in a chat system, all a mudhead will talk about is three topics: the tactic, character, or wizard that is supposedly always unfairly stopping him/her from becoming a wizard or beating a favorite MUD; why the specific game he/she has experience with is so much better than any other; and the MUD he or she is writing or going to write because his/her design ideas are so much better than in any existing MUD. See also wannabee.
To the anthropologically literate, this term may recall the Zuni/Hopi legend of the mudheads or 'koyemshi', mythical half-formed children of an unnatural union. Figures representing them act as clowns in Zuni sacred ceremonies. Others may recall the 'High School Madness' sequence from the Firesign Theatre album "Don't Crush That Dwarf, Hand Me the Pliers", in which there is a character named "Mudhead".
Node:muggle, Next:multician, Previous:mudhead, Up:= M = muggle [from J.K. Rowling's 'Harry Potter' books, 1998] A non-wizard. Not as disparaging as luser; implies vague pity rather than contempt.
In the universe of Rowling's enormously (and deservedly) popular children's series, muggles and wizards inhabit the same modern world, but each group is ignorant of the commonplaces of the others' existence - most muggles are unaware that wizards exist, and wizards (used to magical ways of doing everything) are perplexed and fascinated by muggle artifacts.
In retrospect it seems completely inevitable that hackers would adopt this metaphor, and in hacker usage it readily forms compounds such as 'muggle-friendly'. Compare luser, mundane.
Node:multician, Next:Multics, Previous:muggle, Up:= M = multician /muhl-ti'shn/ n.
[coined at Honeywell, ca. 1970] Competent user of Multics. Perhaps oddly, no one has ever promoted the analogous 'Unician'.
Node:Multics, Next:multitask, Previous:multician, Up:= M = Multics /muhl'tiks/ n.
[from "MULTiplexed Information and Computing Service"] An early time-sharing operating system co-designed by a consortium including MIT, GE, and Bell Laboratories as a successor to CTSS. The design was first presented in 1965, planned for operation in 1967, first operational in 1969, and took several more years to achieve respectable performance and stability.
Multics was very innovative for its time -- among other things, it provided a hierarchical file system with access control on individual files and introduced the idea of treating all devices uniformly as special files. It was also the first OS to run on a symmetric multiprocessor, and the only general-purpose system to be awarded a B2 security rating by the NSA (see Orange Book).
Bell Labs left the development effort in 1969 after judging that second-system effect had bloated Multics to the point of practical unusability. Honeywell commercialized Multics in 1972 after buying out GE's computer group, but it was never very successful: at its peak in the 1980s, there were between 75 and 100 Multics sites, each a multi-million dollar mainframe.
One of the former Multics developers from Bell Labs was Ken Thompson, and Unix deliberately carried through and extended many of Multics' design ideas; indeed, Thompson described the very name 'Unix' as 'a weak pun on Multics'. For this and other reasons, aspects of the Multics design remain a topic of occasional debate among hackers. See also brain-damaged and GCOS.
MIT ended its development association with Multics in 1977.
Honeywell sold its computer business to Bull in the mid 80s, and development on Multics was stopped in 1988. Four Multics sites were known to be still in use as late as 1998. There is a Multics page at _URL_
Node:multitask, Next:mumblage, Previous:Multics, Up:= M = multitask n. Often used of humans in the same meaning it has for computers, to describe a person doing several things at once (but see thrash). The term 'multiplex', from communications technology (meaning to handle more than one channel at the same time), is used similarly.
Node:mumblage, Next:mumble, Previous:multitask, Up:= M = mumblage /muhm'bl*j/ n. The topic of one's mumbling (see mumble). "All that mumblage" is used like "all that stuff" when it is not quite clear how the subject of discussion works, or like "all that crap" when 'mumble' is being used as an implicit replacement for pejoratives.
Node:mumble, Next:munch, Previous:mumblage, Up:= M = mumble interj.
1. Said when the correct response is too complicated to enunciate, or the speaker has not thought it out. Often prefaces a longer answer, or indicates a general reluctance to get into a long discussion. "Don't you think that we could improve LISP performance by using a hybrid reference-count transaction garbage collector, if the cache is big enough and there are some extra cache bits for the microcode to use?" "Well, mumble ... I'll have to think about it." 2. [MIT] Expression of not-quite-articulated agreement, often used as an informal vote of consensus in a meeting: "So, shall we dike out the COBOL emulation?" "Mumble!" 3. Sometimes used as an expression of disagreement (distinguished from sense 2 by tone of voice and other cues). "I think we should buy a VAX." "Mumble!" Common variant: 'mumble frotz' (see frotz; interestingly, one does not say 'mumble frobnitz' even though 'frotz' is short for 'frobnitz'). 4. Yet another metasyntactic variable, like foo. 5. When used as a question ("Mumble?") means "I didn't understand you". 6. Sometimes used in 'public' contexts on-line as a placefiller for things one is barred from giving details about. For example, a poster with pre-released hardware in his machine might say "Yup, my machine now has an extra 16M of memory, thanks to the card I'm testing for Mumbleco." 7. A conversational wild card used to designate something one doesn't want to bother spelling out, but which can be glarked from context. Compare blurgle. 8. [XEROX PARC] A colloquialism used to suggest that further discussion would be fruitless.
Node:munch, Next:munching, Previous:mumble, Up:= M = munch vt.
[often confused with mung, q.v.] To transform information in a serial fashion, often requiring large amounts of computation. To trace down a data structure. Related to crunch and nearly synonymous with grovel, but connotes less pain.
Node:munching, Next:munching squares, Previous:munch, Up:= M = munching n. Exploration of security holes of someone else's computer for thrills, notoriety, or to annoy the system manager. Compare cracker. See also hacked off.
Node:munching squares, Next:munchkin, Previous:munching, Up:= M = munching squares n. A display hack dating back to the PDP-1 (ca. 1962, reportedly discovered by Jackson Wright), which employs a trivial computation (repeatedly plotting the graph Y = X XOR T for successive values of T -- see HAKMEM items 146-148) to produce an impressive display of moving and growing squares that devour the screen. The initial value of T is treated as a parameter, which, when well-chosen, can produce amazing effects. Some of these, later (re)discovered on the LISP machine, have been christened 'munching triangles' (try AND for XOR and toggling points instead of plotting them), 'munching w's', and 'munching mazes'. More generally, suppose a graphics program produces an impressive and ever-changing display of some basic form, foo, on a display terminal, and does it using a relatively simple program; then the


[Illustration] The King James Version of the Bible The Old Testament of the King James Version of the Bible The First Book of Moses: Called Genesis The Second Book of Moses: Called Exodus The Third Book of Moses: Called Leviticus The Fourth Book of Moses: Called Numbers The Fifth Book of Moses: Called Deuteronomy The Book of Joshua The Book of Judges The Book of Ruth The First Book of Samuel The Second Book of Samuel The First Book of the Kings The Second Book of the Kings The First Book of the Chronicles The Second Book of the Chronicles Ezra The Book of Nehemiah The Book of Esther The Book of Job The Book of Psalms The Proverbs Ecclesiastes The Song of Solomon The Book of the Prophet Isaiah The Book of the Prophet Jeremiah The Lamentations of Jeremiah The Book of the Prophet Ezekiel The Book of Daniel Hosea Joel Amos Obadiah Jonah Micah Nahum Habakkuk Zephaniah Haggai Zechariah Malachi The New Testament of the King James Bible The Gospel According to Saint Matthew The Gospel According to Saint Mark The Gospel According to Saint Luke The Gospel According to Saint John The Acts of the Apostles The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Romans The First Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Corinthians The Second Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Corinthians The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Galatians The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Ephesians The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Philippians The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Colossians The First Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Thessalonians The Second Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Thessalonians The First Epistle of Paul the Apostle to Timothy The Second Epistle of Paul the Apostle to Timothy The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to Titus The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to Philemon The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Hebrews The General Epistle of James The First Epistle General of Peter The Second General Epistle of Peter The First Epistle General of John The Second Epistle General of John The Third Epistle General of John The General Epistle of Jude The Revelation of Saint John the Divine The Old Testament of the King James Version of the Bible The First Book of Moses: Called Genesis 1:1 In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.
1:2 And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.
1:3 And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.
1:4 And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness.
1:5 And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night.
And the evening and the morning were the first day.
1:6 And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.
1:7 And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so.
1:8 And God called the firmament Heaven. And the evening and the morning were the second day.
1:9 And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear: and it was so.
1:10 And God called the dry land Earth; and the gathering together of the waters called he Seas: and God saw that it was good.
1:11 And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself, upon the earth: and it was so.
1:12 And the earth brought forth grass, and herb yielding seed after his kind, and the tree yielding fruit, whose seed was in itself, after his kind: and God saw that it was good.
1:13 And the evening and the morning were the third day.
1:14 And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years: 1:15 And let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth: and it was so.
1:16 And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also.
1:17 And God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, 1:18 And to rule over the day and over the night, and to divide the light from the darkness: and God saw that it was good.
1:19 And the evening and the morning were the fourth day.
1:20 And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven.
1:21 And God created great whales, and every living creature that moveth, which the waters brought forth abundantly, after their kind, and every winged fowl after his kind: and God saw that it was good.
1:22 And God blessed them, saying, Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let fowl multiply in the earth.
1:23 And the evening and the morning were the fifth day.
1:24 And God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after his kind: and it was so.
1:25 And God made the beast of the earth after his kind, and cattle after their kind, and every thing that creepeth upon the earth after his kind: and God saw that it was good.
1:26 And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.
1:27 So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them.
1:28 And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth.
1:29 And God said, Behold, I have given you every herb bearing seed, which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in the which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for meat.
1:30 And to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and to every thing that creepeth upon the earth, wherein there is life, I have given every green herb for meat: and it was so.
1:31 And God saw every thing that he had made, and, behold, it was very good. And the evening and the morning were the sixth day.
2:1 Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all the host of them.
2:2 And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made.
2:3 And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: because that in it he had rested from all his work which God created and made.
2:4 These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day


primaeval waters, or from a marsh-bird's egg, a conception which influenced the later Phoenician cosmogeny. The Scarabaeus, or great dung-feeding beetle of Egypt, rolling the ball before it in which it lays its eggs, is an obvious theme for the early myth-maker. And it was natural that the Beetle of Khepera should have been identified with the Sun at his rising, as the Hawk of Ra represented his noonday flight, and the aged form of Attun his setting in the west. But in all these varied conceptions and explanations of the universe it is difficult to determine how far the poetical imagery of later periods has transformed the original myths which may lie behind them.

