How to Make the Right Cost Estimate for Your Construction Project
Whether you are a property owner, investor, or contractor, having a clear and accurate cost estimate for your construction project and the duration it will take is significant before commencing operations.
This article will give you an in-depth review of the basics of cost estimates in a construction project, including factors that can cause the costs to inflate unexpectedly and how cost estimates fit into the construction process.
We will also delve into the types of construction contracts, construction estimating software, best practices, the role of historical data, and pitfalls for estimators.
Let’s go ahead and jump right in and provide detailed information to help your cost estimate for your construction projects.
The Background and Purpose of Construction Cost Estimation
Construction cost estimation is the action of estimating the cost of erecting a physical structure. Usually, property owners and builders worry about failing to complete a project on time and the financial implication of cost overruns.
That is why they allocate time and energy to estimate the cost of a project and the duration it will take before commencing with it. It is advisable always to consult multiple cost estimates if you are planning to undertake a large project. You might want to consider cost estimates prepared by the contractors and those compiled by independent estimators.
Most property owners use cost estimates to calculate a project’s feasibility, scope, and the amount of money required. On the other hand, contractors use cost estimates to decide whether to bid on a project or withhold. Most cost estimates are usually prepared with engineers’ and architects’ input to ensure the project meets scope requirements and financial feasibility.
One characteristic of a reasonable cost estimator is its ability to assist the property owner from overpaying and preventing losing money by the builder. The cost estimator is a principal component of earned value management. This project management methodology monitors a project’s performance against the total cost and time estimate.
Generating a construction cost estimate is ideal for anyone looking to plan and budget their project beforehand. Cost estimates are a perfect practice for all construction projects, such as remodeling an office and constructing a new building.
Accurate cost estimates are particularly essential for construction projects with a timeline and a budget closely linked to generating revenue and paying back lenders in the shortest time possible.
They are also critical for large and mega civil projects due to public money’s potential participation and sizable nature. On mega-projects, minor miscalculations become magnified and might lead to corruption allegations primarily if the project is being constructed with public funds.
Cost estimates are particularly necessary for government projects as they tend to promote accountability, transparency, and trust in a contractor’s ability to manage a project prudently.
Failing to generate a definitive cost estimate can have devastating results. One prominent example is Indiana’s Marble Hill nuclear power plant. The people behind the project abandoned it in 1984, a few years after it began. The project contractors spent over 2 billion USD and completed it only partially due to cost overruns.
We are conscious that it is impossible to predict any project’s cost with absolute accuracy, as projects tend to have unforeseen situations. However, a skilled cost estimator will consider as many factors as possible, including market trends, to develop a useful report.
How accurate a cost estimate becomes is dependent on a few things: the experience and skill of the one estimating, the quality of the project plan, cost information accuracy, and the merit of the procedures and tools the estimator uses.
A cost estimator can be prepared by either an individual or a team, depending on the project’s size, type, and industry. For some development projects, contractors and subcontractors come together to prepare a cost estimate, although it is not considered best practice.
In some other instances, the role of preparing a cost estimate is delegated to the construction salesperson. At present, most architectural firms have an in-house cost estimator, a department that prepares the assessment in addition to their primary function.
The development market is increasingly witnessing the emergence of independent estimators who handle tabulation and verification of contractors’ estimates. For builders and contractors, an accurate cost estimate report wins projects and jobs. Clients usually tend to opt for lower-priced bids that meet the threshold and specifications of the project.
The development market is a competitive market that needs time and effort in preparing a reliable cost estimate that positions you to win a project. If urgency is a determinant for a development project, you might want to schedule your estimate and bid quickly to secure the contract.
The Construction Cost Estimation Process
It is essential to understand that cost estimation requires basic knowledge of the construction process. For you to compile a practical cost estimation report, you need to have a basic grasp of the following 9 phases of a building project:
Project Commissioning: This phase is fundamentally a verification process where the builder’s designs, costs, and deliverables are measured according to the owner’s specifications. It usually commences early in the construction process and can run-up to a project’s occupancy stage. It is the work of the commissioning provider to commission the project.
Outlining the Project’s Requirements: Also regarded as the planning phase, this stage is the first real phase in constructing a project. It involves defining the project’s requirements, such as the cost specifications, the project’s functions, location of the project, and any legal specifications it has to meet.
Setting Up a Design Team: After the project owner has settled on a contractor, the contractor will then go ahead and set up a designing team that incorporates specialized consultants and other relevant persons. Complex projects such as acoustics tend to demand more specialized consultants to ensure the project meets the specific design requirements. In most projects, the architect is responsible for overseeing the design process’s realization, although some tasks, such as industrial construction, are best managed by an engineer.
Designing the Structure: This phase entails the contractor creating a series of designs. The contractor first works with the owner to better understand their vision and then increasingly works closely with the design team members to realize the structural designs according to the requirements. This phase is considered the last stage of construction documentation and theory. At this stage, cost estimators compile and revise cost estimates as other team members bring forth estimates of their respective departments.
Project Bidding: Once all the cost estimates are concluded, they are forwarded to the contractor who places a bid on the project. During this phase, the contractor complies with the set bidding instructions such as the contractual agreement, proof of financial and technical capability. Usually, all contractors receive the same bidding information to ensure a fair bidding process. Most project owners settle for the lowest qualified bidder.
Signing the Contract: After the bidding process, the contractor signs the contract document after being selected. The contract document acts as a legally binding document between the owner and the contractor. Different contact documents follow different models depending on the task at hand.
Construction: During this phase, the contractor manages the construction of the project following the construction requirements. Most contractors hire specialized subcontractors to work on different sets of tasks, such as foundation work, wiring, and plumbing. Throughout the construction process, the contractor keeps a keen eye on the project’s progress while ensuring everything does not overrun the original costs. Their cost control efforts usually ensure they turn their efforts into a profit.
Completion: The architect or the engineer performs a final inspection of the project before handing it over to the owner. A certificate of completion should be issued for the owner to be able to claim full payment.
Factors that Influence a Construction Cost Estimate
What are some of the information that estimators use when preparing a cost estimate? Here are the key terms and concepts that influence the final cost estimate for your construction project:
Man Hour: Also known as labor hour, the working hour determines how much an individual will be paid for work per hour.
Quantity Take-Off: This concept estimates the materials and labor required to complete a project. Contractors compile it during the pre-construction phase.
Labor Rate: This is the hourly pay of a skilled craftsman. It includes the introductory hourly rate and benefits, payroll burdens, insurance, and added costs of overtime.
Equipment Costs: This is the direct cost of buying or renting heavy machinery such as cranes and cement mixers. It is prudent to note that the type of machines you use in a project determines how quickly you will finish the project. Therefore, invest in reliable machines as they directly impact the cost and time of the entire project.
Prices of Materials: Since the cost of materials is susceptible to fluctuations based on market trends and seasonal changes, cost estimators might want to study historical cost data when compiling the expected material prices.
Subcontractor Costs: It is usual for contractors to hire multiple specialized subcontractors to work in different departments. Each subcontractor works with a budget that needs to be considered in the contractor’s final estimate.
Indirect Costs: These are expenses that are not directly associated with the building process, such as transport costs, design fees, legal fees, administrative costs, permit fees, and any other cost.
Contingencies: Since every project is liable to be affected by unforeseeable elements, the final estimates should allocate a predetermined amount to take care of such situations.
Profits: To make a profit, it is advisable to add a reasonable margin on the prices and cost of delivering the task.
Economic Factors: Since we live in a volatile society, natural inflation of costs usually happens. It is prudent to take this into account, especially when dealing with long-running projects.
Common Cost Estimation Techniques
Different construction cost estimation techniques vary in potential accuracy and speed. Some of the primary methods used by cost estimators include:
Allocation of Joint Costs: This is where the contractor allocates money to different subcontractors using different mathematical formulas. For instance, the contractor can assign field supervision to separate entities based on their participation.
Production Function: This relates to the output, the amount built, to input factors such as labor and material. What this means is the relationship between the input factors and the final product. For instance, if you are looking to achieve a certain number of square feet built, you need to know the labor hours per square foot to make a proper estimate.
Stick Estimating: Although it is considered one of the best methods of compiling a cost estimate, it is incredibly time-consuming. It entails determining the total cost of a project by listing.
Empirical Cost Inference: The empirical cost inference is a statistical technique that uses regression analysis to connect construction cost to a model of forecasts. The accuracy of the empirical cost inference method depends on the forecast model’s accuracy, so it requires the input of an experienced individual.
Unit Cost Estimating: This technique connects unit costs with each construction unit involved in the building process. It is reasonably fast and accurate, especially if the contractor is familiar with the scope of work.
Final Construction Project Cost Estimate Thoughts
At present, there are software applications that make the cost estimating process easy. However, incorporating some best practices can allow you to get a more accurate estimate and a more bankable bid.
For instance, the cost estimate should abide by industry norms, standards, and measurement units’ regulations. The cost estimator should consistently satisfy cost-related contracts, such as quantity surveys, and comply with cost-recording procedures to ensure their work is easy to hand off and verifiable.
The success of a construction cost estimate solely depends on the cost estimator. Therefore, they should be armed to the tooth with evaluation skills, cost-related processes and inputs, documentations, among other skills.
You can make the process of cost estimating faster and easier by adopting estimation applications. These applications tend to be more accurate than human beings as long as you regularly update their cost data. For anyone venturing into cost estimation, especially for complex projects and long-running construction, estimation software has emerged as a vital component that is a must-have.
If you found this article on cost estimate for your construction project helpful, please share the article so more consumers can benefit from the information.


