[Cf. Accessory and LL. accessarius.] (Law) One who, not being present, contributes as an assistant or instigator to the commission of an offense.

Accessary before the fact (Law), one who commands or counsels an offense, not being present at its commission. -- Accessary after the fact, one who, after an offense, assists or shelters the offender, not being present at the commission of the offense.

 This word, as used in law, is spelt accessory by Blackstone and many others; but in this sense is spelt accessary by Bouvier, Burrill, Burns, Whishaw, Dane, and the Penny Cyclopedia; while in other senses it is spelt accessory. In recent text-books on criminal law the distinction is not preserved, the spelling being either accessary or accessory.

 Ac*cess'i*bil"i*ty (&?;), n. [L. accessibilitas: cf. F.
 accessibilité.] The quality of being accessible, or of admitting approach; receptibility. Langhorne.
 Ac*cess"i*ble (&?;), a. [L. accessibilis, fr. accedere: cf. F. accessible. See Accede.] 1. Easy of access or approach; approachable; as, an accessible town or mountain, an accessible person.

2. Open to the influence of; -- with to. "Minds accessible to reason." Macaulay.
3. Obtainable; to be got at.

 The best information... at present accessible. Macaulay.
 Ac*cess"i*bly (&?;), adv. In an accessible manner.

 Ac*ces"sion (&?;), n. [L. accessio, fr. accedere: cf. F. accession. See Accede.] 1. A coming to; the act of acceding and becoming joined; as, a king's accession to a confederacy.

2. Increase by something added; that which is added; augmentation from without; as, an accession of wealth or territory.

 The only accession which the Roman empire received was the province of Britain. Gibbon.
3. (Law) (a) A mode of acquiring property, by which the owner of a corporeal substance which receives an addition by growth, or by labor, has a right to the part or thing added, or the improvement (provided the thing is not changed into a different species). Thus, the owner of a cow becomes the owner of her calf. (b) The act by which one power becomes party to engagements already in force between other powers. Kent.
4. The act of coming to or reaching a throne, an office, or dignity; as, the accession of the house of Stuart; -- applied especially to the epoch of a new dynasty.

5. (Med.) The invasion, approach, or commencement of a disease; a fit or paroxysm.

Syn. -- Increase; addition; augmentation; enlargement.

 Ac*ces"sion*al (&?;), a. Pertaining to accession; additional.
 [R.] Sir T. Browne.
 Ac*ces"sive (&?;), a. Additional.

 Ac'ces*so"ri*al (&?;), a. Of or pertaining to an accessory; as, accessorial agency, accessorial guilt.

 Ac*ces"so*ri*ly (&?;), adv. In the manner of an accessory; auxiliary.

 Ac*ces"so*ri*ness, n. The state of being accessory, or connected subordinately.

 Ac*ces"so*ry (#; 277), a. [L. accessorius. See Access, and cf. Accessary.] Accompanying as a subordinate; aiding in a secondary way; additional; connected as an incident or subordinate to a principal; contributing or contributory; said of persons and things, and, when of persons, usually in a bad sense; as, he was accessory to the riot; accessory sounds in music.

 Ash accents the antepenult; and this is not only more regular, but preferable, on account of easiness of pronunciation. Most orhoëpists place the accent on the first syllable.

Syn. -- Accompanying; contributory; auxiliary; subsidiary; subservient; additional; acceding.

 Ac*ces"so*ry, n.; pl. Accessories (&?;). 1.
 That which belongs to something else deemed the principal; something additional and subordinate. "The aspect and accessories of a den of banditti." Carlyle.
2. (Law) Same as Accessary, n.
3. (Fine Arts) Anything that enters into a work of art without being indispensably necessary, as mere ornamental parts. Elmes.
Syn. -- Abettor; accomplice; ally; coadjutor. See Abettor.

 ||Ac*ciac'ca*tu"ra (&?;), n. [It., from acciaccare to crush.] (Mus.) A short grace note, one semitone below the note to which it is prefixed; -- used especially in organ music. Now used as equivalent to the short appoggiatura.

 Ac"ci*dence (&?;), n. [A corruption of Eng. accidents, pl. of accident. See Accident, 2.] 1. The accidents, of inflections of words; the rudiments of grammar. Milton.
2. The rudiments of any subject. Lowell.
 Ac"ci*dent (&?;), n. [F. accident, fr. L. accidens, -dentis, p. pr. of accidere to happen; ad + cadere to fall. See Cadence, Case.] 1. Literally, a befalling; an event that takes place without one's foresight or expectation; an undesigned, sudden, and unexpected event; chance; contingency; often, an undesigned and unforeseen occurrence of an afflictive or unfortunate character; a casualty; a mishap; as, to die by an accident.

 Of moving accidents by flood and field. Shak.
 Thou cam'st not to thy place by accident: It is the very place God meant for thee. Trench.
2. (Gram.) A property attached to a word, but not essential to it, as gender, number, case.

3. (Her.) A point or mark which may be retained or omitted in a coat of arms.

4. (Log.) (a) A property or quality of a thing which is not essential to it, as whiteness in paper; an attribute. (b) A quality or attribute in distinction from the substance, as sweetness, softness.

5. Any accidental property, fact, or relation; an accidental or nonessential; as, beauty is an accident.

 This accident, as I call it, of Athens being situated some miles from the sea. J. P. Mahaffy.
6. Unusual appearance or effect. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Accident, in Law, is equivalent to casus, or such unforeseen, extraordinary, extraneous interference as is out of the range of ordinary calculation.

 Ac'ci*den"tal (&?;), a. [Cf. F. accidentel, earlier accidental.]
 1. Happening by chance, or unexpectedly; taking place not according to the usual course of things; casual; fortuitous; as, an accidental visit.

2. Nonessential; not necessary belonging; incidental; as, are accidental to a play.

Accidental chords (Mus.), those which contain one or more tones foreign to their proper harmony. -- Accidental colors (Opt.), colors depending on the hypersensibility of the retina of the eye for complementary colors. They are purely subjective sensations of color which often result from the contemplation of actually colored bodies. -- Accidental point (Persp.), the point in which a right line, drawn from the eye, parallel to a given right line, cuts the perspective plane; so called to distinguish it from the principal point, or point of view, where a line drawn from the eye perpendicular to the perspective plane meets this


Coercitive power in laws."
 Jer. Taylor.
 Co*er"cive (?), a. Serving or intended to coerce; having power to constrain.

 -- Co*er"cive*ly, adv. -- Co*er"cive*ness, n. Coercive power can only influence us to outward practice. Bp.
 Warburton.
Coercive or Coercitive force (Magnetism), the power or force which in iron or steel produces a slowness or difficulty in imparting magnetism to it, and also interposes an obstacle to the return of a bar to its natural state when active magnetism has ceased. It plainly depends on the molecular constitution of the metal. Nichol.
 The power of resisting magnetization or demagnization is sometimes called coercive force. S. Thompson.
 Cœ'ru*lig"none (?), n. [L. coeruleus cerulean + lignum wood + E. quinone.] (Chem.) A bluish violet, crystalline substance obtained in the purification of crude wood vinegar. It is regarded as a complex quinone derivative of diphenyl; -- called also cedriret.

 Co'es*sen"tial (?), a. Partaking of the same essence. -- Co'es*sen"tial*ly, adv.
 We bless and magnify that coessential Spirit, eternally proceeding from both [The Father and the Son]. Hooker.
 Co'es*sen'ti*al"i*ty (? or?; 106), n. Participation of the same essence. Johnson.
 Co'es*tab"lish*ment (?), n. Joint establishment. Bp. Watson.
 Co'es*tate" (?), n. Joint estate. Smolett.
 Co'e*ta"ne*an (?), n. A person coetaneous with another; a contemporary. [R.]

 A... coetanean of the late earl of Southampton. Aubrey.
 Co'e*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [L. coaetaneus; co- + aetas age.] Of the same age; beginning to exist at the same time; contemporaneous.

 -- Co'e*ta"ne*ous*ly, adv.
 And all [members of the body] are coetaneous. Bentley.
 Co'e*ter"nal (?), a. Equally eternal. -- Co'e*ter"nal*ly, adv.
 Hail, holy Light, offspring of Heaven first born! Or of the Eternal coeternal beam. Milton.
 Co'e*ter"ni*ty (?), n. Existence from eternity equally with another eternal being; equal eternity.

 Co*e"val (?), a. [L. coaevus; co- + aevum lifetime, age. See Age, n.] Of the same age; existing during the same period of time, especially time long and remote; -- usually followed by with.

 Silence! coeval with eternity! Pope.
 Oaks coeval spread a mournful shade. Cowper.
 Co*e"val, n. One of the same age; a contemporary.

 As if it were not enough to have outdone all your coevals in wit.
Pope.
 Co*e"vous (?), a. Coeval [Obs.] South.
 Co'ex*ec"u*tor (?), n. A joint executor.

 Co'ex*ec"u*trix (?), n. A joint executrix.

 Co'ex*ist (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Coexisted; p. pr.
 & vb. n. Coexisting.] To exist at the same time; -- sometimes followed by with.

 Of substances no one has any clear idea, farther than of certain simple ideas coexisting together. Locke.
 So much purity and integrity... coexisting with so much decay and so many infirmities. Warburton.
 Co'ex*ist"ence (?), n. Existence at the same time with another; -- contemporary existence.

 Without the help, or so much as the coexistence, of any condition. Jer. Taylor.
 Co'ex*ist"ent (?), a. Existing at the same time with another. -- n. That which coexists with another.

 The law of coexistent vibrations. Whewell.
 Co'ex*ist"ing, a. Coexistent. Locke.
 Co'ex*tend, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coextended; p. pr.
 & vb. n. Coextending.] To extend through the same space or time with another; to extend to the same degree.

 According to which the least body may be coextended with the greatest. Boyle.
 Has your English language one single word that is coextended through all these significations? Bentley.
 Co'ex*ten"sion (k'ks*tn"shn), n. The act of extending equally, or the state of being equally extended.

 Co'ex*ten"sive (?), a. Equally extensive; having equal extent; as, consciousness and knowledge are coextensive. Sir W. Hamilton.
 -- Co'ex*ten"sive*ly, adv. -- Co'ex*ten"sive*ness, n. Cof"fee (?; 115), n. [Turk. qahveh, Ar. qahuah wine, coffee, a decoction of berries. Cf. Café.] 1. The "beans" or "berries" (pyrenes) obtained from the drupes of a small evergreen tree of the genus Coffea, growing in Abyssinia, Arabia, Persia, and other warm regions of Asia and Africa, and also in tropical America.

2. The coffee tree.

 There are several species of the coffee tree, as, Coffea Arabica, C. occidentalis, and C. Liberica. The white, fragrant flowers grow in clusters at the root of the leaves, and the fruit is a red or purple cherrylike drupe, with sweet pulp, usually containing two pyrenes, commercially called "beans" or "berries".

3. The beverage made from the roasted and ground berry.

 They have in Turkey a drink called coffee.... This drink comforteth the brain and heart, and helpeth digestion. Bacon.
 The use of coffee is said to have been introduced into England about 1650, when coffeehouses were opened in Oxford and London.

Coffee bug (Zoöl.), a species of scale insect (Lecanium coffæa), often very injurious to the coffee tree. -- Coffee rat (Zoöl.) See Musang.

 Cof"fee*house' (?), n. A house of entertainment, where guests are supplied with coffee and other refreshments, and where men meet for conversation.

 The coffeehouse must not be dismissed with a cursory mention. It might indeed, at that time, have been not improperly called a most important political institution.... The coffeehouses were the chief organs through which the public opinion of the metropolis vented itself.... Every man of the upper or middle class went daily to his coffeehouse to learn the news and discuss it. Every coffeehouse had one or more orators, to whose eloquence the crowd listened with admiration, and who soon became what the journalists of our own time have been called -- a fourth estate of the realm. Macaulay.
 Cof"fee*man (?), n. One who keeps a coffeehouse. Addison.
 Cof"fee*pot (?), n. A covered pot in which coffee is prepared, or is brought upon the table for drinking.

