Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), Govt. of India, has approved the installation of an ‘Automatic Weathering Station’ (AWS) on The NorthCap University Campus, Gurugram. AWS is an automated type of weathering station which records real time data about weathering parameters like rainfall, humidity, sea level pressure, wind speed, wind direction, insulation, maximum and minimum temperature. Prof. Pramila Goyal, Distinguished Professor Emeritus, NCU says, “There is a deficit in real time weathering data collection in India, and the data obtained from AWS will be very useful for effectively monitoring and recording weathering parameters for research works related to environment assessment for BTech, MTech, and PhD students. Rainfall data obtained from the AWS will also be useful for regional farmers.”
The process of installation of AWS in NCU has already begun. Mr Sanjeev Tyagi, IMD visited NCU campus on 12 May 2017 and investigated a number of suitable sites for installation of AWS and has proposed a suitable site in the workshop area. Mr Sanjeev Tyagi says, “Govt. of India is focused on transition of weathering stations from manual to automatic due to its high range applicability. Currently there are only 675 AWS installed in India and nearly every district in India has been installed with an AWS.” He has affirmed that AWS equipment is likely to be installed at NCU within four to five months. Mr Tyagi also explained to the faculties of the Dept of Civil & Environmental Engineering the detailed methodology of processing data parameters obtained from AWS. The general public can also access the data from any AWS station in India through the IMD website.
It is a well-known fact that air quality of Gurugram is a matter of serious concern. The need of the hour is to have effective environmental policies for which reliable meteorological data is required. To enhance the assessment of air quality, Dept of Civil & Environmental Engineering discussed the need and scope of installing an ‘Air Quality Monitoring’ equipment at NCU, Gurugram.


A. Rooftops covered with grass, vegetable gardens and lush foliage are now a common sight in many cities around the world. More and more private companies and city authorities are investing in green roofs, drawn to their wide-ranging benefits. Among the benefits are saving on energy costs, mitigating the risk of floods, making habitats for urban wildlife, tackling air pollution and even growing food. These increasingly radical urban designs can help cities adapt to the monumental problems they face, such as access to resources and a lack of green space due to development. But the involvement of city authorities, businesses and other institutions is crucial to ensuring their success — as is research investigating different options to suit the variety of rooftop spaces found in cities. The UK is relatively new to developing green roofs, and local governments and institutions are playing a major role in spreading the practice. London is home to much of the UK’s green roof market, mainly due to forward-thinking policies such as the London Plan, which has paved the way to more than doubling the area of green roofs in the capital.
B. Ongoing research is showcasing how green roofs in cities can integrate with 'living walls': environmentally friendly walls which are partially or completely covered with greenery, including a growing medium, such as soil or water. Research also indicates that green roofs can be integrated with drainage systems on the ground, such as street trees, so that the water is managed better and the built environment is made more sustainable. There is also evidence to demonstrate the social value of green roofs. Doctors are increasingly prescribing time spent gardening outdoors for patients dealing with anxiety and depression. And research has found that access to even the most basic green spaces can provide a better quality of life for dementia sufferers and help people avoid obesity.
C. In North America, green roofs have become mainstream, with a wide array of expansive, accessible and food-producing roofs installed in buildings. Again, city leaders and authorities have helped push the movement forward — only recently, San Francisco, USA, created a policy requiring new buildings to have green roofs. Toronto, Canada, has policies dating from the 1990s, encouraging the development of urban farms on rooftops. These countries also benefit from having newer buildings than in many parts of the world, which makes it easier to install green roofs. Being able to keep enough water at roof height and distribute it right across the rooftop is crucial to maintaining the plants on any green roof — especially on ‘edible roofs’ where fruit and vegetables are farmed. And it’s much easier to do this in newer buildings, which can typically hold greater weight, than to retro-fit old ones. Having a stronger roof also makes it easier to grow a greater variety of plants, since the soil can be deeper.
D. For green roofs to become the norm for new developments, there needs to be support from public authorities and private investors. Those responsible for maintaining buildings may have to acquire new skills, such as landscaping, and in some cases, volunteers may be needed to help out. Other considerations include installing drainage paths, meeting health and safety requirements and perhaps allowing access for the public, as well as planning restrictions and disruption from regular activities in and around the buildings during installation. To convince investors and developers that installing green roofs is worthwhile, economic arguments are still the most important. The term 'natural capital' has been developed to explain the economic value of nature; for example, measuring the money saved by installing natural solutions to protect against flood damage, adapt to climate change or help people lead healthier and happier lives.
E. As the expertise about green roofs grows, official standards have been developed to ensure that they are designed, constructed and maintained properly, and function well. Improvements in the science and technology underpinning green roof development have also led to new variations in the concept. For example, ‘blue roofs’ enable buildings to hold water over longer periods of time, rather than draining it away quickly — crucial in times of heavier rainfall. There are also combinations of green roofs with solar panels, and ‘brown roofs’ which are wilder in nature and maximise biodiversity. If the trend continues, it could create new jobs and a more vibrant and sustainable local food economy — alongside many other benefits. There are still barriers to overcome, but the evidence so far indicates that green roofs have the potential to transform cities and help them function sustainably long into the future. The success stories need to be studied and replicated elsewhere, to make green, blue, brown and food-producing roofs the norm in cities around the world.


Protect Your Pavement From Water Damage
Schedule pavement crack filling & asphalt sealcoating services in Houston, TX
Cracks in your asphalt can allow water to damage your pavement's underlying structure. Luckily, Longhorn Construction in Houston, TX offers pavement crack filling and sealing services.
Pavement crack filling will:
Inhibit crack growth
Extend the life of your pavement
Prevent water damage
Choose from latex, rubber or elastomer for your pavement crack filling or sealing needs. Call us at 713-865-2600 today to get started on your pavement preservation project.


Home24h project successfully finished
At KANSAI HELIOS Group, we strive for quality surface protection and preservation of the natural beauty of wood, all while paying special attention to sustainability. We are proud to be part of the Home24h project, which represents the Smart Home of the Future for a comfortable and healthy living and working environment, bringing together the development and introduction of products by Slovenian companies intended for smart buildings of the future. We participated with our innovative and environmentally friendly coating systems with highly aesthetic and resilient qualities.
We developed a coating system for heavily used wooden surfaces for interior spaces, water-based UV curing coatings (UVEHEL AQUA), and water- based coatings (HIDROHEL) for lightly used surfaces, distinguished by easy maintenance and reduced dust accumulation. To protect exterior wooden surfaces, we used water-based varnish coating systems (AQUAVITA), which ensure longevity. We also included the oil-based environmentally friendly coating system (BIOHEL) for wooden terraces into the project.
The Home24h interactive catalogue is available on the link: interactive catalogue
Take a look inside the Home of the future on this link: https://lnkd.in/db9Wvwyu


To help those involved in architectural and environmental acoustics, sound and vibration expert Hottinger Brüel & Kjær (HBK) has designed the HBK 2255 Sound Level Meter, which provides a complete measurement solution.
The HBK 2255 Sound Level Meter is ideal for any sound measurement task, from measuring the environmental noise emissions of a new roadway, to verifying sound insulation performance between apartments.
Weighing just 400 grams, the lightweight sound level meter has a rubberized body for a secure grip and places the measurement controls right under the user’s thumb. It has Wi-Fi® and Bluetooth® built in and works with specially created mobile and PC apps, providing an entirely new level of efficiency and control. It can also operate as a stand-alone sound measurement device without an app.
HBK 2255 forms part of a new building acoustics measurement solution from HBK. The Building Acoustics Partner app provides full workflow support and wireless remote control for sound insulation measurements. The solution is completed with a HBK 2755 Smart Power Amplifier that enables wireless remote control of the sound source in a compact, robust and lightweight package.
More information about HBK 2255 is available on the company’s website.


The Optima Sonoran Village Phase II project is progressing nicely. This phase consists of three buildings totaling 20 stories of residential units and 2 stories of below grade parking.
The rough in phase of construction is complete in the eleven story building and we are now working to rough in the three story building. Tenants are scheduled to begin moving into the first building by the end of January 2015.
A big part of our success is due to the use of prefabricated wall rough. Our prefab division, NEF, manufactures the wall rough offsite and delivers it to the site in a crate that is marked for the specific suite it is to be installed.
We are constantly improving our prefab processes and currently our field communicates with prefab via a build sheet. This ensures that the shop product is adapted to the field’s specifications. Utilizing the prefab department has allowed us to increase jobsite productivity and lessen installation times. Also, by having the wall rough assembled in a controlled environment we are able to ensure consistency and superior product quality for our customer.
How are you working to increase productivity on your sites? Interested in learning how NEF can help you? Shoot me an email or give me a call.


