irect evidence, evidence or testimony which is circumstantial or inferential, but without witness; -- opposed to direct evidence.
 -- Indirect tax, a tax, such as customs, excises, etc., exacted directly from the merchant, but paid indirectly by the consumer in the higher price demanded for the articles of merchandise.

 In'di*rect"ed, a. Not directed; aimless. [Obs.]

 In'di*rec"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. indirection.] Oblique course or means; dishonest practices; indirectness. "By indirections find directions out." Shak.
 In'di*rect"ly (?), adv. In an direct manner; not in a straight line or course; not in express terms; obliquely; not by direct means; hence, unfairly; wrongly.

 To tax it indirectly by taxing their expense.

A. Smith.
 Your crown and kingdom indirectly held.

Shak.
 In'di*rect"ness, n. 1. The quality or state of being indirect; obliquity; deviousness; crookedness.

2. Deviation from an upright or straightforward course; unfairness; dishonesty. W. Montagu.
 In'di*re"tin (?), n. [Indian + Gr. &?; resin.] (Chem.)
 A dark brown resinous substance obtained from indican.

 In'di*ru"bin (?), n. [Indigo + L. ruber red.] (Chem.)
 A substance isomeric with, and resembling, indigo blue, and accompanying it as a side product, in its artificial production.

 In'dis*cern"i*ble (?), a. [Pref. innot + discernible: cf. F. indiscernable.] Not to be discerned; imperceptible; not discoverable or visible.

 Secret and indiscernible ways.

Jer. Taylor.
 -- In'dis*cern"i*ble*ness, n. -- In'dis*cern"i*bly, adv.
 { In'dis*cerp'i*bil"i*ty (?), In'dis*cerp'ti*bil"i*ty (?) }, n. The state or quality of being indiscerpible. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
 { In'dis*cerp"i*ble (?), In'dis*cerp"ti*ble (?) }, a. Not discerpible; inseparable. [Obs.] Bp. Butler. -- In'dis*cerp"i*ble*ness, n., In'dis*cerp"ti*ble*ness, n.
 [Obs.] -- In'dis*cerp"ti*bly, adv. [Obs.]

 In*dis"ci*plin*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. innot + disciplinable: cf. F. indisciplinable.] Not disciplinable; undisciplinable. [R.]

 In*dis"ci*pline (?), n. [L. indisplina: cf. F. indiscipline.
 See Innot, and Discipline.] Want of discipline or instruction. [R.]

 In'dis*cov"er*a*ble (?), a. Not discoverable; undiscoverable. J. Conybeare.
 In'dis*cov"er*y (?), n. Want of discovery. [Obs.]

 In'dis*creet" (?), a. [OE. indiscret, F. indiscret, fr. L. indiscretus unseparated, indiscreet. See Innot, and Discreet, and cf. Indiscrete.] Not discreet; wanting in discretion.

 So drunken, and so indiscreet an officer.

Shak.
Syn. -- Imprudent; injudicious; inconsiderate; rash; hasty; incautious; heedless; undiscerning; foolish.

 -- In'dis*creet"ly, adv. -- In'dis*creet"ness, n. In'dis*crete" (?), a. [L. indiscretus unseparated. See Indiscreet.]

1. Indiscreet. [Obs.] Boyle.
2. Not discrete or separated; compact; homogenous.

 An indiscrete mass of confused matter.

Pownall.
 In'dis*cre"tion (?), n. [Pref. innot + discretion: cf. F. indiscrétion.]

1. The quality or state of being indiscreet; want of discretion; imprudence.

2. An indiscreet act; indiscreet behavior.

 Past indiscretion is a venial crime.

Cowper.
 In'dis*crim"i*nate (?), a. Not discriminate; wanting discrimination; undistinguishing; not making any distinction; confused; promiscuous. "Blind or indiscriminate forgiveness." I. Taylor.
 The indiscriminate defense of right and wrong.

Junius.
 -- In'dis*crim"i*nate*ly, adv. Cowper.
 In'dis*crim"i*na'ting (?), a. Not discriminating. -- In'dis*crim"i*na'ting*ly, adv.
 In'dis*crim'i*na"tion (?), n. Want of discrimination or distinction; impartiality. Jefferson.
 In'dis*crim"i*na*tive (?), a. Making no distinction; not discriminating.

 In'dis*cussed" (?), a. [Pref. innot + discuss: cf.
 L. indiscussus.] Not discussed. [Obs.] Donne.
 In'dis*pen'sa*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. indispensabilité.]
 Indispensableness.

 In'dis*pen"sa*ble (?), a. [Pref. innot + dispensable: cf. F. indispensable.]

1. Not dispensable; impossible to be omitted, remitted, or spared; absolutely necessary or requisite.

2. (Eccl.) Not admitting dispensation; not subject to release or exemption. [R.]

 The law was moral and indispensable.

Bp. Burnet.
3. Unavoidable; inevitable. [Obs.] Fuller.
 In'dis*pen"sa*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being indispensable, or absolutely necessary. S. Clarke.
 In'dis*pen"sa*bly, adv. In an indispensable manner. "Indispensably necessary." Bp. Warburton.
 In'dis*persed" (?), a. Not dispersed. [R.]

 In'dis*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indisposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indisposing.] [OE. indispos indisposed, feeble, or F. indisposé indisposed. See Innot, and Dispose.]

1. To render unfit or unsuited; to disqualify.

2. To disorder slightly as regards health; to make somewhat. Shak.
 It made him rather indisposed than sick.

Walton.
3. To disincline; to render averse or unfavorable; as, a love of pleasure indisposes the mind to severe study; the pride and selfishness of men indispose them to religious duties.

 The king was sufficiently indisposed towards the persons, or the principles, of Calvin's disciples.

Clarendon.
 In'dis*pos"ed*ness (?), n. The condition or quality of being indisposed. [R.] Bp. Hall.
 In*dis'po*si"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. indisposition.]

1. The state of being indisposed; disinclination; as, the indisposition of two substances to combine.

 A general indisposition towards believing.

Atterbury.
2. A slight disorder or illness.

 Rather as an indisposition in health than as any set sickness.

Hayward.
 In*dis'pu*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. indisputabilité.]


seem to be different ways of describing the same relation, with more or less precision. They are equivalent to 'expressible in terms having the same relation to one another,' like the series 8, 12, 18, 27, each of which numbers is in the relation of (1 and 1/2) to the preceding. The 'base,' or 'fundamental number, which has 1/3 added to it' (1 and 1/3) = 4/3 or a musical fourth. (Greek) is a 'proportion' of numbers as of musical notes, applied either to the parts or factors of a single number or to the relation of one number to another. The first harmony is a 'square' number (Greek); the second harmony is an 'oblong' number (Greek), i.e. a number representing a figure of which the opposite sides only are equal. (Greek) = 'numbers squared from' or 'upon diameters'; (Greek) = 'rational,' i.e. omitting fractions, (Greek), 'irrational,' i.e. including fractions; e.g. 49 is a square of the rational diameter of a figure the side of which = 5: 50, of an irrational diameter of the same. For several of the explanations here given and for a good deal besides I am indebted to an excellent article on the Platonic Number by Dr. Donaldson (Proc. of the Philol. Society).
The conclusions which he draws from these data are summed up by him as follows.
Having assumed that the number of the perfect or divine cycle is the number of the world, and the number of the imperfect cycle the number of the state, he proceeds: 'The period of the world is defined by the perfect number 6, that of the state by the cube of that number or 216, which is the product of the last pair of terms in the Platonic Tetractys (a series of seven terms, 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 8, 27); and if we take this as the basis of our computation, we shall have two cube numbers (Greek), viz. 8 and 27; and the mean proportionals between these, viz. 12 and 18, will furnish three intervals and four terms, and these terms and intervals stand related to one another in the sesqui-altera ratio, i.e. each term is to the preceding as 3/2. Now if we remember that the number 216 = 8 x 27 = 3 cubed + 4 cubed + 5 cubed, and 3 squared + 4 squared = 5 squared, we must admit that this number implies the numbers 3, 4, 5, to which musicians attach so much importance. And if we combine the ratio 4/3 with the number 5, or multiply the ratios of the sides by the hypotenuse, we shall by first squaring and then cubing obtain two expressions, which denote the ratio of the two last pairs of terms in the Platonic Tetractys, the former multiplied by the square, the latter by the cube of the number 10, the sum of the first four digits which constitute the Platonic Tetractys.' The two (Greek) he elsewhere explains as follows: 'The first (Greek) is (Greek), in other words (4/3 x 5) all squared = 100 x 2 squared over 3 squared. The second (Greek), a cube of the same root, is described as 100 multiplied (alpha) by the rational diameter of 5 diminished by unity, i.e., as shown above, 48: (beta) by two incommensurable diameters, i.e. the two first irrationals, or 2 and 3: and (gamma) by the cube of 3, or 27. Thus we have (48 + 5 + 27) 100 = 1000 x 2 cubed. This second harmony is to be the cube of the number of which the former harmony is the square, and therefore must be divided by the cube of 3. In other words, the whole expression will be: (1), for the first harmony, 400/9: (2), for the second harmony, 8000/27.' The reasons which have inclined me to agree with Dr. Donaldson and also with Schleiermacher in supposing that 216 is the Platonic number of births are: (1) that it coincides with the description of the number given in the first part of the passage (Greek...): (2) that the number 216 with its permutations would have been familiar to a Greek mathematician, though unfamiliar to us: (3) that 216 is the cube of 6, and also the sum of 3 cubed, 4 cubed, 5 cubed, the numbers 3, 4, 5 representing the Pythagorean triangle, of which the sides when squared equal the square of the hypotenuse (9 + 16 = 25): (4) that it is also the period of the Pythagorean Metempsychosis: (5) the three ultimate terms or bases (3, 4, 5) of which 216 is composed answer to the third, fourth, fifth in the musical scale: (6) that the number 216 is the product of the cubes of 2 and 3, which are the two last terms in the Platonic Tetractys: (7) that the Pythagorean triangle is said by Plutarch (de Is. et Osir.), Proclus (super prima Eucl.), and Quintilian (de Musica) to be contained in this passage, so that the tradition of the school seems to point in the same direction: (8) that the Pythagorean triangle is called also the figure of marriage (Greek).
But though agreeing with Dr. Donaldson thus far, I see no reason for supposing, as he does, that the first or perfect number is the world, the human or imperfect number the state; nor has he given any proof that the second harmony is a cube. Nor do I think that (Greek) can mean 'two incommensurables,' which he arbitrarily assumes to be 2 and 3, but rather, as the preceding clause implies, (Greek), i.e. two square numbers based upon irrational diameters of a figure the side of which is 5 = 50 x 2.
The greatest objection to the translation is the sense given to the words (Greek), 'a base of three with a third added to it, multiplied by 5.' In this somewhat forced manner Plato introduces once more the numbers of the Pythagorean triangle. But the coincidences in the numbers which follow are in favour of the explanation. The first harmony of 400, as has been already remarked, probably represents the rulers; the second and oblong harmony of 7600, the people.
And here we take leave of the difficulty. The discovery of the riddle would be useless, and would throw no light on ancient mathematics. The point of interest is that Plato should have used such a symbol, and that so much of the Pythagorean spirit should have prevailed in him. His general meaning is that divine creation is perfect, and is represented or presided over by a perfect or cyclical number; human generation is imperfect, and represented or presided over by an imperfect number or series of numbers. The number 5040, which is the number of the citizens in the Laws, is expressly based by him on utilitarian grounds, namely, the convenience of the number for division; it is also made up of the first seven digits multiplied by one another. The contrast of the perfect and imperfect number may have been easily suggested by the corrections of the cycle, which were made first by Meton and secondly by Callippus; (the latter is said to have been a pupil of Plato). Of the degree of importance or of exactness to be attributed to the problem, the number of the tyrant in Book IX (729 = 365 x 2), and the slight correction of the error in the number 5040/12 (Laws), may furnish a criterion. There is nothing surprising in the circumstance that those who were seeking for order in nature and had found order in number, should have imagined one to give law to the other. Plato believes in a power of number far beyond what he could see realized in the world around him, and he knows the great influence which 'the little matter of 1, 2, 3' exercises upon education. He may even be thought


meate for them all. Gower.
4. To steep or soak in warm water. [Obs.]

