgere to rise. See Source.] 1. A rising again; the resumption of vigor.

2. Especially, the rising again from the dead; the resumption of life by the dead; as, the resurrection of Jesus Christ; the general resurrection of all the dead at the Day of Judgment.

 Nor after resurrection shall he stay Longer on earth.

Milton.
3. State of being risen from the dead; future state.

 In the resurrection they neither marry nor are given in marriage.

Matt. xxii. 30.
4. The cause or exemplar of a rising from the dead.

 I am the resurrection, and the life.

John xi. 25.
Cross of the resurrection, a slender cross with a pennant floating from the junction of the bars. -- Resurrection plant (Bot.), a name given to several species of Selaginella (as S. convoluta and S. lepidophylla), flowerless plants which, when dry, close up so as to resemble a bird's nest, but revive and expand again when moistened. The name is sometimes also given to the rose of Jericho. See under Rose.

 Res'ur*rec"tion*ist (?), n. One who steals bodies from the grave, as for dissection. [Slang] Res'ur*rec"tion*ize (?), v. t. To raise from the dead. [R.] Southey.
 Re'sur*vey" (?), v. t. To survey again or anew; to review. Shak.
 Re*sur"vey (?), n. A second or new survey.

 Re*sus"ci*ta*ble (?), a. Capable of resuscitation; as, resuscitable plants. Boyle.
 Re*sus"ci*tant (?), n. One who, or that which resuscitates. Also used adjectively.

 Re*sus"ci*tate (?), a. [L. resuscitatus, p. p. of resuscitare; pref. rere- + suscitare to raise, rouse. See Suscitate.]
 Restored to life. [R.] Bp. Gardiner.
 Re*sus"ci*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Resuscitated (?);p. pr. & vb. n. Resuscitating.] To revivify; to revive; especially, to recover or restore from apparent death; as, to resuscitate a drowned person; to resuscitate withered plants.

 Re*sus"ci*tate, v. i. To come to life again; to revive.

 These projects, however often slain, always resuscitate.

J. S. Mill.
 Re*sus'ci*ta"tion (?), n. [L. resuscitatio.] The act of resuscitating, or state of being resuscitated.

 The subject of resuscitation by his sorceries.

Sir W. Scott.
 Re*sus"ci*ta*tive (?), a. Tending to resuscitate; reviving; revivifying.

 Re*sus"ci*ta'tor (?), n. [L.] One who, or that which, resuscitates.

 Ret (?), v. t. See Aret. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Ret, v. t. [Akin to rot.] To prepare for use, as flax, by separating the fibers from the woody part by process of soaking, macerating, and other treatment. Ure.
 Re*ta"ble (?), n. (Eccl.) A shelf behind the altar, for display of lights, vases of wlowers, etc.

 Re"tail (?), n. [F. retaille piece cut off, shred, paring, or OF. retail, from retailler. See Retail, v.] The sale of commodities in small quantities or parcels; -- opposed to wholesale; sometimes, the sale of commodities at second hand.

 Re"tail, a. Done at retail; engaged in retailing commodities; as a retail trade; a retail grocer.

 Re*tail" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retailed (?);p. pr.
 & vb. n. Retailing.] [Cf. F. retailler to cut again; pref.
 rere + tailler to cut. See Retail, n., Tailor, and cf. Detail.] 1. To sell in small quantities, as by the single yard, pound, gallon, etc.; to sell directly to the consumer; as, to retail cloth or groceries.

2. To sell at second hand. [Obs. or R.] Pope.
3. To distribute in small portions or at second hand; to tell again or to many (what has been told or done); to report; as, to retail slander. "To whom I will retail my conquest won." Shak.
 He is wit's peddler, and retails his wares At wakes and wassails.

Shak.
 Re*tail"er (?), n. One who retails anything; as, a retailer of merchandise; a retailer of gossip.

 Re*tail"ment (?), n. The act of retailing.

 Re*tain" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Retaining.] [F. retainir, L. retinere; pref. rere- + tenere to hold, keep. See Tenable, and cf.
 Rein of a bridle, Retention, Retinue.] 1. To continue to hold; to keep in possession; not to lose, part with, or dismiss; to retrain from departure, escape, or the like. "Thy shape invisibleretain." Shak.
 Be obedient, and retain Unalterably firm his love entire.

Milton.
 An executor may retain a debt due to him from the testator.

Blackstone.
2. To keep in pay; to employ by a preliminary fee paid; to hire; to engage; as, to retain a counselor.

 A Benedictine convent has now retained the most learned father of their order to write in its defense.

Addison.
3. To restrain; to prevent. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.
Retaining wall (Arch. & Engin.), a wall built to keep any movable backing, or a bank of sand or earth, in its place; -- called also retain wall.

Syn. -- To keep; hold; retrain. See Keep.

 Re*tain", v. i. 1. To belong; to pertain. [Obs.]

 A somewhat languid relish


self-propelling, and otherwise automatic in its action against a distant ship.

3. (Mil.) A kind of shell or cartridge buried in earth, to be exploded by electricity or by stepping on it.

4. (Railroad) A kind of detonating cartridge or shell placed on a rail, and exploded when crushed under the locomotive wheels, — used as an alarm signal.

5. An explosive cartridge or shell lowered or dropped into a bored oil well, and there exploded, to clear the well of obstructions or to open communication with a source of supply of oil.

6. A kind of firework in the form of a small ball, or pellet, which explodes when thrown upon a hard object.

Fish torpedo, a spindle-shaped, or fish-shaped, self-propelling submarine torpedo. — Spar torpedo, a canister or other vessel containing an explosive charge, and attached to the end of a long spar which projects from a ship or boat and is thrust against an enemy's ship, exploding the torpedo. — Torpedo boat, a vessel adapted for carrying, launching, operating, or otherwise making use of, torpedoes against an enemy's ship. — Torpedo nettings, nettings made of chains or bars, which can be suspended around a vessel and allowed to sink beneath the surface of the water, as a protection against torpedoes.

 Tor*pe"do, v. t. to destroy by, or subject to the action of, a torpedo. London Spectator.
 Tor"pent (?), a. [L. torpens, p. pr. of torpere to be numb.] Having no motion or activity; incapable of motion; benumbed; torpid. [Obs.] Evelyn.
 Tor*pes"cence (?), n. The quality or state or being torpescent; torpidness; numbness; stupidity.

 Tor*pes"cent (?), a. [L. torpescens, p. pr. of torpescere to grow stiff, numb, or torpid, incho. fr. torpere. See Torpid.]
 Becoming torpid or numb. Shenstone.
 Tor"pid (tôr"pd), a. [L. torpidus, fr. torpere to be stiff, numb, or torpid; of uncertain origin.] 1. Having lost motion, or the power of exertion and feeling; numb; benumbed; as, a torpid limb.

 Without heat all things would be torpid.

Ray.
2. Dull; stupid; sluggish; inactive. Sir M. Hale.
 Tor*pid"i*ty (?), n. Same as Torpidness.

 Tor"pid*ly (?), adv. In a torpid manner.

 Tor"pid*ness, n. The qualityy or state of being torpid.

 Tor"pi*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Torpified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Torpifying. (&?;).] [L. torpere to be torpid + -fy.] To make torpid; to numb, or benumb.

 Tor"pi*tude (?), n. Torpidness. [Obs.] "In a kind of torpitude, or sleeping state." Derham.
 Tor"por (?), n. [L., from torpere, to be torpid.]

1. Loss of motion, or of the motion; a state of inactivity with partial or total insensibility; numbness.

2. Dullness; sluggishness; inactivity; as, a torpor of the mental faculties.

 Tor'por*if"ic (?), a. [L. torpor torpor + facere to make.] Tending to produce torpor.

 Tor"quate (?), a. [L. torquatus wearing a collar.] (Zoöl.)
 Collared; having a torques, or distinct colored ring around the neck.

 tor"qua*ted (?), a. [L. Torqyatus.] Having or wearing a torque, or neck chain.

 Torque (?), n. [L. torques a twisted neck chain, fr. torquere to twist.] 1. A collar or neck chain, usually twisted, especially as worn by ancient barbaric nations, as the Gauls, Germans, and Britons.

2. [L. torquere to twist.] (Mech.) That which tends to produce torsion; a couple of forces. J. Thomson.
3. (Phys. Science) A turning or twisting; tendency to turn, or cause to turn, about an axis.

 Torqued (?), a. [L. torquere to twist, to turn, to wind.] 1.
 Wreathed; twisted. [R.]

2. (Her.) Twisted; bent; — said of a dolphin haurient, which forms a figure like the letter S.

 ||Tor"ques (?), n. [L., a necklace. See Torque, 1.] (Zoöl.)
 A cervical ring of hair or feathers, distinguished by its color or structure; a collar.

 Tor're*fac"tion (?), n. [L. torrefacere,torrefactum, to torrefy: cf. F. torréfaction. See Torrefy.] The act or process of torrefying, or the state of being torrefied. Bp.
 Hall.
 Tor"re*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Torrefied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Torrefying.] [L. torrere to parch + -fy: cf. F. torréfier, L. torrefacere.] [Written also torrify.] 1. To dry by a fire. Sir T. Browne.
2. (Metal.) To subject to scorching heat, so as to drive off volatile ingredients; to roast, as ores.

3. (Pharm.) To dry or parch, as drugs, on a metallic plate till they are friable, or are reduced to the state desired.

 Tor"rent (?), n. [F., fr. L. torrens, -entis, fr. torrens burning, roaring, boiling, p. pr. of torrere to dry by heat, to burn. See Torrid.] 1. A violent stream, as of water, lava, or the like; a stream suddenly raised and running rapidly, as down a precipice.

 The roaring torrent is deep and wide.

Longfellow.
2. Fig.: A violent or rapid flow; a strong current; a flood; as, a torrent of vices; a torrent of eloquence.

 At length, Erasmus, that great injured name,... Stemmed the wild torrent of a barbarous age.

Pope.
 Tor"rent, a. [See Torrent, n.] Rolling or rushing in a rapid stream. "Waves of torrent fire." Milton.
 { Tor*ren"tial (?), Tor*ren"tine (?), } a. Of or pertaining to a torrent; having the character of a torrent; caused by a torrent. [R.]

 Tor'ri*cel"li*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Torricelli, an Italian philosopher and mathematician, who, in 1643, discovered that the rise of a liquid in a tube, as in the barometer, is due to atmospheric pressure. See Barometer.

