can join the customer's engineering design project and use AutoCAD and other engineering drawing software, as well as SW6, Compress and PV Elite and other equipment calculation software to assist the customer to complete the drawing and design of static equipment such as containers, heat exchangers and towers. At the same time, the Chinese drawing can also cooperate with customers to produce inquiry drawings, mechanical design data sheets and other procurement technical documents.
General Equipment-Beltjacketed mixing container2015-Nanjing-PV Elite
a project mixing container: the lower end of the cylinder is provided with a jacket, the inner diameter of the equipment is 5300mm, the total height is about 13.5m, the medium characteristic is lethal, the volume is 195 cubic meters, and the main material is C.S 10276 composite plate. The design standard is ASME Ⅷ-1 and the calculation software is PV Elite.
Conventional Equipment-Special Material Heat Exchanger5-Shanghai-PV Elite
: heat exchange area 610m2, the main material of the tube process is C.S. 10276 composite plate, and the tube plate is C.S. Ti Zr three-layer composite of different materials. The design standard is ASME Ⅷ-1 and the calculation software is PV Elite.
Conventional Equipment-Design Case 201 of Double Tube Plate Heat Exchanger6-Shanghai-SW6
The tube side medium of the equipment is highly toxic, and a double tube plate structure is adopted. With the help of the latest software of SW6, the structure is checked and calculated.
Conventional Equipment-Tower Design Case 2015-shanghai-PV Elite
a project tower: the total height of the tower is about 46m. The assembly weight is 130t, the design standard is ASME Ⅷ-1, and the calculation software is PV Elite.
Pressure Vessel-Tower Construction ReinforcementStructurecase 2014-Nanjing-Ansys
a maintenance project: due to the serious corrosion of the middle cylinder, the equipment needs to replace the cylinder. during the construction process, the reinforcement structure should be used to temporarily support the equipment, and finite element analysis should be used to help customers check the strength and stability of the reinforcement structure.
Conventional Equipment-Water Treatmentindustryequipmentcase2016-Shanghai-SW6 & PV Elite
provides technical support and equipment design services for the water treatment industry, according to HG/T 20696-1999,JB/T 2932-1999,GB 150-2011,ASME. VIII.Div. 1. Standard design of glass fiber reinforced plastic tanks, plastic tanks, pressure vessels, ladder platforms, steel structure platforms, pressure vessels, container containers and other equipment, and provide technical support for equipment suppliers such as filters.
Scaling Heat Exchanger-Nanjing-Aspen EDR
the heat exchanger was seriously fouled before renovation, and it would stop for overhaul within 1 to 2 months on average, which seriously affected the normal production and operation. Based on the analysis of the fouling causes of the heat exchanger, the renovation scheme was proposed, and the structure of the heat exchanger was reformed, and the fouling phenomenon was obviously improved after renovation. The picture shows the structure before and after the transformation: (screenshot)
Heat Exchange Equipment-Nanjing-Aspen EDR
, the heat exchanger of a device causes medium leakage due to the vibration of heat exchange tubes, resulting in corrosion under scale, thus causing equipment leakage to fail. The heat exchange tube at the junction of the heat exchange tube and the baffle plate is worn, and a large area of ulcer-like corrosion pits occur on the outer surface of the tube bundle. Through the failure reason analysis, the transformation scheme is proposed: eliminate vibration, completely solve the problem of heat exchange tube leakage, transform the heat exchange tube bundle, and at the same time, in order to prevent the concentration of harmful ions in the process water, a sewage outlet is added to strengthen the discharge of concentrated sewage at the lower part of the shell side. The following figure shows the structure before and after the transformation: (screenshot)


ActionFast is a mechanically fastened floor system. This system is comprised of a steel wrapped hardwood plywood nailer and resilient underlayment. The resilient underlayment provides excellent acoustical properties. The ActionFast system bears high static loads well and provides fast play and uniform performance.
ActionFast is ideal for areas where a low system profile is required, suitable for commercial installations as well as high school and college gymnasiums.
PART 1 - GENERAL
A. The information herein details a low-profile, nailed system comprised of steel wrapped hardwood plywood nailer, resilient closed cell foam underlayment and Action MFMA northern hard maple strip flooring.
B. The general contractor shall provide a level, steel troweled slab to a tolerance of + or - 1/8" (3mm) in a 10'0"(3m) radius and subject to the approval of the wood floor contractor. Moisture barriers must be adequate for conditions. The concrete slab is to be depressed 1/2"(12mm) plus the thickness of the flooring specified.
1.02 Quality Assurance
A. All system component parts must be supplied by Action Floor Systems, LLC.
B. Manufacturer shall be a MFMA Mill Member, an established firm experienced in the field and have been in business a minimum of ten (10) years; Action Floor Systems, LLC or an approved equal.
C. Manufacturer shall be solvent with no bankruptcy proceedings the previous seven (7) years.
D. The flooring contractor must be approved by Action Floor Systems, LLC.
E. Carbon Evaluation must be inclusive and based on all corporate facilities; offices and mills.
F. The manufacturer and flooring shall be independently verified by the guidelines of the
ISO 14064-1:2006 World Resource Institutes Greenhouse Gas Protocol, Scope 1, 2 and 3.
G. The manufacturer and flooring shall be independently verified by the guidelines of the
ISO 14040:2006 and ISO 14044:2006 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), confirming a negative carbon footprint.
H. The manufacturer and flooring shall be registered in the Collaborative for High Performance Schools (CHPS) Product Database.
I. Flooring system shall be independently verified to meet or exceed the SCORES criteria for environmental design and athletic performance: Sustainable Construction of Renewable Engineered Surfaces.
1.03 Working Conditions
A. The wood flooring shall not be installed until all masonry, plastering, tile, marble and terrazzo work is completed, and overhead mechanical trades and painters have finished in wood floor area. The building must be reasonably dry; all openings must be closed in; permanent heating and air conditioning installed and operating.
B. The concrete slab shall be dry, free of foreign materials, and turned over to the wood flooring contractor broom clean. Moderate room temperature of 65 degrees (18 C) or more shall be maintained a week preceding and throughout the duration of the work. Humidity conditions within the building shall approximate humidity conditions which will prevail when the building is occupied. Care should be taken to maintain humidity within the range of 35% to 50%.
A. Action Floor Systems, LLC. warrants the material it ships to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one year and the flooring installer warrants the installation of the flooring to be free of defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one year. The exclusive remedy under this warranty shall be replacement of defective material supplied by Action Floor Systems, LLC. or correction of defective installation by the flooring installer. All implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for intended use are limited to the period of this warranty. This warranty excludes consequential damages.
B. This warranty does not cover damage caused by fire, winds, floods, chemicals or other abuse or by failure of other contractors to adhere to specifications, or neglect of reasonable precaution to provide adequate ventilation during hot and humid weather. This warranty also excludes damage due to excessive dryness or excessive moisture from humidity, spillage, migration through the slab or wall or any other source. This warranty also excludes damage to floors due to ordinary wear and tear, faulty construction of the building, (other than the flooring installation), separation of the concrete slab underlying the floor, settlement of the walls, or use of water on the floor.
C. During the warranty period, the floor cannot be coated without the permission of the floor contractor.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
1. Flooring shall be northern hard maple strip flooring, 25/32 x 2-1/4" (20mm x 57mm) or 25/32 x 1-1/2”(20mm x 38mm) wide, TGEM, MFMA graded & stamped as manufactured by Action Floor Systems, LLC.
2. Grades available are MFMA 1st, 2nd&Btr., 3rd&Btr., and 3rd grade.
3. Action Long-Length (LL) strip flooring (optional).
4. FSC Certified lumber (optional).
1. Vapor barrier shall be 6-mil polyethylene.
2. Underlayment: 5/8"(16mm) thick, pre-grooved 12”(300mm) on-center, multi-cellular, closed-cell flexible foam with density of 2.0 to 2.3 PCF as supplied by Action Floor Systems, LLC.
3. ActionFast nailer insert; 3/8”(10mm) multi-ply hardwood plywood.
4. ActionFast 20-gauge roll formed galvanized steel channel shall wrap nailer insert.
5. Channel anchors shall be 3/16"(5mm) minimum diameter flat head, minimum 1-1/2" (38mm) long, or as approved by Action Floor Systems, LLC.
6. Flooring fasteners shall be 1-1/2”(38mm) flooring cleats or staples.
7. Perimeter wall base shall be 3” x 4”(76mm x 102mm) rubber vent cove base with matching premolded outside corners (specify black or brown) as supplied by Action Floor Systems, LLC.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
A. Inspect concrete slab for proper tolerance and dryness reporting any discrepancies in writing to the general contractor.
B. All work to put the concrete slab in acceptable condition shall be the responsibility of the general contractor.
A. Cover concrete slab with poly lapping edges 6" and seal with adhesive or 2”(50mm) duct tape.
B. Place grooved foam on slab, groove side up in a brick pattern, with grooves across short dimension of room.
C. Place steel channels in grooves, anchoring the channels 14"(250mm) o.c. with steel drive pins. Use additional pins at ends of channels. Offset channel ends with ends of grooved underlayment a minimum of one foot.
D. Machine nail strip flooring at right angles to ActionFast nailer strip, nail at each nailer intersection. End joints must be driven-up and proper spacing provided for humidity conditions of the area as recommended by the local Action Flooring Systems, LLC flooring contractor. Allow 2”(50mm) voids at perimeter and all vertical obstructions.
3.03 Floor Sanding
A. Use coarse, medium and fine grade sandpaper.
B. After sanding with drum sander, buff entire floor using 100 grit screenback or equal grit sandpaper, with a heavy-duty buffing machine.
C. Vacuum or tack floor before first coat of finish.
D. Floor shall present a smooth surface without drum stop marks, gouges, streaks or shiners.
A. Inspect entire area of floor to ensure that the surface is acceptable for finishing, completely free from sanding dust and perfectly clean.
B. Apply seal and finish per manufacturer's instructions.
C. Screenback or steel wool and vacuum or tack between each coat after it dries.
D. Apply game lines accurately after the seal coat, after buffing and vacuuming. Lay out in accordance with drawings. For game lines, use current rules of association having jurisdiction. Lines shall be straight with sharp edges in colors selected by the architect. Game line paint shall be compatible with finish.
3.05 Base Installation
A. Install rubber base to walls with recommended adhesive or screws, neatly miter inside corners and use premolded outside corners. Install aluminum thresholds as required, anchoring firmly in concrete floor beyond limits of wood flooring.
3.06 Clean Up
A. Clean up all unused materials and debris and remove from premises.
A. Upon completion of floor installation, the owners, attendants or individuals in charge and responsible for the upkeep of the building are to see that the care and maintenance instructions of the MFMA are followed. Failure to do so may void warranty.
IT IS THE POLICY OF ACTION FLOOR SYSTEMS, LLC. TO CONTINUOUSLY UPDATE AND IMPROVE OUR PRODUCT LINES. THEREFORE, WE RESERVE THE RIGHT TO CHANGE, MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE SYSTEMS, SPECIFICATIONS AND ACCESSORIES OF ALL PRODUCTS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT ANY NOTICE OR OBLIGATION TO ANY PURCHASERS.