Possessing a total height of 290m and 6-star quality standard, the 72-floor hotel, commercial centre and leasing office complex invested by FLC Group is expected to become an iconic project of Hai Phong. Moreover, this project will be one of the three highest skyscrapers in Vietnam to date.
At the meeting with FLC Group that took place in the afternoon of October 23rd, Mr. Le Van Thanh – Member of Party Central Committee, Secretary of Municipal Party Committee and President of Hai Phong People’s Council accompanied with Hai Phong Standing Municipal Party Committee had discussed and given ideas about the investment plan as well as architectural concept of the hotel, commercial centre and leasing office complex project of which FLC Group is the investor. The project is located on 4 Tran Phu street, May To ward, Ngo Quyen district, Hai Phong province.
The project, situated in the city centre, possesses the North-West side being the pavement of Le Thanh Tong street, the North-East side being adjacent to the relocation land and the South-West being the pavement of Tran Phu street. This location is in close proximity to a number of major public projects such as Nguyen Du Park, Hai Phong Train Station, Great Theatre and Cat Bi International Airport which is about 15-minute drive.
Design concept of the project (expected perspective)
The total area of the indicated land is 13.486 m2, and the total number of floors is expected to be 72 with therein 2 basements and 70 storeys, making the total height of 290m. The project contains a commercial centre, hotel, service apartments and offices. The design concept of the project has been inspired by familiar vernacular features of the port city of Hai Phong. In details, the tower looks like a giant construction rising up from the sea with the top of the tower being a stylized image of a crest whereas the façade symbolizing a sail.
The total amount of investment is anticipated to be over VND-3.472 billion (over USD-150 million). The construction of the project will be commenced at the end of the first trimester of 2020 and will last for 60 months until its completion in 2024. Being accommodated with a modern design and numerous high-end facilities in respect to 6-star standard, it is expected that the tower after completion will become the iconic project of Hai Phong, as well as one of the highest skyscrapers in Vietnam.
Mr Le Thanh Vinh – Standing Vice Chairman of FLC Group presenting the architectural concept of the project at the meeting
In the meeting, Mr Le Van Thanh – Member of Party Central Committee, Secretary of Municipal Party Committee and President of Hai Phong People’s Council had shown high appreciation to the municipal leaders and departments for being determined in implementing investment procedures as well as land clearance for the project. Besides, he also made a compliment to FLC Group for enthusiastic preparation and drastic execution of the project. As an emphasis upon the importance of the project towards the plan for creating an imposing project of the city, Mr. Le Van Thanh expected that after completion, the project is going to be an icon and an outstanding feature of Hai Phong in the future. This is also considered as a significant step in implementing Resolution No 45 of the Politburo.
Meeting between Hai Phong province’s leaders and FLC Group
Based on the agreement on the project development plan and architectural concept that FLC Group presented, the Hai Phong Municipal Party Committee Secretary proposed FLC Group to soon carry out the next steps. Parallelly, he committed himself to prioritizing the focus on managing and commanding related departments, as well as collaborating and supporting FLC Group. This is to enable the land leasing and other legal procedures to be rapidly completed in the purpose of ensuring on-time commencement of construction work.
The erection of this high-end hotel, commercial centre and leasing office complex together with other significant projects that FLC Group has been conducting investment research is expected to create a breakthrough development and improve competitive position of the port city in terms of economics and tourism.
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Search Hosur Business Directory
|Product Sub-Category: WATER BODIES|
Name: Kelavarapalli Reservoir - Dam
|Email ID||:: noemail at hosuronline.com|
|Phone Numbers||:: 3|
|Mobile Numbers||:: 4|
Avalapalli Village (Via)
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Full Reservoir Level 831.50 M C. Ft
Total height of the Dam 13.50 Mts
Capacity 480 M C. Ft.
Ayacut 8000 Acres
The Dam is constructed across Ponniar river. Ponniar river originates from the eastern slopes of Chennakesava Hills, north west of Nandi Drug and flows towards south east for a distance of 88.8 Kms to reach the dam site.
After flowing through the dam, it flows through the districts of Krishnagiri, Dharmapuri, Vellore and Cuddalore (331.2 Kms) and empties into the sea near Cuddalore Town.
The dam is having cannels both at the left and right sides. Left cannel runs up to Soolagiri Village (25.5 Kms) parallel to NH 7. Right cannel runs up to Thorapalli Village (Birth Place of Statesman Rajaji) i.e. 22 Kms.
How to reach?
From Hosur take Bagalur Road. Near by Maharishi Primary School, a road diverts towards Kelavarapalli. The dam is 10 KMs away from Hosur.
The dam has a park with children play equipments. Migratory birds like Spoonbills, Pelicons etc., from foreign countries visit the dam and breads at Chennathur village adjacent to the dam site.
The dam is the right place for Hosur residence to spend their week ends and holidays.
Kelavarapalli Dam - Storage area - Long View
Kelavarapalli Dam - Storage Area - Close-up view
Kelavarapalli Dam - Discharge area
Kelavarapalli Reservoir - Bridge over shutters
Board detailing the capacity and purpose of Kelavarapalli reservoir
Left side irrigation cannel at Kelavarapalli Reservoir - One more is at right side
Kelavarapalli Dam - Water treatment plant - Water source for SIPCOT area
Hosur Weather Report
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Issojet Burners Pvt Ltd
Places of worship in Hosur


ATLANTA—Porsche Cars North America Inc. (PCNA) has signed a contract with Cherry Street Energy LLC, the largest non-utility provider of solar energy in Georgia, to build and operate a solar power microgrid at the company’s headquarters and customer experience center here.
Energy from solar panels will provide a significant portion of the facility’s annual electricity needs. It will also mean the all-electric Taycan sports cars that are part of the visitor fleet can be charged from purely renewable power. The Experience Center, one of two in the U.S. and 10 in the world, is a track-based attraction where the public can drive the latest Porsche models with a personal coach.
The solar power project will contribute to PCNA’s sustainability goals as the campus adds major new facilities. The headquarters campus is currently undergoing a $50 million development that includes building a second driver development track for the public, due to be operational in early 2023.
New features of the development also include a Porsche Classic Factory Restoration facility, a parking deck and the already-opened Porsche Service Center South Atlanta. These developments are on 33 acres adjacent to the existing 27-acre headquarters and Porsche Experience Center, which first opened in 2015.
“Powering our North American home and our Taycan fleet through harnessing Georgia sunshine makes perfect sense, and is a great demonstration of our commitment to sustainability,” says Kjell Gruner, president and CEO of PCNA.
Cherry Street Energy estimates the array of solar panels on the headquarters campus will generate 2,050 megawatt hours (MWh) of electricity annually—enough to power 191 average homes for a year. Compared to using fossil fuel sources, this renewable electricity represents an estimated CO₂ reduction of 3.2 million pounds per year, equivalent to avoiding 3.6 million miles of driving by an average passenger vehicle.Installation of the solar microgrid will start in September and is expected to be completed in 2023. Panels will be mounted on new and existing buildings, the roofs of staging areas by the two tracks where customers start their drives, and on a new 950-foot covered walkway from the parking garage to the headquarters building. Cherry Street Energy will own, operate and maintain the microgrid, selling the power to PCNA.


“The optimistic rising sun in Morning in China references the economic ascent of the Asian giant, even as its smoggy landscape hints at the potential environmental disaster such rapid expanse can bring. ” ~ press release, solo show, Winkleman Gallery, NY 2008
China Three Gorges Project: Paintings (2008-09)
These paintings are based on public relations images depicting the dam before and during construction found on the now-defunct ‘China Yangtse Three Gorges Development Corporation’ website [ http://www.ctgpc.com ]. The dam is the largest and most ambitious hydropower-complex project in the world. It took over three decades to build and has evolved into one of China’s most challenging environmental disasters. The drawings evoke traditional Chinese landscapes while re-purposing the documentation of the construction: landscape painting at the crossroads of nationalist propaganda and eco-rhetoric.


The Professional Engineering Outreach (PEO) Office at the University of Delaware is recognized as an excellent resource for working engineers and technical professionals in all career stages. Our staff is committed to providing opportunities for lifelong learning and training through various educational programs, including graduate courses and degrees, short courses and professional development programs. Many of our programs are scheduled at “professionally convenient” times on campus and/or in various distance formats. When appropriate, arrangements are also made to deliver courses on company worksites.
Our educational programs cover five different engineering disciplines: biomedical, chemical & biomolecular, civil & environmental, electrical & computer, materials science and mechanical engineering, as well as cybersecurity, railroad engineering and bioinformatics. These programs provide the engineering community with the opportunity to continue their education and training at one of the best engineering graduate schools in the nation.
A high priority of the PEO Office is providing the necessary advisement for working engineers and technical professionals to successfully reach their educational goals in the most effective and efficient way. Contact our Professional Engineering Outreach office by calling 302-831-8302 or emailing firstname.lastname@example.org today.