 Cof"fee*room' (?), n. A public room where coffee and other refreshments may be obtained.

 Cof"fer (?; 115), n. [OF. cofre, F. coffre, L. cophinus basket, fr. Gr. &?;. Cf. Coffin, n.] 1. A casket, chest, or trunk; especially, one used


Kartoffel". In France the shape of the tubers suggested the name of earth-apple (pomme de terre), a name also adopted in Dutch (aard-appel), while dialectically in German a form "Grumbire" appears, which is a corruption of "Grund-birne", "ground pear". (Kluge "Etymologisches Worterbuch der deutschen Sprache" (Strassburg), s.v.
 "Kartoffel".) Here half the languages have adopted the original American word for an allied plant, while others have adopted a name originating in some more or less fanciful resemblance discovered in the tubers; the Germans alone in Western Europe, failing to see any meaning in their borrowed name, have modified it almost beyond recognition. To this English supplies an exact parallel in "parsnep" which, though representing the Latin "pastinaca" through the Old French "pastenaque", was first assimilated in the last syllable to the "nep" of "turnep" ("pasneppe" in Elizabethan English), and later had an "r" introduced into the first syllable, apparently on the analogy of "parsley".

 The turkey on the other hand seems never to be found with its original American name. In England, as the name implies, the turkey cock was regarded as having come from the land of the Turks. The bird no doubt spread over Europe from the Italian seaports. The mistake, therefore, was not unnatural, seeing that these towns conducted a great trade with the Levant, while the fact that America when first discovered was identified with India helped to increase the confusion. Thus in French the "coq d'Inde" was abbreviated to "d'Inde" much as "turkey cock" was to "turkey"; the next stage was to identify "dinde" as a feminine word and create a new "dindon" on the analogy of "chapon" as the masculine. In Italian the name "gallo d'India" besides survives, while in German the name "Truthahn" seems to be derived onomatopoetically from the bird's cry, though a dialectic "Calecutischer Hahn" specifies erroneously an origin for the bird from the Indian Calicut. In the Spanish "pavo", on the other hand, there is a curious confusion with the peacock. Thus in these names for objects of common knowledge, the introduction of which into Europe can be dated with tolerable definiteness, we see evinced the methods by which in remoter ages objects were named. The words were borrowed from the community whence came the new object, or the real or fancied resemblance to some known object gave the name, or again popular etymology might convert the unknown term into something that at least approached in sound a well-known word.

 "The Origin of Species" had not long been published when the parallelism of development in natural species and in languages struck investigators.
 At the time, one of the foremost German philologists was August Schleicher, Professor at Jena. He was himself keenly interested in the natural sciences, and amongst his colleagues was Ernst Haeckel, the protagonist in Germany of the Darwinian theory. How the new ideas struck Schleicher may be seen from the following sentences by his colleague Haeckel. "Speech is a physiological function of the human organism, and has been developed simultaneously with its organs, the larynx and tongue, and with the functions of the brain. Hence it will be quite natural to find in the evolution and classification of languages the same features as in the evolution and classification of organic species. The various groups of languages that are distinguished in philology as primitive, fundamental, parent, and daughter languages, dialects, etc., correspond entirely in their development to the different categories which we classify in zoology and botany as stems, classes, orders, families, genera, species and varieties. The relation of these groups, partly coordinate and partly subordinate, in the general scheme is just the same in both cases; and the evolution follows the same lines in both."
 (Haeckel, "The Evolution of Man", page 485, London, 1905. This represents Schleicher's own words: Was die Naturforscher als Gattung bezeichnen wurden, heisst bei den Glottikern Sprachstamm, auch Sprachsippe; naher verwandte Gattungen bezeichnen sie wohl auch als Sprachfamilien einer Sippe oder eines Sprachstammes... Die Arten einer Gattung nennen wir Sprachen eines Stammes; die Unterarten einer Art sind bei uns die Dialekte oder Mundarten einer Sprache; den Varietaten und Spielarten entsprechen die Untermundarten oder Nebenmundarten und endlich den einzelnen Individuen die Sprechweise der einzelnen die Sprachen redenden Menschen.
 "Die Darwinische Theorie und die Sprachwissenschaft", Weimar, 1863, page 12 f. Darwin makes a more cautious statement about the classification of languages in "The Origin of Species", page 578, (Popular Edition, 1900).)
 These views were set forth in an open letter addressed to Haeckel in 1863 by Schleicher entitled, "The Darwinian theory and the science of language". Unfortunately Schleicher's views went a good deal farther than is indicated in the extract given above. He appended to the pamphlet a genealogical tree of the Indo-Germanic languages which, though to a large extent confirmed by later research, by the dichotomy of each branch into two other branches, led the unwary reader to suppose their phylogeny (to use Professor Haeckel's term) was more regular than our evidence warrants.

 Without qualification Schleicher declared languages to be "natural organisms which originated unconditioned by the human will, developed according to definite laws, grow old and die; they also are characterised by that series of phenomena which we designate by the term 'Life.'
 Consequently Glottic, the science of language, is a natural science; its method is in general the same as that of the other natural sciences."
 ("Die Darwinische Theorie", page 6 f.) In accordance with this view he declared (op. cit. page 23.) that the root in language might be compared with the simple cell in physiology, the linguistic simple cell or root being as yet not differentiated into special organs for the function of noun, verb, etc.

 In this probably all recent philologists admit that Schleicher went too far. One of the most fertile theories in the modern science of language originated with him, and was further developed by his pupil, August Leskien ("Die Declination im Slavisch-litanischen und Germanischen", Leipzig, 1876; Osthoff and Brugmann, "Morphologische Untersuchungen", I.
 (Introduction), 1878. The general principles of this school were formulated (1880) in a fuller form in H. Paul's "Prinzipien der Sprachgeschichte", Halle (3rd edition, 1898). Paul and Wundt (in his "Volkerpsychologie") deal largely with the same matter, but begin their investigations from different points of view, Paul being a philologist with leanings to philosophy and Wundt a philosopher interested in language.), and by Leskien's colleagues and friends, Brugmann and Osthoff.
 This was the principle that phonetic laws have no exceptions. Under the influence of this generalisation much greater precision in etymology was insisted upon, and a new and remarkably active period in the study of language began. Stated broadly in the fashion given above the principle is not true. A more accurate statement would be that an original sound is represented in a given dialect at a given time and in a given environment only in one way; provided that the development of the original sound into its representation in the given dialect has not been influenced by the working of analogy.

 It is this proviso that is most important for the characterisation of the science of language. As I have said elsewhere, it is at this point that this science parts company with the natural sciences. "If the chemist compounds two pure simple elements, there can be but one result, and no power of the chemist can prevent it. But the minds of men do act upon the sounds which they produce. The result is that, when this happens, the phonetic law which would have acted in the case is stopped, and


Fairest Maid On Devon Banks Glossary


near Paris. (From 1889 to 1960, the meter was defined to be the distance between two scratches in a platinum-iridium bar kept in that same vault -- this replaced an earlier definition as 10^(-7) times the distance between the North Pole and the Equator along a meridian through Paris; unfortunately, this had been based on an inexact value of the circumference of the Earth. From 1960 to 1984 it was defined to be _PHONE_.73 wavelengths of the orange-red line of krypton-86 propagating in a vacuum. It is now defined as the length of the path traveled by light in a vacuum in the time interval of 1/299,792,458 of a second. The kilogram is now the only unit of measure officially defined in terms of a unique artifact.) "This garbage-collection algorithm has been tested against the platinum-iridium cons cell in Paris." Compare golden.
Node:playpen, Next:playte, Previous:platinum-iridium, Up:= P = playpen n.
[IBM] A room where programmers work. Compare salt mines.
Node:playte, Next:plingnet, Previous:playpen, Up:= P = playte /playt/ 16 bits, by analogy with nybble and byte. Usage: rare and extremely silly. See also dynner and crumb. General discussion of such terms is under nybble.
Node:plingnet, Next:plokta, Previous:playte, Up:= P = plingnet /pling'net/ n. Syn. UUCPNET. Also see Commonwealth Hackish, which uses 'pling' for bang (as in bang path).
Node:plokta, Next:plonk, Previous:plingnet, Up:= P = plokta /plok't*/ v.
[acronym: Press Lots Of Keys To Abort] To press random keys in an attempt to get some response from the system. One might plokta when the abort procedure for a program is not known, or when trying to figure out if the system is just sluggish or really hung. Plokta can also be used while trying to figure out any unknown key sequence for a particular operation. Someone going into 'plokta mode' usually places both hands flat on the keyboard and mashes them down, hoping for some useful response.
A slightly more directed form of plokta can often be seen in mail messages or Usenet articles from new users -- the text might end with as the user vainly tries to find the right exit sequence, with the incorrect tries piling up at the end of the message.... Node:plonk, Next:plug-and-pray, Previous:plokta, Up:= P = plonk excl.,vt.
[Usenet: possibly influenced by British slang 'plonk' for cheap booze, or 'plonker' for someone behaving stupidly (latter is lit. equivalent to Yiddish 'schmuck')] The sound a newbie makes as he falls to the bottom of a kill file. While it originated in the newsgroup talk.bizarre, this term (usually written "*plonk*") is now (1994) widespread on Usenet as a form of public ridicule.
Node:plug-and-pray, Next:plugh, Previous:plonk, Up:= P = plug-and-pray adj.,vi.
Parody of the techspeak term 'plug-and-play', describing a PC peripheral card which is claimed to have no need for hardware configuration via DIP switches, and which should be work as soon as it is inserted in the PC. Unfortunately, even the PCI bus is not up to pulling this off reliably, and people who have to do installation or troubleshoot PCs soon find themselves longing for the DIP switches.
Node:plugh, Next:plumbing, Previous:plug-and-pray, Up:= P = plugh /ploogh/ v.
[from the ADVENT game] See xyzzy.
Node:plumbing, Next:PM, Previous:plugh, Up:= P = plumbing n.
[Unix] Term used for shell code, so called because of the prevalence of 'pipelines' that feed the output of one program to the input of another. Under Unix, user utilities can often be implemented or at least prototyped by a suitable collection of pipelines and temp-file grinding encapsulated in a shell script; this is much less effort than writing C every time, and the capability is considered one of Unix's major winning features. A few other OSs such as IBM's VM/CMS support similar facilities. Esp. used in the construction 'hairy plumbing' (see hairy). "You can kluge together a basic spell-checker out of sort(1), comm(1), and tr(1) with a little plumbing." See also tee.
Node:PM, Next:pnambic, Previous:plumbing, Up:= P = PM /P-M/ 1. v. (from 'preventive maintenance') To bring down a machine for inspection or test purposes. See provocative maintenance; see also scratch monkey. 2. n. Abbrev. for 'Presentation Manager', an elephantine OS/2 graphical user interface.
Node:pnambic, Next:pod, Previous:PM, Up:= P = pnambic /p*-nam'bik/ [Acronym from the scene in the film version of "The Wizard of Oz" in which the true nature of the wizard is first discovered: "Pay no attention to the man behind the curtain."] 1. A stage of development of a process or function that, owing to incomplete implementation or to the complexity of the system, requires human interaction to simulate or replace some or all of the actions, inputs, or outputs of the process or function. 2. Of or pertaining to a process or function whose apparent operations are wholly or partially falsified. 3. Requiring prestidigitization.
The ultimate pnambic product was "Dan Bricklin's Demo", a program which supported flashy user-interface design prototyping.
There is a related maxim among hackers: "Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from a rigged demo." See magic, sense 1, for illumination of this point.
Node:pod, Next:point-and-drool interface, Previous:pnambic, Up:= P = pod n.
[allegedly from abbreviation POD for 'Prince Of Darkness'] A Diablo 630 (or, latterly, any letter-quality impact printer).
From the DEC-10 PODTYPE program used to feed formatted text to it. Not to be confused with P.O.D.. Node:point-and-drool interface, Next:pointy hat, Previous:pod, Up:= P = point-and-drool interface n. Parody of the techspeak term 'point-and-shoot interface', describing a windows, icons, and mouse-based interface such as is found on the Macintosh. The implication, of course, is that such an interface is only suitable for idiots. See for the rest of us, WIMP environment, Macintrash, drool-proof paper. Also 'point-and-grunt interface'.
Node:pointy hat, Next:pointy-haired, Previous:point-and-drool interface, Up:= P = pointy hat n. See wizard hat. This synonym specifically refers to the wizards of Unseen University in Terry Pratchett's "Discworld" serious of humorous fantasies; these books are extremely popular among hackers.
Node:pointy-haired, Next:poke, Previous:pointy hat, Up:= P = pointy-haired adj.
[after the character in the Dilbert comic strip] Describes the extreme form of the property that separates suits and marketroids from hackers. Compare brain-dead; demented; see PHB.
Always applied to people, never to ideas. The plural form is often used as a noun. "The pointy-haireds ordered me to use Windows NT, but I set up a Linux server with Samba instead."
Node:poke, Next:poll, Previous:pointy-haired, Up:= P = poke n.,vt.
See peek.
Node:poll, Next:polygon pusher, Previous:poke, Up:= P = poll v.,n.
1. [techspeak] The action of checking the status of an input line, sensor, or memory location to see if a particular external event has been registered. 2. To repeatedly call or check with someone: "I keep polling him


