import os
import sys
import time
from amuse_ph4.interface import ph4Interface, ph4

from amuse.support.testing.amusetest import TestWithMPI

import numpy
import math
from amuse.units import nbody_system
from amuse.units import units, constants
from amuse import datamodel
from amuse.ic.plummer import new_plummer_model
try:
    from matplotlib import pyplot
    HAS_MATPLOTLIB = True
except ImportError:
    HAS_MATPLOTLIB = False
from codes_tests.gd_tests import (
    _TestGravitationalDynamicsInterface,
)


class TestPh4Interface(_TestGravitationalDynamicsInterface, TestWithMPI):
    def gravity_code_interface(self):
        return ph4Interface

    def test_reversed_time_allowed(self):
        self.skip("not supported")

    def starting_particle_index(self):
        return 1

    def test7(self):
        instance = ph4Interface()
        instance.initialize_code()
        instance.set_eps2(0.1**2)
        instance.commit_parameters()
        id1, errorcode = instance.new_particle(mass=10.0, radius=1.0, x=0.0, y=0.0, z=0.0, vx=0.0, vy=0.0, vz=0.0)
        id2, errorcode = instance.new_particle(mass=10.0, radius=1.0, x=2.0, y=0.0, z=0.0, vx=10.0, vy=0.0, vz=0.0)

        instance.commit_particles()
        potential, errorcode = instance.get_potential(id1)
        self.assertEqual(errorcode, 0)
        self.assertAlmostRelativeEquals(potential,  -10.0 / numpy.sqrt(2.0**2 + 0.1**2), 8)
        total_potential, errorcode = instance.get_potential_energy()
        potentials, errorcode = instance.get_potential([id1, id2])

        instance.cleanup_code()
        instance.stop()

        self.assertAlmostRelativeEquals(total_potential, numpy.sum(potentials * [10.0, 10.0]) / 2.0)

    def test8(self):
        instance = ph4Interface()
        instance.initialize_code()
        instance.set_eps2(0)
        instance.commit_parameters()
        id1, errorcode = instance.new_particle(mass=10.0, radius=1.0, x=0.0, y=0.0, z=0.0, vx=0.0, vy=0.0, vz=0.0)
        id2, errorcode = instance.new_particle(mass=1.0, radius=1.0, x=2.0, y=0.0, z=0.0, vx=10.0, vy=0.0, vz=0.0)

        instance.commit_particles()
        potential, errorcode = instance.get_potential(id1)
        self.assertEqual(errorcode, 0)
        self.assertAlmostRelativeEquals(potential,  -1.0 / numpy.sqrt(2.0**2), 8)

        potential, errorcode = instance.get_potential(id2)
        self.assertEqual(errorcode, 0)
        self.assertAlmostRelativeEquals(potential,  -10.0 / numpy.sqrt(2.0**2), 8)

        total_potential, errorcode = instance.get_potential_energy()
        potentials, errorcode = instance.get_potential([id1, id2])

        instance.cleanup_code()
        instance.stop()

        self.assertAlmostRelativeEquals(total_potential, numpy.sum(potentials * [10.0, 1.0]) / 2.0)

    def test9(self):
        instance = ph4Interface()
        instance.initialize_code()
        instance.set_eta(0.01)
        index, error = instance.new_particle(11.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 10)
        self.assertEqual(error, 0)
        self.assertEqual(index, 10)
        # index, error = instance.new_particle(12.0, 3.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 10)
        # print index, error
        # self.assertEquals(error, -1)
        # self.assertEquals(index, 10)
        error = instance.commit_particles()
        self.assertEqual(error, 0)

        retrieved_state = instance.get_state(index)
        self.assertEqual(retrieved_state['__result'], 0)
        self.assertEqual(11.0,  retrieved_state['mass'])
        self.assertEqual(2.0, retrieved_state['radius'])
        self.assertEqual(instance.get_number_of_particles()['number_of_particles'], 1)
        instance.cleanup_code()
        instance.stop()


class TestPH4(TestWithMPI):
    def new_system_of_sun_and_earth(self):
        stars = datamodel.Stars(2)
        sun = stars[0]
        sun.mass = units.MSun(1.0)
        sun.position = units.m(numpy.array((0.0, 0.0, 0.0)))
        sun.velocity = units.ms(numpy.array((0.0, 0.0, 0.0)))
        sun.radius = units.RSun(1.0)

        earth = stars[1]
        earth.mass = units.kg(5.9736e24)
        earth.radius = units.km(6371)
        earth.position = units.km(numpy.array((149.5e6, 0.0, 0.0)))
        earth.velocity = units.ms(numpy.array((0.0, 29800, 0.0)))

        return stars

    def test0(self):
        instance = ph4()
        instance.stop()

    def test1(self):
        convert_nbody = nbody_system.nbody_to_si(1.0 | units.MSun, 149.5e6 | units.km)
        instance = ph4(convert_nbody)  # , redirection="none")#, debugger="xterm")
        instance.initialize_code()

        instance.parameters.epsilon_squared = 0.0 | units.AU**2
        instance.parameters.timestep_parameter = 0.01

        stars = self.new_system_of_sun_and_earth()
        earth = stars[1]

        instance.particles.add_particles(stars)
        instance.commit_particles()

        instance.evolve_model(365 | units.day)

        instance.particles.copy_values_of_all_attributes_to(stars)

        position_at_start = earth.position.value_in(units.AU)[0]
        position_after_full_rotation = earth.position.value_in(units.AU)[0]
        self.assertAlmostEqual(position_at_start, position_after_full_rotation, 6)

        instance.evolve_model(365.0 + (365.0 / 2) | units.day)