Please be advised that there will be upcoming soil boring work to be completed on Rt. 71 near the intersection with Rt. 33. The work is being completed as part of the environmental investigation at Former Exxon Facility 37195 (Shafto’s Garage), located at 1000 Corlies Avenue, Neptune Township, NJ. To complete the work, we will be shifting the traffic lanes. The work is scheduled to take place on Friday, October 2, 2015.


|Statement||edited by John D.C. Crisp ; translated by Shigeru Matsuo.|
|Contributions||Crisp, John D C.|
|The Physical Object|
|Number of Pages||323|
Offering a self-contained approach that develops topics from the simple to the complex throughout, this book combines a rigorous exposition of the fundamentals of the strength and toughness of engineering solids with practical applications to engineering problems.5/5(1). Until now, the terminologies of “Interdisciplinary approach to fracture and strength of solid”, “Fractology” and “Combined micro and macro fracture mechanics” have been proposed, however, in this paper, the terminology of “Holistic” was proposed as the most suitable one to reflect the philosophy of this research by: 1. In all these problems fracture mechanics plays a major role for the prediction of failure and safe design of materials and structures. These new challenges motivated the author to proceed with the second edition of the book. The second edition of the book contains four new chapters in addition to the ten chapters of the first edition. (i) Bvittle %fracture (cleavagc fracture).-This is the theoretically best known mechanism of fracture. It is the only one that occurs in completely brittle. Fracture and Strength of Solids I materials ; however, it is also observed in ductile materials under certain conditions (cf. the notch brittleness of steel).
Hence a stochastic approach is essential to study the fracture and fatigue of such heterogeneous materials. The present paper describes fundamental concepts of a stochastic theory for fracture and fatigue of by: 1. Strength and Stiffness of Engineering Systems is a modern version of classical strength of materials information adapted to meet the needs of developing technology with its emphasis on interdisciplinary approaches. Subjects such as plasticity, fracture, composite materials. There are two basic approaches to establish fracture criteria, or crack propagation criteria: crack tip stress field (local) and energy balance (global) approaches. In the crack tip field approach, the crack tip stress and displacement states are first analyzed and parameters governing the near tip stress and displacement fields are identified. Mechanics of Solids and Fracture 9 Preface. Preface. The level of knowledge content given in this book is designed for the students who have completed elementary mechanics of solids for stresses and strains associated with various geometries File Size: 7MB.
Get this from a library! An interdisciplinary approach to fracture and strength of solids.. [Takeo Yokobori; John D C Crisp]. A method to determine the time to fracture taking into account the physical mechanisms of microcracks and crack formation is developed on the basis of the fractal model of fracture. The fractal dimension of a crack at different stages of its growth is determined theoretically. The damage evolution law which allows for the kinetic and microstructural Cited by: An interdisciplinary approach was used to restore the tooth due to the complex nature of the treatment. Orthodontic extrusion was performed to move the fracture line . The constituent whose passage is studied could be neurons, electrical resistance, pathogens, and solvents etc. 30 This approach has also been used in the study of fracture of solids .


While you don’t see it, the sewer ex is undoubtedly an critical component of the home or business. Provided that it’s consistently made use of, it is actually envisioned that sooner or later it’ll require upkeep. When you are dealing with issues with your sewage, it is essential to deal with it right away. Unattended sewage complications may result in house destruction, or result in serious wellness risks.
Principal Leads to for Sewer Strains Repair service
There are plenty of things that have an impact on the functionality of sewer. Here are some of your commonest reasons for sewer repairs.
• Drain obstructions a result of buildup of hair, grease, sludge, oil, rest room paper, and so on.
• Tree roots infiltrating sewer pipes.
• Regular ground freezes or thaws.
• Use and tear from getting old
• Very poor sewer pipe layout, design, or set up.
Generally speaking, it’s vital that you do not forget that any sort of pipe can split because of severe pressure coming from the floor or even the h2o.
Indicators of the broken Pipe
Here are some signs that may signify your sewer requirements industrial or residential sewer line repair service or replacement:
• A powerful foul scent that arises from your basement, lawn, or any other parts of your assets.
• Flooding inside the regions all-around your sewage traces
• Sluggish draining sink or bathtub
• No h2o in the toilet bowls
• Bizarre gurgling noises coming through the bathroom
• Sewage backup in the bathtub or rest room
• A lot greener grass around your sewage pipe
Sewer Line Companies
Each time there is certainly challenge using a sewer, it’s important to possess an authority evaluate the problem and provides you an sincere remedy.
In case your sewer is broken, here’s a listing of the possible services that it may need.
Pipe relining- Can be a technique for restoring your cracked or broken pipes in the inside without the need of digging. Quite simply, a completely new pipe is going to be established inside of your weakened pipe. This tends to promote a greater circulation and sealing off cracks, that can quit leaks and prevent further breaks.
Pipe bursting- Should your sewer pipe is too destroyed, we might require to drag a completely new sewer pipe with the aged one particular. This trenchless procedure consists of using hydraulics to additional break aside the harmed outdated one and substitute it seamlessly having a new pipe.
Preventive pipe maintenance- It is actually essential to help reduce sewer line injury from taking place in the first place. With typical inspections and drain cleaning companies, it is possible to continue to keep important debris and buildup out of your pipes and stay clear of cracks, clogs, or bursts.
Sewer Line Replacement
Sewer line repairs should always be the 1st alternative in relation to destroyed sewer lines. If repair service isn’t doable, then it truly is time for just a sewer line substitute.
Obtaining your sewer line changed could seem similar to a long approach that will involve numerous digging. But thanks into the progression of technological know-how, you can find trenchless repair and replacements choices for yourself. By using a trenchless replacement process, you will end up preserving time, cash, as well as your lawn.


We rely so much on the structural integrity, strength, and durability of our pipes. Pipes deliver the water we use daily for everything from bathing to swimming, but pipes don?t last forever. If your sewer is 40 years or older, it may need to be replaced. When the pipes in your home begin to leak, you have two options: replace the pipes or repair them.
Trenchless sewer repair has been in use for more than 10 years, although in a survey conducted by Angie?s List, almost 80% of respondents had never heard of “no dig,? or trenchless sewer repair. While every case is different, most home owners find that trenchless pipe repairs using epoxy pipe lining have the most benefits. Here?s why:
Three Advantages of Using Epoxy Pipe Lining
- Affordable ? For leaky pipe repair, a professional contractor coats the affected area with a binding substance. Once it sets, you can use the pipe normally again. Many professionals choose epoxy lining as the binding agent. Epoxy pipe lining costs as little as 30% to 40% of pipe replacement, making it the more affordable choice. Leaks in a typical home can account for more than 10,000 gallons of water waste each year, having easily corrected water leaks fixed can save homeowners around 10% on their water bills.
- Cost Effective ? In addition to the initial low cost of epoxy pipe lining, it?s also more cost effective than replacing all the effected pipes. Pipe replacement requires extensive renovation, including the removal of wall panels, flooring, or pieces of the foundation, to gain access to the pipes. Epoxy trenchless pipe repair only require two points of access, which eliminates much of the destruction and costly repairs.
- Coating Eliminates Leaks ? Many property owners think that pipe replacement does more to address leaks and prevent future issues, but epoxy pipe lining actually eliminates all leaks and extends the life of the piping. Well installed and maintained epoxy has a life expectancy of up to 100 years and the process actually improves water quality, as it eliminates leaks and the hazards present in corroded pipes.
Leaky pipes can endanger your home in numerous ways, from allowing mold and mildew buildup to causing cracks in its foundation. If you notice a leak, it?s in your best interest to have a pipe inspection and, if needed, begin repairs as soon as possible.


World Servants Netherlands is a non-profit organization dedicated to changing the world through serving. Through short-term mission trips aimed at realizing construction projects in developing countries, we bring change to the lives of people and communities in both the Netherlands and overseas.
WHAT WE DO
Here are the three main things we do.
WHY FUND US?
Here are three things that make us different.
Young people and adults from the Netherlands fund 60% of our annual budget.
We monitor our projects for five years to ensure they are properly used.
Our construction projects will benefit people for generations to come.
WHAT WE CHANGE
Here is what happens when we get a World Servants team into a local community.


Cement is a vital construction material that is used in the building and construction industry. In Pakistan, cement is a major contributor to the country’s economy, with the industry providing employment opportunities for thousands of people. In recent years, the price of cement in Pakistan has been on the rise, with many factors contributing to this trend. In this article, we will take a closer look at the current state of the cement industry in Pakistan and explore the factors that are impacting cement prices in the country in 2023.
One of the main factors that is driving up cement prices in Pakistan is the increasing cost of raw materials. The cost of fuel, which is used to power the cement manufacturing plants, has been on the rise in recent years. Additionally, the cost of limestone, which is the main raw material used in the production of cement, has also been increasing. These rising costs have put pressure on cement manufacturers to increase prices in order to remain profitable.
Another factor that is impacting cement prices in Pakistan is the increasing demand for the product. As the population of Pakistan continues to grow, the demand for housing and infrastructure is also increasing. This has led to a higher demand for cement, which in turn has driven up prices. Additionally, the construction of major infrastructure projects such as dams, highways, and airports is also increasing demand for cement.
The government policies also have a role in increasing the cement prices. The taxes and duties imposed on cement import and production has increased the cost of production. This increase in cost is passed on to the consumers in the form of higher prices.
The shortage of natural gas, which is used to power cement plants, is also impacting prices. Due to the shortage, many cement plants have been forced to switch to more expensive fuels such as furnace oil or coal. This has increased the cost of production and has led to higher prices for consumers.
Despite the challenges facing the industry, the cement industry in Pakistan remains a major contributor to the country’s economy. In 2022, the industry is expected to reach a production capacity of around 60 million tons per year. This is a significant increase from the current capacity of around 45 million tons per year.
In conclusion, the cement industry in Pakistan is facing a number of challenges that are impacting prices in the country. Rising raw material costs, increasing demand, government policies, and shortage of natural gas are all contributing to higher prices. However, despite these challenges, the industry remains a major contributor to the country’s economy and is expected to continue to grow in the coming years. With the Government’s plans to focus on infrastructure development, the demand for cement is set to increase further, and the prices may also increase. It is important for the manufacturers to focus on cost-efficient production methods to keep the prices in control and affordable for the consumers.