One of the most complex yet common challenges in a project like this one is that rail lines have to be extremely flat. As surveyors bring their assessments in, you'll discover that the Toowoomba ranges are anything but – full of hills, valleys and floodplains, they present a significant challenge to engineers whose jobs it is to get a train moving smoothly and safely along this part of the alignment.
Check out the video below, which details why trains struggle to go up steep gradients 🚂 ⛰
So, if can’t go over the hill, what's our option?
Simple – go through it. Rail tunnelling is used to effectively punch a hole through the hill at a flat alignment. This process is highly complex, and involves moving lots of materials, making cuttings, and building embankments.


Highlights of our key services
ALTA/NSPS Land Title Surveys
An ALTA/NSPS Land Title Survey is a comprehensive survey that is required by lending institutions for major real estate transactions. This survey is performed with the benefit of a title search provided by a title company to disclose all easements, Rights-of-Way, conditions, restrictions, etc., that may affect the subject property. Snyder Surveying has completed ALTA/NSPS Land Title Surveys for commercial clients ranging from single commercial building properties to large 50+ acre retail campuses. For more information regarding ALTA/NSPS Land Title Survey, click here.
Your home is most likely the biggest investment of your life, so it is important to know exactly where your boundaries are located. If your looking to make improvements (sheds, fences, walls, etc.), a property survey will help you avoid costly mistakes in the future. Snyder Surveying has extensive property surveying experience while performing hundreds of property surveys ranging from small subdivision lots to 200+ acre farms.
We provide construction stake-out for residential, commercial and industrial projects. Our layout experience ranges from single-family houses to multi-million dollar commercial site developments.
FEMA Elevation Certificate
Is your property located in a FEMA floodplain? Snyder Surveying can assist you with completing a FEMA Elevation Certificate to apply for or adjust your existing flood insurance. Click here for more information regarding FEMA Elevation Certificates.
Thinking about subdividing your land? Snyder Surveying will complete all the necessary survey tasks while teaming up with other local professionals to help you through today's demanding rules and regulations of land development.


Japan’s Shinkansen technology would be adopted for the Mumbai-Ahmedabad bullet train project, with technology transfer to support the Make in India programme
India’s first bullet train is most likely to be completed by 2027, the managing director of National High-Speed Rail Corporation Limited (NHSRCL), Rajendra Prasad told ANI news agency. According to Prasad, the company will try to run bullet trains in Gujarat by August 2027. While a trial run will be conducted by June 2026 between Surat to Bilimora. He said the construction work is under process and 220 km of piling is completed so far.
“There are indigenous parts that are being used in the construction of rail project and it is a proud moment for the country. 220 km of piling is completed. We are working 24 hours. We are confident that by June 2026m the Surat-to-Billimora trial run will be done,” the NHSRCL MD added.
He said that the high-speed rail corporation got great support from the Maharastra government as 98% of land acquisition was completed. “We have floated a tender and will soon start the civil engineering work in Maharashtra,” he said. On the India-Japan collaboration in the project, Prasad said, “Japan Shinkansen train has zero fatality and it has a track record of safety. Japan’s quality is known to the world. Our engineers will also receive training in Japan.”


Why solar water pumps?
Why solar water pumps?
No Wind? No Grid? No Problem.
Well sunlight is free and abundant. Humans are dependent on water for survival. Inorder to obtain their daily water requirements we pump our water from wells, dams, rivers, ponds,etc. Since the system is OFF-Grid, it can always pump water even in an apocalypse.
The pumping technology of the 19th century was the windmill. The 20th century brought the power grid to these systems. In the 21st century and beyond, the solution is solar! Need more water than you can pump during daylight hours? You can supplement your solar water pump system with deep-cycle batteries, charged by the same solar panels that run your well pump. No more paying the power company and electricians thousands of dollars to hook up pumps to the grid. No more trenching miles of power cables. No more electric bills.
No More Electric Bills
No more paying the power company thousands of dollars to hook up pumps to the grid. No more trenching miles of power cables. No more electricians. No more electric bills. The time for solar is now!
With our step-by-step installation guide, anyone can install our solar well pump. If you can connect terminal wires and connect plumbing, you'll have no trouble doing this yourself. We also have a helpful step-by-step video to walk you through the installation process.
The Windmill Killer
Windmills are outdated, 19th-century technology, vulnerable to breaking down and prohibitively expensive to repair. These cumbersome systems are being replaced by the sleek, robust, and durable solar technology of the 21st century. Best of all, with solar, there’s no need to hook up to the grid!
Now Better Than Ever
Over the past few years, solar cells and brushless motor technologies have made great strides. Our engineers have designed and manufactured our kits using the best new technologies for the most efficient and affordable systems anywhere.
Windmill 220V AC Pump - 3/4hp Cheers Solar Pump Kit (with solar panels) Cost of system $5,000 $500 $1000 Installation $1,000 $200 $200 Electrician 0 $200 0 Trenching 0 $200 0 Cost of electricity per gallon $0 $0.002 $0 Total cost after 1 year (or 200,000 gallons at ~500 gallons/day) $6,000 $1,500 $1,200 Total cost after 5 years $6,000 $3,100 $1,200
Solar powered water pumping systems (surface pumps & submersible pumps) with pump controller operates and moves amounts of water to storage tanks (watering tanks or irrigation directly by solar energy, if the water level in borehole is low, the pump will stopped by controller.
solar water pumping systems will be more and more popular in the near future, most people use pump by solar instead of ac powered pump, it is much more easy for off-grid home water supply, move water from borehole for livestock, the water flow rate can be from 1 gallon per minute to hundreds .


In-Situ Project Construction
- 30 min30 minutes
- Greentech Construction (HQ)
Since its founding, Greentech Construction Sdn Bhd has been one of the most trusted names in the industry. Hire us for this service and learn how we cater to the needs of each client, ensuring the results you need and deserve.
Greentech Construction Sdn Bhd, Jalan Lagenda 1, Lagenda Heights, Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia


