beast as followed by the scent. [Scot.] Halliwell.
 Sleuth"hound' (?), n. [See Sleuth, and cf. Slothound.] (Zoöl.)
 A hound that tracks animals by the scent; specifically, a bloodhound.
 [Spelt variously slouthhound, sluthhound, etc.]

 Slew (?), imp. of Slay.

 Slew, v. t. See Slue.

 Slewed (?), a. Somewhat drunk. [Slang] Slewth (?), n. Sloth; idleness. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Sley (?), n. [AS. sl&?;, fr. sleán to strike. See Slay, v. t.] 1. A weaver's reed. [Spelt also slaie.]

2. A guideway in a knitting machine. Knight.
 Sley, v. t. To separate or part the threads of, and arrange them in a reed; -- a term used by weavers. See Sleave, and Sleid.

 Slib"ber (?), a. Slippery. [Obs.] Holland.
 Slice (?), n. [OE. slice, sclice, OF. esclice, from esclicier, esclichier, to break to pieces, of German origin; cf. OHG. slzan to split, slit, tear, G. schleissen to slit. See Slit, v. t.] 1. A thin, broad piece cut off; as, a slice of bacon; a slice of cheese; a slice of bread.

2. That which is thin and broad, like a slice. Specifically: (a) A broad, thin piece of plaster. (b) A salver, platter, or tray.
 [Obs.] (c) A knife with a thin, broad blade for taking up or serving fish; also, a spatula for spreading anything, as paint or ink. (d) A plate of iron with a handle, forming a kind of chisel, or a spadelike implement, variously proportioned, and used for various purposes, as for stripping the planking from a vessel's side, for cutting blubber from a whale, or for stirring a fire of coals; a slice bar; a peel; a fire shovel. [Cant] (e) (Shipbuilding) One of the wedges by which the cradle and the ship are lifted clear of the building blocks to prepare for launching. (f) (Printing) A removable sliding bottom to galley.

Slice bar, a kind of fire iron resembling a poker, with a broad, flat end, for stirring a fire of coals, and clearing it and the grate bars from clinkers, ashes, etc.; a slice.

 Slice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sliced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Slicing (?).] 1. To cut into thin pieces, or to cut off a thin, broad piece from.

2. To cut into parts; to divide.

3. To clear by means of a slice bar, as a fire or the grate bars of a furnace.

 Sli"cer (?), n. One who, or that which, slices; specifically, the circular saw of the lapidary.

 { Slich (?), Slick (?) }, n. (Metal.) See Schlich.

 Slick (?), a. [See Sleek.] Sleek; smooth. "Both slick and dainty." Chapman.
 Slick, v. t. To make sleek or smoth. "Slicked all with sweet oil." Chapman.
 Slick, n. (Joinery) A wide paring chisel.

 Slick"en (?), a. Sleek; smooth. [Prov. Eng.]

 Slick"ens (?), n. [Cf. Slick, n.] (Mining) The pulverized matter from a quartz mill, or the lighter soil of hydraulic mines. [Local, U. S.]

 Slick"en*sides' (?), n. 1. The smooth, striated, or partially polished surfaces of a fissure or seam, supposed to have been produced by the sliding of one surface on another.

2. A variety of galena found in Derbyshire, England.

 Slick"er (?), n. That which makes smooth or sleek. Specifically: (a) A kind of burnisher for leather. (b) (Founding) A curved tool for smoothing the surfaces of a mold after the withdrawal of the pattern.

 Slick"er, n. A waterproof coat. [Western U.S.]

 Slick"ing, n. 1. The act or process of smoothing.

2. pl. (Min.) Narrow veins of ore.

 Slick"ness, n. The state or quality of being slick; smoothness; sleekness.

 Slid (?), imp. & p. p. of Slide.

 Slid"den (?), p. p. of Slide.

 Slid"der (?), v. t. [AS. sliderian. See Slide, v. t.]
 To slide with interruption. [Obs.] Dryden.
 { Slid"der, Slid"der*ly, Slid"der*y (?) }, a. [AS. slidor.
 See Slide, v. t.] Slippery. [Obs.]

 To a drunk man the way is slidder.

Chaucer.
 Slide (?), v. t. [imp. Slid (?); p. p. Slidden (?), Slid; p. pr. & vb. n. Slidding (?).] [OE. sliden, AS. sldan; akin to MHG. slten, also to AS. slidor slippery, E. sled, Lith. slidus slippery. Cf. Sled.] 1. To move along the surface of any body by slipping, or without walking or rolling; to slip; to glide; as, snow slides down the mountain's side.

2. Especially, to move over snow or ice with a smooth, uninterrupted motion, as on a sled moving by the force of gravity, or on the feet.

 They bathe in summer, and in winter slide.

Waller.
3. To pass inadvertently.

 Beware thou slide not by it.

Ecclus. xxviii. 26.
4. To pass along smoothly or unobservedly; to move gently onward without friction or hindrance; as, a ship or boat slides through the water.

 Ages shall slide away without perceiving.

Dryden.
 Parts answering parts shall slide into a whole.

Pope.
5. To slip when walking or standing; to fall.

 Their foot shall slide in due time.

Deut. xxxii. 35.
6. (Mus.) To pass from one note to another with no perceptible cassation of sound.

7. To pass out of one's thought as not being of any consequence.
 [Obs. or Colloq.]

 With good hope let he sorrow slide.

Chaucer.
 With a calm carelessness letting everything slide.

Sir P. Sidney.
 Slide, v. t. 1. To cause to slide; to thrust along; as, to slide one piece of timber along another.

2. To pass or put imperceptibly; to slip; as, to slide in a word to vary the sense of a question.

 Slide, n. [AS. slde.] 1. The act of sliding; as, a slide on the ice.

2. Smooth, even passage or progress.

 A better slide into their business.

Bacon.
3. That on which anything moves by sliding. Specifically: (a) An inclined plane on which heavy bodies slide by the force of gravity, esp. one constructed on a mountain side for conveying logs by sliding them down. (b) A surface of ice or snow on which children slide for amusement.

4. That which operates by sliding. Specifically: (a) A cover which opens or closes an aperture by sliding over it. (b) (Mach.)
 A moving piece which is guided by a part or parts along which it slides.
 (c) A clasp or brooch for a belt, or the like.

5. A plate or slip of glass on which is a picture or delineation to be exhibited by means of a magic lantern, stereopticon, or the like; a plate on which is an object to be examined with a microscope.

6.


Queen pigeon, above. -- Queen's ware, glazed English earthenware of a cream color. -- Queen's yellow (Old Chem.), a heavy yellow powder consisting of a basic mercuric sulphate; -- formerly called turpetum minerale, or Turbith's mineral.

 Queen, v. i. To act the part of a queen. Shak.
 Queen, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Queened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Queening.] (Chess.) To make a queen (or other piece, at the player's discretion) of by moving it to the eighth row; as, to queen a pawn.

 Queen"craft' (?), n. Craft or skill in policy on the part of a queen.

 Elizabeth showed much queencraft in procuring the votes of the nobility.

Fuller.
 Queen"dom (?), n. The dominion, condition, or character of a queen.
 Mrs. Browning.
 Queen"fish' (?), n. (Zoöl.) A California sciænoid food fish (Seriphys politus). The back is bluish, and the sides and belly bright silvery. Called also kingfish.

 Queen"hood (?), n. The state, personality, or character of a queen; queenliness. Tennyson.
 Queen"ing (?), n. [See Queen apple.] (Bot.) Any one of several kinds of apples, as summer queening, scarlet queening, and early queening. An apple called the queening was cultivated in England two hundred years ago.

 Queen"li*ness (?), n. The quality of being queenly; the; characteristic of a queen; stateliness; eminence among women in attractions or power.

 Queen"ly, a. [AS. cwnlic feminine.] Like, becoming, or suitable to, a queen.

 Queen"-post' (?), n. [Arch.] One of two suspending posts in a roof truss, or other framed truss of similar form. See King-post.

 Queen"ship, n. The state, rank, or dignity of a queen.

 Queens"land nut' (?). (Bot.) The nut of an Australian tree (Macadamia ternifolia). It is about an inch in diameter, and contains a single round edible seed, or sometimes two hemispherical seeds. So called from Queensland in Australia.

 Queen" truss (?). (Arch.) A truss framed with queen-posts; a queen-post truss.

 Queer (?), a. [Compar. Queerer (?); superl. Queerest.]
 [G. quer cross, oblique, athwart (cf. querkopf a queer fellow), OHG. twer, twerh, dwerah; akin to D. dvars, AS, þweorh thwart, bent, twisted, Icel. þverr thwart, transverse, Goth. þwaìrhs angry, and perh. to L. torqyere to twist, and E. through. Cf. Torture, Through, Thwart, a.] 1. At variance with what is usual or normal; differing in some odd way from what is ordinary; odd; singular; strange; whimsical; as, a queer story or act. " A queer look." W. Irving.
2. Mysterious; suspicious; questionable; as, a queer transaction. [Colloq.]

 Queer, n. Counterfeit money. [Slang] To shove the queer, to put counterfeit money in circulation. [Slang] Queer"ish, a. Rather queer; somewhat singular.

 Queer"ly, adv. In a queer or odd manner.

 Queer"ness, n. The quality or state of being queer.

 Queest (?), n. [Cf. Icel. kvisa a kind of bird, kvistr a branch of a tree, and E. cushat.] (Zoöl.) The European ringdove (Columba palumbus); the cushat. [Written also quist, queeze, quice, queece.] See Ringdove.

 Quegh (?), n. A drinking vessel. See Quaich.

 Queint (?), a. See Quaint. [Obs.]

 Queint, obs. imp. & p. p. of Quench. Chaucer.
 Queint"ise (?), n. See Quaintise. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Quell (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quelled (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Quelling.] [See Quail to cower.]

1. To die. [Obs.]

 Yet he did quake and quaver, like to quell.

Spenser.
2. To be subdued or abated; to yield; to abate. [R.]

 Winter's wrath begins to quell.

Spenser.
 Quell, v. t. [OE. quellen to kill, AS. cwellan, causative of cwelan to die; akin to OHG. quellen to torment, Icel. kvelja. See Quail to cower.] 1. To take the life of; to kill. [Obs.] Spenser.
 The ducks cried as [if] men would them quelle.

Chaucer.
2. To overpower; to subdue; to put down.

 The nation obeyed the call, rallied round the sovereign, and enabled him to quell the disaffected minority.

Macaulay.
 Northward marching to quell the sudden revolt.

Longfellow.
3. To quiet; to allay; to pacify; to cause to yield or cease; as, to quell grief; to quell the tumult of the soul.

 Much did his words the gentle lady quell.

Spenser.
Syn. -- to subdue; crush; overpower; reduce; put down; repress; suppress; quiet; allay; calm; pacify.

 Quell, n. Murder. [Obs.] Shak.
 Quell"er (?), n. 1. A killer; as, Jack the Giant Queller.
 [Obs.] Wyclif (Mark vi. 27).
2. One who quells; one who overpowers or subdues.

 Quel"li*o (?), n. [Sp. cuello, L. collum neck.] A ruff for the neck. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
 ||Quelque"chose' (?), n. [F. quelque chose something.] A trifle; a kickshaw. Donne.
 Queme (?), v. t. & i. [AS. cwman, akin to cuman to come. √23.] To please. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Queme"ful (?), a. Kindly; merciful. [Obs.] Wyclif.
 Quench (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quenched (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Quenching.] [OE. quenchen, AS. cwencan in cwencan, to extinguish utterly, causative of cwincan, cwincan, to decrease, disappear; cf. AS. cwnan, cwnan, to waste or dwindle away.] 1. To extinguish; to overwhelm; to make an end of; -- said of flame and fire, of things burning, and figuratively of sensations and emotions; as, to quench flame; to quench a candle; to quench thirst, love, hate, etc.

 Ere our blood shall quench that fire.

Shak.
 The supposition of the lady's death Will quench the wonder of her infamy.