Torricellian tube, a glass tube thirty or more inches in length, open at the lower end and hermetically sealed at the upper, such as is used in the barometer. — Torricellian vacuum (Physics), a vacuum produced by filling with a fluid, as mercury, a tube hermetically closed at one end, and, after immersing the other end in a vessel of the same fluid, allowing the inclosed fluid to descend till it is counterbalanced by the pressure of the atmosphere, as in the barometer. Hutton.
 Tor"rid (?), a. [L. torridus, fr. torrere to parch, to burn, akin to E. Thist: cf. F. torride. See Thirst


.] 1. The act of disengaging or setting free, or the state of being disengaged.

 It is easy to render this disengagement of caloric and light evident to the senses.

Transl. of Lavoisier.
 A disengagement from earthly trammels.

Sir W. Jones.
2. Freedom from engrossing occupation; leisure.

Disengagement is absolutely necessary to enjoyment.

Bp. Butler.
 Dis'en*ga"ging (?), a. Loosing; setting free; detaching.

Disengaging machinery. See under Engaging.

 Dis'en*no"ble (?), v. t. To deprive of that which ennobles; to degrade.

 An unworthy behavior degrades and disennobles a man.

Guardian.
 Dis'en*roll" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Disenrolled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disenrolling.] To erase from a roll or list.
 [Written also disenrol.] Donne.
 Dis'en*san"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. dis- + en (L. in) + sanity.] Insanity; folly. [Obs.]

 What tediosity and disensanity Is here among!

Beau. & Fl.
 Dis'en*shroud"ed (?), a. Freed from a shroudlike covering; unveiled.

 The disenshrouded statue.

R. Browning.
 Dis'en*slave" (?), v. t. To free from bondage or slavery; to disenthrall.

 He shall disenslave and redeem his soul.

South.
 Dis'en*tail" (?), v. t. (Law) To free from entailment.

 Dis'en*tan"gle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disentangled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disentangling (?).] 1. To free from entanglement; to release from a condition of being intricately and confusedly involved or interlaced; to reduce to orderly arrangement; to straighten out; as, to disentangle a skein of yarn.

2. To extricate from complication and perplexity; disengage from embarrassing connection or intermixture; to disembroil; to set free; to separate.

 To disentangle truth from error.

Stewart.
 To extricate and disentangle themselves out of this labyrinth.

Clarendon.
 A mind free and disentangled from all corporeal mixtures.

Bp. Stillingfleet.
Syn. -- To loose; extricate; disembarrass; disembroil; clear; evolve; disengage; separate; detach.

 Dis'en*tan"gle*ment (?), n. The act of disentangling or clearing from difficulties. Warton.
 Dis'en*ter" (?), v. t. See Disinter.

 Dis'en*thrall" (?), v. t. [See Enthrall.] To release from thralldom or slavery; to give freedom to; to disinthrall. [Written also disenthral.]
 Milton.
 Dis'en*thrall"ment (?), n. Liberation from bondage; emancipation; disinthrallment. [Written also disenthralment.]

 Dis'en*throne" (?), v. t. To dethrone; to depose from sovereign authority. Milton.
 Dis'en*ti"tle (?), v. t. To deprive of title or claim.

 Every ordinary offense does not disentitle a son to the love of his father.

South.
 Dis'en*tomb" (?), v. t. To take out from a tomb; a disinter.

 Dis'en*trail" (?), v. t. To disembowel; to let out or draw forth, as the entrails. [Obs.]

 As if he thought her soul to disentrail.

Spenser.
 Dis'en*trance" (?), v. t. To awaken from a trance or an enchantment. Hudibras.
 Dis'en*twine" (?), v. t. To free from being entwined or twisted. Shelley.
 Di*sep"al*ous (?), a. [Pref. di- + sepalous.] (Bot.)
 Having two sepals; twosepaled.

 Dis*ert" (?), a. [L. disertus, for dissertus, p. p.: cf. F. disert. See Dissert.] Eloquent. [Obs.]

 Dis*er"ti*tude (?), n. [L. disertitud&?;.] Eloquence.
 [Obs.]

 Dis*ert"y (?), adv. Expressly; clearly; eloquently. [Obs.] Holland.
 Dis'es*pouse" (?), v. t. To release from espousal or plighted faith. [Poetic] Milton.
 Dis'es*tab"lish (?), v. t. To unsettle; to break up (anything established); to deprive, as a church, of its connection with the state.
 M. Arnold.
 Dis'es*tab"lish*ment (?), n. 1. The act or process of unsettling or breaking up that which has been established; specifically, the withdrawal of the support of the state from an established church; as, the disestablishment and disendowment of the Irish Church by Act of Parliament.

2. The condition of being disestablished.

 Dis'es*teem" (?), n. Want of esteem; low estimation, inclining to dislike; disfavor; disrepute.

Disesteem and contempt of the public affairs.

Milton.
 Dis'es*teem", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disesteemed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disesteeming.] 1. To feel an absence of esteem for; to regard with disfavor or slight contempt; to slight.

 But if this sacred gift you disesteem.

Denham.
 Qualities which society does not disesteem.

Ld. Lytton.
2. To deprive of esteem; to bring into disrepute; to cause to be regarded with disfavor. [Obs.]

 What fables have you vexed, what truth redeemed, Antiquities searched, opinions disesteemed?

B. Jonson.
 Dis'es*teem"er (?), n. One who disesteems. Boyle.
 Dis*es'ti*ma"tion (?), n. Disesteem.

 Dis*ex"er*cise (?), v. t. To deprive of exercise; to leave untrained. [Obs.]

 By disexercising and blunting our abilities.

Milton.
 Dis*fame" (?), n. Disrepute. [R.] Tennyson.
 Dis*fan"cy (?), v. t. To dislike. [Obs.]

 Dis*fash"ion (?), v. t. [Pref. dis- + fashion. See Fashion, and cf. Defeat.] To disfigure. [Obs.] Sir T. More.
 Dis*fa"vor (?), n. [Pref. dis- + favor: cf. OF. disfaveur, F. défaveur.] [Written also disfavour.] 1.
 Want of favor of favorable regard; disesteem; disregard.

 The people that deserved my disfavor.

Is. x. 6 (1551).
 Sentiment of disfavor against its ally.

Gladstone.
2. The state of not being in favor; a being under the displeasure of some one; state of unacceptableness; as, to be in disfavor at court.

3. An unkindness; a disobliging act.

 He might dispense favors and disfavors.

Clarendon.
 Dis*fa"vor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Disfavored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Disfavoring.] 1. To withhold or withdraw favor


that...", it is a good bet he is about to handwave (alternatively, use of these constructions in a sarcastic tone before a paraphrase of someone else's argument suggests that it is a handwave). The theory behind this term is that if you wave your hands at the right moment, the listener may be sufficiently distracted to not notice that what you have said is bogus. Failing that, if a listener does object, you might try to dismiss the objection with a wave of your hand.
The use of this word is often accompanied by gestures: both hands up, palms forward, swinging the hands in a vertical plane pivoting at the elbows and/or shoulders (depending on the magnitude of the handwave); alternatively, holding the forearms in one position while rotating the hands at the wrist to make them flutter. In context, the gestures alone can suffice as a remark; if a speaker makes an outrageously unsupported assumption, you might simply wave your hands in this way, as an accusation, far more eloquent than words could express, that his logic is faulty.
Node:hang, Next:Hanlon's Razor, Previous:handwave, Up:= H = hang v.
1. [very common] To wait for an event that will never occur.
"The system is hanging because it can't read from the crashed drive". See wedged, hung. 2. To wait for some event to occur; to hang around until something happens. "The program displays a menu and then hangs until you type a character." Compare block. 3. To attach a peripheral device, esp. in the construction 'hang off': "We're going to hang another tape drive off the file server." Implies a device attached with cables, rather than something that is strictly inside the machine's chassis.
Node:Hanlon's Razor, Next:happily, Previous:hang, Up:= H = Hanlon's Razor prov.
A corollary of Finagle's Law, similar to Occam's Razor, that reads "Never attribute to malice that which can be adequately explained by stupidity." The derivation of the Hanlon eponym is not definitely known, but a very similar remark ("You have attributed conditions to villainy that simply result from stupidity.") appears in "Logic of Empire", a classic 1941 SF story by Robert A. Heinlein, who calls it the 'devil theory' of sociology. Heinlein's popularity in the hacker culture makes plausible the supposition that 'Hanlon' is derived from 'Heinlein' by phonetic corruption.
A similar epigram has been attributed to William James, but Heinlein more probably got the idea from Alfred Korzybski and other practitioners of General Semantics. Quoted here because it seems to be a particular favorite of hackers, often showing up in sig blocks, fortune cookie files and the login banners of BBS systems and commercial networks. This probably reflects the hacker's daily experience of environments created by well-intentioned but short-sighted people. Compare Sturgeon's Law, Ninety-Ninety Rule.
Node:happily, Next:haque, Previous:Hanlon's Razor, Up:= H = happily adv.
Of software, used to emphasize that a program is unaware of some important fact about its environment, either because it has been fooled into believing a lie, or because it doesn't care. The sense of 'happy' here is not that of elation, but rather that of blissful ignorance. "The program continues to run, happily unaware that its output is going to /dev/null." Also used to suggest that a program or device would really rather be doing something destructive, and is being given an opportunity to do so. "If you enter an O here instead of a zero, the program will happily erase all your data." Neverheless, use of this term implies a basically benign attitude towards the program: It didn't mean any harm, it was just eager to do its job. We'd like to be angry at it but we shouldn't, we should try to understand it instead. The adjective "cheerfully" is often used in exactly the same way.
Node:haque, Next:hard boot, Previous:happily, Up:= H = haque /hak/ n.
[Usenet] Variant spelling of hack, used only for the noun form and connoting an elegant hack. that is a hack in sense 2.
Node:hard boot, Next:hardcoded, Previous:haque, Up:= H = hard boot n. See boot.
Node:hardcoded, Next:hardwarily, Previous:hard boot, Up:= H = hardcoded adj.
1. [common] Said of data inserted directly into a program, where it cannot be easily modified, as opposed to data in some profile, resource (see de-rezz sense 2), or environment variable that a user or hacker can easily modify. 2.
In C, this is esp. applied to use of a literal instead of a _TAG_ macro (see magic number).
Node:hardwarily, Next:hardwired, Previous:hardcoded, Up:= H = hardwarily /hard-weir'*-lee/ adv.
In a way pertaining to hardware. "The system is hardwarily unreliable." The adjective 'hardwary' is not traditionally used, though it has recently been reported from the U.K. See softwarily.
Node:hardwired, Next:has the X nature, Previous:hardwarily, Up:= H = hardwired adj.
1. In software, syn. for hardcoded. 2. By extension, anything that is not modifiable, especially in the sense of customizable to one's particular needs or tastes.
Node:has the X nature, Next:hash bucket, Previous:hardwired, Up:= H = has the X nature [seems to derive from Zen Buddhist koans of the form "Does an X have the Buddha-nature?"] adj. Common hacker construction for 'is an X', used for humorous emphasis. "Anyone who can't even use a program with on-screen help embedded in it truly has the loser nature!" See also the X that can be Y is not the true X. See also mu.
Node:hash bucket, Next:hash collision, Previous:has the X nature, Up:= H = hash bucket n. A notional receptacle, a set of which might be used to apportion data items for sorting or lookup purposes. When you look up a name in the phone book (for example), you typically hash it by extracting its first letter; the hash buckets are the alphabetically ordered letter sections. This term is used as techspeak with respect to code that uses actual hash functions; in jargon, it is used for human associative memory as well. Thus, two things 'in the same hash bucket' are more difficult to discriminate, and may be confused. "If you hash English words only by length, you get too many common grammar words in the first couple of hash buckets." Compare hash collision.
Node:hash collision, Next:hat, Previous:hash bucket, Up:= H = hash collision n.
[from the techspeak] (var. 'hash clash') When used of people, signifies a confusion in associative memory or imagination, especially a persistent one (see thinko). True story: One of us [ESR] was once on the phone with a friend about to move out to Berkeley. When asked what he expected Berkeley to be like, the friend replied: "Well, I have this mental picture of naked women throwing Molotov cocktails, but I think that's just a collision in my hash tables." Compare hash bucket.
Node:hat, Next:HCF, Previous:hash collision, Up:= H = hat n. Common (spoken) name for the circumflex ('^', ASCII _PHONE_) character. See ASCII for other synonyms.
Node:HCF, Next:heads down, Previous:hat, Up:= H = HCF /H-C-F/ n. Mnemonic for 'Halt and Catch Fire', any of several undocumented and semi-mythical machine instructions with destructive side-effects, supposedly included for test purposes on several well-known architectures going as far back as the IBM 360. The MC6800 microprocessor was the first for which an HCF opcode became widely known. This instruction caused the processor to toggle a subset of the bus lines as rapidly as it could; in some configurations this could actually cause lines to burn up. Compare killer poke.
Node:heads down, Next:heartbeat, Previous:HCF, Up:= H