in Europe to establish in their country the underlying principles of democracy. The Scottish systems of land tenure—which may be said to be the theme of The Scotch Twins—are discussed in Beaton's "Highlands of Scotland."
Of particular bearing is his comment upon conditions resulting from the withdrawal of soil for purposes of sport, the poaching that followed, etc.
The spirit of Scottish history is epitomized in Burns's poem, "A Man's a Man for a' That," and the ingenious teacher will need no further prompting as to the ways in which this poem and the movement for which it stands are related to the history of our own country. A further debt to Scotland lies in the character of the Scotch immigrants to the United States and their descendants; Griffis's "Bonnie Scotland and What We Owe Her" will show how to apply this suggestion and others which will come to mind from these paragraphs.


about. See Voluble, and cf. Vault a leap, Volt a turn, Volute.]

1. (Arch.) An arched structure of masonry, forming a ceiling or canopy.

 The long-drawn aisle and fretted vault.

Gray.
2. An arched apartment; especially, a subterranean room, use for storing articles, for a prison, for interment, or the like; a cell; a cellar. "Charnel vaults." Milton.
 The silent vaults of death.

Sandys.
 To banish rats that haunt our vault.

Swift.
3. The canopy of heaven; the sky.

 That heaven's vault should crack.

Shak.
4. [F. volte, It. volta, originally, a turn, and the same word as volta an arch. See the Etymology above.] A leap or bound. Specifically: — (a) (Man.) The bound or leap of a horse; a curvet. (b) A leap by aid of the hands, or of a pole, springboard, or the like.

 The l in this word was formerly often suppressed in pronunciation.

Barrel, Cradle, Cylindrical, or Wagon, vault (Arch.), a kind of vault having two parallel abutments, and the same section or profile at all points. It may be rampant, as over a staircase (see Rampant vault, under Rampant), or curved in plan, as around the apse of a church. — Coved vault. (Arch.) See under 1st Cove, v. t. — Groined vault (Arch.), a vault having groins, that is, one in which different cylindrical surfaces intersect one another, as distinguished from a barrel, or wagon, vault. — Rampant vault. (Arch.) See under Rampant.
 — Ribbed vault (Arch.), a vault differing from others in having solid ribs which bear the weight of the vaulted surface. True Gothic vaults are of this character. — Vault light, a partly glazed plate inserted in a pavement or ceiling to admit light to a vault below.

 Vault (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vaulted; p. pr. & vb. n. Vaulting.] [OE. vouten, OF. volter, vouter, F. voûter. See Vault an arch.]

1. To form with a vault, or to cover with a vault; to give the shape of an arch to; to arch; as, vault a roof; to vault a passage to a court.

 The shady arch that vaulted the broad green alley.

Sir W. Scott.
2. [See Vault, v. i.] To leap over; esp., to leap over by aid of the hands or a pole; as, to vault a fence.

 I will vault credit, and affect high pleasures.

Webster (1623).
 Vault, v. i. [Cf. OF. volter, F. voltiger, It. volt&?;re turn. See Vault, n., 4.]

1. To leap; to bound; to jump; to spring.

Vaulting ambition, which o'erleaps itself.

Shak.
 Leaning on his lance, he vaulted on a tree.

Dryden.
 Lucan vaulted upon Pegasus with all the heat and intrepidity of youth.

Addison.
2. To exhibit feats of tumbling or leaping; to tumble.

 Vault"age (?), n. Vaulted work; also, a vaulted place; an arched cellar. [Obs.] Shak.
 Vault"ed, a. 1. Arched; concave; as, a vaulted roof.

2. Covered with an arch, or vault.

3. (Bot.) Arched like the roof of the mouth, as the upper lip of many ringent flowers.

 Vault"er (?), n. One who vaults; a leaper; a tumbler. B. Jonson.
 Vault"ing, n. 1. The act of constructing vaults; a vaulted construction.

2. Act of one who vaults or leaps.

 Vault"y (?), a. Arched; concave. [Obs.] "The vaulty heaven."
 Shak.
 Vaunce (?), v. i. [See Advance.] To advance. [Obs.] Spenser.
 Vaunt (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Vaunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Vaunting.] [F. vanter, LL. vanitare, fr. L. vanus vain. See Vain.] To boast; to make a vain display of one's own worth, attainments, decorations, or the like; to talk ostentatiously; to brag.

 Pride, which prompts a man to vaunt and overvalue what he is, does incline him to disvalue what he has.

Gov. of Tongue.
 Vaunt, v. t. To boast of; to make a vain display of; to display with ostentation.

 Charity vaunteth not itself, is not puffed up.

1 Cor. xiii. 4.
 My vanquisher, spoiled of his vaunted spoil.

Milton.
 Vaunt, n. A vain display of what one is, or has, or has done; ostentation from vanity; a boast; a brag.

 The spirits beneath, whom I seduced With other promises and other vaunts.

Milton.
 Vaunt, n. [F. avant before, fore. See Avant, Vanguard.] The first part. [Obs.] Shak.
 Vaunt, v. t. [See Avant, Advance.] To put forward; to display.
 [Obs.] "Vaunted spear." Spenser.
 And what so else his person most may vaunt.

Spenser.
 Vaunt"-cou'ri*er (?), n. See Vancourier. [Obs.] Shak.
 Vaunt"er (?), n. One who vaunts; a boaster.

 Vaunt"ful (?), a. Given to vaunting or boasting; vainly ostentatious; boastful; vainglorious.

 Vaunt"ing*ly, adv. In a vaunting manner.

 Vaunt"mure' (?), n. [F. avant-mur. See Vanguard, and Mure.]
 (Fort.) A false wall; a work raised in front of the main wall.
 [Written also vaimure, and vamure.] Camden.
 Vauque"lin*ite (?), n. [So called after the French chemist Vauquelin, who died in 1829: cf. F. vauquelinite.] (Min.) Chromate of copper and lead, of various shades of green.

 Vaut (?), v. i. To vault; to leap. [Obs.] Spenser.
 Vaut, n. A vault; a leap. [Obs.] Spenser.
 Vaut"y (?), a. Vaulted. "The haughty vauty welkin." [Obs.]
 Taylor (1611).
 Vav"a*sor (?), n. [OE. vavasour, OF. vavassor, vavassour, F. vavasseur, LL. vavassor, probably contr. from vassus vassorum vassal of the vassals. See Vassal.] (Feud. Law) The vassal or tenant of a baron; one who held under a baron, and who also had tenants under him; one in dignity next to a baron; a title of dignity next to a baron. Burrill. "A worthy vavasour." Chaucer.
 [Also written vavasour, vavassor, valvasor, etc.]

Vavasours subdivide again to vassals, exchanging land and cattle, human or otherwise, against fealty.

Motley.
 Vav"a*so*ry (?), n. [F. vavassorie.] (Feud. Law) The quality or tenure of the fee held by a vavasor; also, the lands held by a vavasor.

 Va"ward


The bite is poisonous to most persons. The human flea (Pulex irritans), abundant in Europe, is rare in America, where the dog flea (P. canis) takes its place. See Aphaniptera, and Dog flea. See Illustration in Appendix.

A flea in the ear, an unwelcome hint or unexpected reply, annoying like a flea; an irritating repulse; as, to put a flea in one's ear; to go away with a flea in one's ear. -- Beach flea, Black flea, etc. See under Beach, etc.

 Flea"bane' (?), n. (Bot.) One of various plants, supposed to have efficacy in driving away fleas. They belong, for the most part, to the genera Conyza, Erigeron, and Pulicaria.

 Flea"-bee'tle (?), n. (Zoöl.) A small beetle of the family Halticidæ, of many species. They have strong posterior legs and leap like fleas. The turnip flea-beetle (Phyllotreta vittata) and that of the grapevine (Graptodera chalybea) are common injurious species.

 Flea"-bite' (?), n. 1. The bite of a flea, or the red spot caused by the bite.

2. A trifling wound or pain, like that of the bite of a flea. Harvey.
 Flea"-bit'ten (?), a. 1. Bitten by a flea; as, a flea-bitten face.

2. White, flecked with minute dots of bay or sorrel; -- said of the color of a horse.

 Fleagh (fl), obs. imp. of Fly.

 Fleak (flk), n. A flake; a thread or twist. [Obs.]

 Little long fleaks or threads of hemp.

Dr. H. More.
 Fleak"ing, n. A light covering of reeds, over which the main covering is laid, in thatching houses. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.
 Flea"-louse' (?), n. (Zoöl.) A jumping plant louse of the family Psyllidæ, of many species. That of the pear tree is Psylla pyri.

 Fleam (?), n. [F. flamme, OF. flieme, fr. LL. flevotomum, phlebotomum; cf. D. vlijm. See Phlebotomy.] (Surg. & Far.) A sharp instrument used for opening veins, lancing gums, etc.; a kind of lancet.

Fleam tooth, a tooth of a saw shaped like an isosceles triangle; a peg tooth. Knight.
 Fleam"y (?), a. Bloody; clotted. [Obs. or Prov.]

 Foamy bubbling of a fleamy brain.

Marston.
 Flear (?), v. t. & i. See Fleer.

 Flea"wort' (?), n. (Bot.) An herb used in medicine (Plantago Psyllium), named from the shape of its seeds. Loudon.
 ||Flèche (?), n. [F. flèche, prop., an arrow.]
 (Fort.) A simple fieldwork, consisting of two faces forming a salient angle pointing outward and open at the gorge.

 Fleck (flk), n. A flake; also, a lock, as of wool. [Obs.] J. Martin.
 Fleck (?), n. [Cf. Icel. flekkr; akin to Sw. fläck, D. vlek, G. fleck, and perh. to E. flitch.] A spot; a streak; a speckle. "A sunny fleck." Longfellow.
 Life is dashed with flecks of sin.

tennyson.
 Fleck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flecked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flecking.] [Cf. Icel. flekka, Sw. fläcka, D. vlekken, vlakken, G. flecken. See Fleck, n.]
 To spot; to streak or stripe; to variegate; to dapple.

 Both flecked with white, the true Arcadian strain.

Dryden.
 A bird, a cloud, flecking the sunny air.

Trench.
 Fleck"er (?), v. t. To fleck. Johnson.
 Fleck"less, a. Without spot or blame. [R.]

 My consnience will not count me fleckless.

Tennyson.
 Flec"tion (?), n. [See Flexion.] 1. The act of bending, or state of being bent.

2. The variation of words by declension, comparison, or conjugation; inflection.

 Flec"tion*al (?), a. Capable of, or pertaining to, flection or inflection.

 A flectional word is a phrase in the bud.

