Too much manuring filled that field with weeds.

Denham.
 The word has no definite application to any particular plant, or species of plants. Whatever plants grow among corn or grass, in hedges, or elsewhere, and are useless to man, injurious to crops, or unsightly or out of place, are denominated weeds.

3. Fig.: Something unprofitable or troublesome; anything useless.

4. (Stock Breeding) An animal unfit to breed from.

5. Tobacco, or a cigar. [Slang] Weed hook, a hook used for cutting away or extirpating weeds. Tusser.
 Weed, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Weeded; p. pr. & vb. n.
 Weeding.] [AS. weódian. See 3d Weed.]

1. To free from noxious plants; to clear of weeds; as, to weed corn or onions; to weed a garden.

2. To take away, as noxious plants; to remove, as something hurtful; to extirpate. "Weed up thyme." Shak.
 Wise fathers... weeding from their children ill things.

Ascham.
 Revenge is a kind of wild justice, which the more man's nature runs to, the more ought law to weed it out.

Bacon.
3. To free from anything hurtful or offensive.

 He weeded the kingdom of such as were devoted to Elaiana.

Howell.
4. (Stock Breeding) To reject as unfit for breeding purposes.

 Weed"er (?), n. One who, or that which, weeds, or frees from anything noxious.

 Weed"er*y (?), n. Weeds, collectively; also, a place full of weeds or for growing weeds. [R.] Dr. H. More.
 Weed"ing, a. & n. from Weed, v. Weeding chisel, a tool with a divided chisel-like end, for cutting the roots of large weeds under ground. — Weeding forceps, an instrument for taking up some sorts of plants in weeding. — Weeding fork, a strong, three-pronged fork, used in clearing ground of weeds; — called also weeding iron. — Weeding hook. Same as Weed hook, under 3d Weed. — Weeding iron. See Weeding fork, above. — Weeding tongs. Same as Weeding forceps, above.

 Weed"ing-rhim' (?), n. [Cf. Prov. E. rim to remove.] A kind of implement used for tearing up weeds esp. on summer fallows. [Prov. Eng.]

 Weed"less, a. Free from weeds or noxious matter.

 Weed"y (?), a. [Compar. Weedier (?); superl. Weediest.]

1. Of or pertaining to weeds; consisting of weeds. "Weedy trophies." Shak.
2. Abounding with weeds; as, weedy grounds; a weedy garden; weedy corn.

 See from the weedy earth a rivulet break.

Bryant.
3. Scraggy; ill-shaped; ungainly; — said of colts or horses, and also of persons. [Colloq.]

 Weed"y, a. Dressed in weeds, or mourning garments. [R. or Colloq.]

 She was as weedy as in the early days of her mourning.

Dickens.
 Week (?), n. [OE. weke, wike, woke, wuke AS. weocu, wicu, wucu; akin to OS. wika, OFries. wike, D. week, G. woche, OHG. wohha, wehha, Icel. vika, Sw. vecka, Dan. uge, Goth.
 wik&?;, probably originally meaning, a succession or change, and akin to G. wechsel change, L. vicis turn, alternation, and E. weak. Cf. Weak.] A period of seven days, usually that reckoned from one Sabbath or Sunday to the next.

 I fast twice in the week.

Luke xviii. 12.
 Although it [the week] did not enter into the calendar of the Greeks, and was not introduced at Rome till after the reign of Theodesius, it has been employed from time immemorial in almost all Eastern countries. Encyc.
 Brit.
Feast of Weeks. See Pentecost, 1. — Prophetic week, a week of years, or seven years. Dan. ix. 24. — Week day. See under Day.

 Week"ly (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to a week, or week days; as, weekly labor.

2. Coming, happening, or done once a week; hebdomadary; as, a weekly payment; a weekly gazette.

 Week"ly, n.; pl. Weeklies (&?;). A publication issued once in seven days, or appearing once a week.

 Week"ly, adv. Once a week; by hebdomadal periods; as, each performs service weekly.

 Week"wam (?), n. See Wigwam. [R.]

 Weel (?), a. & adv. Well. [Obs. or Scot.]

 Weel, n. [AS. wl. √147.] A whirlpool. [Obs.]

 { Weel (?), Weel"y (?), }[Prov. E. weel, weal, a wicker basket to catch eels; prob. akin to willow, and so called as made of willow twigs.] A kind of trap or snare for fish, made of twigs. [Obs.]
 Carew.
 Ween (?), v. i. [OE. wenen, AS. w&?;nan, fr. w&?;n hope, expectation, opinion; akin to D. waan, OFries. w&?;n, OS. & OHG. wn, G. wahn delusion, Icel. vn hope, expectation, Goth. w&?;ns, and D. wanen to fancy, G. wähnen, Icel. vna to hope, Goth. w&?;njan, and perhaps to E. winsome, wish.] To think; to imagine; to fancy. [Obs. or Poetic] Spenser.
 Milton.
 I have lost more than thou wenest.

Chaucer.
 For well I ween, Never before in the bowers of light Had the form of an earthly fay been seen.

J. R. Drake.
 Though never a dream the roses sent Of science or love's compliment, I ween they smelt as sweet.

Mrs. Browning.
 Weep (?), n. (Zoöl.) The lapwing; the wipe; — so called from its cry.

 Weep, obs. imp. of Weep, for wept. Chaucer.
 Weep, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wept (?); p. pr. & vb.
 n. Weeping.] [OE. wepen, AS. w&?;pan, from w&?;p lamentation; akin to OFries. w&?;pa to lament, OS. w&?;p lamentation, OHG. wuof, Icel. &?;p a shouting, crying, OS. w&?;pian to lament, OHG. wuoffan, wuoffen, Icel. &?;pa, Goth. w&?;pjan. &?;&?;&?;&?;.]

1. Formerly, to express sorrow, grief, or anguish, by outcry, or by other manifest signs; in modern use, to show grief or other passions by shedding tears; to shed tears; to cry.

 And they all wept sore, and fell on Paul's neck.

Acts xx. 37.
 Phocion was rarely seen to weep or to laugh.

Mitford.
 And eyes that wake to weep.

Mrs. Hemans.


ery part, of milk, separated from the more thick or coagulable part, esp. in the process of making cheese. In this process, the thick part is called curd, and the thin part whey.

 Whey"ey (?), a. Of the nature of, or containing, whey; resembling whey; wheyish. Bacon.
 Whey"face' (?), n. One who is pale, as from fear.

 Whey"-faced' (?), a. Having a pale or white face, as from fright. "Whey-faced cavaliers." Aytoun.
 Whey"ish (?), a. Somewhat like whey; wheyey. J. Philips. — Whey"ish*ness, n. Which (?), pron. [OE. which, whilk, AS. hwilc, hwylc, hwelc, from the root of hw who + lc body; hence properly, of what sort or kind; akin to OS. hwilik which, OFries. hwelik, D. welk, G. welch, OHG. welh, hwelh, Icel. hvlkr, Dan. & Sw. hvilken, Goth. hwileiks, hw&?;leiks; cf. L. qualis. &?;&?;&?;&?;.
 See Who, and Like, a., and cf. Such.]

1. Of what sort or kind; what; what a; who. [Obs.]

 And which they weren and of what degree.

Chaucer.
2. A interrogative pronoun, used both substantively and adjectively, and in direct and indirect questions, to ask for, or refer to, an individual person or thing among several of a class; as, which man is it? which woman was it? which is the house? he asked which route he should take; which is best, to live or to die? See the Note under What, pron., 1.

Which of you convinceth me of sin?

John viii. 46.
3. A relative pronoun, used esp. in referring to an antecedent noun or clause, but sometimes with reference to what is specified or implied in a sentence, or to a following noun or clause (generally involving a reference, however, to something which has preceded). It is used in all numbers and genders, and was formerly used of persons.

 And when thou fail'st — as God forbid the hour! — Must Edward fall, which peril heaven forfend!

Shak.
 God... rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made.

Gen. ii. 2.
 Our Father, which art in heaven.

Matt. vi. 9.
 The temple of God is holy, which temple ye are.

1 Cor. iii. 17.
4. A compound relative or indefinite pronoun, standing for any one which, whichever, that which, those which, the ... which, and the like; as, take which you will.

The which was formerly often used for which. The expressions which that, which as, were also sometimes used by way of emphasis.

 Do not they blaspheme that worthy name by the which ye are called?

James ii. 7.
Which, referring to a series of preceding sentences, or members of a sentence, may have all joined to it adjectively. "All which, as a method of a proclamation, is very convenient." Carlyle.
 { Which*ev"er (?), Which'so*ev"er (?), } pron. & a. Whether one or another; whether one or the other; which; that one (of two or more) which; as, whichever road you take, it will lead you to town.

 Whid"ah bird' (?), (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of finchlike birds belonging to the genus Vidua, native of Asia and Africa. In the breeding season the male has very long, drooping tail feathers. Called also vida finch, whidah finch, whydah bird, whydah finch, widow bird, and widow finch.

 Some of the species are often kept as cage birds, especially Vidua paradisea, which is dark brownish above, pale buff beneath, with a reddish collar around the neck.

 Whid"er (?), adv. Whither. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Whiff (?), n. [OE. weffe vapor, whiff, probably of imitative origin; cf. Dan. vift a puff, gust, W. chwiff a whiff, puff.]

1. A sudden expulsion of air from the mouth; a quick puff or slight gust, as of air or smoke.

 But with the whiff and wind of his fell sword The unnerved father falls.

Shak.
 The skipper, he blew a whiff from his pipe, And a scornful laugh laughed he.

Longfellow.
2. A glimpse; a hasty view. [Prov. Eng.]

3. (Zoöl.) The marysole, or sail fluke.

 Whiff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whiffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whiffing.]

1. To throw out in whiffs; to consume in whiffs; to puff.

2. To carry or convey by a whiff, or as by a whiff; to puff or blow away.

 Old Empedocles,... who, when he leaped into Etna, having a dry, sear body, and light, the smoke took him, and whiffed him up into the moon.

B. Jonson.
 Whiff, v. i. To emit whiffs, as of smoke; to puff.

 Whif"fet (?), n. A little whiff or puff.

 Whiff"ing (?), n.
1. The act of one who, or that which, whiffs.

2. A mode of fishing with a hand line for pollack, mackerel, and the like.

 Whif"fle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Whiffled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whiffling (?).] [Freq. of whiff to puff, perhaps influenced by D. weifelen to waver.]

1. To waver, or shake, as if moved by gusts of wind; to shift, turn, or veer about. D&?;mpier.
2. To change from one opinion or course to another; to use evasions; to prevaricate; to be fickle.

 A person of whiffing and unsteady turn of mind can not keep close to a point of controversy.

I. Watts.
 Whif"fle, v. t.
1. To disperse with, or as with, a whiff, or puff; to scatter.
 [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
2. To wave or shake quickly; to cause to whiffle.

 Whif"fle, n. A fife or small flute. [Obs.] Douce.
 Whif"fler (?), n.
1. One who whiffles, or frequently changes his opinion or course; one who uses shifts and evasions in argument; hence, a trifler.

 Every whiffler in a laced coat who frequents the chocolate house shall talk of the constitution.

Swift.
2. One who plays on a whiffle; a fifer or piper. [Obs.]

3. An officer who went before procession to clear the way by blowing a horn, or otherwise; hence, any person who marched at the head of a procession; a harbinger.

 Which like a mighty whiffler 'fore the king, Seems to prepare his way.

Shak.
 "Whifflers, or fifers, generally went first in a procession, from which circumstance the name was transferred to other persons who succeeded to that


hence its popular name.]

 5 (return) [ The site originally chosen lay too low, and from the outset danger of inundation was foreseen. A flood occurred in 1779, and in 1784 the mission was removed to higher ground. The present buildings date from 1825-26.]

 6 (return) [ The original adobe church was injured by earthquakes in 1806 and 1812. The present edifice was begun in 1815 and finished in 1820.]

 7 (return) [ The table given by the French traveler, De Mofras, in his authoritative Exploration du Territoire de L'Oregon, les Californies, etc., shows us that the distance between mission and mission nowhere exceeded nineteen leagues, and that it was often very much less.]


. Consisting of eulogy or of invective. "Demonstrative eloquence." Blair.
Demonstrative pronoun (Gram.), a pronoun distinctly designating that to which it refers.

 De*mon"stra*tive, n. (Gram.) A demonstrative pronoun; as, "this" and "that" are demonstratives.

 De*mon"stra*tive*ly (?), adv. In a manner fitted to demonstrate; clearly; convincingly; forcibly.

 De*mon"stra*tive*ness, n. The state or quality of being demonstrative.