Born in Valencia, Civil Engineer from UPV an MSc Degree in Environmental Water Management from Cranfield University (UK).
Currently, he develops his activity as a Phd student in the Water and Environmental Engineering PhD program at the UPV. He is currently hired as a researcher through the Generalitat Valenciana pre-PhD grant program, co-funded by European Social Funds. His research area covers different fields related to the hydraulics and the fluid mechanics. The objective of his research is mainly the hydraulic structures design using both, experimental methods and CFD techniques.
The laboratory work is supported by professors (PDI) from both, the Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA) and the Hydraulic Engineering and Environment Department(DIHMA). Their own research areas widen the laboratory ones and they are in charge of teaching courses directly related to hydraulic engineering.
Juan Bautista Marco Segura
Juan B. Marco Segura holds a PhD in Civil Engineering and a MSc in Hydrology and Hydraulic Resources from Colorado State University. Full Professor in Hydraulic Engineering, he has been Director of Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Research Deputy, Head of Studies and, currently, he is in charge of International Relations at UPV's Civil Engineering faculty. As a researcher, he is head of the Hydraulic and Hydrology group at IIAMA.
As a professor at UPV's Civil Engineering School, he gives lectures on Hydraulics and Hydrology, Fluid Mechanics, Urban Drainage and Sewerage and Stochastic Hydrology. He was visiting Professor at Texas A&M University, Stanford University and Colorado State University, and has given specific lectures in several European and North American universities. His research focuses in several issues regarding Hydraulics, Urban Hydraulics, Hydrology, Water Resources Planning and Management and Irrigation Systems. His work in the field of floods is especially remarkable, from Risk Assessment to the design of channelization, protection works and spillways.
Professor Marco has supervised seventeen doctoral dissertations in his fields of study. Also, he is author of five books, twelve book chapters, and circa fifteen papers in national and international research journals, as well as numerous contributions to congresses. He has been director of the Scientific Committee at two national and one international Congress. He is reviewer of Water Science and Technology Journal, and Journal of Flood Risk Management.
Rafael Garc?a Bartual
Professor Rafael Garc?a Bartual holds a PhD in Civil from Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV), and is full professor in the field of Hydraulic Engineering. He is also the Program Coordinator of the PhD in Water and Environmental Engineering at UPV. Among his research lines, the following should be highlighted: Statistics of Extremes in Hydrology, Stochastic Hydrology, Rainfall-runoff models, Urban Hydraulics, Artificial Neural Networks in Hydraulic Engineering, Operational Hydrology, Reservoir management and discharge predictions, and Computational Fluid Dynamics applied to hydraulic structures. Those lines have been developed throughout the years within the framework of different projects with engineering consulting firms, government administrations and national and international research programs.
Professor Bartual was visiting Professor in Kaiserslautern (Germany) and Cranfield (United Kingdom), and has been guest speaker in several European universities.
He was in charge of International Relations at UPV's Civil Engineering faculty. He has supervised eight doctoral dissertations and sixty eight Master and Bachelor thesis. He has participated in 24 research projects (13 as Principal Investigator). Also, he is author of thrity two research publications (including papers and book chapters), and fifty contributions to congresses.
Petra Amparo L?pez Jim?nez
Professor Amparo L?pez is Bachelor in Combined Engineering from Coventry Polytechnic University (United Kingdom) since 1992, Industrial Engineer from UPV?s Industrial Engineering School since 1994, and holds a PhD in Industrial Engineering from Polytechnic University of Valencia since 2001.
Ever since Professor L?pez started her professional activity, she belongs to the Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Department, where she has been deputy director since 2008. Her research within this Department is developed in the field of hydraulic engineering, modelling of fluid mechanics processes and pollutant dispersion. Author of forty eight publications, twenty seven of them SCI, as well as numerous contributions to congresses and book chapters. She has supervised three doctoral theses, all of them Graduated With Honors.
Since 1996, Professor L?pez gives lectures in hydraulic engineering related courses, both in Bachelor and Master?s degrees. Currently, she is accredited to a Full Professor Position at UPV.
Pascual Abad Moreno
Pascual Abad Moreno graduated Civil Engineer from Polytechnic University of Valencia in 1989, and is currently Associate Professor in the field of Hydraulic Engineering at this university.
His university teaching is conducted at the School of Civil Engineering at UPV, in the courses of Hydraulics and River Engineering, and has collaborated in several projects with the Hydraulics Laboratory, from its very beginning. At the same time, he teaches Project Management in the Master's Degree in Planning and Management in Civil Engineering at UPV. Furthermore, he has supervised more than forty Bachelor final dissertations.
He has been Technical Director at IVA-LEYING, S.A., Technical Director at EGEVASA, and Construction Manager at Aguas de Valencia Group. Currently, he is Partner and Managing Director at INTERCONTROL LEVANTE, S.A.
As for his professional activity, he has been developing his career for more than twenty five years in two main fields: consulting and quality control of civil engineering works, and construction and operation of hydraulic works. In particular, he has work on drafting and management of all kind of projects related with hydraulics (dams, river channelization, Wastewater Treatment Plants, Drinking Water Supply ?), for the regional and national public administration.
Amparo Moreno Dur?
Amparo Moreno Dur? graduated Civil Engineering from Polytechnic University of Valencia. She is Associate Professor at the School of Civil Engineering at UPV, within the Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Department. As a researcher, she is part of the Hydraulic and Hydrology group at the Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA).
Besides her academic activity, she develops her professional career at the company Intercontrol Levante, S.A., in the area of Hydraulic Resources. Her working lines deal with hydraulic engineering and hydrology, and she has conducted national and international projects and studies.
Professor Moreno has also collaborated in many research projects, both with private companies and government administrations, related with physical and mathematical hydraulic modelling. Regarding her research profile, she is author of technical papers in the field of 2D hydraulic modelling.
Manuel G. Membrillera
Manuel G. Membrillera is 40 years old and currently Professor on Hydraulic and Hydrology Engineering at UPV (Valencia Polytechnic University). In addition, he?s also Chief Technology Officer of the company OFITECO.
He holds a PhD degree in Civil Engineering, is a registered Project Management Professional (PMP)?, and has professional experience mostly dedicated to dam safety and risk analysis, hydropower, dam monitoring, flood management, and hydraulic works. He's worked as a consultant in numerous projects related with 180 Spanish dams and 14 dams abroad (in Venezuela, Algeria, Peru, Costa Rica, Colombia, Panama, Guatemala, Austria, Italy, and Poland); he has participated or participates in the construction of five large dams.
He has worked on six research projects for the Spanish Government and the European Union, is the author of 2 full-length books, and co-author of 2 chapters in other books, 7 research journal articles and 45 conference papers or articles. On the other hand, he?s been a speaker or panelist at 20 national and international conferences or symposiums whereas, from an academic point of view, he?s organized or participated as a teacher in 22 courses or conferences in universities or professional associations.
In addition, he?s member of the Spanish Association of Civil Engineers, a Fellow Member of the Spanish Committee on Large Dams, and also chairman of the AUSIGETI Committee on Hydraulic Works (AUSIGETI is the Spanish National Association of Monitoring and Systems for the Technical Management of Infrastructures).
Ignacio Andr?s Dom?nech
Eduardo Albentosa Hern?ndez
Miguel ?ngel Eguibar Gal?n


During house improvements a concrete grinder can eliminate adhesive from carpeted or tiled floors, it can level irregular pieces, create a new aggregate look, prepare a floor for the application of sealers or paint, clean up spilt concrete, plaster or various other materials on floors, polish concrete and also get rid of old paints.
Prior to selecting which concrete mill will certainly fit your demands the most properly you will need to recognize how diamonds work to cut the concrete since if you choose the wrong type it will certainly not produce the outcomes you would expect. Many people have actually started with a concrete grinder working really productively just to find after a hr that they have actually slowed down to a snail’s pace. All modern concrete mills use rubies currently as the abrasive, but there are a couple of things to consider.
The ruby sectors used on grinding plates of concrete grinders are steel blocks including embedded rubies which are just exposed as the concrete sands wear off the steel. If the rubies are not revealed they will not reduce the concrete and also this is what occurs when the sector steel is too difficult for the particular firmness of the concrete. For hard concrete the diamond segment metal requires to be softer so that the small amount of sand the comes from hard concrete will certainly wear off the metal adequately to keep subjecting the rubies, while for soft concrete the steel needs to be tougher to stop the huge quantity of sands produced from deteriorating the steel as well promptly. Ruby grinding wheels normally are available in three metal kinds – soft, medium and also hard.
If you use a medium metal solidity segmented diamond wheel on extremely hard concrete the rubies will ultimately blunt as well as damage as they do continuously, but the steel surrounding them will certainly not be worn away quick enough causing the steel segments to come to be polished. When this occurs the grinding wheel will certainly obtain extremely hot and also will certainly not grind away the concrete in any way.
The very first suggestion is to select the right ruby segment hardness to fit the solidity of your concrete floorings to make sure that your concrete grinder will function proficiently. When eliminating adhesive or paint from concrete floorings the diamonds cut through the material and into the floor underneath so it is necessary that the ruby segments match the flooring solidity. Function the concrete mill in circles ideally or back and forth taking bites right into the glue or paint with each motion. This is the best way to remove it since if you push the concrete grinder into the center of the paint or glue it will only smear the material as it warms up and you will stress the mill electric motor unnecessarily as it battles in the sticky contaminant.
One more consideration is the quality or size of the diamonds made use of which are shared as grit dimensions. Make use of a coarse 20-40 grit for paint as well as adhesive removal along with for heavy concrete removal, make use of a 40-80 grit for a better surface on the flooring where the scrapes are not seen quickly as well as make use of a 80-120 grit for a very great coating. For a refined floor or benchtop the grit size should be 3000-5000.
To level slabs where one has moved, begin with personalisiertes diamond painting the highest point as well as grind it away until it reaches the lowest point of the other slab grinding back away from the high point to squash the floor. Utilize a metal straight edge approximately the height of a person to examine the degrees aesthetically and use the concrete mill to grind down all the high areas till the flooring is to the level that you require. A concrete mill can be made use of to develop brand-new levels for drainage, however this is normally slow and also hard work as the mill has to cut away the difficult rock accumulated used in the concrete mix that is below the surface of concrete.
A concrete mill can be the fastest way to tidy up a flooring after various other work has been completed. It will swiftly remove spilt mortar, plaster, paint splashes as well as various other materials that have been walked onto the flooring as well as prepare it for whatever covering will certainly be used later on. The benefits of preparing a flooring by doing this consist of leveling the little high areas to minimize the amount of mortar utilized when tiling or to offer a flatter flooring when laying vinyl, as well as to open the surface area so that sealers and also adhesives will stick strongly and completely.
To accomplished sleek concrete an unique type of concrete mill is typically needed that has a worldly activity head where three or four heads touch the flooring as well as rotate in one direction and also the turntable which contains the heads turns in the opposite instructions. It is much easier to attain a flat floor with this tools, or conversely one of the eight headed makers that has four heads revolving clockwise and four turning anticlockwise.
The procedure is to grind with grits that double in number for every succeeding pass. Beginning at 30 grit, after that 60 grit, then 120 grit until you have reached 3,000 grit. After 120 grit you alter from steel bond diamonds to resin bond rubies and after the first pass at 30 grit you need to spray the flooring with some glue before overlooking with 60 grit to fill the min airholes that will certainly appear in the flooring. In between 60 and also 120 grit you will also require to harden and also compress the flooring utilizing a chemical hardener which will make it less complicated to attain a high gloss as well as to maintain it.