 To try whether seeds be old or new, the sense can not inform; but if you boil them in water, the new seeds will sprout sooner. Bacon.
To boil down, to reduce in bulk by boiling; as, to boil down sap or sirup.

 Boil, n. Act or state of boiling. [Colloq.]

 Boil, n. [Influenced by boil, v. See Beal, Bile.] A hard, painful, inflamed tumor, which, on suppuration, discharges pus, mixed with blood, and discloses a small fibrous mass of dead tissue, called the core.

A blind boil, one that suppurates imperfectly, or fails to come to a head. -- Delhi boil (Med.), a peculiar affection of the skin, probably parasitic in origin, prevailing in India (as among the British troops) and especially at Delhi.

 Boil"a*ry (&?;), n. See Boilery.

 Boiled (&?;), a. Dressed or cooked by boiling; subjected to the action of a boiling liquid; as, boiled meat; a boiled dinner; boiled clothes.

 Boil"er (&?;), n. 1. One who boils.

2. A vessel in which any thing is boiled.

 The word boiler is a generic term covering a great variety of kettles, saucepans, clothes boilers, evaporators, coppers, retorts, etc.

3. (Mech.) A strong metallic vessel, usually of wrought iron plates riveted together, or a composite structure variously formed, in which steam is generated for driving engines, or for heating, cooking, or other purposes.

 The earliest steam boilers were usually spheres or sections of spheres, heated wholly from the outside. Watt used the wagon boiler (shaped like the top of a covered wagon) which is still used with low pressures.
 Most of the boilers in present use may be classified as plain cylinder boilers, flue boilers, sectional and tubular boilers.

Barrel of a boiler, the cylindrical part containing the flues. -- Boiler plate, Boiler iron, plate or rolled iron of about a quarter to a half inch in thickness, used for making boilers and tanks, for covering ships, etc. -- Cylinder boiler, one which consists of a single iron cylinder. -- Flue boilers are usually single shells containing a small number of large flues, through which the heat either passes from the fire or returns to the chimney, and sometimes containing a fire box inclosed by water. -- Locomotive boiler, a boiler which contains an inclosed fire box and a large number of small flues leading to the chimney. -- Multiflue boiler. Same as Tubular boiler, below. -- Sectional boiler, a boiler composed of a number of sections, which are usually of small capacity and similar to, and connected with, each other. By multiplication of the sections a boiler of any desired capacity can be built up. -- Tubular boiler, a boiler containing tubes which form flues, and are surrounded by the water contained in the boiler. See Illust. of Steam boiler, under Steam. -- Tubulous boiler.
 See under Tubulous. See Tube, n., 6, and 1st Flue.

 Boil"er*y (boil"r*), n. [Cf. F. bouillerie.] A place and apparatus for boiling, as for evaporating brine in salt making.

 Boil"ing, a. Heated to the point of bubbling; heaving with bubbles; in tumultuous agitation, as boiling liquid; surging; seething; swelling with heat, ardor, or passion.

Boiling point, the temperature at which a fluid is converted into vapor, with the phenomena of ebullition. This is different for different liquids, and for the same liquid under different pressures. For water, at the level of the sea, barometer 30 in., it is 212 ° Fahrenheit; for alcohol, 172.96°; for ether, 94.8°; for mercury, about 675°.
 The boiling point of water is lowered one degree Fahrenheit for about 550 feet of ascent above the level of the sea. -- Boiling spring, a spring which gives out very hot water, or water and steam, often ejecting it with much force; a geyser. -- To be at the boiling point, to be very angry. -- To keep the pot boiling, to keep going on actively, as in certain games. [Colloq.]

 Boil"ing, n. 1. The act of ebullition or of tumultuous agitation.

2. Exposure to the action of a hot liquid.

 Boil"ing*ly, adv. With boiling or ebullition.

 And lakes of bitumen rise boiling higher. Byron.
 ||Bois" d'arc" (&?;). [F., bow wood. So called because used for bows by the Western Indians.] (Bot.) The Osage orange (Maclura aurantiaca).

 The bois d'arc seems to be the characteristic growth of the black prairies. U. S. Census (1880).
 ||Bois" dur'ci" (&?;). [F., hardened wood.] A hard, highly polishable composition, made of fine sawdust from hard wood (as rosewood) mixed with blood, and pressed.

 Boist (&?;), n. [OF. boiste, F. boîte, from the same root as E. box.] A box. [Obs.]

 Bois"ter*ous (&?;), a. [OE. boistous; of uncertain origin; cf. W. bwyst wild, savage, wildness, ferocity, bwystus ferocious.] 1. Rough or rude; unbending; unyielding; strong; powerful. [Obs.] "Boisterous sword." "Boisterous hand." Shak.
2. Exhibiting tumultuous violence and fury; acting with noisy turbulence; violent; rough; stormy.

 The waters swell before a boisterous storm. Shak.
 The brute and boisterous force of violent men. Milton.
3. Noisy; rough; turbulent; as, boisterous mirth; boisterous behavior.

 I like not that loud, boisterous man. Addison.
4. Vehement; excessive. [R.]

 The heat becomes too powerful and boisterous for them. Woodward.
Syn. -- Loud; roaring; violent; stormy; turbulent; furious; tumultuous; noisy; impetuous; vehement.

 Bois"ter*ous*ly, adv. In a boisterous manner.

 Bois"ter*ous*ness, n. The state or quality of being boisterous; turbulence; disorder; tumultuousness.

 Bois"tous (&?;), a. Rough or rude; coarse; strong; violent; boisterous; noisy. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Bois"tous*ly, adv. -- Bois"tous*ness, n. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Bo*ja"nus or"gan (&?;). [From Bojanus, the discoverer.] (Zoöl.)
 A glandular organ of bivalve mollusca, serving in part as a kidney.

 Bo"ka*dam' (&?;), n. (Zoöl.) See Cerberus.

 Boke, v. t. & i. To poke; to thrust. [Obs. or Dial.]

 Bo"lar (&?;), a. [See Bole clay.] Of or pertaining to bole or clay; partaking of the nature and qualities of bole; clayey.

 ||Bo"las (&?;), n. sing. & pl. [Sp.] A kind of missile weapon consisting of one, two, or more balls of stone, iron, or other material, attached to the ends of a leather cord; -- used by the Gauchos of South America, and others, for


those men go.

Acts xvi. 35.
 This fell sergeant, Death, Is strict in his arrest.

Shak.
2. (Mil.) In a company, battery, or troop, a noncommissioned officer next in rank above a corporal, whose duty is to instruct recruits in discipline, to form the ranks, etc.

 In the United States service, besides the sergeants belonging to the companies there are, in each regiment, a sergeant major, who is the chief noncommissioned officer, and has important duties as the assistant to the adjutant; a quartermaster sergeant, who assists the quartermaster; a color sergeant, who carries the colors; and a commissary sergeant, who assists in the care and distribution of the stores. Ordnance sergeants have charge of the ammunition at military posts.

3. (Law) A lawyer of the highest rank, answering to the doctor of the civil law; -- called also serjeant at law. [Eng.] Blackstone.
4. A title sometimes given to the servants of the sovereign; as, sergeant surgeon, that is, a servant, or attendant, surgeon. [Eng.]

5. (Zoöl.) The cobia.

Drill sergeant. (Mil.) See under Drill. -- Sergeant-at-arms, an officer of a legislative body, or of a deliberative or judicial assembly, who executes commands in preserving order and arresting offenders. See Sergeant, 1. -- Sergeant major. (a) (Mil.)
 See the Note under def. 2, above. (b) (Zoöl.) The cow pilot.

 Ser"geant*cy (?), n. Same as Sergeancy.

 Ser"geant*ry (?), n. [CF. OF. sergenteric.] See Sergeanty.
 [R.] [Written also serjeantry.]

 Ser"geant*ship, n. The office of sergeant.

 Ser"geant*y (?), n. [Cf. OF. sergentie, LL. sergentia.
 See Sergeant.] (Eng. Law) Tenure of lands of the crown by an honorary kind of service not due to any lord, but to the king only.
 [Written also serjeanty.]

Grand sergeanty, a particular kind of tenure by which the tenant was bound to do some special honorary service to the king in person, as to carry his banner, his sword, or the like. Tomlins. Cowell.
Blackstone. -- Petit sergeanty. See under Petit.

 Se"ri*al (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to a series; consisting of a series; appearing in successive parts or numbers; as, a serial work or publication. "Classification... may be more or less serial."
 H. Spencer.
2. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to rows. Gray.
Serial homology. (Biol.) See under Homology. -- Serial symmetry. (Biol.) See under Symmetry.

 Se"ri*al, n. A publication appearing in a series or succession of part; a tale, or other writing, published in successive numbers of a periodical.

 Se'ri*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of succession in a series; sequence. H. Spenser.
 Se"ri*al*ly, adv. In a series, or regular order; in a serial manner; as, arranged serially; published serially.

 Se"ri*ate (?), a. Arranged in a series or succession; pertaining to a series. -- Se"ri*ate*ly, adv.
 Se'ri*a"tim (?), adv. [NL.] In regular order; one after the other; severally.

 Se'ri*a"tion (?), n. (Chem.) Arrangement or position in a series.

 Se*ri"ceous (?), a. [L. sericus silken, sericum Seric stuff, silk, fr. Sericus belonging to the Seres, Gr. &?;&?;&?;, a people of Eastern Asia, the modern Chinese, celebrated for their silken fabrics. Cf. Silk, Serge a woolen stuff.] 1. Of or pertaining to silk; consisting of silk; silky.

2. (Bot.) Covered with very soft hairs pressed close to the surface; as, a sericeous leaf.

3. (Zoöl.) Having a silklike luster, usually due to fine, close hairs.

 Ser"i*cin (?), n. [L. sericus silken.] (Chem.) A gelatinous nitrogenous material extracted from crude silk and other similar fiber by boiling water; -- called also silk gelatin.

 Ser"i*cite (?), n. [L. sericus silken.] (Min.) A kind of muscovite occuring in silky scales having a fibrous structure. It is characteristic of sericite schist.

 ||Ser'ic*te"ri*um (?), n. [See Sericeous.] (Zoöl.) A silk gland, as in the silkworms.

 Ser"i*cul'ture (?), n. [See Sericeous, and Culture.] The raising of silkworms.

 Se"rie (?), n. [Cf. F. série.] Series. [Obs.]

 ||Ser'i*e"ma (?), n. [Native name.] (Zoöl.) A large South American bird (Dicholophus, or Cariama cristata) related to the cranes. It is often domesticated. Called also cariama.

 Se"ries (?), n. [L. series, fr. serere, sertum, to join or bind together; cf. Gr. &?;&?;&?; to fasten, Skr. sarit thread. Cf. Assert, Desert a solitude, Exert, Insert, Seraglio.] 1.
 A number of things or events standing or succeeding in order, and connected by a like relation; sequence; order; course; a succession of things; as, a continuous series of calamitous events.

 During some years his life a series of triumphs.

Macaulay.
2. (Biol.) Any comprehensive group of animals or plants including several subordinate related groups.

 Sometimes a series includes several classes; sometimes only orders or families; in other cases only species.

3. (Math.) An indefinite number of terms succeeding one another, each of which is derived from one or more of the preceding by a fixed law, called the law of the series; as, an arithmetical series; a geometrical series.

 Ser"in (?), n. [F. serin.] (Zoöl.) A European finch (Serinus hortulanus) closely related to the canary.

 Ser"ine (?), n. [L. sericus silken.] (Chem.) A white crystalline nitrogenous substance obtained by the action of dilute sulphuric acid on silk gelatin.

 { Se'ri*o-com"ic (?), Se'ri*o-com"ic*al (?), } a. Having a mixture of seriousness and sport; serious and comical.

 Se"ri*ous (?), a. [L. serius: cf. F. sérieux, LL. seriosus.] 1. Grave in manner or disposition; earnest; thoughtful; solemn; not light, gay, or volatile.

 He is always serious, yet there is about his manner a graceful ease.

Macaulay.
2. Really intending what is said; being in earnest; not jesting or deceiving. Beaconsfield.
3. Important; weighty; not trifling; grave.

