stand, set: cf. F. diastase.
 Cf. Diastasis.] (Physiol. Chem.) A soluble, nitrogenous ferment, capable of converting starch and dextrin into sugar.

 The name is more particularly applied to that ferment formed during the germination of grain, as in the malting of barley; but it is also occasionally used to designate the amylolytic ferment contained in animal fluids, as in the saliva.

 Di'a*sta"sic (?), a. Pertaining to, or consisting of, diastase; as, diastasic ferment.

 ||Di*as"ta*sis (?), n. [NL. See Diastase.] (Surg.) A forcible separation of bones without fracture.

 Di'a*stat"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; separative. See Diastase.] (Physiol.
 Chem.) Relating to diastase; having the properties of diastase; effecting the conversion of starch into sugar.

 The influence of acids and alkalies on the diastatic action of saliva.

Lauder Brunton.
 Di"a*stem (?), n. [L. diastema, Gr. &?;, fr. &?;: cf. F. diastème.] (a) Intervening space; interval. (b) (Anc. Mus.) An interval.

 ||Di'a*ste"ma (?), n. [L. See Diastem.] (Anat.) A vacant space, or gap, esp. between teeth in a jaw.

 Di*as"ter (?), n. [Gr. di- = di's- twice + &?; star.] (Biol.)
 A double star; -- applied to the nucleus of a cell, when, during cell division, the loops of the nuclear network separate into two groups, preparatory to the formation of two daughter nuclei. See Karyokinesis.

 ||Di*as"to*le (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to put asunder, to separate; dia' through + &?; to set, to place.] 1.
(Physiol.) The rhythmical expansion or dilatation of the heart and arteries; -- correlative to systole, or contraction.

2. (Gram.) A figure by which a syllable naturally short is made long.

 Di'as*tol"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to diastole.

 Di"a*style (?), n. [L. diastylus, Gr. &?;; dia' through, asunder + &?; pillar, column: cf. F. diastyle.] (Arch.)
 See under Intercolumniation.

 ||Di'a*tes"sa*ron (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; (sc. &?;); dia' through + &?;, gen. of &?; four (sc. &?;.).] 1. (Anc.
 Mus.) The interval of a fourth.

2. (Theol.) A continuous narrative arranged from the first four books of the New Testament.

3. An electuary compounded of four medicines.

 Di'a*ther"mal (?), a. [Gr. &?; thoroughly warm; dia' through + &?; warm, hot. Cf. Diathermous.] Freely permeable by radiant heat.

 { Di'a*ther"man*cy (?), Di'a*ther'ma*ne"i*ty (?), } n. [See Diathermanous.] The property of transmitting radiant heat; the quality of being diathermous. Melloni.
 Di'a*ther"ma*nism (?), n. The doctrine or the phenomena of the transmission of radiant heat. Nichol.
 Di'a*ther"ma*nous (?), a. [Gr. &?; to warm through; dia' through + &?; to warm, &?; warm.] Having the property of transmitting radiant heat; diathermal; -- opposed to athermanous.

 Di'a*ther"mic (?), a. Affording a free passage to heat; as, diathermic substances. Melloni.
 Di'a*ther*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; warm + -meter. See Diathermal.] (Physics) An instrument for examining the thermal resistance or heatconducting power of liquids.

 Di'a*ther"mous (?), a. Same as Diathermal.

 ||Di*ath"e*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to place separately, arrange; dia' through, asunder + &?; to place, put.] (Med.)
 Bodily condition or constitution, esp. a morbid habit which predisposes to a particular disease, or class of diseases.

 Di'a*thet"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or dependent on, a diathesis or special constitution of the body; as, diathetic disease.

 Di"a*tom (d'*tm), n. [Gr. dia'tomos cut in two. See Diatomous.] 1.
(Bot.) One of the Diatomaceæ, a family of minute unicellular Algæ having a siliceous covering of great delicacy, each individual multiplying by spontaneous division. By some authors diatoms are called Bacillariæ, but this word is not in general use.

2. A particle or atom endowed with the vital principle.

 The individual is nothing. He is no more than the diatom, the bit of protoplasm.

Mrs. E. Lynn Linton.
 Di'a*tom"ic (d'*tm"k), a. [Pref. di- + atomic.] (Chem.)
(a) Containing two atoms. (b) Having two replaceable atoms or radicals.

 Di*at"o*mous (?), a. [Gr. dia'tomos cut through, fr. diate'mnein to cut through; dia' through + te'mnein to cut. Cf. Diatom.] (Min.)
 Having a single, distinct, diagonal cleavage; -- said of crystals. Mohs.
 Di'a*ton"ic (d'*tn"k), a. [L. diatonicus, diatonus, Gr. &?;, &?;, fr. &?; to stretch out; dia' through + &?; to stretch: cf. F. diatonique. See Tone.] (Mus.) Pertaining to the scale of eight tones, the eighth of which is the octave of the first.

Diatonic scale (Mus.), a scale consisting of eight sounds with seven intervals, of which two are semitones and five are whole tones; a modern major or minor scale, as distinguished from the chromatic scale.

 Di'a*ton"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In a diatonic manner.

 Di"a*tribe (?; 277), n. [L. diatriba a learned discussion, Gr. &?;, prop., a wearing away of time, fr. &?; to rub away, spend time; dia' through + &?; to rub: cf. L. terere, F. trite: cf. F. diatribe.] A prolonged or exhaustive discussion; especially, an acrimonious or invective harangue; a strain of abusive or railing language; a philippic.

 The ephemeral diatribe of a faction.

John Morley.
 Di*at"ri*bist (?), n. One who makes a diatribe or diatribes.

 ||Di'a*try"ma (?), n. [NL., from Gr. dia' through + &?; hole.]
 (Paleon.) An extinct eocene bird from New Mexico, larger than the ostrich.

 { Di'a*zeuc"tic (?), Di'a*zeu"tic (?), } a. [Gr. &?; disjunctive, fr. &?; to disjoin; dia' through, asunder + &?; to join, yoke.] (Anc. Mus.) Disjoining two


LIFE IS A DREAM By Pedro Calderon De La Barca Translated by Edward Fitzgerald Contents INTRODUCTORY NOTE LIFE IS A DREAM ACT I SCENE I—A pass of rocks, over which a storm is rolling away, SCENE II.—The Palace at Warsaw ACT II SCENE I—A Throne-room in the Palace.
 Music within.
 ACT III.
 SCENE I.—The Tower, etc., as in Act I. Scene I. ACT IV.
 SCENE I.—A wooded pass near the field of battle: INTRODUCTORY NOTE Pedro Calderon de la Barca was born in Madrid, January 17, 1600, of good family. He was educated at the Jesuit College in Madrid and at the University of Salamanca; and a doubtful tradition says that he began to write plays at the age of thirteen. His literary activity was interrupted for ten years, _PHONE_, by military service in Italy and the Low Countries, and again for a year or more in Catalonia. In 1637 he became a Knight of the Order of Santiago, and in 1651 he entered the priesthood, rising to the dignity of Superior of the Brotherhood of San Pedro in Madrid. He held various offices in the court of Philip IV, who rewarded his services with pensions, and had his plays produced with great splendor. He died May 5, 1681.

 At the time when Calderon began to compose for the stage, the Spanish drama was at its height. Lope de Vega, the most prolific and, with Calderon, the greatest, of Spanish dramatists, was still alive; and by his applause gave encouragement to the beginner whose fame was to rival his own. The national type of drama which Lope had established was maintained in its essential characteristics by Calderon, and he produced abundant specimens of all its varieties. Of regular plays he has left a hundred and twenty; of "Autos Sacramentales," the peculiar Spanish allegorical development of the medieval mystery, we have seventy-three; besides a considerable number of farces.

 The dominant motives in Calderon's dramas are characteristically national: fervid loyalty to Church and King, and a sense of honor heightened almost to the point of the fantastic. Though his plays are laid in a great variety of scenes and ages, the sentiment and the characters remain essentially Spanish; and this intensely local quality has probably lessened the vogue of Calderon in other countries. In the construction and conduct of his plots he showed great skill, yet the ingenuity expended in the management of the story did not restrain the fiery emotion and opulent imagination which mark his finest speeches and give them a lyric quality which some critics regard as his greatest distinction.

 Of all Calderon's works, "Life is a Dream" may be regarded as the most universal in its theme. It seeks to teach a lesson that may be learned from the philosophers and religious thinkers of many ages—that the world of our senses is a mere shadow, and that the only reality is to be found in the invisible and eternal. The story which forms its basis is Oriental in origin, and in the form of the legend of "Barlaam and Josaphat" was familiar in all the literatures of the Middle Ages. Combined with this in the plot is the tale of Abou Hassan from the "Arabian Nights," the main situations in which are turned to farcical purposes in the Induction to the Shakespearean "Taming of the Shrew." But with Calderon the theme is lifted altogether out of the atmosphere of comedy, and is worked up with poetic sentiment and a touch of mysticism into a symbolic drama of profound and universal philosophical significance.

 LIFE IS A DREAM The Scene of the first and third Acts lies on the Polish frontier: of the second Act, in Warsaw.

 As this version of Calderon's drama is not for acting, a higher and wider mountain-scene than practicable may be imagined for Rosaura's descent in the first Act and the soldiers' ascent in the last. The bad watch kept by the sentinels who guarded their state-prisoner, together with much else (not all!) that defies sober sense in this wild drama, I must leave Calderon to answer for; whose audience were not critical of detail and probability, so long as a good story, with strong, rapid, and picturesque action and situation, was set before them.

 ACT I SCENE I—A pass of rocks, over which a storm is rolling away, and the sun setting: in the foreground, half-way down, a fortress.

 (Enter first from the topmost rock Rosaura, as from horseback, in man's attire; and, after her, Fife.)

 SCENE II.—The Palace at Warsaw Enter on one side Astolfo, Duke of Muscovy, with his train: and, on the other, the Princess Estrella, with hers.

 ACT II SCENE I—A Throne-room in the Palace. Music within.

 ACT III.

 SCENE I.—The Tower, etc., as in Act I. Scene I. ACT IV.

 SCENE I.—A wooded pass near the field of battle: drums, trumpets, firing, etc. Cries of 'God save Basilio! Segismund,' etc.


) A mode of printing (common in China and Japan) from engraved boards by means of a sheet of paper laid on the linked surface and rubbed with a brush. S. W. Williams. (b) A method of printing cotton cloth and paper hangings with colors, by pressing them upon an engraved surface coated with coloring matter. -- Block system on railways, a system by which the track is divided into sections of three or four miles, and trains are so run by the guidance of electric signals that no train enters a section or block before the preceding train has left it.

 Block (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blocked (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Blocking.] [Cf. F. bloquer, fr. bloc block. See Block, n.] 1. To obstruct so as to prevent passage or progress; to prevent passage from, through, or into, by obstructing the way; -- used both of persons and things; -- often followed by up; as, to block up a road or harbor.

 With moles... would block the port. Rowe.
 A city... besieged and blocked about. Milton.
2. To secure or support by means of blocks; to secure, as two boards at their angles of intersection, by pieces of wood glued to each.

3. To shape on, or stamp with, a block; as, to block a hat.

To block out, to begin to reduce to shape; to mark out roughly; to lay out; as, to block out a plan.

 Block*ade" (&?;), n. [Cf. It. bloccata. See Block, v. t. ] 1. The shutting up of a place by troops or ships, with the purpose of preventing ingress or egress, or the reception of supplies; as, the blockade of the ports of an enemy.

Blockade is now usually applied to an investment with ships or vessels, while siege is used of an investment by land forces. To constitute a blockade, the investing power must be able to apply its force to every point of practicable access, so as to render it dangerous to attempt to enter; and there is no blockade of that port where its force can not be brought to bear. Kent.
2. An obstruction to passage.

To raise a blockade. See under Raise.

 Block*ade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Blockaded; p. pr.
 & vb. n. Blockading.] 1. To shut up, as a town or fortress, by investing it with troops or vessels or war for the purpose of preventing ingress or egress, or the introduction of supplies. See note under Blockade, n. "Blockaded the place by sea." Gilpin.
2. Hence, to shut in so as to prevent egress.

 Till storm and driving ice blockade him there. Wordsworth.
3. To obstruct entrance to or egress from.

 Huge bales of British cloth blockade the door. Pope.
 Block*ad"er (&?;), n. 1. One who blockades.

2. (Naut.) A vessel employed in blockading.

 Block"age (&?;), n. The act of blocking up; the state of being blocked up.

 Block" book' (&?;). A book printed from engraved wooden blocks instead of movable types.