 Dem"on*stra'tor (?; 277), n. [L.: cf. F. démonstrateur.]
 1. One who demonstrates; one who proves anything with certainty, or establishes it by indubitable evidence.

2. (Anat.) A teacher of practical anatomy.

 De*mon"stra*to*ry (?), a. Tending to demonstrate; demonstrative. Johnson.
 De*mor"age (?; 48), n. Demurrage. [Obs.] Pepys (1663).
 De*mor'al*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. démoralisation.]
 The act of corrupting or subverting morals. Especially: The act of corrupting or subverting discipline, courage, hope, etc., or the state of being corrupted or subverted in discipline, courage, etc.; as, the demoralization of an army or navy.

 De*mor"al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Demoralized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Demoralizing.] [F. démoraliser; pref. dé- (L. disor de) + moraliser.
 See Moralize.] To corrupt or undermine in morals; to destroy or lessen the effect of moral principles on; to render corrupt or untrustworthy in morals, in discipline, in courage, spirit, etc.; to weaken in spirit or efficiency.

 The demoralizing example of profligate power and prosperous crime.

Walsh.
 The vices of the nobility had demoralized the army.

Bancroft.
 Dem'os*then"ic (?), a. [L. Demosthenicus: cf. F. Démosthénique.]
 Pertaining to, or in the style of, Demosthenes, the Grecian orator.

 De*mot"ic (?), a. [Gr. dhmotiko's, fr. dh^mos the people: cf. F. démotique.]
 Of or pertaining to the people; popular; common.

Demotic alphabet or character, a form of writing used in Egypt after six or seven centuries before Christ, for books, deeds, and other such writings; a simplified form of the hieratic character; -- called also epistolographic character, and enchorial character.
 See Enchorial.

 De*mount" (?), v. i. To dismount. [R.]

 Demp"ne (?) v. t. To damn; to condemn. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 { Demp"ster (?; 215), Dem"ster (?), } n. [See Deemster.] 1.
 A deemster.

2. (O. Scots Law) An officer whose duty it was to announce the doom or sentence pronounced by the court.

 De*mulce" (?), v. t. [L. demulcere; de- + mulcere to stroke, soothe.] To soothe; to mollify; to pacify; to soften. [R.] Sir T. Elyot.
 De*mul"cent (?), a. [L. demulcens, p. pr. of demulcere.]
 Softening; mollifying; soothing; assuasive; as, oil is demulcent.

 De*mul"cent, n. (Med.) A substance, usually of a mucilaginous or oily nature, supposed to be capable of soothing an inflamed nervous membrane, or protecting it from irritation. Gum Arabic, glycerin, olive oil, etc., are demulcents.

 De*mul"sion (?), n. The act of soothing; that which soothes. Feltham.
 De*mur" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Demurred (?); p. pr.
 & vb. n. Demurring.] [OF. demurer, demorer, demourer, to linger, stay, F. demeurer, fr. L. demorari; de- + morari to delay, tarry, stay, mora delay; prob. originally, time for thinking, reflection, and akin to memor mindful. See Memory.] 1. To linger; to stay; to tarry. [Obs.]

 Yet durst not demur nor abide upon the camp.

Nicols.
2. To delay; to pause; to suspend proceedings or judgment in view of a doubt or difficulty; to hesitate; to put off the determination or conclusion of an affair.

 Upon this rub, the English embassadors thought fit to demur.

Hayward.
3. To scruple or object; to take exception; as, I demur to that statement.

4. (Law) To interpose a demurrer. See Demurrer, 2.

 De*mur", v. t. 1. To suspend judgment concerning; to doubt of or hesitate about. [Obs.]

 The latter I demur, for in their looks Much reason, and in their actions, oft appears.

Milton.
2. To cause delay to; to put off. [Obs.]

 He demands a fee, And then demurs me with a vain delay.

Quarles.
 De*mur", n. [OF. demor, demore, stay, delay. See Demur, v. i.] Stop; pause; hesitation as to proceeding; suspense of decision or action; scruple.

 All my demurs but double his attacks; At last he whispers, "Do; and we go snacks."

Pope.
 De*mure" (?), a. [Perh. from OF. de murs (i. e., de bonnes murs of good manners); de of + murs, mours, meurs, mors, F. m&?;urs, fr. L. mores (sing. mos) manners, morals (see Moral); or more prob. fr. OF. meür, F. mûr mature, ripe (see Mature) in a phrase preceded by de, as de mûre conduite of mature conduct.] 1. Of sober or serious mien; composed and decorous in bearing; of modest look; staid; grave.

 Sober, steadfast, and demure.

Milton.
 Nan was very much delighted in her demure way, and that delight showed itself in her face and in her clear bright eyes.

W. Black.
2. Affectedly modest, decorous, or serious; making a show of gravity.

 A cat lay, and looked so demure, as if there had been neither life nor soul in her.

L'Estrange.
 Miss Lizzy, I have no doubt, would be as demure and coquettish, as if ten winters more had gone over her head.

Miss Mitford.
 De*mure", v. i. To look demurely. [Obs.] Shak.
 De*mure"ly, adv. In a demure manner; soberly; gravely; -- now, commonly, with a mere show of gravity or modesty.

 They... looked as demurely as they could; for 't was a hanging matter to laugh unseasonably.

Dryden.
 De*mure"ness (d*mr"ns), n. The state of being demure; gravity; the show of gravity or modesty.

 De*mur"i*ty (d*mr"*t), n. Demureness; also, one who is demure. Sir T. Browne.


or ways. Addison. -- To beat about the bush, to approach a subject circuitously. -- To beat up and down (Hunting), to run first one way and then another; -- said of a stag. -- To beat up for recruits, to go diligently about in order to get helpers or participators in an enterprise.

 Beat (&?;), n. 1. A stroke; a blow.

 He, with a careless beat, Struck out the mute creation at a heat. Dryden.
2. A recurring stroke; a throb; a pulsation; as, a beat of the heart; the beat of the pulse.

3. (Mus.) (a) The rise or fall of the hand or foot, marking the divisions of time; a division of the measure so marked. In the rhythm of music the beat is the unit. (b) A transient grace note, struck immediately before the one it is intended to ornament.

4. (Acoustics & Mus.) A sudden swelling or reënforcement of a sound, recurring at regular intervals, and produced by the interference of sound waves of slightly different periods of vibrations; applied also, by analogy, to other kinds of wave motions; the pulsation or throbbing produced by the vibrating together of two tones not quite in unison. See Beat, v. i., 8.

5. A round or course which is frequently gone over; as, a watchman's beat.

6. A place of habitual or frequent resort.

7. A cheat or swindler of the lowest grade; -- often emphasized by dead; as, a dead beat. [Low] Beat of drum (Mil.), a succession of strokes varied, in different ways, for particular purposes, as to regulate a march, to call soldiers to their arms or quarters, to direct an attack, or retreat, etc.
 -- Beat of a watch, or clock, the stroke or sound made by the action of the escapement. A clock is in beat or out of beat, according as the stroke is at equal or unequal intervals.

 Beat, a. Weary; tired; fatigued; exhausted. [Colloq.]

 Quite beat, and very much vexed and disappointed. Dickens.
 Beat"en (bt"'n; 95), a. 1. Made smooth by beating or treading; worn by use. "A broad and beaten way." Milton. "Beaten gold." Shak.
2. Vanquished; conquered; baffled.

3. Exhausted; tired out.

4. Become common or trite; as, a beaten phrase. [Obs.]

5. Tried; practiced. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
 Beat"er (bt"r), n. 1. One who, or that which, beats.

2. A person who beats up game for the hunters. Black.
 Beath (b), v. t. [AS. beðian to foment.] To bathe; also, to dry or heat, as unseasoned wood. [Obs.] Spenser.
 { Be'a*tif"ic (&?;), Be'a*tif"ic*al (&?;), } a. [Cf. F. béatifique, L. beatificus. See Beatify.] Having the power to impart or complete blissful enjoyment; blissful. "The beatific vision." South.
 -- Be'a*tif"ic*al*ly, adv.
 Be'a*tif"i*cate (&?;), v. t. To beatify. [Obs.] Fuller.
 Be*at'i*fi*ca"tion (&?;), n. [Cf. F. béatification.]
 The act of beatifying, or the state of being beatified; esp., in the R. C. Church, the act or process of ascertaining and declaring that a deceased person is one of "the blessed," or has attained the second degree of sanctity, -- usually a stage in the process of canonization. "The beatification of his spirit." Jer. Taylor.
 Be*at"i*fy (b*t"*f), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Beatified (-fd); p. pr. & vb. n. Beatifying.] [L. beatificare; beatus happy (fr. beare to bless, akin to bonus good) + facere to make: cf. F. béatifier. See Bounty.] 1. To pronounce or regard as happy, or supremely blessed, or as conferring happiness.

 The common conceits and phrases that beatify wealth. Barrow.
2. To make happy; to bless with the completion of celestial enjoyment. "Beatified spirits." Dryden.
3. (R. C. Ch.) To ascertain and declare, by a public process and decree, that a deceased person is one of "the blessed," and is to be reverenced as such, though not canonized.

 Beat"ing (&?;), n. 1. The act of striking or giving blows; punishment or chastisement by blows.

2. Pulsation; throbbing; as, the beating of the heart.

3. (Acoustics & Mus.) Pulsative sounds. See Beat, n.
4. (Naut.) The process of sailing against the wind by tacks in zigzag direction.

 Be*at"i*tude (&?;), n. [L. beatitudo: cf. F. béatitude.
 See Beatify.] 1. Felicity of the highest kind; consummate bliss.

2. Any one of the nine declarations (called the Beatitudes), made in the Sermon on the Mount (Matt. v. 3-12), with regard to the blessedness of those who are distinguished by certain specified virtues.

3. (R. C. Ch.) Beatification. Milman.
Syn. -- Blessedness; felicity; happiness.

 Beau (b), n.; pl. F. Beaux (E. pron. bz), E. Beaus (bz). [F., a fop, fr. beau fine, beautiful, fr. L. bellus pretty, fine, for bonulus, dim. of bonus good. See Bounty, and cf. Belle, Beauty.] 1. A man who takes great care to dress in the latest fashion; a dandy.

2. A man who escorts, or pays attentions to, a lady; an escort; a lover.

 Beau"catch'er (&?;), n. A small flat curl worn on the temple by women. [Humorous] Beau"fet (&?;), n. [See Buffet.] A niche, cupboard, or sideboard for plate, china, glass, etc.; a buffet.

 A beaufet... filled with gold and silver vessels. Prescott.
 Beau"fin (&?;), n. See Biffin. Wright.
 Beau" i*de"al (b" *d"al; 277). [F. beau beautiful + idéal ideal.] A conception or image of consummate beauty, moral or physical, formed in the mind, free from all the deformities, defects, and blemishes seen in actual existence; an ideal or faultless standard or model.

 Beau"ish (&?;), a. Like a beau; characteristic of a beau; foppish; fine. "A beauish young spark." Byrom.
 ||Beau' monde" (&?;). [F. beau fine + monde world.] The fashionable world; people of fashion and gayety. Prior.
 Beau"pere' (&?;), n. [F. beau pére; beau fair + pére father.] 1. A father. [Obs.] Wyclif.
2. A companion. [Obs.] Spenser.
 ||Beau'se'ant" (&?;), n. [F. beaucéant.] The black and white standard of the Knights Templars.

