Next, she means to bombard Naples. Burke.
 His fleet bombarded and burnt down Dieppe. Wood.
 Bom'bar*dier" (&?;), n. [F. bombardier.] (Mil.)
(a) One who used or managed a bombard; an artilleryman; a gunner.
 [Archaic] (b) A noncommissioned officer in the British artillery.

Bombardier beetle (Zoöl.), a kind of beetle (Brachinus crepitans), so called because, when disturbed, it makes an explosive discharge of a pungent and acrid vapor from its anal glands. The name is applied to other related species, as the B. displosor, which can produce ten or twelve explosions successively. The common American species is B. fumans.

 Bom"bard*man (&?;), n. One who carried liquor or beer in a can or bombard. [Obs.]

 They... made room for a bombardman that brought bouge for a country lady. B. Jonson.
 Bom*bard"ment (&?;), n. [F. bombardement.] An attack upon a fortress or fortified town, with shells, hot shot, rockets, etc.; the act of throwing bombs and shot into a town or fortified place.

 { ||Bom*bar"do (&?;), Bom*bar"don (&?;), } n. [It. bombardo.]
 (Mus.) Originally, a deep-toned instrument of the oboe or bassoon family; thence, a bass reed stop on the organ. The name bombardon is now given to a brass instrument, the lowest of the saxhorns, in tone resembling the ophicleide. Grove.
 Bom'ba*sine" (&?;), n. Same as Bombazine.

 Bom"bast (bm"bst or bm"bst; 277), n. [OF. bombace cotton, LL. bombax cotton, bombasium a doublet of cotton; hence, padding, wadding, fustian. See Bombazine.] 1. Originally, cotton, or cotton wool. [Obs.]

 A candle with a wick of bombast. Lupton.
2. Cotton, or any soft, fibrous material, used as stuffing for garments; stuffing; padding. [Obs.]

 How now, my sweet creature of bombast! Shak.
 Doublets, stuffed with four, five, or six pounds of bombast at least. Stubbes.
3. Fig.: High-sounding words; an inflated style; language above the dignity of the occasion; fustian.

 Yet noisy bombast carefully avoid. Dryden.
 Bom"bast, a. High-sounding; inflated; big without meaning; magniloquent; bombastic.

 [He] evades them with a bombast circumstance, Horribly stuffed with epithets of war. Shak.
 Nor a tall metaphor in bombast way. Cowley.
 Bom*bast" (bm*bst" or bm*bst"), v. t. To swell or fill out; to pad; to inflate. [Obs.]

 Not bombasted with words vain ticklish ears to feed. Drayton.
 { Bom*bas"tic (bm*bs"tk or bm*bs"tk), Bom*bas"tic*al } (&?;), a. Characterized by bombast; high-sounding; inflated. -- Bom*bas"tic*al*ly, adv.
 A theatrical, bombastic, windy phraseology. Burke.
Syn. -- Turgid; tumid; pompous; grandiloquent.

 Bom"bast*ry (&?;), n. Swelling words without much meaning; bombastic language; fustian.

Bombastry and buffoonery, by nature lofty and light, soar highest of all. Swift.
 ||Bom"bax (&?;), n. [LL., cotton. See Bombast, n.] (Bot.)
 A genus of trees, called also the silkcotton tree; also, a tree of the genus Bombax.

 { Bom'ba*zet" Bom'ba*zette" } (&?;), n. [Cf. Bombazine.] A sort of thin woolen cloth. It is of various colors, and may be plain or twilled.

 Bom'ba*zine" (&?;), n. [F. bombasin, LL. bombacinium, bambacinium, L. bombycinus silken, bombycinum a silk or cotton texture, fr. bombyx silk, silkworm, Gr. &?;.
 Cf. Bombast, Bombycinous.] A twilled fabric for dresses, of which the warp is silk, and the weft worsted. Black bombazine has been much used for mourning garments. [Sometimes spelt bombasin, and bombasine.]
 Tomlinson.
 Bom"bic (&?;), a. [L. bombyx silk, silkworm: cf. F. bombique.]
 Pertaining to, or obtained from, the silkworm; as, bombic acid.

 Bom"bi*late (&?;), v. i. [LL. bombilare, for L. bombitare.
 See Bomb, n.] To hum; to buzz. [R.]

 Bom'bi*la"tion (&?;), n. A humming sound; a booming.

 To... silence the bombilation of guns. Sir T. Browne.
 Bom"bi*nate (&?;), v. i. To hum; to boom.

 Bom'bi*na"tion (&?;), n. A humming or buzzing.

 Bom"bo*lo (&?;), n.; pl. Bomboloes (&?;).
 [Cf. It bombola a pitcher.] A thin spheroidal glass retort or flask, used in the sublimation of camphor. [Written also bumbelo, and bumbolo.]

 Bomb"proof' (&?;), a. Secure against the explosive force of bombs. -- n. A structure which heavy shot and shell will not penetrate.

 Bomb"shell' (&?;), n. A bomb. See Bomb, n. Bom*by"cid (&?;), a. (Zoöl.) Like or pertaining to the genus Bombyx, or the family Bombycidæ.

 Bom*byc"i*nous (&?;), a. [L. bombycinus. See Bombazine.]
 1. Silken; made of silk. [Obs.] Coles.
2. Being of the color of the silkworm; transparent with a yellow tint. E. Darwin.
 Bom*byl"i*ous (&?;), a. [L. bombylius a bumblebee, Gr.
 &?;.] Buzzing, like a bumblebee; as, the bombylious noise of the horse fly. [Obs.] Derham.
 ||Bom"byx (bm"bks), n. [L., silkworm. See Bombazine.] (Zoöl.)
 A genus of moths, which includes the silkworm moth. See Silkworm.

 ||Bon (&?;), a. [F., fr. L. bonus.] Good; valid as security for something.

 Bon-ac*cord" (&?;), n. Good will; good fellowship; agreement.
 [Scot.]

 ||Bo"na fi"de (&?;). [L.] In or with good faith; without fraud or deceit; real or really; actual or actually; genuine or genuinely; as, you must proceed bona fide; a bona fide purchaser or transaction.

 Bo*nair" (&?;), a. [OE., also bonere, OF. bonnaire, Cotgr., abbrev. of debonnaire. See Debonair.] Gentle; courteous; complaisant; yielding. [Obs.]

 Bo*nan"za (&?;), n. [Sp., prop. calm., fair weather, prosperity, fr. L. bonus good.] In mining, a rich mine or vein of silver or gold; hence, anything which is a mine of wealth or yields a large income. [Colloq. U. S.]


, F. barguigner, to hesitate, fr. LL. barcaniare. See Bargain, n.] To make a bargain; to make a contract for the exchange of property or services; -- followed by with and for; as, to bargain with a farmer for a cow.

 So worthless peasants bargain for their wives. Shak.
 Bar"gain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bargained (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Bargaining.] To transfer for a consideration; to barter; to trade; as, to bargain one horse for another.

To bargain away, to dispose of in a bargain; -- usually with a sense of loss or disadvantage; as, to bargain away one's birthright. "The heir... had somehow bargained away the estate."
 G. Eliot.
 Bar'gain*ee" (&?;), n. [OF. bargaigné, p. p. See Bargain, v. i.] (Law) The party to a contract who receives, or agrees to receive, the property sold. Blackstone.
 Bar"gain*er (&?;), n. One who makes a bargain; -- sometimes in the sense of bargainor.

 Bar'gain*or" (&?;), n. (Law) One who makes a bargain, or contracts with another; esp., one who sells, or contracts to sell, property to another. Blackstone.
 Barge (&?;), n. [OF. barge, F. berge, fr. LL. barca, for barica (not found), prob. fr. L. baris an Egyptian rowboat, fr. Gr. &?;, prob. fr. Egyptian: cf. Coptic bari a boat. Cf. Bark a vessel.] 1. A pleasure boat; a vessel or boat of state, elegantly furnished and decorated.

2. A large, roomy boat for the conveyance of passengers or goods; as, a ship's barge; a charcoal barge.

3. A large boat used by flag officers.

4. A double-decked passenger or freight vessel, towed by a steamboat. [U.S.]

5. A large omnibus used for excursions. [Local, U.S.]

 Barge"board' (&?;), n. [Perh. corrup. of vergeboard; or cf. LL. bargus a kind of gallows.] A vergeboard.

 Barge"course' (&?;), n. [See Bargeboard.] (Arch.) A part of the tiling which projects beyond the principal rafters, in buildings where there is a gable. Gwilt.
 Bar*gee" (&?;), n. A bargeman. [Eng.]

 Barge"man (&?;), n. The man who manages a barge, or one of the crew of a barge.

 Barge"mast'ter (&?;), n. The proprietor or manager of a barge, or one of the crew of a barge.

 Bar"ger (&?;), n. The manager of a barge. [Obs.]

 Bar"ghest' (&?;), n. [Perh. G. berg mountain + geist demon, or bär a bear + geist.] A goblin, in the shape of a large dog, portending misfortune. [Also written barguest.]

 Ba"ri*a (&?;), n. [Cf. Barium.] (Chem.) Baryta.

 Bar"ic (br"k), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to barium; as, baric oxide.

 Bar"ic, a. [Gr. ba'ros weight.] (Physics) Of or pertaining to weight, esp. to the weight or pressure of the atmosphere as measured by the barometer.

 Ba*ril"la (b*rl"l), n. [Sp. barrilla.] 1. (Bot.)
 A name given to several species of Salsola from which soda is made, by burning the barilla in heaps and lixiviating the ashes.

2. (Com.) (a) The alkali produced from the plant, being an impure carbonate of soda, used for making soap, glass, etc., and for bleaching purposes. (b) Impure soda obtained from the ashes of any seashore plant, or kelp. Ure.
Copper barilla (Min.), native copper in granular form mixed with sand, an ore brought from Bolivia; -- called also Barilla de cobre.

 ||Bar"il*let (&?;), n. [F., dim. of baril barrel.] A little cask, or something resembling one. Smart.
 Bar" i'ron (&?;). See under Iron.

 Ba"rite (&?;), n. (Min.) Native sulphate of barium, a mineral occurring in transparent, colorless, white to yellow crystals (generally tabular), also in granular form, and in compact massive forms resembling marble. It has a high specific gravity, and hence is often called heavy spar. It is a common mineral in metallic veins.

 Bar"i*tone (&?;), a. & n. See Barytone.

 Ba"ri*um (&?;), n. [NL., fr. Gr. bary's heavy.] (Chem.)
 One of the elements, belonging to the alkaline earth group; a metal having a silver-white color, and melting at a very high temperature. It is difficult to obtain the pure metal, from the facility with which it becomes oxidized in the air. Atomic weight, 137. Symbol, Ba. Its oxide called baryta. [Rarely written barytum.]

 Some of the compounds of this element are remarkable for their high specific gravity, as the sulphate, called heavy spar, and the like.
 The oxide was called barote, by Guyton de Morveau, which name was changed by Lavoisier to baryta, whence the name of the metal.

 Bark (bärk), n. [Akin to Dan. & Sw. bark, Icel. börkr, LG. & HG. borke.] 1. The exterior covering of the trunk and branches of a tree; the rind.

2. Specifically, Peruvian bark.

Bark bed. See Bark stove (below). -- Bark pit, a pit filled with bark and water, in which hides are steeped in tanning. -- Bark stove (Hort.), a glazed structure for keeping tropical plants, having a bed of tanner's bark (called a bark bed) or other fermentable matter which produces a moist heat.

 Bark, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Barked (bärkt); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Barking.] 1. To strip the bark from; to peel.

2. To abrade or rub off any outer covering from; as to bark one's heel.

3. To girdle. See Girdle, v. t., 3.

4. To cover or inclose with bark, or as with bark; as, to bark the roof of a hut.

 Bark, v. i. [OE. berken, AS. beorcan; akin to Icel.
 berkja, and prob. to E. break.] 1. To make a short, loud, explosive noise with the vocal organs; -- said of some animals, but especially of dogs.

2. To make a clamor; to make importunate outcries.

 They bark, and say the Scripture maketh heretics. Tyndale.
 Where there is the barking of the belly, there no other commands will be heard, much less obeyed. Fuller.
 Bark, n. The short, loud, explosive sound uttered by a dog; a similar sound made by some other animals.