degree of being soluble or solvable; as, the solubility of a salt; the solubility of a problem or intricate difficulty.

2. (Bot.) The tendency to separate readily into parts by spurious articulations, as the pods of tick trefoil.

 Sol"u*ble (?), a. [L. solubilis, fr. solvere, solutum, to loosen, to dissolve: cf. F. soluble. See Solve, and cf. Solvable.]
 1. Susceptible of being dissolved in a fluid; capable of solution; as, some substances are soluble in alcohol which are not soluble in water.

 Sugar is... soluble in water and fusible in fire.

Arbuthnot.
2. Susceptible of being solved; as, a soluble algebraic problem; susceptible of being disentangled, unraveled, or explained; as, the mystery is perhaps soluble. "More soluble is this knot."
 Tennyson.
3. Relaxed; open or readily opened. [R.] "The bowels must be kept soluble." Dunglison.
Soluble glass. (Chem.) See under Glass.

 Sol"u*ble*ness, n. Quality or state of being soluble.

 { ||So"lus (?), masc. a., So"la (?), fem. a. } [L.] Alone; -- chiefly used in stage directions, and the like.

 So*lute" (?), a. [L. solutus, p. p. of solvere to loosen. See Solve.] 1. Loose; free; liberal; as, a solute interpretation. [Obs.] Bacon.
2. Relaxed; hence; merry; cheerful. [R.]

 A brow solute, and ever-laughing eye.

Young.
3. Soluble; as, a solute salt. [Obs.]

4. (Bot.) Not adhering; loose; -- opposed to adnate; as, a solute stipule.

 So*lute", v. t. 1. To dissolve; to resolve. [Obs.]

2. To absolve; as, to solute sin. [Obs.] Bale.
 So*lu"tion (s*l"shn), n. [OE. solucion, OF. solucion, F. solution, fr. L. solutio, fr. solvere, solutum, to loosen, dissolve. See Solve.] 1. The act of separating the parts of any body, or the condition of undergoing a separation of parts; disruption; breach.

 In all bodies there is an appetite of union and evitation of solution of continuity.

Bacon.
2. The act of solving, or the state of being solved; the disentanglement of any intricate problem or difficult question; explanation; clearing up; -- used especially in mathematics, either of the process of solving an equation or problem, or the result of the process.

3. The state of being dissolved or disintegrated; resolution; disintegration.

 It is unquestionably an enterprise of more promise to assail the nations in their hour of faintness and solution, than at a time when magnificent and seductive systems of worship were at their height of energy and splendor.

I. Taylor.
4. (Chem.Phys.) The act or process by which a body (whether solid, liquid, or gaseous) is absorbed into a liquid, and, remaining or becoming fluid, is diffused throughout the solvent; also, the product resulting from such absorption.

 When a solvent will not take in any more of a substance the solution is said to be saturated. Solution is of two kinds; viz.: (a) Mechanical solution, in which no marked chemical change takes place, and in which, in the case of solids, the dissolved body can be regained by evaporation, as in the solution of salt or sugar in water. (b) Chemical solution, in which there is involved a decided chemical change, as when limestone or zinc undergoes solution in hydrochloric acid. Mechanical solution is regarded as a form of molecular or atomic attraction, and is probably occasioned by the formation of certain very weak and unstable compounds which are easily dissociated and pass into new and similar compounds.

 This word is not used in chemistry or mineralogy for fusion, or the melting of bodies by the heat of fire.

5. Release; deliverance; discharge. [Obs.] Barrow.
6. (Med.) (a) The termination of a disease; resolution. (b) A crisis. (c) A liquid medicine or preparation (usually aqueous) in which the solid ingredients are wholly soluble. U. S. Disp.
Fehling's solution (Chem.), a standardized solution of cupric hydrate in sodium potassium tartrate, used as a means of determining the reducing power of certain sugars and sirups by the amount of red cuprous oxide thrown down. -- Heavy solution (Min.), a liquid of high density, as a solution of mercuric iodide in potassium iodide (called the Sonstadt or Thoulet solution) having a maximum specific gravity of 3.2, or of borotungstate of cadmium (Klein solution, specific gravity 3.6), and the like. Such solutions are much used in determining the specific gravities of minerals, and in separating them when mechanically mixed as in a pulverized rock. -- Nessler's solution. See Nesslerize. -- Solution of continuity, the separation of connection, or of connected substances or parts; -- applied, in surgery, to a fracture, laceration, or the like. "As in the natural body a wound, or solution of continuity, is worse than a corrupt humor, so in the spiritual." Bacon. -- Standardized solution (Chem.), a solution which is used as a reagent, and is of a known and standard strength; specifically, a normal solution, containing in each cubic centimeter as many milligrams of the element in question as the number representing its atomic weight; thus, a normal solution of silver nitrate would contain 107.7 mgr. of silver in each cubic centimeter.

 Sol"u*tive (sl"*tv), a. [Cf. F. solutif.] Tending to dissolve; loosening; laxative. Bacon.
 Solv'a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [F. solvabilité.] 1.
 The quality or state of being solvable; as, the solvability of a difficulty; the solvability of a problem.

2. The condition of being solvent; ability to pay all just debts; solvency; as, the solvability of a merchant.

 Solv"a*ble (?), a. [F. solvable. See Solve, and cf. Soluble, Solvible.] 1. Susceptible of being solved, resolved, or explained; admitting of solution.

2. Capable of being paid and discharged; as, solvable obligations. Tooke.
3. Able to pay one's debts; solvent. [Obs.] Fuller.
 Solv"a*ble*ness (?), n. Quality of being solvable.

 Solve (slv), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Solved (slvd); p. pr. & vb. n. Solving.] [L. solvere, solutum; from a prefix soexpressing separation (cf. Sober) + luere to loosen; cf. OF. soldre, soudre. See Loose, and cf. Absolve.]
 To explain; to resolve; to unfold; to clear up (what is obscure or difficult to be understood); to work out to a result or conclusion; as, to solve a doubt; to solve difficulties; to solve a problem.

 True piety would effectually solve such scruples.

South.
 God shall solve the dark decrees of fate.

Tickell.
Syn. -- To explain; resolve; unfold; clear up.

 Solve, n. A solution; an explanation. [Obs.] Shak.
 Sol"ven*cy (sl"ven*s), n. [See Solvent.] The quality or state of being solvent.

 Sol"vend (sl"vnd), n. [L. solvendus to be loosened or dissolved, fr. solvere. See Solution.] A substance to be dissolved.
 [R.]

 Sol"vent (sl"vent), a. [L. solvens, p. pr. of solvere.
 See Solvable.] 1.


acting together), is designated a higher pair; any pair having constraining surfaces which fit each other (as a cylindrical pin and eye, a screw and its nut, etc.), is called a lower pair.

Pair royal (pl. Pairs Royal) three things of a sort; -- used especially of playing cards in some games, as cribbage; as three kings, three "eight spots" etc. Four of a kind are called a double pair royal.
 "Something in his face gave me as much pleasure as a pair royal of naturals in my own hand." Goldsmith. "That great pair royal of adamantine sisters [the Fates]." Quarles. [Written corruptly parial and prial.]

Syn. -- Pair, Flight, Set. Originally, pair was not confined to two things, but was applied to any number of equal things (pares), that go together. Ben Jonson speaks of a pair (set) of chessmen; also, he and Lord Bacon speak of a pair (pack) of cards. A "pair of stairs" is still in popular use, as well as the later expression, "flight of stairs."

 Pair, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pairing.] 1. To be joined in paris; to couple; to mate, as for breeding.

2. To suit; to fit, as a counterpart.

 My heart was made to fit and pair with thine.

Rowe.
3. Same as To pair off. See phrase below.

To pair off, to separate from a company in pairs or couples; specif. (Parliamentary Cant), to agree with one of the opposite party or opinion to abstain from voting on specified questions or issues. See Pair, n., 6.

 Pair, v. t. 1. To unite in couples; to form a pair of; to bring together, as things which belong together, or which complement, or are adapted to one another.

 Glossy jet is paired with shining white.

Pope.
2. To engage (one's self) with another of opposite opinions not to vote on a particular question or class of questions. [Parliamentary Cant] Paired fins. (Zoöl.) See under Fin.