Earle.
 Flec"tor (?), n. A flexor.

 Fled (?), imp. & p. p. of Flee.

 Fledge (?), a. [OE. flegge, flygge; akin to D. vlug, G. flügge, flücke, OHG. flucchi, Icel. fleygr, and to E. fly. √84. See Fly, v. i.] Feathered; furnished with feathers or wings; able to fly.

 His shoulders, fledge with wings.

Milton.
 Fledge, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Fledged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fledging.] 1. To furnish with feathers; to supply with the feathers necessary for flight.

 The birds were not as yet fledged enough to shift for themselves.

L'Estrange.
2. To furnish or adorn with any soft covering.

 Your master, whose chin is not yet fledged.

Shak.
 Fledge"ling (?), n. A young bird just fledged.

 Flee (fl), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fled (fld); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Fleeing.] [OE. fleon, fleen, AS. fleón (imperf. fleáh); akin to D. vlieden, OHG.
 & OS. fliohan, G. fliehen, Icel. flja (imperf. flði), Dan. flye, Sw. fly (imperf. flydde), Goth. þliuhan.
 √84. Cf. Flight.] To run away, as from danger or evil; to avoid in an alarmed or cowardly manner; to hasten off; -- usually with from.
 This is sometimes omitted, making the verb transitive.

 [He] cowardly fled, not having struck one stroke.

Shak.
Flee fornication.

1 Cor. vi. 18.
 So fled his enemies my warlike father.

Shak.
 When great speed is to be indicated, we commonly use fly, not flee; as, fly hence to France with the utmost speed. "Whither shall I fly to'scape their hands?" Shak. See Fly, v. i., 5.

 Fleece (fls), n. [OE. flees, AS. fleós; akin to D. flies, vlies.] 1. The entire coat of wool that covers a sheep or other similar animal; also, the quantity shorn from a sheep, or animal, at one time.

 Who shore me Like a tame wether, all my precious fleece.

Milton.
2. Any soft woolly covering resembling a fleece.

3. (Manuf.) The fine web of cotton or wool removed by the doffing knife from the cylinder of a carding machine.

Fleece wool, wool shorn from the sheep. -- Golden fleece.
 See under Golden.

 Fleece, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fleeced (?); p. pr.


OF THE NATURE OF THINGS By Titus Lucretius Carus A Metrical Translation By William Ellery Leonard CONTENTS BOOK I SUBSTANCE IS ETERNAL THE VOID NOTHING EXISTS per se EXCEPT ATOMS AND THE VOID CHARACTER OF THE ATOMS CONFUTATION OF OTHER PHILOSOPHERS THE INFINITY OF THE UNIVERSE BOOK II PROEM ATOMIC MOTIONS ATOMIC FORMS AND THEIR COMBINATIONS INFINITE WORLDS BOOK III PROEM NATURE AND COMPOSITION OF THE MIND THE SOUL IS MORTAL FOLLY OF THE FEAR OF DEATH BOOK IV PROEM EXISTENCE AND CHARACTER OF THE IMAGES THE SENSES AND MENTAL PICTURES SOME VITAL FUNCTIONS THE PASSION OF LOVE BOOK V PROEM THE WORLD IS NOT ETERNAL ORIGINS OF VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL LIFE ORIGINS AND SAVAGE PERIOD OF MANKIND BEGINNINGS OF CIVILIZATION BOOK VI PROEM GREAT METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA, ETC.
 THE PLAGUE ATHENS BOOK I PROEM SUBSTANCE IS ETERNAL THE VOID NOTHING EXISTS per se EXCEPT ATOMS AND THE VOID CHARACTER OF THE ATOMS CONFUTATION OF OTHER PHILOSOPHERS THE INFINITY OF THE UNIVERSE BOOK II PROEM ATOMIC MOTIONS ATOMIC FORMS AND THEIR COMBINATIONS ABSENCE OF SECONDARY QUALITIES INFINITE WORLDS BOOK III PROEM NATURE AND COMPOSITION OF THE MIND THE SOUL IS MORTAL FOLLY OF THE FEAR OF DEATH BOOK IV PROEM EXISTENCE AND CHARACTER OF THE IMAGES THE SENSES AND MENTAL PICTURES SOME VITAL FUNCTIONS THE PASSION OF LOVE BOOK V PROEM THE WORLD IS NOT ETERNAL ORIGINS OF VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL LIFE ORIGINS AND SAVAGE PERIOD OF MANKIND BEGINNINGS OF CIVILIZATION BOOK VI PROEM GREAT METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA, ETC.

 THE PLAGUE ATHENS


sulphate or gypsum, calcium fluoride or fluor spar, calcium phosphate or apatite.

Calcium light, an intense light produced by the incandescence of a stick or ball of lime in the flame of a combination of oxygen and hydrogen gases, or of oxygen and coal gas; -- called also Drummond light.

 Cal*civ"o*rous (?), a. [L. calx lime + vorare to devour.] Eroding, or eating into, limestone.

 Cal*cog"ra*pher (?), n. One who practices calcography.

 { Cal'co*graph"ic (?), Cal'co*graph"ic*al, } a. Relating to, or in the style of, calcography.

 Cal*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [L. calx, calcis, lime, chalk + -graphy.] The art of drawing with chalk.

 Calc"-sin'ter (?), n. [G. kalk (L. calx, calcis) lime + E. sinter.] See under Calcite.

 Calc"-spar' (?), n. [G. kalk (L. calx) lime E. spar.]
 Same as Calcite.

 Calc"-tu'fa (?), n. [G. kalk (l. calx) lime + E. tufa.]
 See under Calcite.

 Cal"cu*la*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. calculable.] That may be calculated or ascertained by calculation.

 Cal"cu*la*ry (?), a. [L. calculus a pebble, a calculus; cf calcularius pertaining to calculation.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to calculi.

 Cal"cu*la*ry, n. A congeries of little stony knots found in the pulp of the pear and other fruits.

 Cal"cu*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Calculater (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Calculating (?).] [L, calculatus, p. p. of calculate, fr. calculus a pebble, a stone used in reckoning; hence, a reckoning, fr. calx, calcis, a stone used in gaming, limestone. See Calx.] 1. To ascertain or determine by mathematical processes, usually by the ordinary rules of arithmetic; to reckon up; to estimate; to compute.

 A calencar exacity calculated than any othe. North.
2. To ascertain or predict by mathematical or astrological computations the time, circumstances, or other conditions of; to forecast or compute the character or consequences of; as, to calculate or cast one's nativity.

 A cunning man did calculate my birth. Shak.
3. To adjust for purpose; to adapt by forethought or calculation; to fit or prepare by the adaptation of means to an end; as, to calculate a system of laws for the government and protection of a free people.

 [Religion] is... calculated for our benefit. Abp.
 Tillotson.
4. To plan; to expect; to think. [Local, U. S.]

Syn. -- To compute; reckon; count; estimate; rate. -- To Calculate, Compute. Reckon, Count. These words indicate the means by which we arrive at a given result in regard to quantity. We calculate with a view to obtain a certain point of knowledge; as, to calculate an eclipse. We compute by combining given numbers, in order to learn the grand result. We reckon and count in carrying out the details of a computation. These words are also used in a secondary and figurative sense. "Calculate is rather a conjection from what is, as to what may be; computation is a rational estimate of what has been, from what is; reckoning is a conclusive conviction, a pleasing assurance that a thing will happen; counting indicates an expectation. We calculate on a gain; we compute any loss sustained, or the amount of any mischief done; we reckon on a promised pleasure; we count the hours and minutes until the time of enjoyment arrives" Crabb.
 Cal"cu*late (?), v. i. To make a calculation; to forecast consequences; to estimate; to compute.

 The strong passions, whether good or bad, never calculate.
F. W. Robertson.
 Cal"cu*la'ted (?), p. p. & a. 1. Worked out by calculation; as calculated tables for computing interest; ascertained or conjectured as a result of calculation; as, the calculated place of a planet; the calculated velocity of a cannon ball.

2. Adapted by calculation, contrivance. or forethought to accomplish a purpose; as, to use arts calculated to deceive the people.

3. Likely to produce a certain effect, whether intended or not; fitted; adapted; suited.

 The only danger that attends multiplicity of publication is, that some of them may be calculated to injure rather than benefit society.
Goldsmith.
 The minister, on the other hand, had never gone through an experience calculated to lead him beyond the scope of generally received laws . Hawthorne.
 Cal"cu*la'ting (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to mathematical calculations; performing or able to perform mathematical calculations.

2. Given to contrivance or forethought; forecasting; scheming; as, a cool calculating disposition.

Calculating machine, a machine for the mechanical performance of mathematical operations, for the most part invented by Charles Babbage and G. and E. Scheutz. It computes logarithmic and other mathematical tables of a high degree of intricacy, imprinting the results on a leaden plate, from which a stereotype plate is then directly made.

 Cal"cu*la'ting, n. The act or process of making mathematical computations or of estimating results.

 Cal'cu*la"tion (-l"shn), n. [OE. calculation, fr. L. calculatio; cf. OF. calcucation.] 1. The act or process, or the result, of calculating; computation; reckoning, estimate. "The calculation of eclipses." Nichol.
 The mountain is not so his calculation makes it. Boyle.
2. An expectation based on circumstances.

 The lazy gossips of the port, Abhorrent of a calculation crost, Began to chafe as at a personal wrong. Tennyson.
 Cal"cu*la*tive (?), a. Of or pertaining to calculation; involving calculation.

 Long habits of calculative dealings. Burke.
 Cal"cu*la*tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. calculateur.] One who computes or reckons: one who estimates or considers the force and effect of causes, with a view to form a correct estimate of the effects.

 Ambition is no exact calculator. Burke.
 Cal"cu*la*to*ry (?), a. [L. calculatorius.] Belonging to calculation. Sherwood.
 Cal"cule (?), n. [F. calcul, fr. L. calculus. See Calculus.] Reckoning; computation. [Obs.] Howell.
 Cal"cule, v. i. To calculate [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Cal"cu*li (?), n. pl. See Calculus.

 Cal"cu*lous (?), a. [L. calculosus.] 1. Of the nature of a calculus; like stone; gritty; as, a calculous concretion. Sir T. Browne.
2. Caused, or characterized, by the presence of a calculus or calculi; a, a calculous disorder; affected with gravel or stone; as, a calculous person.

 Cal"cu*lus (?), n.; pl. Calculi (#). [L, calculus.
 See Calculate, and Calcule.] 1. (Med.) Any solid concretion, formed in any part of the body, but most frequent in the organs that act as reservoirs, and in the passages connected with them; as, biliary calculi; urinary calculi, etc.

2. (Math.) A


absurd, and Camilla at last gave way.
It need only further be said that though Giles Hickbody and Martha are not actually married as yet,—men and women in their class of life always moving towards marriage with great precaution,—it is quite understood that the young people are engaged, and are to be made happy together at some future time.


lic.

2. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to a finger or toe, or to the claw of an insect crustacean.

 Dac"tyl*et (?), n. [Dactyl + &?;et.] A dactyl.
 [Obs.]

 Dac*tyl"ic (?), a. [L. dactylicus, Gr. &?;, fr.
 &?;.] Pertaining to, consisting chiefly or wholly of, dactyls; as, dactylic verses.

 Dac*tyl"ic, n. 1. A line consisting chiefly or wholly of dactyls; as, these lines are dactylics.

2. pl. Dactylic meters.

 Dac*tyl"i*o*glyph (dk*tl"**glf), n. [Gr. daktyliogly'fos an engraver of gems; dakty'lios finger ring (fr. da'ktylos finger) + gly'fein to engrave.] (Fine Arts) (a) An engraver of gems for rings and other ornaments. (b) The inscription of the engraver's name on a finger ring or gem.

 Dac*tyl'i*og"ly*phy (?), n. The art or process of gem engraving.

 Dac*tyl'i*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. dakty'lios finger ring + -graphy.]
 (Fine Arts) (a) The art of writing or engraving upon gems.
 (b) In general, the literature or history of the art.

