# Copyright 2023 Katherine Crowson and The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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import math
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import List, Optional, Tuple, Union

import numpy as np
import torch

from ..configuration_utils import ConfigMixin, register_to_config
from ..utils import BaseOutput, logging, randn_tensor
from .scheduling_utils import KarrasDiffusionSchedulers, SchedulerMixin


logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)  # pylint: disable=invalid-name


@dataclass
# Copied from diffusers.schedulers.scheduling_ddpm.DDPMSchedulerOutput with DDPM->EulerAncestralDiscrete
class EulerAncestralDiscreteSchedulerOutput(BaseOutput):
    """
    Output class for the scheduler's `step` function output.

    Args:
        prev_sample (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_channels, height, width)` for images):
            Computed sample `(x_{t-1})` of previous timestep. `prev_sample` should be used as next model input in the
            denoising loop.
        pred_original_sample (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_channels, height, width)` for images):
            The predicted denoised sample `(x_{0})` based on the model output from the current timestep.
            `pred_original_sample` can be used to preview progress or for guidance.
    """

    prev_sample: torch.FloatTensor
    pred_original_sample: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None


# Copied from diffusers.schedulers.scheduling_ddpm.betas_for_alpha_bar
def betas_for_alpha_bar(
    num_diffusion_timesteps,
    max_beta=0.999,
    alpha_transform_type="cosine",
):
    """
    Create a beta schedule that discretizes the given alpha_t_bar function, which defines the cumulative product of
    (1-beta) over time from t = [0,1].

    Contains a function alpha_bar that takes an argument t and transforms it to the cumulative product of (1-beta) up
    to that part of the diffusion process.


    Args:
        num_diffusion_timesteps (`int`): the number of betas to produce.
        max_beta (`float`): the maximum beta to use; use values lower than 1 to
                     prevent singularities.
        alpha_transform_type (`str`, *optional*, default to `cosine`): the type of noise schedule for alpha_bar.
                     Choose from `cosine` or `exp`

    Returns:
        betas (`np.ndarray`): the betas used by the scheduler to step the model outputs
    """
    if alpha_transform_type == "cosine":

        def alpha_bar_fn(t):
            return math.cos((t + 0.008) / 1.008 * math.pi / 2) ** 2

    elif alpha_transform_type == "exp":

        def alpha_bar_fn(t):
            return math.exp(t * -12.0)

    else:
        raise ValueError(f"Unsupported alpha_tranform_type: {alpha_transform_type}")

    betas = []
    for i in range(num_diffusion_timesteps):
        t1 = i / num_diffusion_timesteps
        t2 = (i + 1) / num_diffusion_timesteps
        betas.append(min(1 - alpha_bar_fn(t2) / alpha_bar_fn(t1), max_beta))
    return torch.tensor(betas, dtype=torch.float32)


class EulerAncestralDiscreteScheduler(SchedulerMixin, ConfigMixin):
    """
    Ancestral sampling with Euler method steps.

    This model inherits from [`SchedulerMixin`] and [`ConfigMixin`]. Check the superclass documentation for the generic
    methods the library implements for all schedulers such as loading and saving.

    Args:
        num_train_timesteps (`int`, defaults to 1000):
            The number of diffusion steps to train the model.
        beta_start (`float`, defaults to 0.0001):
            The starting `beta` value of inference.
        beta_end (`float`, defaults to 0.02):
            The final `beta` value.
        beta_schedule (`str`, defaults to `"linear"`):
            The beta schedule, a mapping from a beta range to a sequence of betas for stepping the model. Choose from
            `linear` or `scaled_linear`.
        trained_betas (`np.ndarray`, *optional*):
            Pass an array of betas directly to the constructor to bypass `beta_start` and `beta_end`.
        prediction_type (`str`, defaults to `epsilon`, *optional*):
            Prediction type of the scheduler function; can be `epsilon` (predicts the noise of the diffusion process),
            `sample` (directly predicts the noisy sample`) or `v_prediction` (see section 2.4 of [Imagen
            Video](https://imagen.research.google/video/paper.pdf) paper).
        timestep_spacing (`str`, defaults to `"linspace"`):
            The way the timesteps should be scaled. Refer to Table 2 of the [Common Diffusion Noise Schedules and
            Sample Steps are Flawed](https://huggingface.co/papers/2305.08891) for more information.
        steps_offset (`int`, defaults to 0):
            An offset added to the inference steps. You can use a combination of `offset=1` and
            `set_alpha_to_one=False` to make the last step use step 0 for the previous alpha product like in Stable
            Diffusion.
    """