 Pair, v. t. [See Impair.] To impair. [Obs.] Spenser.
 Pair"er (?), n. One who impairs. [Obs.] Wyclif.
 Pair"ing, n. [See Pair, v. i.] 1. The act or process of uniting or arranging in pairs or couples.

2. See To pair off, under Pair, v. i. Pairyng time, the time when birds or other animals pair.

 Pair"ment (?), n. Impairment. [Obs.] Wyclif.
 ||Pa'is (?), n. [OF. puïs, F. pays, country.] (O. E. Law) The country; the people of the neighborhood.

 A trial per pais is a trial by the country, that is, by a jury; and matter in pais is matter triable by the country, or jury.

 ||Pa'i*sa"no (?), n. [Sp., of the country, &?;ative.] (Zoöl.)
 The chaparral cock.

 Paise (?), n. [Obs.] See Poise. Chapman.
 Pa"jock (?), n. A peacock. [Obs.] Shak.
 Pak"fong' (?), n. See Packfong.

 Pal (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A mate; a partner; esp., an accomplice or confederate. [Slang] Pal"ace (?), n. [OE. palais, F. palais, fr. L. palatium, fr. Palatium, one of the seven hills of Rome, &?; which Augustus had his residence. Cf. Paladin.]

1. The residence of a sovereign, including the lodgings of high officers of state, and rooms for business, as well as halls for ceremony and reception. Chaucer.
2. The official residence of a bishop or other distinguished personage.

3. Loosely, any unusually magnificent or stately house.

Palace car. See under Car. -- Palace court, a court having jurisdiction of personal actions arising within twelve miles of the palace at Whitehall. The court was abolished in 1849. [Eng.] Mozley & W. Pa*la"cious (?), a. Palatial. [Obs.] Graunt.
 Pal"a*din (?), n. [F., fr.It. paladino, fr. L. palatinus an officer of the palace. See Palatine.] A knight-errant; a distinguished champion; as, the paladins of Charlemagne. Sir W. Scott.
 Pa"læ*o- (?). See Paleo-.

 Pa'læ*og"ra*pher (?), n., Pa'læ*o*graph"ic (&?;), a., etc. See Paleographer, Paleographic, etc.

 Pa"læ*o*type (?), n. [Palæo- + -type.] (Phon.)
 A system of representing all spoken sounds by means of the printing types in common use. Ellis. -- Pa'læ*o*typ"ic*al (#), a. -- Pa'læ*o*typ"ic*al*ly, adv.
 ||Pa*læs"tra (?), n. See Palestra.

 Pa*læs"tric (?), a. See Palestric.

 Pa*læ'ti*ol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in palætiology.

 Pa*læ'ti*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Palæo- + ætiology.]
 The science which explains, by the law of causation, the past condition and changes of the earth. -- Pa*læ'ti*o*log"ic*al (#), a.
 ||Pal"a*ma (?), n.; pl. Palamme (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
 &?; the palm.] (Zoöl.) A membrane extending between the toes of a bird, and uniting them more or less closely together.

 ||Pal'a*me"de*æ (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) An order, or suborder, including the kamichi, and allied South American birds; -- called also screamers. In many anatomical characters they are allied to the Anseres, but they externally resemble the wading birds.

 Pal'am*pore" (?), n. See Palempore.

 ||Pa*lan"ka (?), n. [Cf. It., Pg., & Sp. palanca, fr.L.
 palanga, phalanga a pole, Gr.&?; ] (Mil.) A camp permanently intrenched, attached to Turkish frontier fortresses.

 Pal'an*quin" (?), n. [F. palanquin, Pg. palanquim, Javan. palangki, OJavan. palangkan, through Prakrit fr. Skr.
 parya&?;ka, palya&?;ka, bed, couch; pari around (akin to E. pref. peri-) + a&?;ka a hook, flank, probably akin to E. angle fishing tackle. Cf. Palkee.] An inclosed carriage or litter, commonly about eight feet long, four feet wide, and four feet high, borne on the shoulders of men by means of two projecting poles, -- used in India, China, etc., for the conveyance of a single person from place to place. [Written also palankeen.]

 Pa*lap"te*ryx (?), n. [Paleo- + apteryx.] (Paleon.)
 A large extinct ostrichlike bird of New Zealand.

 Pal'a*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. Palatableness.

 Pal"a*ta*ble (?), a. [From Palate.] Agreeable to the palate or taste; savory; hence, acceptable;


on these subjects he gave the lofty name of the "Oracles of Reason."

Macaulay.
3. Power of sight. [Obs.]

 Thou hast no speculation in those eyes.

Shak.
4. A game at cards in which the players buy from one another trumps or whole hands, upon a chance of getting the highest trump dealt, which entitles the holder to the pool of stakes.

 Spec"u*la*tist (?), n. One who speculates, or forms theories; a speculator; a theorist.

 The very ingenious speculatist, Mr. Hume.

V. Knox.
 Spec"u*la*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. spéculatif, L. speculativus.]
 1. Given to speculation; contemplative.

 The mind of man being by nature speculative.

Hooker.
2. Involving, or formed by, speculation; ideal; theoretical; not established by demonstration. Cudworth.
3. Of or pertaining to vision; also, prying; inquisitive; curious.
 [R.] Bacon.
4. Of or pertaining to speculation in land, goods, shares, etc.; as, a speculative dealer or enterprise.

 The speculative merchant exercises no one regular, established, or well-known branch of business.

A. Smith.
 -- Spec"u*la*tive*ly, adv. -- Spec"u*la*tive*ness, n. Spec"u*la'tor (?), n. [L., a spy, explorer, investigator: cf. F. spéculateur.]
 One who speculates. Specifically: (a) An observer; a contemplator; hence, a spy; a watcher. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
(b) One who forms theories; a theorist.

 A speculator who had dared to affirm that the human soul is by nature mortal.

Macaulay.
(c) (Com.) One who engages in speculation; one who buys and sells goods, land, etc., with the expectation of deriving profit from fluctuations in price.

 Spec'u*la*to"ri*al (?), a. Speculatory; speculative. [Obs.]

 Spec"u*la*to*ry (?), a. [L. speculatorius belonging to spies or scouts.] 1. Intended or adapted for viewing or espying; having oversight. T. Warton.
2. Exercising speculation; speculative. T. Carew.
 Spec"u*list (?), n. One who observes or considers; an observer.
 [R.] Goldsmith.
 Spec"u*lum (?), n.; pl. L. Specula (#), E. Speculum (#). [L., fr. specere to look, behold. See Spy.] 1. A mirror, or looking-glass; especially, a metal mirror, as in Greek and Roman archæology.

2. A reflector of polished metal, especially one used in reflecting telescopes. See Speculum metal, below.

3. (Surg.) An instrument for dilating certain passages of the body, and throwing light within them, thus facilitating examination or surgical operations.

4. (Zoöl.) A bright and lustrous patch of color found on the wings of ducks and some other birds. It is usually situated on the distal portions of the secondary quills, and is much more brilliant in the adult male than in the female.

Speculum metal, a hard, brittle alloy used for making the reflectors of telescopes and other instruments, usually consisting of copper and tin in various proportions, one of the best being that in which there are 126.4 parts of copper to 58.9 parts of tin, with sometimes a small proportion of arsenic, antimony, or zinc added to improve the whiteness.

 Sped (?), imp. & p. p. of Speed.

 Speece (?), n. Species; sort. [Obs.]

 Speech (?), n. [OE. speche, AS. sp&?;c, spr&?;, fr. specan, sprecan, to speak; akin to D. spraak speech, OHG. sprhha, G. sprache, Sw. spr&?;k, Dan. sprog. See Speak.] 1. The faculty of uttering articulate sounds or words; the faculty of expressing thoughts by words or articulate sounds; the power of speaking.

 There is none comparable to the variety of instructive expressions by speech, wherewith man alone is endowed for the communication of his thoughts.

Holder.
2. he act of speaking; that which is spoken; words, as expressing ideas; language; conversation.

 Speech is voice modulated by the throat, tongue, lips, etc., the modulation being accomplished by changing the form of the cavity of the mouth and nose through the action of muscles which move their walls.

 O goode God! how gentle and how kind Ye seemed by your speech and your visage The day that maked was our marriage.

Chaucer.
 The acts of God... to human ears Can nort without process of speech be told.

Milton.
3. A particular language, as distinct from others; a tongue; a dialect.

 People of a strange speech and of an hard language.

Ezek. iii. 6.
4. Talk; mention; common saying.

 The duke... did of me demand What was the speech among the Londoners Concerning the French journey.

Shak.
5. formal discourse in public; oration; harangue.

 The constant design of these orators, in all their speeches, was to drive some one particular point.

Swift.
6. ny declaration of thoughts.

 I. with leave of speech implored,... replied.

Milton.
Syn. Harangue; language; address; oration. See Harangue, and Language.

 Speech, v. i. & t. To make a speech; to harangue. [R.]

 Speech"ful (?), a. Full of speech or words; voluble; loquacious.
 [R.]

 Speech'i*fi*ca"tion (?), n.[See Spechify.] The act of speechifying.
 [Used humorously or in contempt.]

 Speech"i*fi'er (?), n. One who makes a speech or speeches; an orator; a declaimer. [Used humorously or in contempt.] G. Eliot.
 Speech"i*fy (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Speechified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Speechifying (?).] [Speech + -fy.] To make a speech; to harangue. [Used derisively or humorously.]

 Speech"i*fy'ing, n. The act of making a speech or speeches. [Used derisively or humorously.]

 The dinner and speechifying... at the opening of the annual season for the buckhounds.

M. Arnold.
 Speech"ing, n. The act of making a speech. [R.]

 Speech"less, a. 1. Destitute or deprived of the faculty of speech.

2. Not speaking for a time; dumb; mute; silent.

Speechless with wonder, and half dead with fear.

Addison.
 -- Speech"less*ly, adv. -- Speech"less*ness, n. Speech"mak'er (?), n. One who makes speeches; one accustomed to speak in a public assembly.

 Speed (?), n. [AS. sp&?;d success, swiftness, from sp&?;wan to succeed; akin to D. spoedd, OHG. spuot success, spuot to succees, Skr. sph to increase, grow fat. √170b.] 1.
 Prosperity in an undertaking; favorable issue; success. "For common speed."
 Chaucer.
 O Lord God of my master Abraham, I pray thee, send me good speed this day.

Gen. xxiv. 12.
2. The act or state of moving swiftly; swiftness; velocity; rapidly; rate of motion; dispatch; as, the speed a horse or a vessel.

