"""utils.py - Helper functions for building the model and for loading model parameters.
   These helper functions are built to mirror those in the official TensorFlow implementation.
"""

# Author: lukemelas (github username)
# Github repo: https://github.com/lukemelas/EfficientNet-PyTorch
# With adjustments and added comments by workingcoder (github username).

import re
import math
import collections
from functools import partial
import torch
from torch import nn
from torch.nn import functional as F
from torch.utils import model_zoo


################################################################################
### Help functions for model architecture
################################################################################

# GlobalParams and BlockArgs: Two namedtuples
# Swish and MemoryEfficientSwish: Two implementations of the method
# round_filters and round_repeats:
#     Functions to calculate params for scaling model width and depth ! ! !
# get_width_and_height_from_size and calculate_output_image_size
# drop_connect: A structural design
# get_same_padding_conv2d:
#     Conv2dDynamicSamePadding
#     Conv2dStaticSamePadding
# get_same_padding_maxPool2d:
#     MaxPool2dDynamicSamePadding
#     MaxPool2dStaticSamePadding
#     It's an additional function, not used in EfficientNet,
#     but can be used in other model (such as EfficientDet).

# Parameters for the entire model (stem, all blocks, and head)
GlobalParams = collections.namedtuple('GlobalParams', [
    'width_coefficient', 'depth_coefficient', 'image_size', 'dropout_rate',
    'num_classes', 'batch_norm_momentum', 'batch_norm_epsilon',
    'drop_connect_rate', 'depth_divisor', 'min_depth', 'include_top'])

# Parameters for an individual model block
BlockArgs = collections.namedtuple('BlockArgs', [
    'num_repeat', 'kernel_size', 'stride', 'expand_ratio',
    'input_filters', 'output_filters', 'se_ratio', 'id_skip'])

# Set GlobalParams and BlockArgs's defaults
GlobalParams.__new__.__defaults__ = (None,) * len(GlobalParams._fields)
BlockArgs.__new__.__defaults__ = (None,) * len(BlockArgs._fields)


# An ordinary implementation of Swish function
class Swish(nn.Module):
    def forward(self, x):
        return x * torch.sigmoid(x)


# A memory-efficient implementation of Swish function
class SwishImplementation(torch.autograd.Function):
    @staticmethod
    def forward(ctx, i):
        result = i * torch.sigmoid(i)
        ctx.save_for_backward(i)
        return result

    @staticmethod
    def backward(ctx, grad_output):
        i = ctx.saved_tensors[0]
        sigmoid_i = torch.sigmoid(i)
        return grad_output * (sigmoid_i * (1 + i * (1 - sigmoid_i)))

class MemoryEfficientSwish(nn.Module):
    def forward(self, x):
        return SwishImplementation.apply(x)


def round_filters(filters, global_params):
    """Calculate and round number of filters based on width multiplier.
       Use width_coefficient, depth_divisor and min_depth of global_params.

    Args:
        filters (int): Filters number to be calculated.
        global_params (namedtuple): Global params of the model.

    Returns:
        new_filters: New filters number after calculating.
    """
    multiplier = global_params.width_coefficient
    if not multiplier:
        return filters
    divisor = global_params.depth_divisor
    min_depth = global_params.min_depth
    filters *= multiplier
    min_depth = min_depth or divisor # pay attention to this line when using min_depth
    # follow the formula transferred from official TensorFlow implementation
    new_filters = max(min_depth, int(filters + divisor / 2) // divisor * divisor)
    if new_filters < 0.9 * filters: # prevent rounding by more than 10%
        new_filters += divisor
    return int(new_filters)


def round_repeats(repeats, global_params):
    """Calculate module's repeat number of a block based on depth multiplier.
       Use depth_coefficient of global_params.

    Args:
        repeats (int): num_repeat to be calculated.
        global_params (namedtuple): Global params of the model.

    Returns:
        new repeat: New repeat number after calculating.
    """
    multiplier = global_params.depth_coefficient
    if not multiplier:
        return repeats
    # follow the formula transferred from official TensorFlow implementation
    return int(math.ceil(multiplier * repeats))


def drop_connect(inputs, p, training):
    """Drop connect.

