from __future__ import annotations

import email.utils
import mimetypes
import typing

_TYPE_FIELD_VALUE = typing.Union[str, bytes]
_TYPE_FIELD_VALUE_TUPLE = typing.Union[
    _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE,
    typing.Tuple[str, _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE],
    typing.Tuple[str, _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE, str],
]


def guess_content_type(
    filename: str | None, default: str = "application/octet-stream"
) -> str:
    """
    Guess the "Content-Type" of a file.

    :param filename:
        The filename to guess the "Content-Type" of using :mod:`mimetypes`.
    :param default:
        If no "Content-Type" can be guessed, default to `default`.
    """
    if filename:
        return mimetypes.guess_type(filename)[0] or default
    return default


def format_header_param_rfc2231(name: str, value: _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE) -> str:
    """
    Helper function to format and quote a single header parameter using the
    strategy defined in RFC 2231.

    Particularly useful for header parameters which might contain
    non-ASCII values, like file names. This follows
    `RFC 2388 Section 4.4 <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2388#section-4.4>`_.

    :param name:
        The name of the parameter, a string expected to be ASCII only.
    :param value:
        The value of the parameter, provided as ``bytes`` or `str``.
    :returns:
        An RFC-2231-formatted unicode string.

    .. deprecated:: 2.0.0
        Will be removed in urllib3 v2.1.0. This is not valid for
        ``multipart/form-data`` header parameters.
    """
    import warnings

    warnings.warn(
        "'format_header_param_rfc2231' is deprecated and will be "
        "removed in urllib3 v2.1.0. This is not valid for "
        "multipart/form-data header parameters.",
        DeprecationWarning,
        stacklevel=2,
    )

    if isinstance(value, bytes):
        value = value.decode("utf-8")

    if not any(ch in value for ch in '"\\\r\n'):
        result = f'{name}="{value}"'
        try:
            result.encode("ascii")
        except (UnicodeEncodeError, UnicodeDecodeError):
            pass
        else:
            return result

    value = email.utils.encode_rfc2231(value, "utf-8")
    value = f"{name}*={value}"

    return value


def format_multipart_header_param(name: str, value: _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE) -> str:
    """
    Format and quote a single multipart header parameter.

    This follows the `WHATWG HTML Standard`_ as of 2021/06/10, matching
    the behavior of current browser and curl versions. Values are
    assumed to be UTF-8. The ``\\n``, ``\\r``, and ``"`` characters are
    percent encoded.

    .. _WHATWG HTML Standard:
        https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/
        form-control-infrastructure.html#multipart-form-data

    :param name:
        The name of the parameter, an ASCII-only ``str``.
    :param value:
        The value of the parameter, a ``str`` or UTF-8 encoded
        ``bytes``.
    :returns:
        A string ``name="value"`` with the escaped value.

    .. versionchanged:: 2.0.0
        Matches the WHATWG HTML Standard as of 2021/06/10. Control
        characters are no longer percent encoded.

    .. versionchanged:: 2.0.0
        Renamed from ``format_header_param_html5`` and
        ``format_header_param``. The old names will be removed in
        urllib3 v2.1.0.
    """
    if isinstance(value, bytes):
        value = value.decode("utf-8")

    # percent encode \n \r "
    value = value.translate({10: "%0A", 13: "%0D", 34: "%22"})
    return f'{name}="{value}"'


def format_header_param_html5(name: str, value: _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE) -> str:
    """
    .. deprecated:: 2.0.0
        Renamed to :func:`format_multipart_header_param`. Will be
        removed in urllib3 v2.1.0.
    """
    import warnings

    warnings.warn(
        "'format_header_param_html5' has been renamed to "
        "'format_multipart_header_param'. The old name will be "
        "removed in urllib3 v2.1.0.",
        DeprecationWarning,
        stacklevel=2,
    )
    return format_multipart_header_param(name, value)


def format_header_param(name: str, value: _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE) -> str:
    """
    .. deprecated:: 2.0.0
        Renamed to :func:`format_multipart_header_param`. Will be
        removed in urllib3 v2.1.0.
    """
    import warnings

    warnings.warn(
        "'format_header_param' has been renamed to "
        "'format_multipart_header_param'. The old name will be "
        "removed in urllib3 v2.1.0.",
        DeprecationWarning,
        stacklevel=2,
    )
    return format_multipart_header_param(name, value)


class RequestField:
    """
    A data container for request body parameters.

    :param name:
        The name of this request field. Must be unicode.
    :param data:
        The data/value body.
    :param filename:
        An optional filename of the request field. Must be unicode.
    :param headers:
        An optional dict-like object of headers to initially use for the field.