Shak.
2. To cool suddenly, as heated steel, in tempering.

Syn. -- To extinguish; still; stifle; allay; cool; check.

 Quench, v. i. To become extinguished; to go out; to become calm or cool. [R.]

 Dost thou think in time She will not


work secretly against (a candidate of one's own party). [Slang, U. S.]

 Knife switch. (Elec.) A switch consisting of one or more knifelike pieces hinged at one end and making contact near the other with flat gripping springs.

 Knight service. Also Knight's service (&?;). 1. (Feud. Law) The military service by rendering which a knight held his lands; also, the tenure of lands held on condition of performing military service.

 By far the greater part of England [in the 13th century] is held of the king by knight's service.... In order to understand this tenure we must form the conception of a unit of military service. That unit seems to be the service of one knight or fully armed horseman (servitium unius militis) to be done to the king in his army for forty days in the year, if it be called for.... The limit of forty days seems to have existed rather in theory than practice.

Pollock & Mait.
2. Service such as a knight can or should render; hence, good or valuable service.

 Knight's fee. (Feudal Law) The fee of a knight; specif., the amount of land the holding of which imposed the obligation of knight service, being sometimes a hide or less, sometimes six or more hides.

 Knob"ker'rie (?), n. [Boer D. knopkirie, fr. D. knop-hout, knotty stick + Hottentot kïrri club.] A short club with a knobbed end used as a missile weapon by Kafir and other native tribes of South Africa.

 Knob"stick' (?), n. A stick, cane, or club terminating in a knob; esp., such a stick or club used as a weapon or missile; a knobkerrie.

 Knock, v. i. To practice evil speaking or fault-finding; to criticize habitually or captiously. [Vulgar Slang, U. S.]

 Knock, v. t. To impress strongly or forcibly; to astonish; to move to admiration or applause. [Slang, Eng.]

 Knock"a*bout' (?), n. 1. (Naut.) A small yacht, generally from fifteen to twentyfive feet in length, having a mainsail and a jib. All knockabouts have ballast and either a keel or centerboard.
 The original type was twenty-one feet in length. The next larger type is called a raceabout.

2. A knockabout performer or performance. [Theat. Slang] 3. A man hired on a sheep station to do odd jobs. [Colloq., Australia] Knock"a*bout' (?), a. 1. Marked by knocking about or roughness.

2. Of noisy and violent character. [Theat. Slang] 3. Characterized by, or suitable for, knocking about, or traveling or wandering hither and thither.

4. That does odd jobs; -- said of a class of hands or laborers on a sheep station. [Collog., Australia] Knock"down' (?), a. 1. Of such force as to fell or overthrow; overwhelming; as, a knockdown blow.

2. Designating a rivet end to be formed into a head by upsetting in fastening.

3. Of or pertaining to the act of knocking down at an auction; specif., designating the price below which an article will not be disposed by the auctioneer.

4. Made or constructed so as to be capable of being knocked down or taken apart, as for transportation.

 Knock"down', n. 1. That which knocks one down; something that overpowers or overwhelms, as strong liquor; specif., a kind of ale or beer that is very strong. [Slang.]

2. A knocking down; a felling by a knock; a blow that overwhelms; also, a fist fight.

3. Something that knocks down, or takes apart, for packing or removal, as a piece of furniture; also, state of being knocked down, or taken apart.

 Knock"er (?), n. 1. A person strikingly handsome, beautiful, or fine; one who wins admiration; a "stunner." [Slang.]

2. A species of large cockroach, esp. Blabera gigantea, of semitropical America, which is able to produce a loud knocking sound.

 Knock"-off', n. Act or place of knocking off; that which knocks off; specif. (Mach.), a cam or the like for disconnecting something, as a device in a knitting machine to remove loops from the needles.

 Knock"-off', a. That knocks off; of or pertaining to knocking off.

 Knock"-out', a. That knocks out; characterized by knocking out; as, a knock-out blow; a knock-out key for knocking out a drill from a collet.

 Knock"-out' (?), n. Act of knocking out, or state of being knocked out.

 Knock-out drops. Drops of some drug put in one's drink to stupefy him for purpose of robbery, etc. [Slang, U. S.]

 Ko"dak (?), n. [An invented name.] 1. A kind of portable photographic camera, esp. adapted for snapshot work, in which a succession of negatives is made upon a continuous roll of sensitized film; -- a trade-mark name of the Eastman Kodak Company, but now popularly applied to almost any hand camera.

2. A photograph taken with a kodak.

 Ko"dak, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Kodaked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Kodaking.] To photograph with a kodak; hence, to describe or characterize briefly and vividly.

 ||Koft'ga*ri" (?), a. [Hind. koft garï goldbeating. fr.
 Per. koft beating + garï trade.] Ornamental work produced by inlaying steel with gold, -- a variety of damascening much used in the arts of India.

 { Ko"la (?), Kola nut }. Same as Cola, Cola nut.

 Ko*lin"sky (?), n. [Russ. kolinski of Kola, a district in northeasten Russia where the finest minks abound.] Among furriers, any of several Asiatic minks; esp., Putorius sibiricus, the yellowish brown pelt of which is valued, esp. for the tail, used for making artists' brushes. Trade names for the fur are red sable and Tatar sable.

 { Ko*lusch"an, Ko*lush"an } (?), a. [From Russ. kalyushka piece of wood (worn in the nether lip).] Designating, or pert. to, a linguistic stock of North American Indians comprising the Tlinkit tribes of the Alexander Archipelago of southeastern Alaska and adjacent coast lands. Their language bears some affinity to Mexican tongues.

 Kon*seal" (?), n. [Prob. formed from conceal.] (Med.)
 A form of capsule for inclosing a dose of medicine that is offensive, caustic, or the like.

 ||Kop (?), n. [South Afr. D., fr. D. kop head, akin to G. kopf and prob. to E. cop top.] Hill; mountain. [South Africa] ||Kop"je (?), n. [South African D., dim. of kop. See Kop.] A hillock; a small kop. [South Africa] The colloqual Dutch pronunciation as here given is the usual one in South Africa.

 Ko"sher (?), a. [heb. koshër fit, proper.] Ceremonially clean, according to Jewish law; -- applied to food, esp. to meat of animals slaughtered according to the requirements of Jewish law. Opp


p. Dripped (?) or Dript; p. pr. & vb. n. Dripping.] [Akin to LG. drippen, Dan. dryppe, from a noun. See Drop.] 1. To fall in drops; as, water drips from the eaves.

2. To let fall drops of moisture or liquid; as, a wet garment drips.

 The dark round of the dripping wheel.

Tennyson.
 Drip, v. t. To let fall in drops.

 Which from the thatch drips fast a shower of rain.

Swift.
 Drip, n. 1. A falling or letting fall in drops; a dripping; that which drips, or falls in drops.

 The light drip of the suspended oar.

Byron.
2. (Arch.) That part of a cornice, sill course, or other horizontal member, which projects beyond the rest, and is of such section as to throw off the rain water.

Right of drip (Law), an easement or servitude by which a man has the right to have the water flowing from his house fall on the land of his neighbor.

 Drip"ping, n. 1. A falling in drops, or the sound so made.

2. That which falls in drops, as fat from meat in roasting.

Dripping pan, a pan for receiving the fat which drips from meat in roasting.

 Drip"ple (?), a. [From Drip, cf. Dribble.] Weak or rare. [Obs.]

 Drip"stone' (?), n. (Arch.) A drip, when made of stone. See Drip, 2.

 Drive (drv), v. t. [imp. Drove (drv), formerly Drave (drv); p. p. Driven (drv'n); p. pr. & vb. n. Driving.] [AS. drfan; akin to OS. drban, D. drijven, OHG. trban, G. treiben, Icel. drfa, Goth. dreiban. Cf. Drift, Drove.] 1. To impel or urge onward by force in a direction away from one, or along before one; to push forward; to compel to move on; to communicate motion to; as, to drive cattle; to drive a nail; smoke drives persons from a room.

 A storm came on and drove them into Pylos.

Jowett (Thucyd. ).
 Shield pressed on shield, and man drove man along.

Pope.
 Go drive the deer and drag the finny prey.

Pope.
2. To urge on and direct the motions of, as the beasts which draw a vehicle, or the vehicle borne by them; hence, also, to take in a carriage; to convey in a vehicle drawn by beasts; as, to drive a pair of horses or a stage; to drive a person to his own door.

 How... proud he was to drive such a brother!

Thackeray.
3. To urge, impel, or hurry forward; to force; to constrain; to urge, press, or bring to a point or state; as, to drive a person by necessity, by persuasion, by force of circumstances, by argument, and the like. " Enough to drive one mad." Tennyson.
 He, driven to dismount, threatened, if I did not do the like, to do as much for my horse as fortune had done for his.

Sir P. Sidney.
4. To carry or; to keep in motion; to conduct; to prosecute. [Now used only colloquially.] Bacon.
 The trade of life can not be driven without partners.

Collier.
5. To clear, by forcing away what is contained.

 To drive the country, force the swains away.

Dryden.
6. (Mining) To dig Horizontally; to cut a horizontal gallery or tunnel. Tomlinson.
7. To pass away; -- said of time. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Drive, in all its senses, implies forcible or violent action. It is the reverse of to lead. To drive a body is to move it by applying a force behind; to lead is to cause to move by applying the force before, or in front. It takes a variety of meanings, according to the objects by which it is followed; as, to drive an engine, to direct and regulate its motions; to drive logs, to keep them in the current of a river and direct them in their course; to drive feathers or down, to place them in a machine, which, by a current of air, drives off the lightest to one end, and collects them by themselves. "My thrice-driven bed of down." Shak.
 Drive, v. i. 1. To rush and press with violence; to move furiously.

 Fierce Boreas drove against his flying sails.

Dryden.
 Under cover of the night and a driving tempest.

Prescott.
 Time driveth onward fast, And in a little while our lips are dumb.

Tennyson.
2. To be forced along; to be impelled; to be moved by any physical force or agent; to be driven.

 The hull drives on, though mast and sail be torn.

Byron.
 The chaise drives to Mr. Draper's chambers.

Thackeray.
3. To go by carriage; to pass in a carriage; to proceed by directing or urging on a vehicle or the animals that draw it; as, the coachman drove to my door.

4. To press forward; to aim, or tend, to a point; to make an effort; to strive; -- usually with at.

 Let them therefore declare what carnal or secular interest he drove at.

South.
5. To distrain for rent. [Obs.]

To let drive, to aim a blow; to strike with force; to attack. "Four rogues in buckram let drive at me." Shak.
 Drive (drv), p. p. Driven. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Drive (drv), n. 1. The act of driving; a trip or an excursion in a carriage, as for exercise or pleasure; -- distinguished from a ride taken on horseback.

2. A place suitable or agreeable for driving; a road prepared for driving.

3. Violent or rapid motion; a rushing onward or away; esp., a forced or hurried dispatch of business.

 The Murdstonian drive in business.

M. Arnold.
4. In type founding and forging, an impression or matrix, formed by a punch drift.

5. A collection of objects that are driven; a mass of logs to be floated down a river. [Colloq.]

Syn. -- See Ride.

 Drive"bolt' (?), n. A drift; a tool for setting bolts home.

 Driv"el (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Driveled (?) or Drivelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Driveling or Drivelling.] [Cf. OE.
 dravelen, drabelen, drevelen, drivelen, to slaver, and E. drabble. Cf. Drool.] 1. To slaver; to let spittle drop or flow from the mouth, like a child, idiot, or dotard.

2. [Perh. a different word: cf. Icel. drafa to talk thick.]
 To be weak or foolish; to dote; as, a driveling hero; driveling love. Shak. Dryden.
 Driv"el, n. 1. Slaver; saliva flowing from the mouth.

2. Inarticulate or unmeaning utterance; foolish talk; babble.

3. A driveler; a fool; an idiot. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.
4. A servant; a drudge. [Obs.] Huloet.
 Driv"el*er (?), n. A slaverer; a slabberer; an idiot; a fool.
 [Written also driveller.]