“How Long Does PVC Pipe Last? It’s a question commonly asked by homeowners, contractors, and DIY enthusiasts alike. Understanding the lifespan of PVC pipe is crucial when planning plumbing projects or evaluating the durability of existing installations. PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipe is widely used due to its affordability, versatility, and corrosion resistance. But just how long can you expect PVC pipe to endure? In this article, we will delve into the factors that affect the longevity of PVC pipe and provide insights into its expected lifespan. Whether you’re considering PVC pipe for plumbing, irrigation, or other applications, having a clear understanding of its durability will help you make informed decisions and ensure long-term success. So, let’s explore the fascinating world of PVC pipe lifespan and unravel the key factors that influence how long it can last.”
How Long Does PVC Pipe Last Compared to Other Materials?
When it comes to plumbing and construction projects, the durability of materials is a significant consideration. PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipe is a popular choice due to its affordability and versatility, but how does it compare to other materials in terms of longevity?
In the realm of pipe materials, PVC stands out for its impressive lifespan. On average, PVC pipe can last anywhere from 50 to 100 years or more, depending on various factors such as installation quality, usage, and environmental conditions. Its resistance to corrosion, chemicals, and UV rays contributes to its longevity, making it a reliable option for a wide range of applications.
When compared to other common pipe materials like galvanised steel, copper, or PEX (cross-linked polyethylene), PVC pipe often outperforms them in terms of longevity. Galvanised steel pipes, for example, may last around 20 to 50 years, while copper pipes have a lifespan of 50 to 70 years. PEX pipes, on the other hand, generally have a lifespan of around 40 to 50 years.
Factors Affecting the Lifespan of PVC Pipe
The lifespan of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipe can vary depending on several factors. Understanding these factors is essential when considering the longevity of PVC pipe installations.
One significant factor that influences the lifespan of PVC pipe is the quality of the installation. Proper installation techniques, including appropriate joint connections and secure fittings, contribute to the pipe’s durability and longevity. Improper installation, on the other hand, can lead to premature failures and reduced lifespan.
Environmental conditions also play a crucial role in the lifespan of PVC pipe. Exposure to extreme temperatures, sunlight, and harsh chemicals can degrade the material over time. PVC pipe is generally resistant to corrosion and chemical damage, but prolonged exposure to certain substances may impact its lifespan.
Usage patterns and maintenance practices can further affect the longevity of PVC pipe. Heavy usage, excessive pressure, or frequent temperature fluctuations can accelerate wear and reduce the lifespan. Regular inspections, maintenance, and timely repairs can help extend the life of PVC pipe systems.
The Role of Maintenance in Extending PVC Pipe Lifespan
Maintenance plays a crucial role in extending the lifespan of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipe installations. While PVC pipe is known for its durability, proper maintenance practices can significantly contribute to its longevity.
Regular inspections are essential to identify any signs of wear, damage, or leaks in PVC pipe systems. Early detection allows for timely repairs or replacements, preventing further deterioration and extending the overall lifespan of the pipe.
Proper cleaning is also vital for maintaining PVC pipe. Removing any debris, sediment, or potential blockages helps ensure smooth flow and minimises the risk of clogs or pressure build-up that can strain the pipe.
Protecting PVC pipe from extreme temperatures, sunlight, and chemicals is equally important. Applying suitable insulation or protective coatings can shield the pipe from potential damage and help maintain its structural integrity.
Lastly, following manufacturer guidelines and best practices for usage, such as avoiding excessive pressure or load, can help prolong the lifespan of PVC pipe.
Predicting PVC Pipe Longevity: How Long Can You Rely on It?
Predicting the longevity of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipe can be a valuable consideration when planning plumbing or construction projects. While PVC pipe is known for its durability, several factors can influence its lifespan.
First and foremost, the quality of the PVC material itself is crucial. High-quality PVC pipes manufactured according to industry standards are designed to withstand the test of time. Ensuring that you source PVC pipes from reputable suppliers can help you rely on their longevity.
Environmental conditions also play a role in predicting PVC pipe longevity. PVC is inherently resistant to corrosion, but exposure to extreme temperatures, sunlight, or harsh chemicals can affect its lifespan. Proper insulation, UV protection, and avoiding contact with corrosive substances can help maintain the pipe’s integrity.
Additionally, installation techniques and maintenance practices contribute to PVC pipe longevity. Following proper installation procedures, including appropriate joint connections and secure fittings, ensures optimal performance. Regular inspections, timely repairs, and proactive maintenance can further extend the lifespan of PVC pipe systems.
While it’s difficult to provide an exact timeframe for PVC pipe longevity, considering these factors can give you a reliable estimation of how long you can rely on PVC pipe in your specific application.
How Long Does PVC Pipe Last in Different Environments?
The lifespan of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipe can vary depending on the specific environmental conditions it is exposed to. Understanding how PVC pipe performs in different environments is essential when considering its longevity.
In general, PVC pipe is known for its excellent resistance to corrosion, making it suitable for a wide range of applications. In moderate and normal environmental conditions, such as indoor plumbing systems, PVC pipe can last anywhere from 50 to 100 years or more.
However, in more extreme environments, such as those with high levels of sunlight, extreme temperatures, or exposure to chemicals, the lifespan of PVC pipe may be affected. Prolonged exposure to UV rays can cause degradation of the pipe over time. Similarly, exposure to extreme temperatures or harsh chemicals can lead to a reduced lifespan.
To maximise the lifespan of PVC pipe in different environments, it is crucial to consider protective measures. Applying UV-resistant coatings, insulating against extreme temperatures, and avoiding exposure to corrosive substances can help ensure the longevity of PVC pipe installations.
While PVC pipe is durable in various environments, understanding the specific conditions and taking appropriate precautions will help you determine how long you can expect PVC pipe to last in different settings.
The Future of PVC Pipe Lifespan: Innovations and Enhancements
The longevity of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipe has been a key factor in its widespread adoption for various applications. However, ongoing innovations and enhancements in PVC pipe technology are paving the way for even longer lifespans and improved performance.
Advancements in PVC formulation and manufacturing processes are resulting in pipes with enhanced durability and resistance to environmental factors. Researchers are continually developing additives and reinforcements that further increase the pipe’s resistance to UV rays, extreme temperatures, and chemical exposure.
Furthermore, advancements in installation techniques and jointing methods are contributing to the longevity of PVC pipe systems. Improved sealing mechanisms and stronger connections minimise the risk of leaks or failures, ensuring long-lasting performance.
Releted Post :Can you use Plumbing PVC for Electrical Conduit? |Can you run Romex in PVC Conduit? |Can I use White PVC for Electrical Conduit?|Will salt damage PVC pipe? |How to Remove Dried PVC Glue from Pipes?|How to Connect Copper Pipe to PVC?|How to Thread PVC Pipe for Your Projects| Innovative PVC Pipe Dishwasher Designs for Modern Kitchens
In conclusion, the longevity of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipe is a significant advantage that makes it a popular choice for various plumbing and construction applications. PVC pipe has a proven track record of durability and can last for several decades when installed and maintained properly.
The lifespan of PVC pipe is influenced by several factors, including installation quality, environmental conditions, and usage patterns. By ensuring proper installation techniques, such as secure fittings and appropriate joint connections, and adhering to manufacturer guidelines, the lifespan of PVC pipe can be maximised.
Additionally, protecting PVC pipe from extreme temperatures, sunlight, and exposure to harsh chemicals can help maintain its structural integrity over time. Regular inspections, maintenance, and prompt repairs also contribute to prolonging the lifespan of PVC pipe systems.
Overall, with its resistance to corrosion, chemicals, and UV rays, PVC pipe offers a reliable and long-lasting solution for modern plumbing and construction needs. By understanding the factors that influence PVC pipe longevity and implementing appropriate measures, it is possible to rely on PVC pipe installations for many years to come.


Passive Solar Design
Constructed and completed in 1999, the guest house was designed for maximum thermal efficiency and energy conservation. The design is “passive solar”, to retain the sun’s heat in the winter and provide “coolness” during the summer. This is achieved through orientation of the building to the south and careful calculations of window glazing ratios, roof overhangs for summer shading and insulation. The 2 foot thick, solid walls are made of an insulation core, pinned with rebar, wrapped in remesh, quilted with wire, sprayed with 2.5″ of gunnite (dry cement mix) and expertly plastered to a smooth finish on the inside.
Solar Heated Water & Rainwater Collection
Water is heated from solar collection heat exchange panels on the roof. This system is backed up by an instantaneous, ‘on demand’ water heater to provide unlimited hot water. Rain water is “harvested” from the metal roof and stored in 3 large cisterns with a capacity of 1600 gal each, for a total of 4800 gallons.
Appliances were purchased for their maximum energy efficiency, and we are probably one of the only inns in the entire country with no electric dryer. Linens are dried on clothes-lines in the Arizona sun, so old fashioned, but guests love the fresh smell and it all works beautifully.
Many berms and swales were constructed to prevent erosion and to help to build better soil, and have since ‘weathered in’ with new vegetation to blend in with the natural landscape. All gardens, impacted areas, driveways, etc are landscaped on contour to maximally retain water during rain and to prevent erosion while assisting the water to quickly penetrate as groundwater.
Part of our land parcel, was once an orchard. Now, 65 years later, we are working to restore areas where top-soil washed away during the orchard phase. A large scale experiment, we are inoculating sandy soils with mycelium spores, heavily mulching and extensively planting with native plants. It is very rewarding work.
Native Plant Landscaping
Native, drought resistant plants next to the guest house attract butterflies and hummingbirds and are all deer and rabbit resistant. These plants are adapted to the area, require no special care, and no fertilizers or herbicides as they are indigenous to the high desert.
“Graywater” from the baths and showers of the hosts residence goes to a worm composting system.
Sustainable Building Design Consulting
Learn more about principles of energy efficient design, solar passive heating, water harvesting… with permaculture design tour


ARCOSYSTEM® Elevated GRP Cable Duct
Whether on rail routes, at airports, or in the field of energy supply, the availability of modern systems largely depends on reliable power supply and transmission of information. In this context it is important that a multitude of sensitive cables are efficiently protected against outside influences. The elevated GRP cable duct system offers reliable protection against foreign influences and was designed for difficult terrains. The elevated GRP cable duct system ARCOSYSTEM® Sizes 1 + 2 was designed for topographically diffi cult terrains along the rails. Even in such conditions the laying of cables does not present a problem. ARCOSYSTEM® Size 1 has a usable inner cross section of 100 x 150 mm and ARCOSYSTEM® Size 2 250 x 150 mm. The elevated cable duct ARCOSYSTEM® Sizes 1 + 2 allows a maximum distance of 6 metres between the sigma posts. Therefore a structural analysis was done and rechecked by an inspecting structural engineer. The GRP cable duct is extremely light, yet solid due to the doublewalled construction of the base. The lid snaps in to the base and can only be opened with an accuratetool.


TEXAS TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION TO MEET ON KEY ITEMS TO INCLUDE EL PASO
September 21, 2009
On Thursday, September 24, 2009 at 9 a.m. the Texas Transportation Commission will meet to discuss six important project items that will affect El Paso:
Written by Senator Eliot Shapleigh, www.shapleigh.org
El Paso - On Thursday, September 24, 2009 at 9 a.m. the Texas Transportation Commission will meet to discuss six important project items that will affect El Paso:
The Texas Transportation Commission will authorize the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) Executive Commissioner to negotiate a pass-through toll agreement with the Camino Real Regional Mobility Authority for development of a portion of the I-10 at Loop 375 (America's Interchange) project which includes four direct connectors to and from I-10 to Loop 375.
To fund this infrastructure, along with other interchange and aesthetic improvements along the I-10 corridor, the Texas Transportation Commission will also consider a $35 million State Infrastructure Bank loan request made by the El Paso Camino Real Regional Mobility Authority.
In addition, the Commission will approve a minute order authorizing the designation of Loop 375 (Cesar Chavez Border Highway) from U.S. 54 (Patriot Freeway) to Zaragoza Road, as a toll project on the state highway system.
Lastly, the Texas Transportation Commission will preliminary approve a $6.3 million loan to the City of El Paso that will pay for improvements to the El Paso Del Norte Bridge.
"Here is the most important El Paso agenda in the generation. We are moving forward with key items that will build infrastructure, improve mobility, and make sure El Pasoans will move safer, smarter and faster."
Click here to view the Texas Transportation Commission agenda.
- End -