 { Bark, Barque } (&?;), n. [F. barque, fr. Sp. or It. barca, fr. LL. barca for barica. See Barge.]

1. Formerly, any small sailing vessel, as a pinnace, fishing smack, etc.; also, a rowing boat


Transcribed from the 1905 Gay and Bird edition by David Price, email _EMAIL_ Book cover MARM LISA BY KATE DOUGLAS WIGGIN The eternal-womanly Ever leadeth us on.
Goethe's Faust.
SIXTH EDITION Decorative graphic GAY AND BIRD 22 BEDFORD STREET, STRAND LONDON 1905 All rights reserved Edinburgh: T. and A. Constable, Printers to His Majesty CONTENTS PAGE I. Eden Place 1 II.
Mistress Mary's Garden 16 III.
A Family Polygon 29 IV.
Marm Lisa is Transplanted 46 V. How the New Plant Grew 59 VI.
From Grubb to Butterfly 77 VII.
The Comet and the Fixed Star 88 VIII.
The Young Minister's Psychological Observations 106 IX.
Marm Lisa's Quest 121 X. The Twins Join the Celestials 135 XI.
Rhoda Frees her Mind 150 XII.
Flotsam and Jetsam 167 XIII.
Leaves from Mistress Mary's Garden 186 XIV.
More Leaves 202 XV.
'The Feast o' the Babe' 219 XVI.
Cleansing Fires 231 p. 1I EDEN PLACE Eden Place was a short street running at right angles with Eden Square, a most unattractive and infertile triangle of ground in a most unattractive but respectable quarter of a large city. It was called a square, not so much, probably, because it was triangular in shape, as because it was hardly large enough to be designated as a park. As to its being called 'Eden,' the origin of that qualifying word is enveloped in mystery; but it is likely that the enthusiastic persons who projected it saw visions and dreamed dreams of green benches under umbrageous trees, of a green wire fence, ever green, and of plots of blossoming flowers filling the grateful air with unaccustomed fragrance.
As a matter of fact, the trees had always been stunted and stubby, the plants had never been tended, and all the paint had been worn off the benches by successive groups of working-men out of work. As for the wire fence, it had been much used as a means of ingress and egress by the children of the neighbourhood, who preferred it to any of the gateways, which they considered hopelessly unimaginative and commonplace, offering no resistance to the budding man of valour or woman of ambition.
Eden Place was frequented mostly by the children, who found it an admirable spot to squabble, to fight, and to dig up the hapless earth; and after them, by persons out of suits with fortune. These (generally men) adorned the shabby benches at all times, sleeping, smoking, reading newspapers, or tracing uncertain patterns in the gravel with a stick,—patterns as uncertain and aimless as themselves. There were fewer women, because the unemployed woman of this class has an old-fashioned habit, or instinct, of seeking work by direct assault; the method of the male being rather to sit on a bench and discuss the obstacles, the injustices, and the unendurable insults heaped by a plutocratic government in the path of the honest son of toil.
The corner house of Eden Place was a little larger than its neighbours in the same row. Its side was flanked by a sand-lot, and a bay window, with four central panes of blue glass, was the most conspicuous feature of its architecture. In the small front yard was a microscopic flower-bed; there were no flowers in it, but the stake that held up a stout plant in the middle was surmounted by a neat wooden sign bearing the inscription, 'No Smoking on these Premises.' The warning seemed superfluous, as no man standing in the garden could have put his pipe in his mouth without grazing either the fence or the house, but the owner of the 'premises' possibly wished to warn the visitor at the very threshold.
All the occupied houses in Eden Place were cheerful and hospitable in their appearance, and were marked by an air of liveliness and good-fellowship. Bed linen hung freely from all the windows, for there was no hard and fast law about making up beds at any special hour, though a remnant of superstition still existed that it was a good thing to make up a bed before you slept in it. There were more women on their respective front steps, and fewer in their respective kitchens, in Eden Place than in almost any other locality in the city. That they lived for the most part in close and friendly relations could be seen from the condition of the fences between the front yards, whose upper rails fairly sagged with the weight of gossip.
One woman, living in the middle of the row, evidently possessed somewhat different views, for she had planted vines on each of her division fences, rented her parlour to a lodger who only slept there, kept all her front curtains drawn, and stayed in the hack of her house. Such retribution as could legally be wreaked upon this offensive and exclusive person was daily administered by her two neighbours, who stood in their doors on either side and conversed across her house and garden with much freedom and exuberance. They had begged the landlord to induce her to take up her abode elsewhere; but as she was the only tenant who paid her rent regularly, he refused to part with her.
Any one passing the 'No Smoking' sign and entering the front door of Mrs. Grubb's house, on the corner, would have turned off the narrow uncarpeted hall into the principal room, and, if he were an observing person, would have been somewhat puzzled by its appearance. There were seven or eight long benches on one side, yet it had not the slightest resemblance to a schoolroom. The walls were adorned with a variety of interesting objects. There was a chart showing a mammoth human hand, the palm marked with myriads of purple lines. There were two others displaying respectively the interior of the human being in the pink-and-white purity of total abstinence, and the same interior after years of intemperance had done their fatal work; a most valuable chart this last, and one that had quenched the thirst of many a man.
The words 'Poverty Must Go' were wrought in evergreen letters over the bay window, and various texts were printed in red and black and tacked to the wall in prominent places. These were such as— 'To be a Flesh-Eater is to be a Shedder of Blood and a Destroyer of God's Innocent Creatures.' 'Now that Man has Begun to Ascend in the Scale of Being, let Woman Reach Down a Strong, Tender Hand and Aid him in his Struggle for Moral and Spiritual Elevation.' 'Let the Pleasure Field be as Large as Possible. Pains and Fears Lessen Growth.' 'I Believe that to Burden, to Bond, to Tax, to Tribute, to Impoverish, to Grind, to Pillage, to Oppress, to Afflict, to Plunder, to Vampire the Life Labouring to Create Wealth is the Unpardonable Sin.' Over the mantel-shelf was a seaweed picture in a frame of shells, bearing the inscription, 'Unity Hall, Meeting-Place of the Order of Present Perfection.' On a table, waiting to be hung in place, was an impressive sort of map about four feet square. This, like many of the other ornaments in the room, was a trifle puzzling, and seemed at first, from its plenitude of coloured spots, to be some species of moral propaganda in a state of violent eruption. It proved, however, on closer study, to be an ingenious pictorial representation of the fifty largest cities of the world, with the successful establishment of various regenerating ideas indicated by coloured discs of paper neatly pasted on the surface. The key in the right-hand corner read— Temperance Blue.
Single Tax Green.
Cremation Orange.
Abolition of War Red.
Vegetarianism Purple.
Hypnotism Yellow.
Dress Reform Black.
Social Purity Blush Rose.
Theosophy Silver.
Religious Liberty Magenta.
Emancipation


high mountains of Asia and America. Called also calling hare, and crying hare. See Chief hare.

 Pike (?), n. [F. pique; perhaps of Celtic origin; cf. W. pig a prick, a point, beak, Arm. pik pick. But cf. also L. picus woodpecker (see Pie magpie), and E. spike. Cf. Pick, n. & v., Peak, Pique.] 1. (Mil.) A foot soldier's weapon, consisting of a long wooden shaft or staff, with a pointed steel head. It is now superseded by the bayonet.

2. A pointed head or spike; esp., one in the center of a shield or target. Beau. & Fl.
3. A hayfork. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tusser.
4. A pick. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. Raymond.
5. A pointed or peaked hill. [R.]

6. A large haycock. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
7. A turnpike; a toll bar. Dickens.
8. (Zoöl.) sing. & pl. A large fresh-water fish (Esox lucius), found in Europe and America, highly valued as a food fish; -- called also pickerel, gedd, luce, and jack.

Blue pike, grass pike, green pike, wall-eyed pike, and yellow pike, are names, not of true pike, but of the wall-eye.
 See Wall-eye.

Gar pike. See under Gar. -- Pike perch (Zoöl.), any fresh-water fish of the genus Stizostedion (formerly Lucioperca).
 See Wall-eye, and Sauger. -- Pike pole, a long pole with a pike in one end, used in directing floating logs. -- Pike whale (Zoöl.), a finback whale of the North Atlantic (Balænoptera rostrata), having an elongated snout; -- called also piked whale. -- Sand pike (Zoöl.), the lizard fish. -- Sea pike (Zoöl.), the garfish (a).

 Piked (?), a. Furnished with a pike; ending in a point; peaked; pointed. "With their piked targets bearing them down." Milton.
 Pike'-de*vant" (?), n. [Pike point (fr. F. pique) + F. devant before.] A pointed beard. [Obs.]

 { Pike"let (?), Pike"lin (?), } n. A light, thin cake or muffin.
 [Prov. Eng.] Wright.
 Pike"man (?), n.; pl. Pikeman (&?;). 1. A soldier armed with a pike. Knolles.
2. A miner who works with a pick. Beaconsfield.
3. A keeper of a turnpike gate. T. Hughes.
 Pike"staff' (?), n. 1. The staff, or shaft, of a pike.

2. A staff with a spike in the lower end, to guard against slipping. Sir W. Scott.
 Pike"tail' (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Pintail, 1.

 Pik"ro*lite (?), n. (Min.) See Picrolite.

 Pi"lage (?), n. See Pelage.

 Pi*las"ter (?), n. [F. pilastre, It. pilastro, LL. pilastrum, fr. L. pila a pillar. See Pillar.] (Arch.) An upright architectural member right-angled in plan, constructionally a pier (See Pier, 1 (b)), but architecturally corresponding to a column, having capital, shaft, and base to agree with those of the columns of the same order. In most cases the projection from the wall is one third of its width, or less.

 Pi*las"tered (?), a. Furnished with pilasters.

 ||Pi*lau" (?), n. See Pillau.

 Pilch (?), n. [AS. pylce, pylece, LL. pellicia.
 See Pelisse, and Pelt skin.] A gown or case of skin, or one trimmed or lined with fur. [Obs.]

 Pil"chard (?), n. [Cf. It. pilseir, W. pilcod minnows.] (Zoöl.) A small European food fish (Clupea pilchardus) resembling the herring, but thicker and rounder. It is sometimes taken in great numbers on the coast of England.

 Fools are as like husbands as pilchards are to herrings.

Shak.
 Pilch"er (?), n. [From Pilch.] A scabbard, as of a sword. [Obs.] Shak.
 Pilch"er, n. (Zoöl.) The pilchard.

 Pil"crow (?), n. [A corruption of Paragraph.] (Print.) a paragraph mark, ¶. [Obs.] Tusser.
 Pile (?), n. [L. pilus hair. Cf. Peruke.] 1. A hair; hence, the fiber of wool, cotton, and the like; also, the nap when thick or heavy, as of carpeting and velvet.

 Velvet soft, or plush with shaggy pile.

Cowper.
2. (Zoöl.) A covering of hair or fur.

 Pile, n. [L. pilum javelin. See Pile a stake.] The head of an arrow or spear. [Obs.] Chapman.
 Pile, n. [AS. pl arrow, stake, L. pilum javelin; but cf. also L. pila pillar.] 1. A large stake, or piece of timber, pointed and driven into the earth, as at the bottom of a river, or in a harbor where the ground is soft, for the support of a building, a pier, or other superstructure, or to form a cofferdam, etc.

 Tubular iron piles are now much used.

2. [Cf. F. pile.] (Her.) One of the ordinaries or subordinaries having the form of a wedge, usually placed palewise, with the broadest end uppermost.

Pile bridge, a bridge of which the roadway is supported on piles.
 -- Pile cap, a beam resting upon and connecting the heads of piles.
 -- Pile driver, or Pile engine, an apparatus for driving down piles, consisting usually of a high frame, with suitable appliances for raising to a height (by animal or steam power, the explosion of gunpowder, etc.) a heavy mass of iron, which falls upon the pile. -- Pile dwelling. See Lake dwelling, under Lake. -- Pile plank (Hydraul. Eng.), a thick plank used as a pile in sheet piling. See Sheet piling, under Piling. -- Pneumatic pile. See under Pneumatic. -- Screw pile, one with a screw at the lower end, and sunk by rotation aided by pressure.

 Pile, v. t. To drive piles into; to fill with piles; to strengthen with piles.