 As the Egyptian Creator the claims of Ra, the Sun-god of Heliopolis, early superseded those of other deities. On the other hand, Ptah of Memphis, who for long ages had been merely the god of architects and craftsmen, became under the Empire the architect of the universe and is pictured as a potter moulding the world-egg. A short poem by a priest of Ptah, which has come down to us from that period, exhibits an attempt to develop this idea on philosophical lines.(1) Its author represents all gods and living creatures as proceeding directly from the mind and thought of Ptah. But this movement, which was more notably reflected in Akhenaton's religious revolution, died out in political disaster, and the original materialistic interpretation of the myths was restored with the cult of Amen. How materialistic this could be is well illustrated by two earlier members of the XVIIIth Dynasty, who have left us vivid representations of the potter's wheel employed in the process of man's creation. When the famous Hatshepsut, after the return of her expedition to Punt in the ninth year of her young consort Thothmes III, decided to build her temple at Deir el-Bahari in the necropolis of Western Thebes, she sought to emphasize her claim to the throne of Egypt by recording her own divine origin upon its walls. We have already noted the Egyptians' belief in the solar parentage of their legitimate rulers, a myth that goes back at least to the Old Kingdom and may have had its origin in prehistoric times. With the rise of Thebes, Amen inherited the prerogatives of Ra; and so Hatshepsut seeks to show, on the north side of the retaining wall of her temple's Upper Platform, that she was the daughter of Amen himself, "the great God, Lord of the sky, Lord of the Thrones of the Two Lands, who resides at Thebes".
 The myth was no invention of her own, for obviously it must have followed traditional lines, and though it is only employed to exhibit the divine creation of a single personage, it as obviously reflects the procedure and methods of a general Creation myth.

 This series of sculptures shared the deliberate mutilation that all her records suffered at the hands of Thothmes III after her death, but enough of the scenes and their accompanying text has survived to render the detailed interpretation of the myth quite certain.(1) Here, as in a general Creation myth, Amen's first act is to summon the great gods in council, in order to announce to them the future birth of the great princess. Of the twelve gods who attend, the first is Menthu, a form of the Sun-god and closely associated with Amen.(2) But the second deity is Atum, the great god of Heliopolis, and he is followed by his cycle of deities—Shu, "the son of Ra"; Tefnut, "the Lady of the sky"; Keb, "the Father of the Gods"; Nut, "the Mother of the Gods"; Osiris, Isis, Nephthys, Set, Horus, and Hathor. We are here in the presence of cosmic deities, as befits a projected act of creation. The subsequent scenes exhibit the Egyptian's literal interpretation of the myth, which necessitates the god's bodily presence and personal participation. Thoth mentions to Amen the name of queen Aahmes as the future mother of Hatshepsut, and we later see Amen himself, in the form of her husband, Aa-kheperka-Ra (Thothmes I), sitting with Aahmes and giving her the Ankh, or sign of Life, which she receives in her hand and inhales through her nostrils.(3) God and queen are seated on thrones above a couch, and are supported by two goddesses. After leaving the queen, Amen calls on Khnum or Khnemu, the flat-horned ram-god, who in texts of all periods is referred to as the "builder" of gods and men;(4) and he instructs him to create the body of his future daughter and that of her Ka, or "double", which would be united to her from birth.

 The scene in the series, which is of greatest interest in the present connexion, is that representing Khnum at his work of creation. He is seated before a potter's wheel which he works with his foot,(1) and on the revolving table he is fashioning two children with his hands, the baby princess and her "double". It was always Hatshepsut's desire to be represented as a man, and so both the children are boys.(2) As yet they are lifeless, but the symbol of Life will be held to their nostrils by Heqet, the divine Potter's wife, whose frog-head typifies birth and fertility. When Amenophis III copied Hatshepsut's sculptures for his own series at Luxor, he assigned this duty to the greater goddess Hathor, perhaps the most powerful of the cosmic goddesses and the mother of the world. The subsequent scenes at Deir el-Bahari include the leading of queen Aahmes by Khnum and Heqet to the birth-chamber; the great birth scene where the queen is attended by the goddesses Nephthys and Isis, a number of divine nurses and midwives holding several of the "doubles" of the baby, and favourable genii, in human form or with the heads of crocodiles, jackals, and hawks, representing the four cardinal points and all bearing the gift of life; the presentation of the young child by the goddess Hathor to Amen, who is well pleased at the sight of his daughter; and the divine suckling of Hatshepsut and her "doubles". But these episodes do not concern us, as of course they merely reflect the procedure following a royal birth. But Khnum's part in the princess's origin stands on a different plane, for it illustrates the Egyptian myth of Creation by the divine Potter, who may take the form of either Khnum or Ptah. Monsieur Naville points out the extraordinary resemblance in detail which Hatshepsut's myth of divine paternity bears to the Greek legend of Zeus and Alkmene, where the god takes the form of Amphitryon, Alkmene's husband, exactly as Amen appears to the queen;(3) and it may be added that the Egyptian origin of the Greek story was traditionally recognized in the ancestry ascribed to the human couple.(4) The only complete Egyptian Creation myth yet recovered is preserved in a late papyrus in the British Museum, which was published some years ago by Dr. Budge.(1) It occurs under two separate versions embedded in "The Book of the Overthrowing of Apep, the Enemy of Ra". Here Ra, who utters the myth under his late title of Neb-er-tcher, "Lord to the utmost limit", is self-created as Khepera from Nu, the primaeval water; and then follow successive generations of divine pairs, male and female, such as we find at the beginning of the Semitic-Babylonian Creation Series.(2) Though the papyrus was written as late as the year 311 B.C., the myth is undoubtedly early. For the first two divine pairs Shu and Tefnut, Keb and Nut, and four of the latter pairs' five children, Osiris and Isis, Set and Nephthys, form with the Sun-god himself the Greater Ennead of Heliopolis, which exerted so wide an influence on Egyptian religious speculation. The Ennead combined the older solar elements with the cult of Osiris, and this is indicated in the myth by a break in the successive generations, Nut bringing forth at a single birth the five chief gods of the Osiris


lightly over, as with a brush.

 Some spread their sailes, some with strong oars sweep The waters smooth, and brush the buxom wave. Fairfax.
Brushed with the kiss of rustling wings. Milton.
3. To remove or gather by brushing, or by an act like that of brushing, or by passing lightly over, as wind; -- commonly with off.

 As wicked dew as e'er my mother brushed With raven's feather from unwholesome fen. Shak.
 And from the boughts brush off the evil dew. Milton.
To brush aside, to remove from one's way, as with a brush. -- To brush away, to remove, as with a brush or brushing motion. -- To brush up, to paint, or make clean or bright with a brush; to cleanse or improve; to renew.

 You have commissioned me to paint your shop, and I have done my best to brush you up like your neighbors. Pope.
 Brush, v. i. To move nimbly in haste; to move so lightly as scarcely to be perceived; as, to brush by.

 Snatching his hat, he brushed off like the wind. Goldsmith.
 Brush"er (&?;), n. One who, or that which, brushes.

 Brush"i*ness (&?;), n. The quality of resembling a brush; brushlike condition; shagginess. Dr. H. More.
 Brush"ing, a. 1. Constructed or used to brush with; as a brushing machine.

2. Brisk; light; as, a brushing gallop.

 Brush"ite (&?;), n. [From George J. Brush, an American mineralogist.] (Min.) A white or gray crystalline mineral consisting of the acid phosphate of calcium.

 Brush" tur'key (&?;). (Zoöl.) A large, edible, gregarious bird of Australia (Talegalla Lathami) of the family Megapodidæ.
 Also applied to several allied species of New Guinea.

 The brush turkeys live in the "brush," and construct a common nest by collecting a large heap of decaying vegetable matter, which generates heat sufficient to hatch the numerous eggs (sometimes half a bushel) deposited in it by the females of the flock.

 Brush" wheel' (&?;). 1. A wheel without teeth, used to turn a similar one by the friction of bristles or something brushlike or soft attached to the circumference.

2. A circular revolving brush used by turners, lapidaries, silversmiths, etc., for polishing.

 Brush"wood (&?;), n. 1. Brush; a thicket or coppice of small trees and shrubs.

2. Small branches of trees cut off.

 Brush"y, a. Resembling a brush; shaggy; rough.

 Brusk (&?;), a. Same as Brusque.

 Brusque (&?;), a. [F. brusque, from It. brusco brusque, tart, sour, perh. fr. L. (vitis) labrusca wild (vine); or cf. OHG. bruttisc grim, fr. brutti terror.] Rough and prompt in manner; blunt; abrupt; bluff; as, a brusque man; a brusque style.

 Brusque"ness, n. Quality of being brusque; roughness joined with promptness; bluntness. Brit. Quar.
 Brus"sels (&?;), n. A city of Belgium, giving its name to a kind of carpet, a kind of lace, etc.

Brussels carpet, a kind of carpet made of worsted yarn fixed in a foundation web of strong linen thread. The worsted, which alone shows on the upper surface in drawn up in loops to form the pattern. -- Brussels ground, a name given to the handmade ground of real Brussels lace. It is very costly because of the extreme fineness of the threads. -- Brussels lace, an expensive kind of lace of several varieties, originally made in Brussels; as, Brussels point, Brussels ground, Brussels wire ground. -- Brussels net, an imitation of Brussels ground, made by machinery. -- Brussels point. See Point lace. -- Brussels sprouts (Bot.), a plant of the Cabbage family, which produces, in the axils of the upright stem, numerous small green heads, or "sprouts," each a cabbage in miniature, of one or two inches in diameter; the thousand-headed cabbage. -- Brussels wire ground, a ground for lace, made of silk, with meshes partly straight and partly arched.

 Brus"tle (&?;), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Brustled (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Brustling (&?;).] [OE. brustlien and brastlien, AS. brastlian, fr. berstan to burst, akin to G. prasseln to crackle. See Burst, v. i.] 1. To crackle; to rustle, as a silk garment. [Obs.] Gower.
2. To make a show of fierceness or defiance; to bristle. [Obs.]

To brustle up, to bristle up. [Obs.] Otway.
 Brus"tle, n. A bristle. [Obs. or Prov.] Chaucer.
 Brut (&?;), v. i. [F. brouter, OF. brouster. See Browse, n.] To browse. [Obs.] Evelyn.
 Brut, n. (Zoöl.) See Birt.

 ||Bru"ta (&?;), n. [NL., neuter pl., fr. L. brutus heavy, stupid.] (Zoöl.) See Edentata.

 Bru"tal (&?;), a. [Cf. F. brutal. See Brute, a.]
 1. Of or pertaining to a brute; as, brutal nature. "Above the rest of brutal kind." Milton.
2. Like a brute; savage; cruel; inhuman; brutish; unfeeling; merciless; gross; as, brutal manners. "Brutal intemperance."
 Macaulay.
 Bru"tal*ism (&?;), n. Brutish quality; brutality.

 Bru*tal"i*ty (&?;), n.; pl. Brutalities (&?;).
 [Cf. F. brutalité.] 1. The quality of being brutal; inhumanity; savageness; pitilessness.

2. An inhuman act.

 The... brutalities exercised in war. Brougham.
 Bru'tal*i*za"tion (&?;), n. The act or process of making brutal; state of being brutalized.

 Bru"tal*ize (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brutalized (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Brutalizing.] [Cf. F. brutaliser.] To make brutal; beasty; unfeeling; or inhuman.

 Bru"tal*ize, v. i. To become brutal, inhuman, barbarous, or coarse and beasty. [R.]

 He mixed... with his countrymen, brutalized with them in their habits and manners. Addison.
 Bru"tal*ly, adv. In a brutal manner; cruelly.

 Brute (brt), a. [F. brut, nasc., brute, fem., raw, rough, rude, brutish, L. brutus stupid, irrational: cf. It. & Sp. bruto.] 1. Not having sensation; senseless; inanimate; unconscious; without intelligence or volition; as, the brute earth; the brute powers of nature.