 The holy Scriptures bring to our ears the most serious things in the world.

Young.
4. Hence, giving rise to apprehension; attended with danger; as, a serious injury.

Syn. -- Grave; solemn; earnest; sedate; important; weighty. See Grave.

 -- Se"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Se"ri*ous*ness, n. Ser"iph (?), n. (Type Founding) See Ceriph.

 { Ser"jeant (?), Ser"jeant*cy, etc. } See Sergeant, Sergeantcy, etc.

Serjeant-at-arms. See Sergeant-atarms, under Sergeant.

 Ser*moc'i*na"tion (?), n. [L. sermocinatio. See Sermon.] The making of speeches or sermons; sermonizing. [


'a*gan"dist (?), n. [Cf. F. propagandiste.] A person who devotes himself to the spread of any system of principles. "Political propagandists."
 Walsh.
 Prop"a*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Propagated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Propagating.] [L. propagatus, p. p. of propagare to propagate, akin to propages, propago, a layer of a plant, slip, shoot. See Pro-, and cf. Pact, Prop, Prune, v. t.]

1. To cause to continue or multiply by generation, or successive production; -- applied to animals and plants; as, to propagate a breed of horses or sheep; to propagate a species of fruit tree.

2. To cause to spread to extend; to impel or continue forward in space; as, to propagate sound or light.

3. To spread from person to person; to extend the knowledge of; to originate and spread; to carry from place to place; to disseminate; as, to propagate a story or report; to propagate the Christian religion.

 The infection was propagated insensibly.

De Foe.
4. To multiply; to increase. [Obs.]

 Griefs of mine own lie heavy in my breast, Which thou wilt propagate.

Shak.
5. To generate; to produce.

 Motion propagated motion, and life threw off life.

De Quincey.
Syn. -- To multiply; continue; increase; spread; diffuse; disseminate; promote.

 Prop"a*gate, v. i. To have young or issue; to be produced or multiplied by generation, or by new shoots or plants; as, rabbits propagate rapidly.

 No need that thou Should'st propagate, already infinite.

Milton.
 Prop'a*ga"tion (?), n. [L. propagatio: cf. F. propagation.]

1. The act of propagating; continuance or multiplication of the kind by generation or successive production; as, the propagation of animals or plants.

 There is not in nature any spontaneous generation, but all come by propagation.

Ray.
2. The spreading abroad, or extension, of anything; diffusion; dissemination; as, the propagation of sound; the propagation of the gospel. Bacon.
 Prop"a*ga*tive (?), a. Producing by propagation, or by a process of growth.

 Prop"a*ga'tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. propagateur.] One who propagates; one who continues or multiplies.

 ||Pro*pag"u*lum (?), n.; pl. Propagula (#). [NL. See Propagate.] (Bot.) A runner terminated by a germinating bud.

 Pro"pane (?), n. [Propyl + methane.] (Chem.) A heavy gaseous hydrocarbon, C3H8, of the paraffin series, occurring naturally dissolved in crude petroleum, and also made artificially; -- called also propyl hydride.

 Pro*par"gyl (?), n. [Propinyl + Gr. &?; silver + -yl.
 So called because one hydrogen atom may be replaced by silver.] (Chem.)
 Same as Propinyl.

 Pro'par*ox"y*tone (?), n. [Gr. &?;. See Pro-, and Paroxytone.]
 (Gr. Gram.) A word which has the acute accent on the antepenult.

 Pro"ped (?), n. [Pref. pro- + L. pes, pedis, foot.] (Zoöl.) Same as Proleg.

 Pro*pel" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Propelled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Propelling.] [L. propellere, propulsum; pro forward + pellere to drive. See Pulse a beating.] To drive forward; to urge or press onward by force; to move, or cause to move; as, the wind or steam propels ships; balls are propelled by gunpowder.

 Pro*pel"ler (?), n.
1. One who, or that which, propels.

2. A contrivance for propelling a steam vessel, usually consisting of a screw placed in the stern under water, and made to revolve by an engine; a propeller wheel.

3. A steamboat thus propelled; a screw steamer.

Propeller wheel,the screw, usually having two or more blades, used in propelling a vessel.

 Pro*pend" (?), v. i. [L. propendere, propensum; pro forward, forth + pendere to hang. See Pendent.] To lean toward a thing; to be favorably inclined or disposed; to incline; to tend. [R.] Shak.
 We shall propend to it, as a stone falleth down.

Barrow.
 Pro*pend"en*cy (?), n. 1. Propensity. [R.]

2. Attentive deliberation. [R.] Sir M. Hale.
 Pro*pend"ent (?), a. [L. propendens, p. pr.] Inclining forward or toward. South.
 Pro"pene (?), n. [Propyl + ethylene.] (Chem.)
 Same as Propylene.

 Pro*pense" (?), a. [L. propensus, p. p. See Propend.]
 Leaning toward, in a moral sense; inclined; disposed; prone; as, women propense to holiness. Hooker. -- Pro*pense"ly, adv. -- Pro*pense"ness, n. Pro*pen"sion (?), n. [L. propensio: cf. F. propension.
 See Propend, Propense.] The quality or state of being propense; propensity. M. Arnold.
 Your full consent Gave wings to my propension.

Shak.
 Pro*pen"si*ty (?), n.; pl. Propensities (&?;).
 The quality or state of being propense; natural inclination; disposition to do good or evil; bias; bent; tendency. "A propensity to utter blasphemy." Macaulay.
Syn. -- Disposition; bias; inclination; proclivity; proneness; bent; tendency.

 Pro"pe*nyl (?), n. [Propene + -yl.] (Chem.) A hypothetical hydrocarbon radical, C3H5, isomeric with allyl and glyceryl, and regarded as the essential residue of glycerin. Cf. Allyl, and Glyceryl.

 Pro*pep"sin (?), n. [Pref. pro- + pepsin.] (Physiol.
 Chem.) See Persinogen.

 Pro*pep"tone (?), n. [Pref. pro- + peptone.] (Physiol.
 Chem.) A product of gastric digestion intermediate between albumin and peptone, identical with hemialbumose.

 Prop"er (?), a. [OE. propre, F. propre, fr. L. proprius.
 Cf. Appropriate.]

1. Belonging to one; one's own; individual. "His proper good" [i. e., his own possessions]. Chaucer. "My proper son." Shak.
 Now learn the difference, at your proper cost, Betwixt true valor and an empty boast.

Dryden.
2. Belonging to the natural or essential constitution; peculiar; not common; particular; as, every animal has his proper instincts and appetites.

 Those high and peculiar attributes... which constitute our proper humanity.

Coleridge.
3. Befitting one's nature, qualities, etc.; suitable in all respect; appropriate; right; fit; decent; as, water is the proper element for fish; a proper dress.

 The proper study of mankind is man.

Pope.
 In Athens all was pleasure, mirth, and play, All proper to the spring, and sprightly May.

Dryden.
4. Becoming in appearance; well formed; handsome. [Ar


Stone"-horse' (?), n. Stallion. [Obs.] Mortimer.
 Ston"er (?), n. 1. One who stones; one who makes an assault with stones.

2. One who walls with stones.

 Stone"root' (?), n. (Bot.) A North American plant (Collinsonia Canadensis) having a very hard root; horse balm. See Horse balm, under Horse.

 Stone"run'ner (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The ring plover, or the ringed dotterel. [Prov. Eng.] (b) The dotterel.
 [Prov. Eng.]

 Stone"smic'kle (?), n. (Zoöl.) The stonechat; -- called also stonesmitch. [Prov. Eng.]

 Stone"-still' (?), a. As still as a stone. Shak.
 Stone"ware' (?), n. A species of coarse potter's ware, glazed and baked.

 Stone"weed' (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Lithospermum, herbs having a fruit composed of four stony nutlets.

 Stone"work' (?), n. Work or wall consisting of stone; mason's work of stone. Mortimer.
 Stone"wort' (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Chara; -- so called because they are often incrusted with carbonate of lime. See Chara.

 Ston"i*ly (?), adv. In a stony manner.

 Ston"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being stony.

 Ston"ish, a. Stony. [R.] "Possessed with stonish insensibility." Robynson (More's Utopia).
 Stont (?), obs. 3d pers. sing. present of Stand.

 Ston"y (?), a. [Compar. Stonier (?); superl. Stoniest.]
 [AS. stnig. See Stone.] 1. Of or pertaining to stone, consisting of, or abounding in, stone or stones; resembling stone; hard; as, a stony tower; a stony cave; stony ground; a stony crust.

2. Converting into stone; petrifying; petrific.

 The stony dart of senseless cold.

Spenser.
3. Inflexible; cruel; unrelenting; pitiless; obdurate; perverse; cold; morally hard; appearing as if petrified; as, a stony heart; a stony gaze.

Stony coral. (Zoöl.) Same as Stone coral, under Stone.

 Stood (?), imp. & p. p. of Stand.

 Stook (?), n. [Scot. stook, stouk; cf. LG. stuke a heap, bundle, G. stauche a truss, bundle of flax.] (Agric.)
 A small collection of sheaves set up in the field; a shock; in England, twelve sheaves.

 Stook, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stooked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stooking.] (Agric.) To set up, as sheaves of grain, in stooks.

 Stool (?), n. [L. stolo. See Stolon.] (Hort.) A plant from which layers are propagated by bending its branches into the soil. P. Henderson.
 Stool, v. i. (Agric.) To ramfy; to tiller, as grain; to shoot out suckers. R. D. Blackmore.
 Stool (?), n. [AS. stl a seat; akin to OFries. & OS. stl, D. stoel, G. stuhl, OHG. stuol, Icel. stll, Sw. & Dan. stol, Goth. stls, Lith. stalas a table, Russ. stol'; from the root of E. stand. √163.
 See Stand, and cf. Fauteuil.] 1. A single seat with three or four legs and without a back, made in various forms for various uses.

2. A seat used in evacuating the bowels; hence, an evacuation; a discharge from the bowels.

3. A stool pigeon, or decoy bird. [U. S.]

4. (Naut.) A small channel on the side of a vessel, for the dead-eyes of the backstays. Totten.
5. A bishop's seat or see; a bishopstool. J. P. Peters.
6. A bench or form for resting the feet or the knees; a footstool; as, a kneeling stool.

7. Material, such as oyster shells, spread on the sea bottom for oyster spat to adhere to. [Local, U.S.]

Stool of a window, or Window stool (Arch.), the flat piece upon which the window shuts down, and which corresponds to the sill of a door; in the United States, the narrow shelf fitted on the inside against the actual sill upon which the sash descends. This is called a window seat when broad and low enough to be used as a seat. -- Stool of repentance, the cuttystool. [Scot.] -- Stool pigeon, a pigeon used as a decoy to draw others within a net; hence, a person used as a decoy for others.

 Stool"ball' (?), n. A kind of game with balls, formerly common in England, esp. with young women.

 Nausicaa With other virgins did at stoolball play.

Chapman.
 Stoom (?), v. t. [D. stommen to adulterate, to drug (wine).
 √163. Cf. Stum.] To stum. [R.]

 Stoop (?), n. [D. stoep.] (Arch.) Originally, a covered porch with seats, at a house door; the Dutch stoep as introduced by the Dutch into New York. Afterward, an out-of-door flight of stairs of from seven to fourteen steps, with platform and parapets, leading to an entrance door some distance above the street; the French perron.
 Hence, any porch, platform, entrance stairway, or small veranda, at a house door. [U. S.]

 Stoop, n. [OE. stope, Icel. staup; akin to AS. steáp, D. stoop, G. stauf, OHG. stouph.] A vessel of liquor; a flagon. [Written also stoup.]

 Fetch me a stoop of liquor.

Shak.
 Stoop, n. [Cf. Icel. staup a knobby lump.] A post fixed in the earth. [Prov. Eng.]

 Stoop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Stooped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Stooping.] [OE. stoupen; akin to AS. st&?;pian, OD. stuypen, Icel. stpa, Sw. stupa to fall, to tilt.
 Cf 5th Steep.] 1. To bend the upper part of the body downward and forward; to bend or lean forward; to incline forward in standing or walking; to assume habitually a bent position.

2. To yield; to submit; to bend, as by compulsion; to assume a position of humility or subjection.

 Mighty in her ships stood Carthage long,... Yet stooped to Rome, less wealthy, but more strong.