To sheet-pile, to make sheet piling in or around. See Sheet piling, under 2nd Piling.

 Pile, n. [F. pile, L. pila a pillar, a pier or mole of stone. Cf. Pillar.] 1. A mass of things heaped together; a heap; as, a pile of stones; a pile of wood.

2. A mass formed in layers; as, a pile of shot.

3. A funeral pile; a pyre. Dryden.
4. A large building, or mass of buildings.

 The pile o'erlooked the town and drew the fight.

Dryden.
5. (Iron Manuf.) Same as Fagot, n., 2.

6. (Elec.) A vertical series of alternate disks of two dissimilar metals, as copper and zinc, laid up with disks of cloth or paper moistened with acid water between them, for producing a current of electricity; -- commonly called Volta's pile, voltaic pile, or galvanic pile.

 The term is sometimes applied to other forms of


Transcribed from the 1892 Cassell & Co. edition by Jane Duff and proofed by David Price, email _EMAIL_ CASSELL'S NATIONAL LIBRARY.

Travels in England DURING THE REIGN OF QUEEN ELIZABETH BY PAUL HENTZNER.
WITH FRAGMENTA REGALIA; Or, Observations on Queen Elizabeth's Times and Favourites.
By SIR ROBERT NAUNTON.
Decorative graphic CASSELL & COMPANY, Limited: LONDON, PARIS & MELBOURNE.
1892.

INTRODUCTION.
Queen Elizabeth herself, and London as it was in her time, with sketches of Elizabethan England, and of its great men in the way of social dignity, are here brought home to us by Paul Hentzner and Sir Robert Naunton.
Paul Hentzner was a German lawyer, born at Crossen, in Brandenburg, on the 29th of January, 1558. He died on the 1st January, 1623. In 1596, when his age was thirty-eight, he became tutor to a young Silesian nobleman, with whom he set out in 1597 on a three years' tour through Switzerland, France, England, and Italy. After his return to Germany in 1600, he published, at Nuremberg, in 1612, a description of what he had seen and thought worth record, written in Latin, as "Itinerarium Germaniæ, Galliæ, Angliæ, Italiæ, cum Indice Locorum, Rerum atque Verborum." Horace Walpole caused that part of Hentzner's Itinerary which tells what he saw in England to be translated by Richard Bentley, son of the famous scholar, and he printed at Strawberry Hill two hundred and twenty copies. In 1797 "Hentzner's Travels in England" were edited, together with Sir Robert Naunton's "Fragmenta Regalia," in the volume from which they are here reprinted, with notes by the translator and the editor.
Sir Robert Naunton was of an old family with large estates, settled at Alderton, in Suffolk. He was at Cambridge in the latter years of Elizabeth's reign, having entered as Fellow Commoner at Trinity College, and obtained a Fellowship at Trinity Hall. Naunton went to Scotland in 1589 with an uncle, William Ashby, whom Queen Elizabeth sent thither as Ambassador, and was despatched to Elizabeth's court from Scotland as a trusty messenger. In 1596–7 he was in France, and corresponded with the Earl of Essex, who was his friend.
After the fall of Essex he returned to Cambridge, and was made Proctor of the University in 1601, three years after Paul Hentzner's visit to England. Then he became Public Orator at Cambridge, and by a speech made to King James at Hinchinbrook won his Majesty's praise for Latin and learning. He came to court in the service of Sir James Overbury, obtained the active friendship of George Villiers Duke of Buckingham, and was sworn as Secretary of State on the 8th January, 1617. The king afterwards gave Naunton the office of Master of the Court of Wards and Liveries.
Sir Robert Naunton wrote his recollections of the men who served Queen Elizabeth when he was near the close of his own life. It was after 1628, because he speaks of Edward Somerset, Earl of Worcester, as dead, and before 1632, because he speaks of Sir William Knollys living as the only Earl of Banbury. He was created Earl of Banbury in 1626, and died in 1632. The "Fragmenta Regalia" were first published in 1641, after Sir Robert's death. They were reprinted in 1642 and 1653, since which date they have appeared in various collections. There was a good edition of them in 1870 among the very valuable "English Reprints" for which we are indebted to Professor Edward Arber.
H. M. Travels in England.
We arrived at Rye, a small English seaport. Here, as soon as we came on shore, we gave in our names to the notary of the place, but not till he had demanded our business; and being answered, that we had none but to see England, we were conducted to an inn, where we were very well entertained; as one generally is in this country.
We took post-horses for London: it is surprising how swiftly they run; their bridles are very light, and their saddles little more than a span over.
Flimwell, a village: here we returned our first horses, and mounted fresh ones.
We passed through Tunbridge, another village.
Chepstead, another village: here, for the second time, we changed horses.
London, the head and metropolis of England: called by Tacitus, Londinium; by Ptolemy, Logidinium; by Ammianus Marcellinus, Lundinium; by foreigners, Londra, and Londres; it is the seat of the British Empire, and the chamber of the English kings.
This most ancient city is in the county of Middlesex, the fruitfullest and wholesomest soil in England. It is built on the river Thames, sixty miles from the sea, and was originally founded, as all historians agree, by Brutus, who, coming from Greece into Italy, thence into Africa, next into France, and last into Britain, chose this situation for the convenience of the river, calling it Troja Nova, which name was afterwards corrupted into Trinovant. But when Lud, the brother of Cassibilan, or Cassivelan, who warred against Julius Cæsar, as he himself mentions (lib. v. de Bell. Gall.), came to the crown, he encompassed it with very strong walls, and towers very artfully constructed, and from his own name called it Caier Lud, i.e., Lud's City. This name was corrupted into that of Caerlunda, and again in time, by change of language, into Londres. Lud, when he died, was buried in this town, near that gate which is yet called in Welsh, Por Lud—in Saxon, Ludesgate.
The famous river Thames owes part of its stream, as well as its appellation, to the Isis; rising a little above Winchelcomb, and being increased with several rivulets, unites both its waters and its name to the Thame, on the other side of Oxford; thence, after passing by London, and being of the utmost utility, from its greatness and navigation, it opens into a vast arm of the sea, from whence the tide, according to Gemma Frisius, flows and ebbs to the distance of eighty miles, twice in twenty-five hours, and, according to Polydore Vergil, above sixty miles twice in twenty-four hours.
This city being very large of itself, has very extensive suburbs, and a fort called the Tower, of beautiful structure. It is magnificently ornamented with public buildings and churches, of which there are above one hundred and twenty parochial.
On the south is a bridge of stone eight hundred feet in length, of wonderful work; it is supported upon twenty piers of square stone, sixty feet high and thirty broad, joined by arches of about twenty feet diameter. The whole is covered on each side with houses so disposed as to have the appearance of a continued street, not at all of a bridge.
Upon this is built a tower, on whose top the heads of such as have been executed for high treason are placed on iron spikes: we counted above thirty.
Paulus Jovius, in his description of the most remarkable towns in England, says all are obscured by London: which, in the opinion of many, is Cæsar's city of the Trinobantes, the capital of all Britain, famous for the commerce of many nations; its houses are elegantly built, its churches fine, its towns strong, and its riches and abundance surprising. The wealth of the world is wafted to it by the Thames, swelled by the tide, and navigable to merchant ships through a safe and deep channel for sixty miles, from its mouth to the city: its banks are everywhere beautified with fine country seats, woods, and farms; below is the royal palace of Greenwich; above, that of Richmond; and between both, on the west of London, rise the noble buildings of Westminster, most remarkable for the courts of justice, the parliament, and St. Peter's church, enriched with the royal tombs. At the distance of twenty miles from London is the castle of Windsor


129. The King of the Island cccclxxix [479] 130. Abulhusn ed Durraj and Abou Jaafer the Leper cccclxxxi [481] 131. The Queen of the Serpents cccclxxxii [482] a. The Adventures of Beloukiya cccclxxxvi [486] b. The Story of Janshah ccccxcix [499] 132. Sindbad the Sailor and Sindbad the Porter dxxxvi [536] a. The First Voyage of Sindbad the Sailor dxxxviii [538] b. The Second Voyage of Sindbad the Sailor dxliii [543] c. The Third Voyage of Sindbad the Sailor dxlvi [546] d. The Fourth Voyage of Sindbad the Sailor dl [550] e. The Fifth Voyage of Sindbad the Sailor dlvi [556] f. The Sixth Voyage of Sindbad the Sailor dlix [559] g. The Seventh Voyage of Sindbad the Sailor dlxiii [563] 133. The City of Brass dlxvi [566] 134. The Malice of Women dlxxviii [578] a. The King and his Vizier's Wife dlxxviii [578] b. The Merchant's Wife and the Parrot dlxxix [579] c. The Fuller and his Son dlxxix [579] d. The Lover's Trick against the Chaste Wife dlxxx [580] e. The Niggard and the Loaves of Bread dlxxx [580] f. The Lady and her Two Lovers dlxxxi [581] g. The King's Son and the Ogress dlxxxi [581] h. The Drop of Honey dlxxxii [582] i. The Woman who made her Husband sift Dust dlxxxii [582] j. The Enchanted Springs dlxxxii [582] k. The Vizier's Son and the Bathkeeper's Wife dlxxxiv [584] l. The Wife's Device to Cheat her Husband dlxxxiv [584] m. The Goldsmith and the Cashmere Singing-girl dlxxxvi [586] n. The Man who never Laughed again dlxxxvii [587] o. The King's Son and the Merchant's Wife dxci [591] p. The Page who feigned to know the Speech of Birds dxcii [592] q. The Lady and her five Suitors dxciii [593] r. The Man who saw the Night of Power dxcvi [596] s. The Stolen Necklace dxcvi [596] t. The two Pigeons dxcvii [597] u. Prince Behram of Persia and the Princess Ed Detma dxcvii [597] v. The House with the Belvedere dxcviii [598] w. The King's Son and the Afrit's Mistress dcii [602] x. The Sandal-wood Merchant and the Sharpers dciii [603] y. The Debauchee and the Three-year-old Child dcv [605] z. The Stolen Purse dcv [605] 135. Jouder and his Brothers dcvi [606] 136. The History of Gherib and his Brother Agib dcxxiv [624] 137. Otbeh and Reyya dclxxx [680] 138. Hind Daughter of En Numan and El Hejjaj dclxxxi [681] 139. Khuzeimeh ben Bishr and Ikrimeh el Feyyaz dclxxxii [682] 140. Younus the Scribe and the Khalif Welid ben Sehl dclxxxiv [684] 141. Haroun er Reshid and the Arab Girl dclxxxv [685] 142. El Asmai and the three Girls of Bassora dclxxxvi [686] 143. Ibrahim of Mosul and the Devil dclxxxvii [687] 144. The Lovers of the Benou Udhreh dclxxxviii [688] 145. The Bedouin and his Wife dcxci [691] 146. The Lovers of Bassora dcxciii [693] 147. Isaac of Mosul and his Mistress and the Devil dcxcv [695] 148. The Lovers of Medina dcxcvi [696] 149. El Melik en Nasir and his Vizier dcxcvii [697] 150. The Rogueries of Delileh the Crafty and her Daughter Zeyneb the Trickstress dcxcviii [698] 151. The Adventures of Quicksilver Ali of Cairo: a Sequel to the Rogueries of Delileh the Crafty dccviii [708] 152. Ardeshir and Heyat en Nufous dccxix [719] 153. Julnar of the Sea and her Son King Bedr Basim of Persia dccxxxviii [738] 154. King Mohammed ben Sebaik and the Merchant Hassan dcclvi [756] a. Story of Prince Seif el Mulouk and the Princess Bediya el Jemal dcclviii [758] 155. Hassan of Bassora and the King's Daughter of the Jinn dcclxxviii [778] 156. Khelifeh the Fisherman of Baghdad dcccxxxii [832] 157. Mesrour and Zein el Mewasif dcccxlv [845] 158. Ali Noureddin and the Frank King's Daughter dccclxiii [863] 159. The Man of Upper Egypt and his Frank Wife dcccxciv [894] 160. The Ruined Man of Baghdad and his Slave girl dcccxcvi [896] 161. King Jelyaad of Hind and his Vizier Shimas: whereafter ensueth the History of King Wird Khan son of King Jelyaad and his Women and Viziers dcccxcix [899] a. The Cat and the Mouse dcccc [900] b. The Fakir and his Pot of Butter dccccii [902] c. The Fishes and the Crab dcccciii [903] d. The Crow and the Serpent dcccciii [903] e. The Fox and the Wild Ass dcccciv [904] f. The Unjust King and the Pilgrim Prince dccccv [905] g. The Crows and the Hawk dccccvi [906] h. The Serpent-Charmer and his Wife dccccvii [907] i. The Spider and the Wind dccccviii [908] j. The Two Kings dccccix [909] k. The Blind Man and the Cripple dccccx [910] l. The Foolish Fisherman dccccxviii [918] m. The Boy and the Thieves dccccxviii [918] n. The Man and his Wilful Wife dccccxix [919] o. The Merchant and the Thieves dccccxx [920] p. The Foxes and the Wolf dccccxxi [921]