2. Not possessing reason, irrational; unthinking; as, a brute beast; the brute creation.

 A creature... not prone And brute as other creatures, but endued With sanctity of reason. Milton.
3. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of, a brute beast. Hence: Brutal; cruel; fierce; ferocious; savage


SPIRITS IN BONDAGE A CYCLE OF LYRICS By Clive Hamilton [C. S. Lewis] CONTENTS Historical Background.
 Prologue.
 Part I. The Prison House. I. Satan Speaks II. French Nocturne (Monchy-Le-Preux) III. The Satyr IV. Victory V. Irish Nocturne VI. Spooks VII. Apology VIII. Ode for New Year's Day IX. Night X. To Sleep XI. In Prison XII. De Profundis XIII. Satan Speaks XIV. The Witch XV. Dungeon Grates XVI. The Philosopher XVII. The Ocean Strand XVIII. Noon XIX. Milton Read Again (In Surrey) XXI. The Autumn Morning Part II.
 Hesitation. XXIII. Alexandrines XXIV. In Praise of Solid People Part III. The Escape.
 XXVI. Song XXVII. The Ass XXVIII. Ballade Mystique XXIX. Night XXX. Oxford XXXI. Hymn (For Boys' Voices) XXXII. "Our Daily Bread" XXXIII. How He Saw Angus the God XXXIV. The Roads XXXV. Hesperus XXXVI. The Star Bath XXXVII. Tu Ne Quaesieris XXXVIII. Lullaby XXXIX. World's Desire XL. Death in Battle In Three Parts Historical Background Published under the pseudonym, Clive Hamilton, Spirits in Bondage was C. S. Lewis' first book. Released in 1919 by Heinemann, it was reprinted in 1984 by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich and included in Lewis' 1994 Collected Poems. It is the first of Lewis' major published works to enter the public domain in the United States. Readers should be aware that in other countries it may still be under copyright protection.

 Most of the poems appear to have been written between 1915 and 1918, a period during which Lewis was a student under W. T. Kirkpatrick, a military trainee at Oxford, and a soldier serving in the trenches of World War I. Their outlook varies from Romantic expressions of love for the beauty and simplicity of nature to cynical statements about the presence of evil in this world. In a September 12, 1918 letter to his friend Arthur Greeves, Lewis said that his book was, "mainly strung around the idea that I mentioned to you before—that nature is wholly diabolical & malevolent and that God, if he exists, is outside of and in opposition to the cosmic arrangements." In his cynical poems, Lewis is dealing with the same questions about evil in nature that Alfred Lord Tennyson explored from a position of troubled faith in "In Memoriam A. H." (Stanzas 54f). In a letter written perhaps to reassure his father, Lewis claimed, "You know who the God I blaspheme is and that it is not the God that you or I worship, or any other Christian."

 Whatever Lewis believed at that time, the attitude in many of these poems is quite different from the attitude he expressed in his many Christian books from the 1930s on. Attempts in movies and on stage plays to portray Lewis as a sheltered professor who knew little about pain until the death of his wife late in life, have to deal not only with the many tragedies he experienced from a boy on, but also with the disturbing issues he faced in many of these early poems.

 Prologue Part I The Prison House I. Satan Speaks II. French Nocturne (Monchy-Le-Preux) III. The Satyr IV. Victory V. Irish Nocturne VI. Spooks VII. Apology VIII. Ode for New Year's Day IX. Night X. To Sleep XI. In Prison XII. De Profundis XIII. Satan Speaks XIV. The Witch XV. Dungeon Grates XVI. The Philosopher XVII. The Ocean Strand XVIII. Noon XIX. Milton Read Again (In Surrey) XXI. The Autumn Morning Part II. Hesitation XXIII. Alexandrines XXIV. In Praise of Solid People Part III. The Escape XXVI. Song XXVII. The Ass XXVIII. Ballade Mystique XXIX. Night XXX. Oxford XXXI. Hymn (For Boys' Voices) XXXII. "Our Daily Bread" XXXIII. How He Saw Angus the God XXXIV. The Roads XXXV. Hesperus XXXVI. The Star Bath XXXVII. Tu Ne Quaesieris XXXVIII. Lullaby XXXIX. World's Desire XL. Death in Battle


, Next:crudware, Previous:cross-post, Up:= C = crossload v.,n.
[proposed, by analogy with upload and download] To move files between machines on a peer-to-peer network of nodes that act as both servers and clients for a distributed file store. Esp.
appropriate for ananonymized networks like Gnutella and Freenet.
Node:crudware, Next:cruft, Previous:crossload, Up:= C = crudware /kruhd'weir/ n. Pejorative term for the hundreds of megabytes of low-quality freeware circulated by user's groups and BBS systems in the micro-hobbyist world. "Yet another set of disk catalog utilities for MS-DOS? What crudware!"
Node:cruft, Next:cruft together, Previous:crudware, Up:= C = cruft /kruhft/ [very common; back-formation from crufty] 1. n. An unpleasant substance. The dust that gathers under your bed is cruft; the TMRC Dictionary correctly noted that attacking it with a broom only produces more. 2. n. The results of shoddy construction. 3. vt. [from 'hand cruft', pun on 'hand craft'] To write assembler code for something normally (and better) done by a compiler (see hand-hacking). 4. n. Excess; superfluous junk; used esp. of redundant or superseded code. 5.
[University of Wisconsin] n. Cruft is to hackers as gaggle is to geese; that is, at UW one properly says "a cruft of hackers".
Node:cruft together, Next:cruftsmanship, Previous:cruft, Up:= C = cruft together vt.
(also 'cruft up') To throw together something ugly but temporarily workable. Like vt. kluge up, but more pejorative. "There isn't any program now to reverse all the lines of a file, but I can probably cruft one together in about 10 minutes." See hack together, hack up, kluge up, crufty.
Node:cruftsmanship, Next:crufty, Previous:cruft together, Up:= C = cruftsmanship /kruhfts'm*n-ship / n.
[from cruft] The antithesis of craftsmanship.
Node:crufty, Next:crumb, Previous:cruftsmanship, Up:= C = crufty /kruhf'tee/ adj.
[very common; origin unknown; poss. from 'crusty' or 'cruddy'] 1. Poorly built, possibly over-complex. The canonical example is "This is standard old crufty DEC software". In fact, one fanciful theory of the origin of 'crufty' holds that was originally a mutation of 'crusty' applied to DEC software so old that the 's' characters were tall and skinny, looking more like 'f' characters. 2. Unpleasant, especially to the touch, often with encrusted junk. Like spilled coffee smeared with peanut butter and catsup. 3. Generally unpleasant. 4. (sometimes spelled 'cruftie') n. A small crufty object (see frob); often one that doesn't fit well into the scheme of things. "A LISP property list is a good place to store crufties (or, collectively, random cruft)."
This term is one of the oldest in the jargon and no one is sure of its etymology, but it is suggestive that there is a Cruft Hall at Harvard University which is part of the old physics building; it's said to have been the physics department's radar lab during WWII. To this day (early 1993) the windows appear to be full of random techno-junk. MIT or Lincoln Labs people may well have coined the term as a knock on the competition.
Node:crumb, Next:crunch, Previous:crufty, Up:= C = crumb n. Two binary digits; a quad. Larger than a bit, smaller than a nybble. Considered silly. Syn. tayste. General discussion of such terms is under nybble.
Node:crunch, Next:cryppie, Previous:crumb, Up:= C = crunch 1. vi.
To process, usually in a time-consuming or complicated way.
Connotes an essentially trivial operation that is nonetheless painful to perform. The pain may be due to the triviality's being embedded in a loop from 1 to 1,000,000,000. "FORTRAN programs do mostly number-crunching."
2. vt. To reduce the size of a file by a complicated scheme that produces bit configurations completely unrelated to the original data, such as by a Huffman code. (The file ends up looking something like a paper document would if somebody crunched the paper into a wad.) Since such compression usually takes more computations than simpler methods such as run-length encoding, the term is doubly appropriate. (This meaning is usually used in the construction 'file crunch(ing)' to distinguish it from number-crunching.) See compress. 3. n. The character #. Used at XEROX and CMU, among other places. See ASCII. 4. vt. To squeeze program source into a minimum-size representation that will still compile or execute. The term came into being specifically for a famous program on the BBC micro that crunched BASIC source in order to make it run more quickly (it was a wholly interpretive BASIC, so the number of characters mattered). Obfuscated C Contest entries are often crunched; see the first example under that entry.
Node:cryppie, Next:CTSS, Previous:crunch, Up:= C = cryppie /krip'ee/ n. A cryptographer. One who hacks or implements cryptographic software or hardware.
Node:CTSS, Next:cube, Previous:cryppie, Up:= C = CTSS /C-T-S-S/ n. Compatible Time-Sharing System. An early (1963) experiment in the design of interactive time-sharing operating systems, ancestral to Multics, Unix, and ITS. The name ITS (Incompatible Time-sharing System) was a hack on CTSS, meant both as a joke and to express some basic differences in philosophy about the way I/O services should be presented to user programs.
Node:cube, Next:cubing, Previous:CTSS, Up:= C = cube n.
1. [short for 'cubicle'] A module in the open-plan offices used at many programming shops. "I've got the manuals in my cube." 2. A NeXT machine (which resembles a matte-black cube).
Node:cubing, Next:cup holder, Previous:cube, Up:= C = cubing vi.
[parallel with 'tubing'] 1. Hacking on an IPSC (Intel Personal SuperComputer) hypercube. "Louella's gone cubing again!!" 2. Hacking Rubik's Cube or related puzzles, either physically or mathematically. 3. An indescribable form of self-torture (see sense 1 or 2).
Node:cup holder, Next:cursor dipped in X, Previous:cubing, Up:= C = cup holder n. The tray of a CD-ROM drive, or by extension the CD drive itself. So called because of a common tech support legend about the idiot who called to complain that the cup holder on his computer broke. A joke program was once distributed around the net called "cupholder.exe", which when run simply extended the CD drive tray. The humor of this was of course lost on people whose drive had a slot or a caddy instead.
Node:cursor dipped in X, Next:cuspy, Previous:cup holder, Up:= C = cursor dipped in X n. There are a couple of metaphors in English of the form 'pen dipped in X' (perhaps the most common values of X are 'acid', 'bile', and 'vitriol'). These map over neatly to this hackish usage (the cursor being what moves, leaving letters behind, when one is composing on-line). "Talk about a nastygram! He must've had his cursor dipped in acid when he wrote that one!"
Node:cuspy, Next:cut a tape, Previous:cursor dipped in X, Up:= C = cuspy /kuhs'pee/ adj.
[WPI: from the DEC abbreviation CUSP, for 'Commonly Used System Program',


Editorial Note: The Small House at Allington was first published serially in the Cornhill Magazine from September, 1862, to April, 1864, and in book form (two volumes) by Smith, Elder in 1864.
Both the Cornhill serial and the Smith, Elder first edition had eighteen full-page illustrations by John Everett Millais, and those are included in this e-book.
 The Cornhill edition also had quarter-page vignettes by Millais at the beginning of nineteen chapters, and those too are included.

Mr. Palliser and Lady Dumbello.
Mr. Palliser and Lady Dumbello. (Chapter XXIII) Click to ENLARGE THE SMALL HOUSE AT ALLINGTON.

BY ANTHONY TROLLOPE.