 Driv"en (?), p. p. of Drive. Also adj.


as my Executors and hee have agreed for the vse afore said That then he deliu them againe vnto my Executors to be putt into a Convenient Truncke with a locke & key and to be placed in my Lord of Northumberlandes Library and the key thereof to be delifted into his Lordpps hands And if at anie tyme after my Executors or the afore said NATHANIELL THORPERLEY shall agayne desire the vse of some or all of the said Mathematicall paps That then it will please the said Earle to lett anie of the aforesaid to haue them for theire vse soe long as shall be thought Convenient, and afterwards to be restored agayne vnto the Truncke in the afore said Earle's Library Secondly my will & desire is that the said NATHANIELL THORPERLEY be alsoe Ouseere of other written bookes & papers as my Executors and hee shall thincke Convenient. Item Whereas I haue diuers waste papers (of wch some are in a Canvas bagge) of my Accompte to Sr Walter Rawley for all wch I haue discharges or acquitances lying in some boxes or other my desire is that they may bee all burnte. Alsoe there is an other Canvas bagge of papers concerning Irishe Accompt (the psons whome they Concerne are dead many yeares since in the raigne of queene Elizabeth wch I desire alsoe may be burnte as likewise many Idle paps and Cancelled Deedes wch are good for noe vse Item I revoake all former wills by mee heretofore made saue onely this my pnte last will and Testament wch I will shalbe in all thinges effectually and truely pformed according to the tenor and true meaning of the same In witnes whereof I the afore said THOMAS HARRIOTT haue to this my psent last will & Testament put my hand & scale yeouen the daie and yeare first aboue written THO : HARRIOTTS.
Sealed a published and deliued by ye wthin named THOMAS HARRIOTT for and as his last will & Testamt the daie & yeares wthin written in the pfice of vs IMMANUELL BOWRNE WILL: FUTTER, Scr: & THO : ALFORD Svte to the said scr Probatum fuit hfnoi Testum sexto die mensis Julij Anno Dni 1621. Coram venli viro RICHARDO CLARKE legum Dcore Surto Dni Offitis &c. jurio THOME AILESBURIE et THOME BUCKNER duorum Extorum &c quibus &c de bene &c saluo jure &c Resrvata tamen ptate similem Comissionem faciendi Dno ROBERTO SIDNEY militi et JOHANNI PROTHERO armigero alteris Extoribus &c Cum venerint eandem in debita Juris forma petituri. Pro Inveno ANDREE prox &c. Concordat cum Originali fca exaicoe pnos HEN: DURHAM Norium Pubcm RA: BYRDE [From the certified copy filed in the Probate Registry in Somerset House, which has been collated with the copy registered, Arch. Lond. _PHONE_/7, Folio 71.
The differences in spelling, punctuation etc. are numerous but unimportant.]
 END


The records of the Bureau of Statistics show that more than $50,000 worth of aeroplanes were imported into, and exported from, the United States in the months of July, August and September, 1911. The Bureau of Statistics only began the maintenance of a separate record of this comparatively new article of commerce with the opening of the fiscal year 1911-12.

 Two of the prominent developments of 1911 were the introduction of the hydro-aeroplane and the motorless glider experiments of the Wright brothers at Killdevil Hills, N. C., where during the two weeks' experiments numerous flights with and against the wind were made, culminating in the establishing of a record by Orville Wright on October 25, 1911, when in a 52-mile per hour blow he reached an elevation of 225 feet and remained in the air 10 minutes and 34 seconds. The search for the secret of automatic stability still continues, and though some remarkable progress has been made the solution has not yet been reached.

 NOTABLE CROSS-COUNTRY FLIGHTS OF 1911.

 One of the important features of 1911 in aviation was the rapid increase in the number and distance of cross-country flights made either for the purpose of exhibition, testing, instruction or pleasure. Flights between cities in almost every country of the world became common occurrences. So great was the number that only those of more than ordinary importance because of speed, distance or duration are recorded. The flights of Harry N. Atwood from Boston to Washington and from St. Louis to New York, and C. P. Rodgers from New York to Los Angeles were the most important events of the kind in this country. The St Louis to New York flight was a distance by air route, 1,266 miles. Duration of flight, 12 days. Net flying time, 28 hours 53 minutes. Average daily flight, 105.5 miles. Average speed, 43.9 miles per hour.

 Transcontinental Flight of Calbraith P. Rodgers.—All world records for cross-country flying were broken during the New York to Los Angeles flight of Calbraith P. Rodgers, who left Sheepshead Bay, N. Y., on Sunday, September 17, 1911, and completed his flight to the Pacific Coast on Sunday, November 5, at Pasadena, Cal. Rodgers flew a Wright biplane, and during his long trip the machine was repeatedly repaired, so great was the strain of the long journey in the air. Rodgers is estimated to have covered 4,231 miles, although the actual route as mapped out was but 4,017 miles. Elapsed time to Pasadena, Cal., 49 days; actual time in the air, 4,924 minutes, equivalent to 3 days 10 hours 4 minutes; average speed approximating 51 miles per hour. Rodgers' longest flight in one day was from Sanderson to Sierra Blanca, Texas, on October 28, when he covered 231 miles. On November 12, Rodgers fell at Compton, Cal., and was badly injured, causing a delay of 28 days.

 European Circuit Race.—Started from Paris on June 18, 1911.
 Distance, 1,073 miles, via Paris to Liege; Liege to Spa to Liege; Liege to Utrecht, Holland; Utrecht to Brussels, Belgium; Brussels to Roubaix; Roubaix to Calais; Calais to London; London to Calais and Calais to Paris.
 Three aeronauts were killed either at the start or shortly after the race was in progress. They were Capt. Princetau, M. Le Martin and M. Lendron.
 Three others were injured by falls. Seven hundred thousand spectators witnessed the start from the aviation field at Vincennes, near Paris.
 There were more than forty starters, of which eight finished. The winner, Lieut. Jean Conneau, who flies under the name of "Andre Beaumont," completed the circuit on July 7; his actual net flying time for the distance being 58h. 38m. 4-5s.

 Circuit of England Race—1,010 Miles in Five Sections.— Start, July 22. Finish, July 26. Prize, $50,000. Twenty-eight entries and eighteen starters. Seventeen finished the first section from Brooklands to Hendon, a distance of twenty miles. Five reached Edinburgh, the second section, a distance of 343 miles, and four completed the entire circuit.

 Paris to Madrid Race.—This race was started at the Paris aviation held at Issy-les-Moulineaux on Sunday, May 21. There were twenty-one entrants, and fully 300,000 spectators gathered to witness the initial flight of the aerial races. The race was divided into three stages as follows: Paris to Angouleme, 248 miles; Angouleme to St. Sebastian, 208 miles, and from St. Sebastian to Madrid, 386 miles, a total distance of 842 miles. After three of the entrants had safely left the field, Aviator Train lost control of his plane, and in falling struck and killed M. Berteaux, the French Minister of War, and seriously injured Premier Monis.
 The accident caused the withdrawal of all but six of the original entrants, and of these but one finished. The race called for a flight over the Pyrenees Mountains, and Vedrines, the winner, had to rise to a height of more than 7,000 feet to pass the mountain barrier near Somosierra Pass.
 Both Vedrines and Gibert, another competitor, were attacked by eagles during the latter stages of the flight. Vedrines, who started from Paris on Monday, May 22, finished the long and perilous race at 8:06 a. m. Friday, May 26. Vedrines net flying time, all controls and enforced stops subtracted, was 14h. 55m. 18s. The various prizes to the winner aggregated $30,000.

 The Paris-Rome-Turin Race.—The conditions of this race called for a flight between the cities of Paris, Rome and Turin, covering a distance of 1,300 miles. The aviators were permitted by the rules to alight whenever and wherever they desired and the time limit was set from May 28 to June 15. A prize of $100,000 was offered the winner, but the contest was never finished, as one after another the aviators dropped out until Frey fell near Roncigilione, France, breaking both arms and legs and unofficially ending the contest. There were twenty-one entries and twelve actual starters.

 International Speed Cup Race.—The third annual international James Gordon Bennett speed cup race was held at Eastchurch, England, on July 1, 1911, and for the second time was won by an American aviator, C. T. Weymann, in a French racing aeroplane. The distance was 150 kilometres equivalent to 94 miles, and the winner's time of 1h. 11m. 36s. showed an average speed of 78.77 miles per hour. The first race was held in 1909 and was won by Glenn Curtiss, who flew the twenty kilometres (12.4 miles) in 15 minutes 50 2-5 seconds at an average speed of 47 miles per hour. In 1910 the winner was Grahame-White, who covered 100 kilometres (62 miles) at Belmont Park, L. I., in 60 minutes 47 3-5 seconds, an average speed of 61.3 miles per hour. In the 1911 race there were six starters: three from France, two from Great Britain and one from the United States.

 Milan to Turin to Milan Race.—This race which was started from Milan, Italy, on October 29, was restricted to Italian aviators and had six starters. The distance was approximately 177 miles and won by Manissero in a Bleriot machine in 3h. 16m. 2 4-5s.

 New York to Philadelphia Race.—The first intercity aeroplane race ever held in the United States was started from New York City on August 5, and finished in Philadelphia the same day. The prize of $5,000 was offered by a commercial concern with stores in the two cities: Three entrants competed from the Curtiss Exhibition Company. The distance was approximately 83 miles and won by L. Beachey in a Curtiss machine in


in the name of religion you impose all sorts of disagreeable duties, duties which she never sees you perform, what can she suppose but that to learn one's catechism and to say one's prayers is only the duty of a little girl, and she will long to be grown-up to escape, like you, from these duties. Example! Example!
 Without it you will never succeed in teaching children anything.

 When you explain the Articles of Faith let it be by direct teaching, not by question and answer. Children should only answer what they think, not what has been drilled into them. All the answers in the catechism are the wrong way about; it is the scholar who instructs the teacher; in the child's mouth they are a downright lie, since they explain what he does not understand, and affirm what he cannot believe. Find me, if you can, an intelligent man who could honestly say his catechism. The first question I find in our catechism is as follows: "Who created you and brought you into the world?" To which the girl, who thinks it was her mother, replies without hesitation, "It was God." All she knows is that she is asked a question which she only half understands and she gives an answer she does not understand at all.

 I wish some one who really understands the development of children's minds would write a catechism for them. It might be the most useful book ever written, and, in my opinion, it would do its author no little honour.
 This at least is certain—if it were a good book it would be very unlike our catechisms.

 Such a catechism will not be satisfactory unless the child can answer the questions of its own accord without having to learn the answers; indeed the child will often ask the questions itself. An example is required to make my meaning plain and I feel how ill equipped I am to furnish such an example. I will try to give some sort of outline of my meaning.

 To get to the first question in our catechism I suppose we must begin somewhat after the following fashion.

 NURSE: Do you remember when your mother was a little girl?

 CHILD: No, nurse.

 NURSE: Why not, when you have such a good memory?

 CHILD: I was not alive.

 NURSE: Then you were not always alive!

 CHILD: No.

 NURSE: Will you live for ever!

 CHILD: Yes.

 NURSE: Are you young or old?

 CHILD: I am young.

 NURSE: Is your grandmamma old or young?

 CHILD: She is old.

 NURSE: Was she ever young?

 CHILD: Yes.

 NURSE: Why is she not young now?

 CHILD: She has grown old.

 NURSE: Will you grow old too?

 CHILD: I don't know.

 NURSE: Where are your last year's frocks?

 CHILD: They have been unpicked.

 NURSE: Why!

 CHILD: Because they were too small for me.

 NURSE: Why were they too small?

 CHILD: I have grown bigger.

 NURSE: Will you grow any more!

 CHILD: Oh, yes.

 NURSE: And what becomes of big girls?

 CHILD: They grow into women.

 NURSE: And what becomes of women!

 CHILD: They are mothers.

 NURSE: And what becomes of mothers?

 CHILD: They grow old.

 NURSE: Will you grow old?

