asant) Ingredients: Pheasant, macaroni, gravy, butter, Parmesan, tomatoes.

 Lard a pheasant, roast it, and serve it on a layer of macaroni cooked with good reduced gravy, two ounces of butter, a tablespoonful of grated Parmesan, and a puree of tomatoes. Serve with Neapolitan sauce (No. 12) in a sauce bowl.

 No. 143. Fagiano alla Perigo (Pheasant) Ingredients: Pheasant, butter, truffles, larding bacon, Madeira.

 Make a mixture of three tablespoonsful of chopped truffles, three ounces of butter and a little salt, and with this stuff a pheasant. Then cover it with slices of fat bacon and keep it in a cool place till next day. A few hours before serving, roast the pheasant and baste it well with melted butter and a wine-glass of Madeira or Marsala. Make a crouton of fried bread the shape of your dish, and over this put a Layer of forcemeat of fowl and a number of small fowl quenelles; cover them with buttered paper, then put the dish in the oven for a few minutes so as to settle the forcemeat. When the pheasant is cooked, place it on the crouton and garnish it with slices of truffle which have been previously cooked in Madeira, and serve with a Perigord sauce.

 No. 144. Anitra Selvatica (Wild Duck) Ingredients: Wild duck, butter, fowls' livers, Marsala, gravy, turnips, carrots, parsley, mushrooms.

 Cut a wild duck into quarters and put it into a stewpan with two fowls' livers cut up and fried in butter. When the pieces of duck are coloured on both sides, pour off the butter, and in its place pour a glass of Marsala, a cup of stock, and a cup of Espagnole sauce (No.1), and cook gently for ten minutes. In the meantime shape and blanch six young turnips and as many young carrots, put them into a stewpan, and on the top of them put the pieces of wild duck, liver, &c. Pass the liquor through a sieve and pour it over the wild duck, add a bunch of parsley and other herbs and five little mushrooms cut up, and cook on a slow fire for half an hour.
 Skim the sauce, pass it through a sieve and add a pinch of sugar. Put the pieces of wild duck in an entree dish, add the vegetables, &c., pour the sauce over and serve.

 No. 145. Perniciotti alla Gastalda (Partridges) Ingredients: Partridges, cauliflower, bacon, sausage, fowls' livers, carrots, onions herbs, stock, gravy, butter, Madeira.

 Cut a cauliflower into quarters, blanch for a few minutes, drain, and put it into a saucepan with some bits of bacon. Let it drain on paper till dry, then arrange the bits in a circle in a deep stewpan, and in the centre put a small bit of sausage, the livers of the partridges, a fowl's liver cut up, a carrot, an onion, and a bunch of herbs. Cover about three-quarters high with good stock and gravy, put butter on the top and boil gently for an hour; then take out the sausage, replace it by two or three partridges, and simmer for three-quarters of an hour. In the meantime cut a sausage in thin slices and line a mould with it. When the birds are cooked, take them out, drain and cut them up, and fill the mould with alternate layers of partridge and cauliflower, and steam for half an hour. Five minutes before serving turn the mould over on a plate, but do not take it off, so as to let all the grease drain off. Cut up the fowls' and partridges' livers, make them into scallops and glaze them. Wipe off all the grease round the mould; take it off, garnish the dish with the scallops of liver and serve hot with an Espagnole sauce (No. 1) reduced, and add a glass of Madeira or Marsala, and a glass of essence of game to it. This is an excellent way of cooking an old partridge or pheasant.

 No. 146. Beccaccini alla Diplomatica (Snipe) Ingredients: Snipe, ham, larding bacon, herbs, Marsala, croutons, truffles, cocks' combs, mushrooms, sweetbread, tongue.

 Truss fourteen snipe and cook them in a mirepoix made with plenty of ham, fat bacon, herbs, and a wine glass of Marsala. When they are cooked pour off the sauce, skim off the grease and reduce it. Take the two smallest snipe and make a forcemeat of them by pounding them in a mortar with the livers of all the snipe, then dilute this with reduced Espagnole sauce (No. 1) and add it to the first sauce. Cut twelve croutons of bread just large enough to hold a snipe each, and fry them in butter. Add some chopped herbs and truffles to the forcemeat, spread it on the croutons, and on each place a snipe and cover it with a bit of fat bacon and buttered paper. Put them in a moderate oven for a few minutes, arrange them on a dish, and pour some of their own sauce over them. Garnish the spaces between the croutons with white cocks' combs, mushrooms, and truffles. The truffles should be scooped out and filled with a little stuffing of sweetbread, tongue, and truffles mixed with a little of the sauce of the snipe. Serve the rest of the sauce in a sauce-boat.

 No. 147. Piccioni alla minute (Pigeons) Ingredients: Pigeons, butter, truffles, herbs, fowls' livers, sweetbread, salt, flour, stock, Burgundy.

 Prepare two pigeons and put them into a stewpan with two ounces of butter, two truffles cut up, two fowls' livers, half-pound of sweetbread cuttings (boiled), a bunch of herbs and salt. Let them brown a little, then add a dessert-spoonful of flour mixed with stock, and half a glass of Burgundy, and stew gently for half an hour.

 No. 148. Piccioni in Ripieno (Stuffed Pigeons) Ingredients: Pigeons, sweetbread, parsley, onions, carrots, salt, pepper, bacon, stock, Chablis, fowls' livers, and gizzards.

 Cut up a sweetbread, a fowl's liver and gizzard, an onion, a sprig of parsley, and add salt and pepper. Put this stuffing into two pigeons, tie larding bacon over them, and put them into a stewpan with a glass of Chablis, a cup of stock, an onion, and a carrot. When cooked pass the sauce through a sieve, skim it, add a little more sauce, and pour it over the pigeons.

 No. 149. Lepre in istufato (Stewed Hare) Ingredients: Hare, butter, onions, garlic, marjoram, celery, ham, salt, Chablis, stock, mushrooms, spice, tomatoes.

 Put into a stewpan three ounces of butter, an onion cut up, a clove of garlic with a cut across it, a sprig of marjoram, and a little cut-up ham.
 Fry these slightly, put the hare cut up into the same stewpan, and let it get brown. Then pour a glass of Chablis and a glass of stock over it; add a little tomato sauce or a mashed-up tomato, a pinch of spice, and a few mushrooms; take out the garlic and let the rest stew gently for an hour or more. Keep the cover on the stewpan, but stir the stew occasionally.

 No. 150. Lepre Agro-dolce (Hare) Ingredients: Hare, vinegar butter, onion, ham, stock salt, sugar, chocolate, almonds, raisins.

 Cut up a hare


. chacier, F. chasser, fr.
 (assumed) LL. captiare, fr. L. captare to strive to seize.
 See Catch.] 1. To pursue for the purpose of killing or taking, as an enemy, or game; to hunt.

 We are those which chased you from the field. Shak.
 Philologists, who chase A panting syllable through time and place. Cowper.
2. To follow as if to catch; to pursue; to compel to move on; to drive by following; to cause to fly; -- often with away or off; as, to chase the hens away.

Chased by their brother's endless malice from prince to prince and from place to place. Knolles.
3. To pursue eagerly, as hunters pursue game.

Chasing each other merrily. Tennyson.
 Chase, v. i. To give chase; to hunt; as, to chase around after a doctor. [Colloq.]

 Chase, n. [Cf. F. chasse, fr. chasser. See Chase, v.]
 1. Vehement pursuit for the purpose of killing or capturing, as of an enemy, or game; an earnest seeking after any object greatly desired; the act or habit of hunting; a hunt. "This mad chase of fame." Dryden.
 You see this chase is hotly followed. Shak.
2. That which is pursued or hunted.

 Nay, Warwick, seek thee out some other chase, For I myself must hunt this deer to death. Shak.
3. An open hunting ground to which game resorts, and which is private properly, thus differing from a forest, which is not private property, and from a park, which is inclosed. Sometimes written chace.
 [Eng.]

4. (Court Tennis) A division of the floor of a gallery, marked by a figure or otherwise; the spot where a ball falls, and between which and the dedans the adversary must drive his ball in order to gain a point.

Chase gun (Naut.), a cannon placed at the bow or stern of an armed vessel, and used when pursuing an enemy, or in defending the vessel when pursued. -- Chase port (Naut.), a porthole from which a chase gun is fired. -- Stern chase (Naut.), a chase in which the pursuing vessel follows directly in the wake of the vessel pursued.

 Chase, n. [F. cháse, fr. L. capsa box, case.
 See Case a box.] (Print.) 1. A rectangular iron frame in which pages or columns of type are imposed.

2. (Mil.) The part of a cannon from the reënforce or the trunnions to the swell of the muzzle. See Cannon.

3. A groove, or channel, as in the face of a wall; a trench, as for the reception of drain tile.

4. (Shipbuilding) A kind of joint by which an overlap joint is changed to a flush joint, by means of a gradually deepening rabbet, as at the ends of clinker-built boats.

 Chase, v. t. [A contraction of enchase.] 1. To ornament (a surface of metal) by embossing, cutting away parts, and the like.

2. To cut, so as to make a screw thread.

 Chas"er (?), n. 1. One who or that which chases; a pursuer; a driver; a hunter.

2. (Naut.) Same as Chase gun, esp. in terms bow chaser and stern chaser. See under Bow, Stern.

 Chas"er, n. 1. One who chases or engraves. See 5th Chase, and Enchase.

2. (Mech.) A tool with several points, used for cutting or finishing screw threads, either external or internal, on work revolving in a lathe.

 Chas"i*ble (?), n. See Chasuble.

 Chas"ing (?), n. The art of ornamenting metal by means of chasing tools; also, a piece of ornamental work produced in this way.

 Chasm (?), n. [L. chasma, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to grape, to open wide. See Chaos.] 1. A deep opening made by disruption, as a breach in the earth or a rock; a yawning abyss; a cleft; a fissure.

 That deep, romantic chasm which slanted down the green hill.
Coleridge.
2. A void space; a gap or break, as in ranks of men.

 Memory... fills up the chasms of thought. Addison.
 Chasmed (?), a. Having gaps or a chasm. [R.]

 Chas"my (?), a. Of or pertaining to a chasm; abounding in chasms.
 Carlyle.
 They cross the chasmy torrent's foam-lit bed. Wordsworth.
 Chas'se" (?), n. [F., fr. chassé, p. p. of chasser to chase.] A movement in dancing, as across or to the right or left.

 Chas'se", v. i. (Dancing) To make the movement called chassé; as, all chassé; chassé to the right or left.

 Chas"se*las (?), n. [F., from the village of Chasselas.] A white grape, esteemed for the table.

 ||Chasse'pot" (?), n. [From the French inventor, A. A. Chassepot.]
 (Mil.) A kind of breechloading, center-fire rifle, or improved needle gun.

 Chas'seur" (?), n. [F., a huntsman. See Chase to pursue.] 1.
(Mil.) One of a body of light troops, cavalry or infantry, trained for rapid movements.

2. An attendant upon persons of rank or wealth, wearing a plume and sword.

 The great chasseur who had announced her arrival. W. Irving.
 Chas"sis (?), n. [F. châssis.] (Mil.) A traversing base frame, or movable railway, along which the carriage of a barbette or casemate gun moves backward and forward. [See Gun carriage.]

 Chast (chst), v. t. to chasten. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Chaste (chst), a. [F. chaste, from L. castus pure, chaste; cf. Gr. kaqaro's pure, Skr. çudth to purify.]

1. Pure from unlawful sexual intercourse; virtuous; continent. "As chaste as Diana." Shak.
 Whose bed is undefiled and chaste pronounced. Milton.
2. Pure in thought and act; innocent; free from lewdness and obscenity, or indecency in act or speech; modest; as, a chaste mind; chaste eyes.