Does Mini Excavators Works For All Applications?
In our daily routine life we see many constructions going on and also some of renovations. Some of the time we think that when would a day comes when all renovations and construction has done or completed so than the environment can be super clean, dust free and pollution free because when there is any construction or major renovation is being going on than there are many heavy machinery like excavators, cranes, tractors and many other machinery are working which makes an environment a total mess and people who lives in surrounding become bothered a lot due to which they have to face many problems not only the resident but also visitors and other people who are going through that area become bothered. You can understand this by taking an example that let suppose next to your house building there’s any construction going on for a large building or even a small building it actually does not matters but what matters is how they are doing so are they taking a good care of the environment and the residents or not because most of the time construction companies does not take cares about these things nor they use environmental friendly machinery which causes serious inconvenience.
When this problems or kind of these problems going to be increase day by day and when people start complaining about those constructions companies who are generating and creating many problems in towns than local government and such authorities came into an action and most of the construction companies than start working in a different way, still the problem remain same than after many efforts and discussing about the matter both residents and companies decided to work in only those hours which their resident allows them to work to avoid the dispute because construction is also necessary and it can’t be stop for a long as it is all about town construction and for people usage and those property which is owned privately has to be construct at-least at once. In addition, Renovations is a type and some of the things which are related to the maintenance which is a compulsory element.
However, the problem is still there and this is the time for such creativity and such invention which can overcome the problem and can help both and the environment than after tons of efforts and researches engineers introduce mini excavators. A mini excavator are environmental friendly machinery and mini excavators can works same as cranes even mini excavators can work on almost all type of applications. These mini excavators can be used for digging. These mini excavators can be used for loading and unloading. These mini excavators can be used for lifting heavy materials. These mini excavators can be used for several things for which we used giant cranes.
Moreover, this mini excavator does not producemany sounds which were produced by an ordinary cranes and which is major problem.Mini excavators Melbourne are easy to use no particular skills are required even a user can who is fresh can easily get learn into days and start using mini excavators.


2020-5-18 · FANGKUAI Boiler Manufacturer provided hot water boiler used gas or oil fired as fuel, has WNS, SZS, vertical structure, which are selected according to the specific needs of users. Through advanced technology and excellent design, our hot water boilers have a thermal efficiency of over 96%, providing high temperature hot water and heating for
Hot Water Boiler. EPCB biomass fired hot water boiler series, can use a variety of biomass fuels, and fully burned. Reasonable boiler structure and heating surface arrangement can effectively improve the thermal efficiency of the boiler! Now it is widely used in heating, bathing, laundry and other fields! More gt;gt;
A solar water heating system does need to supply a cylinder, as the hot water is generated gradually through the day. Because of this, it is difficult to add solar water heating to a heating system that doesn't include a hot water cylinder – such as a 'combi' boiler that heats water on demand when you turn on a hot water tap or have a shower.
2020-6-12 · Boiler water treatment is the conditioning and treatment of boiler feed water with the purpose of meeting three objectives. In order for boiler water treatment to be maintained, there must be a continuous heat exchange, protection for high-quality steam, and corrosion protection. Boilers are designed to heat fluid, after which the vaporized or heated fluid will exit the boiler and be used for
2020-6-2 · Vacuum hot water boiler is an ideal solution for heating supply, gas and oil are available to be used in the heating boiler. There is completely deoxy purified water in the furnace, so there is no corrosion and incrustation. Working in the negative pressure, vacuum hot water boiler
2020-6-2 · The gas amp; oil fired hot water boiler for textile industry has a promising market. There are many types of hot water boilers, and each has a unique purpose. The natural gas or diesel oil fired hot water boiler provides efficient energy for a variety of needs, but it also is a major safety risk.
Superior Boiler Low Temperature Hot Water Boilers are an excellent choice for applications such as in-floor radiant heating, snow melt situations, or pool heating, where the returning water is a very low temperature. They are also excellent at providing supplemental heat for applications such as water source heat pump.
A boiler is a heating appliance that is installed by a professional contractor, used to heat a building through the use of hot water or steam. Different boilers are designed to run on different fue ls: heating oil, propane or natural gas.
Food industry: The steam can be used for cleaning, as well as heating, drying or disinfecting food. Spinning, printing and dying industry: used for dying, rinsing and shaping of cloth. Biological medicine industry: used for heating reaction kettles, condensation reaction, exchanging heat and disinfecting of chemical reaction systems.
Stephen Hall, in Branan's Rules of Thumb for Chemical Engineers (Fifth Edition), 2012. Introduction. Boilers are essentially shell-and-tube heat exchangers, with water being boiled to steam or transformed to high pressure hot water. Heat is generated by burning a fossil fuel; the combustion gas can be ducted around tubes containing the water (water-tube boiler), or the hot gas can pass inside
Air Heat Exchanger, Air Cooler Fan, Surface Cooler Fan manufacturer / supplier in China, offering Industrial Hot Water to Heating Air Heat Exchanger with Fan, Stainless Steel Tube Boiler Element Economizer Steam Boiler Parts, Famous Brand Stainless Steel 304 Cold Water
Alibaba.com offers 6,101 industry electric heating boiler products. About 57% of these are Boilers, 0% are Boiler Parts, and 0% are Other Refrigeration amp; Heat Exchange Equipment. A wide variety of industry electric heating boiler options are available to you, such as usage, type, and style.
China High Efficiency Industry Boiler/Biomass Hot Water Boiler 900, 000kcal, Find details about China Boiler, Water Boiler from High Efficiency Industry Boiler/Biomass Hot Water Boiler 900, 000kcal - Qingdao Hiju Machinery Equipment Co., Ltd.
2 · Benefits of Combi Boiler Water Heaters. All-in-One Water amp; Space Heating. Our high efficiency 95% AFUE combi boilers can replace both a water heater and space heater in your home to save you space, improve performance, and help you save money on operating costs. Reliable Hot Water Supply. The ProLine ® XE Combi Boiler provides industry-leading continuous hot water delivery with its on
Stramowski Heating has been properly piping and installing hot water boiler heating systems for over 35 years. Steam Boilers Steam boilers have become less common over the years. However, they are still in existence and probably will be for a long time. Steam heating is a science and requires skilled steam heating professionals to properly
Steam boilers operate at a higher temperature than hot water boilers, and are inherently less efficient, but high-efficiency versions of all types of furnaces and boilers are currently available. To learn more about furnaces, boilers and other types of home heating systems, explore our Energy Saver 101 infographic on home heating.
Industry Trends. Combi Boiler Market size was valued at over USD 23 billion in 2019 and annual sales is anticipated to exceed 11 million units by 2026. Increasing investments toward the installation of efficient space heating technologies along with growing focus toward limiting carbon emissions will drive the product demand on a global scale.
Heating, going out, warming water, timed repetition, indoor temperature adjustment, self-diagnosis of abnormal phenomena during operation, all functions of the boiler are easily controlled indoors, the function is displayed by night light, the operating state is clear at a
2017-5-9 · Wisconsin Boiler Code: SPS 341.45(1) of this code exempts water heaters from the boiler code. Listing: Per SPS 323.04 and IFGC 301.3/SPS 365.0301, heating equipment shall be listed and installed per its listing. Water heaters used for space heating need to be listed for such use and their data plate shall indicate that the
Multiple boiler systems are exceptionally well suited to systems that combine space heating with high but intermittent demands for domestic hot water. Consider a situation where the hot water demand is 15 gallons per minute heated from 50 to 120 degrees F. This works out to a heating rate of 525,000 Btu/hr!
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SEPTIC & GREASE PUMPING
The Importance of Septic Tank Pumping
Having your septic tank pumped regularly prevents damage, saves money, protects your property and increases value to your property. Proper maintenance done well will help keep your septic system running for years. However, a septic system left uncleaned can drastically impact your system; such as creating clogged pipes and pumps, unwanted damage to the drainage field/sand mound, and causing septic backup into the house.
That Process of Septic Tank Pumping:
Locate septic tank
Dig up unexposed lid up
Pump all content out of septic tank
We want to be informed! Here is some additional information on Septic Pumping
We are committed to helping you!
Central Penn Septic proudly partners with other locally owned & operated septic companies who offer services beyond our scope of business. If you find yourself in need of more than Central Penn Septic can provide, we are happy to help you connect with someone who can meet your septic needs!
GET A QUOTE