        instance.particles.copy_values_of_all_attributes_to(stars)
        position_after_half_a_rotation = earth.position.value_in(units.AU)[0]
        self.assertAlmostEqual(-position_at_start, position_after_half_a_rotation, 3)

        instance.evolve_model(365.0 + (365.0 / 2) + (365.0 / 4) | units.day)

        instance.particles.copy_values_of_all_attributes_to(stars)
        position_after_half_a_rotation = earth.position.value_in(units.AU)[1]
        self.assertAlmostEqual(-position_at_start, position_after_half_a_rotation, 3)

        instance.cleanup_code()

        instance.stop()

    def test2(self):
        convert_nbody = nbody_system.nbody_to_si(1.0 | units.MSun, 149.5e6 | units.km)
        instance = ph4(convert_nbody)

        instance.initialize_code()
        instance.parameters.epsilon_squared = 0.0 | units.AU**2
        instance.parameters.timestep_parameter = 0.01
        instance.dt_dia = 5000

        stars = self.new_system_of_sun_and_earth()
        earth = stars[1]
        instance.particles.add_particles(stars)
        instance.commit_particles()

        for x in range(1, 365, 30):
            instance.evolve_model(x | units.day)
            instance.particles.copy_values_of_all_attributes_to(stars)
            stars.savepoint()

        if HAS_MATPLOTLIB:
            figure = pyplot.figure()
            plot = figure.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)

            x_points = earth.get_timeline_of_attribute("x")
            y_points = earth.get_timeline_of_attribute("y")

            x_points_in_AU = [t_x[1].value_in(units.AU) for t_x in x_points]
            y_points_in_AU = [t_x1[1].value_in(units.AU) for t_x1 in y_points]

            plot.scatter(x_points_in_AU, y_points_in_AU, color="b", marker='o')

            plot.set_xlim(-1.5, 1.5)
            plot.set_ylim(-1.5, 1.5)

            test_results_path = self.get_path_to_results()
            output_file = os.path.join(test_results_path, "ph4-earth-sun2.svg")
            figure.savefig(output_file)

        instance.cleanup_code()
        instance.stop()

    def test3(self):
        convert_nbody = nbody_system.nbody_to_si(5.0 | units.kg, 10.0 | units.m)

        instance = ph4(convert_nbody)

        instance.initialize_code()

        particles = datamodel.Particles(2)
        self.assertEqual(len(instance.particles), 0)

        particles.mass = [15.0, 30.0] | units.kg
        particles.radius = [10.0, 20.0] | units.m
        particles.position = [[10.0, 20.0, 30.0], [20.0, 40.0, 60.0]] | units.m
        particles.velocity = [[0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]] | units.m / units.s

        instance.particles.add_particles(particles)
        self.assertEqual(len(instance.particles), 2)
        instance.commit_particles()

        instance.particles.mass = [17.0, 33.0] | units.kg

        self.assertEqual(instance.get_mass(1), 17.0 | units.kg)
        self.assertEqual(instance.get_mass(2), 33.0 | units.kg)

        instance.cleanup_code()
        instance.stop()

    def test4(self):
        instance = ph4()
        instance.initialize_code()

        particles = datamodel.Particles(6)
        particles.mass = nbody_system.mass.new_quantity(range(1, 7))
        particles.radius = 0.00001 | nbody_system.length
        particles.position = [[-1.0, 0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, -1.0, 0.0], [0.0, 1.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, -1.0], [0.0, 0.0, 1.0]] | nbody_system.length
        particles.velocity = [[0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]] | nbody_system.speed
        instance.particles.add_particles(particles)

        instance.commit_particles()
        copyof = instance.particles.copy()

        instance.cleanup_code()
        instance.stop()

        self.assertEqual(2 | nbody_system.mass, copyof[1].mass)

    def test5(self):
        instance = ph4()
        instance.initialize_code()
        instance.parameters.manage_encounters = 2
        instance.parameters.epsilon_squared = 0.0 | nbody_system.length ** 2
        particles = datamodel.Particles(6)
        particles.mass = [0.01, 0.1,  0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1] | nbody_system.mass
        particles.radius = 0.1 | nbody_system.length
        particles.position = [
            [-1.0, 0.0, 0.0],  # first two close together
            [-1.2, 0.0, 0.0],
            [0.0, 4.0, 0.0],  # rest far away
            [0.0, 5.0, 0.0],
            [0.0, 6.0, 0.0],
            [0.0, 7.0, 0.0]
        ] | nbody_system.length
        particles.velocity = [[0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]] | nbody_system.speed

        instance.particles.add_particles(particles)

        instance.commit_particles()
        instance.evolve_model(0.1 | nbody_system.time)

        instance.update_particle_set()

        self.assertEqual(len(instance.particles), 5)
        self.assertEqual(instance.particles.index_in_code, [3, 4, 5, 6, 10])
        self.assertEqual(instance.particles.mass, [0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.11] | nbody_system.mass)

        self.assertEqual(len(particles), 6)
        instance.particles.synchronize_to(particles)
        self.assertEqual(len(particles), 5)
        self.assertEqual(particles.mass, [0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.11] | nbody_system.mass)

        binary_energy1, error = instance.legacy_interface.get_binary_energy()
        self.assertEqual(error, 0)
        self.assertTrue(binary_energy1 < 0)

        binary_energy2 = instance.get_binary_energy()

        instance.cleanup_code()
        instance.stop()

        self.assertEqual(binary_energy2.value_in(nbody_system.energy), binary_energy1)

    def test6(self):
        instance = ph4()
        instance.initialize_code()
        instance.parameters.epsilon_squared = 0.0 | nbody_system.length**2