3. Pure in design and expression; correct; free from barbarisms or vulgarisms; refined; simple; as, a chaste style in composition or art.

 That great model of chaste, lofty, and eloquence, the Book of Common Prayer. Macaulay.
4. Unmarried. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Syn. -- Undefiled; pure; virtuous; continent; immaculate; spotless.

Chaste tree. Same as Agnus castus.

 Chaste"ly, adv. In a chaste manner; with purity.

 Chas"ten (ch"s'n), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chastened (-s'nd); p. pr. & vb. n. Chastening.] [OE. chastien, OF.
 Chastier, F. Ch&?;tier, fr. L. castigare to punish, chastise; castus pure + agere to lead, drive. See Chaste, Act, and cf. Castigate, Chastise.] 1. To correct by punishment; to inflict pain upon the purpose of reclaiming; to discipline; as, to chasten


AMOURS DE VOYAGE By Arthur Hugh Clough 1903 Macmillan edition Contents AMOURS DE VOYAGE.
 Canto I. Canto II.
 Canto III.
 Canto IV.
 Canto V. AMOURS DE VOYAGE.

 Canto I. Canto II.

 Canto III.

 Canto IV.

 Canto V.


the state.

 She wrote the "Bible and the Flag in the Public Schools" and has contributed both prose and verse to the leading magazines and newspapers.
 Feature articles and many good essays appear over her signature. Her "Passing From Under The Partial Eclipse" did much to give Kansas City, Kansas her recognized place commercially on the map. A novel, "The Cresap Pension," exposing a great pension fraud, is ready for the press.

 JESSIE WRIGHT WHITECOMB.

 Jessie Wright Whitcomb, a Topeka writer of juvenile books is a lawyer in active practice with her husband, Judge George H. Whitcomb and a mother of a remarkable family of five boys and one girl. The oldest son gained his A. B. in 1910 at the age of eighteen; in 1911 was appointed Rhodes scholar for Kansas; and is now a student at Oxford. His father and mother are in England at present visiting him.

 Mrs. Whitcomb is a contributor to the magazines and in addition, has written "Odd Little Lass," "Freshman and Senior," "Majorbanks," "His Best Friend," "Pen's Venture," "Queer As She Could Be," and "Curly Head."

 She is a graduate of the University of Vermont and the Boston University Law School and was the first woman to lecture before a man's law school.

 MYRA WILLIAMS JARRELL.

 Myra Williams Jarrell, the daughter of the late Archie L. Williams, for thirty years, the attorney for the Union Pacific Railway in Kansas, and the grand-daughter of Judge Archibald Williams, the first United States Circuit Judge of Kansas, appointed by Lincoln, comes of a literary family.
 All of the men and some of the women on the father's side of the family and also, on the mother's to a great extent, had literary talent.

 As a child, she cherished an ambition to write and when occasionally one of her letters to St. Nicholas saw publication, she felt she had crossed the Alps of her desire. Her first real story, however, was written as she rocked the cradle of her first born. The day, when she first saw her "stuff" in print, stands out in her memory second only to the hallowed days of her personal history, her wedding day and the days upon which her children were born.

 Since then, Mrs. Jarrell has contributed to almost all the high class magazines and has furnished special feature articles to newspapers.

 Some years ago, a small book, "Meg, of Valencia," was written and now, a novel, "The Hand of The Potter" is ready for publication.

 In 1894, Myra Williams and J. F. Jarrell were married. This union was blest with four children, three sons and one daughter. Mr. Jarrell is Publicity Agent of the Santa Fe. A number of years ago, he bought the Holton Signal and in trying to help her husband put some individuality into the paper, Mrs. Jarrell began a department headed "Ramblings." Later this was syndicated and finally issued in book form.

 Last winter, a play, "The Plain Clothes Man," was produced by the North Brothers Stock Co., at the Majestic Theatre, Topeka. This well written play, with its novel and original characterization and its effective comedy lines, is now in the hands of two New York play brokers. Before many months, Mrs. Jarrell will be enjoying a royalty.

 In preparation, are two plays, as yet nameless; also, a play in collaboration with Mr. North of the North Stock Co. With her brother, Burus L. Williams, of Kansas City, Mo., Mrs. Jarrell has written an opera, "The Mix Up in the Kingdom of Something-Like," which awaits only the lyrics Mr. Williams is writing and the music. An opera, "The Kingdom of Never Come True," also, in collaboration with Mr. Williams, is being set to music by Arthur Pryor, the bandmaster.

 A serial story, "John Bishop, Farmer," a collaboration with Albert T. Reed, the artist, is to be published soon in the Kansas Farmer. Later, this will appear in book form. A novel, which Mrs. Jarrell believes will be her best work, is in construction and is clamoring to be written.

 ELLEN PALMER ALLERTON.

 Ellen Palmer Allerton, the sweet and gentle poetess, beloved of Kansas, lived at Padonia, in Brown County, when she wrote her famous poem, "Wall of Corn."

 She was past her prime when she came to Kansas from the Wisconsin home, the subject of many of her noble gems. As she grew older, she grew stronger in poetic strength.

 Three volumes of poems have been published, "Walls of Corn and Other Poems," "Annabel and Other Poems," and "Poems of the Prairie." Her "Walls of Corn," written in 1884, famous from the first, as used as railroad immigration advertising, was translated in several languages and distributed all over Europe. This and her "Trail of Forty-nine" are her best, although the classic beauty of "Beautiful Things" is unsurpassed by any other American writer.

 is a fitting close to the beautiful, useful life of the author.

 Mrs. Allerton was born in Centerville. New York, in 1835 and began writing verse at the age of seventeen. Much as she has written, yet writing was only a pastime. She never let it interfere with her housework. Thoroughly practical, she did all her own work, just because she loved to do it. Her flowers of which she had many, in doors and out, resulted in many noble, inspiring lines. In 1862, she was married to A. B. Allerton of Wisconsin, coming to Kansas in 1865. She was best appreciated for her social qualities and her interest in charity—that broader charity that praises the beauty and ignores the blemishes. Her last poem, "When Days Grow Dark" is a beautiful pen picture of her sweetness and resignation in her growing blindness and her love and trust in him who had been her companion down the years.

 She died in 1893, at Padonia, and was buried in a bed of her favorite white flowers, donated by loving friends. In the little graveyard at Hamlin, one reads "Beautiful Things" on a modest stone at the head of her little bed.

 EMMA TANNER WOOD.

 Mrs. Emma Tanner Wood (Caroline Cunningham), a Topeka woman, began newspaper work in 1872. The result of those early years' work was "Spring Showers," a volume of prose. After thirty years of study and experience among the defectives, she wrote "Too Fit For The Unfit," advocating surgery for the feeble-minded. The story of Mrs. Benton, one of the characters, led Mrs. Wood to introduce a law preventing children being sent to the poor house. This was the first law purely in the interest of children ever passed in Kansas. Later, a law preventing traveling hypnotists from using school children as subjects in public exhibitions was drawn up by Mrs. Wood and passed.

 Several years ago, a book on hypnotism, far in advance of the public thought, was written and is to be published this year.

 Mrs. Wood is seventy years young and as she says: "finds age the very sweetest part of life. It is no small satisfaction to laugh at the follies of others and know that you are past committing them. It is equally delightful to be responsible only to one's self and order one's life as one chooses. Every day is a holy day to me now and the sweetness of common things, grass, flowers, neighborly love, grand-children, and home comforts fill me with satisfaction. To think kindly of all things under the sun (but sin); to speak kindly to all; to do little kindly acts is a greater good to the world at large than we think while we are in the heat of battle."

 CORNELIA M. STOCKTON.

 A cheerful little room in the East wing of St. Margaret's Hospital, Kansas City, Kansas; an invalid chair wheeled up to a window over looking the street; and the eager, expectant face and the warm hand clasp of the occupant, Mrs. Cornelia M. Stockton, assures the visitor of a hearty welcome.

 Greatly enfeebled by long illness and with impaired sight, this bright


Human Nature, by Joseph Butler Transcribed from the 1887 Cassell & Co. edition by David Price, email _EMAIL_ HUMAN NATURE and other sermons by JOSEPH BUTLER bishop of durham.
CASSELL & COMPANY, Limited: london, paris, new york & melbourne.
1887 INTRODUCTION.
Joseph Butler was born in 1692, youngest of eight children of a linendraper at Wantage, in Berkshire. His father was a Presbyterian, and after education at the Wantage Free Grammar School Joseph Butler was sent to be educated for the Presbyterian ministry in a training academy at Gloucester, which was afterwards removed to Tewkesbury. There he had a friend and comrade, Secker, who afterwards became Archbishop of Canterbury. Butler and Secker inquired actively, and there was foreshadowing of his future in the fact that in 1713, at the age of twenty-one, Butler was engaged in anonymous discussion with Samuel Clarke upon his book on the à priori demonstration of the Divine Existence and Attributes.
When the time drew near for call to the ministry, Butler, like his friend Secker, had reasoned himself into accordance with the teaching of the Church of England. Butler's father did not oppose his strong desire to enter the Church, and he was entered in 1714 at Oriel College, Oxford. At college a strong friendship was established between Butler and a fellow-student, Edward Talbot, whose father was a Bishop, formerly of Oxford and Salisbury, then of Durham. Through Talbot's influence Butler obtained in 1718 the office of Preacher in the Rolls Chapel, which he held for the next eight years. In 1722 Talbot died, and on his death-bed urged his father on behalf of his friend Butler. The Bishop accordingly presented Joseph Butler to the living of Houghton-le-Spring. But it was found that costs of dilapidations were beyond his means at Houghton, and Butler had a dangerous regard for building works. He was preferred two years afterwards to the living of Stanhope, which then became vacant, and which yielded a substantial income. Butler sought nothing for himself, his simplicity of character, real worth, and rare intellectual power, secured him friends, and the love of two of them—Talbot first, and afterwards Secker, who made his own way in the Church, and became strong enough to put his friend as well as himself in the way of worldly advancement, secured for Butler all the patronage he had, until the Queen also became his active friend.
Joseph Butler was seven years at Stanhope, quietly devoted to his parish duties, preaching, studying, and writing his "Analogy of Religion, Natural and Revealed, to the Constitution and Course of Nature." In 1727, while still at Stanhope, he was appointed to a stall in Durham Cathedral. Secker, having become chaplain to the Queen, encouraged her in admiration of Butler's sermons. He told her that the author was not dead, but buried, and secured her active interest in his behalf. From Talbot, who had become Lord Chancellor, Secker had no difficulty in obtaining for Butler a chaplaincy which exempted him from the necessity of residence at Stanhope. Butler, in accepting it, stipulated for permission to live and work in his parish for six months in every year. Next he was made chaplain to the King, and Rector of St. James's, upon which he gave up Stanhope. In 1736 Queen Caroline appointed him her Clerk of the Closet, an office which gave Butler the duty of attendance upon her for two hours every evening. In that year he published his "Analogy," of which the purpose was to meet, on its own ground, the scepticism of his day. The Queen died in 1737, and, in accordance with the strong desire expressed in her last days, in 1738 Butler was made a Bishop. But his Bishopric was Bristol, worth only £300 or £400 a year. The King added the Deanery of St. Paul's, when that became vacant in 1740, and in 1750, towards the close of his life, Joseph Butler was translated to the Bishopric of Durham. He died in 1752.
No man could be less self-seeking. He owed his rise in the Church wholly to the intellectual power and substantial worth of character that inspired strong friendship. Seeing how little he sought worldly advancement for himself, while others were pressing and scrambling, Butler's friends used their opportunities of winning for him the advancement he deserved. He was happiest in doing his work, of which a chief part was in his study, where he employed his philosophic mind in strengthening the foundations of religious faith.
Faith in God was attacked by men who claimed especially to be philosophers, and they were best met by the man who had, beyond all other divines of his day—some might not be afraid to add, of any day—the philosophic mind.
H. M. SERMON I. UPON HUMAN NATURE.
Romans xii. 4, 5.
For as we have many members in one body, and all members have not the same office: so we, being many, are one body in Christ, and every one members one of another.
The Epistles in the New Testament have all of them a particular reference to the condition and usages of the Christian world at the time they were written. Therefore as they cannot be thoroughly understood unless that condition and those usages are known and attended to, so, further, though they be known, yet if they be discontinued or changed, exhortations, precepts, and illustrations of things, which refer to such circumstances now ceased or altered, cannot at this time be urged in that manner and with that force which they were to the primitive Christians. Thus the text now before us, in its first intent and design, relates to the decent management of those extraordinary gifts which were then in the Church, [1] but which are now totally ceased.
And even as to the allusion that "we are one body in Christ," though what the apostle here intends is equally true of Christians in all circumstances, and the consideration of it is plainly still an additional motive, over and above moral considerations, to the discharge of the several duties and offices of a Christian, yet it is manifest this allusion must have appeared with much greater force to those who, by the many difficulties they went through for the sake of their religion, were led to keep always in view the relation they stood in to their Saviour, who had undergone the same: to those, who, from the idolatries of all around them, and their ill-treatment, were taught to consider themselves as not of the world in which they lived, but as a distinct society of themselves; with laws and ends, and principles of life and action, quite contrary to those which the world professed themselves at that time influenced by. Hence the relation of a Christian was by them considered as nearer than that of affinity and blood; and they almost literally esteemed themselves as members one of another.
It cannot, indeed, possibly be denied, that our being God's creatures, and virtue being the natural law we are born under, and the whole constitution of man being plainly adapted to it, are prior obligations to piety and virtue than the consideration that God sent his Son into the world to save it, and the motives which arise from the peculiar relation of Christians as members one of another under Christ our head.
However, though all this be allowed, as it expressly is by the inspired writers, yet it is manifest that Christians at the time of the Revelation, and immediately after, could not but insist mostly upon considerations of this latter kind.
These observations show the original particular reference to the text, and the peculiar force with which the thing intended by the allusion in it must have been felt by the primitive Christian world. They likewise afford a reason for treating it at this time in a more general way.
The relation which the several parts or members of the natural body have to each other and to the whole body is here compared to the relation which each particular person in society has to other particular persons and to the whole society; and the latter is intended to be illustrated by the former. And if there be a likeness between these two relations, the consequence is obvious: that the latter shows us we were intended to do good to others, as the former shows us that the several members of the natural body were intended to be instruments of good to each other and to the whole body. But as there is scarce any ground for a comparison between society and the mere material body, this without the mind being a dead unactive thing, much less can the comparison be carried to any length. And since the apostle speaks of the several


