##### code taken from https://github.com/ajbrock/BigGAN-PyTorch/blob/master/layers.py
# Alexia: Removed cross-replica batch norm

""" Layers
    This file contains various layers for the BigGAN models.
"""
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torch.nn import Parameter as P


# Projection of x onto y
def proj(x, y):
    return torch.mm(y, x.t()) * y / torch.mm(y, y.t())


# Orthogonalize x wrt list of vectors ys
def gram_schmidt(x, ys):
    for y in ys:
        x = x - proj(x, y)
    return x


# Apply num_itrs steps of the power method to estimate top N singular values.
def power_iteration(W, u_, update=True, eps=1e-12):
    # Lists holding singular vectors and values
    us, vs, svs = [], [], []
    for i, u in enumerate(u_):
        # Run one step of the power iteration
        with torch.no_grad():
            v = torch.matmul(u, W)
            # Run Gram-Schmidt to subtract components of all other singular vectors
            v = F.normalize(gram_schmidt(v, vs), eps=eps)
            # Add to the list
            vs += [v]
            # Update the other singular vector
            u = torch.matmul(v, W.t())
            # Run Gram-Schmidt to subtract components of all other singular vectors
            u = F.normalize(gram_schmidt(u, us), eps=eps)
            # Add to the list
            us += [u]
            if update:
                u_[i][:] = u
        # Compute this singular value and add it to the list
        svs += [torch.squeeze(torch.matmul(torch.matmul(v, W.t()), u.t()))]
        # svs += [torch.sum(F.linear(u, W.transpose(0, 1)) * v)]
    return svs, us, vs


# Convenience passthrough function
class identity(nn.Module):
    def forward(self, input):
        return input


# Spectral normalization base class 
class SN(object):
    def __init__(self, num_svs, num_itrs, num_outputs, transpose=False, eps=1e-12):
        # Number of power iterations per step
        self.num_itrs = num_itrs
        # Number of singular values
        self.num_svs = num_svs
        # Transposed?
        self.transpose = transpose
        # Epsilon value for avoiding divide-by-0
        self.eps = eps
        # Register a singular vector for each sv
        for i in range(self.num_svs):
            self.register_buffer('u%d' % i, torch.randn(1, num_outputs))
            self.register_buffer('sv%d' % i, torch.ones(1))

    # Singular vectors (u side)
    @property
    def u(self):
        return [getattr(self, 'u%d' % i) for i in range(self.num_svs)]

    # Singular values;
    # note that these buffers are just for logging and are not used in training.
    @property
    def sv(self):
        return [getattr(self, 'sv%d' % i) for i in range(self.num_svs)]

    # Compute the spectrally-normalized weight
    def W_(self):
        W_mat = self.weight.view(self.weight.size(0), -1)
        if self.transpose:
            W_mat = W_mat.t()
        # Apply num_itrs power iterations
        for _ in range(self.num_itrs):
            svs, us, vs = power_iteration(W_mat, self.u, update=self.training, eps=self.eps)
            # Update the svs
        if self.training:
            with torch.no_grad():  # Make sure to do this in a no_grad() context or you'll get memory leaks!
                for i, sv in enumerate(svs):
                    self.sv[i][:] = sv
        return self.weight / svs[0]


# 2D Conv layer with spectral norm
class SNConv2d(nn.Conv2d, SN):
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride=1,
                 padding=0, dilation=1, groups=1, bias=True,
                 num_svs=1, num_itrs=1, eps=1e-12):
        nn.Conv2d.__init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride,
                           padding, dilation, groups, bias)
        SN.__init__(self, num_svs, num_itrs, out_channels, eps=eps)

    def forward(self, x):
        return F.conv2d(x, self.W_(), self.bias, self.stride,
                        self.padding, self.dilation, self.groups)


# Linear layer with spectral norm
class SNLinear(nn.Linear, SN):
    def __init__(self, in_features, out_features, bias=True,
                 num_svs=1, num_itrs=1, eps=1e-12):
        nn.Linear.__init__(self, in_features, out_features, bias)
        SN.__init__(self, num_svs, num_itrs, out_features, eps=eps)

    def forward(self, x):
        return F.linear(x, self.W_(), self.bias)