CONTENTS I. THE SQUIRE OF ALLINGTON.
II. THE TWO PEARLS OF ALLINGTON.
III. THE WIDOW DALE OF ALLINGTON.
IV. MRS. ROPER'S BOARDING-HOUSE.
V. ABOUT L. D. VI. BEAUTIFUL DAYS.
VII. THE BEGINNING OF TROUBLES.
VIII. IT CANNOT BE.
IX. MRS. DALE'S LITTLE PARTY.
X. MRS. LUPEX AND AMELIA ROPER.
XI. SOCIAL LIFE.
XII. LILIAN DALE BECOMES A BUTTERFLY.
XIII. A VISIT TO GUESTWICK.
XIV. JOHN EAMES TAKES A WALK.
XV. THE LAST DAY.
XVI. MR. CROSBIE MEETS AN OLD CLERGYMANON HIS WAY TO COURCY CASTLE.
XVII. COURCY CASTLE.
XVIII. LILY DALE'S FIRST LOVE-LETTER.
XIX. THE SQUIRE MAKES A VISIT TO THESMALL HOUSE.
XX. DR. CROFTS.
XXI. JOHN EAMES ENCOUNTERS TWO ADVENTURES,AND DISPLAYS GREAT COURAGE IN BOTH.
XXII. LORD DE GUEST AT HOME.
XXIII. MR. PLANTAGENET PALLISER.
XXIV. A MOTHER-IN-LAW AND A FATHER-IN-LAW.
XXV. ADOLPHUS CROSBIE SPENDS AN EVENINGAT HIS CLUB.
XXVI. LORD DE COURCY IN THE BOSOMOF HIS FAMILY.
XXVII. "ON MY HONOUR, I DO NOT UNDERSTAND IT."
XXVIII. THE BOARD.
XXIX. JOHN EAMES RETURNS TO BURTON CRESCENT.
XXX. "IS IT FROM HIM?"
XXXI. THE WOUNDED FAWN.
XXXII. PAWKINS'S IN JERMYN STREET.
XXXIII. "THE TIME WILL COME."
XXXIV. THE COMBAT.
XXXV. VÆ VICTIS.
XXXVI. "SEE, THE CONQUERING HERO COMES."
XXXVII. AN OLD MAN'S COMPLAINT.
XXXVIII. DOCTOR CROFTS IS CALLED IN.
XXXIX. DOCTOR CROFTS IS TURNED OUT.
XL. PREPARATIONS FOR THE WEDDING.
XLI. DOMESTIC TROUBLES.
XLII. LILY'S BEDSIDE.
XLIII. FIE, FIE!
XLIV. VALENTINE'S DAY AT ALLINGTON.
XLV. VALENTINE'S DAY IN LONDON.
XLVI. JOHN EAMES AT HIS OFFICE.
XLVII. THE NEW PRIVATE SECRETARY.
XLVIII. NEMESIS.
XLIX. PREPARATIONS FOR GOING.
L. MRS. DALE IS THANKFUL FOR A GOOD THING.
LI. JOHN EAMES DOES THINGS WHICH HE OUGHTNOT TO HAVE DONE.
LII. THE FIRST VISIT TO THE GUESTWICK BRIDGE.
LIII. LOQUITUR HOPKINS.
LIV. THE SECOND VISIT TO THE GUESTWICK BRIDGE.
LV. NOT VERY FIE FIE AFTER ALL.
LVI. SHOWING HOW MR. CROSBIE BECAME AGAINA HAPPY MAN.
LVII. LILIAN DALE VANQUISHES HER MOTHER.
LVIII. THE FATE OF THE SMALL HOUSE.
LIX. JOHN EAMES BECOMES A MAN.
LX. CONCLUSION.

ILLUSTRATIONS MR. PALLISER AND LADYDUMBELLO.[Chapter XXIII] FRONTISPIECE.
"PLEASE, MA'AM, CAN WEHAVE THE PEAS TO SHELL?" CHAPTER III.
"AND YOU LOVE ME?" SAID SHE. CHAPTER V.
"IT'S ALL THE FAULT OF THENAUGHTY PARTRIDGES." CHAPTER VII.
"MR. CRADELL, YOUR HAND,"SAID LUPEX. CHAPTER XI.
"WHY, IT'S YOUNG EAMES." CHAPTER XIV.
"HE IS OF THAT SORT THATTHEY MAKETHE ANGELS OF,"SAID THE VERGER. CHAPTER XVI.
"AND HAVE I NOT REALLYLOVED YOU?" CHAPTER XXI.
"DEVOTEDLY ATTACHED TOTHE YOUNG MAN!" CHAPTER XXVI.
THE BOARD. CHAPTER XXVIII.
"WON'T YOU TAKE SOMEMORE WINE?" CHAPTER XXXII.
"AND YOU WENT IN AT HIMON THE STATION?" CHAPTER XXXVI.
"LET ME BEG YOU TO THINKOVER THE MATTER AGAIN." CHAPTER XXXVIII.
"THAT MIGHT DO." CHAPTER XL.
"MAMMA," SHE SAID AT LAST,"IT IS OVER NOW, I'M SURE." CHAPTER XLIV.
"WHY, ON EARTH, ON SUNDAY?" CHAPTER XLVIII.
"BELL, HERE'S THE INKSTAND." CHAPTER XLIX.
"SHE HAS REFUSED ME, ANDIT IS ALL OVER." CHAPTER LIV.

CHAPTER I. THE SQUIRE OF ALLINGTON.
Illustration f course there was a Great House at Allington. How otherwise should there have been a Small House? Our story will, as its name imports, have its closest relations with those who lived in the less dignified domicile of the two; but it will have close relations also with the more dignified, and it may be well that I should, in the first instance, say a few words as to the Great House and its owner.
The squires of Allington had been squires of Allington since squires, such as squires are now, were first known in England. From father to son, and from uncle to nephew, and, in one instance, from second cousin to second cousin, the sceptre had descended in the family of the Dales; and the acres had remained intact, growing in value and not decreasing in number, though guarded by no entail and protected by no wonderful amount of prudence or wisdom. The estate of Dale of Allington had been coterminous with the parish of Allington for some hundreds of years; and though, as I have said, the race of squires had possessed nothing of superhuman discretion, and had perhaps been guided in their walks through life by no very distinct principles, still there had been with them so much of adherence to a sacred law, that no acre of the property had ever been parted from the hands of the existing squire. Some futile attempts had been made to increase the territory, as indeed had been done by Kit Dale, the father of Christopher Dale, who will appear as our squire of Allington when the persons of our drama are introduced. Old Kit Dale, who had married money, had bought outlying farms,—a bit of ground here and a bit there,—talking, as he did so, much of political influence and of the good old Tory cause. But these farms and bits of ground had gone again before our time. To them had been attached no religion. When old Kit had found himself pressed in that matter of the majority of the Nineteenth Dragoons, in which crack regiment his second son made for himself quite a career, he found it easier to sell than to save—seeing that that which he sold was his own and not the patrimony of the Dales. At his death the remainder of these purchases had gone. Family arrangements required completion, and Christopher Dale required ready money. The outlying farms flew away, as such new purchases had flown before; but the old patrimony of the D


kind of capacity overload condition. "Well, the Ada description was baroque all right, but I could hack it OK until they got to the exception handling... that set my overflow bit." 3. The hypothetical bit that will be set if a hacker doesn't get to make a trip to the Room of Porcelain Fixtures: "I'd better process an internal interrupt before the overflow bit gets set."
Node:overflow pdl, Next:overrun, Previous:overflow bit, Up:= O = overflow pdl n.
[MIT] The place where you put things when your PDL is full. If you don't have one and too many things get pushed, you forget something. The overflow pdl for a person's memory might be a memo pad. This usage inspired the following doggerel: Hey, diddle, diddle The overflow pdl To get a little more stack; If that's not enough Then you lose it all, And have to pop all the way back.
 -The Great Quux The term 'pdl' (see PDL) seems to be primarily an MITism; outside MIT this term is replaced by 'overflow stack' (but that wouldn't rhyme with 'diddle').
Node:overrun, Next:overrun screw, Previous:overflow pdl, Up:= O = overrun n.
1. [techspeak] Term for a frequent consequence of data arriving faster than it can be consumed, esp. in serial line communications. For example, at 9600 baud there is almost exactly one character per millisecond, so if a silo can hold only two characters and the machine takes longer than 2 msec to get to service the interrupt, at least one character will be lost. 2. Also applied to non-serial-I/O communications. "I forgot to pay my electric bill due to mail overrun." "Sorry, I got four phone calls in 3 minutes last night and lost your message to overrun." When thrashing at tasks, the next person to make a request might be told "Overrun!" Compare firehose syndrome. 3. More loosely, may refer to a buffer overflow not necessarily related to processing time (as in overrun screw).
Node:overrun screw, Next:P-mail, Previous:overrun, Up:= O = overrun screw n.
[C programming] A variety of fandango on core produced by scribbling past the end of an array (C implementations typically have no checks for this error). This is relatively benign and easy to spot if the array is static; if it is auto, the result may be to smash the stack -- often resulting in heisenbugs of the most diabolical subtlety.
The term 'overrun screw' is used esp. of scribbles beyond the end of arrays allocated with malloc(3); this typically trashes the allocation header for the next block in the arena, producing massive lossage within malloc and often a core dump on the next operation to use stdio(3) or malloc(3) itself. See spam, overrun; see also memory leak, memory smash, aliasing bug, precedence lossage, fandango on core, secondary damage.
Node:= P =, Next:= Q =, Previous:= O =, Up:The Jargon Lexicon = P = P-mail: P.O.D.: packet over air: padded cell: page in: page out: pain in the net: Pangloss parity: paper-net: param: PARC: parent message: parity errors: Parkinson's Law of Data: parm: parse: Pascal: pastie: patch: patch pumpkin: patch space: path: pathological: payware: PBD: PC-ism: PD: PDL: PDP-10: PDP-20: PEBKAC: peek: pencil and paper: Pentagram Pro: Pentium: peon: percent-S: perf: perfect programmer syndrome: Perl: person of no account: pessimal: pessimizing compiler: peta-: PETSCII: PFY: phage: phase: phase of the moon: phase-wrapping: PHB: phreaker: phreaking: pico-: pig-tail: pilot error: ping: Ping O' Death: ping storm: pink wire: pipe: pistol: pixel sort: pizza box: plaid screen: plain-ASCII: plan file: platinum-iridium: playpen: playte: plingnet: plokta: plonk: plug-and-pray: plugh: plumbing: PM: pnambic: pod: point-and-drool interface: pointy hat: pointy-haired: poke: poll: polygon pusher: POM: pop: POPJ: poser: post: postcardware: posting: postmaster: PostScript: pound on: power cycle: power hit: PPN: pr0n: precedence lossage: prepend: prestidigitization: pretty pictures: prettyprint: pretzel key: priesthood: prime time: print: printing discussion: priority interrupt: profile: progasm: proggy: proglet: program: Programmer's Cheer: programming: programming fluid: propeller head: propeller key: proprietary: protocol: provocative maintenance: prowler: pseudo: pseudoprime: pseudosuit: psychedelicware: psyton: pubic directory: puff: pumpkin holder: pumpking: punched card: punt: Purple Book: purple wire: push: Python: Node:P-mail, Next:P.O.D., Previous:overrun screw, Up:= P = P-mail n.
[rare] Physical mail, as opposed to email. Synonymous with snail-mail, but much less common.
Node:P.O.D., Next:packet over air, Previous:P-mail, Up:= P = P.O.D. /P-O-D/ [rare] Acronym for 'Piece Of Data' (as opposed to a code section). See also pod.
Node:packet over air, Next:padded cell, Previous:P.O.D., Up:= P = packet over air [common among backbone ISPs] The protocol notionally being used by Internet data attempting to traverse a physical gap or break in the network, such as might be caused by a fiber-seeking backhoe. "I see why you're dropping packets. You seem to have a packet over air problem.
Node:padded cell, Next:page in, Previous:packet over air, Up:= P = padded cell n. Where you put lusers so they can't hurt anything. A program that limits a luser to a carefully restricted subset of the capabilities of the host system (for example, the rsh(1) utility on USG Unix). Note that this is different from an iron box because it is overt and not aimed at enforcing security so much as protecting others (and the luser) from the consequences of the luser's boundless naivete (see naive). Also 'padded cell environment'.
Node:page in, Next:page out, Previous:padded cell, Up:= P = page in v.
[MIT] 1. To become aware of one's surroundings again after having paged out (see page out).
Usually confined to the sarcastic comment: "Eric pages in, film at 11!" 2. Syn. 'swap in'; see swap.
Node:page out, Next:pain in the net, Previous:page in, Up:= P = page out vi.
[MIT] 1. To become unaware of one's surroundings temporarily, due to daydreaming or preoccupation. "Can you repeat that? I paged out for a minute." See page in. Compare glitch, thinko. 2. Syn. 'swap out'; see swap.
Node:pain in the net, Next:Pangloss parity, Previous:page out, Up:= P = pain in the net n. A flamer.
Node:Pangloss parity, Next:paper-net, Previous:pain in the net, Up:= P = Pangloss parity n.
[from Dr. Pangloss, the eternal optimist in Voltaire's "Candide"] In corporate DP shops, a common condition of severe but equally shared lossage resulting from the theory that as long as everyone in the