not green and not a card. Less frequently used now because of the decrease in the use of assembly language. "I'll go get my green card so I can check the addressing mode for that instruction."
The original green card became a yellow card when the System/370 was introduced, and later a yellow booklet. An anecdote from IBM refers to a scene that took place in a programmers' terminal room at Yorktown in 1978. A luser overheard one of the programmers ask another "Do you have a green card?" The other grunted and passed the first a thick yellow booklet. At this point the luser turned a delicate shade of olive and rapidly left the room, never to return.
In fall 2000 it was reported from Electronic Data Systems that the green card for 370 machines has been a blue-green booklet since 1989.
Node:green lightning, Next:green machine, Previous:green card, Up:= G = green lightning n.
[IBM] 1. Apparently random flashing streaks on the face of 3278-9 terminals while a new symbol set is being downloaded. This hardware bug was left deliberately unfixed, as some genius within IBM suggested it would let the user know that 'something is happening'. That, it certainly does. Later microprocessor-driven IBM color graphics displays were actually programmed to produce green lightning! 2. [proposed] Any bug perverted into an alleged feature by adroit rationalization or marketing. "Motorola calls the CISC cruft in the 88000 architecture 'compatibility logic', but I call it green lightning". See also feature (sense 6).
Node:green machine, Next:Green's Theorem, Previous:green lightning, Up:= G = green machine n. A computer or peripheral device that has been designed and built to military specifications for field equipment (that is, to withstand mechanical shock, extremes of temperature and humidity, and so forth). Comes from the olive-drab 'uniform' paint used for military equipment.
Node:Green's Theorem, Next:greenbar, Previous:green machine, Up:= G = Green's Theorem prov.
[TMRC] For any story, in any group of people there will be at least one person who has not heard the story. A refinement of the theorem states that there will be exactly one person (if there were more than one, it wouldn't be as bad to re-tell the story). [The name of this theorem is a play on a fundamental theorem in calculus. --ESR] Node:greenbar, Next:grep, Previous:Green's Theorem, Up:= G = greenbar n. A style of fanfolded continuous-feed paper with alternating green and white bars on it, especially used in old-style line printers. This slang almost certainly dates way back to mainframe days.
Node:grep, Next:gribble, Previous:greenbar, Up:= G = grep /grep/ vi.
[from the qed/ed editor idiom g/re/p, where re stands for a regular expression, to Globally search for the Regular Expression and Print the lines containing matches to it, via Unix grep(1)] To rapidly scan a file or set of files looking for a particular string or pattern (when browsing through a large set of files, one may speak of 'grepping around'). By extension, to look for something by pattern. "Grep the bulletin board for the system backup schedule, would you?" See also vgrep.
[It has also been alleged that the source is from the title of a paper "A General Regular Expression Parser" -ESR] Node:gribble, Next:grilf, Previous:grep, Up:= G = gribble n. Random binary data rendered as unreadable text. Noise characters in a data stream are displayed as gribble. Modems with mismatched bitrates usually generate gribble (more specifically, baud barf). Dumping a binary file to the screen is an excellent source of gribble, and (if the bell/speaker is active) headaches.
Node:grilf, Next:grind, Previous:gribble, Up:= G = grilf // n. Girlfriend. Like newsfroup and filk, a typo reincarnated as a new word. Seems to have originated sometime in 1992 on Usenet. [A friend tells me there was a Lloyd Biggle SF novel "Watchers Of The Dark", in which alien species after species goes insane and begins to chant "Grilf! Grilf!". A human detective eventually determines that the word means "Liar!"
I hope this has nothing to do with the popularity of the Usenet term. --ESR] Node:grind, Next:grind crank, Previous:grilf, Up:= G = grind vt.
1. [MIT and Berkeley; now rare] To prettify hardcopy of code, especially LISP code, by reindenting lines, printing keywords and comments in distinct fonts (if available), etc. This usage was associated with the MacLISP community and is now rare; prettyprint was and is the generic term for such operations. 2. [Unix] To generate the formatted version of a document from the nroff, troff, TeX, or Scribe source. 3. [common] To run seemingly interminably, esp. (but not necessarily) if performing some tedious and inherently useless task. Similar to crunch or grovel. Grinding has a connotation of using a lot of CPU time, but it is possible to grind a disk, network, etc. See also hog. 4. To make the whole system slow. "Troff really grinds a PDP-11." 5. 'grind grind' excl. Roughly, "Isn't the machine slow today!"
Node:grind crank, Next:gripenet, Previous:grind, Up:= G = grind crank n. // A mythical accessory to a terminal. A crank on the side of a monitor, which when operated makes a zizzing noise and causes the computer to run faster. Usually one does not refer to a grind crank out loud, but merely makes the appropriate gesture and noise. See grind.
Historical note: At least one real machine actually had a grind crank -- the R1, a research machine built toward the end of the days of the great vacuum tube computers, in 1959. R1 (also known as 'The Rice Institute Computer' (TRIC) and later as 'The Rice University Computer' (TRUC)) had a single-step/free-run switch for use when debugging programs. Since single-stepping through a large program was rather tedious, there was also a crank with a cam and gear arrangement that repeatedly pushed the single-step button. This allowed one to 'crank' through a lot of code, then slow down to single-step for a bit when you got near the code of interest, poke at some registers using the console typewriter, and then keep on cranking.
Node:gripenet, Next:gritch, Previous:grind crank, Up:= G = gripenet n.
[IBM] A wry (and thoroughly unofficial) name for IBM's internal VNET system, deriving from its common use by IBMers to voice pointed criticism of IBM management that would be taboo in more formal channels.
Node:gritch, Next:grok, Previous:gripenet, Up:= G = gritch /grich/ [MIT] 1. n. A complaint (often caused by a glitch). 2. vi. To complain. Often verb-doubled: "Gritch gritch". 3. A synonym for glitch (as verb or noun).
Interestingly, this word seems to have a separate history from glitch, with which it is often confused. Back in the early 1960s, when 'glitch' was strictly a hardware-tech's term of art, the Burton House dorm at M.I.T.
maintained a "Gritch Book", a blank volume, into which the residents hand-wrote complaints, suggestions, and witticisms.
Previous years' volumes of this tradition were maintained, dating back to antiquity. The word "gritch" was described as a portmanteau of "gripe" and "bitch". Thus, sense 3 above is at least historically incorrect.
Node:grok, Next:gronk, Previous:gritch, Up:= G = grok /grok/, var. /grohk/ vt.
[from the novel "Stranger in a Strange Land", by


A decorative member having the shape of a triangular gable, such as that above a Gothic arch in a doorway.

Bell gable. See under Bell. -- Gable roof, a double sloping roof which forms a gable at each end. -- Gable wall. Same as Gable (b). -- Gable window, a window in a gable.

 Ga"blet (?), n. (Arch.) A small gable, or gable-shaped canopy, formed over a tabernacle, niche, etc.

 Gab"lock (?), n. [See Gavelock.] A false spur or gaff, fitted on the heel of a gamecock. Wright.
 Ga"by (?), n. [Icel. gapi a rash, reckless man. Cf. Gafe.] A simpleton; a dunce; a lout. [Colloq.]

 Gad (?), n. [OE. gad, Icel. gaddr goad, sting; akin to Sw. gadd sting, Goth. gazds, G. gerte switch. See Yard a measure.] 1. The point of a spear, or an arrowhead.

2. A pointed or wedge-shaped instrument of metal, as a steel wedge used in mining, etc.

 I will go get a leaf of brass, And with a gad of steel will write these words.

Shak.
3. A sharp-pointed rod; a goad.

4. A spike on a gauntlet; a gadling. Fairholt.
5. A wedge-shaped billet of iron or steel. [Obs.]

 Flemish steel... some in bars and some in gads.

Moxon.
6. A rod or stick, as a fishing rod, a measuring rod, or a rod used to drive cattle with. [Prov. Eng. Local, U.S.] Halliwell. Bartlett.
Upon the gad, upon the spur of the moment; hastily. [Obs.] "All this done upon the gad!" Shak.
 Gad, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gadded; p. pr. & vb. n.
 Gadding.] [Prob. fr. gad, n., and orig. meaning to drive about.] To walk about; to rove or go about, without purpose; hence, to run wild; to be uncontrolled. "The gadding vine." Milton.
 Why gaddest thou about so much to change thy way?

Jer. ii. 36.
 Gad"a*bout' (?), n. A gadder [Colloq.]

 Gad"bee' (?), n. (Zoöl.) The gadfly.

 Gad"der (?), n. One who roves about idly, a rambling gossip.

 Gad"ding, a. & n. Going about much, needlessly or without purpose.

 Envy is a gadding passion, and walketh the streets.

Bacon.
 The good nuns would check her gadding tongue.

Tennyson.
Gadding car, in quarrying, a car which carries a drilling machine so arranged as to drill a line of holes.

 Gad"ding*ly (?), adv. In a roving, idle manner.

 Gad"dish (?), a. Disposed to gad. -- Gad"dish*nes, n.
 "Gaddishness and folly." Abp. Leighton.
 Gade (?), n. [Cf. Cod the fish.] (Zoöl.) (a) A small British fish (Motella argenteola) of the Cod family. (b) A pike, so called at Moray Firth; -- called also gead. [Prov. Eng.]

 Gad"er*e (?), Gad"re (&?;), v. t. & i. To gather. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Gad"fly' (?), n.; pl. Gadflies (#). [Gad + fly.]
 (Zoöl.) Any dipterous insect of the genus Oestrus, and allied genera of botflies.

 The sheep gadfly (Oestrus ovis) deposits its young in the nostrils of sheep, and the larvæ develop in the frontal sinuses. The common species which infests cattle (Hypoderma bovis) deposits its eggs upon or in the skin where the larvæ or bots live and produce sores called wormels. The gadflies of the horse produce the intestinal parasites called bots. See Botfly, and Bots. The true horseflies are often erroneously called gadflies, and the true gadflies are sometimes incorrectly called breeze flies.

Gadfly petrel (Zoöl.), one of several small petrels of the genus Oestrelata.

 Gadhel"ic (gl"k), a. [See Gaelic.] Of or pertaining to that division of the Celtic languages, which includes the Irish, Gaelic, and Manx. J. Peile.
 Gad"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, the cod (Gadus); -- applied to an acid obtained from cod-liver oil, viz., gadic acid.

 Gad'i*ta'ni*an (?), a. [L. Gaditanus, fr. Gades Cadiz.] Of or relating to Cadiz, in Spain. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Cadiz.

 Gad"ling (?), n. [Gad, n. + - ling.] (Mediæval Armor) [R.] See Gad, n., 4.

 Gad"ling, a. [See Gad, v. i.] Gadding about. [Obs.]

 Gad"ling, n. A roving vagabond. [Obs.] Rom. of R. Gadman (?), n. A gadsman.

 Ga"doid (?; 277), a. [NL. gadus cod + -oid: cf. F. gadoïde gadoid, Gr. &?; a sort of fish, F. gade.] (Zoöl.)
 Of or pertaining to the family of fishes (Gadidæ) which includes the cod, haddock, and hake. -- n. One of the Gadidæ.
 [Written also gadid.]

 Gad'o*lin"i*a (?), n. [NL. See Gadolinite.] (Chem.) A rare earth, regarded by some as an oxide of the supposed element gadolinium, by others as only a mixture of the oxides of yttrium, erbium, ytterbium, etc.

 Gad'o*lin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to or containing gadolinium.