    .. versionchanged:: 2.0.0
        The ``header_formatter`` parameter is deprecated and will
        be removed in urllib3 v2.1.0.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        name: str,
        data: _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE,
        filename: str | None = None,
        headers: typing.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
        header_formatter: typing.Callable[[str, _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE], str] | None = None,
    ):
        self._name = name
        self._filename = filename
        self.data = data
        self.headers: dict[str, str | None] = {}
        if headers:
            self.headers = dict(headers)

        if header_formatter is not None:
            import warnings

            warnings.warn(
                "The 'header_formatter' parameter is deprecated and "
                "will be removed in urllib3 v2.1.0.",
                DeprecationWarning,
                stacklevel=2,
            )
            self.header_formatter = header_formatter
        else:
            self.header_formatter = format_multipart_header_param

    @classmethod
    def from_tuples(
        cls,
        fieldname: str,
        value: _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE_TUPLE,
        header_formatter: typing.Callable[[str, _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE], str] | None = None,
    ) -> RequestField:
        """
        A :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField` factory from old-style tuple parameters.

        Supports constructing :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField` from
        parameter of key/value strings AND key/filetuple. A filetuple is a
        (filename, data, MIME type) tuple where the MIME type is optional.
        For example::

            'foo': 'bar',
            'fakefile': ('foofile.txt', 'contents of foofile'),
            'realfile': ('barfile.txt', open('realfile').read()),
            'typedfile': ('bazfile.bin', open('bazfile').read(), 'image/jpeg'),
            'nonamefile': 'contents of nonamefile field',

        Field names and filenames must be unicode.
        """
        filename: str | None
        content_type: str | None
        data: _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE

        if isinstance(value, tuple):
            if len(value) == 3:
                filename, data, content_type = value
            else:
                filename, data = value
                content_type = guess_content_type(filename)
        else:
            filename = None
            content_type = None
            data = value

        request_param = cls(
            fieldname, data, filename=filename, header_formatter=header_formatter
        )
        request_param.make_multipart(content_type=content_type)

        return request_param

    def _render_part(self, name: str, value: _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE) -> str:
        """
        Override this method to change how each multipart header
        parameter is formatted. By default, this calls
        :func:`format_multipart_header_param`.

        :param name:
            The name of the parameter, an ASCII-only ``str``.
        :param value:
            The value of the parameter, a ``str`` or UTF-8 encoded
            ``bytes``.

        :meta public:
        """
        return self.header_formatter(name, value)

    def _render_parts(
        self,
        header_parts: (
            dict[str, _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE | None]
            | typing.Sequence[tuple[str, _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE | None]]
        ),
    ) -> str:
        """
        Helper function to format and quote a single header.

        Useful for single headers that are composed of multiple items. E.g.,
        'Content-Disposition' fields.

        :param header_parts:
            A sequence of (k, v) tuples or a :class:`dict` of (k, v) to format
            as `k1="v1"; k2="v2"; ...`.
        """
        iterable: typing.Iterable[tuple[str, _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE | None]]

        parts = []
        if isinstance(header_parts, dict):
            iterable = header_parts.items()
        else:
            iterable = header_parts

        for name, value in iterable:
            if value is not None:
                parts.append(self._render_part(name, value))

        return "; ".join(parts)

    def render_headers(self) -> str:
        """
        Renders the headers for this request field.
        """
        lines = []

        sort_keys = ["Content-Disposition", "Content-Type", "Content-Location"]
        for sort_key in sort_keys:
            if self.headers.get(sort_key, False):
                lines.append(f"{sort_key}: {self.headers[sort_key]}")

        for header_name, header_value in self.headers.items():
            if header_name not in sort_keys:
                if header_value:
                    lines.append(f"{header_name}: {header_value}")

        lines.append("\r\n")
        return "\r\n".join(lines)

    def make_multipart(
        self,
        content_disposition: str | None = None,
        content_type: str | None = None,
        content_location: str | None = None,
    ) -> None:
        """
        Makes this request field into a multipart request field.

        This method overrides "Content-Disposition", "Content-Type" and
        "Content-Location" headers to the request parameter.

        :param content_disposition:
            The 'Content-Disposition' of the request body. Defaults to 'form-data'
        :param content_type:
            The 'Content-Type' of the request body.
        :param content_location:
            The 'Content-Location' of the request body.

        """
        content_disposition = (content_disposition or "form-data") + "; ".join(
            [
                "",
                self._render_parts(
                    (("name", self._name), ("filename", self._filename))
                ),
            ]
        )

        self.headers["Content-Disposition"] = content_disposition
        self.headers["Content-Type"] = content_type
        self.headers["Content-Location"] = content_location