 CHILD: When I am a mother.

 NURSE: And what becomes of old people?

 CHILD: I don't know.

 NURSE: What became of your grandfather?

 CHILD: He died. [Footnote: The child will say this because she has heard it said; but you must make sure she knows what death is, for the idea is not so simple and within the child's grasp as people think. In that little poem "Abel" you will find an example of the way to teach them. This charming work breathes a delightful simplicity with which one should feed one's own mind so as to talk with children.]

 NURSE: Why did he die?

 CHILD: Because he was so old.

 NURSE: What becomes of old people!

 CHILD: They die.

 NURSE: And when you are old——?

 CHILD: Oh nurse! I don't want to die!

 NURSE: My dear, no one wants to die, and everybody dies.

 CHILD: Why, will mamma die too!

 NURSE: Yes, like everybody else. Women grow old as well as men, and old age ends in death.

 CHILD: What must I do to grow old very, very slowly?

 NURSE: Be good while you are little.

 CHILD: I will always be good, nurse.

 NURSE: So much the better. But do you suppose you will live for ever?

 CHILD: When I am very, very old—— NURSE: Well?

 CHILD: When we are so very old you say we must die?

 NURSE: You must die some day.

 CHILD: Oh dear! I suppose I must.

 NURSE: Who lived before you?

 CHILD: My father and mother.

 NURSE: And before them?

 CHILD: Their father and mother.

 NURSE: Who will live after you?

 CHILD: My children.

 NURSE: Who will live after them?

 CHILD: Their children.

 In this way, by concrete examples, you will find a beginning and end for the human race like everything else—that is to say, a father and mother who never had a father and mother, and children who will never have children of their own.

 It is only after a long course of similar questions that we are ready for the first question in the catechism; then alone can we put the question and the child may be able to understand it. But what a gap there is between the first and the second question which is concerned with the definitions of the divine nature. When will this chasm be bridged? "God is a spirit." "And what is a spirit?" Shall I start the child upon this difficult question of metaphysics which grown men find so hard to understand? These are no questions for a little girl to answer; if she asks them, it is as much or more than we can expect. In that case I should tell her quite simply, "You ask me what God is; it is not easy to say; we can neither hear nor see nor handle God; we can only know Him by His works. To learn what He is, you must wait till you know what He has done." If our dogmas are all equally true, they are not equally important. It makes little difference to the glory of God that we should perceive it everywhere, but it does make a difference to human society, and to every member of that society, that a man should know and do the duties which are laid upon him by the law of God, his duty to his neighbour and to himself.
 This is what we should always be teaching one another, and it is this which fathers and mothers are specially bound to teach their little ones.
 Whether a virgin became the mother of her Creator, whether she gave birth to God, or merely to a man into whom God has entered, whether the Father and the Son are of the same substance or of like substance only, whether the Spirit proceeded from one or both of these who are but one, or from both together, however important these questions may seem, I cannot see that it is any more necessary for the human race to come to a decision with regard to them than to know what day to keep Easter, or whether we should tell our beads, fast


THE INCA OF PERUSALEM: AN ALMOST HISTORICAL COMEDIETTA By George Bernard Shaw I must remind the reader that this playlet was written when its principal character, far from being a fallen foe and virtually a prisoner in our victorious hands, was still the Caesar whose legions we were resisting with our hearts in our mouths. Many were so horribly afraid of him that they could not forgive me for not being afraid of him: I seemed to be trifling heartlessly with a deadly peril. I knew better; and I have represented Caesar as knowing better himself. But it was one of the quaintnesses of popular feeling during the war that anyone who breathed the slightest doubt of the absolute perfection of German organization, the Machiavellian depth of German diplomacy, the omniscience of German science, the equipment of every German with a complete philosophy of history, and the consequent hopelessness of overcoming so magnificently accomplished an enemy except by the sacrifice of every recreative activity to incessant and vehement war work, including a heartbreaking mass of fussing and cadging and bluffing that did nothing but waste our energies and tire our resolution, was called a pro-German.

 Now that this is all over, and the upshot of the fighting has shown that we could quite well have afforded to laugh at the doomed Inca, I am in another difficulty. I may be supposed to be hitting Caesar when he is down. That is why I preface the play with this reminder that when it was written he was not down. To make quite sure, I have gone through the proof sheets very carefully, and deleted everything that could possibly be mistaken for a foul blow. I have of course maintained the ancient privilege of comedy to chasten Caesar's foibles by laughing at them, whilst introducing enough obvious and outrageous fiction to relieve both myself and my model from the obligations and responsibilities of sober history and biography. But I should certainly put the play in the fire instead of publishing it if it contained a word against our defeated enemy that I would not have written in 1913.

 The Inca of Perusalem was performed for the first time in England by the Pioneer Players at the Criterion Theatre, London, on 16th December, 1917, with Gertrude Kingston as Ermyntrude, Helen Morris as the Princess, Nigel Playfair as the waiter, Alfred Drayton as the hotel manager, C. Wordley Hulse as the Archdeacon, and Randle Ayrton as the Inca.

 PROLOGUE THE PLAY PROLOGUE The tableau curtains are closed. An English archdeacon comes through them in a condition of extreme irritation. He speaks through the curtains to someone behind them.

 THE ARCHDEACON. Once for all, Ermyntrude, I cannot afford to maintain you in your present extravagance. [He goes to a flight of steps leading to the stalls and sits down disconsolately on the top step. A fashionably dressed lady comes through the curtains and contemplates him with patient obstinacy. He continues, grumbling.] An English clergyman's daughter should be able to live quite respectably and comfortably on an allowance of £150 a year, wrung with great difficulty from the domestic budget.

 ERMYNTRUDE. You are not a common clergyman: you are an archdeacon.

 THE ARCHDEACON [angrily]. That does not affect my emoluments to the extent of enabling me to support a daughter whose extravagance would disgrace a royal personage. [Scrambling to his feet and scolding at her.] What do you mean by it, Miss?

 ERMYNTRUDE. Oh really, father! Miss! Is that the way to talk to a widow?

 THE ARCHDEACON. Is that the way to talk to a father? Your marriage was a most disastrous imprudence. It gave you habits that are absolutely beyond your means—I mean beyond my means: you have no means. Why did you not marry Matthews: the best curate I ever had?

 ERMYNTRUDE. I wanted to; and you wouldn't let me. You insisted on my marrying Roosenhonkers-Pipstein.

 THE ARCHDEACON. I had to do the best for you, my child.
 Roosenhonkers-Pipstein was a millionaire.

 ERMYNTRUDE. How did you know he was a millionaire?

 THE ARCHDEACON. He came from America. Of course he was a millionaire.
 Besides, he proved to my solicitors that he had fifteen million dollars when you married him.

 ERYNTRUDE. His solicitors proved to me that he had sixteen millions when he died. He was a millionaire to the last.

 THE ARCHDEACON. O Mammon, Mammon! I am punished now for bowing the knee to him. Is there nothing left of your settlement? Fifty thousand dollars a year it secured to you, as we all thought. Only half the securities could be called speculative. The other half were gilt-edged. What has become of it all?

 ERMYNTRUDE. The speculative ones were not paid up; and the gilt-edged ones just paid the calls on them until the whole show burst up.

 THE ARCHDEACON. Ermyntrude: what expressions!

 ERMYNTRUDE. Oh bother! If you had lost ten thousand a year what expressions would you use, do you think? The long and the short of it is that I can't live in the squalid way you are accustomed to.

 THE ARCHDEACON. Squalid!

 ERMYNTRUDE. I have formed habits of comfort.

 THE ARCHDEACON. Comfort!!

 ERMYNTRUDE. Well, elegance if you like. Luxury, if you insist. Call it what you please. A house that costs less than a hundred thousand dollars a year to run is intolerable to me.

 THE ARCHDEACON. Then, my dear, you had better become lady's maid to a princess until you can find another millionaire to marry you.

 ERMYNTRUDE. That's an idea. I will. [She vanishes through the curtains.]

 THE ARCHDEACON. What! Come back. Come back this instant. [The lights are lowered.] Oh, very well: I have nothing more to say. [He descends the steps into the auditorium and makes for the door, grumbling all the time.] Insane, senseless extravagance! [Barking.] Worthlessness!!
 [Muttering.] I will not bear it any longer. Dresses, hats, furs, gloves, motor rides: one bill after another: money going like water. No restraint, no self-control, no decency. [Shrieking.] I say, no decency!
 [Muttering again.] Nice state of things we are coming to! A pretty world! But I simply will not bear it. She can do as she likes. I wash my hands of her: I am not going to die in the workhouse for any good-for-nothing, undutiful, spendthrift daughter; and the sooner that is understood by everybody the better for all par—— [He is by this time out of hearing in the corridor.]

 THE PLAY A hotel sitting room. A table in the centre. On it a telephone. Two chairs at it, opposite one another. Behind it, the door. The fireplace has a mirror in the mantelpiece.

 A spinster Princess, hatted and gloved, is ushered in by the hotel manager, spruce and artifically bland by professional habit, but treating his customer with a condescending affability which sails very close to the east wind of insolence.

 THE MANAGER. I am sorry I am unable to accommodate Your Highness on the first floor.

 THE PRINCESS [very shy and nervous.] Oh, please don't mention it. This is quite nice. Very nice. Thank you very much.

 THE MANAGER. We could prepare a room in the annexe— THE PRINCESS. Oh no. This will do very well.

 She takes of her gloves and hat: puts them on the table; and


?z"?-ans), n. [LL. reseantia, &?;&?; OF. reseance.] Residence; abode. [Obs.] Bacon.
 Res"i*ant (-ant), a. [OF. reseant, resseant, L. residens. See Resident.] Resident; present in a place. [Obs.]

 In which her kingdom's throne is chiefly resiant.

Spenser.
 Res"i*ant, n. A resident. [Obs.] Sir T. More.
 Re*side" (r?-z?d"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Resided; p. pr. & vb. n. Residing.] [F. résider, L. residere; pref. rere- + sedere to sit. See Sit. ] 1. To dwell permanently or for a considerable time; to have a settled abode for a time; to abide continuosly; to have one's domicile of home; to remain for a long time.

 At the moated grange, resides this dejected Mariana.

Shak.
 In no fixed place the happy souls reside.

Dryden.
2. To have a seat or fixed position; to inhere; to lie or be as in attribute or element.

 In such like acts, the duty and virtue of contentedness doth especially reside.

Barrow.
3. To sink; to settle, as sediment. [Obs.] Boyle.
Syn. -- To dwell; inhabit; sojourn; abide; remain; live; domiciliate; domicile.

 Res"i*dence (r?z"?-dens), n. [F. résidence.
 See Resident.] 1. The act or fact of residing, abiding, or dwelling in a place for some continuance of time; as, the residence of an American in France or Italy for a year.

 The confessor had often made considerable residences in Normandy.

Sir M. Hale.
2. The place where one resides; an abode; a dwelling or habitation; esp., a settled or permanent home or domicile. "Near the residence of Posthumus." Shak.
 Johnson took up his residence in London.

Macaulay.
3. (Eng.Eccl.Law) The residing of an incumbent on his benefice; -- opposed to nonresidence.

4. The place where anything rests permanently.

 But when a king sets himself to bandy against the highest court and residence of all his regal power, he then,... fights against his own majesty and kingship.

Milton.
5. Subsidence, as of a sediment. [Obs.] Bacon.
6. That which falls to the bottom of liquors; sediment; also, refuse; residuum. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
Syn. -- Domiciliation; sojourn; stay; abode; home; dwelling; habitation; domicile; mansion.

 Res"i*den*cy (-den-s?), n. 1. Residence. [Obsoles.]

2. A political agency at a native court in British India, held by an officer styled the Resident; also, a Dutch commercial colony or province in the East Indies.

 Res"i*dent (-dent), a. [F. résident, L. residens, -entis, p. pr. of residere. See Reside.] 1. Dwelling, or having an abode, in a place for a continued length of time; residing on one's own estate; -- opposed to nonresident; as, resident in the city or in the country.