 Dac*tyl'i*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. dakty'lios finger ring + -logy.]
 (Fine Arts) (a) That branch of archæology which has to do with gem engraving. (b) That branch of archæology which has to do with finger rings.

 Dac*tyl"i*o*man'cy (?), n. [Gr. dakty'lios + -mancy.]
 Divination by means of finger rings.

 Dac"tyl*ist (?), n. A writer of dactylic verse.

 ||Dac'tyl*i"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. da'ktylos finger + -itis.]
 (Med.) An inflammatory affection of the fingers. Gross.
 Dac'tyl*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. da'ktylos finger + -logy.] The art of communicating ideas by certain movements and positions of the fingers; -- a method of conversing practiced by the deaf and dumb.

 There are two different manual alphabets, the onehand alphabet (which was perfected by Abbé de l'Epée, who died in 1789), and the two-hand alphabet. The latter was probably based on the manual alphabet published by George Dalgarus of Aberdeen, in 1680. See Illustration in Appendix.

 Dac*tyl"o*man'cy (?), n. Dactyliomancy. [R.] Am. Cyc.
 Dac'tyl*on"o*my (?), n. [Gr. da'ktylos finger + no'mos law, distribution.] The art of numbering or counting by the fingers.

 Dac'tyl*op"ter*ous (?), a. [Gr. da'ktylos finger + &?; wing, fin.] (Zoöl.) Having the inferior rays of the pectoral fins partially or entirely free, as in the gurnards.

 ||Dac'ty*lo*the"ca (dk't*l*th"k), n. [NL., fr. Gr. da'ktylos finger, toe + qh'kh case, box.] (Zoöl.) The scaly covering of the toes, as in birds.

 Dac'tyl*o*zo"oid (dk't*l*z"oid), n. [Gr. da'ktylos finger + E. zooid.]
 (Zoöl.) A kind of zooid of Siphonophora which has an elongated or even vermiform body, with one tentacle, but no mouth. See Siphonophora.

 Dad (dd), n. [Prob. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. daid, Gael. daidein, W. tad, OL. tata, Gr. ta'ta, te'tta, Skr. tta.]
 Father; -- a word sometimes used by children.

 I was never so bethumped with words, Since I first called my brother's father dad.

Shak.
 Dad"dle (dd"d'l), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Daddled (?), p. pr. & vb. n. Daddling.] [Prob. freq. of dade.] To toddle; to walk unsteadily, like a child or an old man; hence, to do anything slowly or feebly.

 Dad"dock (?), n. [Cf. Prov. E. dad a large piece.] The rotten body of a tree. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.
 Dad"dy (?), n. Diminutive of Dad. Dryden.
 Dad"dy long"legs' (?). 1. (Zoöl.) An arachnidan of the genus Phalangium, and allied genera, having a small body and four pairs of long legs; -- called also harvestman, carter, and grandfather longlegs.

2. (Zoöl.) A name applied to many species of dipterous insects of the genus Tipula, and allied genera, with slender bodies, and very long, slender legs; the crane fly; -- called also father longlegs.

 Dade (?), v. t. [Of. uncertain origin. Cf. Dandle, Daddle.] To hold up by leading strings or by the hand, as a child while he toddles. [Obs.]

 Little children when they learn to go By painful mothers daded to and fro.

Drayton.
 Dade, v. i. To walk unsteadily, as a child in leading strings, or just learning to walk; to move slowly. [Obs.]

 No sooner taught to dade, but from their mother trip.

Drayton.
 Da"do (?), n.; pl. Dadoes (#). [It. dado die, cube, pedestal; of the same origin as E. die, n. See Die, n.]
 (Arch.) (a) That part of a pedestal included between the base and the cornice (or surbase); the die. See Illust. of Column.
 Hence: (b) In any wall, that part of the basement included between the base and the base course. See Base course, under Base. (c) In interior decoration, the lower part of the wall of an apartment when adorned with moldings, or otherwise specially decorated.

 { Dæ"dal (?), Dæ*dal"ian (?) }, a. [L. daedalus cunningly wrought, fr. Gr. &?;; cf. &?; to work cunningly. The word also alludes to the mythical Dædalus (Gr. &?;, lit., the cunning worker).] 1. Cunningly or ingeniously formed or working; skillful; artistic; ingenious.

 Our bodies decked in our dædalian arms.

Chapman.
 The dædal hand of Nature.

J. Philips.
 The doth the dædal earth throw forth to thee, Out of her fruitful, abundant flowers.

Spenser.
2. Crafty; deceitful. [R.] Keats.
 Dæd"a*lous (?), a. (Bot.) Having a variously cut or incised margin; -- said of leaves.

 Dæ"mon (?), n., Dæ*mon"ic (&?;), a. See Demon, Demonic.

 Daff (?), v. t. [Cf. Doff.] To cast aside; to put off; to doff.
 [Obs.]

 Canst thou so


square root of the square root of that number. Thus the square root of 81 is 9, and the square root of 9 is 3, which is the biquadratic root of 81. Hutton.

 Bi'quad*rat"ic, n. (Math.) (a) A biquadrate. (b) A biquadratic equation.

 Bi*quin"tile (&?;), n. [Pref. bi- + quintile: cf.
 F. biquintile.] (Astron.) An aspect of the planets when they are distant from each other by twice the fifth part of a great circle -- that is, twice 72 degrees.

 { Bi*ra"di*ate (&?;), Bi*ra"di*a'ted (&?;), } a. [Pref. bi- + radiate.] Having two rays; as, a biradiate fin.

 Bi*ra"mous (&?;), a. [Pref. bi- + ramous.] (Biol.)
 Having, or consisting of, two branches.

 Birch (brch), n.; pl. Birches (-z). [OE. birche, birk, AS. birce, beorc; akin to Icel. björk, Sw. björk, Dan. birk, D. berk, OHG. piricha, MHG. birche, birke, G. birke, Russ. bereza, Pol. brzoza, Serv. breza, Skr. bhrja. √254. Cf.
 1st Birk.] 1. A tree of several species, constituting the genus Betula; as, the white or common birch (B. alba) (also called silver birch and lady birch); the dwarf birch (B. glandulosa); the paper or canoe birch (B. papyracea); the yellow birch (B. lutea); the black or cherry birch (B. lenta).

2. The wood or timber of the birch.

3. A birch twig or birch twigs, used for flogging.

 The twigs of the common European birch (B. alba), being tough and slender, were formerly much used for rods in schools. They were also made into brooms.

 The threatening twigs of birch. Shak.
4. A birch-bark canoe.

Birch of Jamaica, a species (Bursera gummifera) of turpentine tree. -- Birch partridge. (Zoöl.) See Ruffed grouse. -- Birch wine, wine made of the spring sap of the birch. -- Oil of birch. (a) An oil obtained from the bark of the common European birch (Betula alba), and used in the preparation of genuine (and sometimes of the imitation) Russia leather, to which it gives its peculiar odor. (b) An oil prepared from the black birch (B. lenta), said to be identical with the oil of wintergreen, for which it is largely sold.

 Birch, a. Of or pertaining to the birch; birchen.

 Birch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Birched (brcht); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Birching.] To whip with a birch rod or twig; to flog.

 Birch"en (brch"'n), a. Of or relating to birch.

 He passed where Newark's stately tower Looks out from Yarrow's birchen bower. Sir W. Scott.
 Bird (brd), n. [OE. brid, bred, bird, young bird, bird, AS. bridd young bird. √92.] 1. Orig., a chicken; the young of a fowl; a young eaglet; a nestling; and hence, a feathered flying animal (see 2).

 That ungentle gull, the cuckoo's bird. Shak.
 The brydds [birds] of the aier have nestes. Tyndale (Matt. viii. 20).
2. (Zoöl.) A warm-blooded, feathered vertebrate provided with wings. See Aves.

3. Specifically, among sportsmen, a game bird.

4. Fig.: A girl; a maiden.

 And by my word! the bonny bird In danger shall not tarry.
Campbell.
Arabian bird, the phenix. -- Bird of Jove, the eagle. -- Bird of Juno, the peacock. -- Bird louse (Zoöl.), a wingless insect of the group Mallophaga, of which the genera and species are very numerous and mostly parasitic upon birds. -- Bird mite (Zoöl.), a small mite (genera Dermanyssus, Dermaleichus and allies) parasitic upon birds. The species are numerous. -- Bird of passage, a migratory bird. -- Bird spider (Zoöl.), a very large South American spider (Mygale avicularia). It is said sometimes to capture and kill small birds. -- Bird tick (Zoöl.), a dipterous insect parasitic upon birds (genus Ornithomyia, and allies), usually winged.

 Bird (&?;), v. i. 1. To catch or shoot birds.

2. Hence: To seek for game or plunder; to thieve. [R.] B. Jonson.
 Bird"bolt' (&?;), n. A short blunt arrow for killing birds without piercing them. Hence: Anything which smites without penetrating.
 Shak.
 { Bird" cage", or Bird"cage' } (&?;), n. A cage for confining birds.

 Bird"call' (&?;), n. 1. A sound made in imitation of the note or cry of a bird for the purpose of decoying the bird or its mate.

2. An instrument of any kind, as a whistle, used in making the sound of a birdcall.

 Bird"catch'er (&?;), n. One whose employment it is to catch birds; a fowler.

 Bird"catch'ing, n. The art, act, or occupation or catching birds or wild fowls.

 Bird" cher'ry (&?;). (Bot.) A shrub (Prunus Padus ) found in Northern and Central Europe. It bears small black cherries.

 Bird"er (&?;), n. A birdcatcher.

 Bird"-eyed' (&?;), a. Quick-sighted; catching a glance as one goes.

 Bird" fan'ci*er (&?;). 1. One who takes pleasure in rearing or collecting rare or curious birds.

2. One who has for sale the various kinds of birds which are kept in cages.

 Bird"ie (&?;), n. A pretty or dear little bird; -- a pet name.
 Tennyson.
 Bird"i*kin (&?;), n. A young bird. Thackeray.
 Bird"ing, n. Birdcatching or fowling. Shak.
Birding piece, a fowling piece. Shak.
 Bird"let, n. A little bird; a nestling.

 Bird"like' (&?;), a. Resembling a bird.

 Bird"lime' (&?;), n. [Bird + lime viscous substance.] An extremely adhesive viscid substance, usually made of the middle bark of the holly, by boiling, fermenting, and cleansing it. When a twig is smeared with this substance it will hold small birds which may light upon it. Hence: Anything which insnares.

 Not birdlime or Idean pitch produce A more tenacious mass of clammy juice. Dryden.
Birdlime is also made from mistletoe, elder, etc.

 Bird"lime', v. t. To smear with birdlime; to catch with birdlime; to insnare.

 When the heart is thus birdlimed, then it cleaves to everything it meets with. Coodwin.
 Bird"ling, n. A little bird; a nestling.