    Args:
        input (tensor: BCWH): Input of this structure.
        p (float: 0.0~1.0): Probability of drop connection.
        training (bool): The running mode.

    Returns:
        output: Output after drop connection.
    """
    assert 0 <= p <= 1, 'p must be in range of [0,1]'

    if not training:
        return inputs

    batch_size = inputs.shape[0]
    keep_prob = 1 - p

    # generate binary_tensor mask according to probability (p for 0, 1-p for 1)
    random_tensor = keep_prob
    random_tensor += torch.rand([batch_size, 1, 1, 1], dtype=inputs.dtype, device=inputs.device)
    binary_tensor = torch.floor(random_tensor)

    output = inputs / keep_prob * binary_tensor
    return output


def get_width_and_height_from_size(x):
    """Obtain height and width from x.

    Args:
        x (int, tuple or list): Data size.

    Returns:
        size: A tuple or list (H,W).
    """
    if isinstance(x, int):
        return x, x
    if isinstance(x, list) or isinstance(x, tuple):
        return x
    else:
        raise TypeError()


def calculate_output_image_size(input_image_size, stride):
    """Calculates the output image size when using Conv2dSamePadding with a stride.
       Necessary for static padding. Thanks to mannatsingh for pointing this out.

    Args:
        input_image_size (int, tuple or list): Size of input image.
        stride (int, tuple or list): Conv2d operation's stride.

    Returns:
        output_image_size: A list [H,W].
    """
    if input_image_size is None:
        return None
    image_height, image_width = get_width_and_height_from_size(input_image_size)
    stride = stride if isinstance(stride, int) else stride[0]
    image_height = int(math.ceil(image_height / stride))
    image_width = int(math.ceil(image_width / stride))
    return [image_height, image_width]


# Note:
# The following 'SamePadding' functions make output size equal ceil(input size/stride).
# Only when stride equals 1, can the output size be the same as input size.
# Don't be confused by their function names ! ! !

def get_same_padding_conv2d(image_size=None):
    """Chooses static padding if you have specified an image size, and dynamic padding otherwise.
       Static padding is necessary for ONNX exporting of models.

    Args:
        image_size (int or tuple, optional): Size of the image.

    Returns:
        Conv2dDynamicSamePadding or Conv2dStaticSamePadding.
    """
    if image_size is None:
        return Conv2dDynamicSamePadding
    else:
        return partial(Conv2dStaticSamePadding, image_size=image_size)


class Conv2dDynamicSamePadding(nn.Conv2d):
    """2D Convolutions like TensorFlow, for a dynamic image size.
       The padding is operated in forward function by calculating dynamically.
    """

    # Tips for 'SAME' mode padding.
    #     Given the following:
    #         i: width or height
    #         s: stride
    #         k: kernel size
    #         d: dilation
    #         p: padding
    #     Output after Conv2d:
    #         o = floor((i+p-((k-1)*d+1))/s+1)
    # If o equals i, i = floor((i+p-((k-1)*d+1))/s+1),
    # => p = (i-1)*s+((k-1)*d+1)-i

    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=1, dilation=1, groups=1, bias=True):
        super().__init__(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, 0, dilation, groups, bias)
        self.stride = self.stride if len(self.stride) == 2 else [self.stride[0]] * 2

    def forward(self, x):
        ih, iw = x.size()[-2:]
        kh, kw = self.weight.size()[-2:]
        sh, sw = self.stride
        oh, ow = math.ceil(ih / sh), math.ceil(iw / sw) # change the output size according to stride ! ! !
        pad_h = max((oh - 1) * self.stride[0] + (kh - 1) * self.dilation[0] + 1 - ih, 0)
        pad_w = max((ow - 1) * self.stride[1] + (kw - 1) * self.dilation[1] + 1 - iw, 0)
        if pad_h > 0 or pad_w > 0:
            x = F.pad(x, [pad_w // 2, pad_w - pad_w // 2, pad_h // 2, pad_h - pad_h // 2])
        return F.conv2d(x, self.weight, self.bias, self.stride, self.padding, self.dilation, self.groups)


class Conv2dStaticSamePadding(nn.Conv2d):
    """2D Convolutions like TensorFlow's 'SAME' mode, with the given input image size.
       The padding module is calculated in construction function, then used in forward.
    """