2. Fixed; stable; certain. [Obs.] "Stable and resident like a rock." Jer. TAylor.
 One there still resident as day and night.

Davenant.
 Res"i*dent, n. 1. One who resides or dwells in a place for some time.

2. A diplomatic representative who resides at a foreign court; -- a term usualy applied to ministers of a rank inferior to that of ambassadors. See the Note under Minister, 4.

 Res"i*dent*er (-r), n. A resident. [Obs. or Colloq.]

 Res'i*den""tial (-d?n"shal), a. 1. Of or pertaining to a residence or residents; as, residential trade.

2. Residing; residentiary. [R.]

 Res'i*den"tia*ry (-d?n"sh?-r?; 277), a. [LL. residentiaris.]
 Having residence; as, a canon residentary; a residentiary guardian. Dr. H. More.
 Res'i*den"tia*ry, n. 1. One who is resident.

 The residentiary, or the frequent visitor of the favored spot,.
 .. will discover that both have been there.

Coleridge.
2. An ecclesiastic who keeps a certain residence.

Syn. -- Inhabitant; inhabiter; dweller; sojourner.

 Res'i*den"tia*ry*ship, n. The office or condition of a residentiary.

 Res"i*dent*ship (r?z"?-dent-sh?p), n. The office or condition of a resident.

 Re*sid"er (r?-z?d"?r), n. One who resides in a place.

 Re*sid"u*al (r?-z?d"?-al), a. [See Residue.] Pertaining to a residue; remaining after a part is taken.

Residual air (Physiol.), that portion of air contained in the lungs which can not be expelled even by the most violent expiratory effort. It amounts to from 75 to 100 cubic inches. Cf. Supplemental air, under Supplemental. -- Residual error. (Mensuration) See Error, 6 (b). -- Residual figure (Geom.), the figure which remains after a less figure has been taken from a greater one. -- Residual magnetism (Physics), remanent magnetism. See under Remanent. -- Residual product, a by product, as cotton waste from a cotton mill, coke and coal tar from gas works, etc. -- Residual quantity (Alg.), a binomial quantity the two parts of which are connected by the negative sign, as a-b. -- Residual root (Alg.), the root of a residual quantity, as √(a-b).

 Re*sid"u*al, n. (Math.) (a) The difference of the results obtained by observation, and by computation from a formula. (b) The difference between the mean of several observations and any one of them.

 Re*sid"u*a*ry (-?-r?), a. [See Residue.] Consisting of residue; as, residuary matter; pertaining to the residue, or part remaining; as, the residuary advantage of an estate. Ayliffe.
Residuary clause (Law), that part of the testator's will in which the residue of his estate is disposed of. -- Residuary devise (Law), the person to whom the residue of real estate is devised by a will. - - Residuary legatee (Law), the person to whom the residue of personal estate is bequeathed.

 Res"i*due (r?z"?-d?), n. [F. résidu, L. residuum, fr. residuus that is left behind, remaining, fr. residere to remain behind. See Reside, and cf. Residuum.] 1. That which remains after a part is taken, separated, removed, or designated; remnant; remainder.

 The residue of them will I deliver to the sword.

Jer. xv. 9.
 If church power had then prevailed over its victims, not a residue of English liberty would have been saved.

I. Taylor.
2. (Law) That part of a testeator's estate wwhich is not disposed of in his will by particular and special legacies and devises, and which remains after payment of debts and


. 1. To cause a short, tremulous motion of, to cause to tremble, as by a sudden shock or blow; to shake; to shock; as, to jar the earth; to jar one's faith.

2. To tick; to beat; to mark or tell off. [Obs.]

 My thoughts are minutes, and with sighs they jar Their watches on unto mine eyes.

Shak.
 Jar, n. 1. A rattling, tremulous vibration or shock; a shake; a harsh sound; a discord; as, the jar of a train; the jar of harsh sounds.

2. Clash of interest or opinions; collision; discord; debate; slight disagreement.

 And yet his peace is but continual jar.

Spenser.
 Cease, cease these jars, and rest your minds in peace.

Shak.
3. A regular vibration, as of a pendulum.

 I love thee not a jar of the clock.

Shak.
4. pl. In deep well boring, a device resembling two long chain links, for connecting a percussion drill to the rod or rope which works it, so that the drill is driven down by impact and is jerked loose when jammed.

 ||Jar'a*ra"ca (?), n. [Pg., from the native name.] (Zoöl.)
 A poisonous serpent of Brazil (Bothrops jararaca), about eighteen inches long, and of a dusky, brownish color, variegated with red and black spots.

 Jar"ble (?), v. t. To wet; to bemire. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
 ||Jar'di'nière" (?), n. [F., fem. of jardinier gardener. See Garden.] An ornamental stand or receptacle for plants, flowers, etc., used as a piece of decorative furniture in room.

 Jards (?), n. [F. jarde, jardon.] (Far.) A callous tumor on the leg of a horse, below the hock.

 Jar"gle (?), v. i. [Cf. OSw. jerga to repeat angrily, to brawl, Icel. jarg tedious iteration, F. jargonner to talk jargon. See Jargon gabble.] To emit a harsh or discordant sound. [Obs.] Bp.
 Hall.
 Jar"gon (?), n. [F. jargon, OF. also gargon, perh.
 akin to E. garrulous, or gargle.] Confused, unintelligible language; gibberish; hence, an artificial idiom or dialect; cant language; slang. "A barbarous jargon." Macaulay. "All jargon of the schools." Prior.
 The jargon which serves the traffickers.

Johnson.
 Jar"gon (jär"gn), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jargoned (-gnd); p. pr. & vb. n. Jargoning.] To utter jargon; to emit confused or unintelligible sounds; to talk unintelligibly, or in a harsh and noisy manner.

 The noisy jay, Jargoning like a foreigner at his food.

Longfellow.
 Jar"gon, n. [E. jargon, It. jiargone; perh. fr. Pers.
 zarg&?;n gold-colored, fr. zar gold. Cf. Zircon.] (Min.)
 A variety of zircon. See Zircon.

 Jar'go*nelle" (?), n. [F. jargonelle a very gritty variety of pear. See Jargon zircon.] A variety of pear which ripens early.

 Jar*gon"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the mineral jargon.

 Jar"gon*ist (?), n. One addicted to jargon; one who uses cant or slang. Macaulay.
 ||Jarl (?), n. [Icel., nobleman, chief. See Earl.] A chief; an earl; in English history, one of the leaders in the Danish and Norse invasions. Longfellow.
 Jar"nut' (?), n. [Of Scand. origin: cf. Dan. jordnöd.]
 (Bot.) An earthnut. Dr. Prior.
 Ja*ro"site (?), n. [From Barranco Jaroso, in Spain.] (Min.)
 An ocher-yellow mineral occurring in minute rhombohedral crystals. It is a hydrous sulphate of iron and potash.

 Jar"-owl' (?), n. (Zoöl.) The goatsucker.

 Jar"rah (?), n. The mahoganylike wood of the Australian Eucalyptus marginata. See Eucalyptus.

 Jar"ring (?), a. [See Jar.] Shaking; disturbing; discordant. "A jarring sound." Dryden.
 Jar"ring n. 1. A shaking; a tremulous motion; as, the jarring of a steamship, caused by its engines.

2. Discord; a clashing of interests. "Endless jarrings and immortal hate." Dryden.
 Jar"ring*ly, adv. In a jarring or discordant manner.

 { Jar"vey, Jar"vy } (?), n. 1. The driver of a hackney coach. [Slang, Eng.] Carlyle.
2. A hackney coach. [Slang, Eng.]

 The litter at the bottom of the jarvy.

T. Hook.
 Ja"sey (?), n. A wig; -- so called, perhaps, from being made of, or resembling, Jersey yarn. Thackeray.
 Jas"hawk' (?), n. [A corruption of eyas hawk.] (Zoöl.)
 A young hawk. Booth.
 Jas"mine (?), n. [F. jasmin, Sp. jazmin, Ar. ysmn, Pers. ysmn; cf. It. gesmino, gelsomino. Cf. Jessamine.]
 (Bot.) A shrubby plant of the genus Jasminum, bearing flowers of a peculiarly fragrant odor. The J. officinale, common in the south of Europe, bears white flowers. The Arabian jasmine is J. Sambac, and, with J. angustifolia, comes from the East Indies.
 The yellow false jasmine in the Gelseminum sempervirens (see Gelsemium). Several other plants are called jasmine in the West Indies, as species of Calotropis and Faramea. [Written also jessamine.]

Cape jasmine, or Cape jessamine, the Gardenia florida, a shrub with fragrant white flowers, a native of China, and hardy in the Southern United States.

 Jasp (?), n. Jasper. [Obs.] Spenser.
 Jas"pa*chate (?), n. [L. iaspachates, Gr. &?;.] (Min.)
 Agate jasper. [Obs.]

 Jas"per (?), n. [OE. jaspre, jaspe, OF. jaspre, jaspe, F. jaspe, L. iaspis, Gr. &?;; cf. Per. yashp, yashf, Ar. yashb, yasb, yasf, Heb. yshpheh.
 Cf. Diaper.] (Min.) An opaque, impure variety of quartz, of red, yellow, and other dull colors, breaking with a smooth surface. It admits of a high polish, and is used for vases, seals, snuff boxes, etc. When the colors are in stripes or bands, it is called striped or banded jasper.
 The Egyptian pebble is a brownish yellow jasper.

Jasper opal, a yellow variety of opal resembling jasper. -- Jasper ware, a delicate kind of earthenware invented by Josiah Wedgwood. It is usually white, but is capable of receiving color.

 Jas"per*a'ted (?), a. mixed with jasper; containing particles of jasper; as, jasperated agate.