Speed, to describe whose swif


"The lickerish palate of the glutton." Bp. Hall.
2. Tempting the appetite; dainty. "Lickerish baits, fit to insnare a brute." Milton.
3. Lecherous; lustful. Robert of Brunne.
 -- Lick"er*ish*ly, adv. -- Lick"er*ish*ness, n. Lick"er*ous (-s), a. Lickerish; eager; lustful. [Obs.]

 -- Lick"er*ous*ness, n. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Lick"ing, n. 1. A lapping with the tongue.

2. A flogging or castigation. [Colloq. or Low] Lick"pen'ny (-pn'n), n. A devourer or absorber of money. "Law is a lickpenny." Sir W. Scott.
 Lick"-spig'ot (-spg't), n. A tapster. [Obs.]

 Lick"-spit'tle (-spt't'l), n. An abject flatterer or parasite. Theodore Hook.
 Lic"o*rice (lk"*rs), n. [OE. licoris, through old French, fr. L. liquiritia, corrupted fr. glycyrrhiza, Gr.
 glyky'rriza; glyky's sweet + "ri'za root. Cf. Glycerin, Glycyrrhiza, Wort.]
 [Written also liquorice.] 1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Glycyrrhiza (G. glabra), the root of which abounds with a sweet juice, and is much used in demulcent compositions.

2. The inspissated juice of licorice root, used as a confection and for medicinal purposes.

Licorice fern (Bot.), a name of several kinds of polypody which have rootstocks of a sweetish flavor. -- Licorice sugar. (Chem.)
 See Glycyrrhizin. -- Licorice weed (Bot.), the tropical plant Scapania dulcis. -- Mountain licorice (Bot.), a kind of clover (Trifolium alpinum), found in the Alps. It has large purplish flowers and a sweetish perennial rootstock. -- Wild licorice.
 (Bot.) (a) The North American perennial herb Glycyrrhiza lepidota. (b) Certain broad-leaved cleavers (Galium circæzans and G. lanceolatum). (c) The leguminous climber Abrus precatorius, whose scarlet and black seeds are called black-eyed Susans. Its roots are used as a substitute for those of true licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra).

 Lic"o*rous (lk"*rs), a. See Lickerish. -- Lic"o*rous*ness, n.
 [Obs.] Herbert.
 Lic"our (lk"r), n. Liquor. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Lic"tor (lk"tr), n. [L.] (Rom. Antiq.) An officer who bore an ax and fasces or rods, as ensigns of his office. His duty was to attend the chief magistrates when they appeared in public, to clear the way, and cause due respect to be paid to them, also to apprehend and punish criminals.

Lictors and rods, the ensigns of their power.

Milton.
 Lid (ld), n. [AS. hlid, fr. hldan (in comp.) to cover, shut; akin to OS. hldan (in comp.), D. lid lid, OHG.
 hlit, G. augenlid eyelid, Icel. hlið gate, gateway. √40.]

1. That which covers the opening of a vessel or box, etc.; a movable cover; as, the lid of a chest or trunk.

2. The cover of the eye; an eyelid. Shak.
 Tears, big tears, gushed from the rough soldier's lid.

Byron.
3. (Bot.) (a) The cover of the spore cases of mosses.
 (b) A calyx which separates from the flower, and falls off in a single piece, as in the Australian Eucalypti. (c) The top of an ovary which opens transversely, as in the fruit of the purslane and the tree which yields Brazil nuts.

 Lid"ded (ld"dd), a. Covered with a lid. Keats.
 Lidge (lj), n. Same as Ledge.[Obs.] Spenser.
 Lid"less (ld"ls), a. Having no lid, or not covered with the lids, as the eyes; hence, sleepless; watchful.

 A lidless watcher of the public weal.

Tennyson.
 Lie (l), n. See Lye.

 Lie (l), n. [AS. lyge; akin to D. leugen, OHG. lugi, G. lüge, lug, Icel. lygi, Dan. & Sw. lögn, Goth. liugn. See Lie to utter a falsehood.] 1. A falsehood uttered or acted for the purpose of deception; an intentional violation of truth; an untruth spoken with the intention to deceive.

 The proper notion of a lie is an endeavoring to deceive another by signifying that to him as true, which we ourselves think not to be so.

S. Clarke.
 It is willful deceit that makes a lie. A man may act a lie, as by pointing his finger in a wrong direction when a traveler inquires of him his road.

Paley.
2. A fiction; a fable; an untruth. Dryden.
3. Anything which misleads or disappoints.

 Wishing this lie of life was o'er.

Trench.
To give the lie to. (a) To charge with falsehood; as, the man gave him the lie. (b) To reveal to be false; as, a man's actions may give the lie to his words. -- White lie, a euphemism for such lies as one finds it convenient to tell, and excuses himself for telling.

Syn. -- Untruth; falsehood; fiction; deception. -- Lie, Untruth. A man may state what is untrue from ignorance or misconception; hence, to impute an untruth to one is not necessarily the same as charging him with a lie. Every lie is an untruth, but not every untruth is a lie. Cf. Falsity.

 Lie, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Lied (ld); p. pr. & vb.
 n. Lying (l"ng).] [OE. lien, lien, leen, leoen, AS. leógan; akin to D. liegen, OS. & OHG. liogan, G. lügen, Icel. ljga, Sw. ljuga, Dan. lyve, Goth. liugan, Russ. lgate.] To utter falsehood with an intention to deceive; to say or do that which is intended to deceive another, when he a right to know the truth, or when morality requires a just representation.

 Lie, v. i. [imp. Lay (l); p. p. Lain (ln), (Lien (l"n), Obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Lying.] [OE. lien, liggen, AS. licgan; akin to D. liggen, OHG. ligen, licken, G. liegen, Icel. liggja, Sw. ligga, Dan. ligge, Goth. ligan, Russ. lejate, L. lectus bed, Gr. le'chos bed, le'xasqai to lie. Cf. Lair, Law, Lay, v. t., Litter, Low, adj.]
 1. To rest extended on the ground, a bed, or any support; to be, or to put one's self, in an horizontal position, or nearly so; to be prostate; to be stretched out; -- often with down, when


mode of arguing. [R.]

 Cro"cois*ite (kr?"kois-?t), n. [Cf. F. croco&?;se.] (Min.)
 Same as Crocoite.

 Cro"co*ite (kr?"k?-?t), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?; saffron.] (Min.) Lead chromate occuring in crystals of a bright hyacinth red color; -- called also red lead ore.

 Cro"con*ate (kr?"k?n-?t), n. (Chem.) A salt formed by the union of croconic acid with a base.

 Cro*con"ic (kr?-k?n"?k), a. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?; saffron.] 1. Of, pertaining to, or resembling saffron; having the color of saffron; as, croconic acid.

2. Pertaining to, or derived from, croconic acid.

 Croconic acid (Chem.), a yellow crystalline substance, C5O3(OH)2, obtained from potassium carboxide, rhodizonic acid, and various phenol and quinone derivatives of benzene, and forming yellow or orange colored salts.

 Cro"cose (kr"ks), n. [Gr. kro'kos saffron.] (Chem.) A white crystalline sugar, metameric with glucose, obtained from the coloring matter of saffron. [Written also crokose.]

 Cro"cus (kr"ks), n. [L., saffron, fr. Gr. kro'kos; cf. Heb. karkm, Ar. kurkum, Skr. kukuma.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of iridaceous plants, with pretty blossoms rising separately from the bulb or corm. C. vernus is one of the earliest of spring-blooming flowers; C. sativus produces the saffron, and blossoms in the autumn.

2. (Chem.) A deep yellow powder; the oxide of some metal calcined to a red or deep yellow color; esp., the oxide of iron (Crocus of Mars or colcothar) thus produced from salts of iron, and used as a polishing powder.

Crocus of Venus (Old Chem.), oxide of copper.

 Crœ"sus (kr"ss), n. [L., fr. G. Kroi^sos.] A king of Lydia who flourished in the 6th century b. c., and was renowned for his vast wealth; hence, a common appellation for a very rich man; as, he is a veritable Crœsus.

 Croft (krft; 115), n. [AS. croft; akin to D. kroft hillock; cf. Gael. croit hump, croft.] A small, inclosed field, adjoining a house; a small farm.

 A few small crofts of stone-encumbered ground. Wordsworth.
 Croft"er (-?r), n. One who rents and tills a small farm or holding; as, the crofters of Scotland.

 Croft"ing, n. 1. Croftland. [Scot.] Jamieson.
2. (Textile Manuf.) Exposing linen to the sun, on the grass, in the process of bleaching.

 Croft"land (-l?nd), n. Land of superior quality, on which successive crops are raised. [Scot.] Jamieson.
 Crois (krois). n. [OF.] See Cross, n. [Obs.]

 { Croi*sade" (kroi-s?d"), Croi*sa"do (- s?"d?), } n. [F. criosade.
 See Crusade.] A holy war; a crusade. [Obs.] Bacon.
 Croise (krois), n. [F. croisé crusader, fr. OF. crois, F. croix, cross. See Cross.] 1. A pilgrim bearing or wearing a cross. [Obs.]

2. A crusader. [Obs.]

 The conquests of the croises extending over Palestine. Burke.
 ||Crois'san'té" (krw?'s?n't?"), a. [F. croissant, adj. & n., crescent.] (Her.) Terminated with crescents; -- said of a cross the ends of which are so terminated.

 Cro"ker (kr"kr), n. [Gr. kro'kos saffron.] A cultivator of saffron; a dealer in saffron. [Obs.] Holinshed.
 ||Cro"ma (kr"m), n. [It.] (Mus.) A quaver. [Obs.]

 Crom"lech (krm"lk), n. [W. cromlech; crom bending or bent, concave + llech a flat stone; akin to Ir. cromleac.]
 (Archæol.) A monument of rough stones composed of one or more large ones supported in a horizontal position upon others. They are found chiefly in countries inhabited by the ancient Celts, and are of a period anterior to the introduction of Christianity into these countries.

 Cro*mor"na (kr?-m?r"n?), n. [F. cromorne (cf. It. cromorno0, fr. G. krummhorn crooked horn, cornet, an organ pipe turned like a trumpet; krumm crooked + horn horn.] (Mus.) A certain reed stop in the organ, of a quality of tone resembling that of the oboe.
 [Corruptly written cromona.]

 Crone (krn), n. [OD. kronie, karonie, an old sheep, OF. carogne, F. charogne, carrion (also F. carogne illnatured woman.). See Carrion, and Crony.] 1. An old ewe. [Obs.]
 Tusser.
2. An old woman; -- usually in contempt.