We manufacture high quality water tanks which helps in preserving purity of water. Each and every water tank is highly durable as well as sturdy. Widely used in home and for industrial purposes.
Loft water tanks are our sect of water tanks suitable for usage in household and industrial machinery. These water tanks can be ideally used for indoor purposes and can be hoisted on ledges.
Septic water tanks find extensive use in underground supply of water in houses, apartments and buildings. Septic water tanks come in Mini Jumbo and Jumbo types with variations in color and capacities
Our under head quality water tanks help in preserving water even at extreme depths. Steady ribs in these water tanks make them durable and sturdy in the long run.
We offer a range of plastic dustbins which can be put to use in homes, apartment buildings, hospitals, hotels and industrial units. These plastic dustbins can be availed in various shapes and colours.
The inception of Ocean was in the year 1998 with an installed capacity of 60,000 litres/day. At the time of establishment, Mr. Philip A. Mulakkal was working abroad and the firm was managed by his father M.P. Aippunny Master, who is retired school Head Master, ‘Victoria’ his mother’s name was put to the firm which manufactures Ocean Water Tanks. Mr. Philip has an experience of more than 18 years with Multi-national corporations engaged in offshore drilling all over the world.
The three arm biaxial rotational molding machine changed the face of manufacturing by contributing largely to Production efficiency. Now we have a total production capacity of 15,00,000 liters/day. ISO 9001-2015 was awarded to the Company in October 2016. The company is also rated for An NSIC-CRISIL SE 2B . “GANDHIYAN VYAVASAYA PURASKARAM” award received by Mr. Philip A. Mulakkal in the year 2004 was another feather on our cap. The quality of our products has been appreciated by Government of India by giving our products the coveted ISI in the year 2005.
A unit for manufacturing high end plastic water tanks; we grew rapidly from a 4,00,000 litres per day unit to 10,00,000 litres per day unit. Ocean water tanks and pipes has been accredited with coveted ISI from Bureau Indian Standard (BIS). Revolutionary Three Arm Biaxial Technology changed the look of manufactured water tanks. This feature increased the production efficiency of water tanks. The other popular water tanks offering wide choices for the customers are Ocean Brand Automatic water tanks (200-20,000Liters), designed to prevent water overflow, saving water and electricity.
We deal in high quality water tanks, which ensure the complete purity of the stored water. These water tanks are extremely durable and sturdy. These tanks are popular for home usage as well as industrial usage.
FITTINGS & ACCESSORIES
The range of vertical sump tanks that we deal in is available in the capacity of 1000 liters. These vertical sump tanks are utilized to store water either as Underground water tanks or in special cases as over head water tanks. For additional strength we have designed vertical and horizontal ribs in the vertical sump tanks. Our range is reasonably priced and proves to be durable in the long run.
Our range of plastic loft tanks finds usage in household kitchens, hotels and in other industrial units. These loft tanks are perfect for indoor usage, and can be hoisted onto ledges. These plastic loft tanks are available in capacities ranging from 225 to 325 liters and provide high resistance against corrosion and external pollution. These tanks are widely used for storing water in house boats and fishing boats to store drinking water.
Its automatic water tank (200 to 20000 liters) has become the ultimate choice of the customers. It is a common experience that overflow from the tank is not stopped in time resulting in wastage of water and electricity.
Ocean manufactures pipes for multiple uses in our day to day activities. Pipes in Ocean come in different sizes for several uses in our core activities.
We offer a range of plastic dustbins which can be put to use in homes, apartment buildings, hospitals, hotels and industrial units. These plastic dustbins can be availed in various shapes and colours. Our entire range has proven to be extremely durable and resistant to cracking and leakage. Available in 120 liters.


|Introduction||Historical Background||Chronology||Geography||Biography||Technology||Ownership and Financing||General Bibliography|
|Middle Atlantic States||Pennsylvania||Allegheny|
Allegheny was laid out in 1788, incorporated as a borough in 1828 and as a city in 1840. It was annexed to Pittsburgh in 1907.
The first water system in Allegheny was operating by the end of 1842, distributing water to four hydrants on Fleming Street (now Sandusky) through lead pipes supplied from a reservoir fed by a spring. The reservoir property was advertised for sale in December, 1842, but no other information about this system has been found, including its owners.
The 1840 charter for the city of Allegheny did not include any reference to water works, but rather gave the city councils "all the powers and authorities now vested by law in the select and common councils of the city of Philadelphia." The 1870 comprehensive charter revision gave the city councils "power to provide for a supply of water."
After engaging in numerous studies, including a potential supply from the adjacent city of Pittsburgh, the city of Allegheny built water works that began service in September, 1849, pumping water from the Allegheny River into an elevated reservoir. The rapid growth of the city placed significant strains on the water works systems, which struggled to expand the system rapidly enough to deliver sufficient water at an adequate pressure. The Allegheny system was merged with the city of Pittsburgh's water works after being annexed in 1907.
Water service is provided
by the City of Pittsburgh.
1840 An act to incorporate the city of Allegheny. April 13, 1840.
Daily Post, December 13, 1842, Page 3.
To Capitalists, or others wishing to make a good safe investment of funds. The following described property for sale; a lot 395 by 84 containing the reservoir of the Allegheny Water Works, or in other words, a capital spring furnishing sufficient water to supply an hundred families conveyed by lead pipes down Fleming st., into the city, 4 hydrants are now in operation, supplying about 50 families.
business directory of the cities of Pittsburgh & Allegheny,
Page 103: It is contemplated to supply the city of Allegheny with water from the new basins, by laying a main pipe across under the Allegheny river.
1847 "Proposals will be received at the office of the Pittsburgh Water Works, until the first of October next, for erecting Engines and Pumps of the Allegheny City Water Works," Pittsburgh Daily Post, September 23, 1847, Page 3.
1849 "Water in Allegheny," The Pittsburgh Gazette, September 17, 1849, Page 2.
1849 "Water in Allegheny," The Pittsburgh Gazette, September 21, 1849, Page 3.
1851 An act ... relative to water rents in the city of Allegheny... April 8, 1851. Section 10 addresses collection of water rents in the city of Allegheny.
1853 Annual Report of the Board of Water
Commissioners of the City of Detroit. In 1853, the new
Board of Water Commissioners of the City of Detroit sent superintendent
Jacob Houghton, Jr. to visit and report on water works in other cities.
Page 21-22: Allegheny City Water Works.
1857 An act relative to water rents in the city of Allegheny. April 15, 1857.
1860 Relative to Taxes, Rates and Levies payable to the city of Allegheny. February 28, 1860. Section 7 refers to collection of water tax.
1864 An act relative to additional water works in the city of Allegheny. April 19, 1864.
1864 "Introduction of Water Meters," The Pittsburgh Gazette, May 25, 1864, Page 1.
1865 An act supplemental an Act relative to additional water works, in the city of Allegheny. March 23, 1865.
1866 An act to repeal an act, approved the nineteenth day of April, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, entitled ďAn Act relative to additional water works, in the city of Allegheny," and its supplement. April 11, 1866.
1869 An act authorizing the city of Allegheny to issue water bonds. March 22, 1869.
reduce the charter of the city of Allegheny and the several acts
amendatory thereof into one act, and to revise the same. March
Chapter Third - Powers and Duties of Councils. Section 10. Councils shall have power to provide for a supply of water by the construction and regulation of wells, pumps, cisterns, reservoirs or water-works; to prevent and punish injuries to the works, and the pollution of the waters; and for the purpose of establishing water-works, or for supplying the same with pure water, the corporation may go beyond its territorial limits, and its jurisdiction; to prevent or punish any injury to the water-works or pollution to the stream or source of water shall extend beyond 1ts corporate limits.
1872 A supplement to an act authorizing the city of Allegheny to issue water bonds, approved March twenty-second, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine. March 8, 1872.
1873 A further supplement to an act approved the twenty-second day of March, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, entitled "An act authorizing the city of Allegheny to issue water bonds." March 12, 1873.
1881 Allegheny, from Engineering News, 8:243 (June 18, 1881)
1882 Allegheny, from "The Water-Supply of Certain Cities and Towns of the United States," by Walter G. Elliot, C. E., Ph. D.
1887 "The Water Supply of Allegheny," by James Hayward Harlow, Proceedings of the Engineers Society of Western Pennsylvania, 3:97-109 (1887)
1888 "Allegheny," from Manual of American Water Works, Volume 1.
1890 "Allegheny," from Manual of American Water Works, Volume 2.
1891 "Allegheny," from Manual of American Water Works, Volume 3.
1893 "The Water Supply of Pittsburg and Allegheny City," by James Hayward Harlow, Proceedings of the Engineering Society of Western Pennsylvania 9(3):17-33 (March, 1893)
1894 "Report of Committee on Water Supply of Pittsburg and Allegheny," by James Hayward Harlow, Proceedings of the Engineering Society of Western Pennsylvania 10(4):1-4 (April, 1894)
1895 "Five-foot Gate Valves for the Allegheny Water Supply Conduit," Engineering News 34:143 (August 29, 1895)
1897 "Allegheny," from Manual of American Water Works, Volume 4.
Digest of the acts of assembly relating to and the general ordinances
of the city of Allegheny from 1840 to April 1st, 1897
Pages 250-251: Water Rates
1987 "The Allegheny City Water Works, 1840-1907," Bruce W. Jordan, Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine, 70(1):29-52 (January, 1987)
© 2016 Morris A. Pierce


Transport Scotland is an agency of the Scottish Government and is accountable to Parliament and the public through Scottish Ministers.
You can contact Transport Scotland in writing, by phone or email.
From 2 August 2010 Transport Scotland is responsible for:
- Rail and trunk road networks
- Major public transport projects
- National concessionary travel schemes
- Impartial travel services
- Coordinating the National Transport Strategy for Scotland
- Liaising with regional transport partnerships, including monitoring of funding
- Sustainable transport, road safety and accessibility
- Local roads policy
- Aviation, bus, freight and taxi policy
- Ferries, ports and harbours
- The Blue Badge Scheme