interposition: cf. F. intervention.]

1. The act of intervening; interposition.

 Sound is shut out by the intervention of that lax membrane.

Holder.
2. Any interference that may affect the interests of others; especially, of one or more states with the affairs of another; mediation.

 Let us decide our quarrels at home, without the intervention, of any foreign power.

Sir W. Temple.
3. (Civil Law) The act by which a third person, to protect his own interest, interposes and becomes a party to a suit pending between other parties.

 In'ter*ven"tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. interventeur.] One who intervenes; a mediator; especially (Eccles. Hist.), a person designated by a church to reconcile parties, and unite them in the choice of officers. Coleman.
 In'ter*ven*tric"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Between the ventricles; as, the interventricular partition of the heart.

 In'ter*ven"ue (?), n. [See Intervene, Avenue.] Interposition.
 [Obs.] Sir H. Blount.
 In'ter*vert" (?), v. t. [L. intervertere; inter between + vertere to turn.] To turn to another course or use.
 [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.
 In'ter*ver"te*bral (?), a. (Anat.) Between vertebræ.
 -- In'ter*ver"te*bral*ly, adv.
 In"ter*view (?), n. [F. entrevue, fr. entrevoir to see imperfectly, to have a glimpse of, s'entrevoir to visit each other. See Inter-, and View.]

1. A mutual sight or view; a meeting face to face; usually, a formal or official meeting for consultation; a conference; as, the secretary had an interview with the President.

2. A conversation, or questioning, for the purpose of eliciting information for publication; the published statement so elicited.

 A recent use, originating in American newspapers, but apparently becoming general.

 In"ter*view, v. t. To have an interview with; to question or converse with, especially for the purpose of obtaining information for publication. [Recent] In"ter*view'er (?), n. One who interviews; especially, one who obtains an interview with another for the purpose of eliciting his opinions or obtaining information for publication.

 It would have made him the prince of interviewers in these days.

Leslie Stephen.
 In"ter*view'ing, n. The act or custom of holding an interview or interviews.

 An article on interviewing in the "Nation" of January 28, 1869,.
 .. was the first formal notice of the practice under that name.

The American.
 In'ter*vis"i*ble (?), a. (Surv.) Mutually visible, or in sight, the one from the other, as stations.

 In'ter*vis"it (?), v. i. To exchange visits. [R.] Evelyn.
 In'ter*vi"tal (?), a. Between two lives. [R.]

 Through all its [the spirit's] intervital gloom.

Tennyson.
 In'ter*vo*lu"tion (?), n. The state of being intervolved or coiled up; a convolution; as, the intervolutions of a snake. Hawthorne.
 In'ter*volve" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Intervolved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Intervolving.] [Pref. inter- + L. volvere, volutum, to roll.] To involve one within another; to twist or coil together. Milton.
 In'ter*weave" (?), v. t. [imp. & obs. p. p. Interwove (?); p. p. Interwoven (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Interweaving.]

1. To weave together; to intermix or unite in texture or construction; to intertwine; as, threads of silk and cotton interwoven.

 Under the hospitable covert nigh Of trees thick interwoven.

Milton.
2. To intermingle; to unite intimately; to connect closely; as, to interweave truth with falsehood. Dryden.
 Words interwove with sighs found out their way.

Milton.
 In'ter*wish" (?), v. t. To wish mutually in regarded to each other.
 [Obs.] Donne.
 In'ter*work"ing (?), n. The act of working in together; interweaving. Milton.
 In'ter*world" (?), n. A world between other worlds. Holland.
 { In'ter*wove" (?), In'ter*wov"en (?), } imp. & p. p. of Interweave.

 In'ter*wreathe" (?), v. t. To weave into a wreath; to intertwine.
 [R.] Lovelace.
 In*tes"ta*ble (?), a. [L. intestabilis: cf. F. intestable.
 See Innot, and Testable.] (Law) Not capable of making a will; not legally qualified or competent to make a testament. Blackstone.
 In*tes"ta*cy (?), n. [From Intestate.] The state of being intestate, or of dying without having made a valid will. Blackstone.
 In*tes"tate (?), a. [L. intestatus; pref. innot + testatus, p. p. of testari to make a will: cf. F. intestat.
 See Testament.]

1. Without having made a valid will; without a will; as, to die intestate.
 Blackstone.
 Airy succeeders of intestate joys.

Shak.
2. Not devised or bequeathed; not disposed of by will; as, an intestate estate.

 In*tes"tate, n. (Law) A person who dies without making a valid will. Blackstone.
 In*tes"ti*nal (?), a. [Cf. F. intestinal.] Of or pertaining to the intestines of an animal; as, the intestinal tube; intestinal digestion; intestinal ferments.

Intestinal canal. Same as Intestine, n. -- Intestinal worm (Zoöl.), any species of helminth living in the intestinal canal of any animal. The species are numerous.

 In*tes"tine (?), a. [L. intestinus, fr. intus on the inside, within, fr. in in: cf. F. intestine. See In.]

1. Internal; inward; -- opposed to external.

 Epilepsies, fierce catarrhs, Intestine stone and ulcers.

Milton.
2. Internal with regard to a state or country; domestic; not foreign; -- applied usually to that which is evil; as, intestine disorders, calamities, etc.

 Hoping here to end Intestine war in heaven, the arch foe subdued.

Milton.
 An intestine struggle... between authority and liberty.

Hume.
3. Depending upon the internal constitution of a body or entity; subjective.

 Everything labors under an intestine necessity.

Cudworth.
4. Shut up; inclosed. [R.] Cowper.
 In*tes"tine, n.; pl. Intestines (#). [L. intestinum: cf. F. intestin. See Intestine, a.]

1. (Anat.) That part of the alimentary canal between the stomach and the anus. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus.

2. pl. The bowels; entrails; viscera.

Large intestine (Human Anat. & Med.), the lower portion of the bowel, terminating at the anus. It is adapted for the retention of fecal matter, being shorter, broader, and less convoluted than the small intestine; it consists of three parts, the c


. To strip or tear off; to remove by stripping, as the skin of an animal, the bark of a tree, etc.

 Peel, v. i. To lose the skin, bark, or rind; to come off, as the skin, bark, or rind does; -- often used with an adverb; as, the bark peels easily or readily.

 Peel, n. The skin or rind; as, the peel of an orange.

 Pee"le (?), n. (Zoöl.) A graceful and swift South African antelope (Pelea capreola). The hair is woolly, and ash-gray on the back and sides. The horns are black, long, slender, straight, nearly smooth, and very sharp. Called also rheeboc, and rehboc.

 Peel"er (?), n. One who peels or strips.

 Peel"er, n. [See Peel to plunder.] A pillager.

 Peel"er, n. A nickname for a policeman; -- so called from Sir Robert Peel. [British Slang] See Bobby.

 Peel"house' (?), n. See 1st Peel. Sir W. Scott.
 Peen (?), n. [Cf. G. pinne pane of a hammer.] (a) A round-edged, or hemispherical, end to the head of a hammer or sledge, used to stretch or bend metal by indentation. (b) The sharp-edged end of the head of a mason's hammer. [Spelt also pane, pein, and piend.]

 Peen, v. t. To draw, bend, or straighten, as metal, by blows with the peen of a hammer or sledge.

 Peenge (?), v. i. To complain. [Scot.]

 Peep (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Peeped (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Peeping.] [Of imitative origin; cf. OE. pipen, F. piper, pépier, L. pipire, pipare, pipiare, D. & G. piepen. Senses 2 and 3 perhaps come from a transfer of sense from the sound which chickens make upon the first breaking of the shell to the act accompanying it; or perhaps from the influence of peek, or peak. Cf. Pipe.] 1. To cry, as a chicken hatching or newly hatched; to chirp; to cheep.

 There was none that moved the wing, or opened the mouth, or peeped.

Is. x. 14.
2. To begin to appear; to look forth from concealment; to make the first appearance.

 When flowers first peeped, and trees did blossoms bear.

Dryden.
 3. To look cautiously or slyly; to peer, as through a crevice; to pry.

eep through the blanket of the dark.

Shak.
 From her cabined loophole peep.

Milton.
Peep sight, an adjustable piece, pierced with a small hole to peep through in aiming, attached to a rifle or other firearm near the breech.

 Peep (?), n. 1. The cry of a young chicken; a chirp.

2. First outlook or appearance.

 Oft have we seen him at the peep of dawn.

Gray.
3. A sly look; a look as through a crevice, or from a place of concealment.

 To take t' other peep at the stars.

Swift.
4. (Zoöl.) (a) Any small sandpiper, as the least sandpiper (Trigna minutilla). (b) The European meadow pipit (Anthus pratensis).

Peep show, a small show, or object exhibited, which is viewed through an orifice or a magnifying glass. -- Peep-o'-day boys, the Irish insurgents of 1784; -- so called from their visiting the house of the loyal Irish at day break in search of arms. [Cant] Peep"er (?), n. 1. A chicken just breaking the shell; a young bird.

2. One who peeps; a prying person; a spy.

 Who's there? peepers,... eavesdroppers?