; &?; out + &?; to go.] (Rhet.) A figure in which the orator treats of things according to their events consequences.

 Ec*bat"ic (?), a. [See Ecbasis.] (Gram.) Denoting a mere result or consequence, as distinguished from telic, which denotes intention or purpose; thus the phrase &?; &?;, if rendered "so that it was fulfilled," is ecbatic; if rendered "in order that it might be." etc., is telic.

 ||Ec"bo*le (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a throwing out, a digression, fr. &?; to throw out; &?; out of + &?; to throw.]
 (Rhet.) A digression in which a person is introduced speaking his own words.

 Ec*bol"ic (?), n. [See Ecbole.] (Med.) A drug, as ergot, which by exciting uterine contractions promotes the expulsion of the contents of the uterus.

 Ec"bo*line (?; 104), n. [Gr. &?; a throwing out; &?; out + &?; to throw.] (Chem.) An alkaloid constituting the active principle of ergot; -- so named from its power of producing abortion.

 Ec'ca*le*o"bi*on (?), n. [Gr. &?; to call out (&?; out of + &?; to call) + &?; life.] A contrivance for hatching eggs by artificial heat.

 ||Ec"ce ho"mo (?). [L., behold the man. See John xix. 5.] (Paint.)
 A picture which represents the Savior as given up to the people by Pilate, and wearing a crown of thorns.

 Ec*cen"tric (?), a. [F. excentrique, formerly also spelled eccentrique, fr. LL. eccentros out of the center, eccentric, Gr. &?;; &?; out of + &?; center. See Ex-, and Center, and cf.
 Excentral.] 1. Deviating or departing from the center, or from the line of a circle; as, an eccentric or elliptical orbit; pertaining to deviation from the center or from true circular motion.

2. Not having the same center; -- said of circles, ellipses, spheres, etc., which, though coinciding, either in whole or in part, as to area or volume, have not the same center; -- opposed to concentric.

3. (Mach.) Pertaining to an eccentric; as, the eccentric rod in a steam engine.

4. Not coincident as to motive or end.

 His own ends, which must needs be often eccentric to those of his master.

Bacon.
5. Deviating from stated methods, usual practice, or established forms or laws; deviating from an appointed sphere or way; departing from the usual course; irregular; anomalous; odd; as, eccentric conduct.
 "This brave and eccentric young man." Macaulay.
 He shines eccentric, like a comet's blaze.

Savage.
Eccentric anomaly. (Astron.) See Anomaly. -- Eccentric chuck (Mach.), a lathe chuck so constructed that the work held by it may be altered as to its center of motion, so as to produce combinations of eccentric combinations of eccentric circles. -- Eccentric gear. (Mach.) (a) The whole apparatus, strap, and other parts, by which the motion of an eccentric is transmitted, as in the steam engine. (b) A cogwheel set to turn about an eccentric axis used to give variable rotation. -- Eccentric hook or gab, a hook-shaped journal box on the end of an eccentric rod, opposite the strap. -- Eccentric rod, the rod that connects as eccentric strap with any part to be acted upon by the eccentric. -- Eccentric sheave, or Eccentric pulley, an eccentric. -- Eccentric strap, the ring, operating as a journal box, that encircles and receives motion from an eccentric; -- called also eccentric hoop.

Syn. -- Irregular; anomalous; singular; odd; peculiar; erratic; idiosyncratic; strange; whimsical.

 Ec*cen"tric (?), n. 1. A circle not having the same center as another contained in some measure within the first.

2. One who, or that which, deviates from regularity; an anomalous or irregular person or thing.

3. (Astron.) (a) In the Ptolemaic system, the supposed circular orbit of a planet about the earth, but with the earth not in its center. (b) A circle described about the center of an elliptical orbit, with half the major axis for radius. Hutton.
4. (Mach.) A disk or wheel so arranged upon a shaft that the center of the wheel and that of the shaft do not coincide. It is used for operating valves in steam engines, and for other purposes. The motion derived is precisely that of a crank having the same throw.

Back eccentric, the eccentric that reverses or backs the valve gear and the engine. -- Fore eccentric, the eccentric that imparts a forward motion to the valve gear and the engine.

 Ec*cen"tric*al (?), a. See Eccentric.

 Ec*cen"tric*al*ly, adv. In an eccentric manner.

 Drove eccentrically here and there.

Lew Wallace.
 Ec'cen*tric"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Eccentricities (#).
 [Cf. F. excentricité.] 1. The state of being eccentric; deviation from the customary line of conduct; oddity.

2. (Math.) The ratio of the distance between the center and the focus of an ellipse or hyperbola to its semi-transverse axis.

3. (Astron.) The ratio of the distance of the center of the orbit of a heavenly body from the center of the body round which it revolves to the semi-transverse axis of the orbit.

4. (Mech.) The distance of the center of figure of a body, as of an eccentric, from an axis about which it turns; the throw.

 Ec"chy*mose (?), v. t. (Med.) To discolor by the production of an ecchymosis, or effusion of blood, beneath the skin; -- chiefly used in the passive form; as, the parts were much ecchymosed.

 ||Ec'chy*mo"sis (?), n.; pl. Ecchymoses (&?;).
 [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to extravasate; &?; out of + &?; to pour.] (Med.) A livid or black and blue spot, produced by the extravasation or effusion of blood into the areolar tissue from a contusion.

 Ec'chy*mot"ic (?), a. Pertaining to ecchymosis.

 Ec"cle (?), n. (Zoöl.) The European green woodpecker; -- also called ecall, eaquall, yaffle. [Prov. Eng.]

 ||Ec*cle"si*a (?), n.; pl. Ecclesiæ (&?;).
 [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] 1. (Gr. Antiq.) The public legislative assembly of the Athenians.

2. (Eccl.) A church, either as a body or as a building.

 Ec*cle"si*al (?), a. Ecclesiastical. [Obs.] Milton.
 Ec*cle"si*arch (?), n. [LL. ecclesiarcha, fr. Gr. &?; church + &?; to rule: cf. F. ecclésiarque.] An official of the Eastern Church, resembling a sacrist in the Western Church.

 Ec*cle"si*ast (?), n. 1. An ecclesiastic. Chaucer.
2. The Apocryphal book of Ecclesiasticus. [Obs.]

 Ec*cle'si*as"tes (?), n. [L


pertaining to Ptolemy, the geographer and astronomer.

Ptolemaic system (Astron.), the system maintained by Ptolemy, who supposed the earth to be fixed in the center of the universe, with the sun and stars revolving around it. This theory was received for ages, until superseded by the Copernican system.

 Ptol"e*ma'ist (?), n. One who accepts the astronomical system of Ptolemy.

 Pto"ma*ine (?), n. [From Gr. &?; a dead body.] (Physiol.
 Chem.) One of a class of animal bases or alkaloids formed in the putrefaction of various kinds of albuminous matter, and closely related to the vegetable alkaloids; a cadaveric poison. The ptomaines, as a class, have their origin in dead matter, by which they are to be distinguished from the leucomaines.

 ||Pto"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a falling.] (Med.)
 Drooping of the upper eyelid, produced by paralysis of its levator muscle.

 Pty"a*lin (?), n. [Gr. &?; spittle. See Ptyalism.] (Physiol.
 Chem.) An unorganized amylolytic ferment, on enzyme, present in human mixed saliva and in the saliva of some animals.

 Pty"a*lism (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to spit much, fr.
 &?; spittle, fr. &?; to spit: cf. F. ptyalisme.]
 Salivation, or an excessive flow of saliva. Quain.
 Pty*al"o*gogue (?), n. [Gr. &?; spittle + &?; driving.] (Med.)
 A ptysmagogue.

 Ptys"ma*gogue (?), n. [Gr. &?; spittle + &?; driving: cf.
 F. ptysmagogue.] (Med.) A medicine that promotes the discharge of saliva.

 ||Ptyx"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a folding.] (Bot.)
 The way in which a leaf is sometimes folded in the bud.

 Pub"ble (?), a. [Perhaps fr. bubble.] Puffed out, pursy; pudgy; fat. [Obs.] Drant.
 Pu"ber*al (?), a. [From L. puber, pubes, grown up, adult.] Of or pertaining to puberty.

 Pu"ber*ty (?), n. [L. pubertas, fr. puber, pubes, adult: cf. F. puberté.] 1. The earliest age at which persons are capable of begetting or bearing children, usually considered, in temperate climates, to be about fourteen years in males and twelve in females.

2. (Bot.) The period when a plant first bears flowers.

 Pu*ber"u*lent (?), a. [See Pubis.] (Bot.) Very minutely downy.

 Pu"bes (?), n. [L., the hair which appears on the body at puberty, from pubes adult.] 1. (Anat.) (a) The hair which appears upon the lower part of the hypogastric region at the age of puberty. (b) Hence (as more commonly used), the lower part of the hypogastric region; the pubic region.

2. (Bot.) The down of plants; a downy or villous substance which grows on plants; pubescence.

 Pu*bes"cence (?), n. [Cf. F. pubescence.] 1. The quality or state of being pubescent, or of having arrived at puberty. Sir T. Browne.
2. A covering of soft short hairs, or down, as one some plants and insects; also, the state of being so covered.

 Pu*bes"cen*cy (?), n. Pubescence.

 Pu*bes"cent (?), a. [L. pubescens, -entis, p. pr. of pubescere to reach puberty, to grow hairy or mossy, fr. pubes pubes: cf. F. pubescent.] 1. Arrived at puberty.

 That... the men (are) pubescent at the age of twice seven, is accounted a punctual truth.