    # With the same calculation as Conv2dDynamicSamePadding

    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=1, image_size=None, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, **kwargs)
        self.stride = self.stride if len(self.stride) == 2 else [self.stride[0]] * 2

        # Calculate padding based on image size and save it
        assert image_size is not None
        ih, iw = (image_size, image_size) if isinstance(image_size, int) else image_size
        kh, kw = self.weight.size()[-2:]
        sh, sw = self.stride
        oh, ow = math.ceil(ih / sh), math.ceil(iw / sw)
        pad_h = max((oh - 1) * self.stride[0] + (kh - 1) * self.dilation[0] + 1 - ih, 0)
        pad_w = max((ow - 1) * self.stride[1] + (kw - 1) * self.dilation[1] + 1 - iw, 0)
        if pad_h > 0 or pad_w > 0:
            self.static_padding = nn.ZeroPad2d((pad_w - pad_w // 2, pad_w - pad_w // 2,
                                                pad_h - pad_h // 2, pad_h - pad_h // 2))
        else:
            self.static_padding = nn.Identity()

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.static_padding(x)
        x = F.conv2d(x, self.weight, self.bias, self.stride, self.padding, self.dilation, self.groups)
        return x


def get_same_padding_maxPool2d(image_size=None):
    """Chooses static padding if you have specified an image size, and dynamic padding otherwise.
       Static padding is necessary for ONNX exporting of models.

    Args:
        image_size (int or tuple, optional): Size of the image.

    Returns:
        MaxPool2dDynamicSamePadding or MaxPool2dStaticSamePadding.
    """
    if image_size is None:
        return MaxPool2dDynamicSamePadding
    else:
        return partial(MaxPool2dStaticSamePadding, image_size=image_size)


class MaxPool2dDynamicSamePadding(nn.MaxPool2d):
    """2D MaxPooling like TensorFlow's 'SAME' mode, with a dynamic image size.
       The padding is operated in forward function by calculating dynamically.
    """

    def __init__(self, kernel_size, stride, padding=0, dilation=1, return_indices=False, ceil_mode=False):
        super().__init__(kernel_size, stride, padding, dilation, return_indices, ceil_mode)
        self.stride = [self.stride] * 2 if isinstance(self.stride, int) else self.stride
        self.kernel_size = [self.kernel_size] * 2 if isinstance(self.kernel_size, int) else self.kernel_size
        self.dilation = [self.dilation] * 2 if isinstance(self.dilation, int) else self.dilation

    def forward(self, x):
        ih, iw = x.size()[-2:]
        kh, kw = self.kernel_size
        sh, sw = self.stride
        oh, ow = math.ceil(ih / sh), math.ceil(iw / sw)
        pad_h = max((oh - 1) * self.stride[0] + (kh - 1) * self.dilation[0] + 1 - ih, 0)
        pad_w = max((ow - 1) * self.stride[1] + (kw - 1) * self.dilation[1] + 1 - iw, 0)
        if pad_h > 0 or pad_w > 0:
            x = F.pad(x, [pad_w // 2, pad_w - pad_w // 2, pad_h // 2, pad_h - pad_h // 2])
        return F.max_pool2d(x, self.kernel_size, self.stride, self.padding,
                            self.dilation, self.ceil_mode, self.return_indices)

class MaxPool2dStaticSamePadding(nn.MaxPool2d):
    """2D MaxPooling like TensorFlow's 'SAME' mode, with the given input image size.
       The padding module is calculated in construction function, then used in forward.
    """

    def __init__(self, kernel_size, stride, image_size=None, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(kernel_size, stride, **kwargs)
        self.stride = [self.stride] * 2 if isinstance(self.stride, int) else self.stride
        self.kernel_size = [self.kernel_size] * 2 if isinstance(self.kernel_size, int) else self.kernel_size
        self.dilation = [self.dilation] * 2 if isinstance(self.dilation, int) else self.dilation