J. Webster.
3. The eye; as, to close the peepers. [Colloq.]

 Peep"hole' (?), n. A hole, or crevice, through which one may peep without being discovered.

 Peep"ing hole'. See Peephole.

 Pee"pul tree' (?). [Hind. ppal, Skr. pippala.] (Bot.)
 A sacred tree (Ficus religiosa) of the Buddhists, a kind of fig tree which attains great size and venerable age. See Bo tree. [Written also pippul tree, and pipal tree.]

 Peer (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Peered (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Peering.] [OF. parir, pareir equiv. to F. paraître to appear, L. parere. Cf. Appear.] 1.
 To come in sight; to appear. [Poetic] So honor peereth in the meanest habit.

Shak.
 See how his gorget peers above his gown!

B. Jonson.
2. [Perh. a different word; cf. OE. piren, LG. piren.
 Cf. Pry to peep.] To look narrowly or curiously or intently; to peep; as, the peering day. Milton.
Peering in maps for ports, and piers, and roads.

Shak.
 As if through a dungeon grate he peered.

Coleridge.
 Peer, n. [OE. per, OF. per, F. pair, fr. L. par equal. Cf. Apparel, Pair, Par, n., Umpire.] 1. One of the same rank, quality, endowments, character, etc.; an equal; a match; a mate.

 In song he never had his peer.

Dryden.
 Shall they consort only with their peers?

I. Taylor.
2. A comrade; a companion; a fellow; an associate.

 He all his peers in beauty did surpass.

Spenser.
3. A nobleman; a member of one of the five degrees of the British nobility, namely, duke, marquis, earl, viscount, baron; as, a peer of the realm.

 A noble peer of mickle trust and power.

Milton.
House of Peers, The Peers, the British House of Lords. See Parliament. -- Spiritual peers, the bishops and archibishops, or lords spiritual, who sit in the House of Lords.

 Peer v. t. To make equal in rank. [R.] Heylin.
 Peer v. t. To be, or to assume to be, equal. [R.]

 Peer"age (?), n. [See Peer an equal, and cf. Parage.] 1. The rank or dignity of a peer. Blackstone.
2. The body of peers; the nobility, collectively.

 When Charlemain with all his peerage fell.

Milton.
 Peer"dom (?), n. Peerage; also, a lordship. [Obs.]

 Peer"ess, n. The wife of a peer; a woman ennobled in her own right, or by right of marriage.

 { Peer"ie, Peer"y } (?), a. [See 1st Peer, 2.] Inquisitive; suspicious; sharp. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] "Two peery gray eyes."
 Sir W. Scott.
 Peer"less (?), a. Having no peer or equal; matchless; superlative.
 "Her peerless feature." Shak.
 Unvailed her peerless light.

Milton.
 --Peer"less*ly, adv.


The Hunchback, by James Sheridan Knowles Transcribed from the 1887 Cassell & Company edition by David Price, email _EMAIL_ THE HUNCHBACK.
THE LOVE-CHASE.
by JAMES SHERIDAN KNOWLES CASSELL & COMPANY, Limited: london, paris, new york & melbourne.
1887.
INTRODUCTION James Sheridan Knowles was born at Cork in 1784, and died at Torquay in December, 1862, at the age of 78. His father was a teacher of elocution, who compiled a dictionary, and who was related to the Sheridans. He moved to London when his son was eight years old, and there became acquainted with William Hazlitt and Charles Lamb. The son, after his school education, obtained a commission in the army, but gave up everything for the stage, and made his first appearance at the Crow Street Theatre, in Dublin. He did not become a great actor, and when he took to writing plays he did not prove himself a great poet, but his skill in contriving situations through which a good actor can make his powers tell upon the public, won the heart of the great actor of his day, and as Macready's own poet he rose to fame.
Before Macready had discovered him, Sheridan Knowles lived partly by teaching elocution at Belfast and Glasgow, partly by practice of elocution as an actor. In 1815 he produced at the Belfast Theatre his first play, Caius Gracchus. His next play, Virginius was produced at Glasgow with great success. Macready, who had, at the age of seventeen, begun his career as an actor at his father's theatre in Birmingham, had, on Monday, October 5th, 1819, at the age of twenty-six, taken the Londoners by storm in the character of Richard III Covent Garden reopened its closed treasury. It was promptly followed by a success in Coriolanus, and Macready's place was made. He was at once offered fifty pounds a night for appearing on one evening a week at Brighton. It was just after that turn in Macready's fortunes that a friend at Glasgow recommended to him the part of Virginius in Sheridan Knowles's play lately produced there. He agreed unwillingly to look at it, and says that in April, 1820, the parcel containing the MS. came as he was going out. He hesitated, then sat down to read it that he might get a wearisome job over. As he read, he says, "The freshness and simplicity of the dialogue fixed my attention; I read on and on, and was soon absorbed in the interest of the story and the passion of its scenes, till at its close I found myself in such a state of excitement that for a time I was undecided what step to take. Impulse was in the ascendant, and snatching up my pen I hurriedly wrote, as my agitated feelings prompted, a letter to the author, to me then a perfect stranger." Bryan Procter (Barry Cornwall) read the play next day with Macready, and confirmed him in his admiration of it.
Macready at once got it accepted at the theatre, where nothing was spent on scenery, but there was a good cast, and the enthusiasm of Macready as stage manager for the occasion half affronted some of his seniors. On the 17th of May, 1820, about a month after it came into Macready's hands, Virginius was produced at Covent Garden, where, says the actor in his "Reminiscences," "the curtain fell amidst the most deafening applause of a highly-excited auditory." Sheridan Knowles's fame, therefore, was made, like that of his friend Macready, and the friendship between author and actor continued.
Sheridan Knowles had a kindly simplicity of character, and the two qualities for which an actor most prizes a dramatist, skill in providing opportunities for acting that will tell, and readiness to make any changes that the actor asks for. The postscript to his first letter to Macready was, "Make any alterations you like in any part of the play, and I shall be obliged to you." When he brought to the great actor his play of William Tell—Caius Gracchus had been produced in November, 1823—there were passages of writing in it that stopped the course of action, and, says Macready, "Knowles had less of the tenacity of authorship than most writers," so that there was no difficulty about alterations, Macready having in a very high degree the tenacity of actorship. And so, in 1825, Tell became another of Macready's best successes.
Sheridan Knowles continued to write for the stage until 1845, when he was drawn wholly from the theatre by a religious enthusiasm that caused him, in 1851, to essay the breaking of a lance with Cardinal Wiseman on the subject of Transubstantiation. Sir Robert Peel gave ease to his latter days by a pension of £200 a year from the Civil List, which he had honourably earned by a career as dramatist, in which he sought to appeal only to the higher sense of literature, and to draw enjoyment from the purest source. Of his plays time two comedies [1] here given are all that have kept their place upon the stage. As one of the most earnest dramatic writers of the present century he is entitled to a little corner in our memory. Worse work of the past has lasted longer than the plays of Sheridan Knowles are likely to last through the future.
H. M. THE HUNCHBACK.
DRAMATIS PERSONÆ.
(AS ORIGINALLY PERFORMED AT COVENT GARDEN IN 1832.)
Julia Miss F. Kemble.
Helen Miss Taylor.
Master Walter Mr. J. S. Knowles.
Sir Thomas Clifford Mr. C. Kemble.
Lord Tinsel Mr. Wrench.
Master Wilford Mr. J. Mason.
Modus Mr. Abbott.
Master Heartwell Mr. Evans.
Gaylove Mr. Henry.
Fathom Mr. Meadows.
Thomas Mr. Barnes.
Stephen Mr. Payne.
Williams Mr. Irwin.
Simpson Mr. Brady.
Waiter Mr. Heath.
Holdwell Mr. Bender.
Servants Mr. J. Cooper.
Mr. Lollett.
ACT I. SCENE I.—A Tavern.
On one side Sir Thomas Clifford, at a table, with wine before him; on the other, Master Wilford, Gaylove, Holdwell, and Simpson, likewise taking wine.
Wilf. Your wine, sirs! your wine! You do not justice to mine host of the Three Tuns, nor credit to yourselves; I swear the beverage is good! It is as palatable poison as you will purchase within a mile round Ludgate! Drink, gentlemen; make free. You know I am a man of expectations; and hold my money as light as the purse in which I carry it.
Gay. We drink, Master Wilford. Not a man of us has been chased as yet.
Wilf. But you fill not fairly, sirs! Look at my measure! Wherefore a large glass, if not for a large draught?
Fill, I pray you, else let us drink out of thimbles! This will never do for the friends of the nearest of kin to the wealthiest peer in Britain.
Gay. We give you joy, Master Wilford, of the prospect of advancement which has so unexpectedly opened to you.
Wilf. Unexpectedly indeed! But yesterday arrived the news that the Earl's only son and heir had died; and to-day has the Earl himself been seized with a mortal illness. His dissolution is looked for hourly; and I, his cousin in only the third degree, known to him but to be unnoticed by him—a decayed gentleman's son—glad of the title and revenues of a scrivener's clerk—am the undoubted successor to his estates and coronet.
Gay. Have you been sent for?
Wilf. No; but I have certified to his agent, Master Walter, the Hunchback, my existence, and peculiar propinquity; and momentarily expect him here.
Gay. Lives there anyone that may dispute your claim—I mean vexatiously?
Wilf. Not a man, Master Gaylove. I am the sole remaining branch of the family tree.
Gay. Doubtless you look for much happiness from this change of fortune?
Wilf. A world!


the above the sea level constitutes a third coördinate. -- Polar coördinates, coördinates made up of a radius vector and its angle of inclination to another line, or a line and plane; as those defined in (b) and (d) above. -- Rectangular coördinates, coördinates the axes of which intersect at right angles. -- Rectilinear coördinates, coördinates made up of right lines. Those defined in (a) and (c) above are called also Cartesian coördinates. -- Trigonometrical or Spherical coördinates, elements of reference, by means of which the position of a point on the surface of a sphere may be determined with respect to two great circles of the sphere. -- Trilinear coördinates, coördinates of a point in a plane, consisting of the three ratios which the three distances of the point from three fixed lines have one to another.

 Co*ör"di*nate*ly (?), adv. In a coördinate manner.

 Co*ör"di*nate*ness, n. The state of being coördinate; equality of rank or authority.

 Co*ör'di*na"tion (?), n. 1. The act of coördinating; the act of putting in the same order, class, rank, dignity, etc.; as, the coördination of the executive, the legislative, and the judicial authority in forming a government; the act of regulating and combining so as to produce harmonious results; harmonious adjustment; as, a coördination of functions. "Coördination of muscular movement by the cerebellum." Carpenter.
2. The state of being coördinate, or of equal rank, dignity, power, etc.

 In this high court of parliament, there is a rare coördination of power. Howell.
 Co*ör"di*na*tive (?), a. (Gram.) Expressing coördination.
 J. W. Gibbs.
 Coot (kt), n. [Cf. D. koet, W. cwtair; cwta short, bodtailed + iar hen; cf. cwtau to dock. Cf. Cut.] 1.
(Zoöl.) (a) A wading bird with lobate toes, of the genus Fulica. The common European or bald coot is F. atra (see under bald); the American is F. Americana. (b) The surf duck or scoter. In the United States all the species of (Œdemia are called coots. See Scoter. "As simple as a coot." Halliwell.
2. A stupid fellow; a simpleton; as, a silly coot. [Colloq.]

 Coot"er (-r), n. (Zoöl.) (a) A fresh-water tortoise (Pseudemus concinna) of Florida. (b) The box tortoise.

 Coot"foot' (-ft'), n. (Zoöl.) The phalarope; -- so called because its toes are like the coot's.

