Greater Binghamton Road Construction Report for April 25th, 2013
Here's your road rage report for today...
We'll have a lane reductions on NYS route 17 between exit 71 and 72 in both the eastbound and westbound directions. There will also be a lane reduction westbound on NYS Route 17 over the Chenango River in the City of Binghamton. The Northbound bound ramp at exit 4s, (I-81) is closed till further notice.
There's also bridge work that's reducing a lane of traffic on 81 north and southbound between exits one and two.
And now... for today's Road Rage funny!


PK Institute Rawalpindi is among of the Pakistan chief providers of certificated health and safety training and instructional courses, Revit Course Rawalpindi helping people and associations make more secure and more beneficial workplaces. We are continually creating innovative and creative projects went for individuals working in a wide range of association over the globe. These range from junior representatives to Chiefs, plus from hospitals and schools to worldwide construction, manufacturing and business organizations. Our courses give the bits of knowledge and functional tools to advance a health and security culture in which everybody has their influence. Our courses bring different advantages, as well – for example, decreasing ailment nonattendance, expanding efficiency and enhancing an association’s repute. Despite the fact that work gives numerous economic plus different advantages, a wide cluster of working environment dangers present dangers to the safety and health of individuals at work likewise. These incorporate however are not constrained to, “biological agents, chemicals, physical variables, allergens, adverse ergonomic circumstances, an intricate system of safety risks,” plus an expansive scope of psychosocial risk features. Individual defensive hardware could help ensure against a significant number of these risks. We will likely make splendid learners so they could get upscale occupations in all industry divisions, Downstream and Upstream Enterprises as well as corporations. Revit Course in Rawalpindi 6th Road Location.
Course Outline of Autodesk Revit
- Column Grids
- User Interface
- Windows and doors
- Stair work
- Linking, Exporting and Printing
- Modifying tools
Revit Course Duration : 2 Months
Revit Course Fee: 20000/-
5 Days a Week Class
Revit Course in Rawalpindi Call Now: 0311-5559404
Revit is an instinctive programming software from Autodesk utilized for (BIM) Building Information Modeling. This element rich computer-aided design programming software gives ground-breaking tools enabling experts to collaborate, design, and imagine pivotal building segments to render best-in-class item models. Training courses of Autodesk Revit allow architects to plus similar experts to learn cutting-edge tools to streamline different design procedures extending from construction documents to design development. Our Revit certification and training program gives an entire heap of thorough highlights utilized to facilitate and encourage architectural design, plumbing, electrical plus mechanical design, as well as construction aspirants in creating information databases and 3D components. Revit Course Rawalpindi
Best Revit Training Course
PK Institute Rawalpindi proposes extensive Autodesk Revit training and certification Revit Course Rawalpindi to deliver top to bottom knowledge and experience of the BIM standards which assist in creating easy to complex building outlines and designs proficiently. Our mentors for the Revit course are certified and have numerous years of industry experience as well as render a flat-out comprehension of 3D and 2D drafting components, model annotation plus phases in the lifespan of a building from the idea to the development and construction.
Our training and instructional courses for the Autodesk Revit are accessible in Rawalpindi in various delivery modes for both professionals and beginners. Enroll now to be a certified in the course of Autodesk Revit.
Join our course of Autodesk Revit at PK Institute Rawalpindi. PK Institute Rawalpindi gives more than 2700+ Business and information technology training and instructional courses all through Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Regardless of whether you are searching for customized nearby Autodesk Revit instructional and training course for a private group all through Rawalpindi or an educator drove online Autodesk Revit training class, PK Institute Rawalpindi has the answer and solution for you.
Autodesk Revit is the top-notch (BIM) building information modeling programming software utilized by designers, constructors, structural engineers, MEP engineers, and architect. This powerful application programming software engages the architecture professionals and experts alongside intelligent model-based devices as well as automated procedures for constructing, designing, planning, and overseeing plus managing buildings and infrastructure. Revit certification and training courses enhance your effectiveness in rendering convincing BIM expectations efficiently.
PK Institute, Rawalpindi, is one of the organized Autodesk Revit training accomplices centered on delivering extensive Revit training, certification, and instructional courses. A group of Autodesk experts alongside demonstrated record of delivering superlative and excellent knowledge of this splendid BIM application manage you through the fundamental to advance capacities to make you advertise prepared for demonstrating your mastery. Revit Course Rawalpindi and islamabad.