Dryden.
 These are arts, my prince, In which your Zama does not stoop to Rome.

Addison.
3. To descend from rank or dignity; to condescend. "She stoops to conquer." Goldsmith.
 Where men of great wealth stoop to husbandry, it multiplieth riches exceedingly.

Bacon.
4. To come down as a hawk does on its prey; to pounce; to souse; to swoop.

 The bird of Jove, stooped from his aëry tour, Two birds of gayest plume before him drove.

Milton.
5. To sink when on the wing; to alight.

 And stoop with closing pinions from above.

Dryden.
 Cowering low With blandishment, each bird


steered from amidships. (e) (Mach.) A bent crosspiece connecting two other parts. (f) (Arch.) A tie securing two timbers together, not used for part of a regular truss, but serving a temporary purpose, as to provide against unusual strain. (g) (Dressmaking) A band shaped to fit the shoulders or the hips, and joined to the upper full edge of the waist or the skirt.

3. Fig.: That which connects or binds; a chain; a link; a bond connection.

 Boweth your neck under that blissful yoke... Which that men clepeth spousal or wedlock.

Chaucer.
 This yoke of marriage from us both remove.

Dryden.
4. A mark of servitude; hence, servitude; slavery; bondage; service.

 Our country sinks beneath the yoke.

Shak.
 My yoke is easy, and my burden is light.

Matt. xi. 30.
5. Two animals yoked together; a couple; a pair that work together.

 I have bought five yoke of oxen, and I go to prove them.

Luke xiv. 19.
6. The quantity of land plowed in a day by a yoke of oxen. [Obs.]
 Gardner.
7. A portion of the working day; as, to work two yokes, that is, to work both portions of the day, or morning and afternoon. [Prov.
 Eng.] Halliwell.
Neck yoke, Pig yoke. See under Neck, and Pig. -- Yoke elm (Bot.), the European hornbeam (Carpinus Betulus), a small tree with tough white wood, often used for making yokes for cattle.

 Yoke (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Yoked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Yoking.]

1. To put a yoke on; to join in or with a yoke; as, to yoke oxen, or pair of oxen.

2. To couple; to join with another. "Be ye not unequally yoked with unbelievers." 2 Cor. vi. 14.
 Cassius, you are yoked with a lamb.

Shak.
3. To enslave; to bring into bondage; to restrain; to confine.

 Then were they yoked with garrisons.

Milton.
 The words and promises that yoke The conqueror are quickly broke.

Hudibras.
 Yoke, v. i. To be joined or associated; to be intimately connected; to consort closely; to mate.

 We 'll yoke together, like a double shadow.

Shak.
 Yoke"age (?), n. See Rokeage. [Local, U. S.]

 Yoke"fel'low (?), n. [Yoke + fellow.] An associate or companion in, or as in; a mate; a fellow; especially, a partner in marriage. Phil. iv. 3.
 The two languages [English and French] became yokefellows in a still more intimate manner.

Earle.
 Those who have most distinguished themselves by railing at the sex, very often choose one of the most worthless for a companion and yokefellow.

Addison.
 Yo"kel (?), n. [Perhaps from an AS. word akin to E. gawk.] A country bumpkin. [Eng.] Dickens.
 Yoke"let (?), n. A small farm; -- so called as requiring but one yoke of oxen to till it. [Prov. Eng.]

 Yoke"mate' (?), n. Same as Yokefellow.

 Yoke"-toed' (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having two toes in front and two behind, as the trogons and woodpeckers.

 Yold (?), obs. p. p. of Yield. Yielded. Spenser.
 Yold"en (?), obs. p. p. of Yield. Yielded.

 Yolk (ylk or yk; 277), n. [OE. yolke, yelke, olke, elke, AS. geoloca, geoleca, fr. geolu yellow. See Yellow.] [Written also yelk.]

1. The yellow part of an egg; the vitellus.

2. (Zoöl.) An oily secretion which naturally covers the wool of sheep.

Yolk cord (Zoöl.), a slender cord or duct which connects the yolk glands with the egg chambers in certain insects, as in the aphids. -- Yolk gland (Zoöl.), a special organ which secretes the yolk of the eggs in many turbellarians, and in some other invertebrates. See Illust. of Hermaphrodite in Appendix. -- Yolk sack (Anat.), the umbilical vesicle. See under Unbilical.

 Yoll (yl), v. i. To yell. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Yon (yn), a. [OE. yon, on, AS. geon; akin to G. jener, OHG. jenr, Icel. enn, inn; cf. Goth.
 jains. √188. Cf. Beyond, Yond, Yonder.] At a distance, but within view; yonder. [Poetic] Read thy lot in yon celestial sign.

Milton.
 Though fast yon shower be fleeting.

Keble.
 Yon, adv. Yonder. [Obs. or Poetic] But, first and chiefest, with thee bring Him that yon soars on golden wing.

Milton.
 Yon"co*pin (?), n. [Perhaps corrupted from Illinois micoupena, Chippewa makopin, the American lotus.] (Bot.) A local name in parts of the Mississippi Valley for the American lotus (Nelumbo lutea).

 Yond (?), a. [Cf. AS. anda, onda, anger, andian to be angry.] Furious; mad; angry; fierce. [Obs.] "Then wexeth wood and yond."
 Spenser.
 Yond, adv. & a. [OE. yond, ond, eond, through, beyond, over, AS. geond, adv. & prep.; cf. Goth. jaind thither. √188. See Yon, a.] Yonder. [Obs.] "Yond in the garden." Chaucer.
 Yon"der (?), adv. [OE. yonder, onder; cf. OD. ginder, Goth. jaindr&?; there. &?;&?;&?;&?;. See Yond, adv.] At a distance, but within view.

Yonder are two apple women scolding.

Arbuthnot.
 Yon"der, a. Being at a distance within view, or conceived of as within view; that or those there; yon. "Yon flowery arbors, yonder alleys green." Milton. "Yonder sea of light." Keble.
Yonder men are too many for an embassage.

Bacon.
 ||Yo"ni (?), n. [Skr. y&?;ni.] (Hindoo Myth.) The symbol under which Sakti, or the personification of the female power in nature, is worshiped. Cf. Lingam.

 Yon"ker (?), n. [See Younker.] A young fellow; a younker. [Obs. or Colloq.] Sir W. Scott.
 Yore (yr), adv. [OE. ore, yare, are, AS. geára;akin to geár a year, E. year. √204. See Year.] In time long past; in old time; long since. [Obs. or Poetic] As it hath been of olde times yore.

Chaucer.
 Which though he hath polluted oft and yore, Yet I to them for judgment just do fly


Church, Warwick, was first formed by the celebrated antiquary, John Rous. Before his time we hear only of one or two books. In 1407 there was a collection of fifty service books, and a Catholicon, the latter being perhaps the nucleus of a library.[326] "At my lorde's auter," that is, at the Earl of Warwick's altar, were to be found among other goods and books, the Bible, the fourth book of the Sentences, Pupilla Oculi, a work by Reymond de Pennaforte, Isidore, and some canon law.[327] John Rous seems to have inherited the bookish tastes of his relative, William Rous. William had bequeathed his books to the Dean, charging him to allow John to read them when he came of age and had received priest's orders.
Among the Harleian MSS. in the British Museum is a small volume written on parchment by Humphrey Wanley, which includes a copy of a curious inventory of vestments, plate, books, and other goods made in the time of John Rous, 1464. A portion of this inventory has been printed in Notices of the Churches of Warwickshire, i. 15-16. "It. v bokes beynge in the handes of Maister John Rous now priest whuche were Sir William Rous and bequath hem to the Dean and Chapitre of the forseide Chirche Collegiall under condicōn that the seid maister John beynge priest shulde have hem for his special edificacōn duryng his lief. And after his decees to remayne and to be for ever to the seide Dean and Chapitre as it appereth by endentures thereof made whereof one party leveth with the Dean and Chapitre. That is to say i book quem composuit ffrater Antoninus Rampologus de Janis 2 fo Chorinth 14. It. 1 book cald pars dextera et pars sinistra 2 fo non ð carere. It. 1 bible versefied cald patris in Aurora 2 fo huic opifex. {128}It. 1 book of powles epistoles glosed 2 fo de Jhu qui dr Xtus. It. 1 book cald pharetra 2 fo hora est jam nos de sompno surgere. It. 1 quayer in the whuche is conteyned the exposicōn of the masse 2 fo cois offerim." John also seems to have given books as well as a room to house them.[328] An old view of the church, taken before the great fire which destroyed the town in 1694, shows the south porch surmounted with his library, as then standing; but this room was destroyed in the fire, and it seems certain the books were burnt. The present library was founded in 1701, and includes no part of the original collection.[329] Bequests to churches of service books, such as that to the church of St.
Mary, Castle-gate, York (1394), were numerous; they may be set apart with bequests of vestments, plate, and money. Some bequests have a different character. A chancellor of York, Thomas de Farnylaw, leaves books, bound and unbound, to the Vicar of Waghen; a volume of sermons and a "quire" to the church of Embleton; and a Bible and Concordance to be chained in the north porch of St. Nicholas' Church, Newcastle, "for common use, for the good of the soul of his lord William of Middleton" (1378). A chaplain leaves service books, Speculum Ecclesiae, and the Gospels in English to Holy Trinity Church, Goodramgate, York (1394). A Bristol merchant bequeaths two books on canon law to St. Mary Redcliffe Church, there to be preserved for the use of the vicar and chaplains (1416). In the same year a Canon of York enriches Beverley Church with all his books of canon{129} and civil law. Books were also chained in the church of St. Mary of Oxford. Bishop Lyndwood of St. David's bequeaths a copy of his digest of the synodal constitutions of the province of Canterbury for chaining in St. Stephen's Chapel, "to serve as a standard for future editions" (1443). Richard Browne, or Cordone, who has left books to Wells, reserves for the parish church of Naas in Ireland a Catholicon and other manuscripts (1452). To Boston Church a rector of Kirkby Ravensworth bequeaths several books, but one named John Bosbery was to have the use of them for life: among the gifts was Polichronicon (1457). Canon Nicholas Holme leaves Pupilla Oculi to the parish church of Redmarshall (1458). A chaplain bequeaths one book to St. Mary's Church, Bolton, another to St. Wilfrid's Church, Brensall in Craven, and a third to All Saints' Church, Peseholme, York (1466).
Sir Richard Willoughby orders church books and a Crede mihi to be given to Woollaton Parish Church (1469). Robert Est, possibly a chantry-priest in York Minster, enriches the parish church of his native Lincoln village, Brigsley, with a copy of Legends of the Saints, Speculum Christiani, Gesta Romanorum cum aliis fabulis Isopi et multis narrationibus, and a Psalter (1474-75). To the church of St.
Mary's, Nottingham, the vicar leaves a Golden Legend, a Polichronicon, besides Pupilla Oculi, and a portiforium to Wragby Church, and a missal to Snenton Church (1476). Sir Thomas Lyttleton befriends King's Norton Church by leaving it a Latin-English dictionary, and that of Halesowen in Worcestershire by leaving a Catholicon, the Constitutiones Provinciales (possibly Lyndwood's digest, the Provinciale), and the Gesta Romanorum (1481). A man of Leicester was sued by the church wardens of the parish church of Welford, in the county of Leicester, on a charge of having taken away certain books belonging to the church and{130} sold them (1490). The vicar of Ruddington bequeaths three books, "ad tenendum et ligandum cum cathena ferrea in quadam sede in capella B. M. de Rodington" (1491). Thomas Rotherham, benefactor of Cambridge University Library, gave to the church of Rochester ten pounds for building a library (1500). To Wetheringsett Church a chaplain of Bury carefully reserves "a book called Fasiculus Mors [Fasciculus morum], to lye in the chauncell, for priests to occupye ther tyme when it shall please them, praying them to have my soule in remembraunce as it shall please them of their charite" (1519).[330] A very little research would add considerably to our list; while, apart from records of gifts and bequests, are numberless references to books in churches. For example: in the churchwarden's account book (c. 1525) of All Saints, Derby, occurs an entry beginning: "These be the bokes in our lady Chapell tyed with chenes yt were gyffen to Alhaloes church in Derby— In primis one Boke called summa summarum.
Item A boke called Summa Raumundi [Summa poenitentia et matrimonio of Reymond de Pennaforte of Barcelona].
Item Anoyer called pupilla occuli [Pupilla oculi, by J. de Burgo].
Item Anoyer called the Sexte [Liber Sextus Decretalium].
Item A boke called Hugucyon [see pp. 223-4].
Item A boke called Vitas Patrum.
Item Anoyer boke called pauls pistols.
Item A boke called Januensis super evangeliis dominicalibus [Sermons of Jacobus de Voragine, Abp. of Genoa, on the Gospels for the Sundays throughout the year].
Item a grette portuose [a large breviary].{131} Item Anoyer boke called Legenda Aurea [Legenda sanctorum aurea


. The act of punishing.