 Gad"o*lin*ite (?), n. [Named after Gadolin, a Russian chemist.] (Min.) A mineral of a nearly black color and vitreous luster, and consisting principally of the silicates of yttrium, cerium, and iron.

 Gad'o*lin"i*um (?), n. [NL. See Gadolinite.] (Chem.) A supposed rare metallic element, with a characteristic spectrum, found associated with yttrium and other rare metals. Its individuality and properties have not yet been determined.

 Gads"man (?), n. One who uses a gad or goad in driving.

 Gad"u*in (?), n.[NL. gadus codfish.] (Chem.) A yellow or brown amorphous substance, of indifferent nature, found in cod-liver oil.

 Gad"wall (?), n. [Gad to walk about + well.] (Zoöl.)
 A large duck (Anas strepera), valued as a game bird, found in the northern parts of Europe and America; -- called also gray duck.
 [Written also gaddwell.]

 Gael (?), n.sing. & pl. [See Gaelic.] (Ethnol.) A Celt or the Celts of the Scotch Highlands or of Ireland; now esp., a Scotch Highlander of Celtic origin.

 Gael"ic (?; 277), a. [Gael. Gàidhealach, Gaelach, from Gàidheal, Gael, a Scotch Highlander.] (


birds and their eggs and upon small mammals, and is often very destructive to poultry. It is sometimes tamed by the natives, and kept to destroy rats and mice.
 Called also mariput, Cape polecat, and African polecat.
 The name is sometimes erroneously applied to the American skunk.

 Zo'ro*as"tri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Zoroaster, or his religious system.

 Zo'ro*as"tri*an (?), n. A follower of Zoroaster; one who accepts Zoroastrianism.

 Zo'ro*as"tri*an*ism (?), n. The religious system of Zoroaster, the legislator and prophet of the ancient Persians, which was the national faith of Persia; mazdeism. The system presupposes a good spirit (Ormuzd) and an opposing evil spirit (Ahriman). Cf. Fire worship, under Fire, and Parsee.

 Zo'ro*as"trism (?), n. Same as Zoroastrianism. Tylor.
 ||Zos"ter (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; girdle, zoster. See Zone.]
 (Med.) Shingles.

 ||Zos"te*ra (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of plants of the Naiadaceæ, or Pondweed family. Zostera marina is commonly known as sea wrack, and eelgrass.

 ||Zos"ter*ops (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; girdle + &?;, &?;, the eye.] (Zoöl.) A genus of birds that comprises the white-eyes. See White-eye.

 Zouave (?; 277), n. [F., fr. Ar. Zouaoua a tribe of Kabyles living among the Jurjura mountains in Algeria.] (Mil.) (a) One of an active and hardy body of soldiers in the French service, originally Arabs, but now composed of Frenchmen who wear the Arab dress.
 (b) Hence, one of a body of soldiers who adopt the dress and drill of the Zouaves, as was done by a number of volunteer regiments in the army of the United States in the Civil War, 1861-65.

 Zounds (?), interj. [Contracted from God's wounds.] An exclamation formerly used as an oath, and an expression of anger or wonder.

 Zoutch (?; 277), v. t. (Cookery) To stew, as flounders, eels, etc., with just enough or liquid to cover them. Smart.
 Zubr (zbr), n. [Polish ubr.] (Zoöl.) The aurochs.

 Zuche (zch), n. A stump of a tree. Cowell.
 Zu*chet"to (?), n. [It. zucchetto.] (R. C. Ch.) A skullcap covering the tonsure, worn under the berretta. The pope's is white; a cardinal's red; a bishop's purple; a priest's black.

 ||Zu"fo*lo (?; 277), n. [It.] (Mus.) A little flute or flageolet, especially that which is used to teach birds. [Written also zuffolo.]

 Zui"sin (?), n. (Zoöl.) The American widgeon. [Local, U. S.]

 Zu"lus (z"lz), n. pl.; sing. Zulu (-l). (Ethnol.)
 The most important tribe belonging to the Kaffir race. They inhabit a region on the southeast coast of Africa, but formerly occupied a much more extensive country. They are noted for their warlike disposition, courage, and military skill.

 Zum*boo"ruk (?), n. [Turk. & Ar. zambrak, fr. Ar. zambr a hornet.] (Mil.) A small cannon supported by a swiveled rest on the back of a camel, whence it is fired, -- used in the East.

 Zu"mic (?), a., Zu'mo*log"ic*al (&?;), a., Zu*mol"o*gy (&?;), n., Zu*mom"e*ter (&?;), n., etc. See Zymic, Zymological, etc.

 Zu"ñis (?), n. pl.; sing. Zuñi (&?;). (Ethnol.)
 A tribe of Pueblo Indians occupying a village in New Mexico, on the Zuñi River.

 Zun"yite (?), n. (Min.) A fluosilicate of alumina occurring in tetrahedral crystals at the Zuñi mine in Colorado.

 ||Zwan"zi*ger (tsvän"ts*gr), n. [G.] An Austrian silver coin equivalent to 20 kreutzers, or about 10 cents.

 ||Zy*gan"trum (?), n.; pl. Zygantra (#). [Gr. zygo'n a yoke + &?; a cave, hole.] (Anat.) See under Zygosphene.

 Zyg'a*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Zygapophyses (#). [Gr.
 zygo'n a yoke + E. apophysis.] (Anat.) One of the articular processes of a vertebra, of which there are usually four, two anterior and two posterior. See under Vertebra. -- Zyg'ap*o*phys"i*al (#), a. Zyg"e*nid (?), n. [Cf. Gr. &?;, probably the hammer-headed shark.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of moths of the family Zygænidæ, most of which are bright colored. The wood nymph and the vine forester are examples. Also used adjectively.

 ||Zyg'o*bran"chi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. zygo'n a yoke + &?; a gill.] (Zoöl.) A division of marine gastropods in which the gills are developed on both sides of the body and the renal organs are also paired. The abalone (Haliotis) and the keyhole limpet (Fissurella) are examples.

 Zyg'o*bran"chi*ate (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Zygobranchia.

 { Zyg'o*dac"tyl, Zyg'o*dac"tyle } (?), n. [See Zygodactylic.] (Zoöl.)
 Any zygodactylous bird.

 ||Zyg'o*dac"ty*læ (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) The zygodactylous birds. In a restricted sense applied to a division of birds which includes the barbets, toucans, honey guides, and other related birds.

 ||Zyg'o*dac"ty*li (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) Same as Scansores.

 { Zyg'o*dac"ty*lic (?), Zyg'o*dac"tyl*ous (?; 277), } a. [Gr.
 zygo'n a yoke, pair + &?; finger, toe: cf. F. zygodactyle.] (Zoöl.)
 Yoke-footed; having the toes disposed in pairs; -- applied to birds which have two toes before and two behind, as the parrot, cuckoo, woodpecker, etc.

 ||Zy*go"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to yoke, zygo'n a yoke.] (Anat.) (a) The jugal, malar, or cheek bone.
 (b) The zygomatic process of the temporal bone. (c) The whole zygomatic arch.

 Zyg'o*mat"ic (?; 277), a. [Cf.


20,000 Year Old Cave Paintings Foreword by the Editor This is a XHTML version of "French Cave Paintings", originally published by Project Gutenberg on April 1995 as e-text #249 and consisting of a set of documents available under the Generic Name of "cavepxxx.xxx".
These documents have been embedded together in this strictly valid (as of the time it was prepared) XHTML 1.0 document, thanks to which they can be viewed as a single multimedia document using any Web browser capable to render standard, well-formed HTML or XHTML files.
Complete, up-to-date, information about the Library Catalog Record referring to this work, and its past and possible future editions, can be found starting from the Project Gutenberg Web site, _URL_ Rome, November 2000.
CONTENTS Document: Cavep.eng Document: Cavep.fr List of Pictures (JPEG) JPEG Pictures chevo11.jpg mamot11.jpg gvpda11.jpg hyene11.jpg List of Pictures (GIF) GIF Pictures chevo11.gif mamot11.gif gvpda.gif hyene11.gif We are not sure Mr. Clottes wants to keep a copyright on these, or whether he wants to put them in the Public Domain; in either case, we would prefer not to jeopardize his rights, and we thus are preparing this release as if it were copyrighted in 1995.
The translation in the original message we received was: "All rights reserved" so we are presuming the copyright.
"Tous droits reserves" in the original French message... which is also included in this package and in English.
If you want to get permission to use these for more uses than a private one, we suggest you contact the Minstry of Culture.
Here is the permission statement we received in both French and English, and we are VERY glad to have received it on such short notice, and did not want to disturb things further by asking an additional time for more details.
Monsieur, Comme suite votre courrier ilectronique du 7 fivrier dernier, je vous informe que M. Jean Clottes, conseiller scientifique du sous-directeur de l'archiologie et auteur des quatre photographies et du texte sur la grotte ricemment dicouverte en Ardhche, a donni son autorisation pour l'utilisation de ses photographies dans le cadre du projet de CD-ROM Gutenberg.
Merci de ne pas oublier de mentionner son nom sur les documents publiis.
Sir, As per your email of February 7th, I informed Mr. Jean Clottes, Scientific Consul to the Deputy-Director of Archeology and author of the four photographs and the texts concerning the cave paintings discovered in Ardhche, to get his authorization for the utilization of his photographs by the staff of Project Gutenberg's CDROM.
Please do not forget to mention his name in the documents you publish.
, Mr. Jacques TOUBON.
Discovered during December 1994 at Vallon-Pont-d'Arc (Ardeche, France), the cave, composed of several spacious galleries and dens, is adorned with some 300 paleolithical paintings and engravings (dating 18,000 - 20,000 years before present time), which focus on a wide variety of animals including bears, owls, mammooths, rhinos and felines.
The cave has also retained several vestiges of human activities: fireplaces , entailed flints and other clues which denote an evolution in tools and habits. Totally left intact and untouched by any human intrusion throughout the ages, the cave represents and exceptional source of studies for archeologists.
In the wake of the artistical and archeological interest spawned by this thrilling discovery of national and international importance, the Director of Cultural Heritage has signed on January 13th the proceedings to classify the site. This urgency measure, taking effect immediately, confers the cave for one year the same statute and privileges which the historical monuments benefit.
In order to ensure the preservation and the security of the cave, the Prefect of Ardeche has also signed on January 13 a by-law prohibiting the access to the cavity.
Paris, January the 18th, 1995 < Contents < Document: Cavep.eng Project Gutenberg Document: Cavep.fr This is the original message we received in French.
This file should be named cavep.fr The English translation should be named cavep.eng Decouverte d'une grotte ornee paleolithique a Vallon-Pont-d'Arc (Ardeche) Cliches : Ministere de la culture et de la francophonie - Direction du Patrimoine Jean Clottes. Tous droits reserves.
Une decouverte archeologique d'une importance exceptionnelle vient d'intervenir dans les gorges de l'Ardeche, en limite du site naturel classe, en l'espece d'un vaste reseau souterrain orne d'un tres grand nombre de peintures et de gravures d'epoque paleolithique (vers 18000-20000 ans avant le present).
La decouverte est intervenue sur le territoire de la commune de Vallon-Pont-d'Arc, le 25 decembre dernier, dans le cadre d'une prospection archeologique autorisee au titre des dispositions de la loi validee du 27 septembre 1941 portant reglementation de la recherche archeologique de France. Elle est le fait de M. Jean-Marie Chauvet, agent de surveillance titulaire au sein du Service regional de l'archeologie (D.R.A.C Rhône-Alpes) assiste de deux benevoles Mme Eliette Brunel-Deschamps et M. Christian Hillaire.
Au terme d'une desobstruction manuelle conduite dans un boyau tres etroit marquant le fond d'une cavite mineure s'ouvrant dans les falaises du Cirque d'Estre, les inventeurs ont debouche par une cheminee dans un tres vaste reseau totalement vierge, richement concretionne et recelant de nombreux restes paleontologiques en place (os d'ours de cavernesUrsus spelaeusdans leur bauge d'hibernation).
Les galeries, fortement dimensionnees (section de 5 x 4 metres en moyenne), joignent plusieurs vastes salles (jusqu'a 70 x 40 metres) et sont, de place en place, decorees de peintures et de gravures de figurations animalieres isolees ou organisees en panneaux comprenant plus de cinquante unites dont les dimensions varient de 0,50 m a 4 metres de long. Au total, environ 300 peintures a l'ocre rouge ou au noir ont ete actuellement observees et au moins autant de gravures. On remarque plusieurs cas de superposition, et, localement, des voiles concretionnes ou des griffades d'ours, l'ensemble de ces faits authentifiant (s'il en etait besoin) l'anciennete de ces decors.
a chaque extremite du reseau visite on peut constater la presence d'acces anciens actuellement colmates par des eboulis et des depots argileux.
L'ensemble des galeries parcourues cumule un lineaire de plusieurs centaines de metres au long duquel se developpe un bestiaire tres original et particulierement varie (chevaux, rhinoceros, lions, bisons, aurochs,


that strange absent look, as though his eyes would pierce the clouds that veiled Valhalla's walls and search for one beloved face among the warriors upon the benches.
Under his breath he said to his English squire, "I pray God that Olaf Trygvasson hears this now, and knows that I have been as faithful to him in his death as I was in his life."
He did not feel it when Alwin bent and touched the scarlet cloak-hem with his lips, nor did he hear the fervent murmur, "So faithful will I be to you hereafter."
THE END


hopes of.