 Block"head' (&?;), n. [Block + head.] A stupid fellow; a dolt; a person deficient in understanding.

 The bookful blockhead, ignorantly read, With loads of learned lumber in his head. Pope.
 Block"head'ed, a. Stupid; dull.

 Block"head*ism (&?;), n. That which characterizes a blockhead; stupidity. Carlyle.
 Block"house' (&?;), n. [Block + house: cf. G. blockhaus.]
 1. (Mil.) An edifice or structure of heavy timbers or logs for military defense, having its sides loopholed for musketry, and often an upper story projecting over the lower, or so placed upon it as to have its sides make an angle wit the sides of the lower story, thus enabling the defenders to fire downward, and in all directions; -- formerly much used in America and Germany.

2. A house of squared logs. [West. & South. U. S.]

 Block"ing, n. 1. The act of obstructing, supporting, shaping, or stamping with a block or blocks.

2. Blocks used to support (a building, etc.) temporarily.

 Block"ing course' (&?;). (Arch.) The finishing course of a wall showing above a cornice.

 Block"ish, a. Like a block; deficient in understanding; stupid; dull. "Blockish Ajax." Shak. -- Block"ish*ly, adv. -- Block"ish*ness, n. Block"like' (&?;), a. Like a block; stupid.

 Block" tin' (&?;). See under Tin.

 Bloe"dite (&?;), n. [From the chemist Blöde.] (Min.)
 A hydrous sulphate of magnesium and sodium.

 Blom"a*ry (&?;), n. See Bloomery.

 { Blonc"ket, Blon"ket } (&?;), a. [OF. blanquet whitish, dim. of blanc white. Cf. Blanket.] Gray; bluish gray. [Obs.]

 Our bloncket liveries been all too sad. Spenser.
 { Blond, Blonde } (&?;), a. [F., fair, light, of uncertain origin; cf. AS. blonden-feax gray-haired, old, prop.
 blended-haired, as a mixture of white and brown or black. See Blend, v. t. ] Of a fair color; lightcolored; as, blond hair; a blond complexion.

 Blonde (&?;), n. [F.] 1. A person of very fair complexion, with light hair and light blue eyes. [Written also blond.]

2. [So called from its color.] A kind of silk lace originally of the color of raw silk, now sometimes dyed; -- called also blond lace.

 Blond" met'al (&?;). A variety of clay ironstone, in Staffordshire, England, used for making tools.

 Blond"ness, n. The state of being blond. G. Eliot.
 Blood (bld), n. [OE. blod, blood, AS. bld; akin to D. bloed, OHG. bluot, G. blut, Goth. blþ, Icel. blð, Sw. & Dan. blod; prob. fr. the same root as E. blow to bloom. See Blow to bloom.] 1. The fluid which circulates in the principal vascular system of animals, carrying nourishment to all parts of the body, and bringing away waste products to be excreted. See under Arterial.

 The blood consists of a liquid, the plasma, containing minute particles, the blood corpuscles. In the invertebrate animals it is usually nearly colorless, and contains only one kind of corpuscles; but in all vertebrates, except Amphioxus, it contains some colorless corpuscles, with many more which are red and give the blood its uniformly red color. See Corpuscle, Plasma.

2. Relationship by descent from a common ancestor; consanguinity; kinship.

 To share the blood of Saxon royalty. Sir W. Scott.
 A friend of our own blood. Waller.
Half blood (Law), relationship through only one parent. -- Whole blood, relationship through both father and mother. In American Law, blood includes both half blood, and whole blood. Bouvier.
Peters.
3. Descent; lineage; especially, honorable birth; the highest royal lineage.

 Give us a prince of blood, a son of Priam. Shak.
 I am a gentleman of blood and breeding. Shak.
4. (Stock Breeding) Descent from parents of recognized breed; excellence or purity of breed.


like a fricassee.

 Fri*ca"tion (?), n. [L. fricatio, fr. fricare, fricatum, to rub. ] Friction. [Obs.] Bacon.
 Fric"a*tive (?), a. [See Frication.] (Phon.) Produced by the friction or rustling of the breath, intonated or unintonated, through a narrow opening between two of the mouth organs; uttered through a close approach, but not with a complete closure, of the organs of articulation, and hence capable of being continued or prolonged; -- said of certain consonantal sounds, as f, v, s, z, etc. -- n. A fricative consonant letter or sound. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 197-206, etc.

 Fric"a*trice (?), n. [Cf. L. frictrix, fr. fricare to rub.] A lewd woman; a harlot. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
 Fric"kle (?), n. A bushel basket. [Obs.]

 Fric"tion (?), n. [L. frictio, fr. fricare, frictum,to rub: cf. F. friction. See Fray to rub, arid cf. Dentifrice.] 1.
 The act of rubbing the surface of one body against that of another; attrition; in hygiene, the act of rubbing the body with the hand, with flannel, or with a brush etc., to excite the skin to healthy action.

2. (Mech.) The resistance which a body meets with from the surface on which it moves. It may be resistance to sliding motion, or to rolling motion.

3. A clashing between two persons or parties in opinions or work; a disagreement tending to prevent or retard progress.

Angle of friction (Mech.), the angle which a plane onwhich a body is lying makes with a horizontal plane,when the hody is just ready to slide dewn the plane. This angle varies for different bodies, and for planes of different materials. -- Anti-friction wheels (Mach.), wheels turning freely on small pivots, and sustaining, at the angle formed by their circumferences, the pivot or journal of a revolving shaft, to relieve it of friction; -- called also friction wheels. -- Friction balls, or Friction rollers, balls or rollers placed so as to receive the pressure or weight of bodies in motion, and relieve friction, as in the hub of a bicycle wheel. -- Friction brake (Mach.), a form of dynamometer for measuring the power a motor exerts. A clamp around the revolving shaft or fly wheel of the motor resists the motion by its friction, the work thus absorbed being ascertained by observing the force required to keep the clamp from revolving with the shaft; a Prony brake. -- Friction chocks, brakes attached to the common standing garrison carriages of guns, so as to raise the trucks or wheels off the platform when the gun begins to recoil, and prevent its running back. Earrow.
 -- Friction clutch, Friction coupling, an engaging and disengaging gear for revolving shafts, pulleys, etc., acting by friction; esp.: (a) A device in which a piece on one shaft or pulley is so forcibly pressed against a piece on another shaft that the two will revolve together; as, in the illustration, the cone a on one shaft, when thrust forcibly into the corresponding hollow cone b on the other shaft, compels the shafts to rotate together, by the hold the friction of the conical surfaces gives. (b) A toothed clutch, one member of which, instead of being made fast on its shaft, is held by friction and can turn, by slipping, under excessive strain or in starting.
 -- Friction drop hammer, one in which the hammer is raised for striking by the friction of revolving rollers which nip the hammer rod. -- Friction gear. See Frictional gearing, under Frictional. -- Friction machine, an electrical machine, generating electricity by friction. -- Friction meter, an instrument for measuring friction, as in testing lubricants. -- Friction powder, Friction composition, a composition of chlorate of potassium, antimony, sulphide, etc, which readily ignites by friction. -- Friction primer, Friction tube, a tube used for firing cannon by means of the friction of a roughened wire in the friction powder or composition with which the tube is filled. -- Friction wheel (Mach.), one of the wheels in frictional gearing. See under Frictional.

 Fric"tion*al (?), a. Relating to friction; moved by friction; produced by friction; as, frictional electricity.

Frictional gearing, wheels which transmit motion by surface friction instead of teeth. The faces are sometimes made more or less V-shaped to increase or decrease friction, as required.

 Fric"tion*less, a. Having no friction.

 Fri"day (?), n. [AS. frigedæg, fr. Frigu, the gooddes of marriage; friqu love + dæg day; cf. Icel.
 Frigg name of a goddess, the wife of Odin or Wodan, OHG. Fratag, Icel. Frjdagr. AS. frigu is prob. from the root of E. friend, free. See Free, and Day.] The sixth day of the week, following Thursday and preceding Saturday.

 Fridge (?), v. t. [AS. frician to dance, from free bold. Cf. Freak, n.] To rub; to fray. [Obs.] Sterne.
 { Frid"stol' (frd"stl'), Frith'stool" (frth"stl') }, n. [AS. friðstl.
 See Fred, and Stool.] A seat in churches near the altar, to which offenders formerly fled for sanctuary. [Written variously fridstool, freedstool, etc.] [Obs.]

 Fried (frd), imp. & p. p. of Fry.

 Friend (frnd), n. [OR. frend, freond, AS. freónd, prop. p. pr. of freón, freógan, to love; akin to D. vriend friend, OS. friund friend, friohan to love, OHG. friunt friend, G. freund, Icel. frændi kinsman, Sw. frände. Goth. frijnds friend, frijn to love. √83. See Free, and cf. Fiend.] 1. One who entertains for another such sentiments of esteem, respect, and affection that he seeks his society and welfare; a wellwisher; an intimate associate; sometimes, an attendant.

 Want gives to know the flatterer from the friend.

Dryden.
 A friend that sticketh closer than a brother.

Prov. xviii. 24.
2. One not inimical or hostile; one not a foe or enemy; also, one of the same nation, party, kin, etc., whose friendly feelings may be assumed. The word is some times used as a term of friendly address.

Friend, how camest thou in hither?

Matt. xxii. 12.
3. One who looks propitiously on a cause, an institution, a project, and the like; a favorer; a promoter; as, a friend to commerce, to poetry, to an institution.

4. One of a religious sect characterized by disuse of outward rites and an ordained ministry, by simplicity of dress and speech, and esp. by opposition to war and a desire to live at peace with all men. They are popularly called Quakers.

 America was first visited by Friends in 1656.

T. Chase.
5. A paramour of either sex. [Obs.] Shak.
A friend at court or in court, one disposed to act as a friend in a place of special opportunity or influence. -- To be friends with, to have friendly relations with. "He's... friends with C


(dat. pl. of &?; all) + &?; talking.] A form of speech adapted to be used by all mankind; universal language.

 Pask (?), n. [See Pasque.] See Pasch.

 Pas"py (?), n. [F. passe-pied.] A kind of minuet, in triple time, of French origin, popular in the reign of Queen Elizabeth and for some time after; -- called also passing measure, and passymeasure.
 Percy Smith.
 Pasque (?), n. [OF. pasque.] See Pasch.

Pasque flower (Bot.), a name of several plants of the genus Anemone, section Pulsatilla. They are perennial herbs with rather large purplish blossoms, which appear in early spring, or about Easter, whence the common name. Called also campana.

 Pas"quil (?), n. [It. pasquillo.] See Pasquin. [R.]

 Pas"quil, v. t. [R.] See Pasquin.

 Pas"quil*ant (?), n. A lampooner; a pasquiler. [R.] Coleridge.
 Pas"quil*er (?), n. A lampooner. [R.] Burton.
 Pas"quin (?), n. [It. pasquino a mutilated statue at Rome, set up against the wall of the place of the Orsini; -- so called from a witty cobbler or tailor, near whose shop the statue was dug up. On this statue it was customary to paste satiric papers.] A lampooner; also, a lampoon. See Pasquinade.

 The Grecian wits, who satire first began, Were pleasant pasquins on the life of man.

Dryden.
 Pas"quin, v. t. To lampoon; to satiraze. [R.]

 To see himself pasquined and affronted.

Dryden.
 Pas'quin*ade" (?), n. [F. pasquinade, It. pasquinata.]
 A lampoon or satirical writing. Macaulay.
 Pas'quin*ade", v. t. To lampoon, to satirize.

 Pass (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Passed (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Passing.] [F. passer, LL. passare, fr. L. passus step, or from pandere, passum, to spread out, lay open. See Pace.] 1. To go; to move; to proceed; to be moved or transferred from one point to another; to make a transit; -- usually with a following adverb or adverbal phrase defining the kind or manner of motion; as, to pass on, by, out, in, etc.; to pass swiftly, directly, smoothly, etc.; to pass to the rear, under the yoke, over the bridge, across the field, beyond the border, etc. "But now pass over [i. e., pass on]." Chaucer.
 On high behests his angels to and fro Passed frequent.

Milton.
 Sweet sounds rose slowly through their mouths, And from their bodies passed.

Coleridge.
2. To move or be transferred from one state or condition to another; to change possession, condition, or circumstances; to undergo transition; as, the business has passed into other hands.

 Others, dissatisfied with what they have,... pass from just to unjust.

Sir W. Temple.
3. To move beyond the range of the senses or of knowledge; to pass away; hence, to disappear; to vanish; to depart; specifically, to depart from life; to die.

 Disturb him not, let him pass paceably.