 Beau"ship (&?;), n. The state of being a beau; the personality of a beau. [Jocular] Dryden.
 Beau"te*ous (&?;), a. Full of beauty; beautiful; very handsome.
 [Mostly poetic] -- Beau"te*ous*ly, adv. -- Beau"te*ous*


20,000 Year Old Cave Paintings Foreword by the Editor This is a XHTML version of "French Cave Paintings", originally published by Project Gutenberg on April 1995 as e-text #249 and consisting of a set of documents available under the Generic Name of "cavepxxx.xxx".
These documents have been embedded together in this strictly valid (as of the time it was prepared) XHTML 1.0 document, thanks to which they can be viewed as a single multimedia document using any Web browser capable to render standard, well-formed HTML or XHTML files.
Complete, up-to-date, information about the Library Catalog Record referring to this work, and its past and possible future editions, can be found starting from the Project Gutenberg Web site, _URL_ Rome, November 2000.
CONTENTS Document: Cavep.eng Document: Cavep.fr List of Pictures (JPEG) JPEG Pictures chevo11.jpg mamot11.jpg gvpda11.jpg hyene11.jpg List of Pictures (GIF) GIF Pictures chevo11.gif mamot11.gif gvpda.gif hyene11.gif We are not sure Mr. Clottes wants to keep a copyright on these, or whether he wants to put them in the Public Domain; in either case, we would prefer not to jeopardize his rights, and we thus are preparing this release as if it were copyrighted in 1995.
The translation in the original message we received was: "All rights reserved" so we are presuming the copyright.
"Tous droits reserves" in the original French message... which is also included in this package and in English.
If you want to get permission to use these for more uses than a private one, we suggest you contact the Minstry of Culture.
Here is the permission statement we received in both French and English, and we are VERY glad to have received it on such short notice, and did not want to disturb things further by asking an additional time for more details.
Monsieur, Comme suite votre courrier ilectronique du 7 fivrier dernier, je vous informe que M. Jean Clottes, conseiller scientifique du sous-directeur de l'archiologie et auteur des quatre photographies et du texte sur la grotte ricemment dicouverte en Ardhche, a donni son autorisation pour l'utilisation de ses photographies dans le cadre du projet de CD-ROM Gutenberg.
Merci de ne pas oublier de mentionner son nom sur les documents publiis.
Sir, As per your email of February 7th, I informed Mr. Jean Clottes, Scientific Consul to the Deputy-Director of Archeology and author of the four photographs and the texts concerning the cave paintings discovered in Ardhche, to get his authorization for the utilization of his photographs by the staff of Project Gutenberg's CDROM.
Please do not forget to mention his name in the documents you publish.
, Mr. Jacques TOUBON.
Discovered during December 1994 at Vallon-Pont-d'Arc (Ardeche, France), the cave, composed of several spacious galleries and dens, is adorned with some 300 paleolithical paintings and engravings (dating 18,000 - 20,000 years before present time), which focus on a wide variety of animals including bears, owls, mammooths, rhinos and felines.
The cave has also retained several vestiges of human activities: fireplaces , entailed flints and other clues which denote an evolution in tools and habits. Totally left intact and untouched by any human intrusion throughout the ages, the cave represents and exceptional source of studies for archeologists.
In the wake of the artistical and archeological interest spawned by this thrilling discovery of national and international importance, the Director of Cultural Heritage has signed on January 13th the proceedings to classify the site. This urgency measure, taking effect immediately, confers the cave for one year the same statute and privileges which the historical monuments benefit.
In order to ensure the preservation and the security of the cave, the Prefect of Ardeche has also signed on January 13 a by-law prohibiting the access to the cavity.
Paris, January the 18th, 1995 < Contents < Document: Cavep.eng Project Gutenberg Document: Cavep.fr This is the original message we received in French.
This file should be named cavep.fr The English translation should be named cavep.eng Decouverte d'une grotte ornee paleolithique a Vallon-Pont-d'Arc (Ardeche) Cliches : Ministere de la culture et de la francophonie - Direction du Patrimoine Jean Clottes. Tous droits reserves.
Une decouverte archeologique d'une importance exceptionnelle vient d'intervenir dans les gorges de l'Ardeche, en limite du site naturel classe, en l'espece d'un vaste reseau souterrain orne d'un tres grand nombre de peintures et de gravures d'epoque paleolithique (vers 18000-20000 ans avant le present).
La decouverte est intervenue sur le territoire de la commune de Vallon-Pont-d'Arc, le 25 decembre dernier, dans le cadre d'une prospection archeologique autorisee au titre des dispositions de la loi validee du 27 septembre 1941 portant reglementation de la recherche archeologique de France. Elle est le fait de M. Jean-Marie Chauvet, agent de surveillance titulaire au sein du Service regional de l'archeologie (D.R.A.C Rhône-Alpes) assiste de deux benevoles Mme Eliette Brunel-Deschamps et M. Christian Hillaire.
Au terme d'une desobstruction manuelle conduite dans un boyau tres etroit marquant le fond d'une cavite mineure s'ouvrant dans les falaises du Cirque d'Estre, les inventeurs ont debouche par une cheminee dans un tres vaste reseau totalement vierge, richement concretionne et recelant de nombreux restes paleontologiques en place (os d'ours de cavernesUrsus spelaeusdans leur bauge d'hibernation).
Les galeries, fortement dimensionnees (section de 5 x 4 metres en moyenne), joignent plusieurs vastes salles (jusqu'a 70 x 40 metres) et sont, de place en place, decorees de peintures et de gravures de figurations animalieres isolees ou organisees en panneaux comprenant plus de cinquante unites dont les dimensions varient de 0,50 m a 4 metres de long. Au total, environ 300 peintures a l'ocre rouge ou au noir ont ete actuellement observees et au moins autant de gravures. On remarque plusieurs cas de superposition, et, localement, des voiles concretionnes ou des griffades d'ours, l'ensemble de ces faits authentifiant (s'il en etait besoin) l'anciennete de ces decors.
a chaque extremite du reseau visite on peut constater la presence d'acces anciens actuellement colmates par des eboulis et des depots argileux.
L'ensemble des galeries parcourues cumule un lineaire de plusieurs centaines de metres au long duquel se developpe un bestiaire tres original et particulierement varie (chevaux, rhinoceros, lions, bisons, aurochs,


. n. Extracting.] [L. extractus, p. p. of extrahere to extract; ex out + trahere to draw. See Trace, and cf.
 Estreat.] 1. To draw out or forth; to pull out; to remove forcibly from a fixed position, as by traction or suction, etc.; as, to extract a tooth from its socket, a stump from the earth, a splinter from the finger.

 The bee Sits on the bloom extracting liquid sweet.

Milton.
2. To withdraw by expression, distillation, or other mechanical or chemical process; as, to extract an essence. Cf. Abstract, v. t., 6.

 Sunbeams may be extracted from cucumbers, but the process is tedious.

3. To take by selection; to choose out; to cite or quote, as a passage from a book.

 I have extracted out of that pamphlet a few notorious falsehoods.

Swift.
To extract the root (Math.), to ascertain the root of a number or quantity.

 Ex"tract' (?), n. 1. That which is extracted or drawn out.

2. A portion of a book or document, separately transcribed; a citation; a quotation.

3. A decoction, solution, or infusion made by drawing out from any substance that which gives it its essential and characteristic virtue; essence; as, extract of beef; extract of dandelion; also, any substance so extracted, and characteristic of that from which it is obtained; as, quinine is the most important extract of Peruvian bark.

4. (Med.) A solid preparation obtained by evaporating a solution of a drug, etc., or the fresh juice of a plant; -- distinguished from an abstract. See Abstract, n., 4.

5. (Old Chem.) A peculiar principle once erroneously supposed to form the basis of all vegetable extracts; -- called also the extractive principle. [Obs.]

6. Extraction; descent. [Obs.] South.
7. (Scots Law) A draught or copy of writing; certified copy of the proceedings in an action and the judgement therein, with an order for execution. Tomlins.
Fluid extract (Med.), a concentrated liquid preparation, containing a definite proportion of the active principles of a medicinal substance. At present a fluid gram of extract should represent a gram of the crude drug.

 { Ex*tract"a*ble (?), Ex*tract"i*ble (?), } a. Capable of being extracted.

 Ex*tract"i*form (?), a. (Chem.) Having the form, appearance, or nature, of an extract.

 Ex*trac"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. extraction.] 1. The act of extracting, or drawing out; as, the extraction of a tooth, of a bone or an arrow from the body, of a stump from earth, of a passage from a book, of an essence or tincture.

2. Derivation from a stock or family; lineage; descent; birth; the stock from which one has descended. "A family of ancient extraction."
 Clarendon.
3. That which is extracted; extract; essence.

 They [books] do preserve as in a vial the purest efficacy and extraction of that living intellect that bred them.

Milton.
The extraction of roots. (Math.) (a) The operation of finding the root of a given number or quantity. (b) The method or rule by which the operation is performed; evolution.

 Ex*tract"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. extractif.] 1. Capable of being extracted. "Thirty grains of extractive matter." Kirwan.
2. Tending or serving to extract or draw out.

 Certain branches of industry are conveniently designated extractive: e.g., agriculture, pastoral and mining pursuits, cutting of lumber, etc.

Cairnes.
 Ex*tract"ive, n. 1. Anything extracted; an extract.

Extractives, of which the most constant are urea, kreatin, and grape sugar.

H. N. Martin.
2. (Chem.) (a) A chemical principle once supposed to exist in all extracts. [Obs.] (b) Any one of a large class of substances obtained by extraction, and consisting largely of nitrogenous hydrocarbons, such as xanthin, hypoxanthin, and creatin extractives from muscle tissue.

 Ex*tract"or (?), n. One who, or that which, extracts; as: (a) (Surg.) A forceps or instrument for extracting substances. (b) (Breech-loading Firearms) A device for withdrawing a cartridge or spent cartridge shell from the chamber of the barrel.

 Ex'tra*dic"tion*a*ry (?), a. [Pref. extra- + L. dictio a saying. See Diction.] Consisting not in words, but in realities. [Obs.]

 Of these extradictionary and real fallacies, Aristotle and logicians make in number six.

Sir T. Browne.
 Ex"tra*di'ta*ble (?), a. 1. Subject, or liable, to extradition, as a fugitive from justice.

2. Making liable to extradition; as, extraditable offenses.

 Ex"tra*dite (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extradited(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Extraditing(?).] To deliver up by one government to another, as a fugitive from justice. See Extradition.

 Ex'tra*di"tion (?), n. [L. ex out + traditio a delivering up: cf. F. extradition. See Tradition.] The surrender or delivery of an alleged criminal by one State or sovereignty to another having jurisdiction to try charge.

 Ex*tra"dos (?), n. [F.; pref. extraoutside + dos (L. dorsum) the back.] (Arch.) The exterior curve of an arch; esp., the upper curved face of the whole body of voussoirs. See Intrados.

 Ex'tra*do"tal (?), a. [Pref. extra- + dotal.]
 Forming no part of the dowry; as, extradotal property.

 Ex'tra*fo'li*a"ceous (?), a. [Pref. extra + foliaceous.] (Bot.)
 Away from the leaves, or inserted in a different place from them; as, extrafoliaceous prickles. Loudon.
 Ex'tra*fo*ra"ne*ous (?), a. [Pref. extra- + L. foras out of doors.] Pertaining to that which is out of doors. "Extraforaneous occupations." Cowper.
 Ex'tra*ge"ne*ous (?), a. [Pref. extra- + L. genus race.] Belonging to another race or kind.

 Ex'tra*ju*di"cial (?), a. Out of or beyond the proper authority of a court or judge; beyond jurisdiction; not legally required. "An extrajudicial opinion." Hallam. -- Ex'tra*ju*di"cial*ly, adv.
 Ex'tra*lim"it*a*ry (?), a. Being beyond the limit or bounds; as, extraliminary land. Mitford.
 Ex'tra*log"ic*al (?), a. Lying outside of the domain of logic. -- Ex'tra*log"ic*al*ly, adv.
 Ex'tra*mis"sion (?), n. A sending out; emission. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
 Ex'tra*mun"dane (?), a. [L. extramundanus; extra + mundus world.] Beyond the material world. "An extramundane being." Bp.
 Warburton.
 Ex'tra*mu"ral (?), a. Outside of the walls, as of a fortified or walled city.

 Ex'tra*ne"i*ty (?), n. State of being without or beyond a thing; foreignness. [Obs.]


bristle-shaped leaf.

 Bris"tle*tail' (&?;), n. (Zoöl.) An insect of the genera Lepisma, Campodea, etc., belonging to the Thysanura.

 Bris"tli*ness (&?;), n. The quality or state of having bristles.

 Bris"tly (&?;), a. Thick set with bristles, or with hairs resembling bristles; rough.

 The leaves of the black mulberry are somewhat bristly. Bacon.
 Bris"tol (&?;), n. A seaport city in the west of England.

Bristol board, a kind of fine pasteboard, made with a smooth but usually unglazed surface. -- Bristol brick, a brick of siliceous matter used for polishing cultery; -- originally manufactured at Bristol.
 -- Bristol stone, rock crystal, or brilliant crystals of quartz, found in the mountain limestone near Bristol, and used in making ornaments, vases, etc. When polished, it is called Bristol diamond.

 Bri*sure" (&?;), n. [F.] 1. (Fort.) Any part of a rampart or parapet which deviates from the general direction.

2. (Her.) A mark of cadency or difference.

 { Brit, Britt } (&?;), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The young of the common herring; also, a small species of herring; the sprat.
 (b) The minute marine animals (chiefly Entomostraca) upon which the right whales feed.

 Bri*tan"ni*a (&?;), n. [From L. Britannia Great Britain.] A white-metal alloy of tin, antimony, bismuth, copper, etc. It somewhat resembles silver, and is used for table ware. Called also Britannia metal.

 Bri*tan"nic (&?;), a. [L. Britannicus, fr. Britannia Great Britain.] Of or pertaining to Great Britain; British; as, her Britannic Majesty.