    _compatibles = [e.name for e in KarrasDiffusionSchedulers]
    order = 1

    @register_to_config
    def __init__(
        self,
        num_train_timesteps: int = 1000,
        beta_start: float = 0.0001,
        beta_end: float = 0.02,
        beta_schedule: str = "linear",
        trained_betas: Optional[Union[np.ndarray, List[float]]] = None,
        prediction_type: str = "epsilon",
        timestep_spacing: str = "linspace",
        steps_offset: int = 0,
    ):
        if trained_betas is not None:
            self.betas = torch.tensor(trained_betas, dtype=torch.float32)
        elif beta_schedule == "linear":
            self.betas = torch.linspace(beta_start, beta_end, num_train_timesteps, dtype=torch.float32)
        elif beta_schedule == "scaled_linear":
            # this schedule is very specific to the latent diffusion model.
            self.betas = (
                torch.linspace(beta_start**0.5, beta_end**0.5, num_train_timesteps, dtype=torch.float32) ** 2
            )
        elif beta_schedule == "squaredcos_cap_v2":
            # Glide cosine schedule
            self.betas = betas_for_alpha_bar(num_train_timesteps)
        else:
            raise NotImplementedError(f"{beta_schedule} does is not implemented for {self.__class__}")

        self.alphas = 1.0 - self.betas
        self.alphas_cumprod = torch.cumprod(self.alphas, dim=0)

        sigmas = np.array(((1 - self.alphas_cumprod) / self.alphas_cumprod) ** 0.5)
        sigmas = np.concatenate([sigmas[::-1], [0.0]]).astype(np.float32)
        self.sigmas = torch.from_numpy(sigmas)

        # setable values
        self.num_inference_steps = None
        timesteps = np.linspace(0, num_train_timesteps - 1, num_train_timesteps, dtype=float)[::-1].copy()
        self.timesteps = torch.from_numpy(timesteps)
        self.is_scale_input_called = False

        self._step_index = None

    @property
    def init_noise_sigma(self):
        # standard deviation of the initial noise distribution
        if self.config.timestep_spacing in ["linspace", "trailing"]:
            return self.sigmas.max()

        return (self.sigmas.max() ** 2 + 1) ** 0.5

    @property
    def step_index(self):
        """
        The index counter for current timestep. It will increae 1 after each scheduler step.
        """
        return self._step_index

    def scale_model_input(
        self, sample: torch.FloatTensor, timestep: Union[float, torch.FloatTensor]
    ) -> torch.FloatTensor:
        """
        Ensures interchangeability with schedulers that need to scale the denoising model input depending on the
        current timestep. Scales the denoising model input by `(sigma**2 + 1) ** 0.5` to match the Euler algorithm.

        Args:
            sample (`torch.FloatTensor`):
                The input sample.
            timestep (`int`, *optional*):
                The current timestep in the diffusion chain.

        Returns:
            `torch.FloatTensor`:
                A scaled input sample.
        """

        if self.step_index is None:
            self._init_step_index(timestep)

        sigma = self.sigmas[self.step_index]
        sample = sample / ((sigma**2 + 1) ** 0.5)
        self.is_scale_input_called = True
        return sample

    def set_timesteps(self, num_inference_steps: int, device: Union[str, torch.device] = None):
        """
        Sets the discrete timesteps used for the diffusion chain (to be run before inference).