 Bird"man (&?;), n


axis is identical with that of a body acted on by an attractive central force varying directly as the distance. In the case of the hyperbolas in the plane of the greatest and least axis, this force must be supposed repulsive. The dots in the figures 1, 2, 3, are intended to indicate roughly the progress made by the invariable axis during each revolution of the body about the axis of $x$, $y$ and $z$ respectively. It must be remembered that the rotation about these axes varies with their inclination to the invariable axis, so that the angular velocity diminishes as the inclination increases, and therefore the areas in the ellipses above mentioned are not described with uniform velocity in absolute time, but are less rapidly swept out at the extremities of the major axis than at those of the minor.
* When two of the axes have equal moments of inertia, or $b = c$, then the angular velocity $\omega_1$ is constant, and the path of the invariable axis is circular, the number of revolutions of the body during one circuit of the invariable axis, being \begin{displaymath} \frac{a^2}{b^2 - a^2} \end{displaymath} The motion is in the same direction as that of the rotation, or in the opposite direction, according as the axis of $x$ is that of greatest or of least moment of inertia.
* Both in this case, and in that in which the three axes are unequal, the motion of the invariable axis in the body may be rendered very slow by diminishing the difference of the moments of inertia. The angular velocity of the axis of $x$ about the invariable axis in space is \begin{displaymath} \omega_1\frac{e^2 - a^2l^2}{a^2(1 - l^2)}, \end{displaymath} which is greater or less than $\omega_1$, as $e^2$ is greater or less than $a^2$, and, when these quantities are nearly equal, is very nearly the same as $\omega_1$ itself. This quantity indicates the rate of revolution of the axle of the top about its mean position, and is very easily observed.
* The instantaneous axis is not so easily observed. It revolves round the invariable axis in the same time with the axis of $x$, at a distance which is very small in the case when $a$, $b$, $c$, are nearly equal. From its rapid angular motion in space, and its near coincidence with the invariable axis, there is no advantage in studying its motion in the top.
* By making the moments of inertia very unequal, and in definite proportion to each other, and by drawing a few strong lines as diameters of the disc, the combination of motions will produce an appearance of epicycloids, which are the result of the continued intersection of the successive positions of these lines, and the cusps of the epicycloids lie in the curve in which the instantaneous axis travels. Some of the figures produced in this way are very pleasing.
In order to illustrate the theory of rotation experimentally, we must have a body balanced on its centre of gravity, and capable of having its principal axes and moments of inertia altered in form and position within certain limits. We must be able to make the axle of the instrument the greatest, least, or mean principal axis, or to make it not a principal axis at all, and we must be able to see the position of the invariable axis of rotation at any time. There must be three adjustments to regulate the position of the centre of gravity, three for the magnitudes of the moments of inertia, and three for the directions of the principal axes, nine independent adjustments, which may be distributed as we please among the screws of the instrument.
Figure: Figure 6 The form of the body of the instrument which I have found most suitable is that of a bell (fig. 6). $C$ is a hollow cone of brass, $R$ is a heavy ring cast in the same piece. Six screws, with heavy heads, $x$, $y$, $z$, $x'$, $y'$, $z'$, work horizontally in the ring, and three similar screws, $l$, $m$, $n$, work vertically through the ring at equal intervals. $AS$ is the axle of the instrument, $SS$ is a brass screw working in the upper part of the cone $C$, and capable of being firmly clamped by means of the nut $c$. $B$ is a cylindrical brass bob, which may be screwed up or down the axis, and fixed in its place by the nut $b$.
The lower extremity of the axle is a fine steel point, finished without emery, and afterwards hardened. It runs in a little agate cup set in the top of the pillar $P$. If any emery had been embedded in the steel, the cup would soon be worn out. The upper end of the axle has also a steel point by which it may be kept steady while spinning.
When the instrument is in use, a coloured disc is attached to the upper end of the axle.
It will be seen that there are eleven adjustments, nine screws in the brass ring, the axle screwing in the cone, and the bob screwing on the axle. The advantage of the last two adjustments is, that by them large alterations can be made, which are not possible by means of the small screws.
The first thing to be done with the instrument is, to make the steel point at the end of the axle coincide with the centre of gravity of the whole. This is done roughly by screwing the axle to the right place nearly, and then balancing the instrument on its point, and screwing the bob and the horizontal screws till the instrument will remain balanced in any position in which it is placed.
When this adjustment is carefully made, the rotation of the top has no tendency to shake the steel point in the agate cup, however irregular the motion may appear to be.
The next thing to be done, is to make one of the principal axes of the central ellipsoid coincide with the axle of the top.
To effect this, we must begin by spinning the top gently about its axle, steadying the upper part with the finger at first. If the axle is already a principal axis the top will continue to revolve about its axle when the finger is removed. If it is not, we observe that the top begins to spin about some other axis, and the axle moves away from the centre of motion and then back to it again, and so on, alternately widening its circles and contracting them.
It is impossible to observe this motion successfully, without the aid of the coloured disc placed near the upper end of the axis. This disc is divided into sectors, and strongly coloured, so that each sector may be recognised by its colour when in rapid motion. If the axis about which the top is really revolving, falls within this disc, its position may be ascertained by the colour of the spot at the centre of motion. If the central spot appears red, we know that the invariable axis at that instant passes through the red part of the disc.
In this way we can trace the motion of the invariable axis in the revolving body, and we find that the path which it describes upon the disc may be a circle, an ellipse, an hyperbola, or a straight line, according to the arrangement of the instrument.
In the case in which the invariable axis coincides at first with the axle of the top, and returns to it after separating from it for a time, its true path is a circle or an ellipse having the axle in its circumference. The true principal axis is at the centre of the closed curve. It must be made to coincide with the axle by adjusting the vertical screws $l$, $m$, $n$.
Suppose that the colour of the centre of motion, when farthest from the axle, indicated that the axis of rotation passed through the sector $L$, then the principal axis must also lie in that sector at half the distance from the axle.
If this principal axis be that of greatest moment of inertia, we must raise the screw $l$ in order to bring it nearer the axle $A$. If it be the axis of least moment we must lower the screw $l$. In this way we may make the principal axis coincide with the axle. Let us suppose that


F. zygomatique.] (Anat.)
 Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the zygoma.

Zygomatic arch, the arch of bone beneath the orbit, formed in most mammals by the union of the malar, or jugal, with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone. In the lower vertebrates other bones may help to form it, and there may be two arches on each side of the skull, as in some reptiles. -- Zygomatic process, a process of the temporal or squamosal bone helping to form the zygomatic arch.

 { Zyg'o*mor"phic (?), Zyg'o*mor"phous (?), } a. [Gr. zygo'n a yoke + &?; form.] (Biol.) Symmetrical bilaterally; -- said of organisms, or parts of organisms, capable of division into two symmetrical halves only in a single plane.

 Zyg"o*phyte (?), n. [Gr. zygo'n a yoke + fyto'n a plant.] (Bot.)
 Any plant of a proposed class or grand division (Zygophytes, Zygophyta, or Zygosporeæ), in which reproduction consists in the union of two similar cells. Cf. Oöphyte.

 ||Zy*go"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; balancing, fr. zygo'n yoke.] (Biol.) Same as Conjugation.

 Zyg"o*sperm (?), n. [Gr. zygo'n a yoke + E. sperm.] (Bot.)
 A spore formed by the union of the contents of two similar cells, either of the same or of distinct individual plants. Zygosperms are found in certain orders of algæ and fungi.

 Zyg"o*sphene (?), n. [Gr. zygo'n a yoke + &?; a wedge.] (Anat.)
 A median process on the front part of the neural arch of the vertebræ of most snakes and some lizards, which fits into a fossa, called the zygantrum, on the back part of the arch in front.

 Zyg"o*spore (?), n. [Gr. zygo'n a yoke + E. spore.] (Bot.)
(a) Same as Zygosperm. (b) A spore formed by the union of several zoöspores; -- called also zygozoöspore.

 Zy"lon*ite (?), n. [Gr. &?; wood.] Celluloid.

 Zym"ase (?), n. [From Zyme.] (Physiol. Chem.) A soluble ferment, or enzyme. See Enzyme.

 Zyme (?), n. [Gr. &?; leaven.]

1. A ferment.

2. (Med.) The morbific principle of a zymotic disease. Quain.
 Zym"ic (?), a. (Old Chem.) Pertaining to, or produced by, fermentation; -- formerly, by confusion, used to designate lactic acid.

 Zym"o*gen (?), n. [Zyme + - gen.] (Physiol. Chem.)
 A mother substance, or antecedent, of an enzyme or chemical ferment; -- applied to such substances as, not being themselves actual ferments, may by internal changes give rise to a ferment.

 The pancreas contains but little ready-made ferment, though there is present in it a body, zymogen, which gives birth to the ferment.

Foster.
 Zym"o*gene (?), n. [Zyme + root of Gr. &?; to be born.]
 (Biol.) One of a physiological group of globular bacteria which produces fermentations of diverse nature; -- distinguished from pathogene.

 Zym'o*gen"ic (?), a. (Biol.) (a) Pertaining to, or formed by, a zymogene. (b) Capable of producing a definite zymogen or ferment.

Zymogenic organism (Biol.), a microörganism, such as the yeast plant of the Bacterium lactis, which sets up certain fermentative processes by which definite chemical products are formed; -- distinguished from a pathogenic organism. Cf. Micrococcus.

 { Zy'mo*log"ic (?), Zy'mo*log"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. zymologique.]
 Of or pertaining to zymology.

 Zy*mol"o*gist (?), n. One who is skilled in zymology, or in the fermentation of liquors.

 Zy*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Zyme + - logy: cf. F. zymologie.]
 A treatise on the fermentation of liquors, or the doctrine of fermentation. [Written also zumology.]

 Zy"mome (?), n. [Gr. &?; a fermented mixture.] (Old Chem.)
 A glutinous substance, insoluble in alcohol, resembling legumin; -- now called vegetable fibrin, vegetable albumin, or gluten casein.

 { Zy*mom"e*ter (?), Zy'mo*sim"e*ter (?), } n. [Gr. &?; ferment, or &?; fermentation + - meter: cf. F. zymosimètre.]
 An instrument for ascertaining the degree of fermentation occasioned by the mixture of different liquids, and the degree of heat which they acquire in fermentation.

 Zym"o*phyte (?), n. [Zyme + Gr. fyto'n a plant.] (Physiol.
 Chem.) A bacteroid ferment.

 Zy*mose" (?), n. (Chem.) Invertin.

 ||Zy*mo"sis, n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; fermentation, fr. &?; ferment.] (Med.) (a) A fermentation; hence, an analogous process by which an infectious disease is believed to be developed. (b) A zymotic disease. [R.]

 Zy*mot"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; causing to ferment, fr. &?; to ferment, &?; ferment, leaven.]

1. Of, pertaining to, or caused by, fermentation.

2. (Med.) Designating, or pertaining to, a certain class of diseases. See Zymotic disease, below.

Zymotic disease (Med.), any epidemic, endemic, contagious, or sporadic affection which is produced by some morbific principle or organism acting on the system like a ferment.

 Zy"them (?), n. See Zythum.

 Zy*thep"sa*ry (?), n. [Gr. &?; a kind of beer + &?; to boil.] A brewery. [R.]

 ||Zy"thum (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; a kind of beer; -- so called by the Egyptians.] A kind of ancient malt beverage; a liquor made from malt and wheat. [Written also zythem.]

 ================================================================ 1913 Supplementary Section: "New Words" ================================================================== A.

 ||A*ba"si*a (?), n. [NL.; Gr. &?;- not + &?; a step.] (Med.)
 Inability to coördinate muscular actions properly in walking. -- A*ba"sic (#), a.
 ||Ab"ge*ord'ne*ten*haus' (?), n. [G.] See Legislature, Austria, Prussia.

 ||A"bra (?), n. [Sp., a bay, valley, fissure.] A narrow pass or defile; a break in a mesa; the mouth of a cañon. [Southwestern U.
 S.]

 Ab're*ac"tion (?), n. [Pref. ab- + reaction, after G.
 Abreagirung.] (Psychotherapy) See Catharsis, below.