        particles = datamodel.Particles(2)
        particles.mass = [1.0, 1.0] | nbody_system.mass
        particles.radius = [0.0001, 0.0001] | nbody_system.length
        particles.position = [[0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [2.0, 0.0, 0.0]] | nbody_system.length
        particles.velocity = [[0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]] | nbody_system.speed
        instance.particles.add_particles(particles)

        instance.commit_particles()

        zero = 0.0 | nbody_system.length
        fx, fy, fz = instance.get_gravity_at_point(zero, 1.0 | nbody_system.length, zero, zero)
        self.assertAlmostEqual(fx, 0.0 | nbody_system.acceleration, 3)
        self.assertAlmostEqual(fy, 0.0 | nbody_system.acceleration, 3)
        self.assertAlmostEqual(fz, 0.0 | nbody_system.acceleration, 3)
        for x in (0.25, 0.5, 0.75):
            x0 = x | nbody_system.length
            x1 = (2.0 - x) | nbody_system.length
            potential0 = instance.get_potential_at_point(zero, x0, zero, zero)
            potential1 = instance.get_potential_at_point(zero, x1, zero, zero)
            fx0, fy0, fz0 = instance.get_gravity_at_point(zero, x0, zero, zero)
            fx1, fy1, fz1 = instance.get_gravity_at_point(zero, x1, zero, zero)

            self.assertAlmostEqual(fy0, 0.0 | nbody_system.acceleration, 3)
            self.assertAlmostEqual(fz0, 0.0 | nbody_system.acceleration, 3)
            self.assertAlmostEqual(fy1, 0.0 | nbody_system.acceleration, 3)
            self.assertAlmostEqual(fz1, 0.0 | nbody_system.acceleration, 3)

            self.assertAlmostEqual(fx0, -1.0 * fx1, 5)
            fx = (-1.0 / (x0**2) + 1.0 / (x1**2)) * (1.0 | nbody_system.length ** 3 / nbody_system.time ** 2)
            self.assertAlmostEqual(fx, fx0, 2)
            self.assertAlmostEqual(potential0, potential1, 5)

        instance.stop()

    def xtest7(self):
        instance = ph4()
        instance.initialize_code()
        instance.parameters.epsilon_squared = 0.0 | nbody_system.length**2
        instance.set_eta(0.01, 0.02)

        particles = datamodel.Particles(2)
        particles.mass = [1.0, 1.0] | nbody_system.mass
        particles.radius = [0.0001, 0.0001] | nbody_system.length
        particles.position = [[0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [2.0, 0.0, 0.0]] | nbody_system.length
        particles.velocity = [[0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]] | nbody_system.speed
        instance.particles.add_particles(particles)

        instance.initialize_particles(0.0)

        zero = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0] | nbody_system.length
        fx, fy, fz = instance.get_gravity_at_point(zero, [0.5, 1.0, 1.5] | nbody_system.length, zero, zero)
        self.assertAlmostRelativeEqual(fx[0], -3.55555555556 | nbody_system.acceleration, 5)
        self.assertAlmostRelativeEqual(fy[0], 0.0 | nbody_system.acceleration, 3)
        self.assertAlmostRelativeEqual(fz[0], 0.0 | nbody_system.acceleration, 3)
        self.assertAlmostRelativeEqual(fx[1], 0.0 | nbody_system.acceleration, 3)
        self.assertAlmostRelativeEqual(fy[1], 0.0 | nbody_system.acceleration, 3)
        self.assertAlmostRelativeEqual(fz[1], 0.0 | nbody_system.acceleration, 3)
        self.assertAlmostRelativeEqual(fx[2], 3.55555555556 | nbody_system.acceleration, 5)
        self.assertAlmostRelativeEqual(fy[2], 0.0 | nbody_system.acceleration, 3)
        self.assertAlmostRelativeEqual(fz[2], 0.0 | nbody_system.acceleration, 3)

        n = 512
        x = nbody_system.length.new_quantity(numpy.linspace(0.1, 1.9, n))
        zero = nbody_system.length.new_quantity(numpy.zeros(n))
        fx, fy, fz = instance.get_gravity_at_point(zero, x, zero, zero)
        for i in range(n/2):
            self.assertAlmostRelativeEqual(fx[i], - fx[n - 1 - i], 5)

        instance.stop()

    def xtest8(self):
        particles = datamodel.Particles(6)
        particles.mass = nbody_system.mass.new_quantity(range(1, 7))
        particles.radius = 0.00001 | nbody_system.length
        particles.position = [[-1.0, 0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, -1.0, 0.0], [0.0, 1.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, -1.0], [0.0, 0.0, 1.0]] | nbody_system.length
        particles.velocity = [[0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]] | nbody_system.speed

        for current_mode in ['gpu']:
            try:
                instance = ph4(mode=current_mode)
            except:
                print("Running PhiGRAPE with mode=", current_mode, " was unsuccessful.")
            else:
                print("Running PhiGRAPE with mode=", current_mode, "... ", end=' ')
                instance.initialize_code()
                instance.particles.add_particles(particles)
                instance.initialize_particles(0.0)
                instance.evolve_model(0.1 | nbody_system.time)
                instance.cleanup_code()
                instance.stop()
                print("ok")

    def test10(self):
        instance = ph4()
        instance.initialize_code()

        instance.parameters.epsilon_squared = 0.0 | nbody_system.length**2
        instance.parameters.timestep_parameter = 0.01

        stars = new_plummer_model(100)

        instance.particles.add_particles(stars)
        channel = stars.new_channel_to(instance.particles)

        instance.evolve_model(0.001 | nbody_system.time)

        e0 = instance.kinetic_energy + instance.potential_energy

        stars.mass *= 0.9
        channel.copy()

        instance.synchronize_model()