 But still the crone was constant to her note. Dryden.
3. An old man; especially, a man who talks and acts like an old woman. [R.]

 The old crone [a negro man] lived in a hovel,... which his master had given him. W. Irving.
 A few old battered crones of office. Beaconsfield.
 Cro"nel (kr?"n?l), n. [Cf. Coronel spearhead, Crown.] The iron head of a tilting spear.

 Cro"net (kr?"n?t), n. [Cf. Coronet, Crownet.] The coronet of a horse.

 Cro"ni*an (kr?"n?-a]/>n), a. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?; Saturnian, fr. &?;&?;&?;&?; Saturn.] Saturnian; -- applied to the North Polar Sea. [R.] Milton.
 Cron"stedt*ite (kr?n"st?t-?t), n. (Min.) A mineral consisting principally of silicate of iron, and crystallizing in hexagonal prisms with perfect basal cleavage; -- so named from the Swedish mineralogist Cronstedt.

 Cro"ny (kr?"n?), n.; pl. Cronies (-n&?;z).
 [Orig., an old woman. See Crone.] 1. A crone. [Obs.] "Marry not an old crony." Burton.
2. An intimate companion; a familiar frend. [Colloq.]

 He soon found his former cronies, though all rather the worse for the wear and tear of time. W. Irving.
 Croo"dle (kr??"d'l), v. i. [Cf. Cruddle, Crudle.] 1. To cower or cuddle together, as from fear or cold; to lie close and snug together, as pigs in straw. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. Forby.
 A dove to fly home her nest and crood


Martin Pippin in the Apple Orchard by Eleanor Farjeon FOREWORD I have been asked to introduce Miss Farjeon to the American public, and although I believe that introductions of this kind often do more harm than good, I have consented in this case because the instance is rare enough to justify an exception. If Miss Farjeon had been a promising young novelist either of the realistic or the romantic school, I should not have dared to express an opinion on her work, even if I had believed that she had greater gifts than the ninety-nine other promising young novelists who appear in the course of each decade. But she has a far rarer gift than any of those that go to the making of a successful novelist. She is one of the few who can conceive and tell a fairy-tale; the only one to my knowledge—with the just possible exceptions of James Stephens and Walter de la Mare—in my own generation. She has, in fact, the true gift of fancy. It has already been displayed in her verse—a form in which it is far commoner than in prose—but Martin Pippin is her first book in this kind.
I am afraid to say too much about it for fear of prejudicing both the reviewers and the general public. My taste may not be theirs and in this matter there is no opportunity for argument. Let me, therefore, do no more than tell the story of how the manuscript affected me. I was a little overworked. I had been reading a great number of manuscripts in the preceding weeks, and the mere sight of typescript was a burden to me. But before I had read five pages of Martin Pippin, I had forgotten that it was a manuscript submitted for my judgment. I had forgotten who I was and where I lived. I was transported into a world of sunlight, of gay inconsequence, of emotional surprise, a world of poetry, delight, and humor. And I lived and took my joy in that rare world, until all too soon my reading was done.
My most earnest wish is that there may be many minds and imaginations among the American people who will be able to share that pleasure with me. For every one who finds delight in this book I can claim as a kindred spirit.
J. D. Beresford.
CONTENTS Foreword Introduction Prologue—Part I Part II Part III Prelude to the First Tale The First Tale: The King's Barn First Interlude The Second Tale: Young Gerard Second Interlude The Third Tale: The Mill of Dreams Third Interlude The Fourth Tale: Open Winkins Fourth Interlude The Fifth Tale: Proud Rosalind and the Hart-Royal Fifth Interlude The Sixth Tale: The Imprisoned Princess Postlude—Part I Part II Part III Part IV Epilogue Conclusion INTRODUCTION In Adversane in Sussex they still sing the song of The Spring-Green Lady; any fine evening, in the streets or in the meadows, you may come upon a band of children playing the old game that is their heritage, though few of them know its origin, or even that it had one. It is to them as the daisies in the grass and the stars in the sky. Of these things, and such as these, they ask no questions. But there you will still find one child who takes the part of the Emperor's Daughter, and another who is the Wandering Singer, and the remaining group (there should be no more than six in it) becomes the Spring-Green Lady, the Rose-White Lady, the Apple-Gold Lady, of the three parts of the game.
Often there are more than six in the group, for the true number of the damsels who guarded their fellow in her prison is as forgotten as their names: Joscelyn, Jane and Jennifer, Jessica, Joyce and Joan. Forgotten, too, the name of Gillian, the lovely captive. And the Wandering Singer is to them but the Wandering Singer, not Martin Pippin the Minstrel.
Worse and worse, he is even presumed to be the captive's sweetheart, who wheedles the flower, the ring, and the prison-key out of the strict virgins for his own purposes, and flies with her at last in his shallop across the sea, to live with her happily ever after. But this is a fallacy. Martin Pippin never wheedled anything out of anybody for his own purposes—in fact, he had none of his own. On this adventure he was about the business of young Robin Rue. There are further discrepancies; for the Emperor's Daughter was not an emperor's daughter, but a farmer's; nor was the Sea the sea, but a duckpond; nor— But let us begin with the children's version, as they sing and dance it on summer days and evenings in Adversane.
THE SINGING-GAME OF "THE SPRING-GREEN LADY" (The Emperor's Daughter sits weeping in her Tower. Around her, with their backs to her, stand six maids in a ring, with joined hands. They are in green dresses. The Wandering Singer approaches them with his lute.)
THE WANDERING SINGER Lady, lady, my spring-green lady, May I come into your orchard, lady?
 For the leaf is now on the apple-bough And the sun is high and the lawn is shady, Lady, lady, My fair lady!
 O my spring-green lady!
THE LADIES You may not come into our orchard, singer, Because we must guard the Emperor's Daughter Who hides in her hair at the windows there With her thoughts a thousand leagues over the water, Singer, singer, Wandering singer, O my honey-sweet singer!
THE WANDERING SINGER Lady, lady, my spring-green lady, But will you not hear an Alba, lady?
 I'll play for you now neath the apple-bough And you shall dance on the lawn so shady, Lady, lady, My fair lady, O my spring-green lady!
THE LADIES O if you play us an Alba, singer, How can that harm the Emperor's Daughter?
 No word would she say though we danced all day, With her thoughts a thousand leagues over the water, Singer, singer, Wandering singer, O my honey-sweet singer!
THE WANDERING SINGER But if I play you an Alba, lady, Get me a boon from the Emperor's Daughter— The flower from her hair for my heart to wear Though hers be a thousand leagues over the water, Lady, lady, My fair lady, O my spring-green lady!
THE LADIES (They give him the flower from the hair of the Emperor's Daughter, and sing—) Now you may play us an Alba, singer, A dance of dawn for a spring-green lady, For the leaf is now on the apple-bough, And the sun is high and the lawn is shady, Singer, singer, Wandering singer, O my honey-sweet singer!
The Wandering Singer plays on his lute, and The Ladies break their ranks and dance. The Singer steals up behind The Emperor's Daughter, who uncovers her face and sings—) THE EMPEROR'S DAUGHTER Mother, mother, my fair dead mother, They have stolen the flower from your weeping daughter!
THE WANDERING SINGER O dry your eyes, you shall have this other When yours is a thousand leagues over the water, Daughter, daughter, My sweet daughter!
 Love is not far, my daughter!
The Singer then drops a second flower into the lap of the child in the middle, and goes away, and this ends the first part of the game. The Emperor's Daughter is not yet released, for the key of her tower is understood to be still in the keeping