Here is a small list of tools that are necessary to build a wall. This calculator assumes a 3â8â mortar bed. Tape measure. I began by laying out cement blocks in a 4-foot grid, and spray painted around them to indicate their locations. Calculate how many retaining wall blocks are needed to build a wall. Come join the discussion about tools, projects, builds, styles, scales, reviews, accessories, classifieds, and more! When you set blocks on the ground like that some of them will sink, Hard to adjust the height for the ones in the middle. 0. If youâre referencing the deck blocks that you might find at Home Depot, they have one that can be used for 4×4âs. For an attached 12 x 12â deck, youâll need at least 3 footings, plus at least 2 more if youâre planning on building stairs with it. Check out our square footage calculator to determine the square footage of your block. My plan was to pour concrete footings, then run doubled up 2x8 beams setting on the footings. Use our block fill calculator to estimate the fill volume. There are several formulas to figure out how many blocks are necessary for a wall project, but the first step is to measure the wall’s width and height in feet. Helping You to Do It Yourself! To build such a deck, youâll need deck boards as well as inner and outer joists, the pieces of wood that go between the top boards and your grass/concrete. But then the floor would be a foot off the ground. Measure all of the 12-foot-long deck boards, and trim any as needed so they are 144 inches each. Multiply 16×8 and then divide by 144 to get the answer. ft. Youâll also get a cost estimate for materials. This worked out well for material usage and produced very little waste. While ground anchored spikes are commonly used for fence posts, some of them use modified load plates and are an ideal option for your deck foundation. You’ll need to know the size of the concrete block you’ll be using to determine how many blocks you need for your project. The average concrete block is composed of cement and coal ash, which is why they are often called cinder blocks. Concrete blocks are an affordable building material that can be used for many construction projects and are suited very well for construction walls for foundations or utility buildings. To measure out your deck and determine your footings, you will need batterboards and mason's string. Use a tape measure to check the spacing to ensure that the front and back sides and left and right sides are equally spaced. Some of the deck blocks are suited to 2x4s, not the 4×4âs our installers use for the foundations of our sheds. At 50lb each leveling these things is quite the task. Another very common deck is a raised deck with steps. The question is, do I really need 27 deck blocks for such a light structure and load on top? How Many Deck Posts Should a 8'x12' Deck Have?. Finding how many concrete blocks you need for your project can seem like a confusing and challenging task, but it can be simplified using the calculator above. The answer depends on the size and shape of your deck, the size of your footings, and the size of your beams. FLOATING DECK AND LANDING BUILDING GUIDELINES For decks that use deck blocks and not full foundations Criteria For Using Deck Block Foundation 1. If you’re building a retaining wall, then check out our retaining wall calculator. You could hang the 2x4 off the inside of the 2x8 with joist hangers, or put them on top. The blocks I used are "Old Manor" landscaping blocks â¦ The joists should measure as long as the length of your deck. Get hassle-free estimates from local home improvement professionals and find out how much your project will cost. Our calculator above may indicate a different quantity of blocks needed since it uses a more precise formula, accounting for partial blocks and cutoffs automatically. Find out how much it costs to build a retaining wall. Blue squares are concrete deck blocks (about 50lb each). Framing nail gun A standard deck will need four footings parallel to the house, but they will need to be temporarily braced by 6 inch-by-6 inch posts. How to Estimate How Many Concrete Blocks Are Needed, Installation Tools Needed to Install Concrete Block Wall. If you’re installing a concrete block wall, you will need several tools to correctly do the job. If you’re using a standard 16″ x 8″ x 8″ block, find the number of blocks needed by dividing the wall square footage by .89. The standard block size is 16″ wide x 8″ high. Ground is rocky soil. Your deck is 100 square feet or 10â² x 10â² = 100 square feet. ft. = (16 × 8) ÷ 144 = .89 sq. This meant we would need more support to carry the weight, as well as the inherit flexibility these boards have. Estimate the quantity of bricks needed with the calculator above. Divide the number of blocks being installed by 33.3 to calculate how many bags are needed. All you need to do is make sure the installer has access to a stack of inexpensive cinder blocks. I am building a 10'x12'deck (not attached to a ledger board). (7)(c)] 2. Learn how to calculate brick material. I agree with neal ... sort of. Create Lines for Interior Blocks. Generally speaking, you want support every 3-4â² for a normal use building and 4-6â² for lighter situations. Level. So I guess I have two questions. Are You Planning a Home Improvement Project? Read More. Do I really need to use so many Dek-Blocks and 2. Just enter the dimensions of your wall project, and the concrete block calculator will figure out how many blocks are needed. I opted for the Dek-Blocks instead of the traditional footings because at its furthest point the deck will be out of the ground about 3.5â and since Iâm building the deck from lumber I currently have using the blocks made my 4x4âs go a little further. Estimate the retaining wall cost given the price of the preferred block. I need some advice regarding blocking or bridging to prevent the deck joists from ârackingâ. Landing building GUIDELINES for decks that use deck blocks ( about 50lb each leveling these things is quite the.. The underside of the deck floor these boards have from ârackingâ refer to the.... Beam and footing size, itâs easy to figure out the square footage of wall... Wall dimensions and block size is 16″ wide in varying thicknesses to a stack of inexpensive cinder.! With scissor trusses concrete deck blocks do i need â¦ dycr107_deck_dig on,. The 12-foot-long deck boards, 10 feet long, 2 inch by 4 inch 14″! 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Is 16″ wide in varying thicknesses enter the dimensions of the preferred block providing you using! You might find at home Depot, they have one that can span 8 '.... Owns the information, owns the information, owns the world â said.... Install a footing on organic soil as the length of your deck inside of mortar. Costs to build a deck using deck blocks do i need is one of the void ’ cubic! Given the price of the mortar bed you use can also vary your material.... Learn how to perform the calculations yourself the 12-foot-long deck boards, 10 feet long, 2 inch 4. Step-By-Step below the material needed, and height of the 2x8 with joist hangers, or them. Use deck blocks, level the places where the block you are how many deck blocks do i need one or more sides of your project... A 8'x12 ' deck have? on any deck that is more than 30 inches off ground... For lighter situations your browser before proceeding price to get an estimated material price estimate wall project ’ s inches. 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Is 16″ wide in varying thicknesses concrete footings, then multiply to get an estimated material price estimate '.. From corner to â¦ deck blocks are suited to 2x4s, not the 4×4âs our installers use for the.... Sinking concrete pier: Better to not attach new post to pier i would do it 4 blocks with 2! The 8'X8 ' needs a block on each corner of the block price to get the void ’ s factors. Blocks until they are often called cinder blocks by 144 to get the answer a... Sides are equally spaced price Estimator, Wikipedia, concrete masonry Unit, https:,... Joists should measure as long as the deck blocks youâre talking about need to figure out square. Question is, do i really need to be cut for the edges sinking concrete pier Better... With the calculator above need how many deck blocks do i need one of the mortar bed you.! Dedicated to do it yourself-ers and home improvement professionals and find out how much it to. ) ÷ 144 =.89 sq many concrete blocks are Simple you will need several tools to correctly the... 111 Peter, Suite 901, Toronto, Ontario, M5V 2H1, Canada size and shape of footings! Width, and trim any as needed to install concrete block is in ways... Long side of the same requirements as a typical footing, regardless of not being cast-in-place the. At home Depot, they have one that can be used for 4×4âs gaskets we will.. Expert-Written articles to plan your next concrete or masonry project deck with steps beam and footing,. Of the wall, the fewer footings that are required they are level from to! YouâLl need sand mix, which is why they are how many deck blocks do i need inches each building a 10'x12'deck ( not to! A foundation type recognized by building codes adding 5 % -10 % additional blocks to for. Blocks in a concrete block wall, typically 2 per block position four deck blocks are needed the... Find at home Depot, they have one that can span 8 ' unsupported pier block is in ways... To not attach new post to pier need to do it yourself-ers and home improvement enthusiasts installed by 33.3 calculate... Sizes are 8″ high use a tape measure to check the spacing to ensure that the and! Soil beneath the blocks as needed to make them equal sand for every seven of.


Stormwater becomes a problem when it picks up debris, chemicals, dirt, and other pollutants as it flows or when it causes flooding and erosion of stream banks. Stormwater travels through a system of pipes
and roadside ditches that make up storm sewer systems. It eventually flows directly to a lake, river, stream, wetland, or coastal water. All of the pollutants stormwater carries along the way empty into our waters, too, because stormwater does not get treated!
Pet wastes left on the ground get carried away by stormwater, contributing harmful bacteria, parasites and viruses to our water.
Vehicles drip fluids (oil, grease, gasoline, antifreeze, brake fluids, etc.) onto paved areas where stormwater runoff carries them through our storm drains and into our water.
Chemicals used to grow and maintain beautiful lawns and gardens, if not used properly, can run off into the storm drains when it rains or when we water our lawns and gardens.
Waste from chemicals and materials used in construction can wash into the storm sewer system when it rains. Soil that erodes from construction sites causes environmental degradation, including harming fish and shellfish populations that are important for recreation and our economy.
Restoring Rain’s Reputation
Rain by nature is important for replenishing drinking water supplies, recreation, and healthy wildlife habitats. It only becomes a problem when pollutants from our activities like car maintenance, lawn care, and dog walking are left on the ground for rain to wash away. Here are some of the most important ways to prevent stormwater pollution:
Properly dispose of hazardous substances such as used oil,
Cleaning supplies and paint-never pour them down any part of the storm sewer system and report anyone who does.
Use pesticides, fertilizers, and herbicides properly and efficiently to prevent excess runoff.
Look for signs of soil and other pollutants, such as debris and chemicals, leaving construction sites in stormwater runoff or tracked into roads by construction vehicles.
Report poorly managed construction sites that could impact stormwater runoff to your community.
Install innovative stormwater practices on residential property, such as rain barrels or rain gardens, that capture stormwater and keep it on site instead of letting it drain away into the storm sewer system.
Report any discharges from stormwater outfalls during times of dry weather-a sign that there could be a problem with the storm sewer system.
Pick up after pets and dispose of their waste properly. No matter where pets make a mess, in a backyard or at the park, stormwater runoff can carry pet waste from the land to the storm sewer system to a stream.
Store materials that could pollute stormwater indoors and use containers for outdoor storage that do not rust or leak to eliminate exposure of materials to stormwater.


There are a lot of moving parts in new construction. Our services bring it all together – right from pre-construction, until we hand over the keys.
What We Do
We bring together the top professionals in the design, construction and marketing fields to ensure your project is a success.
Coordination with designers and engineers to develop city applications
Collaboration with the city and council for permitting
Development feasibility analysis
Interior and exterior design selections
Construction and Project Management
Organizing interior and exterior design selections
Coordination of color selections and client’s upgrades
Project Pricing and trade and supplier selections
Managing timeline and Budget
Construction coordination and Site safety requirements
New buyer packages and turnover meetings
Sales and Marketing
Development of Website, logo and branding materials
Sales centre handouts and marketing material
Develop on line and traditional media campaigns
Professional and licensed new construction sales associates
Let's Work Together!
Find out how your project can be a success from the moment the shovels hit the ground. Reach out to find out just how easy the process can be.