Hydraulic Elevator vs. Traction Elevator: Which Is Right for You?
Every building has its unique structural and operational demands, and the wrong type of elevator can lead to a cascade of issues, from increased maintenance costs to inefficient energy usage.
This article tackles this pressing dilemma head-on. By dissecting the traction vs. hydraulic elevator debate, we’ll get into the specifics of pros and cons, costs, features, energy usage, and installation nuances.
Read on to uncover the insights needed to make a decision that not only enhances the functionality of your property but also aligns with its long-term operational goals.
Overview of Hydraulic Elevators
Hydraulic elevators have been a reliable choice in the world of vertical transportation for many years. They operate using a hydraulic system, which consists of a fluid-driven piston mounted inside a cylinder. This system propels the elevator car up and down through varying fluid pressure.
One of the standout features of hydraulic elevators is their straightforward installation process. It makes them a practical option for low to mid-rise buildings.
The strength of hydraulic elevators lies in their robust lifting capabilities. This makes them ideal for buildings with fewer floors but requiring heavy lifting capacity.
Their installation costs are generally lower compared to traction elevators, as they don’t need extensive overhead machinery or a deep pit. This cost-effectiveness is a significant advantage. Especially for smaller buildings with budget constraints.
However, when discussing hydraulic vs. traction elevator energy usage, it’s crucial to note that hydraulic elevators are less energy-efficient. They consume more power per floor traveled. This is primarily because the hydraulic pump must work against gravity to lift the elevator.
This increased energy usage can impact long-term operational costs. Despite this, the durability and reliability of hydraulic elevators continue to make them a popular choice in specific building types.
Overview of Traction Elevators
Traction elevators, on the other hand, operate using a system of ropes and pulleys. They are driven by motors that move the ropes, which in turn lift or lower the elevator car. This design makes traction elevators ideal for high-rise buildings where extended vertical travel is necessary.
One of the primary hydraulic vs. traction elevator features that set traction elevators apart is their speed and efficiency. They can travel faster and handle more stops than hydraulic elevators. This makes them suitable for tall buildings with high traffic.
The design also allows for smoother rides and requires less space in the building’s structure. This is because they do not need a machine room like hydraulic elevators.
Regarding hydraulic vs. traction elevator costs, traction elevators tend to be more expensive upfront due to their complex machinery and installation requirements. However, they are more energy-efficient compared to hydraulic elevators.
This efficiency stems from their counterweight system. It balances the weight of the car and reduces the amount of energy needed to move it. Over time, this energy efficiency can lead to cost savings in utility bills, particularly in buildings with frequent elevator usage.
Traction vs. Hydraulic Elevator Pros and Cons
Starting with speed and efficiency, traction elevators have the upper hand. They move faster and are better suited for high-rise buildings where swift vertical transport is vital. On the other hand, hydraulic elevators are slower but provide a powerful lifting solution, ideal for buildings with fewer floors.
The aspect of space requirement is another crucial difference. Hydraulic elevators require a machine room, which can be a limitation in buildings with space constraints.
Traction elevators often come with a machine-room-less option and offer a sleeker, more space-efficient design. This difference can be a deciding factor for buildings where space utilization is critical.
Discussing hydraulic vs. traction elevator costs, the initial installation cost of hydraulic elevators is generally lower. However, in the long run, traction elevators can be more cost-effective due to their lower energy consumption and maintenance needs. This makes traction elevators a more sustainable choice for buildings with a focus on energy efficiency and long-term cost savings.
Hydraulic vs. Traction Elevator Installation
When it comes to installation, the right choice often depends on the building’s specific requirements.
Hydraulic elevators, with their simpler design and lower installation complexity, are typically chosen for low-rise buildings, usually up to five or six stories. They are also preferred in cases where heavy lifting capacity is needed, such as in industrial buildings or freight applications.
Traction elevators, with their capability to travel faster and higher, are the go-to option for mid to high-rise commercial buildings, such as office towers and luxury apartment complexes.
Their installation is more complex and requires careful planning and consideration of the building’s structure. The need for a more intricate pulley and counterweight system means that the installation process takes longer and requires more technical expertise.
Future-Proofing with Technology
Both hydraulic and traction elevators have embraced technological advancements to make them more efficient, user-friendly, and adaptable to future changes.
For hydraulic elevators, advancements in hydraulic systems and controls have led to improved energy efficiency and smoother operation. Modern hydraulic elevators now incorporate variable frequency drives (VFDs), which allow for more precise control of the elevator’s speed and position.
This not only enhances the ride quality but also reduces energy consumption. This addresses one of the traditional downsides of hydraulic elevators.
Traction elevators have seen significant tech upgrades too. The integration of regenerative drives is a game-changer. They allow these elevators to generate electricity during operation, which can be fed back into the building’s power grid.
This technology not only reduces the overall energy consumption of the building but also aligns with sustainability goals.
In both types, the incorporation of smart technology is making elevators more efficient and easier to maintain. Remote monitoring systems can predict maintenance needs and identify issues before they become major problems. The outcome is minimized downtime and an extended lifespan.
The Right Fit for Your Property
Making the right choice between a hydraulic elevator and a traction elevator can be daunting. Toledo Elevator, with decades of experience in vertical transportation, stands ready to guide you through this crucial decision. Our expertise in both types of elevators ensures that your property receives a solution tailored to its unique needs, backed by our commitment to safety, efficiency, and customer satisfaction.
Don’t let uncertainty dictate your decision. Reach out to Toledo Elevator for advice rooted in experience and a free, no-obligation quote.


a rivier / canal "runs over" an aqueduct.
Sufficiently large aqueducts may also be usable by ships.
They are a kind of viaduct, carrying water instead of a road etc. While a road
bridge often carries the road at a more elevated level than the rest of the
road, such a variation of height is not possible for an aqueduct, of course.
In the Netherlands there are several (modern) aqueducts, i.e.:
* Aqueduct under the Vliet/Leidschendam-Voorburg
* Aqueduct Veluwemeer/Harderwijk
* Aqueduct Ringvaart Haarlemmermeer.


Upcycled Transit Table, aluminum
Boris Bally is the master of re-invention. Transforming road signs into utilitarian works of art, Bally gives recycled aluminum new life, in colorful, dynamic proportion.
Effective charisma purvey this work by Bally. Adjoined upcycled street signs illuminate moments in time between the history of the material and its delightful composition.
• 30" (76.2cm) height of entire table from floor up
• 36" (91.44cm) length
• 36" (91.44cm) width
• Courtesy of DPW - Department of Public Works
• Highly reflective, outer periphery material may not be bent
• One of a kind


Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly speaker Mushtaq Ahmad Ghani has announced the construction of a sports stadium of international standard in Abbottabad.
According to Ghani, the sports complex will be built on the extra land of Commissioner House in Abbottabad with a cost of Rs300 million.
Speaking to APP, Ghani said, in the past, no one could took steps to promote sports in the region.
Prime Minister Imran Khan has directed to utililise all available resources to bring change in the life of the people, he added.
“With the construction of this sports complex, Abbottabad will once again be the centre of attention,” he said.
He said he felt pride while announcing the PTI government’s decision about the construction of the sports complex, which would be completed in record time.
He said the people, particularly youth of the Hazara region were deprived of sports facilities and the sports complex would fulfill their requirements.
“The stadium will have a multipurpose sports gymnasium,” he added.
Earlier on May 29, 2018 Minister for Education Muhammad Atif Khan inaugurated the newly constructed sports complex in Mardan.
Constructed by Mardan Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education at a cost of Rs370 million, the Sports Complex is spread over 200 kanals area.
The sports complex is equipped with state-of-the-art facilities and have separate grounds for cricket, volley ball, football and separate areas of table tennis, basketball.
The Minister stressed on promoting sports and said that government is also working over it keeping in view its importance to enhance the capabilities of our young generation.


Edison Water Resources, a wholly owned subsidiary of Edison International, is a developer of water treatment facilities. Established in 2015, the business focuses on providing reliable, sustainable, and local sources of water through a variety of water purification and treatment technologies. Edison Water Resources’ offerings advance state and local goals in response to a growing emphasis on sustainability, increasing water scarcity and ever higher prices for this valuable resource. We focus on two core solution offerings to increase local water supplies: 1) the use of onsite wastewater recycling units and 2) the deployment of small, energy-efficient, reverse osmosis units to purify brackish groundwater.
Projects are in development in California with expansion opportunities being explored throughout the state and across the country.


Acts as a staff specialist in providing technical guidance for complex or unique assignments. The incumbent must be capable of diversified knowledge of design engineering principles and practices and independently making decisions on significant design engineering problems or methods.
Responsible for technical direction over a group of engineers or specialists.
Bachelor's Degree in Civil/Structural Engineering from an ABET accredited curriculum, or equivalent.
QUALIFICATIONS AND EXPERIENCE
Normally requires a minimum of 10 years of experience in Civil/Structural Engineering (or equivalent working knowledge/experience). Usually referred to as a lead position. Registration as a licensed professional engineer is required. Incumbent must be cognizant of the capabilities and limitations of various computer software packages and automated engineering and design equipment to effectively direct their use for diverse engineering assignments.
TYPICAL DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Ability to read, analyze and interpret general business periodicals, professional journals, technical procedures or governmental regulations. Ability to write reports, business correspondence, and procedure manuals. Ability to effectively present information and respond to questions from groups of clients, managers, designers and engineers.
Ability to work with mathematical concepts such as probability and statistical inference, and fundamentals of plane and solid geometry and trigonometry. Ability to apply concepts such as fractions, percentages, ratios and proportions to practical situations.
Occasionally may conduct or participate in a field trip to an operating plant or construction site. This requires normal hearing, the ability to stand, walk, reach, climb and balance, clear close and distance vision, depth perception and the ability to focus. Lifting up to 25 pounds may be required.
Normal work environment will be a business office with moderate noise. Occasionally may visit or be temporarily assigned to work in an operating plant or at a construction site. This may require exposure to outdoor weather conditions, loud noise, work near moving mechanical parts, electrical energy, construction equipment, vibration, fumes, chemicals and airborne particles.