The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has banned two of its prime contractors after they were found to be deficient in the quality of construction in existing and ongoing projects. It on Thursday declared Gayatri Projects a “non-performer” after it found flaws in the ongoing construction of a four-lane stretch from Sultanpur to Varanasi in UP. On Wednesday, it barred Lion Engineering Consultants in association with Synergy Engineering Group for six months as they failed to deliver services for the project as well as execute provisions made in the contract agreement for the four-lane Barhi-Hazaribagh section. I failed to perform my duties. in Jharkhand. In both the cases, NHAI’s reply to the show cause notice which was given earlier, found unsatisfactory. NHAI officials said this sends a strong message to all the contractors engaged in all its projects across India. “NHAI relies on consultants to maintain quality and supervision of projects. The NHAI spokesperson said that the consultants are expected to perform with high standards and ethics. .


SAN DIEGO — Devastating residential blazes and wildfires take a terrible toll in terms of deaths and injuries, as well as property loss.
Researchers from Texas A&M University have reported the development of a new environmentally friendly coating that makes wooden construction materials fire-resistant. The environmentally friendly flame retardant could also be used for other flammable materials, such as textiles, polyurethane foam and 3D-printed parts.
The research was presented at the Spring meeting of the American Chemical Society (ACS), March 22.
The fire-resistant coating could be used to protect construction materials such as wooden studs or strand board.
In lab tests, wood treated with the new coating released less heat and less smoke when burnt. A layer of char formed quickly on the timber’s surface, protecting the underlying structure. These features are likely to substantially reduce damage from fires and slow down their spread.
“This type of treatment, which could be deposited via dipping, spraying or pressure treatment, could make homes much safer,” says Thomas Kolibaba, a postdoctoral researcher leading the development of the coating.
“The coating could reduce flame spread and smoke production, which could limit damage and give people more time to evacuate.”


The o2 Group proudly announces the website launch of our newest client, Ecological Resource Consultants, Inc.—ERC, a full-service consulting and design/build firm that offers innovative solutions for stream restoration projects, ecological/environmental and water resource projects. As a scientifically-based consulting firm, ERC needed a well-ordered site that delivers a large quantity of information without overwhelming users.
The o2 Group designers and developers helped organize the information and built the site structure to accommodate it. They used the latest technology to format the site with responsive pages that are easy to navigate. Equally important, the solution gives ERC the tools to effortlessly maintain the content using WordPress custom fields and categories, which keeps things tidy on the backend.
Highlights of the site give users the opportunity to view projects using an interactive map, explore service offerings, read case studies, enjoy stunning videos, and gather information on government regulations and environmental standards. The end result is a website that will become an invaluable resource for users and a stellar instrument to highlight ERC’s services.


AFFORDABLE BALLISTIC AND BLAST PROTECTION
EASY TO MOVE
- Affordable physical ballistic and blast barrier system
- Easy to move and place with forklift
- Minimal pre-placement preparation
- Low maintenance and repair
- Proven standardized characteristics
- Stand-alone capabilities
BattleGuard™ is a passive ballistic and blast shield that protects critical assets from direct and indirect threats. It is engineered to defeat unauthorized access and to mitigate the impact of explosive events upon equipment, personnel, and structures. The system is designed to provide a physical barrier against attack as well as a secondary shrapnel capture capability when employed within an integrated formation. It represents the preeminent technologies in perimeter security.
Deployment of the BattleGuard™ system is circumstances driven. The physical security requirements of the site will dictate placement and utility. Structures can be easily moved by forklift to supplement existing barrier defenses. BattleGuard™ standardized sizes in height (4-8 feet) and width (4-8) provide proven/tested 80% mitigation solutions; tailored engineering is available upon request.
- Stand-alone structures or integrated formations
- Engineered construction for maximizing blast absorption/mitigation
- Unique shrapnel capture technologies
- Active or passive system with tailorable security enhancement options.
The BattleGuard™ system is currently at a TRL 7.


Principle Consultant (Mobility), Veitch Lister Consulting
With qualifications in Engineering and Psychology, Michael’s career has been in transport strategy, public policy development and project delivery. While in the Transport Department, Michael developed the Smart Travel Choices for SEQ Green Paper and represented Queensland in the 2006 COAG Urban Congestion Review.
Michael the spent 10 years until 2017 at RACQ where he led the Public Policy team and advocated for a safer, more affordable and sustainable transport system, including helping broker a much better ethanol mandate than in NSW.
As Principal Consultant (Mobility Policy) for Veitch Lister Consulting, Michael leads a team of policy developers, transport planners and traffic modellers focused on improving transport policies, including how best to cater for the expected rapid adoption of Electric Vehicles.


CALL 01763 811 073
PATCH / LINING
1st Call Drainage Solutions is committed to bringing smarter solutions to your drainage issues in Cambridgeshire, Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire, Essex, London and the rest of the UK. If you’re in need of drain repair, our pipe lining service may be a simple and efficient fix. Also known as cured in place pipe (CIPP), our No Dig Structural Patch Lining system is perfect for repairing damage caused by water infiltration and root intrusion, as well as cracks and fractures.
LOCALISED REPAIR SERVICE
Also known as cured in place pipe (CIPP), our ‘No Dig’ Structural Patch & Lining system is ideal for repairing damage caused by water infiltration, root intrusion, cracks and fractures. If there is a recurring blockage located within a drainage system, we would always recommend that a CCTV survey is carried out. Once a report has been compiled or if you already have a copy of a survey, we would then offer a free, no-obligation quotation for any remedial works required. The proposed works that may need to be carried out often require the implementation of a localised patch repair or full structural liner. We provide a 10-year guarantee with this service and the promise of a noticeable improvement to the stability of the particular drain run being attended to.
We provide a 10-year guarantee for the service and ensure that the process will enhance the structural condition of the repaired section. If you have a blockage issue or have concerns regarding the structural condition of your drainage, then give our office a call, our friendly, knowledgeable team can assist you.
GET A QUOTE
At 1st Call Drainage Solutions we pride ourselves on providing the highest level of customer service at competitive rates. For all your domestic and commerical drainage needs, get in touch with us today and we'll be happy to give you a no-obligation quotation.
GET IN TOUCH
1st Call Drainage Solutions Ltd
Company No : 11098636 | VAT No. GB 285 4156 83


August 2018 *Cutting of the Sod*
September 12th – Piling works are underway
September 21th – Piling works have been completed
September 28th – The sheet piling is underway
October 5th – The footings are being dug.
October 12th – The reinforced steel cages to footings are in.
October 22nd – Work on the footings continues
November 2nd – The concrete for the accommodation block has been poured at our site


Picote Oy Ltd - An innovator at Heart
Based in Finland, Picote Oy Ltd specializes in trenchless drain and sewer pipeline renovation. The company has established a firm position in the drain pipeline rehabilitation market by focusing on in-house research and development. Picote has produced innovative, high quality solutions in drain rehabilitation techniques and tools. This includes a growing range of patent-pending tools and solutions.
Years of experience in the construction industry gives the company a valuable advantage in unexpected situations that need to be quickly resolved during renovation projects. As Picote always invests in superior standards, the company is constantly developing its solution and operations through research and development, quality assurance, effective management and personnel training. Picote's customers can benefit from a unique solution which saves time, money and the environment.
Since March 2012, Picote has been manufacturing and selling its lining products for small diameter drains. The Smart Cutter™ was launched at IFAT-Entsorga 2012 in Germany in May. For product information, please visit: www.picotesolutions.com.
Picote Solution - Pipes for Life
Picote offers a comprehensive CIPP (Cured-in-place-pipe) solution for no-dig drain renewals, from roof drains to submerged lateral pipelines. Picote Solution is a complete pipe-within-a-pipe solution for all private drains; rainwater, vertical, horizontal and lateral drain pipelines from DN 50-250.
Picote develops its solution via innovation and new technology. Our equipment and tools enable trenchless renovation to be carried out with high precision. Picote's cutter system enables inversion lining of even the smallest 32 mm drains. This will allow the drains (32 - 250 mm) to be lined as a seamless entity with consistent quality, service life and structural strength.
Because of its high quality and long service life, a pre-fabricated liner will replace commonly used spraying or brushing based lining techniques. Picote has met this challenge head-on and will continue to pioneer the transition with the development of its cutting edge technology.
For more information, please contact:


Modern Versatility with Traditional Aesthetics
Our full-service deck builds begin with the design and blueprinting stage and move through permitting, material selection, and demolition and construction. Together, we’ll create a beautiful and durable deck that you can enjoy for many years to come.
At Golden Eagle Builders, we offer a variety of decking materials and systems that are suitable for our high desert climate.
Deck Repairs & Renovations
Decks inevitably age and deteriorate given enough time. Longevity is dependent on materials, design, frequency of use, weather conditions, and the quality of construction. Building decks the right way from the beginning is critical not only for a deck you’ll enjoy for many years, but to ensure a safe and stable foundation for your expanded outdoor living space. If you’re worried about the integrity of your aging deck, contact Golden Eagle Builders to discuss repairs and renovations.