        # Calculate padding based on image size and save it
        assert image_size is not None
        ih, iw = (image_size, image_size) if isinstance(image_size, int) else image_size
        kh, kw = self.kernel_size
        sh, sw = self.stride
        oh, ow = math.ceil(ih / sh), math.ceil(iw / sw)
        pad_h = max((oh - 1) * self.stride[0] + (kh - 1) * self.dilation[0] + 1 - ih, 0)
        pad_w = max((ow - 1) * self.stride[1] + (kw - 1) * self.dilation[1] + 1 - iw, 0)
        if pad_h > 0 or pad_w > 0:
            self.static_padding = nn.ZeroPad2d((pad_w // 2, pad_w - pad_w // 2, pad_h // 2, pad_h - pad_h // 2))
        else:
            self.static_padding = nn.Identity()

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.static_padding(x)
        x = F.max_pool2d(x, self.kernel_size, self.stride, self.padding,
                         self.dilation, self.ceil_mode, self.return_indices)
        return x


################################################################################
### Helper functions for loading model params
################################################################################

# BlockDecoder: A Class for encoding and decoding BlockArgs
# efficientnet_params: A function to query compound coefficient
# get_model_params and efficientnet:
#     Functions to get BlockArgs and GlobalParams for efficientnet
# url_map and url_map_advprop: Dicts of url_map for pretrained weights
# load_pretrained_weights: A function to load pretrained weights

class BlockDecoder(object):
    """Block Decoder for readability,
       straight from the official TensorFlow repository.
    """

    @staticmethod
    def _decode_block_string(block_string):
        """Get a block through a string notation of arguments.

        Args:
            block_string (str): A string notation of arguments.
                                Examples: 'r1_k3_s11_e1_i32_o16_se0.25_noskip'.

        Returns:
            BlockArgs: The namedtuple defined at the top of this file.
        """
        assert isinstance(block_string, str)

        ops = block_string.split('_')
        options = {}
        for op in ops:
            splits = re.split(r'(\d.*)', op)
            if len(splits) >= 2:
                key, value = splits[:2]
                options[key] = value

        # Check stride
        assert (('s' in options and len(options['s']) == 1) or
                (len(options['s']) == 2 and options['s'][0] == options['s'][1]))

        return BlockArgs(
            num_repeat=int(options['r']),
            kernel_size=int(options['k']),
            stride=[int(options['s'][0])],
            expand_ratio=int(options['e']),
            input_filters=int(options['i']),
            output_filters=int(options['o']),
            se_ratio=float(options['se']) if 'se' in options else None,
            id_skip=('noskip' not in block_string))

    @staticmethod
    def _encode_block_string(block):
        """Encode a block to a string.

        Args:
            block (namedtuple): A BlockArgs type argument.

        Returns:
            block_string: A String form of BlockArgs.
        """
        args = [
            'r%d' % block.num_repeat,
            'k%d' % block.kernel_size,
            's%d%d' % (block.strides[0], block.strides[1]),
            'e%s' % block.expand_ratio,
            'i%d' % block.input_filters,
            'o%d' % block.output_filters
        ]
        if 0 < block.se_ratio <= 1:
            args.append('se%s' % block.se_ratio)
        if block.id_skip is False:
            args.append('noskip')
        return '_'.join(args)

    @staticmethod
    def decode(string_list):
        """Decode a list of string notations to specify blocks inside the network.

        Args:
            string_list (list[str]): A list of strings, each string is a notation of block.

        Returns:
            blocks_args: A list of BlockArgs namedtuples of block args.
        """
        assert isinstance(string_list, list)
        blocks_args = []
        for block_string in string_list:
            blocks_args.append(BlockDecoder._decode_block_string(block_string))
        return blocks_args

    @staticmethod
    def encode(blocks_args):
        """Encode a list of BlockArgs to a list of strings.

        Args:
            blocks_args (list[namedtuples]): A list of BlockArgs namedtuples of block args.

        Returns:
            block_strings: A list of strings, each string is a notation of block.
        """
        block_strings = []
        for block in blocks_args:
            block_strings.append(BlockDecoder._encode_block_string(block))
        return block_strings


def efficientnet_params(model_name):
    """Map EfficientNet model name to parameter coefficients.