inventor.
"What do you mean by shooting at me?" he demanded.
"What do you mean, I say? The idea of scaring honest folks out of their wits, and making 'em think the end of the world has come! What do you mean by it? Why don't you answer me? I say, Tom Swift, why don't you answer me?" "Because you don't give me a chance, Mr.
Moker," replied our hero.
"I want to know why you shot at me? I demand to know!" and Mr. Moker, who was a sort of miserly town character, living all alone in a small house, just beyond Tom's home, again shook his fist almost in the lad's face. "Why don't you tell me? Why don't you tell me?" he shouted.
"I will, if you give me a chance!" fairly exploded Tom. "If you can be cool for five minutes, and come inside and tell me what happened I'll be glad to answer any of your questions, Mr. Moker. I didn't shoot at you." "Yes, you did! You tried to shoot a hole through me!" "Tell me about it?" suggested Tom, as the excited man calmed down somewhat. "Are you hurt?" "No, but it isn't your fault that I'm not. You tried hard enough to hurt me. Here I am, sitting at my table reading, and, all at once something goes through the side of the house, whizzes past my ear, makes my hair fairly stand up on end, and goes outside the other side of the house. What kind of bullets do you use, Tom Swift? that's what I want to know. They went through the side of my house, and never left a mark. I demand to know what kind they are." "I'll tell you, if you'll only give me a chance," went on Tom wearily. "How do you know it was me shooting?" "How do I know? Why, doesn't the end of this shooting gallery of yours point right at my house? Of course it does; you can't deny it!" Tom did not attempt to, and Mr. Moker went on: "Now what do you mean by it?" "If any of the bullets from my electric gun went near you, it was a mistake, and I'm sorry for it," said Tom.
"Well, they did, all right," declared the excited man. "They went right past my ear." "I don't see how they could," declared Tom.
"I was trying my new electric rifle, but I had the limit set for two hundred feet, the length of the gallery. That is, the electrical discharge couldn't go beyond that distance." "I don't know what it was, but it went through the side of my house all the same," insisted Mr. Moker. "It didn't make a hole, but it scorched the wall paper a little." "I don't see how it could," declared Tom.
"It couldn't possibly have gone over two hundred feet with the gage set for that distance." He paused suddenly, and hurried over to where he had placed his gun. Catching up the weapon he looked at the gage dial. Then he uttered an exclamation.
"I'm sorry to admit that you are right, Mr.
Moker!" he said finally. "I made a mistake. The gage is set for a thousand feet instead of two hundred. I forgot to change it. The charge, after passing through the steel plate, and the scarecrow figure, destroying the latter, went on, and shot through the side of your house." "Ha! I knew you were trying to shoot me!" exclaimed the still angry man. "I'll have the law on you for this!" "Oh, that's all nonsense!" broke in Ned Newton "Everybody knows Tom Swift wouldn't try to shoot you, or any one else, Mr. Moker." "Then why did he shoot at me?" "That was a mistake," explained Tom, "and I apologize to you for it." "Humph! A lot of good that would do me, if I'd been killed!" muttered the miser. "I'm going to sue you for this. You might have put me in my grave." "Impossible!" exclaimed Tom.
"Why impossible?" demanded the visitor.
"Because I had so set the rifle that almost the entire force of the electrical bullet was expended in blowing apart the scarecrow figure I made for a test," explained Tom.
"All that passed through your house was a small charge, and, if it HAD hit you there would have been no more than a little shock, such as you would feel in taking hold of an electric battery." "How do I know this?" asked the man cunningly.
"You say so, but for all I know you may have wanted to kill me." "Why?" asked Tom, trying not to laugh.
"Oh, so you might get some of my money. Of course I ain't got none," the miser went on quickly, "but folks thinks I've got a lot, and I have to be on the lookout all the while, or they'd murder me for it." "I wouldn't," declared the young inventor.
"It was a mistake. Only part of the spent charge passed near you. Why, if it had been a powerful charge you would never have been able to come over here. I set the main charge to go off inside the scarecrow, and it did so, as you can see by looking at what's left of it," and he pointed to the pile of clothes and rags.
"How do I know this?" insisted the miser with a leer at the two lads.
"Because if the charge had gone off either before or after it passed through the figure, it would not have caused such havoc of the cloth and straw," explained Tom. "First the charge would have destroyed the steel plate, which it passed through without even denting it. Why, look here, I will now fire the rifle at short range, and set it to destroy the plate. See what happens." He quickly adjusted the weapon, and aimed it at the plate, which, had again been set up on the range. This time Tom was careful to set the gage so that even a small part of the spent charge would not go outside the gallery.
The young inventor pressed the button, and instantly the heavy steel plate was bent, torn and twisted as though a small sized cannon ball had gone through it.
"That's what the rifle will do at short range," said Tom. "Don't worry, Mr. Moker, you didn't have a narrow escape. You were in no danger at all, though I apologize for the fright I caused you." "Humph! That's an easy way to get out of it!" exclaimed the miser. "I believe I could sue you for damages, anyhow. Look at my scorched wall paper." "Oh, I'll pay for that," said Tom quickly, for he did not wish to have trouble with the unpleasant man.
"Will ten dollars be enough?" He knew that the whole room could be repapered for that, and he did not believe the wall-covering was sufficiently damaged for such work to be necessary.
"Well, if you'll make it twelve dollars, I won't say anything more about it," agreed the miser craftily, "though it's worth thirteen dollars, if it is a penny. Give me twelve dollars, Tom Swift, and I won't prosecute you." "All right, twelve dollars it shall be," responded the young inventor, passing over the money, and glad to be rid of the unpleasant character.
"And after this, just fire that gun of yours the other way," suggested Mr. Moker as he went out, carefully folding the bills which Tom had handed him.
"Hum! that was rather queer," remarked Ned, after a pause.
"It sure was," agreed his chum. "This rifle will do more than I thought it would. I'll have to be more careful. I was sure I set the gage for two hundred feet. I'll have to invent some automatic attachment to prevent it being discharged when the gage is set wrong." Let us state here that Tom did this, and never had another accident.
"Well, does this end the test?" asked Ned.
"No, indeed. I want you to try it, while I look on," spoke Tom. "We haven't any more stuffed figures to fire at, but I'll set up some targets. Come on, try your luck at a shot." "I'm afraid I might disturb Mr


Milton.
 He lived when learning was at its highest pitch.

Addison.
 The exact pitch, or limits, where temperance ends.

Sharp.
4. Height; stature. [Obs.] Hudibras.
5. A descent; a fall; a thrusting down.

6. The point where a declivity begins; hence, the declivity itself; a descending slope; the degree or rate of descent or slope; slant; as, a steep pitch in the road; the pitch of a roof.

7. (Mus.) The relative acuteness or gravity of a tone, determined by the number of vibrations which produce it; the place of any tone upon a scale of high and low.

 Musical tones with reference to absolute pitch, are named after the first seven letters of the alphabet; with reference to relative pitch, in a series of tones called the scale, they are called one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight. Eight is also one of a new scale an octave higher, as one is eight of a scale an octave lower.

8. (Mining) The limit of ground set to a miner who receives a share of the ore taken out.

9. (Mech.) (a) The distance from center to center of any two adjacent teeth of gearing, measured on the pitch line; -- called also circular pitch. (b) The length, measured along the axis, of a complete turn of the thread of a screw, or of the helical lines of the blades of a screw propeller. (c) The distance between the centers of holes, as of rivet holes in boiler plates.

Concert pitch (Mus.), the standard of pitch used by orchestras, as in concerts, etc. -- Diametral pitch (Gearing), the distance which bears the same relation to the pitch proper, or circular pitch, that the diameter of a circle bears to its circumference; it is sometimes described by the number expressing the quotient obtained by dividing the number of teeth in a wheel by the diameter of its pitch circle in inches; as, 4 pitch, 8 pitch, etc. -- Pitch chain, a chain, as one made of metallic plates, adapted for working with a sprocket wheel. -- Pitch line, or Pitch circle (Gearing), an ideal line, in a toothed gear or rack, bearing such a relation to a corresponding line in another gear, with which the former works, that the two lines will have a common velocity as in rolling contact; it usually cuts the teeth at about the middle of their height, and, in a circular gear, is a circle concentric with the axis of the gear; the line, or circle, on which the pitch of teeth is measured. -- Pitch of a roof (Arch.), the inclination or slope of the sides expressed by the height in parts of the span; as, one half pitch; whole pitch; or by the height in parts of the half span, especially among engineers; or by degrees, as a pitch of 30°, of 45°, etc.; or by the rise and run, that is, the ratio of the height to the half span; as, a pitch of six rise to ten run. Equilateral pitch is where the two sloping sides with the span form an equilateral triangle. -- Pitch of a plane (Carp.), the slant of the cutting iron. -- Pitch pipe, a wind instrument used by choristers in regulating the pitch of a tune. -- Pitch point (Gearing), the point of contact of the pitch lines of two gears, or of a rack and pinion, which work together.

 Pitch"-black' (?), a. Black as pitch or tar.

 Pitch"blende' (?), n. [1st pitch + blende.] (Min.) A pitch-black mineral consisting chiefly of the oxide of uranium; uraninite.
 See Uraninite.

 Pitch"-dark', a. Dark as a pitch; pitch-black.

 Pitch"er (?), n. 1. One who pitches anything, as hay, quoits, a ball, etc.; specifically (Baseball), the player who delivers the ball to the batsman.

2. A sort of crowbar for digging. [Obs.] Mortimer.
 Pitch"er (?), n. [OE. picher, OF. pichier, OHG. pehhar, pehhri; prob. of the same origin as E. beaker. Cf. Beaker.]
 1. A wide-mouthed, deep vessel for holding liquids, with a spout or protruding lip and a handle; a water jug or jar with a large ear or handle.

2. (Bot.) A tubular or cuplike appendage or expansion of the leaves of certain plants.

American pitcher plants, the species of Sarracenia. See Sarracenia.
 -- Australian pitcher plant, the Cephalotus follicularis, a low saxifragaceous herb having two kinds of radical leaves, some oblanceolate and entire, others transformed into little ovoid pitchers, longitudinally triple-winged and ciliated, the mouth covered with a lid shaped like a cockleshell. -- California pitcher plant, the Darlingtonia California. See Darlingtonia. -- Pitcher plant, any plant with the whole or a part of the leaves transformed into pitchers or cuplike organs, especially the species of Nepenthes. See Nepenthes.

 Pitch"er*ful (?), n.; pl. Pitcherfuls (&?;). The quantity a pitcher will hold.

 Pitch"-faced' (?), a. (Stone Cutting) Having the arris defined by a line beyond which the rock is cut away, so as to give nearly true edges; -- said of squared stones that are otherwise quarry-faced.

 Pitch"fork' (?), n. A fork, or farming utensil, used in pitching hay, sheaves of grain, or the like.

 Pitch"fork', v. t. To pitch or throw with, or as with, a pitchfork.

 He has been pitchforked into the footguards.

G. A. Sala.
 Pitch"i*ness (?), n. [From Pitchy.] Blackness, as of pitch; darkness.

 Pitch"ing, n. 1. The act of throwing or casting; a cast; a pitch; as, wild pitching in baseball.

2. The rough paving of a street to a grade with blocks of stone. Mayhew.
3. (Hydraul. Eng.) A facing of stone laid upon a bank to prevent wear by tides or currents.

Pitching piece (Carp.), the horizontal timber supporting the floor of a platform of a stairway, and against which the stringpieces of the sloping parts are supported.

 Pitch"-ore' (?), n. (Min.) Pitchblende.

 Pitch"stone' (?), n. (Geol.) An igneous rock of semiglassy nature, having a luster like pitch.

 Pitch"work' (?), n. The work of a coal miner who is paid by a share of his product.

 Pitch"y (?), a. [From 1st Pitch.] 1. Partaking of the qualities of pitch; resembling pitch.

2. Smeared with pitch.

3. Black; pitch-dark; dismal. "Pitchy night." Shak.
 Pit"e*ous (?), a. [OE. pitous, OF. pitos, F. piteux.
 See Pity.] 1. Pious; devout. [Obs.]

 The Lord can deliver piteous men from temptation.

Wyclif.
2. Evincing pity, compassion, or sympathy; compassionate; tender.
 "[She] piteous of his case." Pope.
 She was so charitable and so pitous.

Chaucer.
3. Fitted to excite pity or sympathy; wretched; miserable; lamentable; sad; as, a piteous case. Spenser.
 The most piteous tale of Lear.

Shak.
4. Paltry; mean; pitiful. "Piteous amends." Milton.
Syn. -- Sorrowful; mournful; affecting; doleful; woeful; rueful; sad; w


esteads; esp., a law exempting a homestead from attachment or sale under execution for general debts. Such laws, with limitations as to the extent or value of the property, exist in most of the States. Called also homestead exemption law. (b) Also, a designation of an Act of Congress authorizing and regulating the sale of public lands, in parcels of 160 acres each, to actual settlers. [U.S.]

 Home"stead*er (?), n. One who has entered upon a portion of the public land with the purpose of acquiring ownership of it under provisions of the homestead law, so called; one who has acquired a homestead in this manner. [Local, U.S.]

 Home"ward (?), a. Being in the direction of home; as, the homeward way.

 { Home"ward (?), Home"wards (?), } adv. [AS. hmweard.]
 Toward home; in the direction of one's house, town, or country.

Homeward bound, bound for home; going homeward; as, the homeward bound fleet.

 Hom"i*ci'dal (?), a. Pertaining to homicide; tending to homicide; murderous.