 { Brite, Bright } (&?;), v. t. To be or become overripe, as wheat, barley, or hops. [Prov. Eng.]

 Brit"i*cism (&?;), n. A word, phrase, or idiom peculiar to Great Britain; any manner of using a word or words that is peculiar to Great Britain.

 Brit"ish (brt"sh), a. [AS. Brittisc, Bryttisc.] Of or pertaining to Great Britain or to its inhabitants; -- sometimes restricted to the original inhabitants.

British gum, a brownish substance, very soluble in cold water, formed by heating dry starch at a temperature of about 600° Fahr. It corresponds, in its properties, to dextrin, and is used, in solution, as a substitute for gum in stiffering goods. -- British lion, the national emblem of Great Britain. -- British seas, the four seas which surround Great Britain.

 Brit"ish, n. pl. People of Great Britain.

 Brit"ish*er, n. An Englishman; a subject or inhabitant of Great Britain, esp. one in the British military or naval service. [Now used jocosely] Brit"on (&?;), a. [AS. bryten Britain.] British. [Obs.]
 Spenser. -- n. A native of Great Britain.

 Brit"tle (&?;), a. [OE. britel, brutel, AS. bryttian to dispense, fr. breótan to break; akin to Icel. brytja, Sw. bryta, Dan. bryde. Cf. Brickle.] Easily broken; apt to break; fragile; not tough or tenacious.

 Farewell, thou pretty, brittle piece Of fine-cut crystal.
Cotton.
Brittle silver ore, the mineral stephanite.

 Brit"tle*ly, adv. In a brittle manner. Sherwood.
 Brit"tle*ness, n. Aptness to break; fragility.

 Brit"tle star' (brt"t'l stär'), (Zoöl.) Any species of ophiuran starfishes. See Ophiuroidea.

 Britz"ska (brts"k), n. [Russ. britshka; cf. Pol. bryczka, dim. of bryka freight wagon.] A long carriage, with a calash top, so constructed as to give space for reclining at night, when used on a journey.

 Brize (brz), n. The breeze fly. See Breeze. Shak.
 Broach (&?;), n. [OE. broche, F. broche, fr. LL.
 brocca; prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. proc thrust, stab, Gael. brog awl. Cf. Brooch.] 1. A spit. [Obs.]

 He turned a broach that had worn a crown. Bacon.
2. An awl; a bodkin; also, a wooden rod or pin, sharpened at each end, used by thatchers. [Prov. Eng.] Forby.
3. (Mech.) (a) A tool of steel, generally tapering, and of a polygonal form, with from four to eight cutting edges, for smoothing or enlarging holes in metal; sometimes made smooth or without edges, as for burnishing pivot holes in watches; a reamer. The broach for gun barrels is commonly square and without taper. (b) A straight tool with file teeth, made of steel, to be pressed through irregular holes in metal that cannot be dressed by revolving tools; a drift.

4. (Masonry) A broad chisel for stonecutting.

5. (Arch.) A spire rising from a tower. [Local, Eng.]

6. A clasp for fastening a garment. See Brooch.

7. A spitlike start, on the head of a young stag.

8. The stick from which candle wicks are suspended for dipping. Knight.
9. The pin in a lock which enters the barrel of the key.

 Broach, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Broached (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Broaching.] [F. brocher, fr. broche.
 See Broach, n.] 1. To spit; to pierce as with a spit.

 I'll broach the tadpole on my rapier's point. Shak.
2. To tap; to pierce, as a cask, in order to draw the liquor.
 Hence: To let out; to shed, as blood.

 Whereat with blade, with bloody blameful blade, He bravely broached his boiling bloody breast. Shak.
3. To open for the first time, as stores.

 You shall want neither weapons, victuals, nor aid; I will open the old armories, I will broach my store, and will bring forth my stores.
Knolles.
4. To make public; to utter; to publish first; to put forth; to introduce as a topic of conversation.

 Those very opinions themselves had broached. Swift.
5. To cause to begin or break out. [Obs.] Shak.
6. (Masonry) To shape roughly, as a block of stone, by chiseling with a coarse tool. [Scot. & North of Eng.]

7. To enlarge or dress (a hole), by using a broach.

To broach to (Naut.), to incline suddenly to windward, so as to lay the sails aback, and expose the vessel to the danger of oversetting.

 Broach"er (&?;), n. 1. A spit; a broach.

 On five sharp broachers ranked, the roast they turned. Dryden.
2. One who broaches, opens, or utters; a first publisher or promoter.

 Some such broacher of heresy. Atterbury.
 Broad (&?;), a. [Compar. Broader (&?;); superl.
 Broadest.] [OE. brod, brad, AS. brd; akin to OS. brd,


541 (return) [ Strab. xiv. 5, § 3.]

 542 (return) [ Ibid. xiv. 3, § 9. Mt.
 Solyma, now Takhtalu, is the most striking mountain of these parts. Its bald summit rises to the height of 4,800 feet above the Mediterranean (Beaufort, Karamania, p. 57).]

 543 (return) [ Strab. xiv. 3, § 8, sub fin.]

 544 (return) [ Beaufort, Karamania, p. 31.]

 545 (return) [ Herod. iii. 90; vii.
 77; Strab. xiii. 4, § 15; Steph. Byz. ad. voc.]

 546 (return) [ Beaufort, Karamania, p. 56.]

 547 (return) [ Strab. xiv. 3, § 9.]

 548 (return) [ Beaufort, pp. 59, 60.]

 549 (return) [ Ibid. p. 70.]

 550 (return) [ As Corinna and Basilides (see Athen. Deipnos, iv. 174).]

 551 (return) [ Ap. Phot. Bibliothec.
 p. 454.]

 552 (return) [ Ap. Athen. Deipn.
 viii. 361.]

 553 (return) [ Dict. Cret. i. 18; iv.
 4.]

 554 (return) [ Kenrick, Phoenicia, pp. 80, 81.]

 555 (return) [ Aristid. Orat. § 43.]

 556 (return) [ Acts xxvii. 12.]

 557 (return) [ Steph. Byz. ad voc.]

 558 (return) [ Herod. iv. 151.]

 559 (return) [ Heb. {...}, Copt. labo, &c.]

 560 (return) [ Steph. Byz. ad voc.
 {KUTHERA}; Festus, ad voc. MELOS.]

 561 (return) [ Kenrick, p. 96.]

 562 (return) [ Steph. Byz. ad voc.
 {MEMBLIAROS}.]

 563 (return) [ Heraclid. Pont. ap.
 Steph. Byz. ad voc.]

 564 (return) [ Herod. iv. 147.]

 565 (return) [ Thucyd. i. 8.]

 566 (return) [ Herod. iii. 57; Pausan.
 x. 11.]

 567 (return) [ Tournefort, Voyages, i. 136.]

 568 (return) [ Plin, H. N. iv.
 12. Compare Steph. Byz. ad voc. {KUTHERA}.]

 569 (return) [ Theophrast. Hist.
 Plant. iv. 2; Plin. H. N. xxxv. 15.]

 570 (return) [ Strab. x. 5, § 16.]

 571 (return) [ Ibid. § 19, ad fin.]

 572 (return) [ Herod. ii. 44.]

 573 (return) [ Ibid. vi. 47.]

 574 (return) [ Hesych. ad voc.
 {KABEIROI}; Steph. Byz. ad voc. {IMBROS}; Strab. vii. Fr. 51.]

 575 (return) [ Strab. xiv. 5, § 28; Plin. H. N. vii. 56.]

 576 (return) [ Strab. x. 1, § 8.]

 577 (return) [ Herod. v. 57; Strab.
 ix. 2, § 3; Pausan. ix. 25, § 6, &c.]

 578 (return) [ Steph. Byz. ad voc.
 {PRONEKTOS}; Scymn. Ch. l. 660.]

 579 (return) [ Apollon. Rhod. ii. l.
 178; Euseb. Præp. Ev. p. 115; Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. l.s.c.; Steph. Byz. ad voc. {SESAMOS}.]

 580 (return) [ So Kenrick, Phoenicia, pp. 91, 92.]

 581 (return) [ Utica was said to have been founded 287 years before Carthage (Aristot. De Ausc. Mir. § 146). Carthage was probably founded about B.C. 850.]

 582 (return) [ Thucyd. vi. 2.]

 583 (return) [ Strab. xvii. 3, § 13.]

 584 (return) [ See the chart opposite, and the description in the Géographie Universelle, xi. 271, 272.]

 585 (return) [ Ibid. p. 270.]

 586 (return) [ Plin. H. N. v.
 4, § 23; Géographie Universelle, xi. 157.]

 587 (return) [ Géograph. Univ.
 xi. 275.]

 588 (return) [ Ibid. p. 274.]

 589 (return) [ Géograph. Univ.
 xi. 413, 414.]

 590 (return) [ Ibid. pp. 410, 411.]

 591 (return) [ See Davis's Carthage, pp. 128-130; and compare the woodcut in the Géograph. Univ. xi.
 259.]

 592 (return) [ Beulé, Fouilles à Carthage, quoted in the Géograph. Univ. xi. 258.]

 593 (return) [ "Adrymes" is the Greek name (Strab. xvii. 3, § 16), Adrumetum or Hadrumetum, the Roman one (Sall.
 Bell. Jugurth. § 19; Liv. xxx. 29; Plin. H. N. v. 4, § 25).]

 594 (return) [ Géograph. Univ.
 xi. 227, 228.]

 595 (return) [ Ibid. p. 227, note.]

 596 (return) [ Géographie Universelle, xi. 224.]

 597 (return) [ Géograph. Univ.
 xi. 84.]

 598 (return) [ Strabo, xvii. 3, § 18.]

 599 (return) [ See Della Cella, Narrative, p. 37, E. T.; Beechey, Narrative, p. 51.]

 5100 (return) [ Herod. iv. 198.
 Compare Ovid. Pont. ii. 7, 25.]

 5101 (return) [ See the chart in the Géographie Universelle, xi. 223.]

 5102 (return) [ Strab. xvii. 3, § 12.]

 5103 (return) [ See Daux, Recherches sur les Emporia Phéniciens, pp. 256-258; and compare Pl. viii.]

 5104 (return) [ At Utica, Carthage, and elsewhere.]

 5105 (return) [ Daux, Recherches, pp. 169-171; Perrot et Chipiez, Histoire de l'Art dans l'Antiquité, iii. 400-402.]

 5106 (return) [ Thucyd. vi. 2


LIFE IS A DREAM By Pedro Calderon De La Barca Translated by Edward Fitzgerald Contents INTRODUCTORY NOTE LIFE IS A DREAM ACT I SCENE I—A pass of rocks, over which a storm is rolling away, SCENE II.—The Palace at Warsaw ACT II SCENE I—A Throne-room in the Palace.
 Music within.
 ACT III.
 SCENE I.—The Tower, etc., as in Act I. Scene I. ACT IV.
 SCENE I.—A wooded pass near the field of battle: INTRODUCTORY NOTE Pedro Calderon de la Barca was born in Madrid, January 17, 1600, of good family. He was educated at the Jesuit College in Madrid and at the University of Salamanca; and a doubtful tradition says that he began to write plays at the age of thirteen. His literary activity was interrupted for ten years, _PHONE_, by military service in Italy and the Low Countries, and again for a year or more in Catalonia. In 1637 he became a Knight of the Order of Santiago, and in 1651 he entered the priesthood, rising to the dignity of Superior of the Brotherhood of San Pedro in Madrid. He held various offices in the court of Philip IV, who rewarded his services with pensions, and had his plays produced with great splendor. He died May 5, 1681.

 At the time when Calderon began to compose for the stage, the Spanish drama was at its height. Lope de Vega, the most prolific and, with Calderon, the greatest, of Spanish dramatists, was still alive; and by his applause gave encouragement to the beginner whose fame was to rival his own. The national type of drama which Lope had established was maintained in its essential characteristics by Calderon, and he produced abundant specimens of all its varieties. Of regular plays he has left a hundred and twenty; of "Autos Sacramentales," the peculiar Spanish allegorical development of the medieval mystery, we have seventy-three; besides a considerable number of farces.

 The dominant motives in Calderon's dramas are characteristically national: fervid loyalty to Church and King, and a sense of honor heightened almost to the point of the fantastic. Though his plays are laid in a great variety of scenes and ages, the sentiment and the characters remain essentially Spanish; and this intensely local quality has probably lessened the vogue of Calderon in other countries. In the construction and conduct of his plots he showed great skill, yet the ingenuity expended in the management of the story did not restrain the fiery emotion and opulent imagination which mark his finest speeches and give them a lyric quality which some critics regard as his greatest distinction.