2. Any pain, suffering, or loss inflicted on a person because of a crime or offense.

 I never gave them condign punishment.

Shak.
 The rewards and punishments of another life.

Locke.
3. (Law) A penalty inflicted by a court of justice on a convicted offender as a just retribution, and incidentally for the purposes of reformation and prevention.

 Pu*ni"tion (?), n. [L. punitio: cf. F. punition. See Punish.] Punishment. [R.] Mir. for Mag.
 Pu"ni*tive (?), a. Of or pertaining to punishment; involving, awarding, or inflicting punishment; as, punitive law or justice.

 If death be punitive, so, likewise, is the necessity imposed upon man of toiling for his subsistence.

 I. Taylor.
 We shall dread a blow from the punitive hand.

Bagehot.
 Pu"ni*to*ry (?), a. Punishing; tending to punishment; punitive.

 God... may make moral evil, as well as natural, at the same time both prudential and punitory.

A. Tucker.
 Punk (?), n. [Cf. Spunk.] 1. Wood so decayed as to be dry, crumbly, and useful for tinder; touchwood.

2. A fungus (Polyporus fomentarius, etc.) sometimes dried for tinder; agaric.

3. An artificial tinder. See Amadou, and Spunk.

4. A prostitute; a strumpet. [Obsoles.] Shak.
 ||Pun"ka (?), n. [Hind. pankh fan.] A machine for fanning a room, usually a movable fanlike frame covered with canvas, and suspended from the ceiling. It is kept in motion by pulling a cord. [Hindostan] [Written also punkah.] Malcom.
 Pun"kin (?), n. A pumpkin. [Colloq. U. S.]

 Punk"ling (?), n. A young strumpet. [Obs.]

 Pun"ner (?), n. A punster. Beau. & Fl.
 Pun"net (?), n. [Cf. Ir. buinne a shoot, branch.] A broad, shallow basket, for displaying fruit or flowers.

 Pun*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Pun + - logy.] The art or practice of punning; paronomasia. [R.] Pope.
 Pun"ster (?), n. One who puns, or is skilled in, or given to, punning; a quibbler; a low wit.

 Punt (?), v. i. [F. ponter, or It. puntare, fr. L. punctum point. See Point.] To play at basset, baccara, faro. or omber; to gamble.

 She heard... of his punting at gaming tables.

Thackeray.
 Punt, n. Act of playing at basset, baccara, faro, etc.

 Punt, n. [AS., fr. L. ponto punt, pontoon. See Pontoon.] (Naut.)
 A flat-bottomed boat with square ends. It is adapted for use in shallow waters.

 Punt, v. t. 1. To propel, as a boat in shallow water, by pushing with a pole against the bottom; to push or propel (anything) with exertion. Livingstone.
2. (Football) To kick (the ball) before it touches the ground, when let fall from the hands.

 Punt, n. (Football) The act of punting the ball.

 Punt"er (?), n.[Cf. F. ponte. See Punt, v. t.] One who punts; specifically, one who plays against the banker or dealer, as in baccara and faro. Hoyle.
 Punt"er, n. One who punts a football; also, one who propels a punt.

 { Pun"til (?), Pun"tel (?) }, n. (Glass Making) See Pontee.

 Pun"to (?), n. [It. punto, L. punctum point. See Point.] (Fencing) A point or hit.

||Punto diritto [It.], a direct stroke or hit. -- ||Punto reverso [It. riverso reverse], a backhanded stroke. Halliwell.
 "Ah, the immortal passado! the punto reverso!" Shak.
 Pun"ty (?), n. (Glass Making) See Pontee.

 Pu"ny (?), a. [Compar. Punier (?); superl. Puniest.]
 [F. puîté younger, later born, OF. puisné; puis afterwards (L. post; see Post-) + né born, L. natus. See Natal, and cf. Puisne.] Imperfectly developed in size or vigor; small and feeble; inferior; petty.

 A puny subject strikes at thy great glory.

Shak.
 Breezes laugh to scorn our puny speed.

Keble.
 Pu"ny (?), n. A youth; a novice. [R.] Fuller.
 Puoy (?), n. Same as Poy, n., 3.

 Pup (?), n. [See Puppy.] (Zoöl.) (a) A young dog; a puppy. (b) a young seal.

 Pup, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pupped (?); p. pr. & vb.
 n. Pupping.] To bring forth whelps or young, as the female of the canine species.

 Pu"pa (?), n.; pl. L. Pup&?; (#), E. Pupas (#). [L. pupa girl. doll, puppet, fem. of pupus. Cf. Puppet.]
 1. (Zoöl.) Any insect in that stage of its metamorphosis which usually immediately precedes the adult, or imago, stage.

 Among insects belonging to the higher orders, as the Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, the pupa is inactive and takes no food; in the lower orders it is active and takes food, and differs little from the imago except in the rudimentary state of the sexual organs, and of the wings in those that have wings when adult. The term pupa is sometimes applied to other invertebrates in analogous stages of development.

2. (Zoöl.) A genus of airbreathing land snails having an elongated spiral shell.

Coarctate, or Obtected, pupa, a pupa which is incased in the dried-up skin of the larva, as in many Diptera. -- Masked pupa, a pupa whose limbs are bound down and partly concealed by a chitinous covering, as in Lepidoptera.

 Pu"pal (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to a pupa, or the condition of a pupa.

 Pu"pate (?), v. i. (Zoöl.) To become a pupa.

 Pu*pa"tion (?), n. (Zoöl.) the act of becoming a pupa.

 Pupe (?), n. [F.] (Zoöl.) A pupa.

 Pu*pe"lo (?), n. Cider brandy. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett.
 Pu*pig"er*ous, a. [Pupa + - gerous.] (Zoöl.)
 Bearing or containing a pupa; -- said of dipterous larvæ which do not molt when the pupa is formed within them.

 Pu"pil (?), n. [F. pupille, n. fem., L. pupilla the pupil of the eye, originally dim. of pupa a girl. See Puppet, and cf. Pupil a scholar.] (Anat.) The aperture in the iris; the sight, apple, or black of the eye. See the Note under Eye, and Iris.

Pin-hole pupil (Med.), the pupil of the eye when so contracted (as it sometimes


), a. Of or pertaining to synchronism; arranged according to correspondence in time; as, synchronistic tables.

 Syn'chro*ni*za"tion (?), n. The act of synchronizing; concurrence of events in respect to time.

 Syn"chro*nize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Synchronized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Synchronizing (?).] [Gr. &?;.] To agree in time; to be simultaneous.

 The path of this great empire, through its arch of progress, synchronized with that of Christianity.

De Quincey.
 Syn"chro*nize, v. t. 1. To assign to the same date or period of time; as, to synchronize two events of Greek and Roman history.
 "Josephus synchronizes Nisan with the Egyptian Pharmus." W. L. Bevan.
2. To cause to agree in time; as, to synchronize the movements of different machines; to synchronize clocks.

 Syn'chro*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Pref. syn- + Gr. &?; time + -logy.] Contemporaneous chronology.

 Syn"chro*nous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; sy'n with + &?; time. Cf.
 Chronicle.] Happening at the same time; simultaneous. -- Syn"chro*nous*ly, adv.
 Syn"chro*ny (?), n. The concurrence of events in time; synchronism.
 [R.]

 Geological contemporaneity is the same as chronological synchrony.

Huxley.
 ||Syn"chy*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to confound; sy'n with + &?; to pour.] A derangement or confusion of any kind, as of words in a sentence, or of humors in the eye.

Sparkling synchysis (Med.), a condition in which the vitreous humor is softened and contains sparkling scales of cholesterin.

 Syn*clas"tic (?), a. [Pref. syn- + Gr. kla^n to break.] (Math.
 Physics) Curved toward the same side in all directions; -- said of surfaces which in all directions around any point bend away from a tangent plane toward the same side, as the surface of a sphere; -- opposed to anticlastic. Sir W. Thomson.
 Syn*cli"nal (?), a. [Gr. &?; to incline together; sy'n with + &?; to incline.] 1. Inclined downward from opposite directions, so as to meet in a common point or line.

2. (Geol.) Formed by strata dipping toward a common line or plane; as, a synclinal trough or valley; a synclinal fold; -- opposed to anticlinal.

 A downward flexure in the case of folded rocks makes a synclinal axis, and the alternating upward flexure an anticlinal axis.

 Syn*cli"nal, n. (Geol.) A synclinal fold.

 Syn*cline" (?), n. (Geol.) A synclinal fold.

 Syn*clin"ic*al (?), a. Synclinal. [R.]

 ||Syn'cli*no"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Synclinoria (#).
 [NL., fr. Gr. &?; to lay together + &?; mountain.] (Geol.)
 A mountain range owing its origin to the progress of a geosynclinal, and ending in a catastrophe of displacement and upturning. Dana.
 Syn"co*pal (?), a. Of or pertaining to syncope; resembling syncope.

 Syn"co*pate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Syncopated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Syncopating.] [LL. syncopatus, p. p. of syncopare to syncopate, to swoon. See Syncope.] 1. (Gram.) To contract, as a word, by taking one or more letters or syllables from the middle; as, "Gloster" is a syncopated form of "Gloucester."

2. (Mus.) To commence, as a tone, on an unaccented part of a measure, and continue it into the following accented part, so that the accent is driven back upon the weak part and the rhythm drags.

 Syn'co*pa"tion (?), n. 1. (Gram.) The act of syncopating; the contraction of a word by taking one or more letters or syllables from the middle; syncope.

2. (Mus.) The act of syncopating; a peculiar figure of rhythm, or rhythmical alteration, which consists in welding into one tone the second half of one beat with the first half of the beat which follows.

 Syn"co*pe (?), n. [L. syncope, syncopa, Gr. &?; a cutting up, a syncope; akin to &?; to beat together, to cut up, cut short, weavy; sy'n with + &?; to strike, cut.] 1. (Gram.)
 An elision or retrenchment of one or more letters or syllables from the middle of a word; as, ne'er for never, ev'ry for every.

2. (Mus.) Same as Syncopation.

3. (Med.) A fainting, or swooning. See Fainting.

4. A pause or cessation; suspension. [R.]

 Revely, and dance, and show, Suffer a syncope and solemn pause.

Cowper.
 Syn"co*pist (?), n. One who syncopates. Addison.
 Syn"co*pize (?), v. t. To syncopate.

 Syn*cot'y*led"on*ous (?), a. [Pref. syn- + cotyledonous.]
 (Bot.) Having united cotyledonous.

 Syn*cret"ic (?), a. Uniting and blending together different systems, as of philosophy, morals, or religion. Smart.
 Syn"cre*tism (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to make two parties join against a third: cf. F. syncrétisme.] Attempted union of principles or parties irreconcilably at variance with each other.

 He is plotting a carnal syncretism, and attempting the reconcilement of Christ and Belial.

Baxter.
Syncretism is opposed to eclecticism in philosophy.

Krauth-Fleming.
 Syn"cre*tist (?), n. [Cf. F. syncrétiste.] One who attempts to unite principles or parties which are irreconcilably at variance; specifically (Eccl. Hist.), an adherent of George Calixtus and other Germans of the seventeenth century, who sought to unite or reconcile the Protestant sects with each other and with the Roman Catholics, and thus occasioned a long and violent controversy in the Lutheran church.

 Syn'cre*tis"tic (?), a. 1. Pertaining to, or characterized by, syncretism; as, a syncretistic mixture of the service of Jehovah and the worship of idols.