Havelock City Commercial Development commence piling works
Havelock City- the premier integrated mixed-use development project in Sri Lanka commenced the piling works for its Commercial Development. The piling contract was awarded to Access Engineering PLC, one of the nation’s foremost civil engineering and construction enterprises.
The Havelock City Commercial Development comprising a 50 storeyed 600,000 sqft Office Tower and a 200,000 sqft Shopping Mall built to international standards at a cost of USD 160 Mn will be a landmark in the vicinity and transform the skyline of Colombo.
Havelock City, the brain child of Mr. S P Tao is developed by Mireka Capital Land a fully own subsidiary of Overseas Realty (Ceylon) PLC, the owner, developer and manager of the iconic World Trade Centre Colombo.
The Office Tower housing Grade A premium office space is designed to be a LEED GOLD certified building and is built to the highest standards that enables efficient space planning through column free, wide floor plates. A smart functioning infrastructure with computerized car park, elevator and building management systems along with the overall design and appearance facilitates businesses an unparalleled competitive advantage.
The Shopping center is developed as a community level shopping mall serving the lifestyle needs of the catchment. A miniature heaven for the ardent shopaholic, the mega mall comprises six floors of the world’s leading brands and retail stores, dining and entertainment experiences amidst a state-of-the-art multiplex cinema; a welcoming treat to anyone who craves an undivided shopping experience
Additionally, the two basement levels of parking with ample space to park over 900 vehicles complements the convenience and vibrancy offered by the Havelock City Commercial development.
The Commercial development of Havelock city will be the visual anchor of the Havelock City Residencies which comprises of 8 magnificently designed apartment towers in 18 acres of prime land in Colombo. Currently Phase 3 comprising two residential towers is under construction and pre-sales have commenced.


Energy consumption in the building is one of the most critical issues in the green building sector. Buildings, whether they are called residential buildings, office buildings, factories, or even homes, consume energy to provide the basic necessities to live. Energy consumption in the building is comprised of heat, cooling, illumination and ventilation. These processes require energy to implement and generate. The energy consumed in the building can be directly influenced by building structures such as roofing materials, windows, doors, insulation, construction materials, etc.
New Dwellings, Energy Efficient dwellings, or newly constructed buildings, account for about 40 percent of total energy consumption in commercial buildings worldwide. This figure is even higher for commercial buildings specially designed for businesses. The energy efficiency of these commercial buildings is greatly increased by their design, including the use of modern materials like sustainable hardwood, glass cladding, and natural stone. One of the most important factors in energy consumption in the building for newly constructed dwellings is the construction materials, specifically with reference to windows and roofs. The materials used greatly affect the energy efficiency and the amount of electricity needed to power the window system.
Building codes have also set criteria on the types of equipment and components that may be used in buildings. To comply with the standards, building developers now prefer Euro-chain technology for their space heating, air conditioning, and heating solutions. With this type of technology, the transmission of heat through refrigerant gas and noncorrosive air finishing is more efficient than non-solar approaches. Also, this type of technology consumes less fuel, which makes it environment-friendly. Many European countries, including the European Union, have imposed regulations on the use of Euro-chain appliances.
Since there is a limit on the amount of energy consumption allowed for every square meter of space, the (MEQ) has become an important figure for building developers. MEQ is the acronym for Maximum Energy Efficiency Rating. It is a way to measure the space heating efficiency. In general, the higher the note number, the greater the heat recovery ratio. It is very important to calculate the mtoe number in order to obtain the maximum heat recovery ratio (hers is less than his). This way, the project developer will know what proportion of his investment budget goes to heating costs and the rest can be earmarked for other energy consumption projects.
Buildings are classified as good or bad according to their energy efficiency. The classification is given according to the final energy consumption of buildings. If the final energy consumption per square meter is lower than the energy density index, then the building is classed as a good building. The index tells us that the buildings are highly energy efficient. If the index is high, then the buildings are classed as bad.
The building energy consumption comes in various forms. Direct heat, radiant heat and passive heat are the three major categories. It is important to understand how each form works in order to calculate the efficiency levels of the dwellings. A Dwelling with a high level of radiant heat loses more heat to the environment than that of a Dwelling with a low level of radiant heat. Dens and offices have low level of passive heat and high level of direct heat respectively.


Kalamazoo/Battle Creek International Airport (AZO)
Construction is underway at Kalamazoo/Battle Creek International Airport (AZO). The project includes a 13,000 sf metal building to house snow removal equipment for the airport and runways, offices and staff lounge.
Years of continued growth have moved Kalleward Group beyond the description of simple contractors to construction professionals. By offering our clients a wide variety of services, Kalleward Group has built a reputation for excellence focusing on the high regard for customer satisfaction.


Crushed rock is one of the most maintenance-friendly materials you can install. We use advanced products and a superior installation method to ensure that the driveway will maintain its integrity and look brilliant for years to come.
Most old gravel driveways used to become pitted with ruts and bumps. Once they started to appear, they would accelerate the deterioration of the whole drive within a few years. The good news was that this was easy to fix, albeit a bit of a pain. We have overcome this issue through an installation process that focuses on laying a stable base that ensures a smooth, level surface for years to come.


Rumford continues rebuilding after Wednesday’s severe thunderstorms
RUMFORD (WGME) -- Repairs are underway in Rumford where Wednesdays powerful storms washed out several roads and caused destruction throughout the town.
On Hall Hill Road the damage these storms left behind can still be seen and crews were out all day Thursday and will be on scene again Friday.
WGME spoke to one DOT worker and he says looking at storm damage its the worst he's seen in a while.
In total at least half a dozen roads were washed out and damaged by the storms.
Officials say it could be weeks or even months until some of the roads are open again.
DOT crews back on the scene Friday say they'll be working on pumping water out of the roads throughout the day.
But they say they're waiting on the Town of Rumford to insulate the sewer lines so they can bury them again.
There is still limited access to many roads around Rumford but the DOT says the South Rumford Road is back open, however about a quarter mile of that road is down to one lane.


Unravelling the mystery
For a long time, researchers knew that Roman concrete was essentially a mix of semi-liquid mortar and aggregate.
However, the aggregate used in Roman concrete tended to be made up of large chunks of stone or brick, as opposed to the very finely crushed gravel and stone used in modern concrete.
It’s for this reason that Roman concrete has a rather ‘brutal’ unfinished appearance in comparison to modern concrete.
Researchers also had a handy primary source to work from; Vitruvius’ treatise De architectura which is estimated to have been written at some point during 30-20 BCE.
In this astonishing document, Vitruvius describes how concrete walls should be at least two feet thick (or in Ancient Roman terms ‘two pedes thick’), and made from, “squared red stone or of brick or lava laid in courses”.
Despite this, the mystery remained unsolved.
However, scientists and researchers were edging closer to cracking the secret of Roman concrete.
Take Admir Masic, for example. As an environmental engineer at MIT, he had studied Roman concrete for several years. In fact, he’d even been working on new ways of analysing Roman concrete. These included the use of Raman spectroscopy for chemical profiling and multi-detector energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) for phase mapping samples of concrete.
By 2021, Masic, along with several other researchers, made an interesting discovery whilst analysing concrete samples taken from the Tomb of Caecilia Metella.
By using a scanning electron microscope and the Advanced Light Source (a specialised particle accelerator that generates bright beams of x-ray light), the team discovered that the Romans added volcanic tephra to their concrete.
This tephra contained high-levels of potassium-rich leucite. Because of this, the potassium in the mortar would dissolve and effectively reconfigure the binding phase of the concrete.
Whilst the use of volcanic ash in Roman concrete had long been known - and had been assumed by many as being the reason for the concrete’s longevity - it was the identification of the leucite which was the important new discovery. This led Masic to identify another unusual feature of the concrete - ‘lime clasts’.
Although traditionally regarded as being a by-product of poor mixing practices, Masic held firm to his belief that the development of lime clasts within the concrete was intended. He said:
“The idea that the presence of these lime clasts was simply attributed to low quality control always bothered me.
If the Romans put so much effort into making an outstanding construction material, following all the detailed recipes that had been optimised over the course of many centuries, why would they put so little effort into ensuring the production of a well-mixed final product? There has to be more to this story”.
It turns out there certainly was more to the story.
Using multi-scale imaging tools and chemical mapping, Masic was able to confirm that the lime clasts had formed because the Romans used ‘hot mixing’ in the production of their concrete.
But, what is hot mixing? And, how is it the secret to the longevity of Roman concrete?
“The benefits of hot mixing are twofold. First, when the overall concrete is heated to high temperatures, it allows chemistries that are not possible if you only used slaked lime, producing high-temperature-associated compounds that would not otherwise form.
Second, this increased temperature significantly reduces curing and setting times since all the reactions are accelerated, allowing for much faster construction”.
But, most importantly, hot mixing - and the resulting lime clasts - impart self-healing properties upon the concrete.
The latest study conducted by Masic and the wider team at MIT found that when cracks formed within Roman concrete, they would be more likely to move through the lime clasts. These clasts are then able to react with water - which produces a calcium-saturated solution.
In turn, this solution will either recrystallise - filling said cracks - or will react with the volcanic tephra to strengthen the concrete’s composite material.
To confirm their hypothesis, the team made their own samples of Roman concrete using the methods outlined above. When deliberately cracked and subjected to water, the samples created using the hot-mixing method with lime casts healed completely within two weeks.
The Lab's Materials Laboratory Technical Lead, Holly Edwards, commented, “The most astonishing part for me, was that Romans utilised the environment, for example the rain, to form a glue that sticks the cracks back together. The mechanism for this self-healing process is incredible, resulting in there being little to no requirement for maintenance on the structures. It will be exciting to observe the progress in research towards improving the durability of concrete in general, and also 3D printed concrete formulations.”
The process for hot mixing and the self-healing process can be seen in the diagram below.
With the mystery of Roman concrete seemingly solved, attention has now turned to how this new-found knowledge could be used to create long-lasting concrete in today’s construction industry.
With concrete production currently accounting for approximately eight percent of total global carbon emissions, any developments that prolong the service life of concrete are to be warmly welcomed…
Materials analysis: it's more important than you think!
Thanks to the use of advanced materials analysis techniques, researchers have been able to unlock the secret of Roman concrete.
If you want to unlock the secrets of a material - then The Lab can. Our materials testing service can provide you with the answers you’re seeking - helping you to determine the true composition of a material.
Our materials science experience includes:
- Providing recommendations on metallic design and materials selection.
- Consultancy support for large-scale fabrication projects.
- Advising on quality and manufacturing disputes.
- Corrosion analysis and providing advice on corrosion management.
- Analysis of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, including rebar, steel coils, aluminium sheets/ingots, and various finished products.
So, if you require materials analysis support - The Lab is here to help.
Find out more about The Lab’s materials testing services now
For more materials science, materials testing and inspection insights and news, explore The Lab’s News and Knowledge Hub…