 Of all Calderon's works, "Life is a Dream" may be regarded as the most universal in its theme. It seeks to teach a lesson that may be learned from the philosophers and religious thinkers of many ages—that the world of our senses is a mere shadow, and that the only reality is to be found in the invisible and eternal. The story which forms its basis is Oriental in origin, and in the form of the legend of "Barlaam and Josaphat" was familiar in all the literatures of the Middle Ages. Combined with this in the plot is the tale of Abou Hassan from the "Arabian Nights," the main situations in which are turned to farcical purposes in the Induction to the Shakespearean "Taming of the Shrew." But with Calderon the theme is lifted altogether out of the atmosphere of comedy, and is worked up with poetic sentiment and a touch of mysticism into a symbolic drama of profound and universal philosophical significance.

 LIFE IS A DREAM The Scene of the first and third Acts lies on the Polish frontier: of the second Act, in Warsaw.

 As this version of Calderon's drama is not for acting, a higher and wider mountain-scene than practicable may be imagined for Rosaura's descent in the first Act and the soldiers' ascent in the last. The bad watch kept by the sentinels who guarded their state-prisoner, together with much else (not all!) that defies sober sense in this wild drama, I must leave Calderon to answer for; whose audience were not critical of detail and probability, so long as a good story, with strong, rapid, and picturesque action and situation, was set before them.

 ACT I SCENE I—A pass of rocks, over which a storm is rolling away, and the sun setting: in the foreground, half-way down, a fortress.

 (Enter first from the topmost rock Rosaura, as from horseback, in man's attire; and, after her, Fife.)

 SCENE II.—The Palace at Warsaw Enter on one side Astolfo, Duke of Muscovy, with his train: and, on the other, the Princess Estrella, with hers.

 ACT II SCENE I—A Throne-room in the Palace. Music within.

 ACT III.

 SCENE I.—The Tower, etc., as in Act I. Scene I. ACT IV.

 SCENE I.—A wooded pass near the field of battle: drums, trumpets, firing, etc. Cries of 'God save Basilio! Segismund,' etc.


Pertaining to, containing, or consisting in, an emblem; symbolic; typically representative; representing as an emblem; as, emblematic language or ornaments; a crown is emblematic of royalty; white is emblematic of purity. -- Em'blem*at"ic*al*ly, adv.
 Em'blem*at"ic*cize (?), v. t. To render emblematic; as, to emblematicize a picture. [R.] Walpole.
 Em*blem"a*tist (?), n. A writer or inventor of emblems. Sir T. Browne.
 Em*blem"a*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emblematized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emblematizing (?).] To represent by, or as by, an emblem; to symbolize.

 Anciently the sun was commonly emblematized by a starry or radiate figure.

Bp. Hurd.
 Em"ble*ment (?), n. [OF. embleer to sow with corn, F. emblaver, fr. LL. imbladare; pref. in- + LL. bladum grain, F.
 blé.] (Law) The growing crop, or profits of a crop which has been sown or planted; -- used especially in the plural. The produce of grass, trees, and the like, is not emblement. Wharton's Law Dict.
 Em"blem*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emblemized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emblemizing (?).] To represent by an emblem; to emblematize. [R.]

 Em*bloom" (?), v. t. To emblossom. Savage.
 Em*blos"som (?), v. t. To cover or adorn with blossoms.

 On the white emblossomed spray.

J. Cunningham.
 Em*bod"i*er (?), n. One who embodies.

 Em*bod"i*ment (?), n. 1. The act of embodying; the state of being embodied.

2. That which embodies or is embodied; representation in a physical body; a completely organized system, like the body; as, the embodiment of courage, or of courtesy; the embodiment of true piety.

 Em*bod"y (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embodied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embodying.] To form into a body; to invest with a body; to collect into a body, a united mass, or a whole; to incorporate; as, to embody one's ideas in a treatise. [Written also imbody.]

 Devils embodied and disembodied.

Sir W. Scott.
 The soul, while it is embodied, can no more be divided from sin.

South.
 Em*bod"y, v. i. To unite in a body, a mass, or a collection; to coalesce. [Written also imbody.]

 Firmly to embody against this court party.

Burke.
 Em*bogue" (?), v. i. [See Disembogue.] To disembogue; to discharge, as a river, its waters into the sea or another river. [R.]

 Em*bo"guing (?), n. The mouth of a river, or place where its waters are discharged. [R.]

 Em*boil" (?), v. i. To boil with anger; to effervesce. [Obs.] Spenser.
 Em*boil", v. t. To cause to boil with anger; to irritate; to chafe.
 [Obs.] Spenser.
 ||Em'boîte"ment' (?), n. [F., fr. emboîter to fit in, insert; en in + boîte box.] (Biol.) The hypothesis that all living things proceed from preëxisting germs, and that these encase the germs of all future living things, inclosed one within another. Buffon.
 Em*bold"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emboldened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emboldening (?).] To give boldness or courage to; to encourage. Shak.
 The self-conceit which emboldened him to undertake this dangerous office.

Sir W. Scott.
 Em*bold"en*er (?), n. One who emboldens.

 Em*bol"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; to throw in. See Embolism.] 1.
 Embolismic.

2. (Med.) Pertaining to an embolism; produced by an embolism; as, an embolic abscess.

3. (Biol.) Pushing or growing in; -- said of a kind of invagination. See under Invagination.

 Em"bo*lism (?), n. [L. embolismus, from Gr. &?; to throw or put in, insert; cf. &?; intercalated: cf. F. embolisme. See Emblem.] 1. Intercalation; the insertion of days, months, or years, in an account of time, to produce regularity; as, the embolism of a lunar month in the Greek year.

2. Intercalated time. Johnson.
3. (Med.) The occlusion of a blood vessel by an embolus.
 Embolism in the brain often produces sudden unconsciousness and paralysis.

 Em'bo*lis"mal (?), a. Pertaining to embolism; intercalary; as, embolismal months.

 { Em'bo*lis*mat"ic (?), Em'bo*lis*mat"ic*al (?), } a. Embolismic.

 { Em'bo*lis"mic (?), Em'bo*lis"mic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. embolismique.]
 Pertaining to embolism or intercalation; intercalated; as, an embolismic year, i. e., the year in which there is intercalation.

 Em"bo*lite (?), n. [From Gr. &?; something thrown in between.]
 (Min.) A mineral consisting of both the chloride and the bromide of silver.

 Em"bo*lus (?), n.; pl. Emboli (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?; pointed so as to be put or thrust in, fr. &?; to throw, thrust, or put in. See Emblem.] 1. Something inserted, as a wedge; the piston or sucker of a pump or syringe.

2. (Med.) A plug of some substance lodged in a blood vessel, being brought thither by the blood current. It consists most frequently of a clot of fibrin, a detached shred of a morbid growth, a globule of fat, or a microscopic organism.

 Em"bo*ly (?), n. [Gr. &?; a putting into.] (Biol.)
 Embolic invagination. See under Invagination.

 ||Em'bon'point" (?), n. [F., fr. en bon point in good condition. See Bon, and Point.] Plumpness of person; -- said especially of persons somewhat corpulent.

 Em*bor"der (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + border: cf. OF. emborder.] To furnish or adorn with a border; to imborder.

 Em*bos"om (?), v. t. [Written also imbosom.] 1. To take into, or place in, the bosom; to cherish; to foster.

 Glad to embosom his affection.

Spenser.
2. To inclose or surround; to shelter closely; to place in the midst of something.

 His house embosomed in the grove.

Pope.
 Some tender flower.... Embosomed in the greenest glade.

Keble.
 Em*boss" (?; 115), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embossed (?; 115);


I thought the remnant of mine age Should have been cherished by her childlike duty.

Shak.
Where one on his side fights, thousands will fly.

Shak.
 But where he rode one mile, the dwarf ran four.

Sir W. Scott.
3. To what or which place; hence, to what goal, result, or issue; whither; — used interrogatively and relatively; as, where are you going?

 But where does this tend?

Goldsmith.
 Lodged in sunny cleft, Where the gold breezes come not.

Bryant.
Where is often used pronominally with or without a preposition, in elliptical sentences for a place in which, the place in which, or what place.

 The star... stood over where the young child was.

Matt. ii. 9.
 The Son of man hath not where to lay his head.

Matt. viii. 20.
 Within about twenty paces of where we were.

Goldsmith.
Where did the minstrels come from?

Dickens.
Where is much used in composition with preposition, and then is equivalent to a pronoun. Cf. Whereat, Whereby, Wherefore, Wherein, etc.

Where away (Naut.), in what direction; as, where away is the land?

Syn. — See Whither.

 Where, conj. Whereas.

 And flight and die is death destroying death; Where fearing dying pays death servile breath.

Shak.
 Where, n. Place; situation. [Obs. or Colloq.]

 Finding the nymph asleep in secret where.

Spenser.
 { Where"a*bout' (?), Where"a*bouts' (?) }, adv.
1. About where; near what or which place; — used interrogatively and relatively; as, whereabouts did you meet him?

 In this sense, whereabouts is the common form.

2. Concerning which; about which. "The object whereabout they are conversant." Hooker.
 { Where"a*bout' (?), Where"a*bouts' (?), } n. The place where a person or thing is; as, they did not know his whereabouts. Shak.
 A puzzling notice of thy whereabout.

Wordsworth.
 Where*as" (?), adv. At which place; where. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 At last they came whereas that lady bode.

Spenser.
 Where*as", conj.
1. Considering that; it being the case that; since; — used to introduce a preamble which is the basis of declarations, affirmations, commands, requests, or like, that follow.

2. When in fact; while on the contrary; the case being in truth that; although; — implying opposition to something that precedes; or implying recognition of facts, sometimes followed by a different statement, and sometimes by inferences or something consequent.

 Are not those found to be the greatest zealots who are most notoriously ignorant? whereas true zeal should always begin with true knowledge.

Sprat.
 Where*at" (?), adv.
1. At which; upon which; whereupon; — used relatively.

 They vote; whereat his speech he thus renews.

Milton.
Whereat he was no less angry and ashamed than desirous to obey Zelmane.

Sir P. Sidney.
2. At what; — used interrogatively; as, whereat are you offended?

 Where*by" (?), adv.
1. By which; — used relatively. "You take my life when you take the means whereby I life." Shak.
2. By what; how; — used interrogatively.

Whereby shall I know this?

Luke i. 18.
 Wher*e'er" (?), adv. Wherever; — a contracted and poetical form.
 Cowper.
 Where"fore (?), adv. & conj. [Where + for.]

1. For which reason; so; — used relatively.

Wherefore by their fruits ye shall know them.

Matt. vii. 20.
2. For what reason; why; — used interrogatively.

 But wherefore that I tell my tale.

Chaucer.
Wherefore didst thou doubt?

Matt. xiv. 31.
 Where"fore, n. the reason why. [Colloq.]

 Where*form" (?), adv. [Where + from.] From which; from which or what place. Tennyson.
 Where*in" (?), adv.
1. In which; in which place, thing, time, respect, or the like; — used relatively.

 Her clothes wherein she was clad.

Chaucer.
 There are times wherein a man ought to be cautious as well as innocent.

Swift.
2. In what; — used interrogatively.

 Yet ye say, Wherein have we wearied him!

Mal. ii. 17.
 Where'in*to" (?), adv.
1. Into which; — used relatively.

 Where is that palace whereinto foul things Sometimes intrude not?

Shak.
 The brook, whereinto he loved to look.

Emerson.
2. Into what; — used interrogatively.

 Where"ness (?), n. The quality or state of having a place; ubiety; situation; position. [R.]

 A point hath no dimensions, but only a whereness, and is next to nothing.

Grew.
 Where*of" (?), adv.
1. Of which; of whom; formerly, also, with which; - - used relatively.

 I do not find the certain numbers whereof their armies did consist.

Sir J. Davies.
 Let it work like Borgias' wine, Whereof his sire, the pope, was poisoned.

Marlowe.
 Edward's seven sons, whereof thyself art one.

Shak.
2. Of what; — used interrogatively.

Whereof was the house built?

Johnson.
 Where*on" (?), adv.
1. On which; — used relatively; as, the earth whereon we live.

 O fair foundation laid whereon to build.

Milton.
2. On what; — used interrogatively; as, whereon do we stand?

 Where*out" (?), adv. Out of which. [R.]

 The cleft whereout the lightning breaketh.

Holland.
 Where"so (?), adv. Wheresoever. [Obs.]

 Where'so*e'er" (?), adv. Wheresoever. [Poetic] "Wheresoe'er they rove." Milton.
 Where'so*ev"er (?), adv. In what place soever; in whatever place; wherever.

 Where*through" (?), adv. Through which. [R.] "Wherethrough that I may know." Chaucer.
 Windows... wherethrough the sun Delights to peep, to gaze therein on thee.