Sir T. Browne.
2. Covered with pubescence, or fine short hairs, as certain insects, and the leaves of some plants.

 Pu"bic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pubes; in the region of the pubes; as, the pubic bone; the pubic region, or the lower part of the hypogastric region. See Pubes. (b) Of or pertaining to the pubis.

 ||Pu"bis (?), n. [NL. See Pubes.] (Anat.) The ventral and anterior of the three principal bones composing either half of the pelvis; sharebone; pubic bone.

 Pub"lic (?), a. [L. publicus, poblicus, fr. populus people: cf. F. public. See People.] 1. Of or pertaining to the people; belonging to the people; relating to, or affecting, a nation, state, or community; -- opposed to private; as, the public treasury.

 To the public good Private respects must yield.

Milton.
 He [Alexander Hamilton] touched the dead corpse of the public credit, and it sprung upon its feet.

D. Webster.
2. Open to the knowledge or view of all; general; common; notorious; as, public report; public scandal.

 Joseph,... not willing to make her a public example, was minded to put her away privily.

Matt. i. 19.
3. Open to common or general use; as, a public road; a public house. "The public street." Shak.
Public act or statute (Law), an act or statute affecting matters of public concern. Of such statutes the courts take judicial notice. -- Public credit. See under Credit. -- Public funds. See Fund, 3. -- Public house, an inn, or house of entertainment. -- Public law. (a) See International law, under International. (b) A public act or statute. -- Public nuisance. (Law) See under Nuisance. -- Public orator. (Eng.
 Universities) See Orator, 3. -- Public stores, military and naval stores, equipments, etc. -- Public works, all fixed works built by civil engineers for public use, as railways, docks, canals, etc.; but strictly, military and civil engineering works constructed at the public cost.

 Pub"lic, n. 1. The general body of mankind, or of a nation, state, or community; the people, indefinitely; as, the American public; also, a particular body or aggregation of people; as, an author's public.

 The public is more disposed to censure than to praise.

Addison.
2. A public house; an inn. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
In public, openly; before an audience or the people at large; not in private or secrecy. "We are to speak in public." Shak.
 Pub"li*can (?), n. [L. publicanus: cf. F. publicain.
 See Public.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) A farmer of the taxes and public revenues; hence, a collector of toll or tribute. The inferior officers of this class were often oppressive in their exactions, and were regarded with great detestation.

 As Jesus at meat... many publicans and sinners came and sat down with him and his disciples.

Matt. 1x. 10.
 How like a fawning publican he looks!

Shak.
2. The keeper of an inn or public house; one licensed to retail beer, spirits, or wine.

 Pub'li*ca"tion (?), n


over + scribere to write. See Super-, and Scribe.] To write or engrave (a name, address, inscription, or the like) on the top or surface; to write a name, address, or the like, on the outside or cover of (anything); as, to superscribe a letter.

 Su"per*script (?), n. Superscription. [Obs.] "I will overglance the superscript." Shak.
 Su'per*scrip"tion (?), n. [L. superscriptio. See Superscribe.]
 1. The act of superscribing.

2. That which is written or engraved on the surface, outside, or above something else; specifically, an address on a letter, envelope, or the like. Holland.
 The superscription of his accusation was written over, The King of the Jews.

Mark xv. 26.
3. (Pharm.) That part of a prescription which contains the Latin word recipe (Take) or the sign &?;.

 Su'per*sec"u*lar (?), a. Being above the world, or secular things.
 Bp. Hall.
 Su'per*sede" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superseded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Superseding.] [L. supersedere, supersessum, to sit above, be superior to, forbear, omit; super above + sedere to sit: cf. F. superséder. See Sit, and cf. Surcease.] 1.
 To come, or be placed, in the room of; to replace.

2. To displace, or set aside, and put another in place of; as, to supersede an officer.

3. To make void, inefficacious, or useless, by superior power, or by coming in the place of; to set aside; to render unnecessary; to suspend; to stay.

 Nothing is supposed that can supersede the known laws of natural motion.

Bentley.
4. (Old Law) To omit; to forbear.

 ||Su'per*se"de*as (?), n. [L., suspend, set aside, stay, 2d pers.
 sing. present subjunctive of supersedere. See Supersede.] (Law) A writ of command to suspend the powers of an officer in certain cases, or to stay proceedings under another writ. Blackstone.
 Su*per*se"dure (?), n. The act of superseding, or setting aside; supersession; as, the supersedure of trial by jury. A. Hamilton.
 Su'per*sem"i*nate (?), v. t. To sow, as seed, over something previously sown. [Obs.]

 That can not be done with joy, when it shall be indifferent to any man to superseminate what he please.

Jer. Taylor.
 Su'per*sem'i*na"tion (?), n. The sowing of seed over seed previously sown. [Obs.] Abp. Bramhall.
 Su'per*sen"si*ble (?), a. [Pref. super- + sensible: cf. F. supersensible.] Beyond the reach of the senses; above the natural powers of perception.

 Su'per*sen"si*tive (?), a. Excessively sensitive; morbidly sensitive. -- Su'per*sen"si*tive*ness, n. Su'per*sen"su*al (?), a. Supersensible.

 Su'per*sen"su*ous (?), a. 1. Supersensible.

2. Excessively sensuous.

 Su'per*serv"ice*a*ble (?), a. Overofficious; doing more than is required or desired. "A superserviceable, finical rogue." Shak.
 Su'per*ses"sion (?), n. [Cf. OF. supersession. See Supersede.]
 The act of superseding, or the state of being superseded; supersedure.

 The general law of diminishing return from land would have undergone, to that extent, a temporary supersession.

J. S. Mill.
 Su'per*so"lar (?), a. Above the sun. Emerson.
 Su'per*sphe*noid"al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated above, or on the dorsal side of, the body of the sphenoid bone.

 Su'per*spi"nous (?), a. (Anat.) Supraspinuos.

 Su'per*sti"tion (?), n. [F. superstition, L. superstitio, originally, a standing still over or by a thing; hence, amazement, wonder, dread, especially of the divine or supernatural, fr. superstare to stand over; super over + stare to stand. See Super-, and Stand.] 1. An excessive reverence for, or fear of, that which is unknown or mysterious.

2. An ignorant or irrational worship of the Supreme Deity; excessive exactness or rigor in religious opinions or practice; extreme and unnecessary scruples in the observance of religious rites not commanded, or of points of minor importance; also, a rite or practice proceeding from excess of sculptures in religion.

 And the truth With superstitions and traditions taint.

Milton.
3. The worship of a false god or gods; false religion; religious veneration for objects.

 [The accusers] had certain questions against him of their own superstition.

Acts xxv. 19.
4. Belief in the direct agency of superior powers in certain extraordinary or singular events, or in magic, omens, prognostics, or the like.

5. Excessive nicety; scrupulous exactness.

Syn. -- Fanaticism. -- Superstition, Fanaticism. Superstition springs from religious feeling misdirected or unenlightened. Fanaticism arises from this same feeling in a state of high-wrought and self-confident excitement. The former leads in some cases to excessive rigor in religious opinions or practice; in others, to unfounded belief in extraordinary events or in charms, omens, and prognostics, hence producing weak fears, or excessive scrupulosity as to outward observances. The latter gives rise to an utter disregard of reason under the false assumption of enjoying a guidance directly inspired. Fanaticism has a secondary sense as applied to politics, etc., which corresponds to the primary.

 Su'per*sti"tion*ist, n. One addicted to superstition. [Obs.] "Blind superstitionists." Dr. H. More.
 Su'per*sti"tious (?), a. [F. superstitieux, L. superstitiosus.]
 1. Of or pertaining to superstition; proceeding from, or manifesting, superstition; as, superstitious rites; superstitious observances.

2. Evincing superstition; overscrupulous and rigid in religious observances; addicted to superstition; full of idle fancies and scruples in regard to religion.

 Ye men of Athens, I perceive that in all things ye are too superstitious.

Acts xvii. 22.
3. Overexact; scrupulous beyond need.

Superstitious use (Law), the use of a gift or bequest, as of land, etc., for the maintenance of the rites of a religion not tolerated by the law. [Eng.] Mozley & W.
 -- Su'per*sti"tious*ly, adv. -- Su'per*sti"tious*ness, n. Su'per*strain" (?), v. t. To overstrain. Bacon.
 Su'per*stra"tum (?), n.; pl. Superstrata (&?;).
 [NL.: cf. L. supersternere, superstratum, to spread upon.
 See Super-, and Stratum.] A stratum, or layer, above another.

 Su'per*struct" (?), v. t. [L. superstructus, p. p. of superstruere to build upon; super over + struere to build. See Super-, and Structure.] To build over or upon another structure; to erect upon a foundation.

 This is the only proper basis on which to superstruct first innocency and then virtue.

Dr. H. More.
 Su'per*struc"tion (?


sound; as, to sound a note with the voice, or on an instrument.

3. To order, direct, indicate, or proclain by a sound, or sounds; to give a signal for by a certain sound; as, to sound a retreat; to sound a parley.

 The clock sounded the hour of noon.

G. H. Lewes.
4. To celebrate or honor by sounds; to cause to be reported; to publish or proclaim; as, to sound the praises of fame of a great man or a great exploit.

5. To examine the condition of (anything) by causing the same to emit sounds and noting their character; as, to sound a piece of timber; to sound a vase; to sound the lungs of a patient.

6. To signify; to import; to denote. [Obs.] Milton.
Soun[d]ing alway the increase of his winning.

Chaucer.
 Sound"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being sounded.

 Sound"age (?; 48), n. Dues for soundings.

 Sound"-board' (?), n. A soundingboard.

 To many a row of pipes the sound-board breathes.

Milton.
 Sound"er (?), n. One who, or that which; sounds; specifically, an instrument used in telegraphy in place of a register, the communications being read by sound.

 Sound"er, n. (Zoöl.) A herd of wild hogs.

 Sound"ing, a. Making or emitting sound; hence, sonorous; as, sounding words. Dryden.
 Sound"ing, n. 1. The act of one who, or that which, sounds (in any of the senses of the several verbs).

2. (Naut.) [From Sound to fathom.] (a) measurement by sounding; also, the depth so ascertained. (b) Any place or part of the ocean, or other water, where a sounding line will reach the bottom; -- usually in the plural. (c) The sand, shells, or the like, that are brought up by the sounding lead when it has touched bottom.

Sounding lead, the plummet at the end of a sounding line. -- Sounding line, a line having a plummet at the end, used in making soundings. -- Sounding post (Mus.), a small post in a violin, violoncello, or similar instrument, set under the bridge as a support, for propagating the sounds to the body of the instrument; -- called also sound post.
 -- Sounding rod (Naut.), a rod used to ascertain the depth of water in a ship's hold. -- In soundings, within the eighty-fathom line. Ham. Nav. Encyc.
 Sound"ing-board' (?), n. 1. (Mus.) A thin board which propagates the sound in a piano, in a violin, and in some other musical instruments.

2. A board or structure placed behind or over a pulpit or rostrum to give distinctness to a speaker's voice.

3. pl. See Sound boarding, under Sound, a noise.

 Sound"less (?), a. Not capable of being sounded or fathomed; unfathomable. Shak.
 Sound"less, a. Having no sound; noiseless; silent. -- Sound"less*ly, adv. -- Sound"less*ness, n. Sound"ly, adv. In a sound manner.