Shak.
 Beauty is a charm, but soon the charm will pass.

Dryden.
 The passing of the sweetest soul That ever looked with human eyes.

Tennyson.
4. To move or to come into being or under notice; to come and go in consciousness; hence, to take place; to occur; to happen; to come; to occur progressively or in succession; to be present transitorily.

 So death passed upon all men.

Rom. v. 12.
 Our own consciousness of what passes within our own mind.

I. Watts.
5. To go by or glide by, as time; to elapse; to be spent; as, their vacation passed pleasantly.

 Now the time is far passed.

Mark vi. 35 6. To go from one person to another; hence, to be given and taken freely; as, clipped coin will not pass; to obtain general acceptance; to be held or regarded; to circulate; to be current; -- followed by for before a word denoting value or estimation. "Let him pass for a man." Shak.
 False eloquence passeth only where true is not understood.

Felton.
 This will not pass for a fault in him.

Atterbury.
7. To advance through all the steps or stages necessary to validity or effectiveness; to be carried through a body that has power to sanction or reject; to receive legislative sanction; to be enacted; as, the resolution passed; the bill passed both houses of Congress.

8. To go through any inspection or test successfully; to be approved or accepted; as, he attempted the examination, but did not expect to pass.

9. To be suffered to go on; to be tolerated; hence, to continue; to live along. "The play may pass." Shak.
10. To go unheeded or neglected; to proceed without hindrance or opposition; as, we let this act pass.

11. To go beyond bounds; to surpass; to be in excess. [Obs.] "This passes, Master Ford." Shak.
12. To take heed; to care. [Obs.]

 As for these silken-coated slaves, I pass not.

Shak.
13. To go through the intestines. Arbuthnot.
14. (Law) To be conveyed or transferred by will, deed, or other instrument of conveyance; as, an estate passes by a certain clause in a deed. Mozley & W.
15. (Fencing) To make a lunge or pass; to thrust.

16. (Card Playing & other games) To decline to take an optional action when it is one's turn, as to decline to bid, or to bet, or to play a card; in euchre, to decline to make the trump.

 She would not play, yet must not pass.

Prior.
17. In football, hockey, etc., to make a pass; to transfer the ball, etc., to another player of one's own side. [Webster 1913 Suppl.]

To bring to pass, To come to pass. See under Bring, and Come.
 -- To pass away, to disappear; to die; to vanish. "The heavens shall pass away." 2 Pet. iii. 10. "I thought to pass away before, but yet alive I am." Tennyson. -- To pass by, to go near and beyond a certain person or place; as, he passed by as we stood there. -- To pass into, to change by a gradual transmission; to blend or unite with. -- To pass on, to proceed. -- To pass on or upon. (a) To happen to; to come upon; to affect. "So death passed upon all men." Rom. v. 12. "Provided no indirect act pass upon our prayers to define them." Jer. Taylor.
(b) To determine concerning; to give judgment or sentence upon. "We may not pass upon his life." Shak. -- To pass off, to go away; to cease; to disappear; as, an agitation passes off. -- To pass over, to go from one side or end to the other; to cross, as a river, road, or bridge.

 Pass (?), v. t. 1. In simple, transitive senses; as: (a) To go by, beyond, over, through, or the like; to proceed from one side to the other of


. n. Extracting.] [L. extractus, p. p. of extrahere to extract; ex out + trahere to draw. See Trace, and cf.
 Estreat.] 1. To draw out or forth; to pull out; to remove forcibly from a fixed position, as by traction or suction, etc.; as, to extract a tooth from its socket, a stump from the earth, a splinter from the finger.

 The bee Sits on the bloom extracting liquid sweet.

Milton.
2. To withdraw by expression, distillation, or other mechanical or chemical process; as, to extract an essence. Cf. Abstract, v. t., 6.

 Sunbeams may be extracted from cucumbers, but the process is tedious.

3. To take by selection; to choose out; to cite or quote, as a passage from a book.

 I have extracted out of that pamphlet a few notorious falsehoods.

Swift.
To extract the root (Math.), to ascertain the root of a number or quantity.

 Ex"tract' (?), n. 1. That which is extracted or drawn out.

2. A portion of a book or document, separately transcribed; a citation; a quotation.

3. A decoction, solution, or infusion made by drawing out from any substance that which gives it its essential and characteristic virtue; essence; as, extract of beef; extract of dandelion; also, any substance so extracted, and characteristic of that from which it is obtained; as, quinine is the most important extract of Peruvian bark.

4. (Med.) A solid preparation obtained by evaporating a solution of a drug, etc., or the fresh juice of a plant; -- distinguished from an abstract. See Abstract, n., 4.

5. (Old Chem.) A peculiar principle once erroneously supposed to form the basis of all vegetable extracts; -- called also the extractive principle. [Obs.]

6. Extraction; descent. [Obs.] South.
7. (Scots Law) A draught or copy of writing; certified copy of the proceedings in an action and the judgement therein, with an order for execution. Tomlins.
Fluid extract (Med.), a concentrated liquid preparation, containing a definite proportion of the active principles of a medicinal substance. At present a fluid gram of extract should represent a gram of the crude drug.

 { Ex*tract"a*ble (?), Ex*tract"i*ble (?), } a. Capable of being extracted.

 Ex*tract"i*form (?), a. (Chem.) Having the form, appearance, or nature, of an extract.

 Ex*trac"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. extraction.] 1. The act of extracting, or drawing out; as, the extraction of a tooth, of a bone or an arrow from the body, of a stump from earth, of a passage from a book, of an essence or tincture.

2. Derivation from a stock or family; lineage; descent; birth; the stock from which one has descended. "A family of ancient extraction."
 Clarendon.
3. That which is extracted; extract; essence.

 They [books] do preserve as in a vial the purest efficacy and extraction of that living intellect that bred them.

Milton.
The extraction of roots. (Math.) (a) The operation of finding the root of a given number or quantity. (b) The method or rule by which the operation is performed; evolution.

 Ex*tract"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. extractif.] 1. Capable of being extracted. "Thirty grains of extractive matter." Kirwan.
2. Tending or serving to extract or draw out.

 Certain branches of industry are conveniently designated extractive: e.g., agriculture, pastoral and mining pursuits, cutting of lumber, etc.

Cairnes.
 Ex*tract"ive, n. 1. Anything extracted; an extract.

Extractives, of which the most constant are urea, kreatin, and grape sugar.

H. N. Martin.
2. (Chem.) (a) A chemical principle once supposed to exist in all extracts. [Obs.] (b) Any one of a large class of substances obtained by extraction, and consisting largely of nitrogenous hydrocarbons, such as xanthin, hypoxanthin, and creatin extractives from muscle tissue.

 Ex*tract"or (?), n. One who, or that which, extracts; as: (a) (Surg.) A forceps or instrument for extracting substances. (b) (Breech-loading Firearms) A device for withdrawing a cartridge or spent cartridge shell from the chamber of the barrel.

 Ex'tra*dic"tion*a*ry (?), a. [Pref. extra- + L. dictio a saying. See Diction.] Consisting not in words, but in realities. [Obs.]

 Of these extradictionary and real fallacies, Aristotle and logicians make in number six.

Sir T. Browne.
 Ex"tra*di'ta*ble (?), a. 1. Subject, or liable, to extradition, as a fugitive from justice.

2. Making liable to extradition; as, extraditable offenses.

 Ex"tra*dite (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extradited(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Extraditing(?).] To deliver up by one government to another, as a fugitive from justice. See Extradition.

 Ex'tra*di"tion (?), n. [L. ex out + traditio a delivering up: cf. F. extradition. See Tradition.] The surrender or delivery of an alleged criminal by one State or sovereignty to another having jurisdiction to try charge.

 Ex*tra"dos (?), n. [F.; pref. extraoutside + dos (L. dorsum) the back.] (Arch.) The exterior curve of an arch; esp., the upper curved face of the whole body of voussoirs. See Intrados.

 Ex'tra*do"tal (?), a. [Pref. extra- + dotal.]
 Forming no part of the dowry; as, extradotal property.

 Ex'tra*fo'li*a"ceous (?), a. [Pref. extra + foliaceous.] (Bot.)
 Away from the leaves, or inserted in a different place from them; as, extrafoliaceous prickles. Loudon.
 Ex'tra*fo*ra"ne*ous (?), a. [Pref. extra- + L. foras out of doors.] Pertaining to that which is out of doors. "Extraforaneous occupations." Cowper.
 Ex'tra*ge"ne*ous (?), a. [Pref. extra- + L. genus race.] Belonging to another race or kind.

 Ex'tra*ju*di"cial (?), a. Out of or beyond the proper authority of a court or judge; beyond jurisdiction; not legally required. "An extrajudicial opinion." Hallam. -- Ex'tra*ju*di"cial*ly, adv.
 Ex'tra*lim"it*a*ry (?), a. Being beyond the limit or bounds; as, extraliminary land. Mitford.
 Ex'tra*log"ic*al (?), a. Lying outside of the domain of logic. -- Ex'tra*log"ic*al*ly, adv.
 Ex'tra*mis"sion (?), n. A sending out; emission. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
 Ex'tra*mun"dane (?), a. [L. extramundanus; extra + mundus world.] Beyond the material world. "An extramundane being." Bp.
 Warburton.
 Ex'tra*mu"ral (?), a. Outside of the walls, as of a fortified or walled city.

 Ex'tra*ne"i*ty (?), n. State of being without or beyond a thing; foreignness. [Obs.]


ring in the preacher's ear.

Latimer.
 Huz*za" (?), interj. [Cf. G. hussa, husa, interj., hurrah, huzza. √43. Cf. Hurrah.] A word used as a shout of joy, exultation, approbation, or encouragement.

 Huz"za, n. A shout of huzza; a cheer; a hurrah.

 They made a great huzza or shout.

Evelyn.
 Huz*za", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Huzzaed (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Huzzaing.] To shout huzza; to cheer.

 Huz*za", v. t. To receive or attend with huzzas.

 He was huzzaed into the court.

Addison.
 Hy (?), a. High. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Hy"a*cine (?), n. A hyacinth. [Obs.] Spenser.
 Hy"a*cinth (?), n. [L. hyacinthus a kind of flower, prob.
 the iris, gladiolus, or larkspur, also a kind of gem, perh. the sapphire; as, a proper name, Hyacinthus, a beautiful Laconian youth, beloved by Apollo, fr. Gr. &?;, &?;: cf. F. hyacinthe. Cf. Jacinth.
 The hyacinth was fabled to have sprung from the blood of Hyacinthus, who was accidentally slain by Apollo.] 1. (Bot.) (a) A bulbous plant of the genus Hyacinthus, bearing beautiful spikes of fragrant flowers. H. orientalis is a common variety. (b) A plant of the genus Camassia (C. Farseri), called also Eastern camass; wild hyacinth. (c) The name also given to Scilla Peruviana, a Mediterranean plant, one variety of which produces white, and another blue, flowers; -- called also, from a mistake as to its origin, Hyacinth of Peru.

2. (Min.) A red variety of zircon, sometimes used as a gem.
 See Zircon.

Hyacinth bean (Bot.), a climbing leguminous plant (Dolichos Lablab), related to the true bean. It has dark purple flowers and fruit.

 Hy'a*cin"thi*an (?), a. Hyacinthine. [R.]

 Hy'a*cin"thine (?), a. [L. hyacinthinus, Gr. &?;.]
 Belonging to the hyacinth; resembling the hyacinth; in color like the hyacinth. Milton.
 His curling locks like hyacinthine flowers.

Cowper.
 The hyacinthine boy, for whom Morn well might break and April bloom.

Emerson.
 { Hy"a*des (?), Hy"ads (?), } n. pl. [L. Hyades, Gr. &?;.]
 (Astron.) A cluster of five stars in the face of the constellation Taurus, supposed by the ancients to indicate the coming of rainy weather when they rose with the sun.

 Thro' scudding drifts the rainy Hyades Vext the dim sea.

Tennyson.
 Hy*æ"na (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Hyena.

 ||Hy*a"le*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; glassy, fr. "y'alos glass.] (Zoöl.) A pteropod of the genus Cavolina. See Pteropoda, and Illustration in Appendix.

 Hy'a*les"cence (?), n. [See Hyaline.] The process of becoming, or the state of being, transparent like glass.

 Hy"a*line (?), a. [L. hyalinus, Gr. &?;, fr. "y'alos glass: cf. F. hyalin.] Glassy; resembling glass; consisting of glass; transparent, like crystal. "Hyaline spaces." Carpenter.
 Hy"a*line, n. 1. A poetic term for the sea or the atmosphere. "The clear hyaline, the glassy sea." Milton.
 Our blood runs amazed 'neath the calm hyaline.