        Args:
            num_inference_steps (`int`):
                The number of diffusion steps used when generating samples with a pre-trained model.
            device (`str` or `torch.device`, *optional*):
                The device to which the timesteps should be moved to. If `None`, the timesteps are not moved.
        """
        self.num_inference_steps = num_inference_steps

        # "linspace", "leading", "trailing" corresponds to annotation of Table 2. of https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.08891
        if self.config.timestep_spacing == "linspace":
            timesteps = np.linspace(0, self.config.num_train_timesteps - 1, num_inference_steps, dtype=np.float32)[
                ::-1
            ].copy()
        elif self.config.timestep_spacing == "leading":
            step_ratio = self.config.num_train_timesteps // self.num_inference_steps
            # creates integer timesteps by multiplying by ratio
            # casting to int to avoid issues when num_inference_step is power of 3
            timesteps = (np.arange(0, num_inference_steps) * step_ratio).round()[::-1].copy().astype(np.float32)
            timesteps += self.config.steps_offset
        elif self.config.timestep_spacing == "trailing":
            step_ratio = self.config.num_train_timesteps / self.num_inference_steps
            # creates integer timesteps by multiplying by ratio
            # casting to int to avoid issues when num_inference_step is power of 3
            timesteps = (np.arange(self.config.num_train_timesteps, 0, -step_ratio)).round().copy().astype(np.float32)
            timesteps -= 1
        else:
            raise ValueError(
                f"{self.config.timestep_spacing} is not supported. Please make sure to choose one of 'linspace', 'leading' or 'trailing'."
            )

        sigmas = np.array(((1 - self.alphas_cumprod) / self.alphas_cumprod) ** 0.5)
        sigmas = np.interp(timesteps, np.arange(0, len(sigmas)), sigmas)
        sigmas = np.concatenate([sigmas, [0.0]]).astype(np.float32)
        self.sigmas = torch.from_numpy(sigmas).to(device=device)

        self.timesteps = torch.from_numpy(timesteps).to(device=device)
        self._step_index = None

    # Copied from diffusers.schedulers.scheduling_euler_discrete.EulerDiscreteScheduler._init_step_index
    def _init_step_index(self, timestep):
        if isinstance(timestep, torch.Tensor):
            timestep = timestep.to(self.timesteps.device)

        index_candidates = (self.timesteps == timestep).nonzero()

        # The sigma index that is taken for the **very** first `step`
        # is always the second index (or the last index if there is only 1)
        # This way we can ensure we don't accidentally skip a sigma in
        # case we start in the middle of the denoising schedule (e.g. for image-to-image)
        if len(index_candidates) > 1:
            step_index = index_candidates[1]
        else:
            step_index = index_candidates[0]

        self._step_index = step_index.item()

    def step(
        self,
        model_output: torch.FloatTensor,
        timestep: Union[float, torch.FloatTensor],
        sample: torch.FloatTensor,
        generator: Optional[torch.Generator] = None,
        return_dict: bool = True,
    ) -> Union[EulerAncestralDiscreteSchedulerOutput, Tuple]:
        """
        Predict the sample from the previous timestep by reversing the SDE. This function propagates the diffusion
        process from the learned model outputs (most often the predicted noise).

        Args:
            model_output (`torch.FloatTensor`):
                The direct output from learned diffusion model.
            timestep (`float`):
                The current discrete timestep in the diffusion chain.
            sample (`torch.FloatTensor`):
                A current instance of a sample created by the diffusion process.
            generator (`torch.Generator`, *optional*):
                A random number generator.
            return_dict (`bool`):
                Whether or not to return a
                [`~schedulers.scheduling_euler_ancestral_discrete.EulerAncestralDiscreteSchedulerOutput`] or tuple.