        e1 = instance.kinetic_energy + instance.potential_energy

        instance.cleanup_code()
        instance.stop()

        delta_e = e1 - e0

        self.assertTrue(e1 != e0)

    def test10b(self):
        instance = ph4(number_of_workers=2)
        instance.initialize_code()

        instance.parameters.epsilon_squared = 0.0 | nbody_system.length**2
        instance.parameters.timestep_parameter = 0.01

        stars = new_plummer_model(100)

        instance.particles.add_particles(stars)
        channel = stars.new_channel_to(instance.particles)

        instance.evolve_model(0.001 | nbody_system.time)

        e0 = instance.kinetic_energy + instance.potential_energy

        stars.mass *= 0.9
        channel.copy()

        instance.synchronize_model()

        e1 = instance.kinetic_energy + instance.potential_energy

        instance.cleanup_code()
        instance.stop()

        delta_e = e1 - e0

        self.assertTrue(e1 != e0)

    def test11(self):
        print("Testing PH4 collision_detection")
        particles = datamodel.Particles(7)
        particles.mass = 0.000001 | nbody_system.mass
        particles.radius = 0.01 | nbody_system.length
        particles.x = [-101.0, -100.0, -0.5, 0.5, 100.0, 101.0, 104.0] | nbody_system.length
        particles.y = 0 | nbody_system.length
        particles.z = 0 | nbody_system.length
        particles.velocity = [[2, 0, 0], [-2, 0, 0]]*3 + [[-4, 0, 0]] | nbody_system.speed

        instance = ph4()
        instance.initialize_code()
        instance.parameters.set_defaults()
        instance.parameters.epsilon_squared = 0 | nbody_system.length**2
        instance.particles.add_particles(particles)
        collisions = instance.stopping_conditions.collision_detection
        collisions.enable()

        for i in range(3):  # PH4 can handle only one collision (=closest) at a time
            instance.evolve_model(1.0 | nbody_system.time)

            self.assertTrue(collisions.is_set())
            self.assertTrue(instance.model_time < 0.5 | nbody_system.time)
            self.assertEqual(len(collisions.particles(0)), 1)
            self.assertEqual(len(collisions.particles(1)), 1)
            self.assertEqual(len(instance.particles - collisions.particles(0) - collisions.particles(1)), 5 - i)
            self.assertEqual(abs(collisions.particles(0).x - collisions.particles(1).x) <
                (collisions.particles(0).radius + collisions.particles(1).radius), True)

            sticky_merged = datamodel.Particles(len(collisions.particles(0)))
            sticky_merged.mass = collisions.particles(0).mass + collisions.particles(1).mass
            sticky_merged.radius = collisions.particles(0).radius
            for p1, p2, merged in zip(collisions.particles(0), collisions.particles(1), sticky_merged):
                merged.position = (p1 + p2).center_of_mass()
                merged.velocity = (p1 + p2).center_of_mass_velocity()

            print(instance.model_time)
            print(instance.particles)
            instance.particles.remove_particles(collisions.particles(0) + collisions.particles(1))
            instance.particles.add_particles(sticky_merged)

        instance.evolve_model(1.0 | nbody_system.time)
        print()
        print(instance.model_time)
        print(instance.particles)
        self.assertTrue(collisions.is_set())
        self.assertTrue(instance.model_time < 1.0 | nbody_system.time)
        self.assertEqual(len(collisions.particles(0)), 1)
        self.assertEqual(len(collisions.particles(1)), 1)
        self.assertEqual(len(instance.particles - collisions.particles(0) - collisions.particles(1)), 2)
        self.assertEqual(abs(collisions.particles(0).x - collisions.particles(1).x) <
                (collisions.particles(0).radius + collisions.particles(1).radius),
                [True])
        instance.stop()

    def xtest11(self):
        particles = datamodel.Particles(2)
        particles.x = [
            0.0, 1.0,
            # 5,7,
            # 10,12,
            # 15,17,
            # 20,22
        ] | nbody_system.length
        particles.y = 0 | nbody_system.length
        particles.z = 0 | nbody_system.length
        particles.radius = 0.75 | nbody_system.length
        particles.vx = 0.1 | nbody_system.speed
        particles.vy = 0 | nbody_system.speed
        particles.vz = 0 | nbody_system.speed
        particles.mass = 0 | nbody_system.mass

        instance = ph4()
        instance.initialize_code()
        instance.parameters.epsilon_squared = (0.01 | nbody_system.length)**2
        instance.particles.add_particles(particles)
        instance.stopping_conditions.collision_detection.enable()
        instance.evolve_model(0.5 | nbody_system.time)
        self.assertTrue(instance.stopping_conditions.collision_detection.is_set())
        self.assertEqual(len(instance.stopping_conditions.collision_detection.particles(0)), 2)
        p0 = instance.stopping_conditions.collision_detection.particles(0)[0]
        p1 = instance.stopping_conditions.collision_detection.particles(1)[0]
        self.assertNotEqual(p0, p1)
        self.assertTrue(p1.x - p0.x < 1.5 | nbody_system.length)
        instance.stop()

    def xtest12(self):
        particles = datamodel.Particles(2)
        particles.x = [
            0.0, 1.0,
            # 5,7,
            # 10,12,
            # 15,17,
            # 20,22
        ] | nbody_system.length
        particles.y = 0 | nbody_system.length
        particles.z = 0 | nbody_system.length
        particles.radius = 0.75 | nbody_system.length
        particles.vx = 0 | nbody_system.speed
        particles.vy = 0 | nbody_system.speed
        particles.vz = 0 | nbody_system.speed
        particles.mass = 1.0 | nbody_system.mass