    Args:
        model_name (str): Model name to be queried.

    Returns:
        params_dict[model_name]: A (width,depth,res,dropout) tuple.
    """
    params_dict = {
        # Coefficients:   width,depth,res,dropout
        'efficientnet-b0': (1.0, 1.0, 224, 0.2),
        'efficientnet-b1': (1.0, 1.1, 240, 0.2),
        'efficientnet-b2': (1.1, 1.2, 260, 0.3),
        'efficientnet-b3': (1.2, 1.4, 300, 0.3),
        'efficientnet-b4': (1.4, 1.8, 380, 0.4),
        'efficientnet-b5': (1.6, 2.2, 456, 0.4),
        'efficientnet-b6': (1.8, 2.6, 528, 0.5),
        'efficientnet-b7': (2.0, 3.1, 600, 0.5),
        'efficientnet-b8': (2.2, 3.6, 672, 0.5),
        'efficientnet-l2': (4.3, 5.3, 800, 0.5),
    }
    return params_dict[model_name]


def efficientnet(width_coefficient=None, depth_coefficient=None, image_size=None,
                 dropout_rate=0.2, drop_connect_rate=0.2, num_classes=1000, include_top=True):
    """Create BlockArgs and GlobalParams for efficientnet model.

    Args:
        width_coefficient (float)
        depth_coefficient (float)
        image_size (int)
        dropout_rate (float)
        drop_connect_rate (float)
        num_classes (int)

        Meaning as the name suggests.

    Returns:
        blocks_args, global_params.
    """

    # Blocks args for the whole model(efficientnet-b0 by default)
    # It will be modified in the construction of EfficientNet Class according to model
    blocks_args = [
        'r1_k3_s11_e1_i32_o16_se0.25',
        'r2_k3_s22_e6_i16_o24_se0.25',
        'r2_k5_s22_e6_i24_o40_se0.25',
        'r3_k3_s22_e6_i40_o80_se0.25',
        'r3_k5_s11_e6_i80_o112_se0.25',
        'r4_k5_s22_e6_i112_o192_se0.25',
        'r1_k3_s11_e6_i192_o320_se0.25',
    ]
    blocks_args = BlockDecoder.decode(blocks_args)

    global_params = GlobalParams(
        width_coefficient=width_coefficient,
        depth_coefficient=depth_coefficient,
        image_size=image_size,
        dropout_rate=dropout_rate,

        num_classes=num_classes,
        batch_norm_momentum=0.99,
        batch_norm_epsilon=1e-3,
        drop_connect_rate=drop_connect_rate,
        depth_divisor=8,
        min_depth=None,
        include_top=include_top,
    )

    return blocks_args, global_params


def get_model_params(model_name, override_params):
    """Get the block args and global params for a given model name.

    Args:
        model_name (str): Model's name.
        override_params (dict): A dict to modify global_params.

    Returns:
        blocks_args, global_params
    """
    if model_name.startswith('efficientnet'):
        w, d, s, p = efficientnet_params(model_name)
        # note: all models have drop connect rate = 0.2
        blocks_args, global_params = efficientnet(
            width_coefficient=w, depth_coefficient=d, dropout_rate=p, image_size=s)
    else:
        raise NotImplementedError('model name is not pre-defined: {}'.format(model_name))
    if override_params:
        # ValueError will be raised here if override_params has fields not included in global_params.
        global_params = global_params._replace(**override_params)
    return blocks_args, global_params