 Coo*thay" (k*th"), n.A striped satin made in India. McElrath.
 Cop (kp), n. [AS. cop; cf. G. kopf head. Cf. Cup, Cob.]
 1. The top of a thing; the head; a crest. [Obs.]

Cop they used to call The tops of many hills. Drayton.
2. A conical or conical-ended mass of coiled thread, yarn, or roving, wound upon a spindle, etc.

3. A tube or quill upon which silk is wound.

4. (Mil. Arch.) Same as Merlon.

5. A policeman. [Slang] Cop waste, a kind of cotton waste, composed chiefly of remnants of cops from which the greater part of the yarn has been unwound.

 { Co*pai"ba (?; 277), Co*pai"va (?) }, n. [Sp. & Pg., fr.
 Brazil. cupaúba.] (Med.) A more or less viscid, yellowish liquid, the bitter oleoresin of several species of Copaifera, a genus of trees growing in South America and the West Indies. It is stimulant and diuretic, and is much used in affections of the mucous membranes; -- called also balsam of copaiba. [Written also capivi.]

 Co"pal (k"pal; 277), [Sp., fr. Mexican copalli, a generic name of resins. Clavigero.] A resinous substance flowing spontaneously from trees of Zanzibar, Madagascar, and South America (Trachylobium Hornemannianum, T. verrucosum, and Hymenæa Courbaril), and dug from earth where forests have stood in Africa; -- used chiefly in making varnishes. Ure.
 Co*par"ce*na*ry (k*pär"s*n*r), n.; pl. Coparcenaries (-rz). [Pref. co- + parcenary] (Law) Partnership in inheritance; joint heirship; joint right of succession to an inheritance.

 Co*par"ce*ner (-nr), n. [Pref. co- + parcener.] (Law) One who has an equal portion with others of an inheritance.

 All the coparceners together make but one heir, and have but one estate among them. Blackstone.
 Co*par"ce*ny (?), n. [Abbrev. of Coparcenary.] (Law) An equal share of an inheritance.

 Co*part (?), v. t. [Cf. Compart] To share. [Obs.]

 For, of all miserias, I hold that chief Wretched to be, when none coparts our grief. Webster (1661).
 Co*part"ment (?), n. A compartment. [Obs.] T. Warton.
 Co*part"ner (?), n. One who is jointly concerned with one or more persons in business, etc.; a partner; an associate; a partaker; a sharer.

 the associates and copartners of our loss. Milton.
 Co*part"ner*ship, n. 1. The state of being a copartner or of having a joint interest in any matter.

2. A partnership or firm; as, A. and B. have this day formed a copartnership.

 Co*part"ner*y (?), n.; pl. Copartneries (&?;).
 the state of being copartners in any undertaking. [R.]

 Cop"a*tain (?), a. [Formed fr. cop, in imitation of captain.
 See Cop, Captain.] Having a high crown, or a point or peak at top. [Obs.]

 A copatain hat made on a Flemish block. Gascoigne.
 Co*pa"tri*ot (?), n. A joint patriot.

 Cope (kp), n. [A doublet of cape. See Cape, Cap.] 1.
 A covering for the head. [Obs.] Johnson.
2. Anything regarded as extended over the head, as the arch or concave of the sky, the roof of a house, the arch over a door. "The starry cope of heaven." Milton.
3. An ecclesiastical vestment or cloak, semicircular in form, reaching from the shoulders nearly to the feet, and open in front except at the top, where it is united by a band or clasp. It is worn in processions and on some other occasions. Piers plowman.
 A hundred and sixty priests all in their copes. Bp.
 Burnet.
4. An ancient tribute due to the lord of the soil, out of the lead mines in Derbyshire, England.

5. (Founding) The top part of a flask or mold; the outer part of a loam mold. Knight. De Colange.
 Cope, v. i. To form a cope or arch; to


or such a delineation as would result were the chief points of the object thrown forward upon the plane, each in the direction of a line drawn through it from a given point of sight, or central point; as, the projection of a sphere. The several kinds of projection differ according to the assumed point of sight and plane of projection in each.

5. (Geog.) Any method of representing the surface of the earth upon a plane.

Conical projection, a mode of representing the sphere, the spherical surface being projected upon the surface of a cone tangent to the sphere, the point of sight being at the center of the sphere. -- Cylindric projection, a mode of representing the sphere, the spherical surface being projected upon the surface of a cylinder touching the sphere, the point of sight being at the center of the sphere. -- Globular, Gnomonic, Orthographic, projection,etc. See under Globular, Gnomonic, etc. -- Mercator's projection, a mode of representing the sphere in which the meridians are drawn parallel to each other, and the parallels of latitude are straight lines whose distance from each other increases with their distance from the equator, so that at all places the degrees of latitude and longitude have to each other the same ratio as on the sphere itself. -- Oblique projection, a projection made by parallel lines drawn from every point of a figure and meeting the plane of projection obliquely. -- Polar projection, a projection of the sphere in which the point of sight is at the center, and the plane of projection passes through one of the polar circles. -- Powder of projection (Alchemy.), a certain powder cast into a crucible or other vessel containing prepared metal or other matter which is to be thereby transmuted into gold. -- Projection of a point on a plane (Descriptive Geom.), the foot of a perpendicular to the plane drawn through the point. -- Projection of a straight line of a plane, the straight line of the plane connecting the feet of the perpendiculars let fall from the extremities of the given line.

Syn. -- See Protuberance.

 Pro*ject"ment (?), n. Design; contrivance; projection. [Obs.] Clarendon.
 Pro*ject"or (?), n. [Cf. F. projeteur.] One who projects a scheme or design; hence, one who forms fanciful or chimerical schemes. L'Estrange.
 Pro*jec"ture (?), n. [L. projectura: cf. F. projecture.]
 A jutting out beyond a surface.

 ||Pro'jet" (?), n. [F. See Project, n.] A plan proposed; a draft of a proposed measure; a project.

 Proke (?), v. i. To poke; to thrust. [Obs.] Holland.
 Pro*lapse" (?), n. [L. prolapsus, fr. prolapsus, p. p. of prolabi to fall forward; pro forward + labi to glide, fall.] (Med.) The falling down of a part through the orifice with which it is naturally connected, especially of the uterus or the rectum. Dunglison.
 Pro*lapse", v. i. To fall down or out; to protrude.

 Pro*lap"sion (?), n. [L. prolapsio.] (Med.) Prolapse.
 [ Written also prolaption.] [Obs.]

 Pro*lap"sus (?), n. [L.] (Med.) Prolapse.

 Pro"late (?), a. [L. prolatus, used as p. p. of proferre to bring forth, to extend; pro + latus, p. p. See Pro-, and Tolerate. ] Stretched out; extended; especially, elongated in the direction of a line joining the poles; as, a prolate spheroid; -- opposed to oblate.

Prolate cycloid. See the Note under Cycloid. -- Prolate ellipsoid or spheroid (Geom.), a figure generated by the revolution of an ellipse about its major axis. See Ellipsoid of revolution, under Ellipsoid.

 Pro*late" (?), v. t. To utter; to pronounce. [Obs.] "Foun-der-ed; prolate it right." B. Jonson.
 Pro*la"tion (?), n. [L. prolatio: cf. F. prolation.]

1. The act of prolating or pronouncing; utterance; pronunciation.
 [Obs.] Ray.
2. The act of deferring; delay. [Obs.] Ainsworth.
3. (Mus.) A mediæval method of determining of the proportionate duration of semibreves and minims. Busby.
 ||Pro*la"tum (?), n.; pl. Prolata (#). [ NL. See Prolate.] (Geom.) A prolate spheroid. See Ellipsoid of revolution, under Ellipsoid.

 Pro"leg (?), n. [Pref. profor, in place of + leg.]
 (Zoöl.) One of the fleshy legs found on the abdominal segments of the larvæ of Lepidoptera, sawflies, and some other insects. Those of Lepidoptera have a circle of hooks. Called also proped, propleg, and falseleg.

 Pro"leg'ate (?; 48), n. [L. prolegatus; pro for + legatus legate.] (Rom. Hist.) The deputy or substitute for a legate.

 Prol'e*gom"e*na*ry (?), a. Of the nature of a prolegomenon; preliminary; introductory; prefatory.

 ||Prol'e*gom"e*non (?), n.; pl. Prolegomena (#). [ NL., fr. Gr. &?;, properly neut. pass. p. pr. of &?; to say beforehand; &?; before + &?; to say.] A preliminary remark or observation; an introductory discourse prefixed to a book or treatise. D. Stokes (1659). Sir W. Scott.
 ||Pro*lep"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, from &?; to take beforehand; &?; before + &?; to take.]

1. (Rhet.) (a) A figure by which objections are anticipated or prevented. Abp. Bramhall. (b) A necessary truth or assumption; a first or assumed principle.

2. (Chron.) An error in chronology, consisting in an event being dated before the actual time.

3. (Gram.) The application of an adjective to a noun in anticipation, or to denote the result, of the action of the verb; as, to strike one dumb.

 { Pro*lep"tic (?), Pro*lep"tic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. proleptique.]

1. Of or pertaining to prolepsis; anticipative. "A far-seeing or proleptic wisdom." De Quincey.
2. Previous; antecedent. Glanvill.
3. (Med.) Anticipating the usual time; -- applied to a periodical disease whose paroxysms return at an earlier hour at every repetition.

 Pro*lep"tic*al*ly, adv. In a proleptical manner.

 Pro*lep"tics (?), n. (Med.) The art and science of predicting in medicine. Laycock.
 ||Pro'lé'taire" (?), n. [F. See Proletary.] One of the common people; a low person; also, the common people as a class or estate in a country.

 Prol'e*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [L. proletaneus.] Having a numerous offspring. [R.]

 Prol'e*ta"ri*an (?), a. [L. proletarius. See Proletary.] Of or pertaining to the proletaries; belonging to the commonalty; hence, mean; vile; vulgar. "Every citizen, if


express slight augmentation of the positive degree, and sometimes equivalent to very; as, he is ready enough to embrace the offer.

 I know you well enough; you are Signior Antonio.

Shak.
 Thou knowest well enough... that this is no time to lend money.

Shak.
3. In a tolerable degree; -- used to express mere acceptableness or acquiescence, and implying a degree or quantity rather less than is desired; as, the song was well enough.

Enough usually follows the word it modifies.

 E*nough", n. A sufficiency; a quantity which satisfies desire, is adequate to the want, or is equal to the power or ability; as, he had enough to do take care of himself. "Enough is as good as a feast."

 And Esau said, I have enough, my brother.

Gen. xxxiii. 9.
 E*nough", interj. An exclamation denoting sufficiency, being a shortened form of it is enough.

 E*nounce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enounced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enouncing (?).] [F. énoncer, L. enuntiare; e out + nuntiare to announce, fr. nuntius messenger.
 See Nuncio, and cf. Enunciate.] 1. To announce; to declare; to state, as a proposition or argument. Sir W. Hamilton.
2. To utter; to articulate.

 The student should be able to enounce these [sounds] independently.

A. M. Bell.
 E*nounce"ment (?), n. Act of enouncing; that which is enounced.

 E*now" (?). A form of Enough. [Archaic] Shak.
 En*pa"tron (?), v. t. To act the part of a patron towards; to patronize. [Obs.] Shak.
 En*pierce" (?), v. t. [See Empierce.] To pierce. [Obs.] Shak.
 En*quere" (?), v. i. To inquire. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 En*quick"en (?), v. t. To quicken; to make alive. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
 En*quire" (?), v. i. & t. See Inquire.

 En*quir"er (?), n. See Inquirer.

 En*quir"y (?), n. See Inquiry.

 En*race" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + race lineage.] To enroot; to implant. [Obs.] Spenser.
 En*rage" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enraged (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Enraging (?).] [F. enrager to be enraged; pref. en- (L. in) + rage rage. See Rage.] To fill with rage; to provoke to frenzy or madness; to make furious.