 We hope no other from your majesty.

Shak.
 [Charity] hopeth all things.

1 Cor. xiii. 7.
2. To expect; to fear. [Obs.] "I hope he will be dead." Chaucer.
Hope is often used colloquially regarding uncertainties, with no reference to the future. "I hope she takes me to be flesh and blood." Mrs. Centlivre.
 Hope"ful (?), a. 1. Full of hope, or agreeable expectation; inclined to hope; expectant.

 Men of their own natural inclination hopeful and strongly conceited.

Hooker.
2. Having qualities which excite hope; affording promise of good or of success; as, a hopeful youth; a hopeful prospect. "Hopeful scholars." Addison.
 -- Hope"ful*ly, adv. -- Hope"ful*ness, n. Hope"ite (?), n. [Named after Professor Hope, of Edinburgh.]
 (Min.) A hydrous phosphate of zinc in transparent prismatic crystals.

 Hope"less, a. 1. Destitute of hope; having no expectation of good; despairing.

 I am a woman, friendless, hopeless.

Shak.
2. Giving no ground of hope; promising nothing desirable; desperate; as, a hopeless cause.

 The hopelessword of "never to return" Breathe I against thee, upon pain of life.

Shak.
3. Unhoped for; despaired of. [Obs.] Marston.
 -- Hope"less*ly, adv. -- Hope"less*ness, n. Hop"er (?), n. One who hopes. Swift.
 Hop"ing*ly, adv. In a hopeful manner. Hammond.
 Hop"lite (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; tool, weapon: cf. F. hoplite.]
 (Gr. Antiq.) A heavy-armed infantry soldier. Milford.
 { Hop"-o'-my-thumb" (?), Hop"-thumb" }, n. A very diminutive person. [Colloq.] liwell.
 Hopped (?), p. a. Impregnated with hops.

 Hop"per (?), n. [See 1st Hop.] 1. One who, or that which, hops.

2. A chute, box, or receptacle, usually funnel-shaped with an opening at the lower part, for delivering or feeding any material, as to a machine; as, the wooden box with its trough through which grain passes into a mill by joining or shaking, or a funnel through which fuel passes into a furnace, or coal, etc., into a car.

3. (Mus.) See Grasshopper, 2.

4. pl. A game. See Hopscotch. Johnson.
5. (Zoöl.) (a) See Grasshopper, and Frog hopper, Grape hopper, Leaf hopper, Tree hopper, under Frog, Grape, Leaf, and Tree. (b) The larva of a cheese fly.

6. (Naut.) A vessel for carrying waste, garbage, etc., out to sea, so constructed as to discharge its load by a mechanical contrivance; -- called also dumping scow.

Bell and hopper (Metal.), the apparatus at the top of a blast furnace, through which the charge is introduced, while the gases are retained. -- Hopper boy, a rake in a mill, moving in a circle to spread meal for drying, and to draw it over an opening in the floor, through which it falls. -- Hopper closet, a watercloset, without a movable pan, in which the receptacle is a funnel standing on a draintrap. -- Hopper cock, a faucet or valve for flushing the hopper of a water-closet.

 Hop"per*ings (?), n. (Gold Washing) Gravel retaining in the hopper of a cradle.

 Hop'pes*tere" (?), a. An unexplained epithet used by Chaucer in reference to ships. By some it is defined as "dancing (on the wave)"; by others as "opposing," "warlike." T. R. Lounsbury.
 Hop"pet (?), n. 1. A hand basket; also, a dish used by miners for measuring ore. [Prov. Eng.]

2. An infant in arms. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
 Hop"ping (?), n. The act of one who, or that which, hops; a jumping, frisking, or dancing.

Hopping Dick (Zoöl.), a thrush of Jamaica (Merula leucogenys), resembling the English blackbird in its familiar manners, agreeable song, and dark plumage.

 Hop"ping, n. [See 3rd Hop.] A gathering of hops.

 Hop"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoppled (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Hoppling (?).] [From Hop; cf. Hobble.] 1. To impede by a hopple; to tie the feet of (a horse or a cow) loosely together; to hamper; to hobble; as, to hopple an unruly or straying horse.

2. Fig.: To entangle; to hamper. Dr. H. More.
 Hop"ple, n. A fetter for horses, or cattle, when turned out to graze; -- chiefly used in the plural.

 Hop"ple*bush' (?), n. Same as Hobblebush.

 Hop"po (?), n. (a) A collector of customs, as at Canton; an overseer of commerce. (b) A tribunal or commission having charge of the revenue derived from trade and navigation. [China] Hoppo men, Chinese customhouse officers.

 Hop"scotch' (?), n. A child's game, in which a player, hopping on one foot, drives a stone from one compartment to another of a figure traced or scotched on the ground; -- called also hoppers.

 Hop"-thumb' (?), n. See Hop-o'- my-thumb.

 Hop"yard' (?), n. A field where hops are raised.

 Ho"ral (?), a. [L. horalis, fr. hora hour. See Hour.]
 Of or pertaining to an hour, or to hours. Prior.
 Ho"ra*ly (?), adv. Hourly. [Obs.]

 Ho"ra*ry (?), a. [LL. horarius, fr. L. hora hour: cf.
 F. horaire. See Hour.] 1. Of or pertaining to an hour; noting the hours. Spectator.
2. Occurring once an hour; continuing an hour; hourly; ephemeral.

Horary, or soon decaying, fruits of summer.

Sir T. Browne.
Horary circles. See Circles.

 Ho*ra"tian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Horace, the Latin poet, or resembling his style.

 Horde (hrd), n. [F. horde (cf. G. horde), fr. Turk.
 ord, ord, camp; of Tartar origin.] A wandering troop or gang; especially, a clan or tribe of a nomadic people migrating from place to place for the sake of pasturage, plunder, etc.; a predatory multitude.
 Thomson.
 Hor*de"ic (?), a. [L. hordeum barley.] (Chem.)
 Pertaining to, or derived from, barley; as, hordeic acid, an acid identical or isomeric with lauric acid.

 Hor"de*in (?), n. [L. hordeum barley.] (Chem.) A peculiar starchy matter contained in barley. It is a complex mixture. [R.]

 ||Hor*de"o*lum (?), n. [NL., fr. L. hordeolus, dim. of hordeum barley.] (Med.) A small tumor upon the eyelid, resembling a grain of barley; a sty.

 Hor"dock' (?), n. An unidentified plant mentioned by Shakespeare, perhaps equivalent


rm), a. [L. radula a scraper + -form.] Rasplike; as, raduliform teeth.

 Raff (rf), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Raffed (rft); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Raffing.] [OF. raffer, of German origin; cf. G. raffen; akin to E. rap to snatch. See Rap, and cf. Riffraff, Rip to tear.]
 To sweep, snatch, draw, or huddle together; to take by a promiscuous sweep. [Obs.]

 Causes and effects which I thus raff up together.

Carew.
 Raff, n. 1. A promiscuous heap; a jumble; a large quantity; lumber; refuse. "A raff of errors." Barrow.
2. The sweepings of society; the rabble; the mob; -- chiefly used in the compound or duplicate, riffraff.

3. A low fellow; a churl.

Raff merchant, a dealer in lumber and odd refuse. [Prov. Eng.]

 Raf'fa*el*esque" (rf'f*l*sk"), a. Raphaelesque.

 Raf"fi*a (rf"f*), n. (Bot.) A fibrous material used for tying plants, said to come from the leaves of a palm tree of the genus Raphia.
 J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).
 Raf"fi*nose' (rf"f*ns'), n. [F. raffiner to refine.] (Chem.)
 A colorless crystalline slightly sweet substance obtained from the molasses of the sugar beet.

 Raff"ish (rf"sh), a. Resembling, or having the character of, raff, or a raff; worthless; low.

 A sad, raffish, disreputable character.

Thackeray.
 Raf"fle (rf"f'l), n. [F. rafle; faire rafle to sweep stakes, fr. rafler to carry or sweep away, rafler tout to sweep stakes; of German origin; cf. G. raffeln to snatch up, to rake. See Raff, v.] 1. A kind of lottery, in which several persons pay, in shares, the value of something put up as a stake, and then determine by chance (as by casting dice) which one of them shall become the sole possessor.

2. A game of dice in which he who threw three alike won all the stakes. [Obs.] Cotgrave.
 Raf"fle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Raffled (-f'ld); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Raffling (-flng).] To engage in a raffle; as, to raffle for a watch.

 Raf"fle, v. t. To dispose of by means of a raffle; -- often followed by off; as, to raffle off a horse.

 Raf"fler (rf"flr), n. One who raffles.

 ||Raf*fle"si*a (rf*fl"zh*), n. [NL. Named from its discoverer, Sir S. Raffles.] (Bot.) A genus of stemless, leafless plants, living parasitically upon the roots and stems of grapevines in Malaysia.
 The flowers have a carrionlike odor, and are very large, in one species (Rafflesia Arnoldi) having a diameter of two or three feet.

 Raft (rft), obs. imp. & p. p. of Reave. Spenser.
 Raft, n. [Originally, a rafter, spar, and fr. Icel. raptr a rafter; akin to Dan. raft, Prov. G. raff a rafter, spar; cf.
 OHG. rfo, rvo, a beam, rafter, Icel. rf roof. Cf.
 Rafter, n.] 1. A collection of logs, boards, pieces of timber, or the like, fastened together, either for their own collective conveyance on the water, or to serve as a support in conveying other things; a float.

2. A collection of logs, fallen trees, etc. (such as is formed in some Western rivers of the United States), which obstructs navigation.
 [U.S.]

3. [Perhaps akin to raff a heap.] A large collection of people or things taken indiscriminately. [Slang, U. S.] "A whole raft of folks." W. D. Howells.
Raft bridge. (a) A bridge whose points of support are rafts.
 (b) A bridge that consists of floating timbers fastened together.
 -- Raft duck. [The name alludes to its swimming in dense flocks.]
 (Zoöl.) (a) The bluebill, or greater scaup duck; -- called also flock duck. See Scaup. (b) The redhead. -- Raft port (Naut.), a large, square port in a vessel's side for loading or unloading timber or other bulky articles; a timber or lumber port.

 Raft, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rafted; p. pr. & vb. n.
 Rafting.] To transport on a raft, or in the form of a raft; to make into a raft; as, to raft timber.

 Raf"te (rf"te), obs. imp. of Reave. Chaucer.
 Raft"er (rft"r), n. A raftsman.

 Raft"er, n. [AS. ræfter; akin to E. raft, n. See Raft.] (Arch.) Originally, any rough and somewhat heavy piece of timber. Now, commonly, one of the timbers of a roof which are put on sloping, according to the inclination of the roof. See Illust. of Queen-post.

 [Courtesy] oft is sooner found in lowly sheds, With smoky rafters, than in tapestry halls.

Milton.
 Raft"er, v. t. 1. To make into rafters, as timber.

2. To furnish with rafters, as a house.

3. (Agric.) To plow so as to turn the grass side of each furrow upon an unplowed ridge; to ridge. [Eng.]

 Raft"ing, n. The business of making or managing rafts.