2. Of or pertaining to Syncretists.

 ||Syn"cri*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a comparison; &?; together + &?; to judge.] (Rhet.) A figure of speech in which opposite things or persons are compared. Crabb.
 ||Syn*cy"ti*um (?), n.; pl. Syncitia (#). [NL., from Gr. &?; together + &?; a hollow vessel.] 1. (Biol.)
 Tissue in which the cell or partition walls are wholly wanting and the cell bodies fused together, so that the tissue consists of a continuous mass of protoplasm in which nuclei are imbedded, as in ordinary striped muscle.

2. (Zoöl.) The ectoderm of a sponge.

 Syn*dac"tyle (?), n. [Pref. syn- + Gr. &?; finger, toe: cf. F. syndactyle.] (Zoöl.) Any bird having syndactilous feet.

 Syn*dac*tyl"ic (?), a. (Zoöl.) Syndactilous.


the United States are almost universally used.

Wagon boiler. See the Note under Boiler, 3. — Wagon ceiling (Arch.), a semicircular, or wagon-headed, arch or ceiling; — sometimes used also of a ceiling whose section is polygonal instead of semicircular. — Wagon master, an officer or person in charge of one or more wagons, especially of those used for transporting freight, as the supplies of an army, and the like. — Wagon shoe, a skid, or shoe, for retarding the motion of a wagon wheel; a drag. — Wagon vault.
 (Arch.) See under 1st Vault.

 Wag"on (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wagoned (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Wagoning.] To transport in a wagon or wagons; as, goods are wagoned from city to city.

 Wag"on, v. i. To wagon goods as a business; as, the man wagons between Philadelphia and its suburbs.

 Wag"on*age (?), n. 1. Money paid for carriage or conveyance in wagon.

2. A collection of wagons; wagons, collectively.

Wagonage, provender, and a piece or two of cannon.

Carlyle.
 Wag"on*er (?), n. 1. One who conducts a wagon; one whose business it is to drive a wagon.

2. (Astron.) The constellation Charles's Wain, or Ursa Major. See Ursa major, under Ursa.

 Wag'on*ette" (?), n. A kind of pleasure wagon, uncovered and with seats extended along the sides, designed to carry six or eight persons besides the driver.

 Wag"on*ful (?), n.; pl. Wagonfuls (&?;). As much as a wagon will hold; enough to fill a wagon; a wagonload.

 Wag"on-head'ed (?), a. Having a top, or head, shaped like the top of a covered wagon, or resembling in section or outline an inverted U, thus &?;; as, a wagonheaded ceiling.

 Wag"on*load' (?), n. Same as Wagonful.

 Wag"on-roofed' (?), a. Having a roof, or top, shaped like an inverted U; wagonheaded.

 Wag"on*ry (?), n. Conveyance by means of a wagon or wagons. [Obs.]
 Milton.
 Wag"on*wright' (?), n. One who makes wagons.

 Wag"tail' (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of many species of Old World singing birds belonging to Motacilla and several allied genera of the family Motacillidæ. They have the habit of constantly jerking their long tails up and down, whence the name.

Field wagtail, any one of several species of wagtails of the genus Budytes having the tail shorter, the legs longer, and the hind claw longer and straighter, than do the water wagtails. Most of the species are yellow beneath. Called also yellow wagtail. — Garden wagtail, the Indian black-breasted wagtail (Nemoricola Indica). — Pied wagtail, the common European water wagtail (Motacilla lugubris).
 It is variegated with black and white. The name is applied also to other allied species having similar colors. Called also pied dishwasher.
 — Wagtail flycatcher, a true flycatcher (Sauloprocta motacilloides) common in Southern Australia, where it is very tame, and frequents stock yards and gardens and often builds its nest about houses; — called also black fantail. — Water wagtail. (a) Any one of several species of wagtails of the restricted genus Motacilla.
 They live chiefly on the shores of ponds and streams. (b) The American water thrush. See Water thrush. — Wood wagtail, an Asiatic wagtail; (Calobates sulphurea) having a slender bill and short legs.

 Wah (wä), n. (Zoöl.) The panda.

 Wa*ha"bee (?), n. [Ar. wahbi.] A follower of Abdel Wahab (b. 1691; d. 1787), a reformer of Mohammedanism. His doctrines prevail particularly among the Bedouins, and the sect, though checked in its influence, extends to most parts of Arabia, and also into India. [Written also Wahaby.]

 Waid (?), a. [For weighed.] Oppressed with weight; crushed; weighed down. [Obs.] Tusser.
 Waif (?), n. [OF. waif, gaif, as adj., lost, unclaimed, chose gaive a waif, LL. wayfium, res vaivae; of Scand. origin. See Waive.]

1. (Eng. Law.) Goods found of which the owner is not known; originally, such goods as a pursued thief threw away to prevent being apprehended, which belonged to the king unless the owner made pursuit of the felon, took him, and brought him to justice. Blackstone.
2. Hence, anything found, or without an owner; that which comes along, as it were, by chance. "Rolling in his mind old waifs of rhyme." Tennyson.
3. A wanderer; a castaway; a stray; a homeless child.

 A waif Desirous to return, and not received.

Cowper.
 Waift (?), n. A waif. [Obs.] Spenser.
 Wail (?), v. t. [Cf. Icel. val choice, velja to choose, akin to Goth. waljan, G. wählen.] To choose; to select. [Obs.] "Wailed wine and meats." Henryson.
 Wail, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wailing.] [OE. wailen, weilen, probably fr. Icel.
 væla; cf. Icel. væ, vei, woe, and E. wayment, also OE. wai, wei, woe. Cf. Woe.] To lament; to bewail; to grieve over; as, to wail one's death. Shak.
 Wail, v. i. To express sorrow audibly; to make mournful outcry; to weep.

 Therefore I will wail and howl.

Micah i. 8.
 Wail, n. Loud weeping; violent lamentation; wailing. "The wail of the forest." Longfellow.
 Wail"er (?), n. One who wails or laments.

 Wail"er*ess (?), n. A woman who wails. [Obs.]

 Wail"ful (?), a. Sorrowful; mournful. " Like wailful widows." Spenser. "Wailful sonnets." Shak.
 Wail"ing*ly, adv. In a wailing manner.

 Wail"ment (?), n. Lamentation; loud weeping; wailing. [Obs.] Bp.
 Hacket.
 Wai"ment (?). v. & n. See Wayment. [Obs.]

 Wain (?), n. [OE. wain, AS. wægn; akin to D.
 & G. wagen, OHG. wagan, Icel. & Sw. vagn, Dan. vogn, and E. way. &?;&?;&?;&?;.
 See Way, Weigh, and cf. Wagon.]

1. A four-wheeled vehicle for the transportation of goods, produce, etc.; a wagon.

 The wardens see nothing but a wain of hay.

Jeffrey.
 Driving in ponderous wains their household goods to the seashore.

Longfellow.
2. A chariot. [Obs.]

The Wain. (Astron.) See Charles's Wain, in the Vocabulary.
 — Wain rope, a cart rope. Shak.
 Wain"a*ble (?), a. Cap


." Byron.
To tear a cat, to rant violently; to rave; — especially applied to theatrical ranting. [Obs.] Shak. — To tear down, to demolish violently; to pull or pluck down. — To tear off, to pull off by violence; to strip. — To tear out, to pull or draw out by violence; as, to tear out the eyes. — To tear up, to rip up; to remove from a fixed state by violence; as, to tear up a floor; to tear up the foundation of government or order.

 Tear (?), v. i. 1. To divide or separate on being pulled; to be rent; as, this cloth tears easily.

2. To move and act with turbulent violence; to rush with violence; hence, to rage; to rave.

 Tear (?), n. The act of tearing, or the state of being torn; a rent; a fissure. Macaulay.
Wear and tear. See under Wear, n. Tear"er (?), n. One who tears or rends anything; also, one who rages or raves with violence.

 Tear"-fall'ing (?), a. Shedding tears; tender. [Poetic] "Tear-falling pity." Shak.
 Tear"ful (?), a. Abounding with tears; weeping; shedding tears; as, tearful eyes. — Tear"ful*ly, adv. — Tear"ful*ness, n. Tear"less, a. Shedding no tears; free from tears; unfeeling. — Tear"less*ly, adv. — Tear"less*ness, n. Tear"pit' (?), n. (Anat.) A cavity or pouch beneath the lower eyelid of most deer and antelope; the lachrymal sinus; larmier. It is capable of being opened at pleasure and secretes a waxy substance.

 Tear"-thumb' (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to several species of plants of the genus Polygonum, having angular stems beset with minute reflexed prickles.

 Tear"y (?), a. 1. Wet with tears; tearful.

2. Consisting of tears, or drops like tears.

 Tea"-sau'cer (?), n. A small saucer in which a teacup is set.

 Tease (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Teased (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Teasing.] [AS. t&?;san to pluck, tease; akin to OD. teesen, MHG. zeisen, Dan. tæse, tæsse.
 √58. Cf. Touse.] 1. To comb or card, as wool or flax. "Teasing matted wool." Wordsworth.
2. To stratch, as cloth, for the purpose of raising a nap; teasel.

3. (Anat.) To tear or separate into minute shreds, as with needles or similar instruments.

4. To vex with importunity or impertinence; to harass, annoy, disturb, or irritate by petty requests, or by jests and raillery; to plague. Cowper.
 He... suffered them to tease him into acts directly opposed to his strongest inclinations.

Macaulay.
Syn. — To vex; harass: annoy; disturb; irritate; plague; torment; mortify; tantalize; chagrin. — Tease, Vex. To tease is literally to pull or scratch, and implies a prolonged annoyance in respect to little things, which is often more irritating, and harder to bear, than severe pain. Vex meant originally to seize and bear away hither and thither, and hence, to disturb; as, to vex the ocean with storms.
 This sense of the term now rarely occurs; but vex is still a stronger word than tease, denoting the disturbance or anger created by minor provocations, losses, disappointments, etc. We are teased by the buzzing of a fly in our eyes; we are vexed by the carelessness or stupidity of our servants.

 Not by the force of carnal reason, But indefatigable teasing.

Hudibras.
 In disappointments, where the affections have been strongly placed, and the expectations sanguine, particularly where the agency of others is concerned, sorrow may degenerate into vexation and chagrin.

Cogan.
Tease tenon (Joinery), a long tenon at the top of a post to receive two beams crossing each other one above the other.

 Tease (?), n. One who teases or plagues. [Colloq.]

 Tea"sel (?), n. [OE. tesel, AS. t&?;sel, t&?;sl, the fuller's herb. See Tease.] [Written also tassel, tazel, teasle, teazel, and teazle.] 1. (Bot.)
 A plant of the genus Dipsacus, of which one species (D. fullonum) bears a large flower head covered with stiff, prickly, hooked bracts. This flower head, when dried, is used for raising a nap on woolen cloth.

 Small teasel is Dipsacus pilosus, wild teasel is D. sylvestris.

2. A bur of this plant.

3. Any contrivance intended as a substitute for teasels in dressing cloth.

Teasel frame, a frame or set of iron bars in which teasel heads are fixed for raising the nap on woolen cloth.

 Tea"sel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Teaseled (?) or Teaselled; p. pr. & vb. n. Teaseling or Teaselling.] To subject, as woolen cloth, to the action of teasels, or any substitute for them which has an effect to raise a nap.

 Tea"sel*er (?), n. One who uses teasels for raising a nap on cloth.
 [Written also teaseller, teasler.]

 Tea"sel*ing, n. The cutting and gathering of teasels; the use of teasels. [Written also teaselling, teazling.]

 Teas"er (?), n. 1. One who teases or vexes.

2. (Zoöl.) A jager gull. [Prov. Eng.]

 Tea"sle (?), n. & v. t. See Teasel.

 Tea"spoon' (t"spn'), n. A small spoon used in stirring and sipping tea, coffee, etc., and for other purposes.

 Tea"spoon'ful (?), n.; pl. Teaspoonfuls (&?;). As much as teaspoon will hold; enough to fill a teaspoon; — usually reckoned at a fluid dram or one quarter of a tablespoonful.