Shak.
 Where*to" (?), adv.
1. To which; — used relatively. "Whereto we have already attained." Phil. iii. 16.
Whereto all bonds do tie me day by day.

Shak.
2. To what; to what end; — used interrogatively.

 Where'un*to" (?), adv. Same as Whereto.

 Where'up*on" (?), adv. Upon which; in consequence of which; after which.

 The townsmen mutinied and sent to Essex; whereupon he came thither.

Clarendon.
 Wher*ev"er (?), adv. At or in whatever place; wheresoever.

 He can not but love virtue wherever it is.

Atterbury.
 Where*with" (?), adv.
1. With which; — used relatively.

 The love wherewith thou hast loved me.

John xvii. 26.
2


Srr Fact, and cf. Faculty.] 1. Easy to be done or performed: not difficult; performable or attainable with little labor.

 Order... will render the work facile and delightful.

Evelyn.
2. Easy to be surmounted or removed; easily conquerable; readily mastered.

 The facile gates of hell too slightly barred.

Milton.
3. Easy of access or converse; mild; courteous; not haughty, austere, or distant; affable; complaisant.

 I meant she should be courteous, facile, sweet.

B. Jonson.
4. Easily persuaded to good or bad; yielding; ductile to a fault; pliant; flexible.

 Since Adam, and his facile consort Eve, Lost Paradise, deceived by me.

Milton.
 This is treating Burns like a child, a person of so facile a disposition as not to be trusted without a keeper on the king's highway.

Prof. Wilson.
5. Ready; quick; expert; as, he is facile in expedients; he wields a facile pen.

 -- Fac"ile*ly, adv. -- Fac"ile*ness, n. Fa*cil"i*tate (f*sl"*tt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Facilitated (-t'td); p. pr. & vb. n. Facilitating (-t'tng).]
 [Cf. F. faciliter. See Facility.] To make easy or less difficult; to free from difficulty or impediment; to lessen the labor of; as, to facilitate the execution of a task.

 To invite and facilitate that line of proceeding which the times call for.

I. Taylor.
 Fa*cil'i*ta"tion (?), n. The act of facilitating or making easy.

 Fa*cil"i*ty (f*sl"*t), n.; pl. Facilities (- tz). [L. facilitas, fr. facilis easy: cf. F. facilité.
 See Facile.] 1. The quality of being easily performed; freedom from difficulty; ease; as, the facility of an operation.

 The facility with which government has been overturned in France.

Burke.
2. Ease in performance; readiness proceeding from skill or use; dexterity; as, practice gives a wonderful facility in executing works of art.

3. Easiness to be persuaded; readiness or compliance; -- usually in a bad sense; pliancy.

 It is a great error to take facility for good nature.

L'Estrange.
4. Easiness of access; complaisance; affability.

 Offers himself to the visits of a friend with facility.

South.
5. That which promotes the ease of any action or course of conduct; advantage; aid; assistance; -- usually in the plural; as, special facilities for study.

Syn. -- Ease; expertness; readiness; dexterity; complaisance; condescension; affability. -- Facility, Expertness, Readiness. These words have in common the idea of performing any act with ease and promptitude.
 Facility supposes a natural or acquired power of dispatching a task with lightness and ease. Expertness is the kind of facility acquired by long practice. Readiness marks the promptitude with which anything is done. A merchant needs great facility in dispatching business; a banker, great expertness in casting accounts; both need great readiness in passing from one employment to another. "The facility which we get of doing things by a custom of doing, makes them often pass in us without our notice." Locke.
 "The army was celebrated for the expertness and valor of the soldiers." "A readiness to obey the known will of God is the surest means to enlighten the mind in respect to duty."

 Fa"cing (?), n. 1. A covering in front, for ornament or other purpose; an exterior covering or sheathing; as, the facing of an earthen slope, sea wall, etc., to strengthen it or to protect or adorn the exposed surface.

2. A lining placed near the edge of a garment for ornament or protection.

3. (Arch.) The finishing of any face of a wall with material different from that of which it is chiefly composed, or the coating or material so used.

4. (Founding) A powdered substance, as charcoal, bituminous coal, ect., applied to the face of a mold, or mixed with the sand that forms it, to give a fine smooth surface to the casting.

5. (Mil.) (a) pl. The collar and cuffs of a military coat; -- commonly of a color different from that of the coat. (b) The movement of soldiers by turning on their heels to the right, left, or about; -- chiefly in the pl.
Facing brick, front or pressed brick.

 Fa"cing*ly, adv. In a facing manner or position.

 Fa*cin"o*rous (?), a. [L. facinorous, from facinus deed, bad deed, from facere to make, do.] Atrociously wicked.
 [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
 -- Fa*cin"o*rous*ness, n. [Obs.]

 Fac"ound (?), n. [F. faconde, L. facundia. See Facund.]
 Speech; eloquence. [Obs.]

 Her facound eke full womanly and plain.

Chaucer.
 Fac*sim"i*le (?), n.; pl. Facsimiles (-l&?;z).
 [L. fac simile make like; or an abbreviation of factum simile made like; facere to make + similes like. See Fact, and Simile.] A copy of anything made, either so as to be deceptive or so as to give every part and detail of the original; an exact copy or likeness.

Facsimile telegraph, a telegraphic apparatus reproducing messages in autograph.

 Fac*sim"i*le, (&?;), v. t. To make a facsimile of.

 Fact (fkt), n. [L. factum, fr. facere to make or do.
 Cf. Feat, Affair, Benefit, Defect, Fashion, and -fy.] 1. A doing, making, or preparing. [Obs.]

 A project for the fact and vending Of a new kind of fucus, paint for ladies.

B. Jonson.
2. An effect produced or achieved; anything done or that comes to pass; an act; an event; a circumstance.

 What might instigate him to this devilish fact, I am not able to conjecture.

Evelyn.
 He who most excels in fact of arms.

Milton.
3. Reality; actuality; truth; as, he, in fact, excelled all the rest; the fact is, he was beaten.

4. The assertion or statement of a thing done or existing; sometimes, even when false, improperly put, by a transfer of meaning, for the thing done, or supposed to be done; a thing supposed or asserted to be done; as, history abounds with false facts.

 I do not grant the fact.

De Foe.
 This reasoning is founded upon a fact which is not true.

Roger Long.
 The term fact has in jurisprudence peculiar uses in contrast with law; as, attorney at law, and attorney in fact; issue in law, and issue in fact. There is also a grand distinction between law and fact with reference to the province of the judge and that of the jury, the latter generally determining the fact, the former the law. Burrill Bouvier. [1913 Webster] Accessary before, or after, the fact. See under Accessary. -- Matter of fact, an actual occurrence; a verity; used adjectively: of or pertaining to facts; prosaic; unimaginative; as, a matter-of-fact narration.

Syn. -- Act; deed; performance; event; incident; occurrence; circumstance.

 Fac"tion (fk"sh


cover THE MOONSTONE A Romance by Wilkie Collins Contents PROLOGUE THE STORY FIRST PERIOD CHAPTER I CHAPTER II CHAPTER III CHAPTER IV CHAPTER V CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VIII CHAPTER IX CHAPTER X CHAPTER XI CHAPTER XII CHAPTER XIII CHAPTER XIV CHAPTER XV CHAPTER XVI CHAPTER XVII CHAPTER XVIII CHAPTER XIX CHAPTER XX CHAPTER XXI CHAPTER XXII CHAPTER XXIII SECOND PERIOD FIRST NARRATIVE CHAPTER I CHAPTER II CHAPTER III CHAPTER IV CHAPTER V CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VIII SECOND NARRATIVE CHAPTER I CHAPTER II CHAPTER III THIRD NARRATIVE CHAPTER I CHAPTER II CHAPTER III CHAPTER IV CHAPTER V CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VIII CHAPTER IX CHAPTER X FOURTH NARRATIVE FIFTH NARRATIVE SIXTH NARRATIVE I II III IV V SEVENTH NARRATIVE EIGHTH NARRATIVE EPILOGUE I II III PROLOGUE THE STORMING OF SERINGAPATAM (1799): (Extracted from a Family Paper.)
I I address these lines—written in India—to my relatives in England.
My object is to explain the motive which has induced me to refuse the right hand of friendship to my cousin, John Herncastle. The reserve which I have hitherto maintained in this matter has been misinterpreted by members of my family whose good opinion I cannot consent to forfeit. I request them to suspend their decision until they have read my narrative. And I declare, on my word of honour, that what I am now about to write is, strictly and literally, the truth.
The private difference between my cousin and me took its rise in a great public event in which we were both concerned—the storming of Seringapatam, under General Baird, on the 4th of May, 1799.
In order that the circumstances may be clearly understood, I must revert for a moment to the period before the assault, and to the stories current in our camp of the treasure in jewels and gold stored up in the Palace of Seringapatam.
II One of the wildest of these stories related to a Yellow Diamond—a famous gem in the native annals of India.
The earliest known traditions describe the stone as having been set in the forehead of the four-handed Indian god who typifies the Moon. Partly from its peculiar colour, partly from a superstition which represented it as feeling the influence of the deity whom it adorned, and growing and lessening in lustre with the waxing and waning of the moon, it first gained the name by which it continues to be known in India to this day—the name of THE MOONSTONE. A similar superstition was once prevalent, as I have heard, in ancient Greece and Rome; not applying, however (as in India), to a diamond devoted to the service of a god, but to a semi-transparent stone of the inferior order of gems, supposed to be affected by the lunar influences—the moon, in this latter case also, giving the name by which the stone is still known to collectors in our own time.
The adventures of the Yellow Diamond begin with the eleventh century of the Christian era.
At that date, the Mohammedan conqueror, Mahmoud of Ghizni, crossed India; seized on the holy city of Somnauth; and stripped of its treasures the famous temple, which had stood for centuries—the shrine of Hindoo pilgrimage, and the wonder of the Eastern world.
Of all the deities worshipped in the temple, the moon-god alone escaped the rapacity of the conquering Mohammedans. Preserved by three Brahmins, the inviolate deity, bearing the Yellow Diamond in its forehead, was removed by night, and was transported to the second of the sacred cities of India—the city of Benares.
Here, in a new shrine—in a hall inlaid with precious stones, under a roof supported by pillars of gold—the moon-god was set up and worshipped.
Here, on the night when the shrine was completed, Vishnu the Preserver appeared to the three Brahmins in a dream.
The deity breathed the breath of his divinity on the Diamond in the forehead of the god. And the Brahmins knelt and hid their faces in their robes. The deity commanded that the Moonstone should be watched, from that time forth, by three priests in turn, night and day, to the end of the generations of men. And the Brahmins heard, and bowed before his will. The deity predicted certain disaster to the presumptuous mortal who laid hands on the sacred gem, and to all of his house and name who received it after him. And the Brahmins caused the prophecy to be written over the gates of the shrine in letters of gold.
One age followed another—and still, generation after generation, the successors of the three Brahmins watched their priceless Moonstone, night and day. One age followed another until the first years of the eighteenth Christian century saw the reign of Aurungzebe, Emperor of the Moguls. At his command havoc and rapine were let loose once more among the temples of the worship of Brahmah. The shrine of the four-handed god was polluted by the slaughter of sacred animals; the images of the deities were broken in pieces; and the Moonstone was seized by an officer of rank in the army of Aurungzebe.
Powerless to recover their lost treasure by open force, the three guardian priests followed and watched it in disguise. The generations succeeded each other; the warrior who had committed the sacrilege perished miserably; the Moonstone passed (carrying its curse with it) from one lawless Mohammedan hand to another; and still, through all chances and changes, the successors of the three guardian priests kept their watch, waiting the day when the will of Vishnu the Preserver should restore to them their sacred gem. Time rolled on from the first to the last years of the eighteenth Christian century. The Diamond fell into the possession of Tippoo, Sultan of Seringapatam, who caused it to be placed as an ornament in the handle of a dagger, and who commanded it to be kept among the choicest treasures of his armoury. Even then—in the palace of the Sultan himself—the three guardian priests still kept their watch in secret. There were three officers of Tippoo's household, strangers to the rest, who had won their master's confidence by conforming, or appearing to conform, to the Mussulman faith; and to those three men report pointed as the three priests in disguise.
III So, as told in our camp, ran the fanciful story of the Moonstone. It made no serious impression on any of us except my cousin—whose love of the marvellous induced him to believe it. On the night before the assault on Seringapatam, he was absurdly angry with me, and with others, for treating the whole thing as a fable. A foolish wrangle followed; and Herncastle's unlucky temper got the better of him. He declared, in his boastful way, that we should see the Diamond on his finger, if the English army took Seringapatam.
The sally was saluted by a roar of laughter, and there, as we all thought that night, the thing ended.
Let me now take you on to the day of the assault.
My cousin and I were separated at the outset. I never saw him when we forded the river; when we planted the English flag in the first breach; when we crossed the ditch beyond; and, fighting every inch of our way, entered the town. It was only at dusk, when the place was ours, and after General Baird


reconcile one's self to affictions.