Mrs. Browning.
2. (Biol.) The pellucid substance, present in cells in process of development, from which, according to some embryologists, the cell nucleus originates.

3. (Physiol. Chem.) The main constituent of the walls of hydatid cysts; a nitrogenous body, which, by decomposition, yields a dextrogyrate sugar, susceptible of alcoholic fermentation. Gamgee.
 Hy"a*lite (?), n. [Gr. "y'alos glass: cf. F. hyalite.] (Min.)
 A pellucid variety of opal in globules looking like colorless gum or resin; -- called also Müller's glass.

 Hy*al"o*graph (?), n. [Gr. "y'alos glass + graph.] An instrument for tracing designs on glass.

 Hy'a*log"ra*phy (?), n. Art of writing or engraving on glass.

 Hy"a*loid (?), a. [Gr. &?; glassy, transparent; "y'alos glass + &?; appearance: cf. F. hyaloïde.] (Anat.)
 Resembling glass; vitriform; transparent; hyaline; as, the hyaloid membrane, a very delicate membrane inclosing the vitreous humor of the eye.

 ||Hy'a*lo*ne"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "y'alos glass + &?; a thread.] (Zoöl.) A genus of hexactinelline sponges, having a long stem composed of very long, slender, transparent, siliceous fibres twisted together like the strands of a color. The stem of the Japanese species (H. Sieboldii), called glass-rope, has long been in use as an ornament. See Glass-rope.

 Hy*al"o*phane (?), n. [Gr. "y'alos glass + &?; to appear.] (Min.)
 A species of the feldspar group containing barium. See Feldspar.

 ||Hy'a*lo*spon"gi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "y'alos glass + &?; a sponge.] (Zoöl.) An order of vitreous sponges, having glassy six-rayed, siliceous spicules; -- called also Hexactinellinæ.

 Hy*al"o*type (?), n. [Gr. "y'alos glass + -type.] A photographic picture copied from the negative on glass; a photographic transparency. R. Hunt.
 { Hy*ber"na*cle (?), Hy"ber*nate (?), Hy'ber*na"tion (?). } See Hibernacle, Hibernate, Hibernation.

 Hy*blæ"an (?), a. [L. Hyblaeus.] Pertaining to Hybla, an ancient town of Sicily, famous for its bees.

 Hyb"o*dont (?), a. [Gr. &?; hump + &?;, &?;, a tooth.]
 (Paleon.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, an extinct genus of sharks (Hybodus), especially in the form of the teeth, which consist of a principal median cone with smaller lateral ones.

 ||Hyb"o*dus (?), n. [NL. See Hybodont.] (Paleon.) An extinct genus of sharks having conical, compressed teeth.

 Hy"brid (?), n. [L. hybrida, hibrida, prob. allied to Gr. &?; wantonness (as if unbridled, lawless, unnatural), perh. akin to Gr. "ype'r over, E. over: cf. F. hybride.] (Biol.)
 The offspring of the union of two distinct species; an


ornamental structure at one of the angles of a larger structure.

2. (Anc. Mil.) A movable building, of a square form, consisting of ten or even twenty stories and sometimes one hundred and twenty cubits high, usually moved on wheels, and employed in approaching a fortified place, for carrying soldiers, engines, ladders, casting bridges, and other necessaries.

3. (Mil.) A revolving tower constructed of thick iron plates, within which cannon are mounted. Turrets are used on vessels of war and on land.

4. (Railroads) The elevated central portion of the roof of a passenger car. Its sides are pierced for light and ventilation.

Turret clock, a large clock adapted for an elevated position, as in the tower of a church. — Turret head (Mach.), a vertical cylindrical revolving tool holder for bringing different tools into action successively in a machine, as in a lathe. — Turret lathe, a turning lathe having a turret head. — Turret ship, an ironclad war vessel, with low sides, on which heavy guns are mounted within one or more iron turrets, which may be rotated, so that the guns may be made to bear in any required direction.

 Tur"ret*ed, a. 1. Furnished with a turret or turrets; specifically (Zoöl.), having the whorls somewhat flattened on the upper side and often ornamented by spines or tubercles; — said of certain spiral shells.

2. Formed like a tower; as, a turreted lamp. Bacon.
 Tur"ri*bant (?), n. [See Turban.] A turban. [Obs.]

 With hundred turrets like a turribant.

Spenser.
 Tur"ric*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a turret, or tower; resembling a tower.

 { Tur*ric"u*late (?), Tur*ric"u*la'ted (?), } a. [L. turricula small tower, turret.] Furnished with, or formed like, a small turret or turrets; somewhat turreted.

 Tur"ri*lite (?), n. [L. turris tower + Gr. &?; stone: cf. F. turrilite.] (Paleon.) Any fossil ammonite of the genus Turrilites. The shell forms an open spiral with the later whorls separate.

 Tur'ri*tel"la (?), n. [NL., dim fr. L. turris tower.] (Zoöl.)
 Any spiral marine gastropod belonging to Turritella and allied genera. These mollusks have an elongated, turreted shell, composed of many whorls. They have a rounded aperture, and a horny multispiral operculum.

 Tur'ri*tel"loid (?), a. [Turritella + -oid.] (Zoöl.)
 Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the turritellas.

 Tur"tle (?), n. [AS. turtle, L. turtur; probably of imitative origin. Cf. Turtle the sea tortoise.] (Zoöl.) The turtledove.

 Tur"tle, n. [Probably the same word as the word preceding, and substituted (probably by sailors) for the Spanish or Portuguese name; cf.
 Sp. tortuga tortoise, turtle, Pg. tartaruga, also F. tortue, and E. tortoise.]

 1. (Zoöl.) Any one of the numerous species of Testudinata, especially a sea turtle, or chelonian.

 In the United States the land and fresh-water tortoises are also called turtles.

2. (Printing) The curved plate in which the form is held in a type-revolving cylinder press.

Alligator turtle, Box turtle, etc. See under Alligator, Box, etc. — green turtle (Zoöl.), a marine turtle of the genus Chelonia, having usually a smooth greenish or olive-colored shell. It is highly valued for the delicacy of its flesh, which is used especially for turtle soup. Two distinct species or varieties are known; one of which (Chelonia Midas) inhabits the warm part of the Atlantic Ocean, and sometimes weighs eight hundred pounds or more; the other (C. virgata) inhabits the Pacific Ocean. Both species are similar in habits and feed principally on seaweed and other marine plants, especially the turtle grass. — Turtle cowrie (Zoöl.), a large, handsome cowrie (Cypræa testudinaria); the turtle-shell; so called because of its fancied resemblance to a tortoise in color and form. — Turtle grass (Bot.), a marine plant (Thalassia testudinum) with grasslike leaves, common about the West Indies. — Turtle shell, tortoise shell. See under Tortoise.

 Tur"tle*dove' (?), n. [See 1ts Turtle.]

1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of pigeons belonging to Turtur and allied genera, native of various parts of the Old World; especially, the common European species (Turtur vulgaris), which is noted for its plaintive note, affectionate disposition, and devotion to its mate.

 The South African turtledove (T. albiventris), and the ashy turtledove of India (T. rubicolus), are similar to the European species in their habits.

2. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of pigeons more or less resembling the true turtledoves, as the American mourning dove (see under Dove), and the Australian turtledove (Stictopelia cuneata).

 The turtledove of the Scriptures is probably Turtur risorius, a species which is still plentiful in Egypt and other Eastern countries. It is closely allied to the European turtledove.

 Tur"tle-foot'ed (?), a. Slowfooted. [R.] "Turtle-footed Peace." Ford.
 Tur"tle*head' (?), n. (Bot.) An American perennial herb (Chelone glabra) having white flowers shaped like the head of a turtle. Called also snakehead, shell flower, and balmony.

 Tur"tler (?), n. One who catches turtles or tortoises. "The Jamaica turtlers." Dampier.
 Tur"tle-shell' (?), n. The turtle cowrie.

 Tur"tling (?), n. The act, practice, or art of catching turtles. Marryat.
 Turves (?), obs. pl. of Turf.

 Tus"can (?), a. [L. Tyscanus, Tuscus.] Of or pertaining to Tuscany in Italy; — specifically designating one of the five orders of architecture recognized and described by the Italian writers of the 16th century, or characteristic of the order. The original of this order was not used by the Greeks, but by the Romans under the Empire. See Order, and Illust. of Capital.

 Tus"can, n. A native or inhabitant of Tuscany.

 Tus'ca*ro"ras (?), n. pl.; sing. Tuscarora (&?;). (Ethnol.)
 A tribe of North American Indians formerly living on the Neuse and Tar rivers in North Carolina. They were conquered in 1713, after which the remnant of the tribe joined the Five Nations, thus forming the Six Nations. See Six Nations, under Six.

 Tus"cor (?), n. [See Tusk.] A tush of a horse.

 Tush (?), interj. An exclamation indicating check, rebuke, or contempt; as, tush, tush! do not speak of it.

Tush, say they, how should God perceive it?

Bk. of Com. Prayer (Ps. lxxiii. 11).
 Tush, n. [OE. tusch, AS. tusc; akin to OFries. t


eddy winds. Dryden.
 Ed"dy, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Eddied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Eddying.] To move as an eddy, or as in an eddy; to move in a circle.

Eddying round and round they sink.

Wordsworth.
 Ed"dy, v. t. To collect as into an eddy. [R.]

 The circling mountains eddy in From the bare wild the dissipated storm.

Thomson.
 ||E"del*weiss (?), n. [G., fr. edel noble + weiss white.] (Bot.) A little, perennial, white, woolly plant (Leontopodium alpinum), growing at high elevations in the Alps.

 E*de"ma (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) Same as œdema.

 { E*de"ma*tous (?), or E*de"ma*tose' (?) }, a. (Med.) Same as œdematous.

 E"den (?), n. [Heb. den delight, pleasure; also, a place of pleasure, Eden.] The garden where Adam and Eve first dwelt; hence, a delightful region or residence.

 E*den"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Eden; paradisaic. "Edenic joys." Mrs. Browning.
 E"den*ite (?), n. [From Edenville, N. Y.] (Min.) A variety of amphibole. See Amphibole.

 E"den*ized (?), a. Admitted to a state of paradisaic happiness.
 [R.] Davies (Wit's Pilgr. ).
 E*den"tal (?), a. See Edentate, a. -- n. (Zoöl.)
 One of the Edentata.

 E*den"tal*ous (?), a. See Edentate, a.
 ||E'den*ta"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., neut. pl. from L. edentatus, p. p. of edentare to render toothless; e out + dens, dentis, tooth.] (Zoöl.) An order of mammals including the armadillos, sloths, and anteaters; -- called also Bruta. The incisor teeth are rarely developed, and in some groups all the teeth are lacking.

 E*den"tate (?), a. 1. Destitute of teeth; as, an edentate quadruped; an edentate leaf.

2. (Zoöl.) Belonging to the Edentata.

 E*den"tate (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Edentata.

 E*den'ta*ted (?), a. Same as Edentate, a. E'den*ta"tion (?), n. A depriving of teeth. [R.] Cockeram.
 E*den"tu*lous (?; 135), a. [L. edentulus; e out + dens, dentis, tooth.] Toothless.

 Edge (j), n. [OE. eg, egge, AS. ecg; akin to OHG. ekka, G. ecke, Icel. & Sw. egg, Dan. eg, and to L. acies, Gr. 'akh' point, Skr. açri edge.
 √1. Cf. Egg, v. t., Eager, Ear spike of corn, Acute.] 1.
 The thin cutting side of the blade of an instrument; as, the edge of an ax, knife, sword, or scythe. Hence, figuratively, that which cuts as an edge does, or wounds deeply, etc.

 He which hath the sharp sword with two edges.

Rev. ii. 12.
 Slander, Whose edge is sharper than the sword.

Shak.
2. Any sharp terminating border; a margin; a brink; extreme verge; as, the edge of a table, a precipice.

 Upon the edge of yonder coppice.

Shak.
 In worst extremes, and on the perilous edge Of battle.

Milton.
 Pursue even to the very edge of destruction.

Sir W. Scott.
3. Sharpness; readiness or fitness to cut; keenness; intenseness of desire.

 The full edge of our indignation.

Sir W. Scott.
 Death and persecution lose all the ill that they can have, if we do not set an edge upon them by our fears and by our vices.