 Teat (?), n. [OE. tete, titte, AS. tit, titt; akin to LG. & OD. titte, D. tet, G. zitze: cf. F. tette, probably of Teutonic origin.] 1. The protuberance through which milk is drawn from the udder or breast of a mammal; a nipple; a pap; a mammilla; a dug; a tit.

2. (Mach.) A small protuberance or nozzle resembling the teat of an animal.

 Teat"ed, a. Having protuberances resembling the teat of an animal.

 Teathe (?), n. & v. See Tath. [Prov. Eng.]

 Teat"ish (?), a. Peevish; tettish; fretful; — said of a child. See Tettish. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
 Teaze"-hole' (?), n. [Corrupted fr. F. tisard fire door.] (Glass Works) The opening in the furnaces through which fuel is introduced.

 Tea"zel (?), n. & v. t. See Teasel.

 Tea"zer (?), n. [Corrupted fr. F. tiser to feed a fire.] The stoker or fireman of a furnace,


there. Coleridge.
 Ban"quet, v. i. 1. To regale one's self with good eating and drinking; to feast.

 Were it a draught for Juno when she banquets, I would not taste thy treasonous offer. Milton.
2. To partake of a dessert after a feast. [Obs.]

 Where they did both sup and banquet. Cavendish.
 Ban"quet*er (b"kwt*r), n. One who banquets; one who feasts or makes feasts.

 Ban*quette" (b*kt"), n. [F. See Banquet, n.] 1. (Fort.)
 A raised way or foot bank, running along the inside of a parapet, on which musketeers stand to fire upon the enemy.

2. (Arch.) A narrow window seat; a raised shelf at the back or the top of a buffet or dresser.

 { Ban"shee, Ban"shie } (&?;), n. [Gael. bean-shith fairy; Gael. & Ir. bean woman + Gael. sith fairy.] A supernatural being supposed by the Irish and Scotch peasantry to warn a family of the speedy death of one of its members, by wailing or singing in a mournful voice under the windows of the house.

 Ban"stic'kle (&?;), n. [OE. ban, bon, bone + stickle prickle, sting. See Bone, n., Stickleback.] (Zoöl.) A small fish, the three-spined stickleback.

 Ban"tam (&?;), n. A variety of small barnyard fowl, with feathered legs, probably brought from Bantam, a district of Java.

 Ban"tam work'. Carved and painted work in imitation of Japan ware.

 ||Ban"teng (&?;), n. (Zoöl.) The wild ox of Java (Bibos Banteng).

 Ban"ter (&?;), v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Bantered(&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Bantering.] [Prob. corrupted fr. F. badiner to joke, or perh. fr. E. bandy to beat to and fro. See Badinage, and cf. Barter fr. OF. barater.]

1. To address playful good-natured ridicule to, -- the person addressed, or something pertaining to him, being the subject of the jesting; to rally; as, he bantered me about my credulity.

 Hag-ridden by my own fancy all night, and then bantered on my haggard looks the next day. W. Irving.
2. To jest about; to ridicule in speaking of, as some trait, habit, characteristic, and the like. [Archaic] If they banter your regularity, order, and love of study, banter in return their neglect of them. Chatham.
3. To delude or trick, -- esp. by way of jest. [Obs.]

 We diverted ourselves with bantering several poor scholars with hopes of being at least his lordship's chaplain. De Foe.
4. To challenge or defy to a match. [Colloq. Southern and Western U.S.]

 Ban"ter, n. The act of bantering; joking or jesting; humorous or good-humored raillery; pleasantry.

 Part banter, part affection. Tennyson.
 Ban"ter*er (&?;), n. One who banters or rallies.

 Ban"ting*ism (&?;), n. A method of reducing corpulence by avoiding food containing much farinaceous, saccharine, or oily matter; -- so called from William Banting of London.

 Bant"ling (&?;), n. [Prob. for bandling, from band, and meaning a child wrapped in swaddling bands; or cf. G. bäntling a bastard, fr. bank bench. Cf. Bastard, n.] A young or small child; an infant. [Slightly contemptuous or depreciatory.]

 In what out of the way corners genius produces her bantlings.
W. Irving.
 Banx"ring (&?;), n. (Zoöl.) An East Indian insectivorous mammal of the genus Tupaia.

 Ban"yan (&?;), n. [See Banian.] (Bot.) A tree of the same genus as the common fig, and called the Indian fig (Ficus Indica), whose branches send shoots to the ground, which take root and become additional trunks, until it may be the tree covers some acres of ground and is able to shelter thousands of men.

 Ba"o*bab (&?;), n. [The native name.] (Bot.) A gigantic African tree (Adansonia digitata), also naturalized in India. See Adansonia.

 Baph"o*met (&?;), n. [A corruption of Mahomet or Mohammed, the Arabian prophet: cf. Pr. Bafomet, OSp. Mafomat, OPg. Mafameda.]
 An idol or symbolical figure which the Templars were accused of using in their mysterious rites.

 Bap"tism (&?;), n. [OE. baptim, baptem, OE. baptesme, batisme, F. baptême, L. baptisma, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to baptize, fr. &?; to dip in water, akin to &?; deep, Skr. gh to dip, bathe, v. i.] The act of baptizing; the application of water to a person, as a sacrament or religious ceremony, by which he is initiated into the visible church of Christ. This is performed by immersion, sprinkling, or pouring.

 Bap*tis"mal (&?;), a. [Cf. F. baptismal.] Pertaining to baptism; as, baptismal vows.

Baptismal name, the Christian name, which is given at baptism.

 Bap*tis"mal*ly, adv. In a baptismal manner.

 Bap"tist (&?;), n. [L. baptista, G. &?;] 1. One who administers baptism; -- specifically applied to John, the forerunner of Christ. Milton.
2. One of a denomination of Christians who deny the validity of infant baptism and of sprinkling, and maintain that baptism should be administered to believers alone, and should be by immersion. See Anabaptist.

 In doctrine the Baptists of this country [the United States] are Calvinistic, but with much freedom and moderation. Amer. Cyc.
Freewill Baptists, a sect of Baptists who are Arminian in doctrine, and practice open communion. -- Seventhday Baptists, a sect of Baptists who keep the seventh day of the week, or Saturday, as the Sabbath. See Sabbatarian. The Dunkers and Campbellites are also Baptists.

 { Bap"tis*ter*y (&?;), Bap"tis*try } (&?;), n.; pl.
Baptisteries (&?;), -tries (&?;). [L. baptisterium, Gr. &?;: cf. F. baptistère.] (Arch.) (a) In early times, a separate building, usually polygonal, used for baptismal services. Small churches were often changed into baptisteries when larger churches were built near. (b) A part of a church containing a font and used for baptismal services.

 Bap*tis"tic (&?;), a. [Gr. &?;] Of or for baptism; baptismal.

 Bap*tis"tic*al (&?;), a. Baptistic. [R.]

 Bap*tiz"a*ble (&?;), a. Capable of being baptized; fit to be baptized. Baxter.
 Bap'ti*za"tion (&?;), n. Baptism. [Obs.]


a manor, or of land; the owner of land or houses which he leases to a tenant or tenants.

2. The master of an inn or of a lodging house.

 Upon our arrival at the inn, my companion fetched out the jolly landlord.

Addison.
 Land"lord'ism (?), n. The state of being a landlord; the characteristics of a landlord; specifically, in Great Britain, the relation of landlords to tenants, especially as regards leased agricultural lands. J. S. Mill.
 Land"lord'ry (?), n. The state of a landlord. [Obs.]

 Land"loup'er (?), n. [D. landlooper, lit., landrunner; land land + loopen to run. See Land, and Leap.] A vagabond; a vagrant. [Written also landleaper and landloper.] "Bands of landloupers." Moltey.
 Land"loup'ing, a. Vagrant; wandering about.

 Land"lub'ber (?), n. [Prop. fr. land + lubber, or possibly corrupted fr. laudlouper.] (Naut.) One who passes his life on land; -- so called among seamen in contempt or ridicule.

 Land"man (?), n.; pl. Landmen (&?;). 1. A man who lives or serves on land; -- opposed to seaman.

2. (Eng.) An occupier of land. Cowell.
 Land"mark' (?), n. [AS. landmearc. See Land, and Mark a sign.] 1. A mark to designate the boundary of land; any mark or fixed object (as a marked tree, a stone, a ditch, or a heap of stones) by which the limits of a farm, a town, or other portion of territory may be known and preserved.

2. Any conspicuous object on land that serves as a guide; some prominent object, as a hill or steeple.

Landmarks of history, important events by which eras or conditions are determined.

 Land"own'er (?), n. An owner of land.

 Land"own'ing, n. The owning of land. -- a. Having property in land; of or pertaining to landowners.

 Land"-poor' (?), a. Pecuniarily embarrassed through owning much unprofitable land. [Colloq.]

 Land"reeve' (?), n. [Land + reeve an officer.] A subordinate officer on an extensive estate, who acts as an assistant to the steward.

 Land"scape (?), n. [Formerly written also landskip.] [D. landschap; land land + - schap, equiv. to E. -schip; akin to G. landschaft, Sw. landskap, Dan. landskab. See Land, and -schip.] 1. A portion of land or territory which the eye can comprehend in a single view, including all the objects it contains.

2. A picture representing a scene by land or sea, actual or fancied, the chief subject being the general aspect of nature, as fields, hills, forests, water. etc.

3. The pictorial aspect of a country.

 The landscape of his native country had taken hold on his heart.

Macaulay.
Landscape gardening, The art of laying out grounds and arranging trees, shrubbery, etc., in such a manner as to produce a picturesque effect.

 Land"scap'ist (?), n. A painter of landscapes.

 Land"skip (?), n. [See Landscape.] A landscape. [Obs. except in poetry.]

 Straight my eye hath caught new pleasures, Whilst the landskip round it measures.

Milton.
 { Land"slip' (?), Land"slide' (?), } n. 1. The slipping down of a mass of land from a mountain, hill, etc.

2. The land which slips down.

 Lands"man (?), n.; pl. Landsmen (#). 1. One who lives on the land; -- opposed to seaman.

2. (Naut.) A sailor on his first voyage.

 Land"streight' (?), n. [See Strait.] A narrow strip of land. [Obs.]

 ||Land"sturm' (?), n. [G. See Land, and Storm.] That part of the reserve force in Germany which is called out last.

 ||Land"tag' (?), n. [G. See Land, and Day.] The diet or legislative body; as, the Landtag of Prussia.

 Land"wait'er (?), n. See Landing waiter, under Landing, a. Land"ward (?), adv. & a. Toward the land.

 ||Land"wehr' (?), n. [G., fr. land land, country + wehr defense.] That part of the army, in Germany and Austria, which has completed the usual military service and is exempt from duty in time of peace, except that it is called out occasionally for drill.

 Lane (?), a. [See Lone.] Alone. [Scot.]

His lane, by himself; himself alone.

 Lane (?), n. [OE. lane, lone, AS. lone, lone; akin to D. laan, OFries. lana, lona.] A passageway between fences or hedges which is not traveled as a highroad; an alley between buildings; a narrow way among trees, rocks, and other natural obstructions; hence, in a general sense, a narrow passageway; as, a lane between lines of men, or through a field of ice.

 It is become a turn-again lane unto them which they can not go through.

Tyndale.
 Lang (?), a. & adv. Long. [Obs. or Scot.]

 Lan"ga*ha (?), n. (Zoöl.) A curious colubriform snake of the genus Xyphorhynchus, from Madagascar. It is brownish red, and its nose is prolonged in the form of a sharp blade.

 Lan'ga*rey" (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of numerous species of long-winged, shrikelike birds of Australia and the East Indies, of the genus Artamus, and allied genera; called also wood swallow.

 Lan"gate (?), n. (Surg.) A linen roller used in dressing wounds.

 Lang"dak' (?), n. (Zoöl.) A wolf (Canis pallipes), found in India, allied to the jackal.

 { Lan"grage (?), Lan"grel (?), } n. A kind of shot formerly used at sea for tearing sails and rigging. It consisted of bolts, nails, and other pieces of iron fastened together or inclosed in a canister.

 Lan"gret (?), n. A kind of loaded die. [Obs.]

 Lan"gridge (?), n. See Langrage. [Sometimes compounded with shot.]

 Lang'syne" (?), adv. & n. [Scot. lang long + syne since.] Long since; long ago. [Scot.]