        Returns:
            [`~schedulers.scheduling_euler_ancestral_discrete.EulerAncestralDiscreteSchedulerOutput`] or `tuple`:
                If return_dict is `True`,
                [`~schedulers.scheduling_euler_ancestral_discrete.EulerAncestralDiscreteSchedulerOutput`] is returned,
                otherwise a tuple is returned where the first element is the sample tensor.

        """

        if (
            isinstance(timestep, int)
            or isinstance(timestep, torch.IntTensor)
            or isinstance(timestep, torch.LongTensor)
        ):
            raise ValueError(
                (
                    "Passing integer indices (e.g. from `enumerate(timesteps)`) as timesteps to"
                    " `EulerDiscreteScheduler.step()` is not supported. Make sure to pass"
                    " one of the `scheduler.timesteps` as a timestep."
                ),
            )

        if not self.is_scale_input_called:
            logger.warning(
                "The `scale_model_input` function should be called before `step` to ensure correct denoising. "
                "See `StableDiffusionPipeline` for a usage example."
            )

        if self.step_index is None:
            self._init_step_index(timestep)

        sigma = self.sigmas[self.step_index]

        # 1. compute predicted original sample (x_0) from sigma-scaled predicted noise
        if self.config.prediction_type == "epsilon":
            pred_original_sample = sample - sigma * model_output
        elif self.config.prediction_type == "v_prediction":
            # * c_out + input * c_skip
            pred_original_sample = model_output * (-sigma / (sigma**2 + 1) ** 0.5) + (sample / (sigma**2 + 1))
        elif self.config.prediction_type == "sample":
            raise NotImplementedError("prediction_type not implemented yet: sample")
        else:
            raise ValueError(
                f"prediction_type given as {self.config.prediction_type} must be one of `epsilon`, or `v_prediction`"
            )

        sigma_from = self.sigmas[self.step_index]
        sigma_to = self.sigmas[self.step_index + 1]
        sigma_up = (sigma_to**2 * (sigma_from**2 - sigma_to**2) / sigma_from**2) ** 0.5
        sigma_down = (sigma_to**2 - sigma_up**2) ** 0.5

        # 2. Convert to an ODE derivative
        derivative = (sample - pred_original_sample) / sigma

        dt = sigma_down - sigma

        prev_sample = sample + derivative * dt

        device = model_output.device
        noise = randn_tensor(model_output.shape, dtype=model_output.dtype, device=device, generator=generator)

        prev_sample = prev_sample + noise * sigma_up

        # upon completion increase step index by one
        self._step_index += 1

        if not return_dict:
            return (prev_sample,)

        return EulerAncestralDiscreteSchedulerOutput(
            prev_sample=prev_sample, pred_original_sample=pred_original_sample
        )

    # Copied from diffusers.schedulers.scheduling_euler_discrete.EulerDiscreteScheduler.add_noise
    def add_noise(
        self,
        original_samples: torch.FloatTensor,
        noise: torch.FloatTensor,
        timesteps: torch.FloatTensor,
    ) -> torch.FloatTensor:
        # Make sure sigmas and timesteps have the same device and dtype as original_samples
        sigmas = self.sigmas.to(device=original_samples.device, dtype=original_samples.dtype)
        if original_samples.device.type == "mps" and torch.is_floating_point(timesteps):
            # mps does not support float64
            schedule_timesteps = self.timesteps.to(original_samples.device, dtype=torch.float32)
            timesteps = timesteps.to(original_samples.device, dtype=torch.float32)
        else:
            schedule_timesteps = self.timesteps.to(original_samples.device)
            timesteps = timesteps.to(original_samples.device)

        step_indices = [(schedule_timesteps == t).nonzero().item() for t in timesteps]

        sigma = sigmas[step_indices].flatten()
        while len(sigma.shape) < len(original_samples.shape):
            sigma = sigma.unsqueeze(-1)

        noisy_samples = original_samples + noise * sigma
        return noisy_samples

    def __len__(self):
        return self.config.num_train_timesteps