Syn. -- To irritate; incense; inflame; exasperate; provoke; anger; madden; infuriate.

 En*rage"ment (?), n. Act of enraging or state of being enraged; excitement. [Obs.]

 En*range" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + range. Cf. Enrank, Arrange.] 1. To range in order; to put in rank; to arrange. [Obs.]
 Spenser.
2. To rove over; to range. [Obs.] Spenser.
 En*rank" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + rank.] To place in ranks or in order. [R.] Shak.
 En*rapt" (?), p. a. [Pref. en- + rapt. Cf. Enravish.]
 Thrown into ecstasy; transported; enraptured. Shak.
 En*rap"ture (?; 135), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enraptured (?; 135); p. pr. & vb. n. Enrapturing.] To transport with pleasure; to delight beyond measure; to enravish. Shenstone.
 En*rav"ish (?), v. t. To transport with delight; to enrapture; to fascinate. Spenser.
 En*rav"ish*ing*ly, adv. So as to throw into ecstasy.

 En*rav"ish*ment (?), n. The state of being enravished or enraptured; ecstasy; rapture. Glanvill.
 En*reg"is*ter (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + register: cf.
 F. enregistrer. Cf. Inregister.] To register; to enroll or record; to inregister.

 To read enregistered in every nook His goodness, which His beauty doth declare.

Spenser.
 En*rheum" (?), v. i. [Pref. en- + rheum: cf. F. s'enrhumer.]
 To contract a rheum. [Obs.] Harvey.
 En*rich" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enriched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enriching.] [F. enrichir; pref. en- (L. in) + riche rich. See Rich.] 1. To make rich with any kind of wealth; to render opulent; to increase the possessions of; as, to enrich the understanding with knowledge.

 Seeing, Lord, your great mercy Us hath enriched so openly.

Chaucer's Dream.
2. To supply with ornament; to adorn; as, to enrich a ceiling by frescoes.

3. To make rich with manure; to fertilize; -- said of the soil; as, to enrich land by irrigation.

4. To supply with knowledge; to instruct; to store; -- said of the mind. Sir W. Raleigh.
 En*rich"er (?), n. One who enriches.

 En*rich"ment (?), n. The act of making rich, or that which enriches; increase of value by improvements, embellishment, etc.; decoration; embellishment.

 En*ridge" (?), v. t. To form into ridges. Shak.
 En*ring" (?), v. t. To encircle. [R.]

 The Muses and the Graces, grouped in threes, Enringed a billowing fountain in the midst.

Tennyson.
 En*rip"en (?), v. t. To ripen. [Obs.] Donne.
 En*rive" (?), v. t. To rive; to cleave. [Obs.]

 En*robe" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + robe: cf. OF. enrober.]
 To invest or adorn with a robe; to attire.

 En*rock"ment (?), n. [Pref. en- + rock.] A mass of large stones thrown into water at random to form bases of piers, breakwaters, etc.

 En*roll" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enrolled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enrolling.] [Pref. en- + roll: cf. F. enrôler; pref. en- (L. in) + rôle roll or register. See Roll, n.] [Written also enrol.] 1.
 To insert in a roil; to register or enter in a list or catalogue or on rolls of court; hence, to record; to insert in records; to leave in writing; as, to enroll men for service; to enroll a decree or a law; also, reflexively, to enlist.

 An unwritten law of common right, so engraven in the hearts of our ancestors, and by them so constantly enjoyed and claimed, as that it needed not enrolling.

Milton.
 All the citizen capable of bearing arms enrolled themselves.

Prescott.
2. To envelop; to inwrap; to involve. [Obs.] Spenser.
 En*roll"er (?), n. One who enrolls or registers.

 En*roll"ment (?), n. [Cf


dare.

 Yet they adventured to go back. Bunyan.
 Discriminations might be adventured. J. Taylor.
 Ad*ven"ture, v. i. To try the chance; to take the risk.

 I would adventure for such merchandise. Shak.
 Ad*ven"ture*ful (&?;), a. Given to adventure.

 Ad*ven"tur*er (&?;), n. [Cf. F. aventurier.]

1. One who adventures; as, the merchant adventurers; one who seeks his fortune in new and hazardous or perilous enterprises.

2. A social pretender on the lookout for advancement.

 Ad*ven"ture*some (&?;), a. Full of risk; adventurous; venturesome. -- Ad*ven"ture*some*ness, n. Ad*ven"tur*ess (&?;), n. A female adventurer; a woman who tries to gain position by equivocal means.

 Ad*ven"tur*ous (&?;), a. [OE. aventurous, aunterous, OF. aventuros, F. aventureux, fr. aventure. See Adventure, n.] 1. Inclined to adventure; willing to incur hazard; prone to embark in hazardous enterprise; rashly daring; -- applied to persons.

 Bold deed thou hast presumed, adventurous Eve. Milton.
2. Full of hazard; attended with risk; exposing to danger; requiring courage; rash; -- applied to acts; as, an adventurous undertaking, deed, song.

Syn. -- Rash; foolhardy; presumptuous; enterprising; daring; hazardous; venturesome. See Rash.

 Ad*ven"tur*ous*ly, adv. In an adventurous manner; venturesomely; boldly; daringly.

 Ad*ven"tur*ous*ness, n. The quality or state of being adventurous; daring; venturesomeness.

 Ad"verb (&?;), n. [L. adverbium; ad + verbum word, verb: cf. F. adverbe.] (Gram.) A word used to modify the sense of a verb, participle, adjective, or other adverb, and usually placed near it; as, he writes well; paper extremely white.

 Ad*ver"bi*al (&?;), a. [L. adverbialis: cf. F. adverbial.]
 Of or pertaining to an adverb; of the nature of an adverb; as, an adverbial phrase or form.

 Ad*ver'bi*al"i*ty (&?;), n. The quality of being adverbial. Earle.
 Ad*ver"bi*al*ize (&?;), v. t. To give the force or form of an adverb to.

 Ad*ver"bi*al*ly, adv. In the manner of an adverb.

 ||Ad'ver*sa"ri*a (&?;), n. pl. [L. adversaria (sc. scripta), neut. pl. of adversarius.] A miscellaneous collection of notes, remarks, or selections; a commonplace book; also, commentaries or notes.

 These parchments are supposed to have been St. Paul's adversaria.
Bp. Bull.
 Ad'ver*sa"ri*ous (&?;), a. Hostile. [R.] Southey.
 Ad'ver*sa*ry (&?;), n.; pl. Adversaries (&?;).
 [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr.
 OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.)
 turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.

 His ancient knot of dangerous adversaries. Shak.
 Agree with thine adversary quickly. Matt. v. 25.
 It may be thought that to vindicate the permanency of truth is to dispute without an adversary. Beattie.
The Adversary, The Satan, or the Devil.

Syn. -- Adversary, Enemy, Opponent, Antagonist. Enemy is the only one of these words which necessarily implies a state of personal hostility. Men may be adversaries, antagonists, or opponents to each other in certain respects, and yet have no feelings of general animosity. An adversary may be simply one who is placed for a time in a hostile position, as in a lawsuit, an argument, in chess playing, or at fence. An opponent is one who is ranged against another (perhaps passively) on the opposing side; as a political opponent, an opponent in debate. An antagonist is one who struggles against another with active effort, either in a literal fight or in verbal debate.

 Ad"ver*sa*ry (&?;), a. 1. Opposed; opposite; adverse; antagonistic. [Archaic] Bp. King.
2. (Law) Having an opposing party; not unopposed; as, an adversary suit.

 Ad*ver"sa*tive (&?;), a. [L. adversativus, fr. adversari.]
 Expressing contrariety, opposition, or antithesis; as, an adversative conjunction (but, however, yet, etc. ); an adversative force. -- Ad*ver"sa*tive*ly, adv.
 Ad*ver"sa*tive, n. An adversative word. Harris.
 Ad"verse (&?;), a. [OE. advers, OF. avers, advers, fr. L. adversus, p. p. advertere to turn to. See Advert.]

1. Acting against, or in a contrary direction; opposed; contrary; opposite; conflicting; as, adverse winds; an adverse party; a spirit adverse to distinctions of caste.

2. Opposite. "Calpe's adverse height." Byron.
3. In hostile opposition to; unfavorable; unpropitious; contrary to one's wishes; unfortunate; calamitous; afflictive; hurtful; as, adverse fates, adverse circumstances, things adverse.

 Happy were it for us all if we bore prosperity as well and wisely as we endure an adverse fortune. Southey.
Adverse possession (Law), a possession of real property avowedly contrary to some claim of title in another person. Abbott.
Syn. -- Averse; reluctant; unwilling. See Averse.

 Ad*verse" (&?;), v. t. [L. adversari: cf. OF. averser.]
 To oppose; to resist. [Obs.] Gower.
 Ad"verse*ly (277), adv. In an adverse manner; inimically; unfortunately; contrariwise.

 Ad"verse*ness, n. The quality or state of being adverse; opposition.

 { Ad*ver'si*fo"li*ate (&?;), Ad*ver'si*fo"li*ous (&?;) } a.
 [L. adversus opposite + folium leaf.] (Bot.) Having opposite leaves, as plants which have the leaves so arranged on the stem.

 Ad*ver"sion (&?;), n. [L. adversio] A turning towards; attention. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
 Ad*ver"si*ty (&?;), n.; pl. Adversities(&?;).
 [OE. adversite, F. adversité, fr. L. adversitas.]
 1. Opposition; contrariety. [Obs.] Wyclif.
Adversity is not without comforts and hopes. Bacon.
Syn. -- Affliction; distress; misery; disaster; trouble; suffering; trial.

 Ad*vert" (&?;), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Adverted; p. pr. & vb. n. Adverting.] [L. advertere, v. t., to turn to; ad + vertere to turn: cf. F. avertir. See Advertise.]
 To turn the mind or attention; to refer; to take heed or notice; -- with to; as, he


Editorial Note: Framley Parsonage, the fourth of Anthony Trollope's Barsetshire novels, was first published serially in the Cornhill Magazine from January, 1860, through April, 1861, and in book form (three volumes) by Smith, Elder in 1861.
Both the Cornhill serial and the Smith, Elder first edition had six full-page illustrations by John Everett Millais, and those are included in this e-book.

FRAMLEY PARSONAGE by ANTHONY TROLLOPE CONTENTS I. "OMNES OMNIA BONA DICERE."
II. THE FRAMLEY SET, AND THE CHALDICOTES SET.
III. CHALDICOTES.
IV. A MATTER OF CONSCIENCE.
V. AMANTIUM IRÆ AMORIS INTEGRATIO.
VI. MR. HAROLD SMITH'S LECTURE.
VII. SUNDAY MORNING.
VIII. GATHERUM CASTLE.
IX. THE VICAR'S RETURN.
X. LUCY ROBARTS.
XI. GRISELDA GRANTLY.
XII. THE LITTLE BILL.
XIII. DELICATE HINTS.
XIV. MR. CRAWLEY OF HOGGLESTOCK.
XV. LADY LUFTON'S AMBASSADOR.
XVI. MRS. PODGENS' BABY.
XVII. MRS. PROUDIE'S CONVERSAZIONE.
XVIII. THE NEW MINISTER'S PATRONAGE.
XIX. MONEY DEALINGS.
XX. HAROLD SMITH IN THE CABINET.
XXI. WHY PUCK, THE PONY, WAS BEATEN.
XXII. HOGGLESTOCK PARSONAGE.
XXIII. THE TRIUMPH OF THE GIANTS.
XXIV. MAGNA EST VERITAS.
XXV. NON-IMPULSIVE.
XXVI. IMPULSIVE.
XXVII. SOUTH AUDLEY STREET.
XXVIII. DR. THORNE.
XXIX. MISS DUNSTABLE AT HOME.
XXX. THE GRANTLY TRIUMPH.
XXXI. SALMON FISHING IN NORWAY.
XXXII. THE GOAT AND COMPASSES.
XXXIII. CONSOLATION.
XXXIV. LADY LUFTON IS TAKEN BY SURPRISE.
XXXV. THE STORY OF KING COPHETUA.
XXXVI. KIDNAPPING AT HOGGLESTOCK.
XXXVII. MR. SOWERBY WITHOUT COMPANY.
XXXVIII. IS THERE CAUSE OR JUST IMPEDIMENT?
XXXIX. HOW TO WRITE A LOVE LETTER.
XL. INTERNECINE.
XLI. DON QUIXOTE.
XLII. TOUCHING PITCH.
XLIII. IS SHE NOT INSIGNIFICANT?
XLIV. THE PHILISTINES AT THE PARSONAGE.
XLV. PALACE BLESSINGS.
XLVI. LADY LUFTON'S REQUEST.
XLVII. NEMESIS.
XLVIII. HOW THEY WERE ALL MARRIED, HAD TWOCHILDREN, AND LIVED HAPPY EVER AFTER.