# Embedding layer with spectral norm
# We use num_embeddings as the dim instead of embedding_dim here
# for convenience sake
class SNEmbedding(nn.Embedding, SN):
    def __init__(self, num_embeddings, embedding_dim, padding_idx=None,
                 max_norm=None, norm_type=2, scale_grad_by_freq=False,
                 sparse=False, _weight=None,
                 num_svs=1, num_itrs=1, eps=1e-12):
        nn.Embedding.__init__(self, num_embeddings, embedding_dim, padding_idx,
                              max_norm, norm_type, scale_grad_by_freq,
                              sparse, _weight)
        SN.__init__(self, num_svs, num_itrs, num_embeddings, eps=eps)

    def forward(self, x):
        return F.embedding(x, self.W_())


# A non-local block as used in SA-GAN
# Note that the implementation as described in the paper is largely incorrect;
# refer to the released code for the actual implementation.
class Attention(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, ch, which_conv=SNConv2d, name='attention'):
        super(Attention, self).__init__()
        # Channel multiplier
        self.ch = ch
        self.which_conv = which_conv
        self.theta = self.which_conv(self.ch, self.ch // 8, kernel_size=1, padding=0, bias=False)
        self.phi = self.which_conv(self.ch, self.ch // 8, kernel_size=1, padding=0, bias=False)
        self.g = self.which_conv(self.ch, self.ch // 2, kernel_size=1, padding=0, bias=False)
        self.o = self.which_conv(self.ch // 2, self.ch, kernel_size=1, padding=0, bias=False)
        # Learnable gain parameter
        self.gamma = P(torch.tensor(0.), requires_grad=True)

    def forward(self, x, y=None):
        # Apply convs
        theta = self.theta(x)
        phi = F.max_pool2d(self.phi(x), [2, 2])
        g = F.max_pool2d(self.g(x), [2, 2])
        # Perform reshapes
        theta = theta.view(-1, self.ch // 8, x.shape[2] * x.shape[3])
        phi = phi.view(-1, self.ch // 8, x.shape[2] * x.shape[3] // 4)
        g = g.view(-1, self.ch // 2, x.shape[2] * x.shape[3] // 4)
        # Matmul and softmax to get attention maps
        beta = F.softmax(torch.bmm(theta.transpose(1, 2), phi), -1)
        # Attention map times g path
        o = self.o(torch.bmm(g, beta.transpose(1, 2)).view(-1, self.ch // 2, x.shape[2], x.shape[3]))
        return self.gamma * o + x


# Fused batchnorm op
def fused_bn(x, mean, var, gain=None, bias=None, eps=1e-5):
    # Apply scale and shift--if gain and bias are provided, fuse them here
    # Prepare scale
    scale = torch.rsqrt(var + eps)
    # If a gain is provided, use it
    if gain is not None:
        scale = scale * gain
    # Prepare shift
    shift = mean * scale
    # If bias is provided, use it
    if bias is not None:
        shift = shift - bias
    return x * scale - shift
    # return ((x - mean) / ((var + eps) ** 0.5)) * gain + bias # The unfused way.


# Manual BN
# Calculate means and variances using mean-of-squares minus mean-squared
def manual_bn(x, gain=None, bias=None, return_mean_var=False, eps=1e-5):
    # Cast x to float32 if necessary
    float_x = x.float()
    # Calculate expected value of x (m) and expected value of x**2 (m2)
    # Mean of x
    m = torch.mean(float_x, [0, 2, 3], keepdim=True)
    # Mean of x squared
    m2 = torch.mean(float_x ** 2, [0, 2, 3], keepdim=True)
    # Calculate variance as mean of squared minus mean squared.
    var = (m2 - m ** 2)
    # Cast back to float 16 if necessary
    var = var.type(x.type())
    m = m.type(x.type())
    # Return mean and variance for updating stored mean/var if requested
    if return_mean_var:
        return fused_bn(x, m, var, gain, bias, eps), m.squeeze(), var.squeeze()
    else:
        return fused_bn(x, m, var, gain, bias, eps)