 Jas"per*ize (?), v. t. [Usually p. p. Jasperized (&?;).] To convert into


until the fragment is nearly broken off, or by cutting nearly through it with a cold chisel. When the iron has been heated red-hot, the prepared end is taken between the teeth, a couple of bends will complete the break.
The piece which drops from the teeth into a dish of water will make a puff of steam and a hissing sound, which will demonstrate that it is still very hot.
The mystery of the burning cage, in which the Fire King remains while a steak is thoroughly cooked, is explained by Barnello as follows: Have a large iron cage constructed about 4 x 6 feet, the bottom made of heavy sheet iron. The cage should stand on iron legs or horses. Wrap each of the bars of the cage with cotton batting saturated with oil.
Now take a raw beefsteak in your hand and enter the cage, which is now set on fire. Remain in the cage until the fire has burned out, then issue from the cage with the steak burned to a crisp.
Explanation: On entering the cage the performer places the steak on a large iron hook which is fastened in one of the upper corners. The dress worn is of asbestos cloth with a hood that completely covers the head and neck. There is a small hole over the mouth through which he breathes.
As soon as the fire starts the smoke and flames completely hide the performer from the spectators, and he immediately lies down on the bottom of the cage, placing the mouth over one of the small air holes in the floor of the same.
Heat always goes up and will soon cook the steak.
I deduce from the above that the performer arises and recovers the steak when the fire slackens but while there is still sufficient flame and smoke to mask his action.
It is obvious that the above explanation covers the baker's oven mystery as well. In the case of the oven, however, the inmate is concealed from start to finish, and this gives him much greater latitude for his actions. M. Chabert made the oven the big feature of his programme and succeeded in puzzling many of the best informed scientists of his day.
Eating coals of fire has always been one of the sensational feats of the Fire Kings, as it is quite generally known that charcoal burns with an extremely intense heat. This fervent lunch, however, like many of the feasts of the Fire Kings, is produced by trick methods. Mixed with the charcoal in the brazier are a few coals of soft white pine, which when burnt look exactly like charcoal. These will not burn the mouth as charcoal will. They should be picked up with a fork which will penetrate the pine coals, but not the charcoal, the latter being brittle.
Another method of eating burning coals employs small balls of burned cotton in a dish of burning alcohol. When lifted on the fork these have the appearance of charcoal, but are harmless if the mouth be immediately closed, so that the flame is extinguished.
In all feats of fire-eating it should be noted that the head is thrown well back, so that the flame may pass out of the open mouth instead of up into the roof, as it would if the head were held naturally.
To drink burning oil set fire to a small quantity of kerosene in a ladle. Into this dip an iron spoon and bring it up to all appearance, filled with burning oil, though in reality the spoon is merely wet with the oil. It is carried blazing to the mouth, where it is tipped, as if to pour the oil into the mouth, just as a puff of breath blows out all the flame. The process is continued until all the oil in the ladle has been consumed; then the ladle is turned bottom up, in order to show that all the oil has been drunk. A method of drinking what seems to be molten lead is given in the Chambers' Book of Days, 1863, Vol. II, page 278: The performer taking an iron spoon, holds it up to the spectators, to show that it is empty; then, dipping it into a pot containing melted lead, he again shows it to the spectators full of the molten metal; then, after putting the spoon in his mouth, he once more shows it to be empty; and after compressing his lips, with a look expressive of pain, he, in a few moments, ejects from his mouth a piece of lead impressed with the exact form of his teeth. Ask a spectator what he saw, and he will say that the performer took a spoonful of molten lead, placed it in his mouth, and soon afterwards showed it in a solid state, bearing the exact form and impression of his teeth. If deception be insinuated, the spectator will say. "No! Having the evidence of my senses, I cannot be deceived; if it had been a matter of opinion I might, but seeing, you know, is believing." Now the piece of lead, cast from a plaster mould of the performer's teeth, has probably officiated in a thousand previous performances, and is placed in the mouth between the gum and the cheek, just before the trick commences. The spoon is made with a hollow handle containing quicksilver, which, by a simple motion, can be let run into the bowl, or back again into the handle at will.
The spoon is first shown with the quicksilver concealed in the handle, the bowl is then dipped just within the rim of the pot containing the molten lead, but not into the lead itself, and, at the same instant the quicksilver is allowed to run into the bowl. The spoon is then shown with the quicksilver (which the audience takes to be the melted lead) in the bowl, and when placed in the mouth, the quicksilver is again allowed to run into the handle.
The performer, in fact, takes a spoonful of nothing, and soon after exhibits the lead bearing the impression of the teeth.
Molten lead, for fire-eating purposes, is made as follows: Melt these together. When the metal has cooled, a piece the size of a silver quarter can be melted and taken into the mouth and held there until it hardens. This alloy will melt in boiling water.
Robert-Houdin calls it Arcet's metal, but I cannot find the name elsewhere.
The eating of burning brimstone is an entirely fake performance. A number of small pieces of brimstone are shown, and then wrapped in cotton which has been saturated with a half-and-half mixture of kerosene and gasoline, the surplus oil having been squeezed out so there shall be NO DRIP. When these are lighted they may be held in the palm of any hand which has been anointed with one of the fire mixtures described in this chapter. Then throw back the head, place the burning ball in the mouth, and a freshly extinguished candle can be lighted from the flame. Close the lips firmly, which will extinguish the flame, then chew and pretend to swallow the brimstone, which can afterwards be removed under cover of a handkerchief.
Observe that the brimstone has not been burned at all, and that the cotton protects the teeth. To add to the effect, a small piece of brimstone may be dropped into the furnace, a very small piece will suffice to convince all that it is the genuine article that is being eaten.
To cause the face to appear in a mass of flame make use of the following: mix together thoroughly petroleum, lard, mutton tallow and quick lime. Distill this over a charcoal fire, and the liquid which results can be burned on the face without harm.[2] To set paper on fire by blowing upon it, small pieces of wet phosphorus are taken into the mouth, and a sheet of tissue paper is held about a foot from the lips. While the paper is being blown upon the phosphorus is ejected on it, although this passes unnoticed by the spectators, and as soon as the continued blowing has dried the phosphorus it will ignite the paper.
Drinking boiling liquor is accomplished by using a cup with a false bottom, under which the liquor is retained.
A solution of spermaceti in sulphuric ether tinged with alkanet root, which solidifies at 50 degrees F., and melts and boils with the heat of the hand, is described in Beckmann's History of Inventions, Vol. II., page 121.
Dennison's No. 2 sealing wax may be melted in the flame of a candle


mes.
2. Each of two; the one and the other; both; -- formerly, also, each of any number.

 His flowing hair In curls on either cheek played.

Milton.
 On either side... was there the tree of life.

Rev. xxii. 2.
 The extreme right and left of either army never engaged.

Jowett (Thucyd).
 Ei"ther, conj. Either precedes two, or more, coördinate words or phrases, and is introductory to an alternative. It is correlative to or.

Either he is talking, or he is pursuing, or he is in a journey, or peradventure he sleepeth.

1 Kings xviii. 27.
 Few writers hesitate to use either in what is called a triple alternative; such as, We must either stay where we are, proceed, or recede.

Latham.
Either was formerly sometimes used without any correlation, and where we should now use or.

 Can the fig tree, my brethren, bear olive berries? either a vine, figs?

James iii. 12.
 E*jac"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ejaculated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ejaculating.] [L. ejaculatus, p. p. of ejaculari to throw out; e out + ejaculari to throw, fr. jaculum javelin, dart, fr. jacere to throw. See Eject.] 1. To throw out suddenly and swiftly, as if a dart; to dart; to eject. [Archaic or Technical] Its active rays ejaculated thence.

Blackmore.
 2. To throw out, as an exclamation; to utter by a brief and sudden impulse; as, to ejaculate a prayer.

 E*jac"u*late (?), v. i. To utter ejaculations; to make short and hasty exclamations. [R.] "Ejaculating to himself." Sir W. Scott.
 E*jac'u*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. éjaculation.] 1.
 The act of throwing or darting out with a sudden force and rapid flight.
 [Archaic or Technical] "An ejaculation or irradiation of the eye."
 Bacon.
2. The uttering of a short, sudden exclamation or prayer, or the exclamation or prayer uttered.

 In your dressing, let there be jaculations fitted to the several actions of dressing.

Jer. Taylor.
3. (Physiol.) The act of ejecting or suddenly throwing, as a fluid from a duct.

 E*jac"u*la'tor (?), n. [NL. See Ejaculate.] (Anat.) A muscle which helps ejaculation.

 E*jac"u*la*to*ry (?), a. 1. Casting or throwing out; fitted to eject; as, ejaculatory vessels.

2. Suddenly darted out; uttered in short sentences; as, an ejaculatory prayer or petition.

3. Sudden; hasty. [Obs.] "Ejaculatory repentances, that take us by fits and starts." L'Estrange.
 E*ject" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ejected; p. pr.
 & vb. n. Ejecting.] [L. ejectus, p. p. of ejicere; e out + jacere to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.] 1.
 To expel; to dismiss; to cast forth; to thrust or drive out; to discharge; as, to eject a person from a room; to eject a traitor from the country; to eject words from the language. "Eyes ejecting flame." H. Brooke.
2. (Law) To cast out; to evict; to dispossess; as, to eject tenants from an estate.

Syn. -- To expel; banish; drive out; discharge; oust; evict; dislodge; extrude; void.

 E*jec"tion (?), n. [L. ejectio: cf. F. éjection.]
 1. The act of ejecting or casting out; discharge; expulsion; evacuation. "Vast ejection of ashes." Eustace. "The ejection of a word." Johnson.
2. (Physiol.) The act or process of discharging anything from the body, particularly the excretions.

3. The state of being ejected or cast out; dispossession; banishment.

 E*ject"ment (?), n. 1. A casting out; a dispossession; an expulsion; ejection; as, the ejectment of tenants from their homes.

2. (Law) A species of mixed action, which lies for the recovery of possession of real property, and damages and costs for the wrongful withholding of it. Wharton.
 E*ject"or (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, ejects or dispossesses.

2. (Mech.) A jet jump for lifting water or withdrawing air from a space.

Ejector condenser (Steam Engine), a condenser in which the vacuum is maintained by a jet pump.

 ||E"joo ("j), n. [Malay j or hj.] Gomuti fiber. See Gomuti.

 Ej'u*la"tion (?), n. [L. ejulatio, fr. ejulare to wail, lament.] A wailing; lamentation. [Obs.] "Ejulation in the pangs of death." Philips.
 { Ek"a*bor' (k"*br'), Ek"a*bo"ron (-b"rn), } n. [G., fr. Skr. ka one + G. bor, boron, E. boron.] (Chem.) The name given by Mendelejeff in accordance with the periodic law, and by prediction, to a hypothetical element then unknown, but since discovered and named scandium; -- so called because it was a missing analogue of the boron group. See Scandium.

 Ek*al'u*min"i*um (?), n. [Skr. ka one + E. aluminium.]
 (Chem.) The name given to a hypothetical element, -- later discovered and called gallium. See Gallium, and cf. Ekabor.

 Ek'a*sil"i*con (?), n. [Skr. ka one + E. silicon.] (Chem.)
 The name of a hypothetical element predicted and afterwards discovered and named germanium; -- so called because it was a missing analogue of the silicon group. See Germanium, and cf. Ekabor.

 Eke (k), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Eking.] [AS. kan, kan; akin to OFries, ka, OS. &?;kian, OHG. ouhhn to add, Icel. auka to increase, Sw. öka, Dan. öge, Goth. aukan, L. augere, Skr. &?;jas strength, ugra mighty, and probably to English wax, v. i. Cf. Augment, Nickname.] To increase; to add to; to augment; -- now commonly used with out, the notion conveyed being to add to, or piece out by a laborious, inferior, or scanty addition; as, to eke out a scanty supply of one kind with some other. "To eke my pain." Spenser.
 He eked out by his wits an income of barely fifty pounds.

Macaulay.
 Eke, adv. [AS. eác; akin to OFries. ák, OS. &?;k, D. &?;ok, OHG. ouh, G. auch, Icel. auk, Sw. och and, Dan. og, Goth. auk for, but. Prob. from the preceding verb.] In addition; also; likewise.
 [Obs. or Archaic


of some of the Pacific islands. It is used by the natives as a candle. The oil from the nut ( candlenut, or kekune, oil) has many uses.

2. The tree itself.

 Can'dle*pin' (?), n. (Tenpins) (a) A form of pin slender and nearly straight like a candle. (b) The game played with such pins; -- in form candlepins, used as a singular.

 Candle power. (Photom.) Illuminating power, as of a lamp, or gas flame, reckoned in terms of the light of a standard candle.

 Cangue (kng), n. [Written also cang.] [F. cangue, fr.
 Pg. canga yoke.] A very broad and heavy wooden collar which certain offenders in China are compelled to wear as a punishment.

 ||Can'ne*lé" (?), n. [F., pop., fluted.] (Textiles) A style of interweaving giving to fabrics a channeled or fluted effect; also, a fabric woven so as to have this effect; a rep.

 Can"ne*lure (kn"n*lr), n. [F., fr. canneler to groove.] (Mil.)
 A groove in any cylinder; specif., a groove around the cylinder of an elongated bullet for small arms to contain a lubricant, or around the rotating band of a gun projectile to lessen the resistance offered to the rifling. Also, a groove around the base of a cartridge, where the extractor takes hold. -- Can"ne*lured (#), a. Can"non, v. i. 1. To discharge cannon.

2. To collide or strike violently, esp. so as to glance off or rebound; to strike and rebound.

 He heard the right-hand goal post crack as a pony cannoned into it -- crack, splinter, and fall like a mast.

Kipling.
 ||Cañ'on*ci"to (?), n. [Amer. Sp. dim. See Cañon.]
 [Southwestern U. S.] 1. A small cañon.

2. A narrow passage or lane through chaparral or a forest.

 ||Ca'po*ral" (kä'p*räl"), n. [Sp. See Corporal, n.]
 One who directs work; an overseer. [Sp. Amer.]

 ||Ca"po tas"to (?). [It. capotasto.] (Music) A sort of bar or movable nut, attached to the finger board of a guitar or other fretted instrument for the purpose of raising uniformly the pitch of all the strings.