ILLUSTRATIONS LORD LUFTON AND LUCY ROBARTS. CHAPTER XI.
"WAS IT NOT A LIE?" CHAPTER XVI.
THE CRAWLEY FAMILY. CHAPTER XXII.
LADY LUFTON AND THE DUKE OF OMNIUM. CHAPTER XXIX.
MRS. GRESHAM AND MISS DUNSTABLE. CHAPTER XXXVIII.
"MARK," SHE SAID, "THE MEN ARE HERE." CHAPTER XLIV.

CHAPTER I.
"OMNES OMNIA BONA DICERE."
When young Mark Robarts was leaving college, his father might well declare that all men began to say all good things to him, and to extol his fortune in that he had a son blessed with so excellent a disposition.
This father was a physician living at Exeter. He was a gentleman possessed of no private means, but enjoying a lucrative practice, which had enabled him to maintain and educate a family with all the advantages which money can give in this country. Mark was his eldest son and second child; and the first page or two of this narrative must be consumed in giving a catalogue of the good things which chance and conduct together had heaped upon this young man's head.
His first step forward in life had arisen from his having been sent, while still very young, as a private pupil to the house of a clergyman, who was an old friend and intimate friend of his father's.
This clergyman had one other, and only one other, pupil—the young Lord Lufton; and between the two boys, there had sprung up a close alliance.
While they were both so placed, Lady Lufton had visited her son, and then invited young Robarts to pass his next holidays at Framley Court. This visit was made; and it ended in Mark going back to Exeter with a letter full of praise from the widowed peeress. She had been delighted, she said, in having such a companion for her son, and expressed a hope that the boys might remain together during the course of their education. Dr. Robarts was a man who thought much of the breath of peers and peeresses, and was by no means inclined to throw away any advantage which might arise to his child from such a friendship. When, therefore, the young lord was sent to Harrow, Mark Robarts went there also.
That the lord and his friend often quarrelled, and occasionally fought,—the fact even that for one period of three months they never spoke to each other—by no means interfered with the doctor's hopes.
Mark again and again stayed a fortnight at Framley Court, and Lady Lufton always wrote about him in the highest terms.
And then the lads went together to Oxford, and here Mark's good fortune followed him, consisting rather in the highly respectable manner in which he lived, than in any wonderful career of collegiate success. His family was proud of him, and the doctor was always ready to talk of him to his patients; not because he was a prizeman, and had gotten medals and scholarships, but on account of the excellence of his general conduct. He lived with the best set—he incurred no debts—he was fond of society, but able to avoid low society—liked his glass of wine, but was never known to be drunk; and, above all things, was one of the most popular men in the university.
Then came the question of a profession for this young Hyperion, and on this subject, Dr. Robarts was invited himself to go over to Framley Court to discuss the matter with Lady Lufton. Dr. Robarts returned with a very strong conception that the Church was the profession best suited to his son.
Lady Lufton had not sent for Dr. Robarts all the way from Exeter for nothing. The living of Framley was in the gift of the Lufton family, and the next presentation would be in Lady Lufton's hands, if it should fall vacant before the young lord was twenty-five years of age, and in the young lord's hands if it should fall afterwards. But the mother and the heir consented to give a joint promise to Dr.
Robarts. Now, as the present incumbent was over seventy, and as the living was worth £900 a year, there could be no doubt as to the eligibility of the clerical profession.
And I must further say, that the dowager and the doctor were justified in their choice by the life and principles of the young man—as far as any father can be justified in choosing such a profession for his son, and as far as any lay impropriator can be justified in making such a promise. Had Lady Lufton had a second son, that second son would probably have had the living, and no one would have thought it wrong;—certainly not if that second son had been such a one as Mark Robarts.
Lady Lufton herself was a woman who thought much on religious matters, and would by no means have been disposed to place any one in a living, merely because such a one had been her son's friend. Her tendencies were High Church, and she was enabled to perceive that those of young Mark Robarts ran in the same direction. She was very desirous that her son should make an associate of his clergyman, and by this step she would insure, at any rate, that.


. (Metal Working) A ragged edge.

6. A sail, or any piece of canvas. [Nautical Slang] Our ship was a clipper with every rag set.

Lowell.
Rag bolt, an iron pin with barbs on its shank to retain it in place. -- Rag carpet, a carpet of which the weft consists of narrow strips of cloth sewed together, end to end. -- Rag dust, fine particles of ground-up rags, used in making papier-maché and wall papers. -- Rag wheel. (a) A chain wheel; a sprocket wheel.
 (b) A polishing wheel made of disks of cloth clamped together on a mandrel. -- Rag wool, wool obtained by tearing woolen rags into fine bits; shoddy.

 Rag (rg), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ragged (rgd); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Ragging (-gng).] To become tattered. [Obs.]

 Rag, v. t. 1. To break (ore) into lumps for sorting.

2. To cut or dress roughly, as a grindstone.

 { Rag"a*bash' (-*bsh'), Rag"a*brash' (-brsh'), } n. An idle, ragged person. Nares. Grose.
 Rag'a*muf"fin (-mf"fn), n. [Cf. Ragamofin, the name of a demon in some of the old mysteries.] 1. A paltry or disreputable fellow; a mean wretch. Dryden.
2. A person who wears ragged clothing. [Colloq.]

3. (Zoöl.) The long-tailed titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

 Rage (rj), n. [F., fr. L. rabies, fr. rabere to rave; cf. Skr. rabh to seize, rabhas violence. Cf. Rabid, Rabies, Rave.] 1. Violent excitement; eager passion; extreme vehemence of desire, emotion, or suffering, mastering the will. "In great rage of pain." Bacon.
 He appeased the rage of hunger with some scraps of broken meat.

Macaulay.
 Convulsed with a rage of grief.

Hawthorne.
2. Especially, anger accompanied with raving; overmastering wrath; violent anger; fury.

 Torment, and loud lament, and furious rage.

Milton.
3. A violent or raging wind. [Obs.] Chaucer.
4. The subject of eager desire; that which is sought after, or prosecuted, with unreasonable or excessive passion; as, to be all the rage.

Syn. -- Anger; vehemence; excitement; passion; fury. See Anger.

 Rage, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Raged (rjd); p. pr. & vb. n. Raging (r"jng).] [OF. ragier. See Rage, n.]

1. To be furious with anger; to be exasperated to fury; to be violently agitated with passion. "Whereat he inly raged." Milton.
 When one so great begins to rage, he is hunted Even to falling.

Shak.
2. To be violent and tumultuous; to be violently driven or agitated; to act or move furiously; as, the raging sea or winds.

 Why do the heathen rage?

Ps. ii. 1.
 The madding wheels Of brazen chariots raged; dire was the noise.

Milton.
3. To ravage; to prevail without restraint, or with destruction or fatal effect; as, the plague raged in Cairo.

4. To toy or act wantonly; to sport. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Syn. -- To storm; fret; chafe; fume.

 Rage, v. t. To enrage. [Obs.] Shak.
 Rage"ful (-fl), a. Full of rage; expressing rage. [Obs.] "Rageful eyes." Sir P. Sidney.
 Ra"ger*y (r"jr*), n. Wantonness. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Rag"ged (rg"gd), a. [From Rag, n.] 1. Rent or worn into tatters, or till the texture is broken; as, a ragged coat; a ragged sail.

2. Broken with rough edges; having jags; uneven; rough; jagged; as, ragged rocks.

3. Hence, harsh and disagreeable to the ear; dissonant. [R.] "A ragged noise of mirth." Herbert.
4. Wearing tattered clothes; as, a ragged fellow.

5. Rough; shaggy; rugged.

 What shepherd owns those ragged sheep?

Dryden.
Ragged lady (Bot.), the fennel flower (Nigella Damascena).
 -- Ragged robin (Bot.), a plant of the genus Lychnis (L. Floscuculi), cultivated for its handsome flowers, which have the petals cut into narrow lobes. -- Ragged sailor (Bot.), prince's feather (Polygonum orientale). -- Ragged school, a free school for poor children, where they are taught and in part fed; -- a name given at first because they came in their common clothing. [Eng.]

 -- Rag"ged*ly, adv. -- Rag"ged*ness, n.
 { Rag"gie (rg"g), or Rag"gy }, a. Ragged; rough. [Obs.] "A stony and raggie hill." Holland.
 ||Ragh'u*van"sa (rg'*vn"s), n. [Skr. Raguvaça.] A celebrated Sanskrit poem having for its subject the Raghu dynasty.

 Ra"ging (r"jng), a. & n. from Rage, v. i. -- Ra"ging*ly, adv.
 Ra"gious (r"js), a. Raging; furious; rageful. [Obs.] -- Ra"gious*ness, n. [Obs.]

 Rag"lan (rg"lan), n. A loose overcoat with large sleeves; -- named from Lord Raglan, an English general.

 Rag"man (-man), n.; pl. Ragmen (-men).
 A man who collects, or deals in, rags.

 Rag"man, n. [See Ragman's roll.] A document having many names or numerous seals, as a papal bull. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
 Rag"man's roll' (-manz rl'). [For ragman roll a long list of names, the devil's roll or list; where ragman is of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. ragmenni a craven person, Sw. raggen the devil.
 Icel. ragmenni is fr. ragr cowardly (another form of argr, akin to AS. earg cowardly, vile, G. arg bad) + menni (in comp.) man, akin to E. man. See Roll, and cf. Rigmarole.] The rolls of deeds on parchment in which the Scottish nobility and gentry subscribed allegiance to Edward I. of England, A. D. 1296. [Also written ragmanroll.]

 Ra*gout" (r*g"), n. [F. ragoût, fr. ragoûter to restore one's appetite, fr. L. pref. rere- + ad to + gustare to taste, gustus taste. See Gust relish.] A dish made of pieces of meat, stewed, and highly seasoned; as, a ragout of mutton.

 Rag"pick'er (rg"pk'r), n. One who gets a living by picking up rags and refuse things in the streets.