3. To make consistent or congruous; to bring to agreement or suitableness; -- followed by with or to.

 The great men among the ancients understood how to reconcile manual labor with affairs of state.

Locke.
 Some figures monstrous and misshaped appear, Considered singly, or beheld too near; Which, but proportioned to their light or place, Due distance reconciles to form and grace.

Pope.
4. To adjust; to settle; as, to reconcile differences.

Syn. -- To reunite; conciliate; placate; propitiate; pacify; appease.

 Rec"on*cile', v. i. To become reconciled. [Obs.]

 Rec"on*cile'ment (-ment), n. Reconciliation. Milton.
 Rec"on*ci'ler (-s?'l?r), n. One who reconciles.

 Rec'on*cil'i*a"tion (-s?l'?*?"sh?n), n. [F. réconciliation, L. reconciliatio.] 1. The act of reconciling, or the state of being reconciled; reconcilenment; restoration to harmony; renewal of friendship.

Reconciliation and friendship with God really form the basis of all rational and true enjoyment.

S. Miller.
2. Reduction to congruence or consistency; removal of inconsistency; harmony.

 A clear and easy reconciliation of those seeming inconsistencies of Scripture.

D. Rogers.
Syn. -- Reconcilement; reunion; pacification; appeasement; propitiation; atonement; expiation.

 Rec'on*cil"i*a*to*ry (-s?l"?*?*t?*r?), a. Serving or tending to reconcile. Bp. Hall.
 Re*con'den*sa"tion (r?*k?n'd?n*s?"sh?n), n. The act or process of recondensing.

 Re'con*dense" (r'kn*dns"), v. t. To condense again.

 Rec"on*dite (r?k"?n*d?t or r?*k?n"d?t; 277), a. [L. reconditus, p. p. of recondere to put up again, to lay up, to conceal; pref. rere- + condere to bring or lay together. See Abscond.] 1.
 Hidden from the mental or intellectual view; secret; abstruse; as, recondite causes of things.

2. Dealing in things abstruse; profound; searching; as, recondite studies. "Recondite learning." Bp. Horsley.
 Re*con"di*to*ry (r?k?n"d?*t?*r?), n. [LL. reconditorium.] A repository; a storehouse. [Obs.] Ash.
 Re'con*duct" (r'kn*dkt"), v. t. To conduct back or again. "A guide to reconduct thy steps." Dryden.
 Re'con*firm" (-f?rm"), v. t. [Pref. re- + confirm: cf. F. reconfirmer.] To confirm anew. Clarendon.
 Re'con*fort" (-f?rt"), v. t. [F. réconforter.] To recomfort; to comfort. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 Re'con*join" (r?'k?n*join"), v. t. To join or conjoin anew. Boyle.
 { Re*con"nois*sance, Re*con"nais*sance } (r?- k?n"n?s-s?ns), n. [F. See Recognizance.] The act of reconnoitering; preliminary examination or survey. Specifically: (a) (Geol.) An examination or survey of a region in reference to its general geological character. (b) (Engin.) An examination of a region as to its general natural features, preparatory to a more particular survey for the purposes of triangulation, or of determining the location of a public work. (c) (Mil.) An examination of a territory, or of an enemy's position, for the purpose of obtaining information necessary for directing military operations; a preparatory expedition.

Reconnoissance in force (Mil.), a demonstration or attack by a large force of troops for the purpose of discovering the position and strength of an enemy.

 { Rec'on*noi"ter, Rec'on*noi"tre } (r?k'?n*noi"t?r), v. t. [F. reconnoitre, a former spelling of reconnaître. See Recognize.] 1.
 To examine with the eye to make a preliminary examination or survey of; esp., to survey with a view to military or engineering operations.

2. To recognize. [Obs.] Sir H. Walpole.
 Re*con"quer (r?*k?n"k?r), v. t. [Pref. re- + conquer: cf. F. reconquérir.] To conquer again; to recover by conquest; as, to reconquer a revolted province.

 Re*con"quest (-kw?st), n. A second conquest.

 Re*con"se*crate (-k?n"s?*kr?t), v. t. To consecrate anew or again.

 Re*con'se*cra"tion, n. Renewed consecration.

 Re'con*sid"er (r?'k?n*s?d"?r), v. t. 1. To consider again; as, to reconsider a subject.

2. (Parliamentary Practice) To take up for renewed consideration, as a motion or a vote which has been previously acted upon.

 Re'con*sid'er*a"tion (-?"sh?n), n. The act of reconsidering, or the state of being reconsidered; as, the reconsideration of a vote in a legislative body.

 Re*con"so*late (r?*k?n"s?*l?t), v. t. To console or comfort again.
 [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.
 Re'con*sol"i*date (r?'k?n*s?l"?*d?t), v. t. To consolidate anew or again.

 Re'con*sol'i*da"tion (-d?"sh?n), n. The act or process of reconsolidating; the state of being reconsolidated.

 Re'con*struct" (-str?kt"), v. t. To construct again; to rebuild; to remodel; to form again or anew.

 Regiments had been dissolved and reconstructed.

Macaulay.
 Re'con*struc"tion (-str?k"sh?n), n. 1. The act of constructing again; the state of being reconstructed.

2. (U.S. Politics) The act or process of reorganizing the governments of the States which had passed ordinances of secession, and of reëstablishing their constitutional relations to the national government, after the close of the Civil War.

 Re'con*struct"ive (-str?k"t?v), a. Reconstructing; tending to reconstruct; as, a reconstructive policy.

 Re'con*tin"u*ance (-t?n"?*?ns), n. The act or state of recontinuing.

 Re'con*tin"ue (-?), v. t. & i. To continue anew.

 Re'con*vene" (r?'k?n*v?n"), v. t. & i. To convene or assemble again; to call or come together again.

 Re'con*ven"tion (-v?n"sh?n), n. (Civil Law) A cross demand; an action brought by the defendant against the plaintiff before the same judge. Burrill. Bouvier.
 Re'con*ver"sion (-v?r"sh?n), n. A second conversion.

 Re'con*vert" (-v?rt"), v. t. To convert again


had seen.
Iv, s. Snow. Hun. Gyp. Yiv.
Span. Gyp. Give.
Iv-engri / Ivi-mengri, s. Snow-thing, snowball.
Iuziou, a. Clean. Mod. Gr.
ὑγιὴς (sound, healthy).
See Roujio.
J Jal. To go, walk, journey. This verb is allied to various words in different languages signifying movement, course or journey:—to the Sanscrit Il, ila, to go; to the Russian Gulliat, to stroll, to walk about; to the Turkish Iel, a journey; to the Jol of the Norse, and the Yule of the Anglo-Saxons, terms applied to Christmas-tide, but which properly mean the circular journey which the sun has completed at that season: for what are Jol and Yule but the Ygul of the Hebrews? who call the zodiac 'Ygul ha mazaluth,' or the circle of the signs. It is, moreover, related to the German Jahr and the English Year, radically p.
37the same words as Jol, Yule, and Ygul, and of the same meaning—namely, the circle travelled by the sun through the signs.
Já, v. imp. Go thou!
Jal amande. I shall go.
Jal te booty. Go to work.
Jalno / Java / Jaw, v.a. I go. Sans.
Chara.
Jas, jasa. Thou goest: tute is jasing, thou art going.
Jal, 3rd pers. pres. He goes.
Jalla, f. She goes.
Jalno ando pawni, v. a. I swim. Lit. I go in water.
Jaw, ad. So: jaw si, so it is. See Ajaw, asá, ashá.
Jib, s. Tongue. Sans. Jihva.
Jib, v. n. To live, to exist. Sans.
Jiv. Rus. Jit. Lithuanian, Gywenu.
Jibben, s. Life, livelihood. Sans.
Jivata (life), Jivika (livelihood). Rus. Jivot, Tchivot.
Jivvel, v. n. He lives: kai jivvel o, where does he live?
Jin / Jinava, v. n. To know. Sans.
Jna.
Jinnepen, s. Wisdom, knowledge.
Sans. Jnapti (understanding).
Jinney-mengro, s. A knowing fellow, a deep card, a Grecian, a wise man, a philosopher.
Jinney-mengreskey rokrapénes. Sayings of the wise: the tatcho drom to be a jinney-mengro is to dick and rig in zi, the true way to be a wise man is to see and bear in mind.
Jongar, v. n. To awake. Sans.
Jagri. Hin. Jugana.
Jôbis, s. Oats. Sans. Java (barley). Wal. Obia. See Giv.
Joddakaye, s. Apron; anything tied round the middle or hips. Sans. Kata (the hip, the loins), Kataka (a girdle).
Ju, s. A louse. Sans. Yuka.
p. 38Juvalo, a. Lousy.
Juvior, s. pl. Lice.
Juggal / Jukkal, s. Dog. Sans.
Srigãla (jackal).
Jukkalor. Dogs.
Jukkaelsti cosht, s. Dog-wood; a hard wood used for making skewers.
Juva / Juvali, Woman, wife.
Juvli, s. Girl. See Chavali.
K Kael, s. Cheese.
Kaes, s. Cheese.
Kah / Kai, ad. Where: kai tiro ker, where's your house? kai si the churi, where is the knife?
Sans. Kva.
Kair, v. a. To do. Sans. Kri, to do; kara (doing).
Kair misto. To make well, cure, comfort.
Kairipen, s. Work, labour. Sans.
Karman.
Kakkaratchi, s. Magpie; properly a raven.
Mod. Gr.
κορακαζ.
Kanau / Knau, ad. Now.
Karring. Crying out, hawking goods. Span.
Gyp. Acarar (to call). See Koring.
Kaulo, a. Black. Sans.
Kãla. Arab. [Arabic which cannot be reproduced] Kaulo chiriclo, s. A blackbird.
Kaulo cori, s. A blackthorn.
Kaulo durril, s. Blackberry.
Kaulo Gav, s. Black-town, Birmingham.
Kaulo guero, s. A black, negro.
Kaulo guereskey tem, s. Negroland, Africa.
Kaulo-mengro, s. A blacksmith.
Kaulo ratti. Black blood, Gypsy blood: kaulo ratti adrey leste, he has Gypsy blood in his veins.
Kaun, s. An ear. Sans. Karna.
p.
39Kaun-engro, s. An ear-fellow, thing with long ears; a figurative name for a hare.
Ke, prep. Unto. Likewise a postposition—e.g. lenké, to them.
Keir / Ker, s. A house. Sans.
Griha.
Ker / Kerey / Ken, ad. Home, homeward: java keri, I will go home.
Keir-poggring. House-breaking.
Keir-rakli, s. A housemaid.
Kek, ad. a. No, none, not: kek tatcho, it is not true.
Kekkeno, a. None, not any: kekkeni pawni, no water.
Kekkeno mushe's poov, s. No man's land; a common.
Kekkauvi, s.f. Kettle. Mod. Gr.
κακκάβη.
Kekkauviskey saster, s. Kettle-iron; the hook by which the kettle is suspended over the fire.
Kekko, ad. No, it is not, not it, not he.
Kekkomi. No more. See Komi, Ever-komi.
Kek-cushti. Of no use; no good. See Koshto.
Kem, s. The sun. See Cam.
Ken. A particle affixed in English Gypsy to the name of a place terminating in a vowel, in order to form a genitive; e.g. Eliken bori congri, the great church of Ely. See En.
Ken, s. A house, properly a nest.
Heb. [Hebrew which cannot be reproduced] Kin.
Kenyor, s. pl. Ears. See Kaun.
Ker / Kerava v. a. To do; make: kair yag, make a fire. Sans. Kri. Pers. [Persian which cannot be reproduced] Gaelic, Ceaird (a trade), ceard (a tinker). Lat. Cerdo (a smith). English, Char, chare (to work by the day).
Kerdo. He did.
Kedast, 2nd pers. pret. Thou didst.
Kedo, part. pass. Done.
Kerri-mengro, s. Workman.
Kerrimus, s. Doing, deed: mi-Doovel's kerrimus, the Lord's doing. Sans. Karman (work).
p. 40Kerrit, p. pass. Cooked, boiled. Anglo-Indian word, Curried. Fr. Cuire. Gaelic, Greidh (to cook victuals).
Kettaney, ad. Together. Wal. Ketziba (many). See Kisi.
Kidda, v. a. To pluck.
Kil, v. a. To dance, play. Hin.
Kelná. Sans. Kshvel.
Killi-mengro, s. A dancer, player.
Kil, s. Butter.
Kin