Surface Water Remediation with Permeable Reactive Weirs
Erick McWayne, Intracep Engineering, LLC
January 16, 2019
Introduction: Permeable reactive weirs (PRWs) are hollow dams that contain filter media and other water treatment equipment with optional fish and boat passage features used to treat surface water. Permeable reactive weirs can (1) improve aquatic habitats by removing pollutants; (2) reduce temperatures by inducing flow within the streambed; and (3) increase dissolved oxygen by creating cascades. Water treatment equipment within the weir is selected to remove a wide variety of pollutants including agrochemicals (e.g., herbicides and insecticides), heat, metals, nitrogen, phosphorus, pathogens, petroleum, salts, surfactants, suspended solids, nanoparticles, halogenated hydrocarbons, and other toxic organics.
Permeable reactive weirs may be installed in a variety of configurations including linear, labyrinth, piano key, or arched designs. These configurations may be selected to reduce upstream pool depth, accommodate passage of watercraft, and improve pollutant removal efficiency. Installations may be permanent or temporary for spill response. PRW walls may be rigid or flexible. Below are figures of an arched PRW design (A), comprised of multiple replaceable cartridges that contain filter media and other water treatment equipment (B).
Fish Passage and Hyporheic Treatment: Engineered streambeds (i.e., hyporheic zones) may be installed below the permeable reactive weir to improve aquatic habitats by removing pollutants from water and reducing thermal pollution by cooling the water during hyporheic flow. Surface water upstream of the weir is pushed into the streambed by the hydraulic head differences between the upstream and downstream sides of the weir. A cutaway illustration of a PRW installed above an engineered hyporheic zone is shown below.
PRWs may accommodate fish passage via integrated fish bypasses (shown above), or integrated fishways (shown below).
Powered PRWs and Remote Operation: PRWs may be connected to an electrical, mechanical, or thermal energy source. Electrical power may be supplied by the local utility grid, or via dedicated hydroelectric, photovoltaic, or wind generator systems and battery storage. The mechanical power may be supplied by a collocated or integrated water wheel that rotates a cam shaft. Thermal energy may be provided by a ground-source or solar heat exchanger. The connected power source may energize water treatment equipment and performance monitoring equipment within the weir. Performance monitoring equipment may relay telemetry via wireless internet connection. The internet connection may allow remote monitoring, flow control via servo-valves, and maintenance cycling (e.g., bubble scrubbing and back flushing). Monitoring equipment may include fish sensors that record fish type and count, and automatically open fish passage when fish are present.
Water treatment equipment may include reactive media filters, membranes, electrocoagulators, electrodeionizers, and nontoxic chemical oxidizer generators (e.g., ozone generators). Valves on the influent ports control the water flow rate through the weir. Multiple permeable reactive weirs may be used in series to improve surface water remediation performance. Screened hoods and drawdown orifices may be installed on the influent ports to prevent clogging by floating debris.
Technology Scalability and Applications: Permeable reactive weirs are scalable and configurable to site conditions. PRWs may be installed within ditches, small streams, large rivers, and stormwater treatment systems. PRWs may be located downstream of stormwater outfalls to intercept stormwater pollutants to reduce surface water impairment. or within storm sewer systems. PRWs may be used as level spreaders and check dams within stormwater BMPs (shown below).
For more information, or to request a project proposal please contact Erick McWayne, at (800) 684-6634 or email@example.com.


Seeking Senior Civil Engineering Project Manager (Sarasota) 22 December 2016
Waldrop Engineering is seeking an experienced Senior Civil Engineering Project Manager for land development projects for our Sarasota office. It is an opportunity to work with an aggressive, dynamic, and growing multi-disciplinary firm on land development projects. This person will help grow our office in the Sarasota area as well as help lead & manage a development team of engineers and designers to design, permit, and construct projects.
Waldrop Engineering is a diverse land development consulting firm providing civil engineering, planning, and landscape architecture services throughout Florida for a wide array of projects including master planned residential communities, golf course & destination resort communities, community parks, commercial & industrial developments, and master surface water management systems.
The applicant must have the following skill sets:
Personal Qualifications Include:
- Hard working, detail oriented, and technically sound with engineering principles & practices.
- Permitting experience with local agencies.
- Highly motivated to progress in career path with a growing firm.
- Able to work effectively within a multi-disciplinary team.
- Engineering expertise in water & wastewater distribution systems, surface water management systems, drainage systems, roadways, and other similar land development related design.
- Preparation of engineering permits, plans, and technical specifications.
- Effectively process multiple permitting entitlements across a variety of governmental agencies.
- Provide engineering services related to construction activities and project certifications.
- Management of project team & client relationships including contract procurement, contract administration, and project coordination throughout the duration of the project.
- 10+ years of civil engineering experience with land development projects.
- Minimum of a BS in Civil Engineering.
- P.E. licensure.
- Experience with construction plan preparation for utility, stormwater, and land development/site design for local governmental agencies.
- AutoCAD/Civil 3D experience preferred.
- Engineering programs such as ICPR, StormCAD, & WaterCAD.
- MS Office, Excel, and Project


Aquatic centre is heated with geothermal energy – aquatherm green was used – 57 million dollars was invested by the Latrobe Valley Authority in the Gippsland Recreation and Aquatic Centre (GRAC) in Traralgon, Victoria, Australia. The centre contains a range of facilities for competitive swimming, recreation, community use and large regional events, including a 50-metre indoor pool with eight lanes and 500 spectator seats. It also includes an indoor water play area, warm water therapy pool with whirlpool, 25-metre outdoor pool and wellness centre, among others.
As the first public recreational facility in Victoria, the swimming pools and all GRAC buildings are heated by a geothermal heating system. This uses the region’s groundwater, which has sufficient heat with geothermal gradients of up to 7.3 °C/100 m, making it ideal for geothermal use. Environmentally friendly and sustainable geothermal energy is a central component of the project and is expected to help reduce the ecological footprint and generate significant energy cost savings each year.
n order to reach the groundwater reservoir below Traralgon, a geothermal well was drilled to a depth of 636 metres and 642 metres. The water temperature at this depth is about 65 to 68 °C. The boreholes have an inner diameter of 200 mm. A submersible pump was installed in the borehole to pump the hot groundwater and feed it to the plate heat exchanger in the GRAC building services room. There, the heating water system with low-temperature circuit ensures that the energy from the groundwater is distributed to the various ventilation systems and the swimming pools. The water, which is cooled down to about 40 °C after this process, is returned through sand to a depth of 562 to 610 m via the seepage well 450 m away.
The water temperatures of 68 °C at the above-mentioned depth exceeded the expectations of those involved in the project: the geothermal groundwater thus provides 11.098 l/sec and around 2.8 MW of geothermal power per year as cost-effective and almost CO²-neutral energy for the swimming pools and the buildings of the entire GRAC facility.
One challenge of the project was to find a suitable piping system that would transport the geothermal heating water with flow and return via buried pipelines. Accordingly, it is important that the pipe material is suitable for geothermal heating, i.e. it must be able to withstand the transport of 68 °C warm water in connection with a water pressure of max. 10 bar with a calculated service life of 50 years. In addition, it should be corrosion and chemical resistant to the various minerals in the bore water over this period. In addition, the system must have good insulation properties and thus low thermal conductivity, and it should be flexible.
Corrosion-resistant, durable and flexible
Due to the special material properties, aquatherm green was chosen for this project. The pipe system from aquatherm consists of the corrosion-resistant and recyclable material polypropylene, which is characterised by its durability. The very good chemical resistance, the low pipe roughness and the high impact strength are important properties that speak for this pipe. Thanks to the low thermal conductivity of 0.15 W/mK compared to 384 W/mK for copper or 50 W/mK for steel, insulation of the buried aquatherm green was not necessary here.
aquatherm manufactures its own fibre-reinforced polypropylene composite. The three-layer pipes are extruded with a fibre-reinforced middle layer that stabilises the pipe and minimises expansion and contraction. The linear expansion coefficient is
α = 0.035 mm/mK. As the thermal expansion forces of aquatherm green are much lower than those of metal pipes, no anchor points or expansion facilities were required for the buried pipes. Furthermore, aquatherm green is lighter than metal materials. This can, for example, save the hiring of a crane to transport the pipes. Likewise, the easy processing of the pipes by socket or butt welding facilitates the installation and saves a lot of time.
Likewise, the easy processing of the pipes by socket or butt welding facilitates the installation and saves a lot of time. For the return line from the GRAC site boundary to the seepage well, a total of 545.2 m of the pipe system, also in the dimension 250 mm, was laid. All pipes and fittings are “Made in Germany” and were delivered from the aquatherm production facility in Germany directly to Australia in a 20 feet sea freight container. ree on-site training was provided for the installation, site support and required tools were provided by aquatherm technicians.


Munro Hall received a new steam pipe, which supplies steam for the heat and hot water system, last week as part of scheduled maintenance.
The pipe originates in the Mann Student Center boiler room, but runs underground between the student center and Munro.
Munro residents did not have hot water for a short period of time at the beginning of the week.
“The main steam valve that supplies heat to Gardner and Munro had to be shut off,” Michael Johnston, maintenance manager of the Facilities Department, said, “thus the students of Munro did not have hot water for about 10 hours.”
Johnston said the Student Development Office was made aware of the maintenance a week in advance to avoid any surprises.
The pipe corroded over the years and Facilities did not want to wait until the winter to replace it or risk “potential damage to the building,” Johnston said.
Sean Farrell Excavation Inc. dug up the area outside the Mann Student Center and Industrial Burner Systems Inc. repaired the pipe.
The steam pipe, which cost “a few thousand dollars,” Johnston said, is fixed and the walkway was repaired this week.
Jackie Logan contributed reporting to this story.


About Pavement Systems
Pavement Systems, LLC (PaveSys) is a pavement research and development/consulting company. We developed the LTPPBind low-temperature model and the first version of the binder grade selection software in 1998. LTPPBind saves over $50 million annually in purchasing asphalt binders.
Since 2006, LTPPBind has been developing a series of innovative asphalt test methods based on the incremental Repeated Load Permanent Deformation (iRLPD) concept. We currently have three mixture tests for rutting, fatigue cracking, and moisture damage. Three binder tests have also been developed for high, intermediate, and low temperature binder characterization. LTPPBind and iRLPD tests allow for full performance characterization of asphalt materials.
PaveSys is currently developing a new version of LTPPBind software that will significantly expand its capabilities. Engineers will be able to analyze the mixture and binder testing data through new LTPPBind tools. The software allows for reading the test output and provides tools for determination of test parameter, master curve development, and estimate of pavement life (allowable traffic) for asphalt mixture, mastic, and binder. It also determines the test temperature and aging level from climatic data for various tests. Another tool in LTPPBind will determine the aging level (time and temperature) for asphalt mixture and binder based on climatic data.
Dr. Haleh Azari has been recognized by AASHTO Subcommittee on Materials for her contributions in advancing pavement materials testing, including her research in developing the iRLPD tests.