        instance = ph4()
        instance.initialize_code()
        instance.parameters.epsilon_squared = (0.01 | nbody_system.length)**2
        instance.particles.add_particles(particles)
        instance.stopping_conditions.pair_detection.enable()
        instance.evolve_model(1.5 | nbody_system.time)
        self.assertTrue(instance.stopping_conditions.pair_detection.is_set())
        self.assertEqual(len(instance.stopping_conditions.pair_detection.particles(0)), 2)
        p0 = instance.stopping_conditions.pair_detection.particles(0)[0]
        p1 = instance.stopping_conditions.pair_detection.particles(1)[0]
        self.assertNotEqual(p0, p1)
        self.assertTrue(p1.x - p0.x < 1.5 | nbody_system.length)
        instance.stop()

    def xtest13(self):
        particles = datamodel.Particles(2)
        particles.x = [0.0, 10.0] | nbody_system.length
        particles.y = 0 | nbody_system.length
        particles.z = 0 | nbody_system.length
        particles.radius = 0.005 | nbody_system.length
        particles.vx = 0 | nbody_system.speed
        particles.vy = 0 | nbody_system.speed
        particles.vz = 0 | nbody_system.speed
        particles.mass = 1.0 | nbody_system.mass

        instance = ph4()
        instance.initialize_code()
        instance.parameters.stopping_conditions_number_of_steps = 2
        self.assertEqual(instance.parameters.stopping_conditions_number_of_steps, 2)
        instance.parameters.epsilon_squared = (0.01 | nbody_system.length)**2
        instance.particles.add_particles(particles)
        instance.stopping_conditions.number_of_steps_detection.enable()
        instance.evolve_model(10 | nbody_system.time)
        self.assertTrue(instance.stopping_conditions.number_of_steps_detection.is_set())
        self.assertTrue(instance.model_time < 10 | nbody_system.time)

        instance.stop()

    def xtest14(self):
        particles = datamodel.Particles(2)
        particles.x = [0.0, 10.0] | nbody_system.length
        particles.y = 0 | nbody_system.length
        particles.z = 0 | nbody_system.length
        particles.radius = 0.005 | nbody_system.length
        particles.vx = 0 | nbody_system.speed
        particles.vy = 0 | nbody_system.speed
        particles.vz = 0 | nbody_system.speed
        particles.mass = 1.0 | nbody_system.mass

        very_short_time_to_evolve = 1 | units.s
        very_long_time_to_evolve = 1e9 | nbody_system.time

        instance = ph4()
        instance.initialize_code()
        instance.parameters.stopping_conditions_timeout = very_short_time_to_evolve
        self.assertEqual(instance.parameters.stopping_conditions_timeout, very_short_time_to_evolve)
        instance.parameters.epsilon_squared = (0.01 | nbody_system.length)**2
        instance.particles.add_particles(particles)
        instance.stopping_conditions.timeout_detection.enable()
        start = time.time()
        instance.evolve_model(very_long_time_to_evolve)
        end = time.time()
        self.assertTrue(instance.stopping_conditions.timeout_detection.is_set())
        self.assertTrue((end-start) < very_short_time_to_evolve.value_in(units.s) + 2)  # 2 = some overhead compensation

        instance.stop()

    def test15(self):
        instance = ph4()
        instance.initialize_code()

        particles = datamodel.Particles(2)
        particles.mass = [1.0, 1.0] | nbody_system.mass
        particles.radius = [0.0001, 0.0001] | nbody_system.length
        particles.position = [[0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [2.0, 0.0, 0.0]] | nbody_system.length
        particles.velocity = [[0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]] | nbody_system.speed
        instance.particles.add_particles(particles)

        mass = instance.particles[0].mass

        instance.cleanup_code()
        instance.stop()

        self.assertEqual(mass, 1.0 | nbody_system.mass)

    def test16(self):
        print("Testing ph4 states")
        stars = new_plummer_model(100)
        black_hole = datamodel.Particle()
        black_hole.mass = 1.0 | nbody_system.mass
        black_hole.radius = 0.0 | nbody_system.length
        black_hole.position = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0] | nbody_system.length
        black_hole.velocity = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0] | nbody_system.speed

        print("First do everything manually:")
        instance = ph4()
        self.assertEqual(instance.get_name_of_current_state(), 'UNINITIALIZED')
        instance.initialize_code()
        self.assertEqual(instance.get_name_of_current_state(), 'INITIALIZED')
        instance.parameters.epsilon_squared = 0.0 | nbody_system.length**2
        instance.parameters.timestep_parameter = 0.01
        instance.commit_parameters()
        self.assertEqual(instance.get_name_of_current_state(), 'EDIT')
        instance.particles.add_particles(stars)
        instance.commit_particles()
        self.assertEqual(instance.get_name_of_current_state(), 'RUN')
        instance.particles.remove_particle(stars[0])
        instance.particles.add_particle(black_hole)
        self.assertEqual(instance.get_name_of_current_state(), 'UPDATE')
        instance.recommit_particles()
        self.assertEqual(instance.get_name_of_current_state(), 'RUN')
        instance.evolve_model(0.001 | nbody_system.time)
        self.assertEqual(instance.get_name_of_current_state(), 'EVOLVED')
        instance.synchronize_model()
        self.assertEqual(instance.get_name_of_current_state(), 'RUN')
        instance.cleanup_code()
        self.assertEqual(instance.get_name_of_current_state(), 'END')
        instance.stop()