 Hom"i*cide (?), n. [F., fr. L. homicidium, fr. homicida a man slayer; homo man + caedere to cut, kill. See Homage, and cf. Concise, Shed, v. t.] 1. The killing of one human being by another.

Homicide is of three kinds: justifiable, as when the killing is performed in the exercise of a right or performance of a duty; excusable, as when done, although not as duty or right, yet without culpable or criminal intent; and felonious, or involving what the law terms malice; the latter may be either manslaughter or murder. Bouvier.
2. One who kills another; a manslayer. Chaucer. Shak.
 Hom"i*form (?), a. [L. homo man + -form.] In human form. [Obs.] Cudworth.
 Hom"i*lete (?), n. A homilist.

 { Hom'i*let"ic (?), Hom'i*let"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. homilétique. See Homily.] 1. Of or pertaining to familiar intercourse; social; affable; conversable; companionable. [R.]

 His virtues active, chiefly, and homiletical, not those lazy, sullen ones of the cloister.

Atterbury.
2. Of or pertaining to homiletics; hortatory.

 Hom'i*let"ics (?), n. [Cf. F. homilétique.] The art of preaching; that branch of theology which treats of homilies or sermons, and the best method of preparing and delivering them.

 Hom"i*list (?), n. One who prepares homilies; one who preaches to a congregation.

 Hom"i*lite (?), n. [From Gr. &?; to be in company with.] (Min.)
 A borosilicate of iron and lime, near datolite in form and composition.

 Hom"i*ly (?), n.; pl. Homilies (#). [LL. homilia, Gr. &?; communion, assembly, converse, sermon, fr. &?; an assembly, fr. &?; same; cf. &?; together, and &?; crowd, cf.
 &?; to press: cf. F. homélie. See Same.] 1. A discourse or sermon read or pronounced to an audience; a serious discourse. Shak.
2. A serious or tedious exhortation in private on some moral point, or on the conduct of life.

 As I have heard my father Deal out in his long homilies.

Byron.
Book of Homilies. A collection of authorized, printed sermons, to be read by ministers in churches, esp. one issued in the time of Edward VI., and a second, issued in the reign of Elizabeth; -- both books being certified to contain a "godly and wholesome doctrine."

 Hom"ing (?), a. Home-returning; -- used specifically of carrier pigeons.

 Hom"i*ny (?), n. [From North American Indian auhúminea parched corn.] Maize hulled and broken, and prepared for food by being boiled in water. [U.S.] [Written also homony.]

 Hom"ish (?), a. Like a home or a home circle.

 Quiet, cheerful, homish hospital life.

E. E. Hale.
 Hom"mock (?), n. A small eminence of a conical form, of land or of ice; a knoll; a hillock. See Hummock. Bartram.
 Hom"mock*y (?), a. Filled with hommocks; piled in the form of hommocks; -- said of ice.

 Ho"mo- (?). A combining form from Gr. "omo's, one and the same, common, joint.

 Ho'mo*cat'e*gor"ic (?), a. [Homo- + categoric.] (Biol.)
 Belonging to the same category of individuality; -- a morphological term applied to organisms so related.

 Ho'mo*cen"tric (?), a. [Gr. &?;: &?; the same + &?; center: cf. F. homocentrique.] Having the same center.

 Ho'mo*cer"cal (?), a. [Homo- + Gr. &?; tail.] (Zoöl.)
 Having the tail nearly or quite symmetrical, the vertebral column terminating near its base; -- opposed to heterocercal.

 Ho"mo*cer'cy (?), n. (Zoöl.) The possession of a homocercal tail.

 Ho'mo*cer'e*brin (?), n. [Homo- + rebrin.] (Physiol.
 Chem.) A body similar to, or identical with, cerebrin.

 Ho'mo*chro"mous (?), a. [Homo- + Gr. &?; color.] (Bot.)
 Having all the florets in the same flower head of the same color.

 Ho'mo*dem"ic (?), a. [Homo- + 1st deme, 2.] (Biol.)
 A morphological term signifying development, in the case of multicellular organisms, from the same unit deme or unit of the inferior orders of individuality.

 Ho'mo*der"mic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to homodermy; originating from the same germ layer.

 Ho"mo*der'my (?), n. [Homo- + -derm.] (Biol.)
 Homology of the germinal layers.

 Hom"o*dont (?), a. [Homo- + Gr. &?;, &?;, a tooth.]
 (Anat.) Having all the teeth similar in front, as in the porpoises; -- opposed to heterodont.

 { Ho*mod"ro*mal (?), Ho*mod"ro*mous (?), } a. [Homo- + Gr.
 &?; a course, running.] 1. (Bot.) Running in the same direction; -- said of stems twining round a support, or of the spiral succession of leaves on stems and their branches.

2. (Mech.) Moving in the same direction; -- said of a lever or pulley in which the resistance and the actuating force are both on the same side of the fulcrum or axis.

 Ho'mo*dy*nam"ic (?), a. Homodynamous. Quain.
 Ho'mo*dy"na*mous (?), a. (Biol.) Pertaining to, or involving, homodynamy; as, successive or homodynamous parts in plants and animals.

 Ho'mo*dy"na*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; of like power; &?; the same + &?;


Depicted; p. pr. & vb. n. Depicting.] 1. To form a colored likeness of; to represent by a picture; to paint; to portray.

 His arms are fairly depicted in his chamber.

Fuller.
2. To represent in words; to describe vividly.

 Cæsar's gout was then depicted in energetic language.

Motley.
 De*pic"tion (?), n. [L. depictio.] A painting or depicting; a representation.

 De*pic"ture (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depictured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Depicturing.] To make a picture of; to paint; to picture; to depict.

 Several persons were depictured in caricature.

Fielding.
 Dep"i*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depilated; p. pr.
 & vb. n. Depilating.] [L. depilatus, p. p. of depilare to depilate; de- + pilare to put forth hairs, pilus hair.] To strip of hair; to husk. Venner.
 Dep'i*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. dépilation.] Act of pulling out or removing the hair; unhairing. Dryden.
 De*pil"a*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. dépilatoire.] Having the quality or power of removing hair. -- n. An application used to take off hair.

 Dep"i*lous (?), a. [Pref. de- + pilous: cf. L. depilis.]
 Hairless. Sir t. Browne.
 De*pla"nate (?), a. [L. deplanetus, p. p. of deplanare to make level. See Plane, v. t.] (Bot.) Flattened; made level or even.

 De*plant" (?), v. t. [Pref. de- + plan: cf. F. déplanter, L. deplantare to take off a twig. See Plant, v. t.] To take up (plants); to transplant. [R.]

 De'plan*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. déplantation.] Act of taking up plants from beds.

 De*plete" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Depleted; p. pr.
 & vb. n. Depleting.] [From L. deplere to empty out; de- + plere to fill. Forined like replete, complete. See Fill, Full, a.] 1. (Med.) To empty or unload, as the vessels of human system, by bloodletting or by medicine. Copland.
2. To reduce by destroying or consuming the vital powers of; to exhaust, as a country of its strength or resources, a treasury of money, etc. Saturday Review.
 De*ple"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. déplétion.] 1.
 The act of depleting or emptying.

2. (Med.) the act or process of diminishing the quantity of fluid in the vessels by bloodletting or otherwise; also excessive evacuation, as in severe diarrhea.

 De*ple"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. déplétif.] Able or fitted to deplete. -- n. A substance used to deplete.

 De*ple"to*ry (?), a. Serving to deplete.

 Dep'li*ca"tion (?), n. [LL. deplicare to unfold; L. de- + plicare to fold.] An unfolding, untwisting, or unplaiting. [Obs.]
 W. Montagu.
 Dep'loi*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. Exploitation, Deploy.] Same as Exploitation.

 De*plor'a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Deplorableness. Stormonth.
 De*plor"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. déplorable.] Worthy of being deplored or lamented; lamentable; causing grief; hence, sad; calamitous; grievous; wretched; as, life's evils are deplorable.

 Individual sufferers are in a much more deplorable conditious than any others.

Burke.
 De*plor"a*ble*ness, n. State of being deplorable.

 De*plor"a*bly, adv. In a deplorable manner.

 De*plo"rate (?), a. [L. deploratus, p. p. of deplorare.
 See Deplore.] Deplorable. [Obs.]

 A more deplorate estate.

Baker.
 Dep'lo*ra"tion (?), n. [L. deploratio: cf. F. déploration.]
 The act of deploring or lamenting; lamentation. Speed.
 De*plore" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deplored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deploring.] [L. deplorare; de- + plorare to cry out, wail, lament; prob. akin to pluere to rain, and to E. flow: cf. F. déplorer. Cf. Flow.] 1. To feel or to express deep and poignant grief for; to bewail; to lament; to mourn; to sorrow over.

 To find her, or forever to deplore Her loss.

Milton.
 As some sad turtle his lost love deplores.

Pope.
2. To complain of. [Obs.] Shak.
3. To regard as hopeless; to give up. [Obs.] Bacon.
Syn. -- To Deplore, Mourn, Lament, Bewail, Bemoan. Mourn is the generic term, denoting a state of grief or sadness. To lament is to express grief by outcries, and denotes an earnest and strong expression of sorrow. To deplore marks a deeper and more prolonged emotion. To bewail and to bemoan are appropriate only to cases of poignant distress, in which the grief finds utterance either in wailing or in moans and sobs. A man laments his errors, and deplores the ruin they have brought on his family; mothers bewail or bemoan the loss of their children.

 De*plore", v. i. To lament. Gray.
 De*plor"ed*ly (?), adv. Lamentably.

 De*plor"ed*ness, n. The state of being deplored or deplorable. [R.]
 Bp. Hail.
 De*plore"ment (?), n. Deploration. [Obs.]

 De*plor"er (?), n. One who deplores.

 De*plor"ing*ly, adv. In a deploring manner.

 De*ploy" (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Deployed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Deploying.] [F. déployer; pref.
 dé&?; = dés (L. dis) + ployer, equiv. to plier to fold, fr. L. plicare. See Ply, and cf.
 Display.] (Mil.) To open out; to unfold; to spread out (a body of troops) in such a way that they shall display a wider front and less depth; -- the reverse of ploy; as, to deploy a column of troops into line of battle.

 { De*ploy" (?), De*ploy"ment (?), } n. (Mil.) The act of deploying; a spreading out of a body of men in order to extend their front. Wilhelm.
Deployments... which cause the soldier to turn his back to the enemy are not suited to war.

H. L. Scott.
 De*plu"mate (?), a. [LL. diplumatus, p. p. of deplumare.
 See Deplume.] (Zoöl.) Destitute or deprived of features;