Warning Signs Your Sewer Pipe May Be in Trouble
How do you know if you just need a sewer pipe cleanout or a repair? A few early warning signs of either include stinky smells coming from your drains. Other signs include slow-draining, gurgling pipes, along with backups in toilets or showers. If you spot any or all of these symptoms, call Hubb Plumbing right away.
Maybe It’s Just a Clog
Your main sewer pipe can become clogged and cause backups just like any other drain in the house. The telltale sign that it’s the main sewer pipe is when every flush creates a sewage backup in your home. The problem could just be a temporary clog – a sewer pipe cleanout can remedy the trouble.
Getting To The Root of the Problem
Tree roots are another common cause of home sewer backups. They can block and even break older pipes, causing damage to the sewer line. Even if your yard is mostly tree-free, roots from neighboring yards could be a problem. This is true for drain pipes as well (see the video).
Signs of More Serious Trouble
If you find yourself frequently needing to call a plumber to “snake out” the pipes in your home, it may be hinting at a larger, more serious issue. If your home is older, your sewer backup could simply be caused by cracked or collapsed lines. Although many newer homes have plastic sewer lines, older homes were built using cast iron and clay piping that can break at some point in time.
When in Doubt, Call Hubb
If you have sewer smells in the house or frequent plumbing backups, it’s time to call Hubb. We can offer a simple sewer pipe cleanout or complete sewer line replacements. Give us a call and let us check out the details. Serving homes and businesses in Snellville, Grayson and Lawrenceville GA.


Four new companies had taken advantage of this provision by the end of 2011. Typical stormwater and kerb layout.
Water companies are playing their part in the development of performance standards to help speed up the building of new homes in the uk.
Water environment services standard details. The grant available from the department of the environment, heritage and local government is 85% of total costs up to a maximum grant payment of €6,475.66 per domestic connection. They act as public arbiters of environmental health standards, maintaining close contact with the communities they serve. Montgomery county drinking water consistently meets or exceeds all state and federal drinking water safety and quality standards.
C.2 integrated pest management plan. The disposal of sewage, water or any other liquid or liquid/solids mixture by any sewer user into the sanitary sewer system. Water supply hygiene promotion standard 1 solid waste collection and disposal standard 1 drainage works standard 1 individual and family protection standard 1 access to, and numbers of,toilets standard 1 access and water quantity standard 2 physical, environmental and chemical protection measures standard 2 design, construction and use of toilets standard 2 water quality
🚧the coordination w/ 15+ private utilities, @kcmowater, @kissickco, @kcmo, @ridekctransit, #kcstreetcar and many other entities is unprecedented. Our water and wastewater infrastructure planning and engineering services include: Staff maintain the city’s drinking water supply, collect and treat the city’s wastewater, design and oversee construction of many city construction projects, and monitor stormwater drainage and water quality throughout the city of columbia.
This specification also details the testing requirements. Water guidelines and construction specifications. This section contains the most recent versions of technical guidelines and specifications, for use by the development industry.
All drawings listed on this page are current, you can. The members of the group scheme must pay a 15% contribution and monies collected from the members should be lodged to the group scheme bank account ready to meet costs as they fall due. All works and materials are to be in accordance with hccs model contract specification.
Isometric view and cross sections. Columbia water is the drinking water, wastewater, and stormwater utility owned and operated by the city of columbia, south carolina. The dedicated staff of clackamas water environment services educates and assists community members from all walks of life.
Detail of steel frame and precast. Diagnostic studies on existing facilities; The main st extension is a game changer for #kc, bringing essential water + sewer upgrades to midtown as well as free public transit.
Our environmental lab tests more than 12,000 water samples each year to ensure water quality and safety. The purpose of the water and sanitation department is to plan and implement operations and revenue management of water and sanitation services. Conceptual and detailed design (civil, structural, mechanical, electrical) feasibility studies;
To find water development approval. Standard details should only be referenced from the scheme construction drawings rather than being recreated within the scheme drawings themselves. Environmental services provides city of portland residents with clean river programs, including water quality protection, wastewater collection and treatment, and sewer installation.
Master planning development for cities; Environmental services manages portland's wastewater and stormwater infrastructure to. Its core function is to:
Provision for the water services regulation authority (ofwat) to appoint a limited company to provide water and/or sewerage services for a specific area in place of the former provider. Clackamas water environment services produces clean water and protects water quality for more than 190,000 people living and working in clackamas county. We’re committed to ensuring that our families and neighbors.
Throughout the year bulletins are often issued to address and update items contained within these guidelines and specifications. Provide quality safe potable water, provide sanitation services, and; Metropolitan council environmental services clean water and a clean environment are essential to a healthy life, and we are committed to both.


Haag Engineering Company
Barbara Larson, CPCU, PCLA
Haag is a multi-faceted forensic engineering and consulting company.
Haag Engineering performs forensic engineering throughout the world in the fields of civil, structural, architectural, electrical, and mechanical engineering.
Haag Research/Testing operates a state-of-the-art laboratory which specializes in material testing services, including desaturation, hail impact testing, pressure chamber and wind machine testing.
Haag Education presents our expert engineers’ scientifically-based approach to damage assessment in our publications and tools, and live and online seminars.
Haag Construction Consulting assists our clients with onsite damage assessments, litigation support, clerk of the works, and restoration consulting following a loss.
Haag 3-D Solutions provides 3D imaging and BIM technologies to deliver highly accurate, reliable as-built documentation for all types of design and construction projects.
Haag serves the legal industry, the insurance industry, corporations, manufacturers, private companies, and individuals. Our growth results directly from our long-standing commitment to quality while expanding our technical knowledge and services. Haag has built a reputation for excellence through the efforts of past and present personnel, and we are proud to continue that tradition today.