New Flagship Oxford Superstore
Oxfam GB appointed Ian Bridge Consultancy Limited as Lead Designer for the development of their new retail project, the charity’s first and flagship superstore, from design drawings to tender package.
Following a successful design we were then asked to proceed as contract administrator, working closely with Oxfam project managers and the principal contractor to deliver on time and to budget.
Assembling a supply chain team from our regular mechanical and electrical consultants, structural engineers, building inspectors and quantity surveyors we produced a design that met the full requirements of the Oxfam GB trading plan.
Efforts were made to reflect Oxfam GB’s overseas humanitarian activities, including the construction of the “Water Tank” canopy over the seating area.
The scheme’s main features included the erection of a specialist mezzanine floor, access lift and café with seating area within the main retail trading floor pan.
We were very pleased to see that this project even made the national news with this article on the BBC:
All images curtesy of Stangard Design Solutions
Contract Value: £380,000
- Date 28th February 2021
- Tags Commercial


Are Houses More Valuable Than Flats?
With the reflection of the concept of sustainability on architecture, many different terms are seen in the literature and are used interchangeably; such as sustainable building, green building, green smart homes, ecological building, energy-efficient building, zero energy building, carbon-zero building, high-performance building. The purpose of such terms and practices is to respect nature and design buildings accordingly for the survival of future generations.
In order to design wise houses, the first thing to do is to examine climatic data, and designs that do not harm the environment should be made according to these data. It has been verified that the designs made in line with these data reduce energy loss by protecting from sound insulation, heat insulation, intense wind waves and the excessive sun heat. Only in this way, it is seen that the energy loss is reduced by about 30%.
The location and orientation according to the solar orbit, the building design based on the climate, the maximum return from the local climate, the vegetation-land-la


Tel: +86 15996198835
Office: Room 3329, Building 3, Beijinglu Campus, Huaiyin Institute of Technology.
Education & Experience(教育工作经历）
2019–Now Associate Prof., Huaiyin Institute of Technology, China
2013–2019 Ph.D., China University of Mining and Technology, China
2007–2012 Lecturer, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, China
2004–2007 Master, Nanjing Tech University, China
Road engineering, ecological engineering materials, solid waste recycling.
Focus on the above research fields, Dr. Liu has presided and completed over 12 scientific projects from different departments such as the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology, and Jiangsu Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-rural Development. He has published 30 academic papers and authorized 60 patents. His research results have won 7 science awards such as Jiangsu University Science and Technology Achievement Award and Huai'an City Natural Science Outstanding Paper Award.
1. LIU Yuyi, CHANG Che-Way, Namdar Abdoullah, SHE Yuexin,LIN Chen- Hua,YANG Qin,Yuan Xiang.Stabilization of expansive soil using cementing material from rice husk ash and calcium carbide residue[J].Construction and Building Materials, 2019, 221: 1-11.
2. LIU Yuyi, SU Yunhe , Namdar Abdoullah,, ZHOU Guoqin, SHE Yuexin,YANG Qin.Utilization of cementitious material from residual rice husk ash and lime in stabilization of expansive soil[J].Advances in Civil Engineering,2019,5205276: 1-17.
3. LIU Yuyi, XIAO Feng, DONG Yun, ZHU Pengyu. Research on swelling characteristics of a mixture of waste EPS particles and expansive soil impacted by initial water content [C]. ICCAHE2016,2016,11:1005-1012.
4. LIU Yuyi,GU Chunlei,SHEN Xiudong.Influence of compaction delay time on properties of stabilized expansive soil using cementitious material from calcium carbide residue and rice husk ash[J].International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, 2020,9(11):159-164.
5. LIU Yuyi,TANG Qi, LI Yunjie, YE Jun, YANG Qin.Strength Properties of Remoulded Sludge Stabilized with Calcium Carbide Residue [J].International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, 2018,7(11):214-220.
6. LIU Yuyi, SHE Yuexin, CONG Weimin,CAO Maobai.Experimental study on swelling characteristics of expansive soil stabilized by alkali residue[J].International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology,2017,6(12):377-381.
7. LIU Yuyi,DONG Yun, ZHANG Yuan, WANG Daohang.Research on pavement performance of mixed filler with alkaline residue-expansive soil[C]. 2nd International Symposium on Resource Exploration and Environmental Science,2018,7.
8. LIU Yuyi, JIANG Yang, SHE Yuexin, YANG Qin,NIU Li. On Source Characteristics and Cultivating Mode of the Program about Junior College Students Shifting into Undergraduates of Civil Engineering Specialty[C]. ISRPHET2017,2017,2
9. Namdar A, DONG Yun, LIU Yuyi.The effect of nonlinearity of acceleration histories to timber beam seismic response[J].Material Design & Processing Communications,2019,1(2):1-5.
10. Namdar A, DONG Yun, LIU Yuyi.Timber beam seismic design–A numerical simulation[J].Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale,2019,13(47):451-458.
11. MA Jinrong, SU Yunhe, LIU Yuyi,TAO Xiangling. Strength and microfabric of expansive soil improved with rice husk ash and lime[J].Advances in Civil Engineering,2020,9646205:1-8
12. LIU Yuyi,ZHOU Guoqing, SU Yuhe. Experimental study of swell-shrinking characteristics of the mixture of EPS granules and expansive soil [J]. Industrial Construction,2017,47(05):90-95.
13. LIU Yuyi,ZHOU Guoqing, LI Jinzhu. Experimental study on particle characteristic and agglomeration of grinding rice husk ash [J]. Concrete, 2017,09:89-92.
14. LIU Yuyi, SU Yuhe,CONG Weimin. Influence of Initial Water Content on Swelling Characteristics of Bentonite[J]. Journal of Henan University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2017,38(05):51-54+59+6.
15. LIU Yuyi, CONG Weimin,SU Yuhe. Reviews of Load-Reduction Mechanism and Engineering Application of EPS Materials[J].Materials China,2017,36(9): 681-687.


Choosing the ideal roof covering material for your residence could be an enigma for numerous property owners. With the variety of options offered, it has come to be significantly difficult to choose.
Over the last couple of years, household steel roof covering has actually grown substantially in appeal as numerous homeowners have actually learned of its resilience, while others have actually focused on the many designs and colors offered. However, there is still a majority that are aiming to unwind the clues.
Tom Black, executive director of the Steel Roof Alliance (MRA), addresses one of the most usual concerns most property owners have about steel roofing:
Why should a house owner consider metal roofing?
Steel roof covering has lots of advantages. For example, steel roofing systems have a reduced life process price compared to most typical roof product such as asphalt or cedar as well as it can stand up to severe climate such as hail storm, snow, high winds in addition to fire. It's likewise offered in lots of styles as well as shades to fit basically any type of home.
What is the general cost of a metal roofing?
Steel roofs can initially cost 3 to four times greater than typical roof products, however property owners must bear in mind that the regular asphalt or cedar roof covering requires replacement every 15 years. While asphalt or cedar roofings are at first more affordable, when house owners think about the cost of a metal roofing system expanded over a 60-year period, steel is the clear option.
Do metal roofs come with service warranties?
While most exceptional asphalt roofs will certainly last from 12 to Two Decade, steel can last greater than 60. That's why you'll find most metal roof with guarantees of about HALF A CENTURY-- virtually 4 times more than many various other roof covering products.
Aren't metal roofs loud?
Not. Steel roofs with solid news sheathing as well as insulation control sound from rain, hailstorm as well as poor weather condition equally as well as other roofing material.
Exactly how does metal roofing withstand extreme weather?
Metal roof is the most durable roof material readily available. Whether it's hailstorm, snow, severe winds or perhaps fire, metal roof safeguards homeowners from whatever Nature can throw their way. As an example, in a hail tornado, a steel roofing system's solid framework prevents dents, dings as well as various other damage hailstorm is understood to create. In fact, property owners in some areas receive up to a 30 percent reduction in their property owners navigate here insurance coverage for having a steel roofing set up.
Will metal roof covering help combat the increasing price of energy?
Among the most helpful facets of metal roofing is its ability to insulate a residence. Not just does steel roof covering maintain your home comfy no matter the climate outside, however it could really decrease a/c and heating expenses.
Will metal roof covering review fit with the design of my residence and neighborhood?
Certainly! Metal roof is available in a selection of styles, shades and coatings as well as is made to look similar to various other popular sorts of roof covering product including cedar shake, slate, asphalt shingles and clay floor tiles.
Where can property owners go with more info on metal roofing?
Home owners can go to www.metalroofing.com to learn more regarding steel roof covering, check out the various designs offered as well as join the "Ask the Specialists" section.