 { Ra*guled" (r*gld"), Rag*guled" (rg-), } a. [Cf. F. raguer to chafe, fret, rub, or E. rag.] (Her.) Notched in regular diagonal breaks; -- said of a line,


either of such matters alone would be a sufficient bar to the action. Stephen. -- Double point (Geom.), a point of a curve at which two branches cross each other. Conjugate or isolated points of a curve are called double points, since they possess most of the properties of double points (see Conjugate).
 They are also called acnodes, and those points where the branches of the curve really cross are called crunodes. The extremity of a cusp is also a double point. -- Double quarrel. (Eccl.
 Law) See Duplex querela, under Duplex. -- Double refraction.
 (Opt.) See Refraction. -- Double salt. (Chem.) (a) A mixed salt of any polybasic acid which has been saturated by different bases or basic radicals, as the double carbonate of sodium and potassium, NaKCO3.6H2O. (b) A molecular combination of two distinct salts, as common alum, which consists of the sulphate of aluminium, and the sulphate of potassium or ammonium. -- Double shuffle, a low, noisy dance. -- Double standard (Polit.
 Econ.), a double standard of monetary values; i. e., a gold standard and a silver standard, both of which are made legal tender. -- Double star (Astron.), two stars so near to each other as to be seen separate only by means of a telescope. Such stars may be only optically near to each other, or may be physically connected so that they revolve round their common center of gravity, and in the latter case are called also binary stars. -- Double time (Mil.). Same as Double-quick. -- Double window, a window having two sets of glazed sashes with an air space between them.

 Dou"ble (?), adv. Twice; doubly.

 I was double their age.

Swift.
 Dou"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Doubled (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Doubling (?).] [OE. doblen, dublen, doublen, F. doubler, fr. L. duplare, fr. duplus. See Double, a.] 1. To increase by adding an equal number, quantity, length, value, or the like; multiply by two; as, to double a sum of money; to double a number, or length.

Double six thousand, and then treble that.

Shak.
2. To make of two thicknesses or folds by turning or bending together in the middle; to fold one part upon another part of; as, to double the leaf of a book, and the like; to clinch, as the fist; -- often followed by up; as, to double up a sheet of paper or cloth.
 Prior.
 Then the old man Was wroth, and doubled up his hands.

Tennyson.
3. To be the double of; to exceed by twofold; to contain or be worth twice as much as.

 Thus reënforced, against the adverse fleet, Still doubling ours, brave Rupert leads the way.

Dryden.
4. To pass around or by; to march or sail round, so as to reverse the direction of motion.

 Sailing along the coast, the doubled the promontory of Carthage.

Knolles.
5. (Mil.) To unite, as ranks or files, so as to form one from each two.

 Dou"ble, v. i. 1. To be increased to twice the sum, number, quantity, length, or value; to increase or grow to twice as much.

 'T is observed in particular nations, that within the space of three hundred years, notwithstanding all casualties, the number of men doubles.

T. Burnet.
2. To return upon one's track; to turn and go back over the same ground, or in an opposite direction.

Doubling and turning like a hunted hare.

Dryden.
Doubling and doubling with laborious walk.

Wordsworth.
3. To play tricks; to use sleights; to play false.

 What penalty and danger you accrue, If you be found to double.

J. Webster.
4. (Print.) To set up a word or words a second time by mistake; to make a doublet.

To double upon (Mil.), to inclose between two fires.

 Dou"ble, n. 1. Twice as much; twice the number, sum, quantity, length, value, and the like.

 If the thief be found, let him pay double.

Ex. xxii. 7.
2. Among compositors, a doublet (see Doublet, 2.); among pressmen, a sheet that is twice pulled, and blurred.

3. That which is doubled over or together; a doubling; a plait; a fold.

 Rolled up in sevenfold double Of plagues.

Marston.
4. A turn or circuit in running to escape pursues; hence, a trick; a shift; an artifice.

 These men are too well acquainted with the chase to be flung off by any false steps or doubles.

Addison.
5. Something precisely equal or counterpart to another; a counterpart. Hence, a wraith.

 My charming friend... has, I am almost sure, a double, who preaches his afternoon sermons for him.

Atlantic Monthly.
6. A player or singer who prepares to take the part of another player in his absence; a substitute.

7. Double beer; strong beer.

8. (Eccl.) A feast in which the antiphon is doubled, hat is, said twice, before and after the Psalms, instead of only half being said, as in simple feasts. Shipley.
9. (Lawn Tennis) A game between two pairs of players; as, a first prize for doubles.

10. (Mus.) An old term for a variation, as in Bach's Suites.

 Dou"ble-act'ing (?), a. Acting or operating in two directions or with both motions; producing a twofold result; as, a double-acting engine or pump.

 Dou"ble-bank" (?), v. t. (Naut.) To row by rowers sitting side by side in twos on a bank or thwart.

To double-bank an oar, to set two men to pulling one oar.

 Dou"ble-banked' (?), a. Applied to a kind of rowing in which the rowers sit side by side in twos, a pair of oars being worked from each bank or thwart.

 { Dou"ble-bar'reled (?), or -bar'relled }, a. Having two barrels; -- applied to a gun.

 Dou"ble-beat' valve" (?). See under Valve.

 Dou"ble-breast'ed (?), a. Folding or lapping over on the breast, with a row of buttons and buttonholes on each side; as, a double-breasted coat.

 Dou"ble-charge' (?), v. t. 1. To load with a double charge, as of gunpowder.

2. To overcharge. Shak.
 Dou"ble deal"er (?). One who practices double dealing; a deceitful, trickish person. L'Estrange.
 Dou"ble deal"ing (?). False or deceitful dealing. See Double dealing, under Dealing. Shak.
 Dou"ble-deck"er (?), n. 1. (Naut.) A man-of-war having two gun decks.

2. A public conveyance, as a street car, with seats on the roof.
 [Colloq.]

 Dou"ble-dye' (?), v. t. To dye again or twice over.

 To double-dye their robes in scarlet.

J. Webster.
 Dou"ble-dyed' (?), a. Dyed twice; thoroughly or intensely colored; hence; firmly fixed in opinions or habits; as, a double-dyed villain.

 Dou"ble-end"er (?), n. (a) (


rubbing; usually, to rub with a wet brush, or with something coarse or rough, for the purpose of cleaning or brightening; as, to scrub a floor, a doorplate.

 Scrub, v. i. To rub anything hard, especially with a wet brush; to scour; hence, to be diligent and penurious; as, to scrub hard for a living.

 Scrub, n. 1. One who labors hard and lives meanly; a mean fellow. "A sorry scrub." Bunyan.
 We should go there in as proper a manner as possible; nor altogether like the scrubs about us.

Goldsmith.
2. Something small and mean.

3. A worn-out brush. Ainsworth.
4. A thicket or jungle, often specified by the name of the prevailing plant; as, oak scrub, palmetto scrub, etc.

5. (Stock Breeding) One of the common live stock of a region of no particular breed or not of pure breed, esp. when inferior in size, etc. [U.S.]

Scrub bird (Zoöl.), an Australian passerine bird of the family Atrichornithidæ, as Atrichia clamosa; -- called also brush bird. -- Scrub oak (Bot.), the popular name of several dwarfish species of oak. The scrub oak of New England and the Middle States is Quercus ilicifolia, a scraggy shrub; that of the Southern States is a small tree (Q. Catesbæi); that of the Rocky Mountain region is Q. undulata, var. Gambelii. -- Scrub robin (Zoöl.), an Australian singing bird of the genus Drymodes.

 Scrub, a. Mean; dirty; contemptible; scrubby.

 How solitary, how scrub, does this town look!

Walpole.
 No little scrub joint shall come on my board.

Swift.
Scrub game, a game, as of ball, by unpracticed players. -- Scrub race, a race between scrubs, or between untrained animals or contestants.

 Scrub"bed (?), a. Dwarfed or stunted; scrubby.

 Scrub"ber (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, scrubs; esp., a brush used in scrubbing.

2. (Gas Manuf.) A gas washer. See under Gas.

 Scrub"board' (?), n. A baseboard; a mopboard.

 Scrub"by (?), a. [Compar. Scrubbier (?); superl.
 Scrubbiest.] Of the nature of scrub; small and mean; stunted in growth; as, a scrubby cur. "Dense, scrubby woods." Duke of Argyll.
 Scrub"stone' (?), n. A species of calciferous sandstone. [Prov.
 Eng.]

 Scruff (?), n. [See Scurf.] Scurf. [Obs.]

 Scruff, n. [Cf. Scuff.] The nape of the neck; the loose outside skin, as of the back of the neck.

 Scrum"mage (?; 43), n. See Scrimmage.

 Scrump"tious (?), a. Nice; particular; fastidious; excellent; fine.
 [Slang] Scrunch (?), v. t. & v. i. [Cf. Scranch, Crunch.] To scranch; to crunch. Dickens.
 Scru"ple (?), n. [L. scrupulus a small sharp or pointed stone, the twenty-fourth part of an ounce, a scruple, uneasiness, doubt, dim. of scrupus a rough or sharp stone, anxiety, uneasiness; perh.
 akin to Gr. &?; the chippings of stone, &?; a razor, Skr. kshura: cf. F. scrupule.] 1. A weight of twenty grains; the third part of a dram.

2. Hence, a very small quantity; a particle.

 I will not bate thee a scruple.

Shak.
3. Hesitation as to action from the difficulty of determining what is right or expedient; unwillingness, doubt, or hesitation proceeding from motives of conscience.

 He was made miserable by the conflict between his tastes and his scruples.

Macaulay.
To make scruple, to hesitate from conscientious motives; to scruple. Locke.
 Scru"ple, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Scrupled (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Scrupling (?).] To be reluctant or to hesitate, as regards an action, on account of considerations of conscience or expedience.

 We are often over-precise, scrupling to say or do those things which lawfully we may.

Fuller.
 Men scruple at the lawfulness of a set form of divine worship.

South.
 Scru"ple, v. t. 1. To regard with suspicion; to hesitate at; to question.

 Others long before them... scrupled more the books of heretics than of gentiles.

Milton.
2. To excite scruples in; to cause to scruple. [R.]

 Letters which did still scruple many of them.

E. Symmons.
 Scru"pler (?), n. One who scruples.

 Scru"pu*list (?), n. A scrupler. [Obs.]

 Scru"pu*lize (?), v. t. To perplex with scruples; to regard with scruples. [Obs.] Bp. Montagu.
 Scru'pu*los"i*ty (skr'p*ls"*t), n. [L. scrupulositas.] The quality or state of being scrupulous; doubt; doubtfulness respecting decision or action; caution or tenderness from the fear of doing wrong or offending; nice regard to exactness and propriety; precision.

 The first sacrilege is looked on with horror; but when they have made the breach, their scrupulosity soon retires.

Dr. H. More.
 Careful, even to scrupulosity,... to keep their Sabbath.

South.
 Scru"pu*lous (?), a. [L. scrupulosus: cf. F. scrupuleux.]
 1. Full of scruples; inclined to scruple; nicely doubtful; hesitating to determine or to act, from a fear of offending or of doing wrong.

 Abusing their liberty, to the offense of their weak brethren which were scrupulous.

Hooker.
2. Careful; cautious; exact; nice; as, scrupulous abstinence from labor; scrupulous performance of duties.

3. Given to making objections; captious. [Obs.]

 Equality of two domestic powers Breed scrupulous faction.

Shak.
4. Liable to be doubted; doubtful; nice. [Obs.]

 The justice of that cause ought to be evident; not obscure, not scrupulous.

Bacon.
Syn. -- Cautious; careful; conscientious; hesitating.

 -- Scru"pu*lous*ly, adv. -- Scru"pu*lous*ness, n. Scru"ta*ble (?), a. Discoverable by scrutiny, inquiry, or critical examination. [R.] Dr. H. More.
 Scru*ta"tion (?), n. [L. scrutatio.] Search; scrutiny. [Obs.]

 ||Scru*ta"tor (?), n. [L.] One who scrutinizes; a close examiner or inquirer. Ayliffe.
 Scru'ti*neer (?), n. A scrutinizer; specifically, an examiner of votes, as at an election.

 Scru"ti*nize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Scrutinized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Scrutinizing (?).] [From Scrutiny.] To examine closely; to inspect or observe with critical attention; to regard narrowly; as, to scrutinize the measures of administration; to scrutinize the conduct or motives of individuals.

 Whose votes they were obliged to scrutinize.

Ayliffe.
 Those