The Fascinating World of International Construction Contract Law PDF
As a legal professional or construction enthusiast, you must be aware of the complexity and importance of international construction contract law. Ability navigate ins outs laws make break construction project, topic worth exploring admiring.
Understanding International Construction Contract Law PDF
International construction contract law governs the legal relationship between parties in a construction project that spans across borders. This can involve a myriad of legal issues, including but not limited to jurisdiction, choice of law, dispute resolution, and contract terms. With the globalization of construction projects, understanding and adhering to these laws become essential for successful project completion.
Case Study: XYZ Construction Project
Let’s take XYZ construction project example. The project involved parties from different countries, each with their own set of laws and regulations. Without a well-drafted international construction contract, the project faced significant legal challenges and delays. However, with a carefully crafted contract that considered the nuances of international law, the project was able to proceed smoothly and efficiently.
The Importance of Accessing International Construction Contract Law PDF
Accessing international construction contract law PDF documents can provide invaluable information and guidance for legal professionals, construction companies, and project managers. These documents often contain detailed provisions and clauses that address the complexities of international projects, offering insights into best practices and potential pitfalls to avoid.
Benefits Using International Construction Contract Law PDF
|PDF documents provide clear and concise information on international construction contract law, making it easier to understand and apply to specific projects.
|PDF format allows for easy access and distribution of international construction contract law documents, ensuring that all relevant parties have access to critical legal information.
|By adhering to the provisions outlined in international construction contract law PDF documents, construction projects can ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations, reducing the risk of legal disputes.
In conclusion, international construction contract law is a complex and fascinating aspect of the construction industry. Accessing and understanding the provisions outlined in international construction contract law PDF documents can provide significant benefits and ultimately contribute to the success of construction projects on a global scale.
Navigating the Intricacies of International Construction Contract Law: Your Burning Questions Answered!
|1. What are the key differences between domestic and international construction contracts?
|International construction contracts involve a myriad of complexities that set them apart from their domestic counterparts. From potential jurisdictional issues to varying legal frameworks and regulatory requirements, the differences are vast and require a nuanced understanding.
|2. How do I ensure compliance with local laws and regulations in international construction projects?
|Compliance with local laws and regulations in international construction projects is a multifaceted endeavor. Navigating the legal landscape of different countries requires a thorough understanding of each jurisdiction`s unique legal framework and regulatory requirements. It`s an intricate dance that demands meticulous attention to detail and constant vigilance.
|3. What are the potential pitfalls in international construction contract negotiations?
|Negotiating international construction contracts is akin to traversing a legal minefield. From cultural nuances to language barriers, the potential pitfalls are aplenty. It requires a delicate balance of legal expertise, interpersonal skills, and cultural sensitivity to navigate these treacherous waters.
|4. How can I protect my interests in international construction contracts?
|Protecting your interests in international construction contracts calls for a strategic approach and a keen understanding of the legal mechanisms at play. From robust dispute resolution clauses to diligent risk management strategies, safeguarding your interests demands a proactive and vigilant stance.
|5. What are the implications of force majeure clauses in international construction contracts?
|The implications of force majeure clauses in international construction contracts are a labyrinth of legal intricacies. Navigating the complex terrain of unforeseeable events and their impact on contractual obligations demands a thorough grasp of legal principles and a keen eye for detail.
|6. How do I address disputes in international construction contracts?
|Addressing disputes in international construction contracts is a delicate orchestration of legal acumen and strategic negotiation. From arbitration proceedings to alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, the path to resolution is fraught with complexities that demand a seasoned legal mind and a deft touch.
|7. What role do international conventions play in construction contract law?
|International conventions wield a significant influence in shaping the landscape of construction contract law. From the UNIDROIT principles to the Vienna Convention, these legal frameworks play a pivotal role in harmonizing international standards and guiding the trajectory of international construction contracts.
|8. How do I navigate the intricacies of cross-border construction litigation?
|Navigating the intricacies of cross-border construction litigation is a Herculean task that demands a mastery of legal complexities and a keen understanding of international legal frameworks. From jurisdictional challenges to enforcement of judgments, the journey through cross-border litigation is rife with challenges that demand a seasoned legal navigator.
|9. What are the implications of Brexit on international construction contracts?
|The implications of Brexit on international construction contracts are a web of legal uncertainties and complexities. Navigating the shifting legal landscape demands a keen understanding of the evolving regulatory frameworks and a proactive approach to mitigating potential risks.
|10. How can I stay abreast of the latest developments in international construction contract law?
|Staying abreast of the latest developments in international construction contract law calls for a voracious appetite for legal knowledge and a keen eye for industry trends. From legal publications to industry forums, the pursuit of knowledge is a lifelong endeavor that demands an insatiable curiosity and a relentless pursuit of excellence.
International Construction Contract Law PDF
As per the laws and legal practices governing international construction contracts, the following document sets out the terms and conditions for the contractual agreement between the parties involved. It is imperative to adhere to the specified legal framework to ensure the smooth execution of the construction project within the international jurisdiction.
|Applicable Law: This contract shall be governed by the laws of the country where the construction project is located, as well as any international laws and treaties applicable to construction contracts.
|Jurisdiction: Any disputes arising out of or relating to this contract shall be resolved through arbitration in accordance with the rules of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).
|Scope of Work: The contractor shall be responsible for carrying out the construction work in accordance with the project specifications, drawings, and timelines agreed upon by both parties.
|Payment Terms: The payment schedule and terms shall be as per the agreed-upon milestones and deliverables, and any discrepancies shall be resolved through the dispute resolution mechanism specified herein.
|Force Majeure: In the event of unforeseen circumstances or force majeure events, such as natural disasters or political unrest, the parties shall mutually agree upon the course of action to mitigate the impact on the construction project.
|Indemnification: Both parties shall indemnify and hold harmless each other from any liabilities, claims, or damages arising out of the construction project, except for those caused by willful misconduct or negligence.
By signing this contract, the parties acknowledge and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions set forth herein, as per the applicable international construction contract law. Any amendments or modifications to this contract shall be made in writing and duly executed by both parties.


#1 farmington sand and gravel supplier
Willow Materials is a leading supplier of sand in CT. We offer a wide range of sand products for a variety of applications, including concrete, asphalt, and masonry. We also offer delivery. Whether you need a single truckload or multiple truckloads, we can deliver the sand you need, when you need it. Contact us today to learn more.
NEED A QUOTE?
GET ONE TODAY!
At Willow Materials, we’re proud to be the leading provider of sand in CT. Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles. It is defined by size, being finer than gravel and coarser than silt. Sand can also refer to a textural class of soil or soil type; i.e., a soil containing more than 85 percent sand-sized particles by mass. Contact us to learn more about our materials.
If you’re looking for a reliable source of Farmington sand and gravel, look no further than us. We understand that sand is an important part of any landscaping or building project, so we offer delivery services to make sure you get the sand you need, when you need it. Simply give us a call at 860-736-3357 to place your order or request a quote below, and we’ll work with you to set up a delivery time that’s convenient for you.
Need a farmington sand and gravel delivery?
farmington sand and gravel Supplier
At Willow Materials we take pride in being the leading Farmington sand and gravel supplier. We understand that not every project is the same, which is why we offer a variety of sand and gravel products to choose from. Whether you need fill dirt for a landscaping project or clean sand for a construction site, we have you covered. In addition to our wide range of products, we also offer delivery to Hartford, CT and surrounding areas. So, if you’re looking for an easy way to get the sand you need for your next project, look no further than Willow Materials. Contact us today to learn more about our products and services or to place an order.
Advantages of Using Sand in Construction
For many contractors, the most appealing aspect of using sand as a construction base or in a concrete mix is the cost-efficiency. Sand acts as an effective adulterant; the more that’s used in the bulk volume of mortar, the lower the cost of more expensive construction materials. In addition, sand is readily available and easy to transport, making it a convenient choice for construction projects.
Sand is a remarkably versatile material. It consists of small particles of decomposed rock, corals, and shells, and it has a wide range of uses. In construction, for example, layers of sand are used to strengthen asphalt and concrete. This is because sand is not susceptible to corrosion or deterioration by pests, making it a reliable and durable building material.
In addition to its practical applications, sand also has a unique aesthetic appeal. Its varied colors and textures make it a popular choice for construction and landscaping. Whether you’re looking for a practical solution or a decorative accent, sand is an excellent choice.
Sand is a common ingredient in many construction materials, such as asphalt and concrete. It is also used as a way to strengthen these materials. The small particles of decomposed rock, coral, and shells act as a binding agent, making the finished product more durable. Sand is also not susceptible to corrosion or deterioration by pests, which makes it a reliable choice for building projects. Whether you are looking to add strength to an existing structure or build something new, sand is an ideal material to use. It is affordable, widely available, and will stand the test of time.
Frequently Asked Questions
How much does sand cost?
The cost of sand varies depending on the type and quantity you need. For example, silica sand generally costs less than construction sand. You can get an estimate for your project by contacting Willow Materials, a sand provider in CT.
What is sand?
Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles. It is defined by size, being finer than gravel and coarser than silt. Sand can also refer to a textural class of soil or soil type; i.e., a soil containing more than 85 percent sand-sized particles by mass.
The second most common type of sand is calcium carbonate, for example, aragonite, which has mostly been created, over the past half billion years, by various marine organisms that secrete calcium carbonate to form shells and skeletons. A third type of sand, iron oxide, is usually formed as a result of sedimentation processes that convert iron-rich rocks into iron oxide minerals (such as hematite and goethite). These three types of sand are used in construction as concrete aggregate, and as raw material for the manufacture of mortar and asphalt.
What is sand used for?
Sand has a multitude of uses both on construction sites and elsewhere:
- As aggregate in concrete mixes to form strong foundations, floors, walls and driveways
- In landscaping to create paths, walkways, mulch and garden edging
- In playgrounds to create soft surfaces for children to play on
- In golf courses to improve drainage and create bunkers (sand traps)
Willow Materials prides themselves on being the sand provider in CT that you can rely on! They offer a variety of sand types to meet your needs, whether you are a construction company working on a new development or a homeowner looking to create a beautiful backyard oasis. Contact Willow Materials today to learn more about their sand offerings and how they can help you achieve your landscape goals!
Where can I buy sand?
You can purchase sand from a variety of sources, including: home improvement stores, hardware stores, landscape suppliers, and online retailers. Willow Materials is a sand provider in CT that offers a variety of sand types for both residential and commercial applications.
Yes, we deliver! We offer delivery services throughout Hartford CT. We also deliver outside Hartford depending on load size. Contact us for a quote.
- Willow Materials sand provider has a long history of providing high quality sand to customers in CT.
- We have a wide variety of sand to choose from, so you can find the perfect type for your needs.
- Our team is experienced and knowledgeable, so we can help you select the best sand for your project.
- We offer competitive pricing on all of our sand products.
- We provide delivery services to make sure you get your sand when you need it.
- We also offer pick-up services at our convenient location in CT.
If you are looking for a high quality sand provider in CT, then contact Willow Materials today!
Yes, sand can be reused if it is clean and dry. If the sand is from a construction project, it may need to be screened to remove any debris before it can be reused.
As a Willow Materials sand provider in CT, we know a thing or two about sand. Here are some reasons why you should consider using sand in your next home improvement project.
Sand is an essential ingredient in many home improvement and construction projects. It can be used to make concrete, mortar, plaster, and other materials. It is also often used as a base for pavers and other types of masonry.
One of the most important things to consider when using sand is the type of project you’re working on. Different types of sand are better suited for different applications. For example, if you’re creating a walkway or patio, you’ll want to use a type of sand that has been screened and washed. This will ensure that there are no large pieces of dirt or debris that could make your project look unfinished.
If you’re working on a larger project, like a foundation for a new home, you’ll want to use a sand that has been crushed. This type of sand is stronger and will provide a more solid foundation.
No matter what type of project you’re working on, sand is an important part of the process. At Willow Materials, we can help you find the perfect type of sand for your needs. We’re proud to be a leading sand provider in CT, and we’re here to help you make your next project a success.