The domain of building design and architecture has seen rare changes. The procedure toward documenting, designing and planning building ideas is uniquely contrasted with what it was eras ago. Alongside facility proprietors requesting rapid turnarounds, expanded efficiency plus proficiency and minimal waste in their projects, there is an immense move from uncoordinated CAD 2D documentation design work process to a coordinated merely BIM model-based methodology including every key member amid early design phases. To continue with this industry move, forward-looking structural and architectural practices are grasping the 3D parametric-prototypical based work processes as well as to do this efficiently, they are hoping to enlist building design professionals and architects capable and talented alongside BIM tools, for example, Revit Architecture Design. This unusual and substantial industry move is reason sufficient for the architectural and structural learners to take up the Revit programming software training and instructional courses in Rawalpindi and construct a strong foundation for what’s to come.
Autodesk Revit Course
Autodesk Revit is basically building data modeling programming software for designers, MEP engineers, structural engineers, architects plus contractors’ workers created via Autodesk. It enables clients to design and plan a structure and building as well as its segments in 3D, explain the model alongside 2D drafting components, plus access building data from the database of building model’s. Revit is BIM 4D able alongside tools to track and plan different phases in the lifecycle of a building, from idea to construction, development and later pulverization. Revit is programming software for the BIM. Its ground-breaking tools let you utilize the quick model-based procedure to manage, construct, design and plan infrastructure and buildings. Revit underpins a multidiscipline design procedure for a collaborative plan or design. Regardless of whether you are an architect; plumbing, electrical or mechanical engineer; a construction expert; or a structural engineer, Revit proposes BIM includes particularly designed and intended for you. Revit has highlighted for all controls associated with a building venture. Whenever construction, engineers and architects’ experts work on one bound together stage, the danger of data interpretation blunders could be lessened as well as the design and outline procedure could be more predictable. Revit Course Rawalpindi
For structural architects or engineers:
Utilize devices particular to architectural plan and design to make intelligent models of the structure as a team with other building segments. Assess by what means well they adjust to building plus safety rules and regulations. Revit Course Rawalpindi at pakitan
For MEP engineers:
Design and Outline MEP building frameworks alongside more extended precision as well as in improved coordination alongside structural and architectural segments, utilizing the consistent and coordinated data characteristic in the astute model.
For construction experts:
Assess constructability, design and plan goal before construction starts. Gain a superior comprehension of the methods, strategies, and materials, and by what means they all meet up.
What Will I Study and Learn?
At the end of the course, you will have the capacity to create rendered and drawings pictures of structures and building. You ought to likewise be quickly productive and profitable in a building plan and design office contributing to the primary concern.
In this specific course, you will learn and figure out how to model buildings utilizing the building data modeling programming software, Revit Architecture. You will figure out how to explore the UI, model architectural components, for instance, stairs, curtain wall systems, structure, floors, roofs, doors, windows, and wall. You will dimension and annotate drawings, produce segments, subtle elements, and timetables. You will likewise produce three-dimensional images as well as renderings of structures and buildings.revit courses online
The vital target of this course is to instruct the learners the ideas of Building Data Modelling and present the devices for parametric building plan, documentation and design utilizing Revit Architecture. This course covers the fundamentals of Revit Architecture, from schematic plan and design through development and construction documentation. The learners are acquainted and presented with the ideas of Building Data and information modeling as well as the tools for the parametric building documentation, plan and design. revit training courses
Our formats of the delivery for Autodesk Revit Course:
PK Institute, Rawalpindi proposes a scope of Revit BIM training and instructional courses by means of the rage of modes as well as especially custom fitted calendars and agendas. You could select from classroom, onsite, on the web, group, private or mixed teacher drove method of learning and flawlessly get a chance to propel and advance your profession in building data and information modeling.
This specific course is intended and designed for new Autodesk Revit Design Architecture users or other Autodesk programming software users who need to learn fundamental components of Autodesk Revit Engineering Architecture. No past computer-aided design experience is essential. Nevertheless, architectural design and outline, engineering and drafting experience and knowledge are profoundly suggested. online revit training certification
Who Must Join:
This course is intended and designed for any of the new users of Revit Structure.
Objectives of the course: revit course in islamabad
After finishing this Revit Course Rawalpindi e, you will have the capacity to:
Portray and reveal the advantages of Building Data and information modeling.
Utilize the key highlights and characteristic of Revit Structure.
Utilize the parametric 3D configuration design instruments for analyzing and creating the projects.
Build up a level of confidence as well as comfort alongside Revit Structure with the help of hands-on knowledge and experience.
Who could Benefit from this Revit Course: autocad and revit courses
(BIM) Building Information Modelling Executive
Architect (YET not Naval or Landscape)
Design Architect Revit Course in Rawalpindi