 Sound"ness, n. The quality or state of being sound; as, the soundness of timber, of fruit, of the teeth, etc.; the soundness of reasoning or argument; soundness of faith.

Syn. -- Firmness; strength; solidity; healthiness; truth; rectitude.

 Soune (?), v. t. & i. To sound. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Sounst (?), a. Soused. See Souse. [Obs.]

 Soup (?), n. [F. soupe, OF. sope, supe, soupe, perhaps originally, a piece of bread; probably of Teutonic origin; cf. D. sop sop, G. suppe soup. See Sop something dipped in a liquid, and cf. Supper.] A liquid food of many kinds, usually made by boiling meat and vegetables, or either of them, in water, -- commonly seasoned or flavored; strong broth.

Soup kitchen, an establishment for preparing and supplying soup to the poor. -- Soup ticket, a ticket conferring the privilege of receiving soup at a soup kitchen.

 Soup, v. t. To sup or swallow. [Obs.] Wyclif.
 Soup, v. t. To breathe out. [Obs.] amden.
 Soup, v. t. To sweep. See Sweep, and Swoop. [Obs.]

 ||Soupe'-mai"gre (?), n. [F.] (Cookery) Soup made chiefly from vegetables or fish with a little butter and a few condiments.

 Sou"ple (?), n. That part of a flail which strikes the grain. Knight.
 Soup"y (?), a. Resembling soup; souplike.

 Sour (?), a. [Compar. Sourer (?); superl. Sourest.]
 [OE. sour, sur, AS. s&?;r; akin to D. zuur, G. sauer, OHG. s&?;r, Icel. s&?;rr, Sw. sur, Dan. suur, Lith. suras salt, Russ. surovui harsh, rough. Cf. Sorrel, the plant.] 1. Having an acid or sharp, biting taste, like vinegar, and the juices of most unripe fruits; acid; tart.

 All sour things, as vinegar, provoke appetite.

Bacon.
2. Changed, as by keeping, so as to be acid, rancid, or musty, turned.

3. Disagreeable; unpleasant; hence; cross; crabbed; peevish; morose; as, a man of a sour temper; a sour reply. "A sour countenance." Swift.
 He was a scholar... Lofty and sour to them that loved him not, But to those men that sought him sweet as summer.

Shak.
4. Afflictive; painful. "Sour adversity." Shak.
5. Cold and unproductive; as, sour land; a sour marsh.

Sour dock (Bot.), sorrel. -- Sour gourd (Bot.), the gourdlike fruit Adansonia Gregorii, and A. digitata; also, either of the trees bearing this fruit. See Adansonia. -- Sour grapes. See under Grape. -- Sour gum (Bot.) See Turelo.
 -- Sour plum (Bot.), the edible acid fruit of an Australian tree (Owenia venosa); also, the tree itself, which furnished a hard reddish wood used by wheelwrights.

Syn. -- Acid; sharp; tart; acetous; acetose; harsh; acrimonious; crabbed; currish; peevish.

 Sour, n. A sour or acid substance; whatever produces a painful effect. Spenser.
 Sour, v. t. [AS. s&?;rian to sour, to become sour.] 1.
 To cause to become sour; to cause to turn from sweet to sour; as, exposure to the air sours many substances.

 So the sun's heat, with different powers, Ripens the grape, the liquor sours.

Swift.
2. To make cold and unproductive, as soil. Mortimer.
3. To make unhappy, uneasy, or less agreeable.

 To sour your happiness I must report, The queen is dead.

Shak.
4. To cause or permit to become harsh or unkindly. "Souring his cheeks." Shak.
 Pride had not sour'd nor wrath debased my heart.

Harte.
5. To macerate, and render fit for plaster or mortar; as, to sour lime for business purposes.

 Sour, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Soured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Souring.] To become sour; to turn from sweet to sour; as, milk soon sours in hot weather; a kind temper sometimes sours in adversity.

 They keep out melancholy from the virtuous, and hinder the hatred of vice from souring into severity.

Addison.


in OE., to compel, subject, or to leave in the control of another, and hence, to give up. See Ban.] 1. To cast or drive out; to banish; to expel; to reject.
 [Obs.]

 That he might... abandon them from him. Udall.
 Being all this time abandoned from your bed. Shak.
2. To give up absolutely; to forsake entirely ; to renounce utterly; to relinquish all connection with or concern on; to desert, as a person to whom one owes allegiance or fidelity; to quit; to surrender.

 Hope was overthrown, yet could not be abandoned. I. Taylor.
3. Reflexively: To give (one's self) up without attempt at self-control; to yield (one's self) unrestrainedly; -- often in a bad sense.

 He abandoned himself... to his favorite vice. Macaulay.
4. (Mar. Law) To relinquish all claim to; -- used when an insured person gives up to underwriters all claim to the property covered by a policy, which may remain after loss or damage by a peril insured against.

Syn. -- To give up; yield; forego; cede; surrender; resign; abdicate; quit; relinquish; renounce; desert; forsake; leave; retire; withdraw from. -- To Abandon, Desert, Forsake. These words agree in representing a person as giving up or leaving some object, but differ as to the mode of doing it. The distinctive sense of abandon is that of giving up a thing absolutely and finally; as, to abandon one's friends, places, opinions, good or evil habits, a hopeless enterprise, a shipwrecked vessel. Abandon is more widely applicable than forsake or desert. The Latin original of desert appears to have been originally applied to the case of deserters from military service. Hence, the verb, when used of persons in the active voice, has usually or always a bad sense, implying some breach of fidelity, honor, etc., the leaving of something which the person should rightfully stand by and support; as, to desert one's colors, to desert one's post, to desert one's principles or duty. When used in the passive, the sense is not necessarily bad; as, the fields were deserted, a deserted village, deserted halls. Forsake implies the breaking off of previous habit, association, personal connection, or that the thing left had been familiar or frequented; as, to forsake old friends, to forsake the paths of rectitude, the blood forsook his cheeks. It may be used either in a good or in a bad sense.

 A*ban"don, n. [F. abandon. fr. abandonner. See Abandon, v.] Abandonment; relinquishment. [Obs.]

 ||A'ban'don" ('bäN'dôN"), n. [F. See Abandon.] A complete giving up to natural impulses; freedom from artificial constraint; careless freedom or ease.

 A*ban"doned (*bn"dnd), a. 1. Forsaken, deserted. "Your abandoned streams." Thomson.
2. Self-abandoned, or given up to vice; extremely wicked, or sinning without restraint; irreclaimably wicked ; as, an abandoned villain.

Syn. -- Profligate; dissolute; corrupt; vicious; depraved; reprobate; wicked; unprincipled; graceless; vile. -- Abandoned, Profligate, Reprobate. These adjectives agree in expressing the idea of great personal depravity. Profligate has reference to open and shameless immoralities, either in private life or political conduct; as, a profligate court, a profligate ministry. Abandoned is stronger, and has reference to the searing of conscience and hardening of heart produced by a man's giving himself wholly up to iniquity; as, a man of abandoned character. Reprobate describes the condition of one who has become insensible to reproof, and who is morally abandoned and lost beyond hope of recovery.

 God gave them over to a reprobate mind. Rom. i. 28.
 A*ban"doned*ly, adv. Unrestrainedly.

 A*ban'don*ee" (*bn'dn*"), n. (Law) One to whom anything is legally abandoned.

 A*ban"don*er (*bn"dn*r), n. One who abandons. Beau. & Fl.
 A*ban"don*ment (-ment), n. [Cf. F. abandonnement.] 1.
 The act of abandoning, or the state of being abandoned; total desertion; relinquishment.

 The abandonment of the independence of Europe. Burke.
2. (Mar. Law) The relinquishment by the insured to the underwriters of what may remain of the property insured after a loss or damage by a peril insured against.

3. (Com. Law) (a) The relinquishment of a right, claim, or privilege, as to mill site, etc. (b) The voluntary leaving of a person to whom one is bound by a special relation, as a wife, husband, or child; desertion.

4. Careless freedom or ease; abandon. [R.] Carlyle.
 ||A*ban"dum (*bn"dm), n. [LL. See Abandon.] (Law) Anything forfeited or confiscated.

 Ab"a*net (b"*nt), n. See Abnet.

 ||A*ban"ga (*b"g), n. [Name given by the negroes in the island of St. Thomas.] A West Indian palm; also the fruit of this palm, the seeds of which are used as a remedy for diseases of the chest.

 { Ab'an*na"tion (b'n*n"shn), Ab'an*nition (b'n*nsh"n), } n. [LL. abannatio; ad + LL. bannire to banish.] (Old Law) Banishment.
 [Obs.] Bailey.
 Ab'ar*tic'u*la"tion (acr/b'är*tk'*l"shn), n. [L. ab + E. articulation : cf. F. abarticulation. See Article.] (Anat.)
 Articulation, usually that kind of articulation which admits of free motion in the joint; diarthrosis. Coxe.
 A*base" (*bs"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abased (*bst"); p. pr. & vb. n. Abasing.] [F. abaisser, LL. abassare, abbassare ; ad + bassare, fr. bassus low. See Base, a.] 1. To lower or depress; to throw or cast down; as, to abase the eye. [Archaic] Bacon.
 Saying so, he abased his lance. Shelton.
2. To cast down or reduce low or lower, as in rank, office, condition in life, or estimation of worthiness; to depress; to humble; to degrade.

 Whosoever exalteth himself shall be abased. Luke xiv. ll.
Syn. -- To Abase, Debase, Degrade. These words agree in the idea of bringing down from a higher to a lower state. Abase has reference to a bringing down in condition or feelings; as, to abase the proud, to abase one's self before God. Debase has reference to the bringing down of a thing in purity, or making it base. It is, therefore, always used in a bad sense, as, to debase the coin of the kingdom, to debase the mind by vicious indulgence, to debase one's style by coarse or vulgar expressions. Degrade has reference to a bringing down from some higher grade or from some standard.
 Thus, a priest is degraded from the clerical office. When used in a moral sense, it denotes a bringing down in character and just estimation; as, degraded by intemperance, a degrading employment, etc.
 "Art is


book, etc.

2. A close embrace; a throwing of the arms around; a grasping, as with the hand.

Clasp knife, a large knife, the blade of which folds or shuts into the handle. -- Clasp lock, a lock which closes or secures itself by means of a spring.

 Clasp"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, clasps, as a tendril. "The claspers of vines." Derham.
2. (Zoöl.) (a) One of a pair of organs used by the male for grasping the female among many of the Crustacea. (b) One of a pair of male copulatory organs, developed on the anterior side of the ventral fins of sharks and other elasmobranchs. See Illust. of Chimæra.

 Clasp"ered (?), a. Furnished with tendrils.

 Class (kls), n. [F. classe, fr. L. classis class, collection, fleet; akin to Gr. klh^sis a calling, kalei^n to call, E. claim, haul.] 1. A group of individuals ranked together as possessing common characteristics; as, the different classes of society; the educated class; the lower classes.

2. A number of students in a school or college, of the same standing, or pursuing the same studies.

3. A comprehensive division of animate or inanimate objects, grouped together on account of their common characteristics, in any classification in natural science, and subdivided into orders, families, tribes, genera, etc.

4. A set; a kind or description, species or variety.

 She had lost one class energies. Macaulay.
5. (Methodist Church) One of the sections into which a church or congregation is divided, and which is under the supervision of a class leader.