Retaining walls are walls which support soil laterally to the wall. To allow soil to be retained at different levels, the wall may have different levels. This is useful when you want to build a patio, deck, or a wall. There are many ways to build a garden wall. These tips will help you choose the best one for your needs.
The first step is to choose the right material for your wall. You have many options for building retaining walls, depending on your budget and design preferences. Poured concrete is the most common option for retaining walls in a commercial setting. In rural settings, pressure-treated timbers and gravel are the preferred materials. These materials are more economical than concrete. Before you begin building your retaining walls, ensure you adhere to all local and state regulations.
Once you have chosen the material, you need to decide the wall's height. While most retaining walls are less than four feet high, some can reach six meters. A structural engineer or landscape architect may be able to help you design a taller wall. A structural engineer can help you design the best retaining walls to suit your home. A professional should be hired to install a larger retaining yard or home.
Retaining walls can make your landscaping look better. When done correctly, a retaining wall can become an integral part of your landscape. If you have a slope of more than 3:1, you should consult an engineer before building one. It is important to check the temperature and drainage system for the retaining walls. The wall's ability to drain will depend on the temperature, so make sure you check the slope before you start building it.
While a retaining wall looks like a simple stacked stone or block, it is actually a complex system that restrains tons of saturated soil from slipping away from the foundation. Retaining walls not only make your landscape more beautiful, but they also serve a useful purpose. Terracing gardens can also increase the amount of yard space that is usable. You can also use a tumbling garden to prevent erosion and create a terracing area in your garden.
Another option is to use retaining walls for your landscaping. These can be simple or intricate, and can be used for different applications. These are ideal for slender walls and high loads. These walls are very attractive. If they are properly installed, they can make a huge difference to any landscape. They will not only increase the value of your property but also improve the overall aesthetics. A retaining wall can be a great addition to your home.
Walls can not only increase the property's value but also increase the safety and security of your home. Your neighborhood will be safer and your neighbors will appreciate your efforts. A retaining walls is a great way of protecting your landscape from erosion. It will also make access to your house easier. A retaining wall will give you more space in your yard.
Retaining walls can be a great way for water to flow. They can protect your property from erosion and flooding. A retaining wall can help keep water out of your yard. This can be a huge benefit for homeowners. A retaining wall can help homeowners direct water and keep the soil in their place. It is essential to make sure that the wall is sturdy.
There are many types of retaining walls. However, the main purpose of them is to direct water flow. If your property is on a slope that is near water, a retaining walls can be a great way to protect it. A retaining brick wall will increase the usable space in your yard and prevent erosion. A local building contractor can help you design a retaining walls in your yard.
Port Pirie is a small city on the east coast of the Spencer Gulf in South Australia, 223 km (139 mi) north of the state capital, Adelaide. Port Pirie is the largest city and the main retail centre of the Mid North region of South Australia. The city has an expansive history which dates back to 1845. Port Pirie was the first proclaimed regional city in South Australia, and is currently the second most important and second busiest port in SA.At the 2021 Census, Port Pirie had a population of 13,896. Port Pirie is the eighth most populous city in South Australia after Adelaide, Mount Gambier, Gawler, Mount Barker, Whyalla, Murray Bridge and Port Lincoln.


“Lyulin” becomes part of Struma Motorway, and the road Kalotina – Sofia becomes the “Europe” highway, which will include the North Speed Tangent. This is stipulated in a decision of the Council of Ministers, which approves the list of republican roads and accepts the list of roads from the republican road network, for which a vignette fee is paid.
“Lyulin” Motorway joins Struma because of its small length – 19.6 km and the fact that it is a natural beginning of the route “Struma”, so the Sofia-Pernik section becomes part of the Sofia road – Pernik – Dupnitsa – Blagoevgrad – Simitli – Kresna – Sandanski – border Greece “.
On November 15, 2018, the contract with the selected contractor was signed for the construction of 14.5 km of the Kalotina – Sofia route in the section from the border point to the Dragoman road junction, the project also envisages an exit to the Dragoman intermodal terminal. a contract and another section of it – between Dragoman and Slivnitsa, with the modernization of the road between the border with the Republic of Serbia and Sofia will improve the country’s connectivity with our western neighbor, thus reducing travel time and increasing road safety under item Asset.
With the government decision, the bridge of the Danube in the direction of Rousse – Giurgiu for the part of the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria is defined as a facility for which a fee is collected for the use of a separate facility on the republican roads, according to the provision of the Roads Act analogous to the current situation .
The change in the republican roads list is due to the many changes that have occurred related to the commissioning of new road sections which are part of the country’s national road network, or the dropping of routes from it.


Green Roof Maintenance is essential to keeping your green roof healthy and looking well.
Having a green roof is a real benefit for your building and for it to continue to deliver the visual and ecological advantages for which it was originally developed it is necessary for you to keep it maintained regularly.
All green roofs need to be inspected at least twice a year to ensure that the outlets etc are in working order.
One of our expert group will carry out an extensive review of your green roof to identify what restorative work, if any, requires to be done.
For information of basic upkeep on the different kinds of our green roofings, please contact us for more details


Biological processes used for the treatment of industrial waste water are either aerobic (in the presence of oxygen) or anaerobic (in the absence of oxygen). Anaerobic processes entail fermentation of organic content by microorganisms, producing energy-rich biogas. No energy is required for the air supply, and also very little excess sludge is produced. However, not all organic compounds can be treated anaerobically, which is why there is often a subsequent aerobic process.
Eisenmann offers customers a truly end-to-end solution for treating biological waste water, including the Pyrobustor® for the thermal treatment of sewage sludge.
Combined aerobic processes
The manufacture of TV tubes generates waste water contaminated with both organic and inorganic pollu-
tants. For this application, Eisenmann designed a plant with an aerobic biological process for treating the organic pollutants and a separate, physical-chemical precipitation stage for the inorganic contaminants.
For the aerobic stage, a m
) under aerobic conditions with high sludge age was used. This high-performance process produces minimum excess sludge. The waste water contaminated with inorganic compounds is pre-treated by flocculation and sedimentation
and the pollutants subsequently removed by detoxification
, followed by precipitation. They can then be directly discharged into the river via gravel filters
Combined anaerobic processes
In collaboration with the Fraunhofer Institute, Eisenmann has developed a process for the anaerobic treatment of waste water. The central element is an anaerobic
MBR with an Eisenmann rotating filter which completely re-
moves the adapted microorganisms from the treated wa-
ter. As a result, a large proportion of the energy contained in the waste water in the form of organic compounds can be converted to biogas, with minimum excess sludge production. Ultrafiltration reclaims the phosphate and ammonium, which are dissolved in the solids-free clarified waste water, for use as fertilizers. Furthermore, the purified water can be reused in a variety of ways.


Timelines for a 100% renewable energy future - Canberra
In a land as weather beaten as Australia, harnessing natural forces for power seems to be an extremely clever option. Communities and engineers are working on the cutting edge to develop new technologies and systems to achieve this goal. But how long will it actually take to achieve?
When can we expect to see a 100% renewable energy future?
What will it take to get there?
19-23 Moore Street
Turner ACT 2602


Appreciate it while it flows
Our aims are to reduce water usage, increase conservation program, and protect natural habitats.
Water conservation program implementation
Water conservation includes all the policies, strategies, and activities to sustainably manage the natural resources of fresh water, to protect the hydrosphere and to meet the current and future human demands. Population, household size and growth and effluents all affect how much water is used. Factors such as climate change and landslides have increased pressures on natural water resources especially in manufacturing and agricultural irrigation.
The Lake Restaurant located near MAS Student Residential Hall, uses treated water to maintain water quality. The water used by the restaurant is treated then discharged into the lake.
Finally, using water-saving techniques can save money and diverts less water from our rivers, bays, and estuaries, which help keep the environment healthy. They can also reduce water and wastewater treatment costs and the amount of energy used to treat, pump, and heat water.
Water recycling program
Recycling water allows us to continually reuse one of our most vital resources. Water recycling removes contaminants from rainwater collected and allows it to re-enter local water tank for other uses. Recycling water ensures that the water is safe for consumption and other practical uses.
The Welcome Centre is one of the buildings in UUM that uses rainwater for its fish pond. By using rainwater, the Welcome Centre will save about 15m3 of treated water. A water meter is installed to measure the amount of rainwater that has been used. The recycled water is also used for its garden sprinkler system, toilet flushing, cooling system and aquaponics. The rooftop area of the Welcome Centre is 9m3 where it will able to collect rain water and save money.
In conclusion, water recycling can help us find ways to decrease the diversion of water from our sensitive ecosystems. Other benefits include decreasing wastewater discharges and reducing and preventing pollution.


Metro Washington’s already notorious traffic congestion is set to get even worse in the coming decades according to new analysis by the National Capital Region Transportation Planning Board (TPB).
The analysis indicates that the region will continue to experience worsening congestion for both highways and transit in the region without additional funding for transportation and changes to land use patterns.
Several media outlets reported on the analysis, including:
NewsTalk with Bruce DePuyt: Ron Kirby, COG’s Transportation Planning Director, and Todd Turner, Transportation Planning Board Chair, discuss the findings of the new analysis:
The Washington Examiner: “Traffic woes likely to persist for decades, officials say”
ABC 7: “Washington metro area traffic to worsen in next 30 years, study says” (video below)
To view/download a presentation providing an overview of the analysis, click here.


