class Solution:
    def checkValidString(self, s: str) -> bool:
        # This line initializes two variables leftmin and leftmax to 0 simultaneously. This is a shorthand in Python to assign the same value to multiple variables in a single line.
        leftmin = leftmax = 0
        for i in s:
            # If the current character (i) is an opening parenthesis '(', then both leftmin and leftmax are incremented by 1. This indicates that a new open parenthesis is encountered.
            if i == '(':
                leftmin, leftmax = leftmin+1, leftmax+1

            # If the current character (i) is a closing parenthesis ')', then both leftmin and leftmax are decremented by 1. This indicates that a closing parenthesis is encountered, thus balancing out the parentheses.
            elif i == ')':
                leftmin, leftmax = leftmin-1, leftmax-1
            else:
                # If the current character is neither an opening nor a closing parenthesis, then it's considered as some other character. In this case, leftmin is decremented by 1 (as it potentially closes a parenthesis) and leftmax is incremented by 1 (as it potentially opens a parenthesis).
                leftmin, leftmax = leftmin-1, leftmax+1
            if leftmax < 0:
                # This condition checks if the value of leftmax becomes negative at any point during the iteration. If it does, it means there are more closing parentheses than opening parentheses encountered so far, indicating that the parentheses are not balanced. In this case, the function returns False, indicating unbalanced parentheses.
                return False
                # This condition checks if the value of leftmin becomes negative at any point during the iteration. If it does, it sets leftmin to 0. This ensures that leftmin never goes below 0, as it represents the minimum number of open parentheses required to balance the string.
            if leftmin < 0 : leftmin = 0
        return leftmin==0
        