 Ca"pri (?), n. Wine produced on the island of Capri, commonly a light, dry, white wine.

 ||Cap'su*li"tis (?), n. [NL.; E. capsule + -itis.] (Med.)
 Inflammation of a capsule, as that of the crystalline lens.

 Cap'su*lot"o*my (?), n. [Capsule + Gr. &?; to cut.] (Surg.)
 The incision of a capsule, esp. of that of the crystalline lens, as in a cataract operation.

 ||Ca'ra*ba"o (?), n. [Native name.] (Zoöl.) The water buffalo. [Phil. Islands] Ca'ra*cul" (?), n. Var. of Karakul, a kind of fur.

 Car"bon, n. (Elec.) A carbon rod or pencil used in an arc lamp; also, a plate or piece of carbon used as one of the elements of a voltaic battery.

 Car"bon*ite (?), n. [Carbon + -ite.] 1. An explosive consisting essentially of nitroglycerin, wood meal, and some nitrate, as that of sodium.

2. An explosive composed of nitrobenzene, saltpeter, sulphur, and kieselguhr.

 Car"bon process. (Photog.) A printing process depending on the effect of light on bichromatized gelatin. Paper coated with a mixture of the gelatin and a pigment is called carbon paper or carbon tissue. This is exposed under a negative and the film is transferred from the paper to some other support and developed by washing (the unexposed portions being dissolved away). If the process stops here it is called single transfer; if the image is afterward transferred in order to give an unreversed print, the method is called double transfer.

 Carbon steel. Steel deriving its qualities from carbon chiefly, without the presence of other alloying elements; -- opposed to alloy steel.

 Carbon transmitter. A telephone transmitter in which a carbon contact is used.

 Car'bo*run"dum (?), [Carbon + corundum.] A beautiful crystalline compound, SiC, consisting of carbon and silicon in combination; carbon silicide. It is made by heating carbon and sand together in an electric furnace. The commercial article is dark-colored and iridescent. It is harder than emery, and is used as an abrasive.

 { Carborundum cloth or paper }. Cloth or paper covered with powdered carborundum.

 { Car"bu*ret'or, Car"bu*ret'tor (?) }, n. One that carburets; specif., an apparatus in which air or gas is carbureted, as by passing it through a light petroleum oil. The carburetor for a gasoline engine is usually either a surface carburetor, or a float, floatfeed, or spray, carburetor. In the former air is charged by being passed over the surface of gasoline. In the latter a fine spray of gasoline is drawn from an atomizing nozzle by a current of air induced by the suction of the engine piston, the supply of gasoline being regulated by a float which actuates a needle valve controlling the outlet of the feed pipe.
 Alcohol and other volatile inflammable liquids may be used instead of gasoline.

 Car"cel (?), n. (Photom.) A light standard much used in France, being the light from a Carcel lamp of stated size and construction consuming 42 grams of colza oil per hour with a flame 40 millimeters in height. Its illuminating power is variously stated at from 8.9 to 9.6 British standard candles.

 Car"di*o*gram' (?), n. [Gr. &?; heart + -gram.] (Physiol.)
 The curve or tracing made by a cardiograph.

 Car'di*og"ra*phy (?), n. 1. Description of the heart.

2. (Physiol.) Examination by the cardiograph.

 ||Car"di*o*scle*ro"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; heart + sclerosis.]
 Induration of the heart, caused by development of fibrous tissue in the cardiac muscle.

 Car mile. (Railroads) A mile traveled by a single car, taken as a unit of computation, as in computing the average travel of each car of a system during a given period.

 Car mileage. (Railroads) (a) Car miles collectively. (b) The amount paid by one road the use of cars of another road.

 Car"mi*nat'ed (?), a. Of, relating to, or mixed with, carmine; as, carminated lake.

 Car"nic (?), a. [L. caro, carnis, flesh.] Of or pertaining to flesh; specif. (Physiol. Chem.), pertaining to or designating a hydroscopic monobasic acid, C10H15O5N3, obtained as a cleavage product from an acid of muscle tissue.

 Car'not's" cy"cle (?). [After N. L. S. Carnot, French physicist.]
 (Thermodynamics) An ideal heat-engine cycle in which the working fluid goes through the following four successive operations: (1) Isothermal expansion to a desired point; (2) adiabatic expansion to a desired point; (3) isothermal compression to such a


THE GREAT BIG TREASURY OF BEATRIX POTTER By Beatrix Potter CONTENTS THE TALE OF PETER RABBIT THE TAILOR OF GLOUCESTER THE TALE OF SQUIRREL NUTKIN THE TALE OF BENJAMIN BUNNY THE TALE OF TWO BAD MICE THE TALE OF MRS. TIGGY-WINKLE THE PIE AND THE PATTY-PAN THE TALE OF MR. JEREMY FISHER THE STORY OF A FIERCE BAD RABBIT THE STORY OF MISS MOPPET THE TALE OF TOM KITTEN THE TALE OF JEMIMA PUDDLE-DUCK THE ROLY-POLY PUDDING THE TALE OF THE FLOPSY BUNNIES THE TALE OF MRS. TITTLEMOUSE THE TALE OF TIMMY TIPTOES THE TALE OF MR. TOD THE TALE OF PIGLING BLAND GINGER AND PICKLES THE TALE OF PETER RABBIT THE TAILOR OF GLOUCESTER THE TALE OF SQUIRREL NUTKIN THE TALE OF BENJAMIN BUNNY THE TALE OF TWO BAD MICE THE TALE OF MRS. TIGGY-WINKLE THE PIE AND THE PATTY-PAN THE TALE OF MR. JEREMY FISHER THE STORY OF A FIERCE BAD RABBIT THE STORY OF MISS MOPPET THE TALE OF TOM KITTEN THE TALE OF JEMIMA PUDDLE-DUCK THE ROLY-POLY PUDDING THE TALE OF THE FLOPSY BUNNIES THE TALE OF MRS. TITTLEMOUSE THE TALE OF TIMMY TIPTOES THE TALE OF MR. TOD THE TALE OF PIGLING BLAND GINGER AND PICKLES


VI LETTER CCLVII LETTER CCLVIII LETTER CCLIX LETTER CCLX LETTER CCLXI LETTER CCLXII LETTER CCLXIII LETTER CCLXIV LETTER CCLXV LETTER CCLXVI LETTER CCLXVII LETTER CCLXVIII LETTER CCLXIX LETTER CCLXX LETTER CCLXXI LETTER CCLXXII LETTER CCLXXIII LETTER CCLXXIV LETTER CCLXXV LETTER CCLXXVI LETTER CCLXXVII LETTER CCLXXVIII LETTER CCLXXIX LETTER CCLXXX LETTER CCLXXXI LETTER CCLXXXII LETTER CCLXXXIII _PHONE_ LETTER CCLXXXV LETTER CCLXXXVI LETTER CCLXXXVII LETTER CCLXXXVIII LETTER CCLXXXIX LETTER CCXC LETTER CCXCI LETTER CCXCII LETTER CCXCIII LETTER CCXCIV LETTER CCXCV LETTER CCXCVI LETTER CCXCVII LETTER CCXCVIII LETTER CCXCIX LETTER CCC LETTER CCCI LETTER CCCII LETTER CCCIII LETTER CCCIV LETTER CC LETTER CCCVI LETTER CCCVII LETTER CCCVIII LETTER CCCIX LETTER CCCX LETTER CCCXI LETTER CCCXII LETTER CCCXIII LETTER CCCXIV LETTER CCCXV LETTER CCCXVI LETTER CCCXVII LETTER CCCXVIII LETTER CCCXIX LETTER CCCXX PG Editor's Notes: O. S. and N. S.: On consultation with several specialists I have learned that the abbreviations O. S. and N. S. relate to the difference between the old Julian calender used in England and the Gregorian calender which was the standard in Europe. In the mid 18th century it is said that this once amounted to a difference of eleven days. To keep track of the chronology of letters back and forth from England to France or other countries in mainland Europe, Chesterfield inserted in dates the designation O. S. (old style) and N. S. (new style).

 Chesterfield demonstrates his classical education by frequent words and sometimes entire paragraphs in various languages. In the 1901 text these were in italics; in this etext edition I have substituted single quotation marks around these, as in 'bon mot', and not attempted to include the various accent marks of all the languages.

 Only obvious typographical errors have been corrected. The original and occasionally variable spelling is retained throughout. D.W.

 SPECIAL INTRODUCTION The proud Lord Chesterfield would have turned in his grave had he known that he was to go down to posterity as a teacher and preacher of the gospel of not grace, but—"the graces, the graces, the graces." Natural gifts, social status, open opportunities, and his ambition, all conspired to destine him for high statesmanship. If anything was lacking in his qualifications, he had the pluck and good sense to work hard and persistently until the deficiency was made up. Something remained lacking, and not all his consummate mastery of arts could conceal that conspicuous want,—the want of heart.

 Teacher and preacher he assuredly is, and long will be, yet no thanks are his due from a posterity of the common people whom he so sublimely despised. His pious mission was not to raise the level of the multitude, but to lift a single individual upon a pedestal so high that his lowly origin should not betray itself. That individual was his, Lord Chesterfield's, illegitimate son, whose inferior blood should be given the true blue hue by concentrating upon him all the externals of aristocratic education.

 Never had pupil so devoted, persistent, lavish, and brilliant a guide, philosopher, and friend, for the parental relation was shrewdly merged in these. Never were devotion and uphill struggle against doubts of success more bitterly repaid. Philip Stanhope was born in 1732, when his father was thirty-eight. He absorbed readily enough the solids of the ideal education supplied him, but, by perversity of fate, he cared not a fig for "the graces, the graces, the graces," which his father so wisely deemed by far the superior qualities to be cultivated by the budding courtier and statesman. A few years of minor services to his country were rendered, though Chesterfield was breaking his substitute for a heart because his son could not or would not play the superfine gentleman—on the paternal model, and then came the news of his death, when only thirty-six.
 What was a still greater shock to the lordly father, now deaf, gouty, fretful, and at outs with the world, his informant reported that she had been secretly married for several years to Young Hopeful, and was left penniless with two boys. Lord Chesterfield was above all things a practical philosopher, as hard and as exquisitely rounded and polished as a granite column. He accepted the vanishing of his lifelong dream with the admirable stolidity of a fatalist, and in those last days of his radically artificial life he disclosed a welcome tenderness, a touch of the divine, none the less so for being common duty, shown in the few brief letters to his son's widow and to "our boys." This, and his enviable gift of being able to view the downs as well as the ups of life in the consoling humorous light, must modify the sterner judgment so easily passed upon his characteristic inculcation, if not practice, of heartlessness.

 The thirteenth-century mother church in the town from which Lord Chesterfield's title came has a peculiar steeple, graceful in its lines, but it points askew, from whatever quarter it is seen. The writer of these Letters, which he never dreamed would be published, is the best self-portrayed Gentleman in literature. In everything he was naturally a stylist, perfected by assiduous art, yet the graceful steeple is somehow warped out of the beauty of the perpendicular. His ideal Gentleman is the frigid product of a rigid mechanical drill, with the mien of a posture master, the skin-deep graciousness of a French Marechal, the calculating adventurer who cuts unpretentious worthies to toady to society magnates, who affects the supercilious air of a shallow dandy and cherishes the heart of a frog. True, he repeatedly insists on the obligation of truthfulness in all things, and of, honor in dealing with the world. His Gentleman may; nay, he must, sail with the stream, gamble in moderation if it is the fashion, must stoop to wear ridiculous clothes and ornaments if they are the mode, though despising his weakness all to himself, and no true Gentleman could afford to keep out of the little gallantries which so effectively advertised him as a man of spirit sad charm. Those repeated injunctions of honor are to be the rule, subject to these exceptions, which transcend the common proprieties when the subject is the rising young gentleman of the period and his goal social success. If an undercurrent of shady morality is traceable in this Chesterfieldian philosophy it must, of course, be explained away by the less perfect moral standard of his period as compared with that of our day.


the hour; but we say a ship was removed from one place in a harbor to another. Move is a generic term, including the sense of remove, which is more generally applied to a change from one station or permanent position, stand, or seat, to another station.