Jer. Taylor.
4. The border or part adjacent to the line of division; the beginning or early part; as, in the edge of evening. "On the edge of winter." Milton.
Edge joint (Carp.), a joint formed by two edges making a corner. -- Edge mill, a crushing or grinding mill in which stones roll around on their edges, on a level circular bed; -- used for ore, and as an oil mill. Called also Chilian mill. -- Edge molding (Arch.), a molding whose section is made up of two curves meeting in an angle. -- Edge plane. (a) (Carp.) A plane for edging boards. (b) (Shoemaking) A plane for edging soles. -- Edge play, a kind of swordplay in which backswords or cutlasses are used, and the edge, rather than the point, is employed. -- Edge rail. (Railroad) (a) A rail set on edge; -- applied to a rail of more depth than width. (b) A guard rail by the side of the main rail at a switch.
 Knight. -- Edge railway, a railway having the rails set on edge. -- Edge stone, a curbstone. -- Edge tool. (a) Any tool or instrument having a sharp edge intended for cutting. (b) A tool for forming or dressing an edge; an edging tool. -- To be on edge, to be eager, impatient, or anxious. -- To set the teeth on edge, to cause a disagreeable tingling sensation in the teeth, as by bringing acids into contact with them. Bacon.
 Edge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Edged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Edging.] 1. To furnish with an edge as a tool or weapon; to sharpen.

 To edge her champion's sword.

Dryden.
2. To shape or dress the edge of, as with a tool.

3. To furnish with a fringe or border; as, to edge a dress; to edge a garden with box.

 Hills whose tops were edged with groves.

Pope.
4. To make sharp or keen, figuratively; to incite; to exasperate; to goad; to urge or egg on. [Obs.]

 By such reasonings, the simple were blinded, and the malicious edged.

Hayward.
5. To move little by little or cautiously, as by pressing forward edgewise; as, edging their chairs forwards. Locke.
 Edge, v. i. 1. To move sideways; to move gradually; as, edge along this way.

2. To sail close to the wind.

 I must edge up on a point of wind.

Dryden.
To edge away or To edge off (Naut.), to increase the distance gradually from the shore, vessel, or other object.
 -- To edge down (Naut.), to approach by slow degrees, as when a sailing vessel approaches an object in an oblique direction from the windward. -- To edge in, to get in edgewise; to get in by degrees. -- To edge in with, as with a coast or vessel (Naut.), to advance gradually, but not directly, toward it.

 Edge"bone' (?), n. Same as Aitchbone.

 Edge"less, a. Without an edge; not sharp; blunt; obtuse; as, an edgeless sword or weapon.

 Edge"long (?; 115), adv. In the direction of the edge. [Obs.]


ichi. -- Horned snake (Zoöl.), the cerastes. -- Horned toad (Zoöl.), any lizard of the genus Phrynosoma, of which nine or ten species are known. These lizards have several hornlike spines on the head, and a broad, flat body, covered with spiny scales. They inhabit the dry, sandy plains from California to Mexico and Texas. Called also horned lizard. -- Horned viper. (Zoöl.)
 See Cerastes.

 Horn"ed*ness (?), n. The condition of being horned.

 Horn"el (?), n. (Zoöl.) The European sand eel. [Scot.]

 Horn"er (?), n. 1. One who works or deal in horn or horns.
 [R.] Grew.
2. One who winds or blows the horn. [Obs.] Sherwood.
3. One who horns or cuckolds. [Obs.] Massinger.
4. (Zoöl.) The British sand lance or sand eel (Ammodytes lanceolatus).

 Hor"net (?), n. [AS. hyrnet; akin to OHG. hornaz, hornuz, G. horniss; perh. akin to E. horn, and named from the sound it makes as if blowing the horn; but more prob. akin to D. horzel, Lith. szirszone, L. crabo.] (Zoöl.) A large, strong wasp. The European species (Vespa crabro) is of a dark brown and yellow color. It is very pugnacious, and its sting is very severe. Its nest is constructed of a paperlike material, and the layers of comb are hung together by columns. The American white-faced hornet (V. maculata) is larger and has similar habits.

Hornet fly (Zoöl.), any dipterous insect of the genus Asilus, and allied genera, of which there are numerous species.
 They are large and fierce flies which capture bees and other insects, often larger than themselves, and suck their blood. Called also hawk fly, robber fly. -- To stir up a hornet's nest, to provoke the attack of a swarm of spiteful enemies or spirited critics.
 [Colloq.]

 Horn"fish' (?), n. [AS. hornfisc.] (Zoöl.) The garfish or sea needle.

 Horn"foot' (?), a. Having hoofs; hoofed.

 Horn"i*fy (?), v. t. [Horn + -fy.] To horn; to cuckold. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
 Horn"ing, n. Appearance of the moon when increasing, or in the form of a crescent. J. Gregory.
Letters of horning (Scots Law), the process or authority by which a person, directed by the decree of a court of justice to pay or perform anything, is ordered to comply therewith. Mozley & W. Horn"ish, a. Somewhat like horn; hard.

 ||Hor*ni"to (?), n. [A dim. fr. Sp. horno oven, L. furnus.
 See Furnace.] (Geol.) A low, oven-shaped mound, common in volcanic regions, and emitting smoke and vapors from its sides and summit. Humboldt.
 Horn"less (?), a. Having no horn.

 Horn"-mad' (?), a. Quite mad; -- raving crazy.

 Did I tell you about Mr. Garrick, that the town are horn-mad after?

Gray.
 Hor"no*tine (?), n. [L. hornotinus of this year.] (Zoöl.)
 A yearling; a bird of the year.

 Horn"owl' (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Horned Owl.

 Horn"pike' (?), n. The garfish. [Prov. Eng.]

 Horn"pipe' (?), n. (Mus.) (a) An instrument of music formerly popular in Wales, consisting of a wooden pipe, with holes at intervals. It was so called because the bell at the open end was sometimes made of horn. (b) A lively tune played on a hornpipe, for dancing; a tune adapted for such playing.

 Many a hornpipe he tuned to his Phyllis.

Sir W. Raleigh.
(c) A dance performed, usually by one person, to such a tune, and popular among sailors.

 Horn"pout' (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Horned pout, under Horned.

 Horn"snake' (?), n. (Zoöl.) A harmless snake (Farancia abacura), found in the Southern United States. The color is bluish black above, red below.

 Horn"stone' (?), n. (Min.) A siliceous stone, a variety of quartz, closely resembling flint, but more brittle; -- called also chert.

 Horn"tail' (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of family (Uroceridæ) of large hymenopterous insects, allied to the sawflies. The larvæ bore in the wood of trees. So called from the long, stout ovipositors of the females.

 Horn"work' (?), n. (Fort.) An outwork composed of two demibastions joined by a curtain. It is connected with the works in rear by long wings.

 Horn"wort' (?), n. (Bot.) An aquatic plant (Ceratophyllum), with finely divided leaves.

 Horn"wrack' (?), n. (Zoöl.) A bryozoan of the genus Flustra.

 Horn"y (?), a. [Compar. Hornier (?); superl. Horniest.]
 1. Having horns or hornlike projections. Gay.
2. Composed or made of horn, or of a substance resembling horn; of the nature of horn. "The horny... coat of the eye." Ray.
3. Hard; callous. "His horny fist." Dryden.
 Horn"y-hand'ed (?), a. Having the hands horny and callous from labor.

 Horn"y*head' (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any North American river chub of the genus Hybopsis, esp. H. biguttatus.

 Ho*rog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; hour + -graphy: cf. F. horographie.]
 1. An account of the hours. Chaucer.
2. The art of constructing instruments for making the hours, as clocks, watches, and dials.

 Hor"o*loge (?), n. [OE. horologe, orloge, timepiece, OF. horloge, orloge, oriloge, F. horloge, L. horologium, fr. Gr. &?;; &?; hour + &?; to say, tell.
 See Hour, and Logic.] 1. A servant who called out the hours. [Obs.]

2. An instrument indicating the time of day; a timepiece of any kind; a watch, clock, or dial. Shak.
 Ho*rol"o*ger (?), n. A maker or vender of clocks and watches; one skilled in horology.

 Hor'o*log"ic*al (?), a. [L. horologicus, Gr. &?;.]
 Relating to a horologe, or to horology.

 Hor'o*lo'gi*og"ra*pher (?), n. [See Horologiography.] A maker of clocks, watches, or dials.

 Hor'o*lo'gi*o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to horologiography.
 Chambers.
 Hor'o*lo'gi*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; horologe + -graphy.]
 1. An account of instruments that show the hour.

2. The art of constructing clocks or dials; horography.

 Ho*rol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in horology.

 Ho*rol"o*


atus, p. p. of defatigare; de- + fatigare to weary. See Fatigue.] To weary or tire out; to fatigue. [R.] Sir T. Herbert.
 De*fat'i*ga"tion (?), n. [L. defatigatio.] Weariness; fatigue. [R.] Bacon.
 De*fault" (?), n. [OE. defaute, OF. defaute, defalte, fem., F. défaut, masc., LL. defalta, fr. a verb meaning, to be deficient, to want, fail, fr. L. de- + fallere to deceive. See Fault.] 1. A failing or failure; omission of that which ought to be done; neglect to do what duty or law requires; as, this evil has happened through the governor's default.

2. Fault; offense; ill deed; wrong act; failure in virtue or wisdom.

 And pardon craved for his so rash default.

Spenser.
 Regardless of our merit or default.

Pope.
3. (Law) A neglect of, or failure to take, some step necessary to secure the benefit of law, as a failure to appear in court at a day assigned, especially of the defendant in a suit when called to make answer; also of jurors, witnesses, etc.

In default of, in case of failure or lack of.

 Cooks could make artificial birds and fishes in default of the real ones.

Arbuthnot.
 -- To suffer a default (Law), to permit an action to be called without appearing to answer.

 De*fault", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Defaulted; p. pr.
 & vb. n. Defaulting.] 1. To fail in duty; to offend.

 That he gainst courtesy so foully did default.

Spenser.
2. To fail in fulfilling a contract, agreement, or duty.

3. To fail to appear in court; to let a case go by default.

 De*fault", v. t. 1. To fail to perform or pay; to be guilty of neglect of; to omit; as, to default a dividend.

 What they have defaulted towards him as no king.

Milton.
2. (Law) To call a defendant or other party whose duty it is to be present in court, and make entry of his default, if he fails to appear; to enter a default against.

3. To leave out of account; to omit. [Obs.]

Defaulting unnecessary and partial discourses.

Hales.
 De*fault"er (?), n. 1. One who makes default; one who fails to appear in court when court when called.

2. One who fails to perform a duty; a delinquent; particularly, one who fails to account for public money intrusted to his care; a peculator; a defalcator.

 De*fea"sance (?), n. [OF. defesance, fr. defesant, F. défaisant, p. pr. of defaire, F. défaire, to undo. See Defeat.] 1. A defeat; an overthrow. [Obs.]

 After his foes' defeasance.

Spenser.
2. A rendering null or void.

3. (Law) A condition, relating to a deed, which being performed, the deed is defeated or rendered void; or a collateral deed, made at the same time with a feoffment, or other conveyance, containing conditions, on the performance of which the estate then created may be defeated.

 Mortgages were usually made in this manner in former times, but the modern practice is to include the conveyance and the defeasance in the same deed.

 De*fea"sanced (?), a. (Law) Liable to defeasance; capable of being made void or forfeited.

 De*fea"si*ble (?), a. [See Defeasance.] Capable of being annulled or made void; as, a defeasible title. -- De*fea"si*ble*ness, n. De*feat" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Defeated; p. pr.
 & vb. n. Defeating.] [From F. défait, OF. desfait, p. p. ofe défaire, OF. desfaire, to undo; L. dis- + facere to do. See Feat, Fact, and cf. Disfashion.] 1. To undo; to disfigure; to destroy. [Obs.]

 His unkindness may defeat my life.

Shak.
2. To render null and void, as a title; to frustrate, as hope; to deprive, as of an estate.

 He finds himself naturally to dread a superior Being that can defeat all his designs, and disappoint all his hopes.

Tillotson.
 The escheators... defeated the right heir of his succession.

Hallam.
 In one instance he defeated his own purpose.

A. W. Ward.
3. To overcome or vanquish, as an army; to check, disperse, or ruin by victory; to overthrow.

4. To resist with success; as, to defeat an assault.

 Sharp reasons to defeat the law.

Shak.
Syn. -- To baffle; disappoint; frustrate.

 De*feat", n. [Cf. F. défaite, fr. défaire.
 See Defeat, v.] 1. An undoing or annulling; destruction.
 [Obs.]

 Upon whose property and most dear life A damned defeat was made.

Shak.
2. Frustration by rendering null and void, or by prevention of success; as, the defeat of a plan or design.