        print("initialize_code(), commit_parameters(), (re)commit_particles(), "
            "synchronize_model(), and cleanup_code() should be called "
            "automatically before editing parameters, new_particle(), get_xx(), and stop():")
        instance = ph4()
        self.assertEqual(instance.get_name_of_current_state(), 'UNINITIALIZED')
        instance.parameters.epsilon_squared = 0.0 | nbody_system.length**2
        instance.parameters.timestep_parameter = 0.01
        self.assertEqual(instance.get_name_of_current_state(), 'INITIALIZED')
        instance.particles.add_particles(stars)
        self.assertEqual(instance.get_name_of_current_state(), 'EDIT')
        mass = instance.particles[0].mass
        self.assertEqual(instance.get_name_of_current_state(), 'RUN')
        instance.particles.remove_particle(stars[0])
        instance.particles.add_particle(black_hole)
        self.assertEqual(instance.get_name_of_current_state(), 'UPDATE')
        mass = instance.particles[0].mass
        self.assertEqual(instance.get_name_of_current_state(), 'RUN')
        instance.evolve_model(0.001 | nbody_system.time)
        self.assertEqual(instance.get_name_of_current_state(), 'EVOLVED')
        mass = instance.particles[0].mass
        self.assertEqual(instance.get_name_of_current_state(), 'RUN')
        instance.stop()
        self.assertEqual(instance.get_name_of_current_state(), 'STOPPED')

    def test17(self):
        print("Testing parameter defaults")

        instance = ph4()
        instance.parameters.epsilon_squared = 0.5 | nbody_system.length * nbody_system.length

        particles = datamodel.Particles(2)
        particles.mass = [1.0, 1.0] | nbody_system.mass
        particles.radius = [0.0001, 0.0001] | nbody_system.length
        particles.position = [[0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [2.0, 0.0, 0.0]] | nbody_system.length
        particles.velocity = [[0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]] | nbody_system.speed
        instance.particles.add_particles(particles)

        self.assertAlmostRelativeEquals(instance.parameters.epsilon_squared,  0.5 | nbody_system.length * nbody_system.length)
        self.assertAlmostRelativeEquals(instance.parameters.timestep_parameter,  0.14)
        self.assertAlmostRelativeEquals(instance.parameters.use_gpu, 0)
        self.assertAlmostRelativeEquals(instance.parameters.manage_encounters, 4)

    def test18(self):
        print("Testing effect of ph4 parameter epsilon_squared")
        converter = nbody_system.nbody_to_si(1.0 | units.MSun, 1.0 | units.AU)
        particles = datamodel.Particles(2)
        particles.mass = [1.0, 3.0037e-6] | units.MSun
        particles.radius = 1.0 | units.RSun
        particles.position = [[0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0, 0.0]] | units.AU
        particles.velocity = [[0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]] | units.km / units.s
        particles[1].vy = (constants.G * particles.total_mass() / (1.0 | units.AU)).sqrt()
        particles.rotate(0.0, 0.0, math.pi/4)
        particles.move_to_center()

        tan_initial_direction = particles[1].vy/particles[1].vx
        self.assertAlmostEqual(tan_initial_direction, math.tan(-math.pi/4))
        tan_final_direction = []
        for log_eps2 in range(-5, 6, 2):
            instance = ph4(converter)
            instance.initialize_code()
            instance.parameters.epsilon_squared = 10.0**log_eps2 | units.AU ** 2
            instance.parameters.timestep_parameter = 0.001
            instance.commit_parameters()
            instance.particles.add_particles(particles)
            instance.commit_particles()
            instance.evolve_model(0.25 | units.yr)
            tan_final_direction.append(instance.particles[1].velocity[1] /
                instance.particles[1].velocity[0])
            instance.cleanup_code()
            instance.stop()
        # Small values of epsilon_squared should result in normal earth-sun dynamics: rotation of 90 degrees
        self.assertAlmostEqual(tan_final_direction[0], math.tan(math.pi / 4.0), 2)
        # Large values of epsilon_squared should result in ~ no interaction
        self.assertAlmostEqual(tan_final_direction[-1], tan_initial_direction, 2)
        # Outcome is most sensitive to epsilon_squared when epsilon_squared = d(earth, sun)^2
        delta = [abs(tan_final_direction[i+1]-tan_final_direction[i]) for i in range(len(tan_final_direction)-1)]
        self.assertEqual(delta[len(tan_final_direction)//2 - 1], max(delta))

    def test19(self):
        print("Testing ph4 properties")
        particles = new_plummer_model(1000, do_scale=True)
        particles.position += [1, 2, 3] | nbody_system.length
        cluster_velocity = [4, 5, 6] | nbody_system.speed
        particles.velocity += cluster_velocity
        external_kinetic_energy = (0.5 | nbody_system.mass) * cluster_velocity.length_squared()

        instance = ph4()
        instance.particles.add_particles(particles)

        kinetic_energy = instance.kinetic_energy - external_kinetic_energy
        potential_energy = instance.potential_energy
        self.assertAlmostRelativeEqual(kinetic_energy, 0.25 | nbody_system.energy, 10)
        self.assertAlmostRelativeEqual(potential_energy, -0.5 | nbody_system.energy, 10)
        self.assertAlmostRelativeEqual(instance.total_mass, 1.0 | nbody_system.mass, 10)
        self.assertAlmostRelativeEqual(instance.center_of_mass_position,
            [1, 2, 3] | nbody_system.length, 10)
        self.assertAlmostRelativeEqual(instance.center_of_mass_velocity,
            [4, 5, 6] | nbody_system.speed, 10)
        initial_total_energy = kinetic_energy + potential_energy