# My batchnorm, supports standing stats    
class myBN(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, num_channels, eps=1e-5, momentum=0.1):
        super(myBN, self).__init__()
        # momentum for updating running stats
        self.momentum = momentum
        # epsilon to avoid dividing by 0
        self.eps = eps
        # Momentum
        self.momentum = momentum
        # Register buffers
        self.register_buffer('stored_mean', torch.zeros(num_channels))
        self.register_buffer('stored_var', torch.ones(num_channels))
        self.register_buffer('accumulation_counter', torch.zeros(1))
        # Accumulate running means and vars
        self.accumulate_standing = False

    # reset standing stats
    def reset_stats(self):
        self.stored_mean[:] = 0
        self.stored_var[:] = 0
        self.accumulation_counter[:] = 0

    def forward(self, x, gain, bias):
        if self.training:
            out, mean, var = manual_bn(x, gain, bias, return_mean_var=True, eps=self.eps)
            # If accumulating standing stats, increment them
            if self.accumulate_standing:
                self.stored_mean[:] = self.stored_mean + mean.data
                self.stored_var[:] = self.stored_var + var.data
                self.accumulation_counter += 1.0
            # If not accumulating standing stats, take running averages
            else:
                self.stored_mean[:] = self.stored_mean * (1 - self.momentum) + mean * self.momentum
                self.stored_var[:] = self.stored_var * (1 - self.momentum) + var * self.momentum
            return out
        # If not in training mode, use the stored statistics
        else:
            mean = self.stored_mean.view(1, -1, 1, 1)
            var = self.stored_var.view(1, -1, 1, 1)
            # If using standing stats, divide them by the accumulation counter
            if self.accumulate_standing:
                mean = mean / self.accumulation_counter
                var = var / self.accumulation_counter
            return fused_bn(x, mean, var, gain, bias, self.eps)


# Simple function to handle groupnorm norm stylization                      
def groupnorm(x, norm_style):
    # If number of channels specified in norm_style:
    if 'ch' in norm_style:
        ch = int(norm_style.split('_')[-1])
        groups = max(int(x.shape[1]) // ch, 1)
    # If number of groups specified in norm style
    elif 'grp' in norm_style:
        groups = int(norm_style.split('_')[-1])
    # If neither, default to groups = 16
    else:
        groups = 16
    return F.group_norm(x, groups)


# Class-conditional bn
# output size is the number of channels, input size is for the linear layers
# Andy's Note: this class feels messy but I'm not really sure how to clean it up
# Suggestions welcome! (By which I mean, refactor this and make a pull request
# if you want to make this more readable/usable). 
class ccbn(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, output_size, input_size, which_linear, eps=1e-5, momentum=0.1, mybn=False, norm_style='bn', ):
        super(ccbn, self).__init__()
        self.output_size, self.input_size = output_size, input_size
        # Prepare gain and bias layers
        self.gain = which_linear(input_size, output_size)
        self.bias = which_linear(input_size, output_size)
        # epsilon to avoid dividing by 0
        self.eps = eps
        # Momentum
        self.momentum = momentum
        # Use my batchnorm?
        self.mybn = mybn
        # Norm style?
        self.norm_style = norm_style

        if self.mybn:
            self.bn = myBN(output_size, self.eps, self.momentum)
        elif self.norm_style in ['bn', 'in']:
            self.register_buffer('stored_mean', torch.zeros(output_size))
            self.register_buffer('stored_var', torch.ones(output_size))

    def forward(self, x, y):
        # Calculate class-conditional gains and biases
        gain = (1 + self.gain(y)).view(y.size(0), -1, 1, 1)
        bias = self.bias(y).view(y.size(0), -1, 1, 1)
        # If using my batchnorm
        if self.mybn:
            return self.bn(x, gain=gain, bias=bias)
        # else:
        else:
            if self.norm_style == 'bn':
                out = F.batch_norm(x, self.stored_mean, self.stored_var, None, None,
                                   self.training, 0.1, self.eps)
            elif self.norm_style == 'in':
                out = F.instance_norm(x, self.stored_mean, self.stored_var, None, None,
                                      self.training, 0.1, self.eps)
            elif self.norm_style == 'gn':
                out = groupnorm(x, self.normstyle)
            elif self.norm_style == 'nonorm':
                out = x
            return out * gain + bias

    def extra_repr(self):
        s = 'out: {output_size}, in: {input_size}'
        return s.format(**self.__dict__)