3. An overthrow, as of an army in battle; loss of a battle; repulse suffered; discomfiture; -- opposed to victory.

 De*fea"ture (?; 135), n. [OF. desfaiture a killing, disguising, prop., an undoing. See Defeat, and cf. Disfeature.] 1.
 Overthrow; defeat. [Obs.] "Nothing but loss in their defeature." Beau.
 & Fl.
2. Disfigurement; deformity. [Obs.] "Strange defeatures in my face." Shak.
 De*fea"tured (?; 135), p. p. Changed in features; deformed. [R.]

 Features when defeatured in the... way I have described.

De Quincey.
 Def"e*cate (?), a. [L. defaecatus, p. p. of defaecare to defecate; de- + faex, faecis, dregs, lees.] Freed from anything that can pollute, as dregs, lees, etc.; refined; purified.

 Till the soul be defecate from the dregs of sense.

Bates.
 Def"e*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Defecated; p. pr.
 & vb. n. Defecating.] 1. To clear from impurities, as lees, dregs, etc.; to clarify; to purify; to refine.

 To defecate the dark and muddy oil of amber.

Boyle.
2. To free from extraneous or polluting matter; to clear; to purify, as from that which materializes.

 We defecate the notion from materiality.

Glanvill.
Defecated from all the impurities of sense.

Bp. Warburton.
 Def"e*cate (?), v. i. 1. To become clear, pure, or free. Goldsmith.
2. To void excrement.

 Def'e*ca"tion (?), n. [L. defaecatio: cf. F. défécation.]
 1. The act of separating from impurities, as lees or dregs; purification.

2. (Physiol.) The act or process of voiding excrement.

 Def"e


down 500,000 more.]

 224 (return) [ Hooker, in Dict. of the Bible, ii. 684; and compare Tristram, Land of Israel, pp.
 16, 88.]

 225 (return) [ Robinson, Biblical Researches, iii. 383, 415.]

 226 (return) [ Ezek. xxxi. 3.]

 227 (return) [ Ibid. xxvii. 5. The Hebrew erez probably covered other trees besides the actual cedar, as the Aleppo pine, and perhaps the juniper. The pine would have been more suited for masts than the cedar.]

 228 (return) [ 1 Kings vi. 9, 10, 15, 18, &c.; vii. 1-7.]

 229 (return) [ Records of the Past, i. 104. ll. 78, 79; iii. 74, ll. 88-90; p. 90, l. 9; &c. Compare Layard, Nineveh and Babylon, pp. 356, 357.]

 230 (return) [ Joseph, Bell. Jud., v. 5, § 2.]

 231 (return) [ Plin. H. N., xiii. 5; xvi. 40.]

 232 (return) [ Compare the arguments of Canon Tristram, Land of Israel, pp. 631, 632.]

 233 (return) [ Walpole, Ansayrii, pp. 123, 227.]

 234 (return) [ Tristram, Land of Israel, p. 621.]

 235 (return) [ Ibid. pp. 13, 38, &c.]

 236 (return) [ Hooker, in Dictionary of the Bible, ii. 684.]

 237 (return) [ Tristram, Land of Israel, p. 82; compare Hooker, l.s.c.]

 238 (return) [ This is Dr. Hooker's description. Canon Tristram says of the styrax at the eastern foot of Carmel, that "of all the flowering shrubs it is the most abundant," and that it presents to the eye "one sheet of pure white blossom, rivalling the orange in its beauty and its perfume" (Land of Israel, p.
 492).]

 239 (return) [ Ibid. p. 596.]

 240 (return) [ Walpole, Ansayrii, iii. 298.]

 241 (return) [ Tristram, pp. 16, 28, &c.; Robinson, Biblical Researches, iii. 438.]

 242 (return) [ The "terraced vineyards of Esfia" on Carmel are noted by Canon Tristram (Land of Israel, p.
 492). Walpole speaks of vineyards on Bargylus (Ansaryii, iii. 165).
 The vine-clad slopes of the Lebanon attract notice from all Eastern travellers.]

 243 (return) [ Quoted by Dr. Hooker, in Smith's Dictionary of the Bible, ii. 684, 685.]

 244 (return) [ Deut. xxxiii. 24.]

 245 (return) [ Tristram, Land of Israel, pp. 7, 16, 17; Walpole, Ansayrii, iii. 147, 177.]

 246 (return) [ Tristram, p. 492; Stanley, Sinai and Palestine, p. 347.]

 247 (return) [ Hooker, in Smith's Dictionary of the Bible, ii. 685.]

 248 (return) [ Tristram, pp. 622, 633; Walpole, Ansayrii, iii. 446; Robinson, Later Researches, p.
 607.]

 249 (return) [ Tristram, pp. 17, 38; Walpole, Ansayrii, iii. 32, 294, 373.]

 250 (return) [ Robinson, Bibl.
 Researches, iii. 419, 431, 438, &c.]

 251 (return) [ Tristram, Land of Israel, p. 28.]

 252 (return) [ Hasselquist, Reise, p. 188.]

 253 (return) [ Ansayrii, i.
 66.]

 254 (return) [ Tristram, l.s.c.]

 255 (return) [ Hooker, in Dictionary of the Bible, ii. 685.]

 256 (return) [ Reise, l.s.c.]

 257 (return) [ Mémoires, i.
 332.]

 258 (return) [ Tristram, Land of Israel, p. 493.]

 259 (return) [ Tristram, Land of Israel, p. 82.]

 260 (return) [ Renan, Mission de Phénicie, p. 59; Hooker, in Dictionary of the Bible, ii. 687; Tristram, Land of Israel, p. 493.]

 261 (return) [ Tristram, Land of Israel, l.s.c.]

 262 (return) [ Ibid. p. 82.]

 263 (return) [ Ibid. p. 596. Compare Walpole's Ansayrii, iii. 443.]

 264 (return) [ Tristram, Land of Israel, p. 102.]

 265 (return) [ Tristram, Land of Israel, pp. 61, 599.]

 266 (return) [ Ibid. pp. 38, 626, &c. Dr. Robinson notices the cultivation of the potato high up in Lebanon; but he observed it only in two places (Later Researches, pp. 586, 596).]

 267 (return) [ It can scarcely be doubted that Phoenicia contained anciently two other land animals of considerable importance, viz. the lion and the deer. Lions, which were common in the hills of Palestine (1 Sam. xvii. 34; 1 Kings xiii. 24; xx.
 36; 2 Kings xvii. 25, 26) and frequented also the Philistine plain (Judg.
 xiv. 5), would certainly not have neglected the lowland of Sharon, which was in all respects suited for their habits. Deer, which still inhabit Galilee (Tristram, Land of the Israel, pp. 418, 447), are likely, before the forests of Lebanon were so greatly curtailed, to have occupied most portions of it (See Cant. ii. 9, 17; viii. 14). To these two Canon Tristram would add the crocodile (Land of Israel, p. 103), which he thinks must have been found in the Zerka for that river to have been called "the Crocodile River" by the Greeks, and which he is inclined to regard as still a denizen of the Zerka marshes. But most critics have supposed that the animal from which the Zerka got its ancient name was rather some large species of monitor.]

 268 (return) [ Kenrick, Phoenicia, p. 36.]

 269 (return) [ See his article on Lebanon in Smith's Dictionary of the Bible, ii. 87.]

 270 (return) [ Land of Israel, p. 447.]

 271 (return) [ Houghton, in Smith's Dict.
 of the Bible, ad voc. BEAR, iii. xxv.]

 272 (return) [ Dict. of the Bible, ii. 87.]


aplegia. Also used figuratively. "Utter paralysis of memory." G. Eliot.
 Mischievous practices arising out of the paralysis of the powers of ownership.

Duke of Argyll (1887).
 Par'a*lyt"ic (?), a. [L. paralyticus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. paralytique.]
 1. Of or pertaining to paralysis; resembling paralysis.

2. Affected with paralysis, or palsy.

 The cold, shaking, paralytic hand.

Prior.
3. Inclined or tending to paralysis.

Paralytic secretion (Physiol.), the fluid, generally thin and watery, secreted from a gland after section or paralysis of its nerves, as the pralytic saliva.

 Par'a*lyt"ic, n. A person affected with paralysis.

 Par'a*lyt"ic*al (?), a. See Paralytic.

 Par'a*ly*za"tion (?), n. The act or process of paralyzing, or the state of being paralyzed.

 Par"a*lyze (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paralyzed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paralyzing (?).] [F. paralyser. See Paralysis.]

1. To affect or strike with paralysis or palsy.

2. Fig.: To unnerve; to destroy or impair the energy of; to render ineffective; as, the occurrence paralyzed the community; despondency paralyzed his efforts.

 Par"am (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline nitrogenous substance (C2H4N4); -- called also dicyandiamide.

 Par'a*mag*net"ic (?), a. [Pref. para- + magnetic.]
 Magnetic, as opposed to diamagnetic. -- n. A paramagnetic substance. Faraday. -- Par'a*mag*net"ic*al*ly (#), adv.
 Par'a*mag"net*ism (?), n. Magnetism, as opposed to diamagnetism.
 Faraday.
 Par'a*ma*le"ic (?), a. [Pref. para- + maleic.] (Chem.)
 Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from malic acid, and now called fumaric acid. [Obs.]

 Par'a*ma"lic (?), a. [Pref. para- + malic.] (Chem.)
 Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid metameric with malic acid.

 Par'a*mas"toid (?), a. [Pref. para- + mastoid.] (Anat.)
 Situated beside, or near, the mastoid portion of the temporal bone; paroccipital; -- applied especially to a process of the skull in some animals.

 Par'a*mat"ta (?), n. [So named from Paramatta, in Australia.] A light fabric of cotton and worsted, resembling bombazine or merino. Beck (Draper's Dict.)
 Par"a*ment (?), n. [Sp. paramento, from parar to prepare, L. parare.] Ornamental hangings, furniture, etc., as of a state apartment; rich and elegant robes worn by men of rank; -- chiefly in the plural. [Obs.]

 Lords in paraments on their coursers.

Chaucer.
Chamber of paraments, presence chamber of a monarch.

 ||Pa'ra*men"to (?), n. [Sp.] Ornament; decoration. Beau. & Fl.
 Par"a*mere (?), n. [Pref. para- + -mere.] (Zoöl.)
 One of the symmetrical halves of any one of the radii, or spheromeres, of a radiate animal, as a starfish.

 Pa*ram"e*ter (?), n. [Pref. para- + -meter: cf. F. paramètre.]
 1. (a) (Math.) A term applied to some characteristic magnitude whose value, invariable as long as one and the same function, curve, surface, etc., is considered, serves to distinguish that function, curve, surface, etc., from others of the same kind or family. Brande & C. (b) Specifically (Conic Sections), in the ellipse and hyperbola, a third proportional to any diameter and its conjugate, or in the parabola, to any abscissa and the corresponding ordinate.

 The parameter of the principal axis of a conic section is called the latus rectum.

2. (Crystallog.) The ratio of the three crystallographic axes which determines the position of any plane; also, the fundamental axial ratio for a given species.

 ||Par'a*me*tri"tis (?), n. [NL. See Para-, and Metritis.] (Med.)
 Inflammation of the cellular tissue in the vicinity of the uterus.

 Par'a*mi*og"ra*pher (?), n. [Gr. &?; proverb + -graph + -er.]
 A collector or writer of proverbs. [R.]

 Par'a*mi"tome (?), n. [Pref. para- + mitome.] (Biol.)
 The fluid portion of the protoplasm of a cell.

 ||Pa"ra*mo (?), n.; pl. Paramos (#). [Sp. pæramo.]
 A high, bleak plateau or district, with stunted trees, and cold, damp atmosphere, as in the Andes, in South America.

 Par"a*morph (?), n. [Pref. para- + Gr. &?; form.] (Min.)
 A kind of pseudomorph, in which there has been a change of physical characters without alteration of chemical composition, as the change of aragonite to calcite.

 Par'a*mor"phism (?), n. (Min.) The change of one mineral species to another, so as to involve a change in physical characters without alteration of chemical composition.

 Par'a*mor"phous (?), a. (Min.) Relating to paramorphism; exhibiting paramorphism.

 Par"a*mount (?), a. [OF. par amont above; par through, by (L. per) + amont above. See Amount.] Having the highest rank or jurisdiction; superior to all others; chief; supreme; preëminent; as, a paramount duty. "A traitor paramount." Bacon.
Lady paramount (Archery), the lady making the best score. -- Lord paramount, the king.

Syn. Superior; principal; preëminent; chief.

 Par"a*mount, n. The highest or chief. Milton.
 Par"a*mount'ly, adv. In a paramount manner.