Class of a curve (Math.), the kind of a curve as expressed by the number of tangents that can be drawn from any point to the curve. A circle is of the second class. -- Class meeting (Methodist Church), a meeting of a class under the charge of a class leader, for counsel and relegious instruction.

 Class (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Classed (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Classing.] [Cf. F. classer. See Class, n.]
 1. To arrange in classes; to classify or refer to some class; as, to class words or passages.

 In scientific arrangement, to classify is used instead of to class.
 Dana.
2. To divide into classes, as students; to form into, or place in, a class or classes.

 Class, v. i. To grouped or classed.

 The genus or famiky under which it classes. Tatham.
 Class"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being classed.

 { Clas"sic (?), Clas"sic*al (?), } a. [L. classicus relating to the classes of the Roman people, and especially to the frist class; hence, of the first rank, superior, from classis class: cf. F. classique.
 See Class, n.] 1. Of or relating to the first class or rank, especially in literature or art.

 Give, as thy last memorial to the age, One classic drama, and reform the stage. Byron.
 Mr. Greaves may justly be reckoned a classical author on this subject [Roman weights and coins]. Arbuthnot.
2. Of or pertaining to the ancient Greeks and Romans, esp. to Greek or Roman authors of the highest rank, or of the period when their best literature was produced; of or pertaining to places inhabited by the ancient Greeks and Romans, or rendered famous by their deeds.

 Though throned midst Latium's classic plains. Mrs.
 Hemans.
 The epithet classical, as applied to ancient authors, is determined less by the purity of their style than by the period at which they wrote. Brande & C. He [Atterbury] directed the classical studies of the undergraduates of his college. Macaulay.
3. Conforming to the best authority in literature and art; chaste; pure; refined; as, a classical style.

Classical, provincial, and national synods. Macaulay.
Classicals orders. (Arch.) See under Order.

 Clas"sic, n. 1. A work of acknowledged excellence and authority, or its author; -- originally used of Greek and Latin works or authors, but now applied to authors and works of a like character in any language.

 In is once raised him to the rank of a legitimate English classic.
Macaulay.
2. One learned in the literature of Greece and Rome, or a student of classical literature.

 Clas"sic*al*ism (?), n. 1. A classical idiom, style, or expression; a classicism.

2. Adherence to what are supposed or assumed to be the classical canons of art.

 Clas"sic*al*ist, n. One who adheres to what he thinks the classical canons of art. Ruskin.
 { Clas'si*cal"i*ty (?), Clas"sic*al*ness (?), } n. The quality of being classical.

 Clas"sic*al*ly, adv. 1. In a classical manner; according to the manner of classical authors.

2. In the manner of classes; according to a regular order of classes or sets.

 Clas"si*cism (?), n. A classic idiom or expression; a classicalism.
 C. Kingsley.
 Clas"si*cist (?), n. One learned in the classics; an advocate for the classics.

 Clas"si*fi'a*ble (?), a. Capable of being classified.

 Clas*sif"ic (?), a. Characterizing a class or classes; relating to classification.

 Clas'si*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. classification.] The act of forming into a class or classes; a distribution into groups, as classes, orders, families, etc., according to some common relations or affinities.

Artificial classification. (Science) See under Artifitial.

 Clas"si*fi*ca'to*ry (?), a. Pertaining to classification; admitting of classification. "A classificatory system." Earle.
 Clas"si*fi'er (?), n. One who classifies.

 Clas"si*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & pp. Classified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Classifying.] [L. classis class + &?;] To distribute into classes; to arrange according to a system; to arrange in sets according to some method founded on common properties or characters.

Syn. -- To arrange; distribute; rank.

 ||Clas"sis (?), n.; pl. Classes (#). [L. See Class, n.] 1. A class or order; sort; kind. [Obs.]

 His opinion of that classis of men. Clarendon.
2. (Eccl.) An ecclesiastical body or judicatory in certain churches, as the Reformed Dutch. It is intermediate between the consistory and the synod, and corresponds to the presbytery in the Presbyterian church.

 Class"man (?), n.; pl. Classmen(#). 1. A member of a class; a classmate.

2. A candidate for graduation in arts who is placed in an honor class, as opposed to a passman, who is not classified. [Oxford, Eng.]

 Class"mate' (?), n. One who is in the same class with another, as at school or college.

 Clas"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; br&?;, fr. &?; to break.] 1.
 Pertaining to what may be taken apart; as, clastic anatomy (of models).

2. (Min.) Fragmental


Editorial Note: Framley Parsonage, the fourth of Anthony Trollope's Barsetshire novels, was first published serially in the Cornhill Magazine from January, 1860, through April, 1861, and in book form (three volumes) by Smith, Elder in 1861.
Both the Cornhill serial and the Smith, Elder first edition had six full-page illustrations by John Everett Millais, and those are included in this e-book.

FRAMLEY PARSONAGE by ANTHONY TROLLOPE CONTENTS I. "OMNES OMNIA BONA DICERE."
II. THE FRAMLEY SET, AND THE CHALDICOTES SET.
III. CHALDICOTES.
IV. A MATTER OF CONSCIENCE.
V. AMANTIUM IRÆ AMORIS INTEGRATIO.
VI. MR. HAROLD SMITH'S LECTURE.
VII. SUNDAY MORNING.
VIII. GATHERUM CASTLE.
IX. THE VICAR'S RETURN.
X. LUCY ROBARTS.
XI. GRISELDA GRANTLY.
XII. THE LITTLE BILL.
XIII. DELICATE HINTS.
XIV. MR. CRAWLEY OF HOGGLESTOCK.
XV. LADY LUFTON'S AMBASSADOR.
XVI. MRS. PODGENS' BABY.
XVII. MRS. PROUDIE'S CONVERSAZIONE.
XVIII. THE NEW MINISTER'S PATRONAGE.
XIX. MONEY DEALINGS.
XX. HAROLD SMITH IN THE CABINET.
XXI. WHY PUCK, THE PONY, WAS BEATEN.
XXII. HOGGLESTOCK PARSONAGE.
XXIII. THE TRIUMPH OF THE GIANTS.
XXIV. MAGNA EST VERITAS.
XXV. NON-IMPULSIVE.
XXVI. IMPULSIVE.
XXVII. SOUTH AUDLEY STREET.
XXVIII. DR. THORNE.
XXIX. MISS DUNSTABLE AT HOME.
XXX. THE GRANTLY TRIUMPH.
XXXI. SALMON FISHING IN NORWAY.
XXXII. THE GOAT AND COMPASSES.
XXXIII. CONSOLATION.
XXXIV. LADY LUFTON IS TAKEN BY SURPRISE.
XXXV. THE STORY OF KING COPHETUA.
XXXVI. KIDNAPPING AT HOGGLESTOCK.
XXXVII. MR. SOWERBY WITHOUT COMPANY.
XXXVIII. IS THERE CAUSE OR JUST IMPEDIMENT?
XXXIX. HOW TO WRITE A LOVE LETTER.
XL. INTERNECINE.
XLI. DON QUIXOTE.
XLII. TOUCHING PITCH.
XLIII. IS SHE NOT INSIGNIFICANT?
XLIV. THE PHILISTINES AT THE PARSONAGE.
XLV. PALACE BLESSINGS.
XLVI. LADY LUFTON'S REQUEST.
XLVII. NEMESIS.
XLVIII. HOW THEY WERE ALL MARRIED, HAD TWOCHILDREN, AND LIVED HAPPY EVER AFTER.

ILLUSTRATIONS LORD LUFTON AND LUCY ROBARTS. CHAPTER XI.
"WAS IT NOT A LIE?" CHAPTER XVI.
THE CRAWLEY FAMILY. CHAPTER XXII.
LADY LUFTON AND THE DUKE OF OMNIUM. CHAPTER XXIX.
MRS. GRESHAM AND MISS DUNSTABLE. CHAPTER XXXVIII.
"MARK," SHE SAID, "THE MEN ARE HERE." CHAPTER XLIV.

CHAPTER I.
"OMNES OMNIA BONA DICERE."
When young Mark Robarts was leaving college, his father might well declare that all men began to say all good things to him, and to extol his fortune in that he had a son blessed with so excellent a disposition.
This father was a physician living at Exeter. He was a gentleman possessed of no private means, but enjoying a lucrative practice, which had enabled him to maintain and educate a family with all the advantages which money can give in this country. Mark was his eldest son and second child; and the first page or two of this narrative must be consumed in giving a catalogue of the good things which chance and conduct together had heaped upon this young man's head.
His first step forward in life had arisen from his having been sent, while still very young, as a private pupil to the house of a clergyman, who was an old friend and intimate friend of his father's.
This clergyman had one other, and only one other, pupil—the young Lord Lufton; and between the two boys, there had sprung up a close alliance.
While they were both so placed, Lady Lufton had visited her son, and then invited young Robarts to pass his next holidays at Framley Court. This visit was made; and it ended in Mark going back to Exeter with a letter full of praise from the widowed peeress. She had been delighted, she said, in having such a companion for her son, and expressed a hope that the boys might remain together during the course of their education. Dr. Robarts was a man who thought much of the breath of peers and peeresses, and was by no means inclined to throw away any advantage which might arise to his child from such a friendship. When, therefore, the young lord was sent to Harrow, Mark Robarts went there also.
That the lord and his friend often quarrelled, and occasionally fought,—the fact even that for one period of three months they never spoke to each other—by no means interfered with the doctor's hopes.
Mark again and again stayed a fortnight at Framley Court, and Lady Lufton always wrote about him in the highest terms.
And then the lads went together to Oxford, and here Mark's good fortune followed him, consisting rather in the highly respectable manner in which he lived, than in any wonderful career of collegiate success. His family was proud of him, and the doctor was always ready to talk of him to his patients; not because he was a prizeman, and had gotten medals and scholarships, but on account of the excellence of his general conduct. He lived with the best set—he incurred no debts—he was fond of society, but able to avoid low society—liked his glass of wine, but was never known to be drunk; and, above all things, was one of the most popular men in the university.
Then came the question of a profession for this young Hyperion, and on this subject, Dr. Robarts was invited himself to go over to Framley Court to discuss the matter with Lady Lufton. Dr. Robarts returned with a very strong conception that the Church was the profession best suited to his son.
Lady Lufton had not sent for Dr. Robarts all the way from Exeter for nothing. The living of Framley was in the gift of the Lufton family, and the next presentation would be in Lady Lufton's hands, if it should fall vacant before the young lord was twenty-five years of age, and in the young lord's hands if it should fall afterwards. But the mother and the heir consented to give a joint promise to Dr.
Robarts. Now, as the present incumbent was over seventy, and as the living was worth £900 a year, there could be no doubt as to the eligibility of the clerical profession.
And I must further say, that the dowager and the doctor were justified in their choice by the life and principles of the young man—as far as any father can be justified in choosing such a profession for his son, and as far as any lay impropriator can be justified in making such a promise. Had Lady Lufton had a second son, that second son would probably have had the living, and no one would have thought it wrong;—certainly not if that second son had been such a one as Mark Robarts.
Lady Lufton herself was a woman who thought much on religious matters, and would by no means have been disposed to place any one in a living, merely because such a one had been her son's friend. Her tendencies were High Church, and she was enabled to perceive that those of young Mark Robarts ran in the same direction. She was very desirous that her son should make an associate of his clergyman, and by this step she would insure, at any rate, that.