        instance.evolve_model(0.1 | nbody_system.time)
        self.assertAlmostRelativeEqual(instance.model_time, 0.1 | nbody_system.time, 3)
        kinetic_energy = instance.kinetic_energy - external_kinetic_energy
        potential_energy = instance.potential_energy
        self.assertAlmostRelativeEqual(kinetic_energy+potential_energy, -0.25 | nbody_system.energy, 3)
        self.assertAlmostRelativeEqual(instance.total_mass, 1.0 | nbody_system.mass, 3)
        self.assertAlmostRelativeEqual(instance.center_of_mass_position,
            [1.4, 2.5, 3.6] | nbody_system.length, 3)
        self.assertAlmostRelativeEqual(instance.center_of_mass_velocity,
            [4, 5, 6] | nbody_system.speed, 3)

        instance.cleanup_code()
        instance.stop()

    def test20(self):
        instance = ph4()
        instance.initialize_code()
        instance.parameters.epsilon_squared = 0.00001 | nbody_system.length**2

        particles = datamodel.Particles(2)
        particles.mass = [1.0, 1.0] | nbody_system.mass
        particles.radius = [0.0001, 0.0001] | nbody_system.length
        particles.position = [[0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [2.0, 0.0, 0.0]] | nbody_system.length
        particles.velocity = [[0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]] | nbody_system.speed
        instance.particles.add_particles(particles)

        zero = 0.0 | nbody_system.length
        fx, fy, fz = instance.get_gravity_at_point(zero, 1.0 | nbody_system.length, zero, zero)
        self.assertAlmostEqual(fx, 0.0 | nbody_system.acceleration, 6)
        self.assertAlmostEqual(fy, 0.0 | nbody_system.acceleration, 6)
        self.assertAlmostEqual(fz, 0.0 | nbody_system.acceleration, 6)
        potentials = [-4.57110767688, -2.66662518639, -2.13331892165] | nbody_system.length**2 / (nbody_system.time**2)
        for x, pot in zip((0.25, 0.5, 0.75), potentials):
            x0 = x | nbody_system.length
            x1 = (2.0 - x) | nbody_system.length
            potential0 = instance.get_potential_at_point(zero, x0, zero, zero)
            potential1 = instance.get_potential_at_point(zero, x1, zero, zero)
            fx0, fy0, fz0 = instance.get_gravity_at_point(zero, x0, zero, zero)
            fx1, fy1, fz1 = instance.get_gravity_at_point(zero, x1, zero, zero)

            self.assertAlmostRelativeEquals(fy0, 0.0 | nbody_system.acceleration, 6)
            self.assertAlmostRelativeEquals(fz0, 0.0 | nbody_system.acceleration, 6)
            self.assertAlmostRelativeEquals(fy1, 0.0 | nbody_system.acceleration, 6)
            self.assertAlmostRelativeEquals(fz1, 0.0 | nbody_system.acceleration, 6)

            self.assertAlmostRelativeEquals(fx0, -1.0 * fx1, 5)
            fx = (-1.0 / (x0**2) + 1.0 / (x1**2)) * (1.0 | nbody_system.length ** 3 / nbody_system.time ** 2)
            print(fx, fx0)
            self.assertAlmostRelativeEquals(fx, fx0, 2)
            self.assertAlmostRelativeEquals(potential0, potential1, 5)
            self.assertAlmostRelativeEquals(potential0, pot, 5)
        instance.stop()

    def test21_noci(self):
        particles = new_plummer_model(200)
        particles.scale_to_standard()
        instance = ph4()
        instance.initialize_code()
        instance.parameters.epsilon_squared = 0.00000 | nbody_system.length**2
        instance.particles.add_particles(particles)

        x = numpy.arange(-1, 1, 0.1) | nbody_system.length
        zero = numpy.zeros(len(x)) | nbody_system.length
        potential0 = instance.get_potential_at_point(zero, x, zero, zero)
        instance.stop()
        for n in (2, 3, 4):

            instance = ph4(number_of_workers=n)
            instance.initialize_code()
            instance.parameters.epsilon_squared = 0.00000 | nbody_system.length**2
            instance.particles.add_particles(particles)
            potential = instance.get_potential_at_point(zero, x, zero, zero)

            self.assertAlmostRelativeEquals(potential0, potential, 8)
            instance.stop()

    def test22_gpu(self):
        particles = new_plummer_model(200)
        particles.scale_to_standard()
        try:
            instance = ph4(mode="gpu")
        except:
            self.skip("gpu mode is not available")

        instance.initialize_code()
        instance.parameters.epsilon_squared = 0.00000 | nbody_system.length**2
        instance.particles.add_particles(particles)

        x = numpy.arange(-1, 1, 0.1) | nbody_system.length
        zero = numpy.zeros(len(x)) | nbody_system.length
        gpu_potential = instance.get_potential_at_point(zero, x, zero, zero)
        instance.stop()

        instance = ph4()
        instance.initialize_code()
        instance.parameters.epsilon_squared = 0.00000 | nbody_system.length**2
        instance.particles.add_particles(particles)
        nogpu_potential = instance.get_potential_at_point(zero, x, zero, zero)

        self.assertAlmostRelativeEquals(nogpu_potential, gpu_potential, 5)
        instance.stop()

    def test23(self):

        particles = datamodel.Particles(
            mass=[1, 2] | nbody_system.mass,
            x=[-1, 1] | nbody_system.length,
            y=[-1, 1] | nbody_system.length,
            z=[-1, 1] | nbody_system.length,
            vx=[-1, 1] | nbody_system.speed,
            vy=[-1, 1] | nbody_system.speed,
            vz=[-1, 1] | nbody_system.speed
        )

        instance = ph4()

        overlay = datamodel.ParticlesOverlay(instance.particles)

        overlay.add_particles(particles)
        all_attributes = overlay.get_values_in_store(overlay.get_all_indices_in_store(), ['mass', 'x', 'y', 'z', 'vx', 'vy', 'vz'])