 Par"a*mour (?), n. [F. par amour, lit., by or with love. See 2d Par, and Amour.] 1. A lover, of either sex; a wooer or a mistress (formerly in a good sense, now only in a bad one); one who takes the place, without possessing the rights, of a husband or wife; -- used of a man or a woman.

 The seducer appeared with dauntless front, accompanied by his paramour Macaulay.
2. Love; gallantry. [Obs.] "For paramour and jollity." Chaucer.
 { Par"a*mour', Par"a*mours' (?) }, adv. By or with love, esp. the love of the sexes; -- sometimes written as two words. [Obs.]

 For par amour, I loved her first ere thou.

Chaucer.
 Par*am"y*lum (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. para' beside + &?; starch.]
 (Chem.) A substance resembling starch, found in the green frothy scum formed on the surface of stagnant water.

 Par'a*naph"tha*lene (?), n. [Pref. para- + naphthalene.]
 (Chem.) Anthracene; -- called also paranaphthaline. [Obs.]

 ||Par'a*noi"a (pr'*no


ervantes, "Don Quixote," chap. 16; and cf.G. bankert, fr. bank bench.] 1. A "natural" child; a child begotten and born out of wedlock; an illegitimate child; one born of an illicit union.

 By the civil and canon laws, and by the laws of many of the United States, a bastard becomes a legitimate child by the intermarriage of the parents at any subsequent time. But by those of England, and of some states of the United States, a child, to be legitimate, must at least be born after the lawful marriage. Kent. Blackstone.
2. (Sugar Refining) (a) An inferior quality of soft brown sugar, obtained from the sirups that have already had several boilings. (b) A large size of mold, in which sugar is drained.

3. A sweet Spanish wine like muscadel in flavor.

 Brown bastard is your only drink. Shak.
4. A writing paper of a particular size. See Paper.

 Bas"tard (&?;), a. 1. Begotten and born out of lawful matrimony; illegitimate. See Bastard, n., note.

2. Lacking in genuineness; spurious; false; adulterate; -- applied to things which resemble those which are genuine, but are really not so.

 That bastard self-love which is so vicious in itself, and productive of so many vices. Barrow.
3. Of an unusual make or proportion; as, a bastard musket; a bastard culverin. [Obs.]

4. (Print.) Abbreviated, as the half title in a page preceding the full title page of a book.

Bastard ashlar (Arch.), stones for ashlar work, roughly squared at the quarry. -- Bastard file, a file intermediate between the coarsest and the second cut. -- Bastard type (Print.), type having the face of a larger or a smaller size than the body; e. g., a nonpareil face on a brevier body. -- Bastard wing (Zoöl.), three to five quill feathers on a small joint corresponding to the thumb in some mammalia; the alula.

 Bas"tard, v. t. To bastardize. [Obs.] Bacon.
 Bas"tard*ism (&?;), n. The state of being a bastard; bastardy.

 Bas"tard*ize (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bastardized (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Bastardizing.] 1. To make or prove to be a bastard; to stigmatize as a bastard; to declare or decide legally to be illegitimate.

 The law is so indulgent as not to bastardize the child, if born, though not begotten, in lawful wedlock. Blackstone.
2. To beget out of wedlock. [R.] Shak.
 Bas"tard*ly, a. Bastardlike; baseborn; spurious; corrupt. [Obs.] -- adv. In the manner of a bastard; spuriously. [Obs.] Shak. Donne.
 Bas"tar*dy (&?;), n. 1. The state of being a bastard; illegitimacy.

2. The procreation of a bastard child. Wharton.
 Baste (bst), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Basted; p. pr. & vb. n. Basting.] [Cf. Icel. beysta to strike, powder; Sw. basa to beat with a rod: perh. akin to E. beat.] 1. To beat with a stick; to cudgel.

 One man was basted by the keeper for carrying some people over on his back through the waters. Pepys.
2. (Cookery) To sprinkle flour and salt and drip butter or fat on, as on meat in roasting.

3. To mark with tar, as sheep. [Prov. Eng.]

 Baste, v. t. [OE. basten, OF. bastir, F. b&?;tir, prob. fr. OHG. bestan to sew, MHG. besten to bind, fr. OHG.
 bast bast. See Bast.] To sew loosely, or with long stitches; -- usually, that the work may be held in position until sewed more firmly. Shak.
 { Bas*tile" Bas*tille" } (bs*tl" or bs"tl; 277), n. [F. bastille fortress, OF. bastir to build, F. bâtir.]

1. (Feud. Fort.) A tower or an elevated work, used for the defense, or in the siege, of a fortified place.

 The high bastiles... which overtopped the walls. Holland.
2. "The Bastille", formerly a castle or fortress in Paris, used as a prison, especially for political offenders; hence, a rhetorical name for a prison.

 Bas'ti*nade" (&?;), n. See Bastinado, n. Bas'ti*nade", v. t. To bastinado. [Archaic] Bas'ti*na"do (&?;), n.; pl. Bastinadoes (&?;).
 [Sp. bastonada (cf. F. bastonnade), fr. baston (cf.
 F. bâton) a stick or staff. See Baston.]

1. A blow with a stick or cudgel.

2. A sound beating with a stick or cudgel. Specifically: A form of punishment among the Turks, Chinese, and others, consisting in beating an offender on the soles of his feet.

 Bas'ti*na"do, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bastinadoed (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Bastinadoing.] To beat with a stick or cudgel, especially on the soles of the feet.

 Bas"tion (bs"chn; 106), n. [F. bastion (cf. It. bastione), fr. LL. bastire to build (cf. F. bâtir, It. bastire), perh. from the idea of support for a weight, and akin to Gr. basta'zein to lift, carry, and to E. baston, baton.] (Fort.) A work projecting outward from the main inclosure of a fortification, consisting of two faces and two flanks, and so constructed that it is able to defend by a flanking fire the adjacent curtain, or wall which extends from one bastion to another. Two adjacent bastions are connected by the curtain, which joins the flank of one with the adjacent flank of the other. The distance between the flanks of a bastion is called the gorge. A lunette is a detached bastion. See Ravelin.

 Bas"tioned (&?;), a. Furnished with a bastion; having bastions.

 Bas"to (bs"t), n. [Sp.] The ace of clubs in quadrille and omber. Pope.
 Bas"ton (bs"tn), n. [OF. baston, F. bâton, LL.
 basto. See Bastion, and cf. Baton, and 3d Batten.]

1. A staff or cudgel. [Obs.] "To fight with blunt bastons."
 Holland.
2. (Her.) See Baton.

3. An officer bearing a painted staff, who formerly was in attendance upon the king's court to take into custody persons committed by the court. Mozley & W. Bas"yle (bs"l or bs"l), n. [Gr. ba'sis base + "y'lh wood.
 See -yl.] (Chem.) A positive or nonacid constituent of a compound, either elementary, or, if compound, performing the functions of an element.

 Bas"y*lous (&?;), a. Pertaining to, or having the nature of, a basyle; electro-positive; basic; -- opposed to chlorous. Graham.


of pleasing or insinuating address.

6. Attention in the way one's addresses to a lady. Addison.
7. Skill; skillful management; dexterity; adroitness.

Syn. -- Speech; discourse; harangue; oration; petition; lecture; readiness; ingenuity; tact; adroitness.

 Ad'dress*ee" (&?;), n. One to whom anything is addressed.

 Ad*dres"sion (&?;), n. The act of addressing or directing one's course. [Rare & Obs.] Chapman.
 Ad*duce" (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adduced (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Adducing (&?;).] [L. adducere, adductum, to lead or bring to; ad + ducere to lead. See Duke, and cf.
 Adduct.] To bring forward or offer, as an argument, passage, or consideration which bears on a statement or case; to cite; to allege.

 Reasons... were adduced on both sides. Macaulay.
 Enough could not be adduced to satisfy the purpose of illustration. De Quincey.
Syn. -- To present; allege; advance; cite; quote; assign; urge; name; mention.

 Ad*du"cent (&?;), a. [L. addunces, p. pr. of adducere.]
 (Physiol.) Bringing together or towards a given point; -- a word applied to those muscles of the body which pull one part towards another.
 Opposed to abducent.

 Ad*du"cer (&?;), n. One who adduces.

 Ad*du"ci*ble (&?;), a. Capable of being adduced.

 Proofs innumerable, and in every imaginable manner diversified, are adducible.
I. Taylor.
 Ad*duct" (&?;), v. t. [L. adductus, p. p. of adducere.
 See Adduce.] (Physiol.) To draw towards a common center or a middle line. Huxley.
 Ad*duc"tion (&?;), n. [Cf. F. adduction. See Adduce.] 1.
 The act of adducing or bringing forward.

 An adduction of facts gathered from various quarters. I. Taylor.
2. (Physiol.) The action by which the parts of the body are drawn towards its axis]; -- opposed to abduction. Dunglison.
 Ad*duc"tive (&?;), a. Adducing, or bringing towards or to something.

 Ad*duc"tor (&?;), n. [L., fr. adducere.] (Anat.)
 A muscle which draws a limb or part of the body toward the middle line of the body, or closes extended parts of the body; -- opposed to abductor; as, the adductor of the eye, which turns the eye toward the nose.

 In the bivalve shells, the muscles which close the values of the shell are called adductor muscles. Verrill.
 Ad*dulce" (&?;), v. t. [Like F. adoucir; fr. L. ad.
 + dulcis sweet.] To sweeten; to soothe. [Obs.] Bacon.
 A*deem" (&?;), v. t. [L. adimere. See Ademption.] (Law) To revoke, as a legacy, grant, etc., or to satisfy it by some other gift.

 ||A'de*lan'ta*dil"lo (&?;), n. [Sp.] A Spanish red wine made of the first ripe grapes.

 ||A'de*lan*ta"do (&?;), n. [Sp., prop. p. of adelantar to advance, to promote.] A governor of a province; a commander. Prescott.
 ||Ad*e*las"ter (&?;), n. [Gr. &?; not manifest + &?; a star.] (Bot.) A provisional name for a plant which has not had its flowers botanically examined, and therefore has not been referred to its proper genus.

 Ad"el*ing (&?;), n. Same as Atheling.

 A*del'o*co*don"ic (&?;), a. [Gr. &?; invisible + &?; a bell.] (Zoöl.) Applied to sexual zooids of hydroids, that have a saclike form and do not become free; -- opposed to phanerocodonic.

 A*del"o*pod (&?;), n. [Gr. &?; invisible + &?;, &?;, foot.] (Zoöl.) An animal having feet that are not apparent.

 ||A*del"phi*a (&?;), n. [Gr. 'adelfo's brother.] (Bot.)
 A "brotherhood," or collection of stamens in a bundle; -- used in composition, as in the class names, Monadelphia, Diadelphia, etc.

 A*del"phous (&?;), a. [Gr. 'adelfo's brother.] (Bot.)
 Having coalescent or clustered filaments; -- said of stamens; as, adelphous stamens. Usually in composition; as, monadelphous. Gray.
 A*dempt" (*dmt"; 215), p. p. [L. ademptus, p. p. of adimere to take away.] Takes away. [Obs.]

 Without any sinister suspicion of anything being added or adempt.
Latimer.
 A*demp"tion (*dmp"shn), n. [L. ademptio, fr. adimere, ademptum, to take away; ad + emere to buy, orig. to take.] (Law) The revocation or taking away of a grant donation, legacy, or the like. Bouvier.
 Adenor Adeno-. [Gr. &?;, &?;, gland.] Combining forms of the Greek word for gland; -- used in words relating to the structure, diseases, etc., of the glands.

 { ||Ad'e*nal"gi*a (&?;), Ad"e*nal'gy (&?;), } n. [Gr. &?; + &?; pain.] (Med.) Pain in a gland.

 A*den"i*form (&?;), a. [Aden- + - form.] Shaped like a gland; adenoid. Dunglison.
 ||Ad'e*ni"tis (&?;), n. [Aden- + - itis.] (Med.)
 Glandular inflammation. Dunglison.
 Ad'e*no*graph"ic (&?;), a. Pertaining to adenography.

 Ad'e*nog"ra*phy (&?;), n. [Adeno- + -graphy.]
 That part of anatomy which describes the glands.

 { Ad"e*noid (&?;), Ad'e*noid"al (&?;) } a. Glandlike; glandular.

 Ad'e*no*log"ic*al (&?;), a. Pertaining to adenology.

 Ad'e*nol"o*gy (&?;), n. [Adeno- + - logy.] The part of physiology that treats of the glands.

 Ad'e*noph"o*rous (&?;), a. [Adeno- + Gr. &?; bearing.] (Bot.) Producing glands.