The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Bible, Douay-Rheims Version, Challoner Revision The Old and New Testaments This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at _URL_. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.
Title: The Holy Bible Douay-Rheims Version, Challoner Revision The Old and New Testaments Release Date: January 11, 2011 [eBook #1581] [Most recently updated: March 31, 2022] Language: English Character set encoding: UTF-8 Produced by: Dennis McCarthy and Tad Book *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE HOLY BIBLE *** The Holy Bible Translated from the Latin Vulgate Diligently Compared with the Hebrew, Greek, and Other Editions in Divers Languages THE OLD TESTAMENT First Published by the English College at Douay A.D. 1609 & 1610 and THE NEW TESTAMENT First Published by the English College at Rheims A.D. 1582 With Annotations The Whole Revised and Diligently Compared with the Latin Vulgate by Bishop Richard Challoner A.D. _PHONE_ Contents THE OLD TESTAMENT THE BOOK OF GENESIS THE BOOK OF EXODUS THE BOOK OF LEVITICUS THE BOOK OF NUMBERS THE BOOK OF DEUTERONOMY THE BOOK OF JOSUE THE BOOK OF JUDGES THE BOOK OF RUTH THE FIRST BOOK OF SAMUEL, OTHERWISE CALLED THE FIRST BOOK OF KINGS THE SECOND BOOK OF SAMUEL, OTHERWISE CALLED THE SECOND BOOK OF KINGS THE THIRD BOOK OF KINGS THE FOURTH BOOK OF KINGS THE FIRST BOOK OF PARALIPOMENON THE SECOND BOOK OF PARALIPOMENON THE FIRST BOOK OF ESDRAS THE BOOK OF NEHEMIAS, WHICH IS CALLED THE SECOND OF ESDRAS THE BOOK OF TOBIAS THE BOOK OF JUDITH THE BOOK OF ESTHER THE BOOK OF JOB THE BOOK OF PSALMS THE BOOK OF PROVERBS ECCLESIASTES SOLOMON'S CANTICLE OF CANTICLES THE BOOK OF WISDOM ECCLESIASTICUS THE PROPHECY OF ISAIAS THE PROPHECY OF JEREMIAS THE LAMENTATIONS OF JEREMIAS THE PROPHECY OF BARUCH THE PROPHECY OF EZECHIEL THE PROPHECY OF DANIEL THE PROPHECY OF OSEE THE PROPHECY OF JOEL THE PROPHECY OF AMOS THE PROPHECY OF ABDIAS THE PROPHECY OF JONAS THE PROPHECY OF MICHEAS THE PROPHECY OF NAHUM THE PROPHECY OF HABACUC THE PROPHECY OF SOPHONIAS THE PROPHECY OF AGGEUS THE PROPHECY OF ZACHARIAS THE PROPHECY OF MALACHIAS THE FIRST BOOK OF MACHABEES THE SECOND BOOK OF MACHABEES THE NEW TESTAMENT OF OUR LORD AND SAVIOUR JESUS CHRIST THE HOLY GOSPEL OF JESUS CHRIST ACCORDING TO ST. MATTHEW THE HOLY GOSPEL OF JESUS CHRIST ACCORDING TO ST. MARK THE HOLY GOSPEL OF JESUS CHRIST ACCORDING TO ST. LUKE THE HOLY GOSPEL OF JESUS CHRIST ACCORDING TO ST. JOHN THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES THE EPISTLE OF ST. PAUL THE APOSTLE TO THE ROMANS THE FIRST EPISTLE OF ST. PAUL TO THE CORINTHIANS THE SECOND EPISTLE OF ST. PAUL TO THE CORINTHIANS THE EPISTLE OF ST.
PAUL TO THE GALATIANS THE EPISTLE OF ST.
PAUL TO THE EPHESIANS THE EPISTLE OF ST.
PAUL TO THE PHILIPPIANS THE EPISTLE OF ST.
PAUL TO THE COLOSSIANS THE FIRST EPISTLE OF ST. PAUL TO THE THESSALONIANS THE SECOND EPISTLE OF ST. PAUL TO THE THESSALONIANS THE FIRST EPISTLE OF ST. PAUL TO TIMOTHY THE SECOND EPISTLE OF ST. PAUL TO TIMOTHY THE EPISTLE OF ST. PAUL TO TITUS THE EPISTLE OF ST. PAUL TO PHILEMON THE EPISTLE OF ST. PAUL TO THE HEBREWS THE CATHOLIC EPISTLE OF ST. JAMES THE APOSTLE THE FIRST EPISTLE OF ST. PETER THE APOSTLE THE SECOND EPISTLE OF ST. PETER THE APOSTLE THE FIRST EPISTLE OF ST. JOHN THE APOSTLE THE SECOND EPISTLE OF ST. JOHN THE APOSTLE THE THIRD EPISTLE OF ST. JOHN THE APOSTLE THE CATHOLIC EPISTLE OF ST.
JUDE THE APOSTLE THE APOCALYPSE OF ST.
JOHN THE APOSTLE APPENDICES ADDITIONAL BOOKS THE PRAYER OF MANASSES KING OF IVDA, WHEN HE WAS HELD CAPTIVE IN BABYLON THE THIRD BOOKE OF ESDRAS THE FOVRTH BOOKE OF ESDRAS THE PROPHECIE OF ABDIAS THE CATHOLIKE EPISTLE OF IVDE THE APOSTLE SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL THE PREFACE TO THE READER HARD VVORDES EXPLICATED THE OLD TESTAMENT THE BOOK OF GENESIS This book is so called from its treating of the GENERATION, that is, of the creation and the beginning of the world. The Hebrews call it BERESITH, from the Word with which it begins. It contains not only the history of the Creation of the world; but also an account of its progress during the space of 2369 years, that is, until the death of JOSEPH.
Genesis Chapter 1 God createth Heaven and Earth, and all things therein, in six days.
1:1. In the beginning God created heaven, and earth.
1:2. And the earth was void and empty, and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the spirit of God moved over the waters.
1:3. And God said: Be light made. And light was made.
1:4. And God saw the light that it was good; and he divided the light from the darkness.
1:5. And he called the light Day, and the darkness Night; and there was evening and morning one day.
1:6. And God said: Let there be a firmament made amidst the waters: and let it divide the waters from the waters.
A firmament.... By this name is here understood the whole space between the earth, and the highest stars. The lower part of which divideth the waters that are upon the earth, from those that are above in the clouds.
1:7. And God made a firmament, and divided the waters that were under the firmament, from those that were above the firmament, and it was so.
1:8. And God called the firmament, Heaven; and the evening and morning were the second day.
1:9. God also said; Let the waters that are under the heaven, be gathered together into one place: and let the dry land appear. And it was so done.
1:10. And God called the dry land, Earth; and the gathering together of the waters, he called Seas. And God saw that it was good.
1:11. And he said: let the earth bring forth green herb, and such as may seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after its kind, which may have seed in itself upon the


_2$, and $C\omega_3$.
Angular momenta may be compounded like forces or velocities, by the law of the "parallelogram," and since these three are at right angles to each other, their resultant is \begin{displaymath} \sqrt{A^2\omega_1^2 + B^2\omega_2^2 + C^2\omega_3^2} = H \end{displaymath} (1) and this must be constant, both in magnitude and direction in space, since no external forces act on the body.
We shall call this axis of angular momentum the invariable axis. It is perpendicular to what has been called the invariable plane. Poinsôt calls it the axis of the couple of impulsion. The direction-cosines of this axis in the body are, \begin{displaymath} \begin{array}{c c c} \displaystyle l = \frac{A\omega_1}{H},... ...ga_2}{H}, & \displaystyle n = \frac{C\omega_3}{H}.
\end{array}\end{displaymath} Since $I$, $m$ and $n$ vary during the motion, we need some additional condition to determine the relation between them. We find this in the property of the vis viva of a system of invariable form in which there is no friction. The vis viva of such a system must be constant. We express this in the equation \begin{displaymath} A\omega_1^2 + B\omega_2^2 + C\omega_3^2 = V \end{displaymath} (2) Substituting the values of $\omega_1$, $\omega_2$, $\omega_3$ in terms of $l$, $m$, $n$, \begin{displaymath} \frac{l^2}{A} + \frac{m^2}{B} + \frac{n^2}{C} = \frac{V}{H^2}.
\end{displaymath} Let $1/A = a^2$, $1/B = b^2$, $1/c = c^2$, $V/H^2 = e^2$, and this equation becomes \begin{displaymath} a^2l^2 + b^2m^2 + c^2n^2 = e^2 \end{displaymath} (3) and the equation to the cone, described by the invariable axis within the body, is \begin{displaymath} (a^2 - e^2) x^2 + (b^2 - e^2) y^2 + (c^2 - e^2) z^2 = 0 \end{displaymath} (4) The intersections of this cone with planes perpendicular to the principal axes are found by putting $x$, $y$, or $z$, constant in this equation. By giving $e$ various values, all the different paths of the pole of the invariable axis, corresponding to different initial circumstances, may be traced.
Figure: Figure 1 * In the figures, I have supposed $a^2 = 100$, $b^2= 107$, and $c^2= 110$. The first figure represents a section of the various cones by a plane perpendicular to the axis of $x$, which is that of greatest moment of inertia. These sections are ellipses having their major axis parallel to the axis of $b$. The value of $e^2$ corresponding to each of these curves is indicated by figures beside the curve. The ellipticity increases with the size of the ellipse, so that the section corresponding to $e^2 = 107$ would be two parallel straight lines (beyond the bounds of the figure), after which the sections would be hyperbolas.
Figure: Figure 2 * The second figure represents the sections made by a plane, perpendicular to the mean axis. They are all hyperbolas, except when $e^2 = 107$, when the section is two intersecting straight lines.
Figure: Figure 3 The third figure shows the sections perpendicular to the axis of least moment of inertia. From $e^2 = 110$ to $e^2 = 107$ the sections are ellipses, $e^2 = 107$ gives two parallel straight lines, and beyond these the curves are hyperbolas.
Figure: Figure 4 * The fourth and fifth figures show the sections of the series of cones made by a cube and a sphere respectively. The use of these figures is to exhibit the connexion between the different curves described about the three principal axes by the invariable axis during the motion of the body.
Figure: Figure 5 * We have next to compare the velocity of the invariable axis with respect to the body, with that of the body itself round one of the principal axes. Since the invariable axis is fixed in space, its motion relative to the body must be equal and opposite to that of the portion of the body through which it passes. Now the angular velocity of a portion of the body whose direction-cosines are $l$, $m$, $n$, about the axis of $x$ is \begin{displaymath} \frac{\omega_1}{1 - l^2} - \frac{l}{1 - l^2}(l\omega_1 + m\omega_2 + n\omega-3).
\end{displaymath} Substituting the values of $\omega_1$, $\omega_2$, $\omega_3$, in terms of $l$, $m$, $n$, and taking account of equation (3), this expression becomes \begin{displaymath} H\frac{(a^2 - e^2)}{1 - l^2}l.
\end{displaymath} Changing the sign and putting $\displaystyle l = \frac{\omega_1}{a^2H}$ we have the angular velocity of the invariable axis about that of $x$ \begin{displaymath} = \frac{\omega_1}{1 - l^2} \frac{e^2 - a^2}{a^2}, \end{displaymath} always positive about the axis of greatest moment, negative about that of least moment, and positive or negative about the mean axis according to the value of $e^2$. The direction of the motion in every case is represented by the arrows in the figures. The arrows on the outside of each figure indicate the direction of rotation of the body.
* If we attend to the curve described by the pole of the invariable axis on the sphere in fig. 5, we shall see that the areas described by that point, if projected on the plane of $yz$, are swept out at the rate \begin{displaymath} \omega_1 \frac{e^2 - a^2}{a^2}.
\end{displaymath} Now the semi-axes of the projection of the spherical ellipse described by the pole are \begin{displaymath} \sqrt{\frac{e^2 - a^2}{b^2 - a^2}} \hspace{1cm}\textrm{and}\hspace{1cm} \sqrt{\frac{e^2 - a^2}{c^2 - a^2}}.
\end{displaymath} Dividing the area of this ellipse by the area described during one revolution of the body, we find the number of revolutions of the body during the description of the ellipse-- \begin{displaymath} = \frac{a^2}{\sqrt{b^2 - a^2}\sqrt{c^2 - a^2}}.
\end{displaymath} The projections of the spherical ellipses upon the plane of $yz$ are all similar ellipses, and described in the same number of revolutions; and in each ellipse so projected, the area described in any time is proportional to the number of revolutions of the body about the axis of $x$, so that if we measure time by revolutions of the body, the motion of the projection of the pole of the invariable