# Normal, non-class-conditional BN
class bn(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, output_size, eps=1e-5, momentum=0.1, mybn=False):
        super(bn, self).__init__()
        self.output_size = output_size
        # Prepare gain and bias layers
        self.gain = P(torch.ones(output_size), requires_grad=True)
        self.bias = P(torch.zeros(output_size), requires_grad=True)
        # epsilon to avoid dividing by 0
        self.eps = eps
        # Momentum
        self.momentum = momentum
        # Use my batchnorm?
        self.mybn = mybn

        if mybn:
            self.bn = myBN(output_size, self.eps, self.momentum)
        # Register buffers if neither of the above
        else:
            self.register_buffer('stored_mean', torch.zeros(output_size))
            self.register_buffer('stored_var', torch.ones(output_size))

    def forward(self, x, y=None):
        if self.mybn:
            gain = self.gain.view(1, -1, 1, 1)
            bias = self.bias.view(1, -1, 1, 1)
            return self.bn(x, gain=gain, bias=bias)
        else:
            return F.batch_norm(x, self.stored_mean, self.stored_var, self.gain,
                                self.bias, self.training, self.momentum, self.eps)


# Generator blocks
# Note that this class assumes the kernel size and padding (and any other
# settings) have been selected in the main generator module and passed in
# through the which_conv arg. Similar rules apply with which_bn (the input
# size [which is actually the number of channels of the conditional info] must 
# be preselected)
class GBlock(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels,
                 which_conv=nn.Conv2d, which_bn=bn, activation=None,
                 upsample=None):
        super(GBlock, self).__init__()

        self.in_channels, self.out_channels = in_channels, out_channels
        self.which_conv, self.which_bn = which_conv, which_bn
        self.activation = activation
        self.upsample = upsample
        # Conv layers
        self.conv1 = self.which_conv(self.in_channels, self.out_channels)
        self.conv2 = self.which_conv(self.out_channels, self.out_channels)
        self.learnable_sc = in_channels != out_channels or upsample
        if self.learnable_sc:
            self.conv_sc = self.which_conv(in_channels, out_channels,
                                           kernel_size=1, padding=0)
        # Batchnorm layers
        self.bn1 = self.which_bn(in_channels)
        self.bn2 = self.which_bn(out_channels)
        # upsample layers
        self.upsample = upsample

    def forward(self, x, y):
        h = self.activation(self.bn1(x, y))
        if self.upsample:
            h = self.upsample(h)
            x = self.upsample(x)
        h = self.conv1(h)
        h = self.activation(self.bn2(h, y))
        h = self.conv2(h)
        if self.learnable_sc:
            x = self.conv_sc(x)
        return h + x


# Residual block for the discriminator
class DBlock(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, which_conv=SNConv2d, wide=True,
                 preactivation=False, activation=None, downsample=None, ):
        super(DBlock, self).__init__()
        self.in_channels, self.out_channels = in_channels, out_channels
        # If using wide D (as in SA-GAN and BigGAN), change the channel pattern
        self.hidden_channels = self.out_channels if wide else self.in_channels
        self.which_conv = which_conv
        self.preactivation = preactivation
        self.activation = activation
        self.downsample = downsample

        # Conv layers
        self.conv1 = self.which_conv(self.in_channels, self.hidden_channels)
        self.conv2 = self.which_conv(self.hidden_channels, self.out_channels)
        self.learnable_sc = True if (in_channels != out_channels) or downsample else False
        if self.learnable_sc:
            self.conv_sc = self.which_conv(in_channels, out_channels,
                                           kernel_size=1, padding=0)

    def shortcut(self, x):
        if self.preactivation:
            if self.learnable_sc:
                x = self.conv_sc(x)
            if self.downsample:
                x = self.downsample(x)
        else:
            if self.downsample:
                x = self.downsample(x)
            if self.learnable_sc:
                x = self.conv_sc(x)
        return x

    def forward(self, x):
        if self.preactivation:
            # h = self.activation(x) # NOT TODAY SATAN
            # Andy's note: This line *must* be an out-of-place ReLU or it
            #              will negatively affect the shortcut connection.
            h = F.relu(x)
        else:
            h = x
        h = self.conv1(h)
        h = self.conv2(self.activation(h))
        if self.downsample:
            h = self.downsample(h)

        return h + self.shortcut(x)