Roof and Cladding Surveys
The protective elements of roofing including tiling and cladding reduce heat loss and ensure that properties are kept dry. One of the most important components of weatherproofing, and usually the most expensive, roofing needs to be inspected on a regular basis since a leaking roof can cause unquantifiable damage if left unattended even for a short period.
Identifying water ingress early will save incalculable expense and whilst all buildings sustain the same type of damage, this is particularly true of stately homes and listed buildings where the cost of repair can be very high.
J Hempstock & Co. Ltd carries out roof and cladding surveys on all residential and commercial properties, old or new, with a particular expertise in architectural roofing and provides comprehensive reports. Our highly qualified consultants and roofing surveyors are able to:
- Undertake roof surveys and compile the requisite report for property acquisition companies
- Inspect specific elements of the roof and cladding that may be of concern
- Identify the causes of condensation and water ingress
- Ascertain defects in the roof or cladding
- Provide surveys to assist in the assessment of the condition of buildings
- Inspect new roofing and cladding or remedial works to ensure quality standards have been met and provide a confirmation report.
- Test air leakage
- Test the materials used for a roof and cladding
Our surveyors employ a number of techniques to identify defects, providing comprehensive information in a Roof and Cladding Report that is easily understood as to the nature, location and extent of potential and existing problems.
Reports will include our surveyor’s estimation of the roofing component’s expected lifespan.
Roof and Cladding Consultation
When we have completed our roof and cladding surveys we are able to advise you on the remedial solutions available, together with the estimated cost of repairs. J Hempstock & Sons Ltd can also undertake or supervise such remedial works if required.
For further information about our Roof and Cladding Surveys, contact us to discuss your particular project or requirements.


For decades, we’ve slowly lowered our investments to improve transportation. When we slowly return to post-pandemic normalcy, restoring NYC’s transit capabilities is going to be crucial to restore our economy. This gives us a brilliant chance to fix the crumbling inequities along in our transit capabilities for low-income neighborhoods and the disabled.
NYC has the 2nd worst traffic condition in the country and a decrease in the rate of use of public transport has increased air pollution and congestion. Accessibility to public transportation is relatively low for senior citizens and students in District-23 as well. To tackle all these issues, Koshy will push for better bike lanes, electrification of our public bus fleet, expand our public transportation capabilities, improve access to subways and take control of NYC’s transit network to micromanage the problems that we face. This also presents an opportunity to create new jobs.
Computerized models have shown that increase in toll charges will lead to an increase in carpooling. So, to decrease traffic congestion and increase carpooling among New Yorkers, Koshy will push for increases in toll charges specifically in heavy traffic congestion areas.


If you are interested in learning more about Stormwater Runoff Best Management Practices or find out about our funding program, please click here.
The City of Webster Groves has met with consultants to discuss a design to fix thethe Elm at Kirkham culvert. The design for the fix is expected to reach the Council this fall. While the project is estimated to cost roughly $1.5 million, the Public Works Department has secured a federal grant for 1.2 million resulting in the City’s portion being roughly $300,000. It is likely that the City’s portion will be paid through the MSD Operation Maintenance Construction Improvement tax funds. Construction is expected to begin in 2027.
Private Streets/Public Street
The City of Webster Groves has a number of privately owned and maintained streets. The City has recently adopted a policy for those interested in converting a private street into a public street for City maintenance. You can view the policy here. If all of the code requirements are met, please contact the Public Works department to make a request.


Buildings in need of significant alterations or repairs may need more extensive work completed particularly to weight-bearing parts of the property. We have completed many projects across Northern Manchester and the Northwest that have needed structural alterations such as; complex structural steel work, underpinning, replacements of floors, ceilings and roofs, damp proof membranes, new joists and significant replastering of a building.
Our experienced construction team provide an excellent service within Bolton, Lancashire, North Manchester and the surrounding areas. We have decades of combined experience working with all types of structural alteration needs across areas such as Blackburn, Bury, Bolton, Chorley, Manchester and the Northwest.
To talk to an expert in Bolton, surrounding North West areas and North Manchester, call Mitchell & Davis Ltd or fill in our contact form and we will get back to you.


As Kansas City, Missouri looks for opportunities to grow, both in terms of revenue and quality job creation, the Blue River Ecodustrial Corridor is a rare opportunity to create an industrial zone that is within the central city, as opposed to creating one that is on the suburban edges. Because this area has existing access to multiple modes of transportation infrastructure, both people and products can move efficiently.
The critical missing piece is that the area’s main roadway, Manchester Trafficway, lacks connectivity to other key routes in and out of the area. To unlock the true economic potential of the area, a review of potential connectivity is needed.
This project is needed to create new and enhance existing multimodal connections throughout the Blue River Ecodustrial Corridor, specifically analyzing an extension of Manchester Trafficway north from its current terminus toward the Missouri River.
Manchester Trafficway’s north/south connectivity is currently inadequate to provide access to the entire corridor of businesses and future (re)development sites.
The type/size of vehicular traffic necessary to serve current and future high-density industrial sites in the corridor requires more sufficient room to transverse and navigate.
Conditions for drivers, bicyclists, and pedestrians could be improved because of poor road conditions, narrow roadways, multiple at-grade rail crossings, and lack of sidewalks.
The existing trail and park system is disjointed, causing a gap in the Blue River Trail from Corrington Park to the Historic Northeast and Missouri River Trail system.
Transit service, amenities, and development opportunities need to be analyzed to determine how to better serve the area. East-west transit routes are provided near and across the corridor, but service is limited within the district and there is currently no north-south transit service.
PUBLIC FEEDBACK OPEN HOUSE
THURS, OCT 7
Come any time between 5:00-7:00PM to review study details & share your input.
3801 Topping Avenue,
Kansas City, MO, 64129
Hosted by Kansas City Industrial Council
WE WANT TO HEAR FROM YOU.
Your input is important to us. Please fill out this survey regarding alternate roadway connections between the north end of Manchester Trafficway and Independence Avenue, as well as bicycle and pedestrian improvements.


Lead Work & Lead Welding Liverpool
Traditional Lead Welding & Lead Work
Some of the country’s best buildings have Lead roofs, as Lead has an enviable record of high performance and longevity. Accept nothing less.
Lead is still as invaluable today as it was hundreds of years ago for the protection of many of our great buildings. If its not being used as a roof covering, it is being used as a gutter or flashing, or a bridge at awkward junctions between walls and roofs. Gutters and roofs made from lead are achieved by laying sheets of metal onto timber boards. Jointing details then allows the sheets to integrate, producing a waterproof surface. Sheets of lead come in very different weights, and are given code numbers. Code 7, as example, is used for large sheets on historic building. The number represents the thickness to weigh 7lb per square foot, and codes 4 or 5 which Are thinner would normally be used for flashings etc.


A few meters from center and surrounded by native vegetation and pine forest
Plot in Cabrils urbanization for sale, Barcelona Coast, one of the few semi-flat lands and easily accessible for construction that exist in the area and a few meters from the urban center and surrounded by native vegetation and pine forest. Urbanized area with paved streets, sidewalks and lighting. Tap water, electricity and gas. Located 30 minutes from Barcelona, with good connection to the Highway.
This magnificent land for sale in Cabrils, is an urban land, subzone 13 C: garden city, semi-intensive single-family, measures 821.45m2 and offers the possibility of building a house on the ground floor + first floor + attic. (maximum height 6.5 m)
Subzone 13 c:
Buildable area: 0.6 m2 of roof per m2 of plot, maximum occupancy 30%
Minimum solar area: 500 m2
Minimum facade: 15 m, street separation: 6 m, other separations: 3 m,


Preparing sites for commercial, industrial or infrastructure projects
Expert remediation and decontamination solutions
CORE provides a complete construction and civil engineering focused service for clients such as developers, house builders and local authorities throughout the UK.
Our Special Projects division can handle a wide range of projects and our team have the skills and management experience to undertake projects both large and small across a variety of sectors of the construction industry, including civils works, refurbishment and maintenance projects.
Our Earthworks, Remediation and Infrastructure divisions boast experience on a wide variety of construction and civil engineering projects and we can build a team based on the particular specialisations needed regardless of the project size.
We believe in collaborative working with our clients and their professional teams and adopt a problem-solving, value-driven approach to defining and delivering project objectives.About Us


NORTHEAST INDIANA – The Indiana Department of Transportation announces that debris removal is scheduled for several bridges in Adams, Blackford, LaGrange, Miami, Wabash, Wells and Whitley counties beginning on or after Wednesday, Oct. 25, weather permitting.
Drivers are cautioned to expect stopped traffic, lane restrictions and/or flaggers directing traffic in the following locations:
• S.R. 1 over the Wabash River, between East Division Street and Water Street in the City of Bluffton
• S.R. 5 over the Eel River, between South Water Street and West Elm Street in the town of South Whitley
• S.R. 9 over the Pigeon River, between Wayne Street and C.R. E 500 N in LaGrange County
• S.R. 15 over the Eel River, between C.R. 895 N and Reahard Road in Wabash County
• S.R. 18 over the Salamonie River, between East River Road and C.R. N 600 E in Blackford County
• S.R. 19 over the Wabash River, between East Canal Street and East Riverside Drive in the City of Peru
• U.S. 31 over the Eel River, between West Eel River Road and C.R. W 300 N in Miami County
• S.R. 218 over the Wabash River, between S.R. 16 and C.R. 500 W in Adams County
• U.S. 224 over the St. Mary’s River, between Front Street and Limberlost Train in the City of Decatur
INDOT reminds drivers to use caution and consider worker safety when traveling through any active construction zone.
Work on the bridges is expected to be complete by late November, weather permitting. The combined contract was awarded to Pioneer and Associates for $223,000.
To view these projects online, visit indot.carsprogram.org.
Drivers in Northeast Indiana can monitor road closures, road conditions, and traffic alerts at any time via the District’s social media channels: www.Facebook.com/INDOTNortheast or Twitter @INDOTNortheast. Or visit http://www.trafficwise.in.gov for INDOT’s TrafficWise Traveler Information Service.