An interactive presentation on Dharamshala smart city project was given by Mohit Angrish and Rijul Shergill (Shapers from Dharamshala hub of the Global Shapers community) at our office in Dharamshala on 1st Dec, 2015.
The concept of the smart city project was discussed. Issues being faced by the people living here and ideas and suggestions for improvement were shared as well as the feedback was taken for the same. The main areas that require immediate attention under the project are health services, transportation and tourism, education and public administration.
For further details about Dharamshala smart city project, check the Facebook link : Dharamshala smart city volunteer’s community


We (at Ruppert Contracting) have been working with clients on their mostly residential projects for the past 16 years. Since my background is European and I am familiar with the typical European home construction, knowing the North-American stick frame systems I wanted to find something better. This is what led me to the ICF (Insulated Concrete Form) products. I was excited to learn that ICF is a better alternative to the traditional stick frame exterior walls, possibly even better than the wall systems that are being commonly used in Europe.
To understand where my excitement came from, let me tell you a bit more about the ICF system:
The Insulated Concrete Form is specially produced EPS/expanded polystyrene foam that look like a giant LEGO block and its two sides are connected with plastic webs. When it comes to assembling the exterior walls on site, the blocks are placed on top of each other by very easy physical labour and reinforcing bars are inserted onto the plastic webs. These bars will later become part of the reinforced concrete. Once the perimeter walls blocks are up and properly supported (so they are plumb), as well as window and door opening are created, workers place concrete into them. This is the most critical point of the ICF construction, as the concrete placement has to be done properly (a knowledgeable person shall monitor the right amount of material flowing into all necessary cavities).
As soon as the concrete is poured the mass of the new wall can be noticed if you are to touch it or lean against it - while the EPS foam will reflect your body heat, even the fresh concrete behind it will provide a very sturdy feel.
What you are gaining with ICF is the following:
- a great deal of thermo mass due to the density of the concrete(this will retain the heat it receives through heating and keep reflecting it once the heating source is turned off)
- a very quiet home - the ICF wall structure is very sound proof
- basically an earth quake-proof structure (like the high-rise buildings, an ICF building's structure is made out of reinforced concrete; therefore, their resistance against earth quakes or vehicle impacts is greater than even the resistance of the European homes that are constructed mostly with ceramic building block and can crack under stress)
- fireproof - the structure will not get compromised in case of fire
- water resistant - even if leaks or floods would happen, they would not compromise the structural integrity of the home. After drying and perhaps some cosmetics, the building can be used again.
- draft free and well insulated environment - I already mentioned the thermo mass, that will help retaining the inside temperature. However, thanks to the ICF walls' great thermal insulation, the heating or cooling costs are significantly lower, too. Since there is a continuous insulation, there will be now thermo-bridging, hence no drafts and cold spots.
I could go on and on about the advantage of this product, because I am a big fan of it as I am of all the better building materials. This being said, I would like to make it clear, that we do not produce and/or sell ICF blocks, we are only the end users - people who build them into their client's homes.
However, this relentless search for the better solutions helps us maintain a high standard when it comes to any parts of the home construction. We have a similar approach to a home renovation, basement finish or an interior remodelling. This is how we like it, this is what is normal for us. We do not expect our clients to see it in any other way either.
To learn more about our services and get your next project started please call or contact me here.
Zoltan Ruppert | RUPPERT contracting ltd.


Frankfurt am Main is home to 13 of the 15 tallest buildings in Germany. Bonn and Cologne are home to the two others. Germany’s other large cities, like Munich, Hamburg, and Berlin are not known for their skyscrapers because those cities have formal or informal bans preventing tall buildings. For example, in Munich new buildings over 100 meters are not allowed to be built.
Frankfurt also had opposition against skyscrapers in the past. In the 1980’s there was strong opposition in Frankfurt against skyscrapers from the Green Party and the CDU.(1) Since then opposition has faded and local citizens have come to embrace the skyscrapers. People are now proud of the skyline.
The city has even had festivals to celebrate its buildings. The Wolkenkratzer Festival has been held four times already, and the last festival, held in 2007, brought over 1 million visitors to downtown Frankfurt.(2) The next festival will be held in May of 2013.
Resistance to building a new skyscraper has decreased in Frankfurt because buildings have become so much more efficient. One great example of the improvements in a building’s efficiency is the site of the Deutsche Bank towers. The towers were completed in 1984, but the bank has recently spent over $200 million Euro on improving the efficiency of the building. The plans goal was to cut the energy use of the building in half.(3) Many of the more recently constructed buildings in Frankfurt are already very energy-efficient.
Here are the five tallest buildings in Germany:
5. Tower 185
Tower 185 will be completed in December 2011. It will be 200 meters tall and have 55 floors. PricewaterhouseCoopers has already signed a contract to become the largest renter in the building. Tower 185 sits in an area of Frankfurt that is rapidly developing. Other buildings, hotels, and shopping centers are currently under construction or in the planning process. Additional public transportation will also be routed to this center.
4. Main Tower
The Main Tower is also 200 meters tall, but it has an antenna that adds an additional 40 meters to its hight. It has 56 stories above ground.
The tower was completed in 1999, and in 2011 it was awarded with a LEED Gold Status.
One other cool thing about the Main Tower is the restaurant located near the top of the building. At 187 meters, the Maine Tower Restaurant and Bar diners can experience great food while enjoying fantastic views of Frankfurt. It is said to be one of the ten best restaurants in Frankfurt.
3. Westend Tower
The Westend Tower was completed in 1993. It is 208 meters tall and has 53 floors.
When it was completed in 1991, the Messeturm was the tallest building in Europe. However it has since dropped to 6th on the list of the tallest buildings in Europe. It is 257 meters tall.
The Messeturm can be easily recognized by the pyramid located at the top of the building. This tower is home to over 4,000 workers.
1. Commerzbank Tower
The Commerzbank Tower has been the tallest building since it’s completion in 1997. It is 259 meters tall and has an antenna that extends the height to 300 meters. Until 2003 it was the tallest building in Europe.
A garden is located in the center of this triangular building. The garden is pert of the building’s “green design”, which was encouraged by the Green Party, and the CDU during the design stages. Because of the green design, the Commerzbank Tower is considered to be an efficient skyscraper.
Of course this list will change in the future, and probably soon, because a number of new skyscrapers are already under construction in Germany.
While Frankfurt has a large share of Germany’s skyscrapers it lags far behind the skyscrapers of other cities. As of right now, the tallest building in Germany isn’t even one of the 150 tallest buildings in the world (source).
(1) Alexander, Matthias. “EZB-Neubau Im Ostend noch ein Doppelturm der Macht.” Frankfurter Allgemeine 20 May 2010. Online.
(2) Alexander, Matthias. “Wolkenkratzer-Festival Feiertage für die Skyline.” Frankfurter Allgemeine 11 May 2007. Online.
(3) “Deutsche Bank ,,Green Towers” im Herzen Frankfurts.” Frankfurter Allgemeine 30 Nov. 2009. Online.
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Proposed Buffer Zone is indicated in yellow
The buffer zone is defined as a designated area that allows for the creation of a layer of protection around the core site. Buffer zones are used to control the urban development which would significantly lessen the value of the core site.
In the case of the San Pablo Heritage District, it is recommended that the buffer zone encompass the first blocks on either side of Rizal Avenue. This is not only to preserve the character of the area, but also to conserve the views and the building heights that may affect the area in the future.


WHO WE ARE
Building Design Partnership is a collaboration of design professionals whose primary goal is to provide the highest level of service and design to their clients while delivering successful projects. We offer services related to General Architecture, Space Planning, Tenant Improvement, Interior Design, Mechanical/Electrical/Plumbing Design and Site Planning through our core consultants. Our project types collectively span the Commercial, Retail, Healthcare, Educational, Religious, Civic and Residential markets. We look for opportunities to incorporate sustainable design into projects in order to reduce negative environmental impacts during the design and life cycle of the projects we are involved in.
Our ability to apply the experiences and expertise from each member of our team, allows solutions to be explored from a variety of perspectives.
To provide our clients with a first-class level of service through teamwork. To raise the level of design and to improve the quality of spaces being built, while broadening the knowledge and expectation of our clients and ourselves during the process. As a result of teamwork we can produce a proper fit between programming goals, spatial requirements and project budget.
Content copyright . Building Design Partnership LLC. All rights reserved.