 Ad'e*noph"yl*lous (&?;), a. [Adeno- + Gr. &?; leaf.]
 (Bot.) Having glands on the leaves.

 Ad"e*nose' (?; 277), a. Like a gland; full of glands; glandulous; adenous.

 Ad'e*no*tom"ic (&?;), a. Pertaining to adenotomy.

 Ad'e*not"o*my (&?;), n. [Adeno- + Gr. &?; a cutting, &?; to cut.] (Anat.) Dissection of, or incision into, a gland


3. (Spinning) The fly of a spindle.

 Whorled (?), a. Furnished with whorls; arranged in the form of a whorl or whorls; verticillate; as, whorled leaves.

 Whorl"er (?), n. A potter's wheel.

 Whort (?), n. [See Whortleberry.] (Bot.) The whortleberry, or bilberry. See Whortleberry (a).

 Whor"tle (?), n. (Bot.) The whortleberry, or bilberry.

 [He] looked ahead of him from behind a tump of whortles.

R. D. Blackmore.
 Whor"tle*ber'ry (?), n. [AS. wyrtil a small shrub (dim. of wyrt wort) + E. berry. See Wort, and cf. Huckleberry, Hurtleberry.] (Bot.) (a) In England, the fruit of Vaccinium Myrtillus; also, the plant itself. See Bilberry, 1. (b) The fruit of several shrubby plants of the genus Gaylussacia; also, any one of these plants. See Huckleberry.

 Whose (hz), pron. [OE. whos, whas, AS. hwæs, gen. of hw. See Who.] The possessive case of who or which.
 See Who, and Which.

Whose daughter art thou? tell me, I pray thee.

Gen. xxiv. 23.
 The question whose solution I require.

Dryden.
 Whose'so*ev"er (-s*v"r), pron. The possessive of whosoever.
 See Whosoever.

 Who"so (?), pron. Whosoever. Piers Plowman.
Whoso shrinks or falters now,... Brand the craven on his brow!

Whittier.
 Who'so*ev"er (h's*v"r), pron. Whatsoever person; any person whatever that; whoever.

Whosoever will, let him take... freely.

Rev. xxii. 17.
 Whot (?), a. Hot. [Obs.] Spenser.
 Whur (?), v. i. [Probably of imitative origin. Cf. Hurr, Hurry, Whir.]

1. To make a rough, humming sound, like one who pronounces the letter r with too much force; to whir; to birr.

2. To snarl or growl, as a dog. Halliwell.
 Whur (?), n. A humming or whirring sound, like that of a body moving through the air with velocity; a whir.

 Whur"ry (?), v. t. [See Hurry.] To whisk along quickly; to hurry.
 [R.]

Whurrying the chariot with them to the shore.

Vicars.
 Whurt (?), n. (Bot.) See Whort.

 Why (?), adv. [OE. whi, why, AS. hw, hw&?;, instrumental case of hw, hwæt; akin to Icel. hv why, Dan. & Sw. hvi; cf. Goth. hw&?;. &?;. See Who.]

1. For what cause, reason, or purpose; on what account; wherefore; — used interrogatively. See the Note under What, pron., 1.

 Turn ye, turn ye from your evil ways; for why will ye die, O house of Israel?

Ezek. xxxiii. 11.
2. For which; on account of which; — used relatively.

 No ground of enmity between us known Why he should mean me ill or seek to harm.

Milton.
 Turn the discourse; I have a reason why I would not have you speak so tenderly.

Dryden.
3. The reason or cause for which; that on account of which; on what account; as, I know not why he left town so suddenly; — used as a compound relative.

Why is sometimes used as an interjection or an expletive in expression of surprise or content at a turn of affairs; used also in calling. "Why, Jessica!" Shak.
 If her chill heart I can not move, Why, I'll enjoy the very love.

Cowley.
 Sometimes, also, it is used as a noun.

 The how and the why and the where.

Goldsmith.
For why, because; why. See Forwhy. [Obs. or Colloq.]

 Why, n. A young heifer. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.
 { Whyd"ah bird' (?), or Whyd"ah finch' (?) }. (Zoöl.) The whidah bird.

 Why"-not' (?), n. A violent and peremptory procedure without any assigned reason; a sudden conclusive happening. [Obs.]

 When the church Was taken with a why-not in the lurch.

Hudibras.
 This game... was like to have been lost with a whynot.

Nugæ Antiq.
 Wich (?), n. A variant of 1st Wick.

 Wich"i*tas (?), n. pl.; sing. Wichita (&?;). (Ethnol.)
 A tribe of Indians native of the region between the Arkansas and Red rivers. They are related to the Pawnees. See Pawnees.

 {Wick (?), or Wich (?) }, n. [AS. wc village, fr. L. vicus.
 In some names of places, perhaps fr. Icel. vk an inlet, creek, bay.
 See Vicinity, and cf. Villa.]

1. A street; a village; a castle; a dwelling; a place of work, or exercise of authority; — now obsolete except in composition; as, bailiwick, Warwick, Greenwick. Stow.
2. (Curling) A narrow port or passage in the rink or course, flanked by the stones of previous players.

 Wick (?), n. [OE. wicke, weyke, weke, AS. weoca or wecca; cf. D. wiek a roll of lint, Prov. G. wicke, and wieche, OHG. wiohha, Sw. veke, Dan. væge; of uncertain origin.] A bundle of fibers, or a loosely twisted or braided cord, tape, or tube, usually made of soft spun cotton threads, which by capillary attraction draws up a steady supply of the oil in lamps, the melted tallow or wax in candles, or other material used for illumination, in small successive portions, to be burned.

 But true it is, that when the oil is spent The light goes out, and wick is thrown away.

Spenser.
 Wick, v. i. (Curling) To strike a stone in an oblique direction. Jamieson.
 Wick"e (?), a. Wicked. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. "With full wikke intent." Chaucer.
 Wicked (?), a. Having a wick; — used chiefly in composition; as, a two-wicked lamp.

 Wick"ed (?), a. [OE. wicked, fr. wicke wicked; probably originally the same word as wicche wizard, witch. See Witch.]

1. Evil in principle or practice; deviating from morality; contrary to the moral or divine law; addicted to vice or sin; sinful; immoral; profligate; — said of persons and things; as, a wicked king; a wicked woman; a wicked deed; wicked designs.

 Hence, then, and evil go with thee along, Thy offspring, to the place of evil, hell, Thou and thy wicked crew!

Milton.
 Never, never, wicked man was wise.

Pope.
2. Cursed; baneful; hurtful; bad; pernicious; dangerous. [Obs.] "Wicked dew." Shak.
 This were a wicked way, but whoso had a guide.

P.


(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Dichotomizing (?).] [See Dichotomous.] 1.
 To cut into two parts; to part into two divisions; to divide into pairs; to bisect. [R.]

 The apostolical benediction dichotomizes all good things into grace and peace.

Bp. Hall.
2. (Astron.) To exhibit as a half disk. See Dichotomy, 3.
 "[The moon] was dichotomized." Whewell.
 Di*chot"o*mize, v. i. To separate into two parts; to branch dichotomously; to become dichotomous.

 Di*chot"o*mous (?), a. [L. dichotomos, Gr. &?;; &?; in two, asunder + diate'mnein to cut.] Regularly dividing by pairs from bottom to top; as, a dichotomous stem. -- Di*chot"o*mous*ly, adv.
 Di*chot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?;: cf. F. dichotomie.
 See Dichotomous.] 1. A cutting in two; a division.

 A general breach or dichotomy with their church.

Sir T. Browne.
2. Division or distribution of genera into two species; division into two subordinate parts.

3. (Astron.) That phase of the moon in which it appears bisected, or shows only half its disk, as at the quadratures.

4. (Biol.) Successive division and subdivision, as of a stem of a plant or a vein of the body, into two parts as it proceeds from its origin; successive bifurcation.

5. The place where a stem or vein is forked.

6. (Logic) Division into two; especially, the division of a class into two subclasses opposed to each other by contradiction, as the division of the term man into white and not white.

 Di*chro"ic (?), a. [See Dichroism.] Having the property of dichroism; as, a dichroic crystal.

 Di*chro"i*scope (?), n. Same as Dichroscope.

 Di"chro*ism (?), n. [Gr. &?; twocolored; di- = di's- twice + &?; color.] (Opt.) The property of presenting different colors by transmitted light, when viewed in two different directions, the colors being unlike in the direction of unlike or unequal axes.

 Di"chro*ite (?), n. [See Dichroism.] (Min.) Iolite; -- so called from its presenting two different colors when viewed in two different directions. See Iolite.

 Di'chro*it"ic (?), a. Dichroic.

 Di*chro"mate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of chromic acid containing two equivalents of the acid radical to one of the base; -- called also bichromate.

 Di'chro*mat"ic (?), a. [Pref. di- + chromatic: cf.
 Gr. &?;.] 1. Having or exhibiting two colors.

2. (Zoöl.) Having two color varieties, or two phases differing in color, independently of age or sex, as in certain birds and insects.

 Di*chro"ma*tism (?), n. The state of being dichromatic.

 Di*chro"mic (?), a. [Gr. &?; twocolored; di- = di's- twice + &?; color.] Furnishing or giving two colors; -- said of defective vision, in which all the compound colors are resolvable into two elements instead of three. Sir J. Herschel.
 Di"chro*ous (?), a. Dichroic.

 Di"chro*scope (?), n. [Gr. di- = di's- twice + &?; color + &?; to view.] An instrument for examining the dichroism of crystals.

 Di'chro*scop"ic (?), a. Pertaining to the dichroscope, or to observations with it.

 Di"cing (?), n. 1. An ornamenting in squares or cubes.

2. Gambling with dice. J. R. Green.
 Dick*cis"sel (?), n. (Zoöl.) The American black-throated bunting (Spiza Americana).

 Dick"ens (?), n. or interj. [Perh. a contr. of the dim. devilkins.]
 The devil. [A vulgar euphemism.]

 I can not tell what the dickens his name is.

Shak.
 Dick"er (?), n. [Also daker, dakir; akin to Icel. dekr, Dan. deger, G. decher; all prob. from LL. dacra, dacrum, the number ten, akin to L. decuria a division consisting of ten, fr. decem ten. See Ten.] 1. The number or quantity of ten, particularly ten hides or skins; a dakir; as, a dicker of gloves.
 [Obs.]

 A dicker of cowhides.

Heywood.
2. A chaffering, barter, or exchange, of small wares; as, to make a dicker. [U.S.]

 For peddling dicker, not for honest sales.

Whittier.
 Dick"er, v. i. & t. To negotiate a dicker; to barter. [U.S.]
 "Ready to dicker. and to swap." Cooper.
 { Dick"ey, Dick"y } (?), n. 1. A seat behind a carriage, for a servant.

2. A false shirt front or bosom.

3. A gentleman's shirt collar. [Local, U. S.]

 Di*clin"ic (?), a. [Gr. di- = di's- twice + &?; to incline.] (Crystallog.)
 Having two of the intersections between the three axes oblique. See Crystallization.

 Dic"li*nous (?), a. [Gr. &?; = &?; bed.] Having the stamens and pistils in separate flowers. Gray.
 Di*coc"cous (?), a. [Gr. di- = di's- twice + &?; grain, seed.]
 (Bot.) Composed of two coherent, one-seeded carpels; as, a dicoccous capsule.

 Di*cot'y*le"don (d*kt'*l"dn), n. [Pref. di- + cotyledon.]
 (Bot.) A plant whose seeds divide into two seed lobes, or cotyledons, in germinating.

 Di*cot'y*le"don*ous (-ld"n*s), a. (Bot.) Having two cotyledons or seed lobes; as, a dicotyledonous plant.

 { Di"cro*tal (?), Di"cro*tous (?), } a. [Gr. &?; a double beating.] Dicrotic.

 Di*crot"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; = &?; to knock, beat.] (Physiol.)
(a) Of or pertaining to dicrotism; as, a dicrotic pulse. (b) Of or pertaining to the second expansion of the artery in the dicrotic pulse; as, the dicrotic wave.

 Di"cro*tism (?), n. (Physiol.) A condition in which there are two beats or waves of the arterial pulse to each beat of the heart.

 ||Dic"ta (?), n. pl. [L.] See Dictum.

 ||Dic*ta"men (?), n. [LL., fr. dictare to dictate.] A dictation or dictate. [R.] Falkland.
 ||Dic*tam"nus (?), n. [L. See Dittany.] (Bot.) A suffrutescent, D. Fraxinella (the only species), with strong perfume and showy flowers. The volatile oil of the leaves is highly inflamm