 Re*move", n. 1. The act of removing; a removal.

 This place should be at once both school and university, not needing a remove to any other house of scholarship.

Milton.
 And drags at each remove a lengthening chain.

Goldsmith.
2. The transfer of one's business, or of one's domestic belongings, from one location or dwelling house to another; - - in the United States usually called a move.

 It is an English proverb that three removes are as bad as a fire.

J. H. Newman.
3. The state of being removed. Locke.
4. That which is removed, as a dish removed from table to make room for something else.

5. The distance or space through which anything is removed; interval; distance; stage; hence, a step or degree in any scale of gradation; specifically, a division in an English public school; as, the boy went up two removes last year.

 A freeholder is but one remove from a legislator.

Addison.
6. (Far.) The act of resetting a horse's shoe. Swift.
 Re*moved" (r?-m??vd"), a. 1. Changed in place.

2. Dismissed from office.

3. Distant in location; remote. "Something finer than you could purchase in so removed a dwelling." Shak.
4. Distant by degrees in relationship; as, a cousin once removed.

 -- Re*mov"ed*ness (r&?;-m&?;&?;v"&?;d-n&?;s), n. Shak.
 Re*mov"er (-?r), n. One who removes; as, a remover of landmarks. Bacon.
 Re*mu"a*ble (r?-m?"?-b'l), a. [F.] That may be removed; removable.
 [Obs.] Gower.
 Re*mue" (r?-m?"), v. t. [F. remuer. See Mew to molt.] To remove. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Re*mu"gi*ent (r?-m?"j?-ent), a. [L. remugiens, p. pr.
 of remugire. See Mugient.] Rebellowing. Dr. H. More.
 Re**mu"ner*a*ble (r?-m?"n?r-?-b'l), a. [See Remunerate.] Admitting, or worthy, of remuneration. -- Re*mu'ner*a*bil"i*ty (r&?;-m&?;"n&?;r- &?;-b&?;l"i-t&?;), n. Re*mu"ner*ate (-?t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Remunerated (-?"t?d); p. pr. & vb. n. Remunerating.] [L. remuneratus, p. p. of remunerare, remunerari; pref. rere- + munerare, munerari, to give, present, from munus, muneris, a gift, present. Cf. Munificent.] To pay an equivalent to for any service, loss, expense, or other sacrifice; to recompense; to requite; as, to remunerate men for labor.

Syn. -- To reward; recompense; compensate; satisfy; requite; repay; pay; reimburse.

 Re*mu'ner*a"tion (-?"sh?n), n. [L. remuneratio: cf. F. rémunération.]
 1. The act of remunerating.

2. That which is given to remunerate; an equivalent given, as for services, loss, or sufferings. Shak.
Syn. -- Reward; recompense; compensation; pay; payment; repayment; satisfaction; requital.

 Re*mu"ner*a*tive (r?-m?"n?r-?-t?v), a. [Cf.F. rémun&?;ratif.]
 Affording remuneration; as, a remunerative payment for services; a remunerative business. -Re*mu"ner*a*tive*ly, adv. -- Re*mu"ner*a*tive*ness, n. Re*mu"ner*a*to*ry (-t?-r?), a. [Cf. F. rémun&?;ratoire.]
 Remunerative. Johnson.
 Re*mur"mur (r?-m?r"m?r), v. t. & i. [Pref. re- + murmur: cf. F. remurmurare.] To murmur again; to utter back, or reply, in murmurs.

 The trembling trees, in every plain and wood, Her fate remurmur to the silver flood.

Pope.
 Ren (r?n), v. t. & i. See Renne. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Ren, n. A run. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Ren"a*ble (r?n"?-b'l), a. [OF. resnable.] Reasonable; also, loquacious. [Obs.] "Most renable of tongue." Piers Plowman.
 -- Ren"a*bly, adv. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 ||Re*nais'sance" (F. re-n'säNs"; E. r-ns"sans), n.
 [F., fr. renaître to be born again. Cf. Renascence.] A new birth, or revival. Specifically: (a) The transitional movement in Europe, marked by the revival of classical learning and art in Italy in the 15th century, and the similar revival following in other countries. (b) The style of art which prevailed at this epoch.

 The Renaissance was rather the last stage of the Middle Ages, emerging from ecclesiastical and feudal despotism, developing what was original in mediæval ideas by the light of classic arts and letters.

J. A. Symonds (Encyc. Brit.).
 Re*nais"sant (r?-n?s"sant), a. Of or pertaining to the Renaissance.

 Re"nal (r?"nal), a. [L. renalis, fr. renes the kidneys or reins: cf. F. rénal. See Reins.] (Anat.)
 Of or pertaining to the kidneys; in the region of the kidneys.

Renal calculus (Med.), a concretion formed in the excretory passages of the kidney. -- Renal capsules or glands, the suprarenal capsules. See under Capsule. -- Renal casts, Renal colic. (Med.) See under Cast, and Colic.

 Re"nal-por'tal (r?"nal-p?r"tal), a. (Anat.)
 Both renal and portal. See Portal.

 Re*name" (r?*n?m"), v. t. To give a new name to.

 Ren"ard (r?n"?rd), n. [F. renard the fox, the name of the fox in a celebrated epic poem, and of German origin, G. Reinhard, OHG. Reginhard, properly, strong in counsel; regin counsel (akin to Goth. ragin) + hart hard. See Hard.] A fox; -- so called in fables or familiar tales, and in poetry. [Written also reynard.]

 Ren"ard*ine (-?n), a. Of or pertaining to Renard, the fox, or the tales in which Renard is mentioned.

 Re*nas"cence (r?-n?s"sens), n. [See Renascent, and cf.
 Renaissance.] 1. The state of being renascent.

 Read the Ph&?;nix, and see how the single image of renascence is varied.

Coleridge.
2. Same as Renaissance.

 The Renascence... which in art, in literature, and in physics,


to the hartbeest, but having shorter and flatter horns, and lacking a black patch on the face.

 Koo"doo (?), n. (Zoöl.) A large South African antelope (Strepsiceros kudu). The males have graceful spiral horns, sometimes four feet long. The general color is reddish or grayish brown, with eight or nine white bands on each side, and a pale dorsal stripe. The old males become dark bluish gray, due to the skin showing through the hair. The females are hornless. Called also nellut. [Written also kudu.]

 Koo"koom (?), n. (Zoöl.) The oryx or gemsbok. [Written also kookaam.]

 Koo'lo*kam"ba (?), n. (Zoöl.) A west African anthropoid ape (Troglodytes koolokamba, or T. Aubryi), allied to the chimpanzee and gorilla, and, in some respects, intermediate between them.

 Kool"slaa' (?), n. See Coleslaw.

 Koord (?), n. See Kurd.

 Koord"ish, n. See Kurdish.

 Koo*ril"i*an (?), a & n. Same as Kurilian.

 Ko"peck (?), n. [Russ. kopeika.] A small Russian coin. One hundred kopecks make a rouble, worth about sixty cents. [Written also kopek, copec, and copeck.]

 Ko"ran (k"ran or k*rän"; 277), n. [Ar. qorn.
 See Alcoran.] The Scriptures of the Mohammedans, containing the professed revelations to Mohammed; -- called also Alcoran. [Written also Kuran or Quran.] [1913 Webster] Ko"rin (?), n. (Zoöl.) The gazelle.

 ||Kor"ri*gum (?), n. [Native name.] (Zoöl.) A West African antelope (Damalis Senegalensis), allied to the sassaby. It is reddish gray, with a black face, and a black stripe on the outside of the legs above the knees.

 Kos"mos (?), n. See Cosmos. Gladstone.
 Ko*tow" (?), n. [Chinese, knock head.] The prostration made by mandarins and others to their superiors, either as homage or worship, by knocking the forehead on the ground. There are degrees in the rite, the highest being expressed by three knockings. [China] S. W. Williams.
 Ko*tow", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Kotowed (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Kotowing.] To perform the kotow.

 ||Kou"lan (?), n. [Native name.] (Zoöl.) A wild horse (Equus, or Asinus, onager) inhabiting the plains of Central Asia; -- called also gour, khur, and onager. [Written also kulan.]

 It is sometimes confounded with the dziggetai, to which it is closely related. It is gray in winter, but fulvous in summer. It has a well defined, dark, dorsal stripe, and a short, erect mane. In size, it is intermediate between the horse and ass.

 Kou"miss (?), n. [Russ. kumys; of Mongolian origin.] An intoxicating fermented or distilled liquor originally made by the Tartars from mare's or camel's milk. It can be obtained from any kind of milk, and is now largely made in Europe. [Written also koumyss, kumiss, kumish, and kumys.]

Koumiss has from time immemorial served the Tartar instead of wine or spirits.

J. H. Newman.
 Kous"so (?), n. (Bot.) An Abyssinian rosaceous tree (Brayera anthelmintica), the flowers of which are used as a vermifuge. [Written also cusso and kosso.]

 Kow*tow" (?), n. & v. i. The same as Kotow.

 I have salaamed and kowtowed to him.

H. James.
 Kra (?), n. (Zoöl.) A long-tailed ape (Macacus cynomolgus) of India and Sumatra. It is reddish olive, spotted with black, and has a black tail.

 Kraal (kräl or krl; 277), n. [D., a village, inclosure, park, prob. fr. Pg. curral a cattle pen; the same word as Sp. corral.
 See Corral.] 1. A collection of huts within a stockade; a village; sometimes, a single hut. [South Africa] 2. An inclosure into which are driven wild elephants which are to be tamed and educated. [Ceylon] ||Krait (?), n. [Native name.] (Zoöl.) A very venomous snake of India (Bungarus cœruleus), allied to the cobra. Its upper parts are bluish or brownish black, often with narrow white streaks; the belly is whitish.

 Kra"ken (?), n. [Prob. from OSw. krake, or ODan. krage the trunk of a tree, the branches of which are not entirely cut off, to which it was likened by the Norwegian mariners.] A fabulous Scandinavian sea monster, often represented as resembling an island, but sometimes as resembling an immense octopus.

 To believe all that has been said of the sea serpent or kraken, would be credulity; to reject the possibility of their existence, would be presumption.

Goldsmith.
 Like a kraken huge and black.

Longfellow.
 Kra*ko"wi*ak (?), n. (Mus.) A lively Polish dance. See Cracovienne.

 ||Kra*me"ri*a (?), n. [NL. So called after the German botanists, J. G. H. & W. H. Kramer.] (Bot.) A genus of spreading shrubs with many stems, from one species of which (K. triandra), found in Peru, rhatany root, used as a medicine, is obtained.

 Kra*mer"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, Krameria (rhatany); as, krameric acid, usually called ratanhia-tannic acid.

 Krang (?), n. [Cf. D. kreng a carcass.] The carcass of a whale after the blubber has been removed. [Written also crang and kreng.]

 Krang"ing hook' (?). (Whaling) A hook for holding the blubber while cutting it away. [Written also cranging hook.]

 Kre*at"ic (?), a. See Creatic.

 Kre"a*tin (?), n. (Chem.) See Creatin.

 Kre*at"i*nin (?), n. (Chem.) See Creatinin.

 Kreel (?), n. See Creel.

 Krem"lin (?), n. [Russ. kremle.] The citadel of a town or city; especially, the citadel of Moscow, a large inclosure which contains imperial palaces, cathedrals, churches, an arsenal, etc. [Russia] Krems (?), n. A variety of white lead. See Krems lead, under Lead, n. Kreng (?), n. See Krang.

 Kre"o*sote (?), n. See Creosote.

 Kreut"zer (kroit"sr), n. [G. kreuzer.] A small copper coin formerly used in South Germany; also, a small Austrian copper coin.
 [Written also kreuzer.]

 ||Kriegs"spiel' (&?;), n. [G., fr. krieg war + spiel play.] A game of war,