 Rafts"man (rfts"man), n.; pl. Raftsmen (-men).
 A man engaged in rafting.

 Raf"ty (rf"t), a. [Perhaps akin to G. reif hoarfrost.] Damp; musty. [Prov. Eng.]

 Rag (rg), v. t. [Cf. Icel. rægja to calumniate, OHG.
 ruogen to accuse, G. rügen to censure, AS. wrgan, Goth. wrhjan to accuse.] To scold or rail at; to rate; to tease; to torment; to banter. [Prov. Eng.] Pegge.
 Rag, n. [OE. ragge, probably of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. rögg a tuft, shagginess, Sw. ragg rough hair. Cf. Rug, n.] 1.
 A piece of cloth torn off; a tattered piece of cloth; a shred; a tatter; a fragment.

 Cowls, hoods, and habits, with their wearers, tossed. And fluttered into rags.

Milton.
 Not having otherwise any rag of legality to cover the shame of their cruelty.

Fuller.
2. pl. Hence, mean or tattered attire; worn-out dress.

 And virtue, though in rags, will keep me warm.

Dryden.
3. A shabby, beggarly fellow; a ragamuffin.

 The other zealous rag is the compositor.

B. Jonson.
 Upon the proclamation, they all came in, both tag and rag.

Spenser.
4. (Geol.) A coarse kind of rock, somewhat cellular in texture.

5


jaws so guided as to remain parallel in all positions.

 Par"al*lel (?), n. 1. A line which, throughout its whole extent, is equidistant from another line; a parallel line, a parallel plane, etc.

 Who made the spider parallels design, Sure as De Moivre, without rule or line?

Pope.
2. Direction conformable to that of another line, Lines that from their parallel decline.

Garth.
3. Conformity continued through many particulars or in all essential points; resemblance; similarity.

 Twixt earthly females and the moon All parallels exactly run.

Swift.
4. A comparison made; elaborate tracing of similarity; as, Johnson's parallel between Dryden and Pope.

5. Anything equal to, or resembling, another in all essential particulars; a counterpart.

 None but thyself can be thy parallel.

Pope.
6. (Geog.) One of the imaginary circles on the surface of the earth, parallel to the equator, marking the latitude; also, the corresponding line on a globe or map.

7. (Mil.) One of a series of long trenches constructed before a besieged fortress, by the besieging force, as a cover for troops supporting the attacking batteries. They are roughly parallel to the line of outer defenses of the fortress.

8. (Print.) A character consisting of two parallel vertical lines (thus, ||) used in the text to direct attention to a similarly marked note in the margin or at the foot of a page.

Limiting parallels. See under Limit, v. t. -- Parallel of altitude (Astron.), one of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the horizon; an almucantar. -- Parallel of declination (Astron.), one of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the equator. -- Parallel of latitude. (a) (Geog.) See def. 6. above. (b) (Astron.) One of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the ecliptic.

 Par"al*lel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paralleled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paralleling (?).] 1. To place or set so as to be parallel; to place so as to be parallel to, or to conform in direction with, something else.

 The needle... doth parallel and place itself upon the true meridian.

Sir T. Browne.
2. Fig.: To make to conform to something else in character, motive, aim, or the like.

 His life is paralleled Even with the stroke and line of his great justice.

Shak.
3. To equal; to match; to correspond to. Shak.
4. To produce or adduce as a parallel. [R.] Locke.
 My young remembrance can not parallel A fellow to it.

Shak.
 Par"al*lel, v. i. To be parallel; to correspond; to be like. [Obs.]
 Bacon.
 Par"al*lel'a*ble (?), a. Capable of being paralleled, or equaled.
 [R.] Bp. Hall.
 Par"al*lel*ism (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to place side by side, or parallel: cf. F. parallélisme.]

1. The quality or state of being parallel.

2. Resemblance; correspondence; similarity.

 A close parallelism of thought and incident.

T. Warton.
3. Similarity of construction or meaning of clauses placed side by side, especially clauses expressing the same sentiment with slight modifications, as is common in Hebrew poetry; e. g.: -- At her feet he bowed, he fell: Where he bowed, there he fell down dead.

Judg. v. 27.
 Par'al*lel*is"tic (?), a. Of the nature of a parallelism; involving parallelism.

 The antithetic or parallelistic form of Hebrew poetry is entirely lost.

Milman.
 Par"al*lel*ize (?), v. t. To render parallel. [R.]

 Par"al*lel*less, a. Matchless. [R.]

 Par"al*lel*ly, adv. In a parallel manner; with parallelism. [R.] Dr.
 H. More.
 Par'al*lel"o*gram (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; parallel + &?; to write: cf. F. parallélogramme. See Parallel, and -gram.]
 (Geom.) A right-lined quadrilateral figure, whose opposite sides are parallel, and consequently equal; -- sometimes restricted in popular usage to a rectangle, or quadrilateral figure which is longer than it is broad, and with right angles.

Parallelogram of velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc. (Mech.), a parallelogram the diagonal of which represents the resultant of two velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc., both in quantity and direction, when the velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc., are represented in quantity and direction by the two adjacent sides of the parallelogram.

 Par'al*lel'o*gram*mat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a parallelogram; parallelogrammic.

 { Par'al*lel'o*gram"mic (?), Par'al*lel'o*gram"mic*al (?), } a. Having the properties of a parallelogram. [R.]

 Par'al*lel'o*pi"ped (?), n. [Gr. &?; a body with parallel surfaces; &?; parallel + &?; a plane surface, &?; on the ground, or level with it, level, flat; &?; on + &?; the ground: cf. F. parallélopipède.] (Geom.) A solid, the faces of which are six parallelograms, the opposite pairs being parallel, and equal to each other; a prism whose base is a parallelogram.

 Par'al*lel'o*pip"e*don (?), n. [NL.] A parallelopiped. Hutton.
 Par'a*log"ic*al (?), a. Containing paralogism; illogical. "Paralogical doubt." Sir T. Browne.
 Pa*ral"o*gism (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to reason falsely; para' beside + &?; to reason, &?; discourse, reason: cf. F. paralogisme.]
 (Logic) A reasoning which is false in point of form, that is, which is contrary to logical rules or formulæ; a formal fallacy, or pseudosyllogism, in which the conclusion does not follow from the premises.

 Pa*ral"o*gize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paralogized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paralogizing (?).] [Gr. &?;.] To reason falsely; to draw conclusions not warranted by the premises. [R.]

 Pa*ral"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; para' beside, beyond + &?; reason.] False reasoning; paralogism.

 Par"a*lyse (?), v. t. Same as Paralyze.

 Pa*ral"y*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to loosen, dissolve, or disable at the side; para' beside + &?; to loosen. See Para-, and Loose, and cf. Palsy.] (Med.) Abolition of function, whether complete or partial; esp., the loss of the power of voluntary motion, with or without that of sensation, in any part of the body; palsy.
 See Hemiplegia, and Par


call of duty. Macaulay.
5. A divine vocation or summons.

 St. Paul himself believed he did well, and that he had a call to it, when he persecuted the Christians. Locke.
6. Vocation; employment. [In this sense, calling is generally used.]

7. A short visit; as, to make a call on a neighbor; also, the daily coming of a tradesman to solicit orders.

 The baker's punctual call. Cowper.
8. (Hunting) A note blown on the horn to encourage the hounds.

9. (Naut.) A whistle or pipe, used by the boatswain and his mate, to summon the sailors to duty.

10. (Fowling) The cry of a bird; also a noise or cry in imitation of a bird; or a pipe to call birds by imitating their note or cry.

11. (Amer. Land Law) A reference to, or statement of, an object, course, distance, or other matter of description in a survey or grant requiring or calling for a corresponding object, etc., on the land.

12. The privilege to demand the delivery of stock, grain, or any commodity, at a fixed, price, at or within a certain time agreed on.
 [Brokers' Cant] 13. See Assessment, 4.

At call, or On call, liable to be demanded at any moment without previous notice; as money on deposit. -- Call bird, a bird taught to allure others into a snare. -- Call boy (a) A boy who calls the actors in a theater; a boy who transmits the orders of the captain of a vessel to the engineer, helmsman, etc. (b) A waiting boy who answers a cal, or cames at the ringing of a bell; a bell boy. -- Call note, the note naturally used by the male bird to call the female. It is artificially applied by birdcatchers as a decoy. Latham.
 -- Call of the house (Legislative Bodies), a calling over the names of members, to discover who is absent, or for other purposes; a calling of names with a view to obtaining the ayes and noes from the persons named. -- Call to the bar, admission to practice in the courts.

 Cal"la (kl"l), n. [Linnæus derived Calla fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; a cock's wattles but cf. L. calla, calsa, name of an unknown plant, and Gr. kalo's beautiful.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, of the order Araceæ.

 The common Calla of cultivation is Richardia Africana, belonging to another genus of the same order. Its large spathe is pure white, surrounding a fleshy spike, which is covered with minute apetalous flowers.

 Cal"lat (?), n. Same as Callet. [Obs.]

 A callat of boundless tongue. Shak.
 Calle (?), n. [See Caul.] A kind of head covering; a caul. [Obs.]
 Chaucer.
 Call"er (?), n. One who calls.

 ||Cal"ler (?), a. [Scot.] 1. Cool; refreshing; fresh; as, a caller day; the caller air. Jamieson.
2. Fresh; in good condition; as, caller berrings.

 Cal"let (?), n. [Cf. Ir. & Gael. caile a country woman, strumpet.] A trull or prostitute; a scold or gossip. [Obs.] [Written also callat.]

 Cal"let v. i. To rail or scold. [Obs.] Brathwait.
 Cal"lid (?), a. [L. callidus, fr. callere to be thick-skinned, to be hardened, to be practiced, fr. callum, callus, callous skin, callosity, callousness.] Characterized by cunning or shrewdness; crafty. [R.]

 Cal*lid"i*ty (?), n. [L. calliditas.] Acuteness of discernment; cunningness; shrewdness. [R.]

 Her eagly-eyed callidity. C. Smart.
 Cal*lig"ra*pher (?), n. One skilled in calligraphy; a good penman.

 { Cal'li*graph"ic (?), Cal'li*graph"ic*al (?), } a., [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;; pref. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;- (fr. &?;&?;&?;&?; beautiful) + &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; to write; cf. F. calligraphique.] Of or pertaining to calligraphy.

 Excellence in the calligraphic act. T. Warton.
 Cal*lig"ra*phist (?), n. A calligrapher Cal*lig"ra*phy, n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;: cf. F. calligraphie.] Fair or elegant penmanship.

 Call"ing (?), n. 1. The act of one who calls; a crying aloud, esp. in order to summon, or to attact the attention of, some one.

2. A summoning or convocation, as of Parliament.

 The frequent calling and meeting of Parlaiment. Macaulay.
3. A divine summons or invitation; also, the state of being divinely called.

 Who hath... called us with an holy calling. 2 Tim. i.
 9.
 Give diligence to make yior calling... sure. 2 Pet. i.
 10.
4. A naming, or inviting; a reading over or reciting in order, or a call of names with a view to obtaining an answer, as in legislative bodies.

5. One's usual occupation, or employment; vocation; business; trade.

 The humble calling of ter female parent. Thackeray.
6. The persons, collectively, engaged in any particular professions or employment.

 To impose celibacy on wholy callings. Hammond.
7. Title; appellation; name. [Obs.]

 I am more proud to be Sir Rowland's son His youngest son, and would not change that calling. Shak.
Syn. -- Occupation; employment; business; trade; profession; office; engagement; vocation.

 Cal*li"o*pe (kl*l"*p), n. [L. Calliope, Gr. Kallio'ph, lit, the beautiful-voiced; pref. kalli- (from kalo's beautiful) + 'o'ps, 'opo's, voice.] 1. (Class. Myth.) The Muse that presides over eloquence and heroic poetry; mother of Orpheus, and chief of the nine Muses.

2. (Astron.) One of the asteroids. See Solar.

3. A musical instrument consisting of a series of steam whistles, toned to the notes of the scale, and played by keys arranged like those of an organ. It is sometimes attached to steamboat boilers.

4. (Zoöl.) A beautiful species of humming bird (Stellula Calliope) of California and adjacent regions.

 ||Cal'li*op"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. pref. kalli- (fr. kalo's beautiful) + 'o'psis appearance.] (Bot.) A popular name given to a few species of the genus Coreopsis, especially to C. tinctoria of Arkansas.