An alternative Procedure for Seismic Analysis and Design of Tall Buildings Located in the Los Angeles Region, LATBSDC, 2014.
Guidelines for Performance-Based Seismic Design of Tall Buildings, PEER-TBI, 2010.
Is Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis Ever Useful? -- The Case of A Partially Constructed 54 Story Building That Did Not Satisfy Seismic Code Requirements --
Investigation of the Impact of Various Foundation Modeling Techniques on the Accuracy of the Response Obtained from Three-DimensionalResponse History Analysis of Buildings
Soil-Structure Interaction forBuilding Structures, NIST GCR 12-917-21
Structural Analysis and Design of the Walt Disney Concert Hall, Los Angeles
Seismic Performance Assessment of Buildings, Volume 1 – Methodology, FEMA P-58-1 / September 2012, FEMA
Applicability of Nonlinear Multiple-Degree-of-Freedom Modeling for Design, NIST GCR 10-917-9
CSMIP-3DV User Guide
CSMIP-3DV Technical Manual
Automated Post-Earthquake Damage Assessment and Safety Evaluation of Instrumented Buildings
Performance of Extensively Instrumented Buildings During the January 17, 1994 Northridge Earthquake -- An Interactive Information System
A New Rigid Connection for Heavy Beams and Columns in Steel Moment Resisting Frames
The Web-based World Housing Encyclopedia
Hidden Zones of High Stress in Seismic Response of Structural Walls
Seismic Performance of Four Instrumented Steel Buildings during the 1994 Northridge Earthquake
Design Practice to Prevent Floor Vibrations
Farzad Naeim, Inc.
Copyright © Farzad Naeim, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


Date(s) - 10/10/2019
10:00 am - 1:00 pm
Categories No Categories
Thursday – We will use some of the Birch we have pulled from the heathland in the past weeks to reinforce the bank either side of the bridge, add some new supports and a handrail. The nearby boardwalk needs a ditch dug along side it and the soil will be used to create a step at the end.
Meeting point: Leechpool Wood, Harwood Road Car Park


CDP - Development
Languages: English | Spanish
ICSC established the CDP (Certified Development, Design and Construction Professional) credential in 2007 to advance high professional standards in shopping center development, design and construction worldwide. Candidates for the CDP designation demonstrate at least five years of qualified work experience in development, design and/or construction of shopping centers as an owner representative, development manager, project manager, tenant coordinator, architect, engineer, general contractor, construction manager, facilities manager, retail store planner, or retail construction manager. CDP certification is achieved through mastery of a body of knowledge, completion of the eligibility requirements, passage of a rigorous half-day written examination, and commitment to a code of professional ethics. Through the ICSC, an elite group of shopping center development, design and construction professionals enjoys unparalleled opportunities for industry involvement and industry-wide recognition.
Successful CDP candidates are actively engaged in shopping center development, redevelopment, design or construction with a minimum of five years of active, full-time experience obtained within the past six years. Qualifying work experience may include shopping center site selection, acquisition, development, design or construction functions in a local, regional, national or global capacity. Developers, project managers, tenant coordinators, architects, engineers, general contractors, construction managers, facilities managers and retail store planners and retail construction managers representing owners or retailers who have the ability to apply comprehensive knowledge across disciplines principles are encouraged to apply.
Body of Knowledge
Successful CDP candidates must master a body of knowledge that represents the full scope of the practice of development, design and construction in retail real estate. The composition of the CDP exam is guided by extensive industry research into the knowledge, skills and experience needed for a qualifying candidate to hold the CDP designation. The CDP Admissions & Governing Committee oversaw a methodical and comprehensive investigation into the content that should assessed. Their research resulted in the identification of 60 essential competency areas organized into eight knowledge domains. View the full content details, outline and category weights online.
- Domain 1. Pre-Development (20%)
- Domain 2. Design (20%)
- Domain 3. Construction and Construction Management (20%)
- Domain 4. Retail Store Planning (10%)
- Domain 5. Tenant Coordination (10%)
- Domain 6. Government and Regulatory Compliance (5%)
- Domain 7. Project Cost Management (5%)
- Domain 8. Legal, Risk Management and Ethics (5%)
- Domain 9. Sustainability (5%)


Solutions in Thermal Insulation and Impermeability
Consultancy, Design, Calculation, Development and Implementation of Solutions in Thermal Insulation and Impermeability in all types of Works and Constructions. We deliver an efficient solution complying with current environmental regulations at the lowest possible cost.
- We evaluate your requirements.
- We propose the most efficient economic solution adjusted to the norm.
- Elaboration of Thermal Memory and Architecture Project for construction permit.
- Execution of the solution in the field and quality control of proposed solution.
- Development of the waterproofing solution with high quality and efficiency product.
- We tackle solutions for the rainiest cities in southern Chile such as Valdivia, Osorno and Puerto Montt.
- We avoid the damage caused by humidity in buildings, extending their useful life.
- We help a strong reduction in maintenance costs per share of water and the damage it causes.
- We work with high quality standards of products manufactured in the United States and complying with current national regulations.


Winooski One Hydro Plant
Winooski One is a 7.4 Mw hydroelectric generating station located in Winooski, Vermont, on the Winooski River as it flows between the cities of Burlington and Winooski. The station consists of a refurbished spillway with a rubber dam abutting a historic timber crib dam. A fish lift and riverside park have been constructed as part of the station.
The flow of the Winooski River is directed into a powerhouse with three identical double-regulated Kaplan turbines, which drive synchronous generators, allowing for a highly efficient run-of-river operation.
The average annual net output of 30 million kWh is fed directly into BED’s distribution system.
Hydroelectric power is a clean, renewable energy source.
|7.4 MW (Net)
|Ideal Electric Synchronous Generators
Brushless DC exciters
|Sulzer Escher Wyss (Now Andritz)
3 – Bevel Gear Full Kaplan Bulb Turbines
|Lifetime station availability
Average annual plant factor is 47%
|Run of River Hydroelectric
|13.8 kV Burlington Electric Department
|Cooling Water System
|Closed loop heat exchangers cooled by river flow
|Westinghouse Circuit Breakers
Andover Controls – Turbine and site automation


The particular experience of Howard and Seddon Partnership lies in the following areas of activity:
The whole range of site planning and development consultancy including assessment of development potential, formulation of development proposals and preparation of development briefs. Negotiations with Government bodies on development proposals.
This can include situations where the land use is not established or where unauthorised development is undertaken. Preparation and submission of planning applications and of objections to Statutory Plans. Co-ordination, preparation and presentation of evidence for Town Planning Board hearings into objections to the Statutory Plans and for Appeals against the refusal of planning permission. Expert witness relative to architectural wishes for Town Planning Appeals for applications refused Outline or Detailed Planning consents.
Urban Design and Area Improvement:
Analysis of urban and rural components and conception of redevelopment proposals.
New urban developments and redevelopment, commercial, industrial, housing and community planning and management projects.
Architectural Projects: Commercial:
Redevelopment of Urban Renewal Areas, with new build hi-tech office units, refurbishment of existing building stock; and Change of Use; projects from individual units to multi unit sites. Green field sites. Work in conservation areas, including new build and refurbishment. Projects associated with buldings located in areas of special interest. Building styles from traditional to contemporary.
Architectural Projects: Residential:
Renewal of existing building stock with refurbishment and new build schemes; individual sites; green field sites. Projects from single dwelling situations through to volume housing sites. Projects range from low to high value residencies. Building forms, new apartments, through to dwellings for single occupancy. Work in conservation areas including new build and refurbishment. Projects associated with Listed Buildings. Projects associated with buildings located in areas of special interest. Building styles from traditional to contemporary.
Computerised EDM measured surveys including levels, physical features, grids. Preparation of measured building surveys including floor plans, elevations, sections and relative structural details.
Preparation of existing and proposed perspectives for individual buildings through to composite sites.
We are capable of producing a 3D model of a building, animating the building, and translating this computer data into computer numerate control to produce a prototype scaled model.
RIBA Plan of Work:
Howard and Seddon work through all work stages of the RIBA Plan of Work as is required by the Client. See document for details.
International services are available in conjuction with our associated Hong Kong office:
Keren R. Seddon,
Chief Executive Officer,
TOWNLAND CONSULTANTS LTD.
Universal Trade Centre,
3-5A Arbuthnot Road,
Tel : (852) 2521 2911
Fax : (852) 2521 6631


High-performance studio microphones built in the UK
We work closely with the industry-leading Canadian timber engineers and construction specialists StructureCraft.
One of our favourite collaborations was on Delugan Meissl Associated Architects’ incredible 100,000sqft Taiyuan Botanical Garden Domes. Three timber gridshell dome structures, each creating different climates and environments.
Two of the three domes accommodate the pavilions for tropical and desert plants, while the third dome is designed to house an aquatic environment sitting directly on a lake.
The largest dome has a clear span of over 300ft, making it one of the largest timber gridshells worldwide.
A project of this scale, with thousands of unique elements - each of complex geometry, benefits enormously from utilising cutting-edge digital technology.
Using bespoke software we were able to generate the timber geometry required and, equally importantly, corresponding structured data that could be evaluated by the whole design team.
This project is a great example of how computational design can be carried out remotely for international clients, regardless of scale.
You can read more about StructureCraft and their projects here.
Architect: Delugan Meissl Associated Architects
Timber Engineers & Construction: StructureCraft
Location: Taiyuan, China


An estimated 500 000 people in and around the heart of the capital were left without water as the City of Tshwane scrambled to fix a pipeline that burst recently. The Salvokop pipeline burst affected water supply to several areas, where people had to rely on tankers and municipal trucks.
This comes after the Minister of Water and Sanitation, Lindiwe Sisulu, released the Water and Sanitation Master Plan to tackle this issue in order to preserve water. The Master Plan states that over 3 million people still do not have access to basic water supply service and only 64% of households have access to a reliable water supply. Moreover, 41% of municipal water does not generate revenue and 35% is lost through leakage. The various emergency plans put in place are great and will definitely help with conserving water in the long run but in order to deal with the crisis, citizens have to also do their part. As such, these plans should also empower ordinary citizens to be more aware of their water consumption in order to help manage this shared resource.
The big question then is, how do we empower our everyday citizens so that they can help solve the major water crisis South Africa is facing?
Lesira-Teq, a proudly South African company based in Pretoria, addresses this issue by giving consumers the power to have visibility and control over their water consumption.
Lesira-Teq is a smart metering company that designs, manufactures and supplies water metering systems that connect wirelessly to the Internet. The ability for objects to connect to the Internet is known as the Internet of Things (IoT). These smart meters transmit their consumption information, which a user can then be able to access through a mobile app on their smartphone. “It is both a monitoring and management device, placing the power of consumption in the hands of the end-user,” says Edwin Sibiya, Lesira-Teq’s Chief Executive Officer. “They can track their water consumption daily or monthly on the Lesira Customer Smartphone Application, and make better decisions about how water is used in their household.”
The value of a smart meter goes beyond just the consumer, municipalities can also benefit from smart meters. The National Water and Sanitation Master Plan state that to achieve water security, an estimated capital funding gap of around R33 billion per annum for the next 10 years must be closed, through a combination of improved revenue collection and a significant reduction in operating costs. It further reveals that 35% of municipal water revenue is lost through leakages.
Smart meters can solve these problems for Municipalities by sending automatic notifications to their field teams as the leak is detected. These smart meters also enable municipalities a host of new features to better manage water, just by having near real-time meter readings.
Excited about the possibilities of the future, Lesira-Teq continues to innovate and break boundaries by continuous innovation through research and technology. The company has introduced a new tier of products aimed at solving multiple problems for both consumers and municipalities.