 Ac'cla*ma"tion, n. In parliamentary usage, the act or method


Especially used of hardware brought down by a 'power glitch' (see glitch), drop-outs, a short, or some other electrical event. (Sometimes this literally happens to electronic circuits!
In particular, resistors can burn out and transformers can melt down, emitting noxious smoke -- see friode, SED and LER. However, this term is also used metaphorically.) Compare frotzed.
2. [common] Of people, exhausted. Said particularly of those who continue to work in such a state. Often used as an explanation or excuse. "Yeah, I know that fix destroyed the file system, but I was fried when I put it in." Esp. common in conjunction with 'brain': "My brain is fried today, I'm very short on sleep."
Node:frink, Next:friode, Previous:fried, Up:= F = frink /frink/ v. The unknown ur-verb, fill in your own meaning. Found esp. on the Usenet newsgroup alt.fan.lemurs, where it is said that the lemurs know what 'frink' means, but they aren't telling.
Compare gorets.
Node:friode, Next:fritterware, Previous:frink, Up:= F = friode /fri:'ohd/ n.
[TMRC] A reversible (that is, fused or blown) diode. Compare fried; see also SED, LER.
Node:fritterware, Next:frob, Previous:friode, Up:= F = fritterware n. An excess of capability that serves no productive end. The canonical example is font-diddling software on the Mac (see macdink); the term describes anything that eats huge amounts of time for quite marginal gains in function but seduces people into using it anyway. See also window shopping.
Node:frob, Next:frobnicate, Previous:fritterware, Up:= F = frob /frob/ 1. n.
[MIT; very common] The TMRC definition was "FROB = a protruding arm or trunnion"; by metaphoric extension, a 'frob' is any random small thing; an object that you can comfortably hold in one hand; something you can frob (sense 2). See frobnitz.
2. vt. Abbreviated form of frobnicate. 3. [from the MUD world] A command on some MUDs that changes a player's experience level (this can be used to make wizards); also, to request wizard privileges on the 'professional courtesy' grounds that one is a wizard elsewhere. The command is actually 'frobnicate' but is universally abbreviated to the shorter form.
Node:frobnicate, Next:frobnitz, Previous:frob, Up:= F = frobnicate /frob'ni-kayt/ vt.
[Poss. derived from frobnitz, and usually abbreviated to frob, but 'frobnicate' is recognized as the official full form.] To manipulate or adjust, to tweak. One frequently frobs bits or other 2-state devices. Thus: "Please frob the light switch" (that is, flip it), but also "Stop frobbing that clasp; you'll break it". One also sees the construction 'to frob a frob'. See tweak and twiddle.
Usage: frob, twiddle, and tweak sometimes connote points along a continuum. 'Frob' connotes aimless manipulation; 'twiddle' connotes gross manipulation, often a coarse search for a proper setting; 'tweak' connotes fine-tuning. If someone is turning a knob on an oscilloscope, then if he's carefully adjusting it, he is probably tweaking it; if he is just turning it but looking at the screen, he is probably twiddling it; but if he's just doing it because turning a knob is fun, he's frobbing it. The variant 'frobnosticate' has been recently reported.
Node:frobnitz, Next:frog, Previous:frobnicate, Up:= F = frobnitz /frob'nits/, pl. 'frobnitzem' /frob'nit-zm/ or 'frobni' /frob'ni:/ n.
[TMRC] An unspecified physical object, a widget. Also refers to electronic black boxes. This rare form is usually abbreviated to 'frotz', or more commonly to frob.
Also used are 'frobnule' (/frob'n[y]ool/) and 'frobule' (/frob'yool/). Starting perhaps in 1979, 'frobozz' /fr*-boz'/ (plural: 'frobbotzim' /fr*-bot'zm/) has also become very popular, largely through its exposure as a name via Zork. These variants can also be applied to nonphysical objects, such as data structures.
Pete Samson, compiler of the original TMRC lexicon, adds, "Under the TMRC [railroad] layout were many storage boxes, managed (in 1958) by David R. Sawyer. Several had fanciful designations written on them, such as 'Frobnitz Coil Oil'. Perhaps DRS intended Frobnitz to be a proper name, but the name was quickly taken for the thing". This was almost certainly the origin of the term.
Node:frog, Next:frogging, Previous:frobnitz, Up:= F = frog alt. 'phrog' 1. interj. Term of disgust (we seem to have a lot of them). 2.
Used as a name for just about anything. See foo. 3. n. Of things, a crock. 4. n. Of people, somewhere in between a turkey and a toad. 5. 'froggy': adj.
Similar to bagbiting, but milder.
"This froggy program is taking forever to run!"
Node:frogging, Next:front end, Previous:frog, Up:= F = frogging [University of Waterloo] v.
1. Partial corruption of a text file or input stream by some bug or consistent glitch, as opposed to random events like line noise or media failures. Might occur, for example, if one bit of each incoming character on a tty were stuck, so that some characters were correct and others were not. See terminak for a historical example and compare dread high-bit disease. 2. By extension, accidental display of text in a mode where the output device emits special symbols or mnemonics rather than conventional ASCII. This often happens, for example, when using a terminal or comm program on a device like an IBM PC with a special 'high-half' character set and with the bit-parity assumption wrong. A hacker sufficiently familiar with ASCII bit patterns might be able to read the display anyway.
Node:front end, Next:frotz, Previous:frogging, Up:= F = front end n.
1. An intermediary computer that does set-up and filtering for another (usually more powerful but less friendly) machine (a 'back end'). 2. What you're talking to when you have a conversation with someone who is making replies without paying attention. "Look at the dancing elephants!" "Uh-huh." "Do you know what I just said?" "Sorry, you were talking to the front end." 3. Software that provides an interface to another program 'behind' it, which may not be as user-friendly. Probably from analogy with hardware front-ends (see sense 1) that interfaced with mainframes.
Node:frotz, Next:frotzed, Previous:front end, Up:= F = frotz /frots/ 1. n. See frobnitz. 2. 'mumble frotz': An interjection of mildest disgust.
Node:frotzed, Next:frowney, Previous:frotz, Up:= F = frotzed /frotst/ adj.
down because of hardware problems.
Compare fried. A machine that is merely frotzed may be fixable without replacing parts, but a fried machine is more seriously damaged.
Node:frowney, Next:FRS, Previous:frotzed, Up:= F = frowney n.
(alt. 'frowney face') See emoticon.
Node:FRS, Next:fry, Previous:frowney, Up:= F = FRS // n.,obs.
Abbreviation for "Freely Redistributable Software" which entered general use on the Internet in 1995 after years of low-level confusion over what exactly to


; a postulate.

 Therefore, leaving the principles of the doctrine of Christ, let us go on unto perfection.

Heb. vi. 1.
 A good principle, not rightly understood, may prove as hurtful as a bad.

Milton.
5. A settled rule of action; a governing law of conduct; an opinion or belief which exercises a directing influence on the life and behavior; a rule (usually, a right rule) of conduct consistently directing one's actions; as, a person of no principle.

 All kinds of dishonesty destroy our pretenses to an honest principle of mind.

Law.
6. (Chem.) Any original inherent constituent which characterizes a substance, or gives it its essential properties, and which can usually be separated by analysis; -- applied especially to drugs, plant extracts, etc.

 Cathartine is the bitter, purgative principle of senna.

Gregory.
Bitter principle, Principle of contradiction, etc. See under Bitter, Contradiction, etc.

 Prin"ci*ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Principled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Principling (?).] To equip with principles; to establish, or fix, in certain principles; to impress with any tenet, or rule of conduct, good or ill.

 Governors should be well principled.

L'Estrange.
 Let an enthusiast be principled that he or his teacher is inspired.

Locke.
 { Prin"cock (?), Prin"cox (?), } n. [Prim + cock.] A coxcomb; a pert boy. [Obs.]

 Prink (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prinked (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Prinking.] [Probably a nasalized form of prick.
 See Prick, v. t., and cf. Prig, Prank.] To dress or adjust one's self for show; to prank.

 Prink, v. t. To prank or dress up; to deck fantastically. "And prink their hair with daisies." Cowper.
 Prink"er (?), n. One who prinks.

 Prin"prid'dle (?), n. (Zoöl.) The long-tailed titmouse.
 [Prov. Eng.]

 Print (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Printed; p. pr. & vb. n. Printing.] [Abbrev. fr. imprint. See Imprint, and Press to squeeze.] 1. To fix or impress, as a stamp, mark, character, idea, etc., into or upon something.

 A look will print a thought that never may remove.

Surrey.
 Upon his breastplate he beholds a dint, Which in that field young Edward's sword did print.

Sir John Beaumont.
 Perhaps some footsteps printed in the clay.

Roscommon.
2. To stamp something in or upon; to make an impression or mark upon by pressure, or as by pressure.

 Forth on his fiery steed betimes he rode, That scarcely prints the turf on which he trod.

Dryden.
3. Specifically: To strike off an impression or impressions of, from type, or from stereotype, electrotype, or engraved plates, or the like; in a wider sense, to do the typesetting, presswork, etc., of (a book or other publication); as, to print books, newspapers, pictures; to print an edition of a book.

4. To stamp or impress with colored figures or patterns; as, to print calico.

5. (Photog.) To take (a copy, a positive picture, etc.), from a negative, a transparent drawing, or the like, by the action of light upon a sensitized surface.

Printed goods, textile fabrics printed in patterns, especially cotton cloths, or calicoes.

 Print, v. i. 1. To use or practice the art of typography; to take impressions of letters, figures, or electrotypes, engraved plates, or the like.

2. To publish a book or an article.

 From the moment he prints, he must except to hear no more truth.

Pope.
 Print, n. [See Print, v., Imprint, n.] 1. A mark made by impression; a line, character, figure, or indentation, made by the pressure of one thing on another; as, the print of teeth or nails in flesh; the print of the foot in sand or snow.

 Where print of human feet was never seen.

Dryden.
2. A stamp or die for molding or impressing an ornamental design upon an object; as, a butter print.

3. That which receives an impression, as from a stamp or mold; as, a print of butter.

4. Printed letters; the impression taken from type, as to excellence, form, size, etc.; as, small print; large print; this line is in print.

5. That which is produced by printing. Specifically: (a) An impression taken from anything, as from an engraved plate. "The prints which we see of antiquities." Dryden. (b) A printed publication, more especially a newspaper or other periodical. Addison.
(c) A printed cloth; a fabric figured by stamping, especially calico or cotton cloth. (d) A photographic copy, or positive picture, on prepared paper, as from a negative, or from a drawing on transparent paper.

6. (Founding) A core print. See under Core.

Blue print, a copy in white lines on a blue ground, of a drawing, plan, tracing, etc., or a positive picture in blue and white, from a negative, produced by photographic printing on peculiarly prepared paper.
 -- In print. (a) In a printed form; issued from the press; published. Shak. (b) To the letter; with accurateness. "All this I speak in print." Shak. -- Out of print. See under Out. -- Print works, a factory where cloth, as calico, is printed.

 Print"a-ble (?), a. Worthy to be published. [R.]

 Print"er (?), n. One who prints; especially, one who prints books, newspapers, engravings, etc., a compositor; a typesetter; a pressman.

Printer's devil, Printer's gauge. See under Devil, and Gauge.
 -- Printer's ink. See Printing ink, below.

 Print"er*y (?), n. A place where cloth is printed; print works; also, a printing office. [R.]

 Print"ing, n. The act, art, or practice of impressing letters, characters, or figures on paper, cloth, or other material; the business of a printer, including typesetting and presswork, with their adjuncts; typography; also, the act of producing photographic prints.

Block printing. See under Block. -- Printing frame (Photog.), a shallow box, usually having a glass front, in which prints are made by exposure to light. -- Printing house, a printing office. -- Printing ink, ink used in printing books, newspapers, etc. It is composed of lampblack or ivory black mingled with linseed or nut oil, made thick by boiling and burning. Other ingredients are employed for the finer qualities. Ure. -- Printing office, a place where books, pamphlets, or newspapers, etc., are printed. -- Printing paper, paper used in the printing of books, pamphlets, newspapers, and the like, as distinguished from writing paper, wrapping paper, etc. -- Printing press, a press for printing, books, newspaper, handbills, etc. -- Printing wheel, a wheel with letters or figures on its periphery, used in machines for paging or numbering, or in ticket-printing machines, typewriters, etc.; a type wheel.

 Print"less, a. Making no imprint. Milton.
 Print"less, a. Making no imprint. Milton.
 Print"shop',


lightly over, as with a brush.

 Some spread their sailes, some with strong oars sweep The waters smooth, and brush the buxom wave. Fairfax.
Brushed with the kiss of rustling wings. Milton.
3. To remove or gather by brushing, or by an act like that of brushing, or by passing lightly over, as wind; -- commonly with off.