 Cal'li*pash" (&?;), n. See Calipash.

 Cal'li*pee" (&?;), n. See Calipee.

 Cal'li*pers (&?;), n. pl. See Calipers.

 Cal'li*sec"tion (?), n. [L. callere to be insensible


Tattler.
6. Specif.: Any political division of the Dominion of Canada, having a governor, a local legislature, and representation in the Dominion parliament. Hence, colloquially, The Provinces, the Dominion of Canada.

 Pro*vin"cial (?), a. [L. provincialis: cf. F. provincial.
 See Province, and cf. Provencal.] 1. Of or pertaining to province; constituting a province; as, a provincial government; a provincial dialect.

2. Exhibiting the ways or manners of a province; characteristic of the inhabitants of a province; not cosmopolitan; countrified; not polished; rude; hence, narrow; illiberal. "Provincial airs and graces." Macaulay.
3. Of or pertaining to an ecclesiastical province, or to the jurisdiction of an archbishop; not ecumenical; as, a provincial synod. Ayliffe.
4. Of or pertaining to Provence; Provencal. [Obs.]

 With two Provincial roses on my razed shoes.

Shak.
 Pro*vin"cial, n. 1. A person belonging to a province; one who is provincial.

2. (R. C. Ch.) A monastic superior, who, under the general of his order, has the direction of all the religious houses of the same fraternity in a given district, called a province of the order.

 Pro*vin"cial*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. provincialisme.] A word, or a manner of speaking, peculiar to a province or a district remote from the mother country or from the metropolis; a provincial characteristic; hence, narrowness; illiberality. M. Arnold.
 Pro*vin"cial*ist, n. One who lives in a province; a provincial.

 Pro*vin'ci*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being provincial; peculiarity of language characteristic of a province. T. Warton.
 Pro*vin"cial*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Provincialized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Provincializing (?).] To render provincial. M. Arnold.
 Pro*vin"cial*ly, adv. In a provincial manner.

 Pro*vin"ci*ate (?), v. t. To convert into a province or provinces.
 [Obs.] Howell.
 Pro*vine" (?), v. i. [F. provingner, fr. provin a set, layer of a plant, OF. provain, from L. propago, -aginis, akin to propagare to propagate. See Propagate, Prune, v. t.]
 To lay a stock or branch of a vine in the ground for propagation. [Obs.]
 Johnson.
 Pro*vi"sion (?), n. [L. provisio: cf. F. provision.
 See Provide.] 1. The act of providing, or making previous preparation. Shak.
2. That which is provided or prepared; that which is brought together or arranged in advance; measures taken beforehand; preparation.

 Making provision for the relief of strangers.

Bacon.
3. Especially, a stock of food; any kind of eatables collected or stored; -- often in the plural.

 And of provisions laid in large, For man and beast.

Milton.
4. That which is stipulated in advance; a condition; a previous agreement; a proviso; as, the provisions of a contract; the statute has many provisions.

5. (R. C. Ch.) A canonical term for regular induction into a benefice, comprehending nomination, collation, and installation.

6. (Eng. Hist.) A nomination by the pope to a benefice before it became vacant, depriving the patron of his right of presentation. Blackstone.
 Pro*vi"sion (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Provisioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Provisioning.] To supply with food; to victual; as, to provision a garrison.

 They were provisioned for a journey.

Palfrey.
 Pro*vi"sion*al (?), a. [Cf. F. provisionnel.] Of the nature of a provision; serving as a provision for the time being; -- used of partial or temporary arrangements; as, a provisional government; a provisional treaty.

 Pro*vi"sion*al*ly, adv. By way of provision for the time being; temporarily. Locke.
 Pro*vi"sion*a*ry (?), a. Provisional. Burke.
 Pro*vi"so (?), n.; pl. Provisos (#). [L., (it) being provided, abl. of provisus, p. p. of providere. See Provide, and cf. Purview.] An article or clause in any statute, agreement, contract, grant, or other writing, by which a condition is introduced, usually beginning with the word provided; a conditional stipulation that affects an agreement, contract, law, grant, or the like; as, the contract was impaired by its proviso.

 He doth deny his prisoners, But with proviso and exception.

Shak.
 Pro*vi"sor (?), n. [L., fr. providere: cf. F. proviseur.
 See Provide.] 1. One who provides; a purveyor. [Obs.] "The chief provisor of our horse." Ford.
2. (R. C. Ch.) (a) The purveyor, steward, or treasurer of a religious house. Cowell. (b) One who is regularly inducted into a benefice. See Provision, 5. P. Plowman.
3. (Eng. Hist.) One who procures or receives a papal provision. See Provision, 6.

 Pro*vi"so*ri*ly (?), adv. In a provisory manner; conditionally; subject to a proviso; as, to admit a doctrine provisorily. Sir W. Hamilton.
 Pro*vi"sor*ship (?), n. The office or position of a provisor. [R.]
 J. Webster.
 Pro*vi"so*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. provisoire.] 1. Of the nature of a proviso; containing a proviso or condition; conditional; as, a provisory clause.

2. Making temporary provision; provisional.

 Prov'o*ca"tion (?), n. [F. provocation, L. provocatio.
 See Provoke.] 1. The act of provoking, or causing vexation or, anger. Fabyan.
2. That which provokes, or excites anger; the cause of resentment; as, to give provocation. Paley.
3. Incitement; stimulus; as, provocation to mirth.

4. (Law) Such prior insult or injury as may be supposed, under the circumstances, to create hot blood, and to excuse an assault made in retort or redress.

5. An appeal to a court. [A Latinism] [Obs.] Ayliffe.
 Pro*vo"ca*tive (?), a. [L. provocativus: cf. OF. provocatif.]
 Serving or tending to provoke, excite, or stimulate; exciting.

 Pro*vo"ca*tive, n. Anything that is provocative; a stimulant; as, a provocative of appetite.

 Pro*vo"ca*tive*ness, n. Quality of being provocative.

 Pro*vo"ca*to*ry (?), a. Provocative.

 Pro*vok"a*ble (?), a. That may be provoked.

 Pro*voke" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Provoked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Provoking.] [F. provoquer, L. provocare to call forth; pro forth + vocare to call, fr. vox, vocis, voice, cry, call. See Voice.] To call forth; to call into being or action; esp., to incense to action, a faculty or passion,


that perjured her.

J. Fletcher.
Syn. -- To Perjure, Forswear. These words have been used interchangeably; but there is a tendency to restrict perjure to that species of forswearing which constitutes the crime of perjury at law, namely, the willful violation of an oath administered by a magistrate or according to law.

 Per"jure, n. [L. perjurus: cf. OF. parjur, F. parjure.]
 A perjured person. [Obs.] Shak.
 Per"jured (?), a. Guilty of perjury; having sworn falsely; forsworn. Shak. "Perjured persons." 1 Tim. i. 10.
 "Their perjured oath." Spenser.
 Per"jur*er (?), n. One who is guilty of perjury; one who perjures or forswears, in any sense.

 { Per*ju"ri*ous (?), Per"ju*rous (?), } a. [L. perjuriosus, perjurus.] Guilty of perjury; containing perjury. [Obs.] Quarles.
 B. Johnson.
 Per"ju*ry (?), n.; pl. Perjuries (#). [L. perjurium.
 See Perjure, v.] 1. False swearing.

2. (Law) At common law, a willfully false statement in a fact material to the issue, made by a witness under oath in a competent judicial proceeding. By statute the penalties of perjury are imposed on the making of willfully false affirmations.

 If a man swear falsely in nonjudicial affidavits, it is made perjury by statute in some jurisdictions in the United States.

 Perk (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perked (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Perking.] [Cf. W. percu to trim, to make smart.]
 To make trim or smart; to straighten up; to erect; to make a jaunty or saucy display of; as, to perk the ears; to perk up one's head. Cowper. Sherburne.
 Perk, v. i. To exalt one's self; to bear one's self loftily. "To perk over them." Barrow.
To perk it, to carry one's self proudly or saucily. Pope.
 Perk, a. Smart; trim; spruce; jaunty; vain. "Perk as a peacock." Spenser.
 Perk, v. i. To peer; to look inquisitively. Dickens.
 Per"kin (?), n. A kind of weak perry.

 Per"kin*ism (?), n. (Med.) A remedial treatment, by drawing the pointed extremities of two rods, each of a different metal, over the affected part; tractoration, -- first employed by Dr. Elisha Perkins of Norwich, Conn. See Metallotherapy.

 Perk"y (?), a. Perk; pert; jaunty; trim.

 There amid perky larches and pines.

Tennyson.
 Per*la"ceous (?), a. [See Pearl.] Pearly; resembling pearl.

 Per"lid (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any insect of the genus Perla, or family Perlidæ. See Stone fly, under Stone.

 Per"lite (?), n. (Min.) Same as Pearlite.

 Per*lit"ic (?), a. (Min.) Relating to or resembling perlite, or pearlstone; as, the perlitic structure of certain rocks. See Pearlite.

 Per"lous (?), a. Perilous. [Obs.] Spenser.
 Per'lus*tra"tion (?), n. [L. perlustrare to wander all through, to survey. See 3d Luster.] The act of viewing all over. [Archaic] Howell.
 Per"ma*na*ble (?), a. Permanent; durable. [Obs.] Lydgate.
 { Per"ma*nence (?), Per"ma*nen*cy (?), } n. [Cf. F. permanence.]
 The quality or state of being permanent; continuance in the same state or place; duration; fixedness; as, the permanence of institutions; the permanence of nature.

 Per"ma*nent (?), a. [L. permanens, -entis, p. pr. of permanere to stay or remain to the end, to last; per + manere to remain: cf. F. permanent. See Per-, and Mansion.] Continuing in the same state, or without any change that destroys form or character; remaining unaltered or unremoved; abiding; durable; fixed; stable; lasting; as, a permanent impression.

 Eternity stands permanent and fixed.

Dryden.
Permanent gases (Chem. & Physics), hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide; -- also called incondensible or incoercible gases, before their liquefaction in 1877. -- Permanent way, the roadbed and superstructure of a finished railway; -- so called in distinction from the contractor's temporary way. -- Permanent white (Chem.), barium sulphate (heavy spar), used as a white pigment or paint, in distinction from white lead, which tarnishes and darkens from the formation of the sulphide.

Syn. -- Lasting; durable; constant. See Lasting.

 Per"ma*nent*ly, adv. In a permanent manner.

 Per*man"ga*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of permanganic acid.

Potassium permanganate. (Chem.) See Potassium permanganate, under Potassium.

 Per'man*gan"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, one of the higher acids of manganese, HMnO4, which forms salts called permanganates.

 Per*man"sion (?), n. [L. permansio. See Permanent.]
 Continuance. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
 Per'me*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. perméabilité.]
 The quality or state of being permeable.

Magnetic permeability (Physics), the specific capacity of a body for magnetic induction, or its conducting power for lines of magnetic force. Sir W. Thomson.
 Per"me*a*ble (?), a. [L. permeabilis: cf. F. perméable.
 See Permeate.] Capable of being permeated, or passed through; yielding passage; passable; penetrable; -- used especially of substances which allow the passage of fluids; as, wood is permeable to oil; glass is permeable to light. I. Taylor.
 Per"me*a*bly, adv. In a permeable manner.

 Per"me*ant (?), a. [L. permeans, p. pr.] Passing through; permeating. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
 Per"me*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Permeated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Permeating.] [L. permeatus, p. p. of permeare to permeate; per + meare to go, pass.] 1. To pass through the pores or interstices of; to penetrate and pass through without causing rupture or displacement; -- applied especially to fluids which pass through substances of loose texture; as, water permeates sand. Woodward.
2. To enter and spread through; to pervade.

 God was conceived to be diffused throughout the whole world, to permeate and pervade all things.

Cudworth.
 Per'me*a"tion (?), n. The act of permeating, passing through, or spreading throughout, the pores or interstices of any substance.

 Here is not a mere involution only, but a spiritual permeation and inexistence.

Bp. Hall.
 Per"mi*an (?), a. [From the ancient kingdom of Permia, where the Permian formation exists.] (Geol.) Belonging or relating