 Lang'ter*a*loo" (?), n. [See Loo.] An old game at cards. See Loo (a).
 Tatler.
 Lan"guage (?), n. [OE. langage, F. langage, fr. L. lingua the tongue, hence speech, language; akin to E. tongue. See Tongue, cf. Lingual.]

1. Any means of conveying or communicating ideas; specifically, human speech; the expression of ideas by the voice; sounds, expressive of thought, articulated by the organs of the throat and mouth.

Language consists in the oral utterance of sounds which usage has made the representatives of ideas. When two or more persons customarily annex the same sounds to the same ideas, the expression of these sounds by one person communicates his ideas to another. This is the primary sense of language, the use of which is to communicate the thoughts of one person to another through the organs of hearing. Articulate


used to intensify negatives; thus, 'k-evil', 'k-lame', 'k-screwed', and 'k-annoying'. Overuse of this prefix, or use in more formal or technical contexts, is considered an indicator of lamer status.
Node:kahuna, Next:kamikaze packet, Previous:k-, Up:= K = kahuna /k*-hoo'n*/ n.
[IBM: from the Hawaiian title for a shaman] Synonym for wizard, guru.
Node:kamikaze packet, Next:kangaroo code, Previous:kahuna, Up:= K = kamikaze packet n. The 'official' jargon for what is more commonly called a Christmas tree packet.
RFC-1025, "TCP and IP Bake Off" says: 10 points for correctly being able to process a "Kamikaze" packet (AKA nastygram, christmas tree packet, lamp test segment, et al.). That is, correctly handle a segment with the maximum combination of features at once (e.g., a SYN URG PUSH FIN segment with options and data).
See also Chernobyl packet.
Node:kangaroo code, Next:ken, Previous:kamikaze packet, Up:= K = kangaroo code n. Syn. spaghetti code.
Node:ken, Next:kernel-of-the-week club, Previous:kangaroo code, Up:= K = ken /ken/ n.
1. [Unix] Ken Thompson, principal inventor of Unix. In the early days he used to hand-cut distribution tapes, often with a note that read "Love, ken". Old-timers still use his first name (sometimes uncapitalized, because it's a login name and mail address) in third-person reference; it is widely understood (on Usenet, in particular) that without a last name 'Ken' refers only to Ken Thompson. Similarly, Dennis without last name means Dennis Ritchie (and he is often known as dmr). See also demigod, Unix.
2. A flaming user. This was originated by the Software Support group at Symbolics because the two greatest flamers in the user community were both named Ken.
Node:kernel-of-the-week club, Next:kgbvax, Previous:ken, Up:= K = kernel-of-the-week club The fictional society that BSD bigots claim [Linux] users belong to, alluding to the release-early-release-often style preferred by the kernel maintainers. See bazaar.
This was almost certainly inspired by the earlier bug-of-the-month club.
Node:kgbvax, Next:KIBO, Previous:kernel-of-the-week club, Up:= K = kgbvax /K-G-B'vaks/ n. See kremvax.
Node:KIBO, Next:kiboze, Previous:kgbvax, Up:= K = KIBO /ki:'boh/ 1. [acronym] Knowledge In, Bullshit Out. A summary of what happens whenever valid data is passed through an organization (or person) that deliberately or accidentally disregards or ignores its significance. Consider, for example, what an advertising campaign can do with a product's actual specifications. Compare GIGO; see also SNAFU principle. 2. James Parry , a Usenetter infamous for various surrealist net.pranks and an uncanny, machine-assisted knack for joining any thread in which his nom de guerre is mentioned. He has a website at _URL_
Node:kiboze, Next:kibozo, Previous:KIBO, Up:= K = kiboze v.
[Usenet] To grep the Usenet news for a string, especially with the intention of posting a follow-up. This activity was popularised by Kibo (see KIBO, sense 2).
Node:kibozo, Next:kick, Previous:kiboze, Up:= K = kibozo /ki:-boh'zoh/ n.
[Usenet] One who kibozes but is not Kibo (see KIBO, sense 2).
Node:kick, Next:kill file, Previous:kibozo, Up:= K = kick v.
1. [IRC] To cause somebody to be removed from a IRC channel, an option only available to channel ops. This is an extreme measure, often used to combat extreme flamage or flooding, but sometimes used at the CHOP's whim. Compare gun. 2. To reboot a machine or kill a running process. "The server's down, let me go kick it."
Node:kill file, Next:killer app, Previous:kick, Up:= K = kill file n.
[Usenet; very common] (alt. 'KILL file') Per-user file(s) used by some Usenet reading programs (originally Larry Wall's rn(1)) to discard summarily (without presenting for reading) articles matching some particularly uninteresting (or unwanted) patterns of subject, author, or other header lines. Thus to add a person (or subject) to one's kill file is to arrange for that person to be ignored by one's newsreader in future. By extension, it may be used for a decision to ignore the person or subject in other media. See also plonk.
Node:killer app, Next:killer micro, Previous:kill file, Up:= K = killer app The application that actually makes a sustaining market for a promising but under-utilized technology. First used in the mid-1980s to describe Lotus 1-2-3 once it became evident that demand for that product had been the major driver of the early business market for IBM PCs. The term was then restrospectively applied to VisiCalc, which had played a similar role in the success of the Apple II. After 1994 it became commonplace to describe the World Wide Web as the Internet's killer app. One of the standard questions asked about each new personal-computer technology as it emerges has become "what's the killer app?"
Node:killer micro, Next:killer poke, Previous:killer app, Up:= K = killer micro n.
[popularized by Eugene Brooks] A microprocessor-based machine that infringes on mini, mainframe, or supercomputer performance turf. Often heard in "No one will survive the attack of the killer micros!", the battle cry of the downsizers. Used esp. of RISC architectures.
The popularity of the phrase 'attack of the killer micros' is doubtless reinforced by the title of the movie "Attack Of The Killer Tomatoes" (one of the canonical examples of so-bad-it's-wonderful among hackers). This has even more flavor now that killer micros have gone on the offensive not just individually (in workstations) but in hordes (within massively parallel computers).
[1996 update: Eugene Brooks was right. Since this term first entered the Jargon File in 1990, the minicomputer has effectively vanished, the mainframe sector is in deep and apparently terminal decline (with IBM but a shadow of its former self), and even the supercomputer business has contracted into a smaller niche. It's networked killer micros as far as the eye can see. --ESR] Node:killer poke, Next:kilo-, Previous:killer micro, Up:= K = killer poke n. A recipe for inducing hardware damage on a machine via insertion of invalid values (see poke) into a memory-mapped control register; used esp. of various fairly well-known tricks on bitty boxes without hardware memory management (such as the IBM PC and Commodore PET) that can overload and trash analog electronics in the monitor. See also HCF.
Node:kilo-, Next:KIPS, Previous:killer poke, Up:= K = kilopref.
[SI] See quantifiers.
Node:KIPS, Next:KISS Principle, Previous:kilo-, Up:= K = KIPS /kips/ n.
[abbreviation, by analogy with MIPS using K] Thousands (not 1024s) of Instructions Per Second. Usage: rare.
Node:KISS Principle, Next:kit, Previous:KIPS, Up:= K = KISS Principle /kis' prin'si-pl/ n.
"Keep It Simple, Stupid". A maxim often invoked when discussing design to fend off creeping featurism and control development complexity. Possibly related to the marketroid maxim on sales presentations, "Keep It Short and Simple".
Node:kit, Next:klone, Previous:KISS Principle, Up:= K = kit n.
[Usenet


-woi'nen. The sower of the forests.
Pen'i-tar. A blind witch of Pohyola; and the mother of the dog.
Pik'ku Mies. The water-pigmy that felled the over-spreading oak-tree for Wainamoinen.
Pil'a-ya'tar (Pilaja'tar). The daughter of the Aspen; and the goddess of the Mountain-ash.
Pilt'ti. The maid-servant of Mariatta.
Pi'nmen-to'la. A province of Finland; another name for Pohyola.
Pi'nru. The same as Lempo, Jutas, and Hisi.
Pi'sa. A mountain of Finland.
Poh'ya (Poh'ja). An abbreviated form for Pohyola.
Poh-yo'la (Poh-jo'la). The Northland; Lapland.
Pok-ka'nen. The Frost, the son of Puhuri; a synonym of Tiera.
Puh-hu'ri. The North-wind; the father of Pakkanen.
Rem'men. The father of the hop-vine.
Re'mu. The same as Remmen.
Ru-o'tus. A persecutor of the Virgin Mariatta.
Rut'ya (Rut'ja). A waterfall of Northland.
Sah'ri (Saari). The home of Kyllikki.
Sam'po. The jewel that Ilmarinen forges from the magic metals; a talisman of success to the possessor; a continual source of strife between the tribes of the North.
Samp'sa. A synonym of Pellerwoinen.
Sa'ra. The same as Sariola.
Sar'i-o'la. The same as Pohyola.
Sat'ka. A goddess of the sea.
Sa'wa (Sa'wo). The eastern part of Finland.
Sim'a Pil'li (Honey-flute). The flute of Sima-suu.
Sim'a-Suu. One of the maidens of Tapio.
Sin'e-tar. The goddess of the blue sky.
Si-net'ta-ret. The goddesses of dyeing.
Suk'ka-mie'li. The goddess of love.
Suo'mi (swo'mi). The ancient abode of the Finns.
Suo'ne-tar (swone-tar). The goddess of the veins.
Suo-wak'ko. An old wizard of Pohyola.
Suo'ya-tar (Syo'jatar). The mother of the serpent.
Su've-tar (Suve, summer). Goddess of the South-wind Su-wan'to-lai'nen. Another name for Wainamoinen.
Taeh'ti. The Polar Star.
Ta-he'tar. The daughter of the Stars.
Tai'nvas. The firmament in general.
Ta-ni'nka. A magic mansion of Pohja.
Ta'pi-o. The god of the forest.
Tel-le'rvo. A daughter of Tapio.
Ter'he-ne'tar. Daughter of the Fog.
Tie'ra. Same as Kura; the Hoar-frost.
Tont'tu. A little house-spirit.
Tu'a-me'tar. Daughter of the Alder-tree.
Tu-le'tar (Tuule'tar). A goddess of the winds.
Tu-lik'ki (Tuullk'ki). One of the daughters of Tapio.
Tu'o-ne'la. The abode of Tuoni.
Tuo'nen Poi'nka. The son of Tuoni.
Tu'o-ne'tar. The hostess of Death-land; a daughter of Tuoni.
Tu-o'ni. The god of death.
Tu'ri (Tuuri). The god of the Honey-land.
Turja (tur'ya). Another name for Pohya.
Tur'ya-lan'der. An epithet for one of the tribe of Louhi.
Tur'ya (Tyrja). A name for the waterfall of Rutya.
Uk'ko. The Great Spirit of Finnish mythology; his abode is in Jumala.
Uk'on-koi'nva (Ukko's dog). The messenger of Ukko; the butterfly.
U'lap-pa'la. Another term for the abode of Tuoni.
Un'du-tar. Goddess of the fog.
U'ni. The god of sleep.
Un'ta-ma'la. A synonym for "the dismal Sariola." Un-ta'mo. The god of dreams; the dreamer; a brother of Kalervo, and his enemy.
Un'tar. The same as Undutar.
Un'to. The same as Untamo.
Utu-tyt'to. The same as Undutar.
Wai'nam-oi'nen (Vainamoinen). The chief hero of the Kalevala; the hero of Wainola, whose mother, Ilmatar, fell from the air into the ocean.
Wai'no (Vai'no). The same as Wainamoinen.
Wai-no'la. The home of Wainamoinen and his people; a synonym of Kalevala.
Wel-la'mo. The hostess of the waters.
Wet'e-hi'nen. An evil god of the sea.
Wi-pu'nen (Vipu'nen). An old song-giant that swallowed Wainamoinen searching for the "lost words." Wi'nro-kan'nas (Virokan'nas). Ruler of the wilderness; the slayer of the huge bull of Suomi; the priest that baptizes the son of Mariatta.
Wo'ya-lan'der (Vuojalan'der). An epithet for Laplander.
Wuok'sen (Vuo'ksen). A river in the east of Finland.
Wuok'si. The same as Wuoksen.
THE END.