# train with Standard methods
# check more details in paper(EfficientNet: Rethinking Model Scaling for Convolutional Neural Networks)
url_map = {
    'efficientnet-b0': 'https://github.com/lukemelas/EfficientNet-PyTorch/releases/download/1.0/efficientnet-b0-355c32eb.pth',
    'efficientnet-b1': 'https://github.com/lukemelas/EfficientNet-PyTorch/releases/download/1.0/efficientnet-b1-f1951068.pth',
    'efficientnet-b2': 'https://github.com/lukemelas/EfficientNet-PyTorch/releases/download/1.0/efficientnet-b2-8bb594d6.pth',
    'efficientnet-b3': 'https://github.com/lukemelas/EfficientNet-PyTorch/releases/download/1.0/efficientnet-b3-5fb5a3c3.pth',
    'efficientnet-b4': 'https://github.com/lukemelas/EfficientNet-PyTorch/releases/download/1.0/efficientnet-b4-6ed6700e.pth',
    'efficientnet-b5': 'https://github.com/lukemelas/EfficientNet-PyTorch/releases/download/1.0/efficientnet-b5-b6417697.pth',
    'efficientnet-b6': 'https://github.com/lukemelas/EfficientNet-PyTorch/releases/download/1.0/efficientnet-b6-c76e70fd.pth',
    'efficientnet-b7': 'https://github.com/lukemelas/EfficientNet-PyTorch/releases/download/1.0/efficientnet-b7-dcc49843.pth',
}

# train with Adversarial Examples(AdvProp)
# check more details in paper(Adversarial Examples Improve Image Recognition)
url_map_advprop = {
    'efficientnet-b0': 'https://github.com/lukemelas/EfficientNet-PyTorch/releases/download/1.0/adv-efficientnet-b0-b64d5a18.pth',
    'efficientnet-b1': 'https://github.com/lukemelas/EfficientNet-PyTorch/releases/download/1.0/adv-efficientnet-b1-0f3ce85a.pth',
    'efficientnet-b2': 'https://github.com/lukemelas/EfficientNet-PyTorch/releases/download/1.0/adv-efficientnet-b2-6e9d97e5.pth',
    'efficientnet-b3': 'https://github.com/lukemelas/EfficientNet-PyTorch/releases/download/1.0/adv-efficientnet-b3-cdd7c0f4.pth',
    'efficientnet-b4': 'https://github.com/lukemelas/EfficientNet-PyTorch/releases/download/1.0/adv-efficientnet-b4-44fb3a87.pth',
    'efficientnet-b5': 'https://github.com/lukemelas/EfficientNet-PyTorch/releases/download/1.0/adv-efficientnet-b5-86493f6b.pth',
    'efficientnet-b6': 'https://github.com/lukemelas/EfficientNet-PyTorch/releases/download/1.0/adv-efficientnet-b6-ac80338e.pth',
    'efficientnet-b7': 'https://github.com/lukemelas/EfficientNet-PyTorch/releases/download/1.0/adv-efficientnet-b7-4652b6dd.pth',
    'efficientnet-b8': 'https://github.com/lukemelas/EfficientNet-PyTorch/releases/download/1.0/adv-efficientnet-b8-22a8fe65.pth',
}

# TODO: add the petrained weights url map of 'efficientnet-l2'


def load_pretrained_weights(model, model_name, weights_path=None, load_fc=True, advprop=False):
    """Loads pretrained weights from weights path or download using url.

    Args:
        model (Module): The whole model of efficientnet.
        model_name (str): Model name of efficientnet.
        weights_path (None or str, optional):
            str: path to pretrained weights file on the local disk.
            None: use pretrained weights downloaded from the Internet.
        load_fc (bool, optional): Whether to load pretrained weights for fc layer at the end 
            of the model.
        advprop (bool, optional): Whether to load pretrained weights
                        trained with advprop (valid when weights_path is None).
    """
    if isinstance(weights_path, str):
        state_dict = torch.load(weights_path)
    else:
        # AutoAugment or Advprop (different preprocessing)
        url_map_ = url_map_advprop if advprop else url_map
        state_dict = model_zoo.load_url(url_map_[model_name])

    if load_fc:
        ret = model.load_state_dict(state_dict, strict=False)
        assert not ret.missing_keys, 'Missing keys when loading pretrained weights: {}'.format(ret.missing_keys)
    else:
        state_dict.pop('_fc.weight')
        state_dict.pop('_fc.bias')
        ret = model.load_state_dict(state_dict, strict=False)
        assert set(ret.missing_keys) == set(
            ['_fc.weight', '_fc.bias']), 'Missing keys when loading pretrained weights: {}'.format(ret.missing_keys)
    assert not ret.unexpected_keys, 'Missing keys when loading pretrained weights: {}'.format(ret.unexpected_keys)

    print('Loaded pretrained weights for {}'.format(model_name))