Department of construction science construction industry advisory council 2006 annual report college of architecture • texas a&m university. Annual report for 2015 construction industry the construction industry in 2015 was characterized by favorable dynamics and a change in the growing negative trend. Moving safety forward health & safety annual report make the construction industry safer health & safety is and to report that crossrail’s health and. Sterling construction company go business summary annual reports see the full 2017 annual report. Browse through reports from dodge data and analytics read the research on emerging trends that are impacting and transforming the construction industry. Businesses in the building and construction industry need to report the total payments they make to each contractor for building and construction services each year on a taxable payments. 1 construction industry long service leave board ⎜ 2012 annual report vision to be and be recognised as a professional, innovative, progressive client driven worker benefit scheme.
Construction industry council ordinance (cap 587) construction workers registration ordinance (cap 583) annual report for 2016: link: link: annual report for. 2015 annual report & forecast confidence across construction markets continues overall, the construction industry expects 2015 to be “good” for business. Did you know that the st louis council of construction consumers members report saving adoption of proven technology can improve construction industry. 1 an annual report of the construction industry of china hong kong 2008-2009 prepared by asiaconstruct team research centre for construction and real estate economics. Download reports from the economist intelligence unit covering uk industry this report quantifies the likely hydropower construction poses to.
In this page you can find cnh industrial's annual reports and form to receive a hard copy of our annual report on and construction. Annual report history industry the new york building congress is committed to promoting the growth and success of the construction industry in new.
Taxable payments reporting - building and construction industry taxable payments reporting – building and the taxable payments annual report is due by 28. We measure the housing and construction industry harvey and irma on the compilation of this report census bureau | construction spending.
Industry other filters to the largest annual report directory to-date listings of annual reports on the internet, annualreportscom provides instant access. In need industrial building construction of industry data annual percentage change for key industry data this report on industrial building construction. Expectations for 2015 included pockets of confidence across the country and within the construction industry participants in the 2016 annual report & forecast.
The construction sector comprises which includes employment estimates by industry and occupation for construction recent hourly and annual earnings are. Long service corporation administers portable long service schemes in nsw for building and construction industry and contract cleaning industry annual report. An annual report of the construction industry of china hong kong 2002-2003 prepared by asiaconstruct team research centre for construction and real estate economics. Final report of the construction industry institute, hong kong research project on reinventing the hong kong construction industry for its sustainable development. Construction industry training board (citb) annual report and accounts 2015 for the year ended 31 december 2015 presented to parliament pursuant to s8 (4) of the industrial training. A l a sk ’ c o ns tr u c i s p e nd i g 2 01 f o re c a s t annual report for the construction industry progress fund and the associated general contractors. Annual report — 2016 construction industry long service leave board address 155 fullarton road, rose park, sa 5067 telephone (08) 83326111 toll free telephone.
All Rights Saved.


January 31, 2018
Two iconic towers located within a 6 acre park in New Westminster, connecting 2.5km of celebrated boardwalk with over 15,000sf of new waterfront dining, shops and services.
“The proposed project will be a major and positive contribution to the downtown waterfront and the City of New Westminster. The development combines two residential towers, retail space, daycare, public park, underground parking and riverfront esplanade to create a dynamic mixed use project. The site is an important gateway to the waterfront and a key component in the City’s Waterfront vision for a continuous waterfront experience, improved neighbourhood connections and year-round public spaces.”
The current proposal is now for a two-tower scheme that includes:
- two residential towers: 53-storeys (phase 1) & 43-storeys (phase 2)
- building heights of 584 ft & 472 ft.
- 665 units
- 156 one-bedrooms, 441 two-bedrooms & 68 three-bedrooms
- a total density of 4.52 FSR
- a 3-storey commercial building with retail at grade and childcare above
- 40 space childcare facility
- 2 acre of new public park including extension of Westminster Pier Park
- 929 parking stalls on 3 levels of underground parking


RM Services, Devon
Civil Engineering Fabrication and
Based in the South Hams between Plymouth and
Exeter, we have over 20 years experience in welding and fabrication
on civil engineering contracts. We work closely with local and national
organisations to provide solutions in civil engineering contract
and sub contract work.
We have a proven track record in delivering complex fabrications
and welding at our workshop and on-site and we have provided tailored
solutions for local and national companies.
Our Services Include:
• Fabricated steel, stainless and aluminum
• Civil engineering, structural
and architectural welding
• and fabrication
• Coded Arc, MIG and TIG welding
• Fabrication and repairs to steel bridges and rail infrastructure
• On and off-site welding and fabrication
• 24-hour emergency welding
With over 20 years in business, we are well established welding
and fabrication contractor with an excellent reputation for delivering.
Our clients include local authorities, public utilities, commercial
and industrial businesses, and rail infrastructure businesses.


As a permanent and viable solution to Iloilo City’s water problem, the representative of Iloilo City filed a House Resolution calling for the privatization of the water distribution operations of the Metro Iloilo Water District (MIWD). Iloilo Rep Jerry Treñas is pushing to privatize the MIWD, which he said could ensure the efficiency and quality of the distribution of potable water within the franchise area of the water district.
In his House Resolution No. 1363, Treñas said that “countless of residents and businesses within the MIWD service area have expressed their frustration and anger over the inability of the MIWD to consistently provide water in their taps.” The Iloilo City solon also mentioned that the water distribution problem is the only stumbling block to the rapid economic growth of Metro Iloilo as “it compromises business operations and causes severe anxiety and hardships to the residents of Iloilo City and its adjoining municipalities.”
Treñas cited reports by studies conducted by the World Bank and USAID, as well as the policy findings of the Asian Development Bank, which find privatization of water utilities as a viable alternative that could greatly increase the efficiency of water delivery. He also mentioned that the MIWD could follow the lead of the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS), which privatized its water distribution operations. The MWSS privatization saved Metro Manila from a severe water crisis in the 1990s, as the expertise, financial resources and experience in the water industry of the private concessionaires greatly improved the water distribution system in Metro Manila.
He also filed an earlier House Resolution which led the House Committee on Good Government and Public Accountability to hold a Congressional hearing and investigation in Iloilo City, which unearthed that the MIWD is in the red as it is facing a significant deficit in its cash flow.


With 40 years of civil construction experience in Australia, Brad Cattlin & Sons Civil was formed to meet the growing needs of the civil construction industry in Victoria.
As one of the fastest-growing names in Victoria, Brad Cattlin & Sons Civil take pride in providing exceptional services and solutions to many of the state’s contractors in Civil, Road, Rail, Drainage, Bulk Earthworks, Dams & House Cuts.
What sets us apart from other companies in our industry is our tradition of trust. Brad Cattlin & Sons Civil has become a premiere Australian contractor driven by passion and family heritage and fueled by a team of committed and dedicated professionals.
Brad Cattlin and Sons Civil are locally owned and operated. Our Directors are key operators of the business that continue to lead with transparency and integrity offering a very proactive attitude to ensure all schedules are met safely.
With offices in Melbourne, Brad Cattlin & Sons Civil are growing Victoria wide
Brad Cattlin & Sons Civil has an extensive workplace Health & Safety Management system in place that’s rolled out Victoria wide and utilised on every project. With an ongoing commitment to safety we are proud that our employees are safety trained field personnel and their insistence upon orderly, clean job sites and strict enforcement allows us act proactively with all state regulations.
Aiming to mitigate and manage risks we find new ways to enhance safety standards by updating technology, improving our procedures, breaking old habits or creating new ones.
At Brad Cattlin & Sons Civil we embrace the digital era construction is moving through. We are constantly striving to improve efficiencies and maintain the highest level of quality and safety.
One of the greatest strengths of our business is our people; they are the biggest drivers of our reputation and success. Growing with us from project to project our team are continuously trained, and upskilled with new courses and tickets to advance their careers and our clients expectations.
Working with the same vision and integrity as our Director Brad Cattlin, our team’s core competencies include, procurement, contracts management, safety & environmental, project management, supervisors, machine operators, labourers, dogmen and riggers.


Opened on July 5, 2012, the skyscraper ” The Shard “in London is the highest in Europe and its inauguration was a real spectacle of colored lights and lasers that illuminated the city. Its construction finally been completed for the architectural profile of London.
Features of the building
The Shard skyscraper in London is located in Southwark and was nicknamed ” The shard of glass “(translated in Italian: the splinter) because of its appearance. Nearly 310 meters high and completely covered in glass, it has a form of an irregular pyramid. The building will be used as offices and homes, as well as restaurants and a luxury hotel.
With its height, the building has 95 floors and can accommodate a maximum number of 12,000 people. Its construction was funded by Sheikh Abdullah bin Saud, the emirate of Qatar, which provides funding an actual redevelopment of the city, that began years ago in view of the 2012 Olympics . At the inauguration ceremony, Hamad bin Jassem Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar was present.
The construction of the building, which replaces the Southwark Towers, came in the midst of several controversies related to the fact that this building will irreversibly change the landscape of the city. If its any consolation, the skyscraper has a terrace from which you can see from the highest point possible in the entire city. Moreover, the beauty of the building is accentuated by the fact that different glasses covering it are oriented so as to change color according to sunlight.