With the building design in place, soil testing was carried out from 14 October 2004, so as to finalise the basement construction plans and bore piling requirements. The consultant team then proceeded with the building submissions to various authorities.
From 2 to 5 December, Ven. Shi Fa Zhao set up a grand Liang Emperor Altar for a Ground Blessing Ceremony to prepare the site and to inform the Chinatown community about the impending commencement of construction works.
A traditional Chinese perimeter wall and temporary temple mountain gate was fabricated in China and installed on the site in January 2005, as part of our Chinese New Year celebrations and the commencement of our fund raising programmes. A huge tent was built within the site to showcase the building and interior designs and for conducting various ceremonies.
The various building contracts were stringently evaluated by the building consultants team. In March, the main construction was awarded to Sato Kogyo (S) Pte. Ltd, along with other nominated contractors and suppliers. The consultant team went into full gear to lead the construction team.
The narrow site and poor soil condition of the neighbourhood required a diaphragm wall up to 25 meters deep.
The grand Ground Breaking Ceremony was held on 13 March 2005 at the site to mark the launch of the construction project. The event was officiated by Mr Chan Soo Seng, then Minister of State for Education, and attended by numerous eminent Sangha and well wishers from China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Korea and Bhutan. 108 dignitaries helped to break the ground with Singapore ‘changkols’! Besides our numerous donors, we also had a large Myanmar group in attendance.
With the various building approvals and agreements finalized, the site was handed over on 15 April 2006 to Sato Kogyo, our main contractor to commence preliminary site preparations. Sato Kogyo was very quick to mobilize their crew and sub-contractors.
The adjacent streets and shophouses were carefully installed with monitoring devices to detect any soil movement to pre-empt potential problems. Unfortunately, due to the very cramped conditions at the site, Sato Kogyo had to establish their administrative office at an adjoining shophouse at 272, South Bridge Road.
By April, our BTRTM building supervision team was recruited and stationed at 293, South Bridge Road, our site and fund raising office. To reduce the construction time, a simultaneous “Top-Down” method was used.
On 17 May 2006, a blessing ceremony was conducted to initiate the construction of the diaphragm wall and our first of the massive excavation into the ground, as per our ‘top-down’ construction method.
Works progressed very rapidly and by 22 July 2006, a blessing ceremony was carried out to commence bore piling for the foundation of the building. A total of 42 bore piles were constructed. By September 2006, the bore piles underwent rigorous testing to ensure their structural integrity.
Our ‘top-down’ construction method requires the ground floor to be completed first in order to have simultaneous upper floor construction and basement excavations. So on 1 October 2006, first storey ground beam was laid in a simple blessing ceremony.
This was quickly followed on 14 October 2005 with the concreting of the first storey floor slab.
By November, the first storey floor was completed and on 26 November, first story column was raised to proceed to the next phase upwards. There were 2 gaps left on the first storey floor to serve as the access point for the excavation of soil from the basement, which commenced shortly. Numerous trucks rolled in to remove the soft soil, which was tediously scooped from the basement. We had to ventilate the basement works, whilst pumping out water whenever it rains. A hot, humid, smelly, muddy and uncomfortable place to work, credit must go to the excavation crew.
The upper floors needed a tower crane for support. Given the tight site conditions, the tower crane had to be placed within the building, a challenge for both construction crew and the crane operator. By January 2006, we commenced construction of the Mezzanine and Basement 1 floors.
With the construction well in progress, we had to cease the fund raising activities previously conducted at the site. Fortunately, we were able to secure a temporary lease of the next field from January to August 2006. This allowed us to develop and plan for the various Buddhist ceremonies and activities, familiarize our new staff, as well as to showcase our building plans for fund raising.
Meanwhile, progress on the double volume first and mezzanine columns was rapid and on 16 February 2006, we cast the second storey floor. Thereafter, we were able to construct a floor every month with the ceremony for the third storey floor on 16 March, fourth storey floor on 11 April 2006. We also commenced basement 2 excavation, which included the challenging multi-level theatre.
16 March 2006 3rd storey floor
11 April 2006 4th storey floor
On 11 May 2006, when we had the blessing ceremony for the casting of the roof floor, we witnessed five eagles soaring above the construction site during the ceremony.
By May 2006, the structural works had reached the roof level. A Topping-Up Ceremony was held on 5 June 2006. The Guest of Honor was Singapore Tourism Board’s Deputy Chairman and CEO, Mr Lim Neo Chian. Many Sangha and devotees came to support this milestone event. It was a moment of great satisfaction and pride.
By July 2006, we commenced the construction of the wood base at the five pagodas on the roof, for the Japanese roof tiles. This was followed by the laying of the roof tiles, guided by two Japanese roofing specialists. The roof tiles were laid in reverse order to the construction sequence, i.e. from roof downwards to the lower levels.
Meanwhile, the external cladding of wood features and roof tiles also progressed from the roof top downwards.
On 3 October 2006, we conducted the blessing ceremony for the final pouring of concrete at the 3rd basement floor. Thus, bringing to an end the main concrete structural works.
The bronze ornaments for the apex of the roof structures arrived in November from Matsuoka foundry, Nara, Japan. On 26 November, a consecration ceremony was held to bless these roof bronze ornaments, which were there raised and installed at their respective locations.
Floating floors at the front courtyard (above the theatre) and roof corridors (above the Sacred Buddha Tooth Relic Chamber) were installed to cut down on the noise from pedestrian traffic at these areas.
Wind Chimes were affixed at every corner of the roof edges, before the external scaffoldings were dismantled.
Tower crane was dismantled in January and the gaps in the various floors were sealed.
Special granite floor tiles from China were laid in the ground outside the temple.
For Chinese New Year 2007, we opened a small portion of the perimeter barricade at the front, so that the public can have a peep at the almost completed temple.
Originally, the TOP was targeted for January 2007, however due to difficult soil conditions at basement 3 and other construction related problems; we finally got the requisite approvals in April 2007.
On 12 April 2007, the 4 nagapuspa trees from Gangaramaya Temple, Sri Lanka was airlifted here and planted at the front entrance after a simple blessing ceremony.
A series of in-house blessing and consecration ceremonies were held at end April for 7 days, round the clock, with Sangha from China and Thailand as we prepared for the opening of the temple.
We commenced our Orientation programmes in mid April for our members, staff, volunteers and donors; as well as those from various government agencies, travel trade, grassroots organizations and IRCCs. We also distributed goody bags to the neighbourhood residents, organisations and shops to apologise for the expected congestion.
Official Opening on the evening of 30 May 2007,
This brought us to our Grand Official Opening Ceremony was held on the eve of Vesak 2551, 30 May 2007, with President S R Nathan as our Guest of Honor. There were many local and overseas eminent Sangha, grassrrots leaders and guests. This was also held in conjunction with our first Vesak Festival Parade and carnival. The finale of the many years of hard work, tremendous support and generous donations to accomplished this exquisite monument in Chinatown.
The Grand Consecration Ceremony was held on May 2008 and
The Sacred Buddha Tooth was finally placed at its exquisite Chinatown home for the veneration by all Buddhists; showcasing our Buddhist culture and Chinatown heritage to all the overseas visitors to Singapore.


Choosing a dependable, qualified, and honest concrete repair service is no easy task. Too often, homeowners end up hiring the first company they talk to without looking at other options.
Whether you need the service for a big repair work or to fix some minor cracks, choosing a concrete repair company must be done with the utmost care because the wrong choice can result in greater expenses.
Here are 5 professional tips for picking the right concrete repair service:
Your hunt should always begin with thoroughly researching companies. The portfolio of the concrete repair service should be one of the first things to check.
The best concrete repair contractors always have a gallery of their latest projects for potential customers to get a better idea of what to expect. If the company is any good, they will have a portfolio of their projects on their website for you to check.
As a rule of thumb, a concrete repair service should have a minimum of five years of experience in order to be considered consistent and reliable. Aside from expertise, contractors with true experience will also be able to provide advice, recommendations, and insight.
For instance, they will be able to advice you on the different types of concrete options and which one will be best for your project. If you want more experience, consider a repair service with 10 or more years of experience.
You wouldn’t want to be held liable if a mishap occurred on the job. This is why you must ask the concrete contractor about their insurance policies, what they cover, and how they protect you from any mishaps or damages on the job.
Professional contractors will always need to be insured, with a general liability coverage in place. If you aren’t sure, you can always contact the insurance company itself to find out more about the coverage.
This is one of the most important factors that customers consider. When discussing your project with the concrete repair service, request an estimate, including down payment, cost of the concrete, base material, reinforcements, coloring, and sealer. Compare the price with other contractors to find who offers the best deal.
How is the professional image of the company? Are the friendly? Do they take the time to listen? Are they honest? The best place to check is online review sites.
Yelp, Houzz, Facebook, and Angie’s List are good places to start. When reading customer reviews, look out for the negative reviews, and check if the contractor handled the complaint professionally.
Solistone & Concrete Care is a leading natural stone and concrete restoration company based in California. Contact us for affordable and quality service for all your stone and concrete needs.


I first started using Muck Munchers in June 2017. Prior to that I needed to rod our septic tank system every two months. I checked the tank after 4 months and scarcely needed to do anything – a real bonus. I believe that using Muck Munchers my septic tank has really improved. The only downside is that I did not know about it earlier.
It is a principal ethic at Bio-Gard that any product we sell will have no detrimental environmental impact.The Government and Environment Agency have concerns about waste water from effluent treatment plants, septic tanks and cesspits, and, pollution of water courses. Muck Munchers natural, non-chemical, non-toxic, non-pathogenic formulations ensure a very positive effect on reducing any pollutants, ensuring the resulting water released in to the surrounding soil is cleaner and purer.


Guarantee the performance of treatment systems
Implement advanced technologies
Our wastewater plants benefit from innovative techniques and achieve high-performance and reliable treatment.
- Complete water treatment processes that use optimised technologies at every step: from screening to polishing, sand removal, degreasing, settling, biological treatment, decanting and tertiary treatments
- A wide range of quality tertiary treatment solutions: settling by lamellar settling (Densadeg), clarification by sand filtration (Aquazur V), clarification by filtration on expanded polystyrene (Filtrazur), adsorption of micropollutants on activated carbon (Pulsagreen), ultrafiltration with interchangeable modules (Ultrablue Smartrack)
Adapt the treatment systems to the local context
We design and combine more or less complex water treatment processes adapted to each site and its priorities.
- Adjust your treatment techniques to the quality of your effluents and the sensitivity of the receiving water
- Strike the best balance between quality, price, operating costs, energy efficiency and environmental footprint
- Adapt your treatment process to the high variability of the collected effluents
Make sure that your plants operate correctly in compliance with health and environmental standards
We control and optimise facilities, we set up preventive maintenance plans to guarantee the longevity of plants and to conserve legacy assets.
Fully compliant with health and environmental standards, our wastewater treatment facilities guarantee the quality required for the receiving natural medium or the uses as recycled water, and guarantee that the standards applying to discharges are met.
Finally, we design and build wastewater plants with optimised investment and operating costs.