        self.assertEqual(all_attributes[0], [1, 2] | nbody_system.mass)
        self.assertEqual(instance.particles.mass, [1, 2] | nbody_system.mass)
        self.assertEqual(overlay.mass, [1, 2] | nbody_system.mass)
        self.assertEqual(overlay.position, [[-1., -1., -1.], [1.,  1.,  1.]] | nbody_system.length)

    def test24(self):

        particles = datamodel.Particles(
            mass=[1, 2] | nbody_system.mass,
            x=[-1, 1] | nbody_system.length,
            y=[-1, 1] | nbody_system.length,
            z=[-1, 1] | nbody_system.length,
            vx=[-1, 1] | nbody_system.speed,
            vy=[-1, 1] | nbody_system.speed,
            vz=[-1, 1] | nbody_system.speed
        )

        instance = ph4()

        instance.particles.add_particles(particles)
        self.assertEqual(len(instance.particles), 2)
        self.assertAlmostRelativeEquals(instance.particles.mass, [1, 2] | nbody_system.mass)

        instance.cleanup_code()
        instance.initialize_code()

        instance.particles.add_particles(particles)
        self.assertEqual(len(instance.particles), 2)
        self.assertAlmostRelativeEquals(instance.particles.mass, [1, 2] | nbody_system.mass)

    def test25(self):

        particles = datamodel.Particles(
            mass=[1, 2] | nbody_system.mass,
            x=[-1, 1] | nbody_system.length,
            y=[-1, 1] | nbody_system.length,
            z=[-1, 1] | nbody_system.length,
            vx=[-1, 1] | nbody_system.speed,
            vy=[-1, 1] | nbody_system.speed,
            vz=[-1, 1] | nbody_system.speed,
            id=[3, 4]
        )

        instance = ph4()

        instance.particles.add_particles(particles)
        self.assertEqual(instance.particles.index_in_code, [3, 4])
        instance.commit_particles()
        instance.particles.remove_particle(particles[1])
        instance.recommit_particles()
        self.assertEqual(instance.particles.index_in_code, [3])
        instance.particles.add_particle(particles[1])
        instance.recommit_particles()
        self.assertEqual(instance.particles.index_in_code, [3, 4])

    def test26(self):

        particles = datamodel.Particles(
            mass=[1, 2] | nbody_system.mass,
            x=[-1, 1] | nbody_system.length,
            y=[0, 0] | nbody_system.length,
            z=[0, 0] | nbody_system.length,
            vx=[-1, 1] | nbody_system.speed,
            vy=[-1, 1] | nbody_system.speed,
            vz=[-1, 1] | nbody_system.speed,
            id=[3, 4]
        )

        instance = ph4()

        instance.particles.add_particles(particles)
        self.assertEqual(instance.particles.index_in_code, [3, 4])
        instance.commit_particles()
        print(instance.particles[0].potential_in_code)
        self.assertEqual(instance.particles[0].potential(G=nbody_system.G), -(nbody_system.G * (2 | nbody_system.mass)) / (2 | nbody_system.length))
        self.assertEqual(instance.particles[0].potential_in_code, -(nbody_system.G * (2 | nbody_system.mass)) / (2 | nbody_system.length))

    def test27(self):
        print("Testing get timestep of particles")
        with_softening = True

        particles = datamodel.Particles(7)
        particles.mass = 0.1 | nbody_system.mass
        particles.radius = 0.01 | nbody_system.length
        particles.x = [-101.0, -100.0, -2.0, 2.0, 98.0, 102.0, 104.0] | nbody_system.length
        particles.y = 0 | nbody_system.length
        particles.z = 0 | nbody_system.length
        particles.velocity = [[2, 0, 0], [-2, 0, 0]]*3 + [[-5, 0, 0]] | nbody_system.speed
        total_energy = particles.potential_energy(G=nbody_system.G) + particles.kinetic_energy()

        instance = ph4()
        instance.initialize_code()
        instance.parameters.set_defaults()

        if with_softening:
            print("small amount of softening will prevent timesteps far below 1e-6 and huge energy errors...")
            instance.parameters.epsilon_squared = 1.0e-10 | nbody_system.length**2
        instance.particles.add_particles(particles)

        for target_time, min_dt, n_digits in zip([0, 0.23, 0.24, 0.26, 0.27] | nbody_system.time,
                [0.5**10, 0.5**11, 0.5**20, 0.5**10, 0.5**10] | nbody_system.time,
                [10, 7, 4, 5, 5]):
            instance.evolve_model(target_time)
            if with_softening:
                self.assertEqual(instance.particles.timestep.amin(), min_dt)
                self.assertAlmostRelativeEquals(instance.potential_energy + instance.kinetic_energy, total_energy, n_digits)
            else:
                print("\ntarget_time:", target_time)
                print("minimum timestep:", instance.particles.timestep.amin())
                print("energy error:", (instance.potential_energy + instance.kinetic_energy - total_energy) / total_energy)
            total_energy = instance.potential_energy + instance.kinetic_energy
        instance.stop()

    def test28(self):

        particles = datamodel.Particles(
            mass=[1, 2] | nbody_system.mass,
            x=[-2, 2] | nbody_system.length,
            y=[0, 0] | nbody_system.length,
            z=[0, 0] | nbody_system.length,
            vx=[-1, 1] | nbody_system.speed,
            vy=[-1, 1] | nbody_system.speed,
            vz=[-1, 1] | nbody_system.speed
        )

        instance = ph4()

        instance.particles.add_particles(particles)
        instance.evolve_model(0.1 | nbody_system.time)
        self.assertEqual(len(instance.particles), 2)
        instance.particles.remove_particle(particles[0])
        instance.evolve_model(0.2 | nbody_system.time)
        self.assertEqual(len(instance.particles), 1)