 As wicked dew as e'er my mother brushed With raven's feather from unwholesome fen. Shak.
 And from the boughts brush off the evil dew. Milton.
To brush aside, to remove from one's way, as with a brush. -- To brush away, to remove, as with a brush or brushing motion. -- To brush up, to paint, or make clean or bright with a brush; to cleanse or improve; to renew.

 You have commissioned me to paint your shop, and I have done my best to brush you up like your neighbors. Pope.
 Brush, v. i. To move nimbly in haste; to move so lightly as scarcely to be perceived; as, to brush by.

 Snatching his hat, he brushed off like the wind. Goldsmith.
 Brush"er (&?;), n. One who, or that which, brushes.

 Brush"i*ness (&?;), n. The quality of resembling a brush; brushlike condition; shagginess. Dr. H. More.
 Brush"ing, a. 1. Constructed or used to brush with; as a brushing machine.

2. Brisk; light; as, a brushing gallop.

 Brush"ite (&?;), n. [From George J. Brush, an American mineralogist.] (Min.) A white or gray crystalline mineral consisting of the acid phosphate of calcium.

 Brush" tur'key (&?;). (Zoöl.) A large, edible, gregarious bird of Australia (Talegalla Lathami) of the family Megapodidæ.
 Also applied to several allied species of New Guinea.

 The brush turkeys live in the "brush," and construct a common nest by collecting a large heap of decaying vegetable matter, which generates heat sufficient to hatch the numerous eggs (sometimes half a bushel) deposited in it by the females of the flock.

 Brush" wheel' (&?;). 1. A wheel without teeth, used to turn a similar one by the friction of bristles or something brushlike or soft attached to the circumference.

2. A circular revolving brush used by turners, lapidaries, silversmiths, etc., for polishing.

 Brush"wood (&?;), n. 1. Brush; a thicket or coppice of small trees and shrubs.

2. Small branches of trees cut off.

 Brush"y, a. Resembling a brush; shaggy; rough.

 Brusk (&?;), a. Same as Brusque.

 Brusque (&?;), a. [F. brusque, from It. brusco brusque, tart, sour, perh. fr. L. (vitis) labrusca wild (vine); or cf. OHG. bruttisc grim, fr. brutti terror.] Rough and prompt in manner; blunt; abrupt; bluff; as, a brusque man; a brusque style.

 Brusque"ness, n. Quality of being brusque; roughness joined with promptness; bluntness. Brit. Quar.
 Brus"sels (&?;), n. A city of Belgium, giving its name to a kind of carpet, a kind of lace, etc.

Brussels carpet, a kind of carpet made of worsted yarn fixed in a foundation web of strong linen thread. The worsted, which alone shows on the upper surface in drawn up in loops to form the pattern. -- Brussels ground, a name given to the handmade ground of real Brussels lace. It is very costly because of the extreme fineness of the threads. -- Brussels lace, an expensive kind of lace of several varieties, originally made in Brussels; as, Brussels point, Brussels ground, Brussels wire ground. -- Brussels net, an imitation of Brussels ground, made by machinery. -- Brussels point. See Point lace. -- Brussels sprouts (Bot.), a plant of the Cabbage family, which produces, in the axils of the upright stem, numerous small green heads, or "sprouts," each a cabbage in miniature, of one or two inches in diameter; the thousand-headed cabbage. -- Brussels wire ground, a ground for lace, made of silk, with meshes partly straight and partly arched.

 Brus"tle (&?;), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Brustled (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Brustling (&?;).] [OE. brustlien and brastlien, AS. brastlian, fr. berstan to burst, akin to G. prasseln to crackle. See Burst, v. i.] 1. To crackle; to rustle, as a silk garment. [Obs.] Gower.
2. To make a show of fierceness or defiance; to bristle. [Obs.]

To brustle up, to bristle up. [Obs.] Otway.
 Brus"tle, n. A bristle. [Obs. or Prov.] Chaucer.
 Brut (&?;), v. i. [F. brouter, OF. brouster. See Browse, n.] To browse. [Obs.] Evelyn.
 Brut, n. (Zoöl.) See Birt.

 ||Bru"ta (&?;), n. [NL., neuter pl., fr. L. brutus heavy, stupid.] (Zoöl.) See Edentata.

 Bru"tal (&?;), a. [Cf. F. brutal. See Brute, a.]
 1. Of or pertaining to a brute; as, brutal nature. "Above the rest of brutal kind." Milton.
2. Like a brute; savage; cruel; inhuman; brutish; unfeeling; merciless; gross; as, brutal manners. "Brutal intemperance."
 Macaulay.
 Bru"tal*ism (&?;), n. Brutish quality; brutality.

 Bru*tal"i*ty (&?;), n.; pl. Brutalities (&?;).
 [Cf. F. brutalité.] 1. The quality of being brutal; inhumanity; savageness; pitilessness.

2. An inhuman act.

 The... brutalities exercised in war. Brougham.
 Bru'tal*i*za"tion (&?;), n. The act or process of making brutal; state of being brutalized.

 Bru"tal*ize (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brutalized (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Brutalizing.] [Cf. F. brutaliser.] To make brutal; beasty; unfeeling; or inhuman.

 Bru"tal*ize, v. i. To become brutal, inhuman, barbarous, or coarse and beasty. [R.]

 He mixed... with his countrymen, brutalized with them in their habits and manners. Addison.
 Bru"tal*ly, adv. In a brutal manner; cruelly.

 Brute (brt), a. [F. brut, nasc., brute, fem., raw, rough, rude, brutish, L. brutus stupid, irrational: cf. It. & Sp. bruto.] 1. Not having sensation; senseless; inanimate; unconscious; without intelligence or volition; as, the brute earth; the brute powers of nature.

2. Not possessing reason, irrational; unthinking; as, a brute beast; the brute creation.

 A creature... not prone And brute as other creatures, but endued With sanctity of reason. Milton.
3. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of, a brute beast. Hence: Brutal; cruel; fierce; ferocious; savage


entire block.
The first church building in Yerba Buena (as San Francisco was formerly called) was the First Presbyterian Church on the west side of Powell near Washington. It was built in 1849 of hand-hewn timbers from Oregon.
Upon the erection of the First Methodist Church it was moved to the rear and used as a Sunday school. John Truebody constructed it.
In this immediate neighborhood were many a frame building that had been brought around the Horn "in the knocked down state."
Powell street, from Clay to North Beach, was graded in 1854. It and Stockton street to the east, from Sacramento street north to Green street, were lined with neat homes and was then considered the fashionable residence section of the city, while on Powell street were three churches.
The streets in those days were all planked. Beyond Mason streets ran the trail westward to the Presidio, past scattered cottages, sheds, dairies and vegetable gardens.
On the east side of Stockton street, between Sacramento and Clay streets, stood the old Pioche residence, wherein were given many lavish entertainments, for its owner was an epicure and hospitable to a degree.
He was a heavy speculator and at one time possessed of much property.
His death was a mystery and has never been solved. During the '90's his home was used as the Chinese consulate.
On the west side of Taylor street at the corner of Sacramento street stood the home of Capt. J. B. Thomas, after occupied by Addison E. Head, while on the corner of Clay I had my grocery business, living on the next block, between Clay and Washington, No. 1211. Win. T. Coleman, the leader of the Vigilance Committee, lived on the corner of Washington street; this house was built by W. F. Walton, and occupied in turn by S. C. Hastings, Wm. T. Coleman and D. M. Delmas, all men of prominence, while on the next corner stood the home of my old friend, Gross, who came across the plains with me in 1849. In later days, Mr. Chilion Beach resided there.
On the east side at the southeast corner of Washington, stood the J. B. Haggin home, while on the northeast corner stood that of the Beavers, and at the corner of Jackson, the Tevis.' In this neighborhood also lived Ina D. Coolbrith, whose home was the center of the literary genius of the State, amongst them being Bret Harte, Joaquin Miller, and Charles Warren Stoddard. Josiah Stanford, a brother of Leland Stanford, lived on the south side of Jackson street, just below the Tevis home.
Here is as good a place as any to give my readers a short account of the Clay Street Hill Underground Cable Railroad, which operated on Clay street from Leavenworth to Kearny streets, a distance of seven blocks, and at an elevation of 307 feet above the starting point. The cable car was the invention of Mr. A. S. Hallidie, who organized the company which built the line. This was the first time that the application of an underground cable was ever used to move street cars, and on August 1, 1873, the first run up the Clay street hill from Kearny to Leavenworth street, was made, and by September 1st the road was in operation. It was a wonderful exhibition, and half the town was there to witness it. Many were in doubt as to the success of the enterprise. The company required the property holders on the hill to subscribe and donate towards the expense, which they did. The writer owning some property there at that time, gave $100.00 to further the enterprise. This was in 1872. An interested Chinese watched the moving cars and remarked: "No pushee, no pullee, go like hellee."
The California Street Railroad Company used the same device. This line was operated along California street from Kearny to Fillmore and first operated April 9, 1878. It was afterwards extended eastward to Drumm and Market streets and westward to Central Avenue. The Sutter Street R. R. Co. was in operation January 27, 1877, and the Geary street line, February 16, 1880. Cable cars were also operated over Sacramento and Washington streets as well as over Powell at later dates.
[1] A few words might be said concerning the principals of this trouble.
King, whose name was James King (before coming to California he had added "of William" so as to distinguish himself from others of that name), came to California November 10th, 1848, engaged in mining and mercantile pursuits and in December 1849 engaged in the banking business in San Francisco. In 1854 he merged with Adams & Co. Shortly afterwards they failed, and he lost everything he possessed. Through the financial backing of his friends, he started the "Daily Evening Bulletin," October 8th, 1855, a small four-page sheet about 10 x 15 inches in size. He was fearless in his editorials, but always within the bounds of right and justice, and took a strong position against corruption of the city officials and their means of election. His paper grew in circulation and size, and soon outstripped all the other papers combined. November 17th, 1855, the Cora and Richardson affair held the attention of the public, and King in his fearlessness inflamed the population into taking matters into their own hands after the Courts had failed to convict. And by his so doing had aroused an enmity, and determination from the lawless element to stop his utterances, even at the cost of his life, so when he attacked in his paper, one James P. Casey, a lawless character, gambler and ballot box manipulator and Supervisor, as having served an eighteen-months sentence in Sing Sing, N. Y., before coming to California, who also published a paper, "The Sunday Times," it brought matters to a crisis, for Casey taking offense at this and other attacks on his ilk, shot King on the evening of May 14, 1856. The shooting of King was the cause of the formation of the Vigilance Committee of 1856 and the direct means of cleaning the city of the corruptness that had had swing for so many years.—[Editor.]
[2] Two of the unused cartridges of Mr. Woolley's, at the end of the troublous time of the Vigilance committee, are to be seen in the Oakland Public Museum.—[Editor.]
[3] A large number of the citizens of San Francisco interested themselves toward caring and providing for the family of the deceased, Mr. King, and through the efforts of Mr. F. W. Macondray and six others, collected nearly $36,000. They had erected a monument in Lone Mountain Cemetery, supported the family, and in 1868 the money which, had by judicious investment amounted to nearly $40,000, about half of this fund, was turned over to the elder children, leaving $22,000 on deposit, but this, through the bank's failure, netted the family only $15,000.
[4] The body of James King, of William, was buried In Lone Mountain Cemetery, that of James P. Casey in Mission Dolores Cemetery, by the members of Crescent Engine Company No. 10, of which he was foreman, while that of Charles Cora was delivered to Belle Cora and its final resting place is unknown to this day, though it has been stated that she had it buried in Mission Dolores Cemetery.—[Editor.]
[5] His body was interred in Mission Dolores Cemetery.—[Editor.]
[6] The name of this "Betsy Ross" has been lost, though Mr. Connell probably knew it at the time. The flag, except for the blue field, is badly faded.—[Editor.]


God. Yes, this is the name that shall be written on you; this is the name that shall be read on you of all who shall see you in heaven; this name that Emmanuel pronounced over Mansoul that day from His ascending chariot-steps, a very Spectacle of wonder, and a very Monument of the mercy and the grace of God.

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