Solaiman Abdullah Elkhereiji Consultants (SAK) which is part of the Elkhereiji Group is a consulting firm of Architects and Engineers with an experience of more than 40 years in this field, has its main office located in Jeddah, branch offices in Riyadh, Madinah, Al Khobar, Cairo, Milano and site offices in Makkah, Rabigh, Dammam and Taif.
Our multi disciplinary firm provides a complete spectrum of services essential in the field of architectural and engineering design consultancy, Construction Site Supervision and Project management.
SOME INTERESTING FACTS
Our team takes over everything, from an idea and concept development to realization. We believe in traditions and incorporate them within our innovations. All our projects incorporate a unique artistic image and functional solutions. Client is the soul of the project. Our main goal is to illustrate his/hers values and individuality through design.


Update: Mumbai (Bandra East) building collapse: Death toll rises to six.
Update: Death toll rises to four. reports news agency ANI
Update: One dead in Mumbai (Bandra East) building collapse. Reports news agency ANI.
Mumbai: A five-storey building collapsed in suburban Bandra this afternoon with two girls feared trapped inside, fire brigade sources said.
There are no reports of any casualties so far, they said.
The building is located on Anant Kanekar Marg, Behrampada, near National School in Bandra East.
First floor to 4th floor portion of the building collapsed, thereby trapping two girls as learnt from people around, fire brigade sources said.
Efforts were underway to clear the rubble, they said.


Using a dense seismic array in Long Beach, California, we investigate the effectiveness of using traffic noise for passive subsurface imaging. Spectral analysis reveals that traffic-induced vibrations dominate the ambient seismic noise field at frequencies between 3 and 15 Hz. Using the ambient-noise cross-correlation technique at these frequencies, we extract fundamental- and first-order-mode Rayleigh waves generated by Interstate 405 and local roads. We pick group travel times associated with the fundamental mode and use them in a straight-ray tomography procedure to produce group velocity maps at 3.0 Hz and 3.5 Hz. The velocity trends in our results correspond to shallow depths and coincide well with lithologies outlined in a geologic map of the survey area. The most prominent features resolved in our velocity maps are the low velocities to the north corresponding to less-consolidated materials, high velocities to the south corresponding to more-consolidated materials, a low-velocity zone corresponding to artificial fill in Alamitos Bay, and a low-velocity linear feature in the Newport-Inglewood Fault zone. Our resulting near-surface velocities can be useful for identifying regions that are susceptible to serious damage during earthquake-related shaking.
Data courtesy of Signal Hill Petroleum and Nodal Seismic.
Chang, Jason P., Sjoerd AL de Ridder, and Biondo L. Biondi. "High-frequency Rayleigh-wave tomography using traffic noise from Long Beach, California." Geophysics 81.2 (2016): B43-B53.
Society of Exploration Geophysicists 2016 [abstract]
European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers 2016 [abstract]
American Geophysical Union 2015 [poster]
Stanford Big Data for Energy and Environment 2014 [poster]


Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are designed to achieve the environmental requirements of the comfort of occupants and a process. HVAC systems are the backbone of building mechanical systems that provide thermal comfort for occupants accompanied with indoor air quality. HVAC systems can be classified into central and local systems according to multiple zones, location, and distribution. Primary HVAC equipment includes heating equipment, ventilation equipment, and cooling or air-conditioning equipment. Central HVAC systems locate away from buildings in a central equipment room and deliver the conditioned air by a delivery ductwork system. Central HVAC systems contain all-air, air-water, all-water systems. Two systems should be considered as central, such as heating and cooling panels and water-source heat pumps. Local HVAC systems can be located inside a conditioned zone or adjacent to it and there is no requirement for ductwork. Local systems include local heating, local air-conditioning, local ventilation, and split systems.


About Honesty & Faith
Established in 1982, Honesty & Faith Hardware Products Co., Ltd. which based on Honesty & Credit Wire Mesh factory, has now become a big company engaged in development, production and sales of various wire mesh through nearly twenty years development. The fixed asset is more than five million Chinese Yuan and circulating fund is nearly ten million Chinese Yuan. We have a staff of more than 500 people and an annual output of more than four hundred thousand tons of wire mesh products, making it the backbone enterprise in domestic wire mesh industry.
Our company is located in Anping, the hometown of Wire Mesh in China. The traffic is very convenient being close to many cities including Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang and others big city.
- Advanced wire mesh weaving machines.
- Experienced and well-trained work staff.
- Quality wire mesh products.
- Reasonable prices.
- Timely delivery.
- Good communication with customers.
Material: Galvanized iron wire, or stainless steel wire. Property: Square Wire Mesh is made of selected low carbon iron wire with precision construction, uniform mesh, fine rust-resisting and durable function.
General Introduction of Window Screening: Wire Materials of Window Screening: Stainless steel wire, galvanized iron wire, aluminum wire, fiberglass, etc.
Welded wire mesh, or welded wire fabric is a steel reinforcement material in concrete. The mesh is used for replacing the traditional "cut & bend" and placing of steel thermo-mechanical treated bars.
Chain link fence is also known as diamond fence, it is woven with high quality mild steel wire.


DIY 3D water depth mapping with Arduino and echo sounder
8565 People Read – 103 People Liked – You Can Also Like
A few weeks ago I got stuck at the harbor entrance and had to wait two hours for the water to rise again. Even though the map shows a 2.5m standard water depth for the whole harbor, the water level sank down to 0.6m in some areas.
To find out the real topography of the ground I built a small logging device using an Arduino and echo sounder to collect data on water depths. This and some data from Wasser&Schiffahrtsamt for tidal correction were fed into a small python snippet with Matplotlib to create a 3D map of the water depths.
Hackaday was kind enough to write about this project! Thanks!
More info: https://github.com/Neumi/3D_water_depth_logger
#mapping #arduino #depth


Aquobex is a leading global specialist in designing and engineering world-class flood protection solutions for homes and businesses. Its research-led approach is based on a deep understanding of how our built environment is developing in a rapidly changing climate. With a combined experience spanning over 50 years in the industry, Aquobex pioneers new approaches to flood management solutions from property level resilience to strategic city planning. Recognised by the Government and insurance industry, it is relied upon by organisations across the globe.
Aquobex is an Oxfordshire-based business founded by Managing Director John Alexander and Sales Director Gavin George in 2010. Both shared the same goal of bringing best industry practice to the flood market, with Gavin having his own near-miss on his home and discovering the lack of support and resources available for flood victims.
Aquobex engaged HeadOn PR to create a timely press and social media campaign that highlighted the importance of flood preparation to the public and to raise awareness of its flood protection solutions
HeadOnOn PR worked with Aquobex to create a top 20 essential elements to include in your emergency flood kit, with advice on preparing your home for a potential flood and solutions available.
With the news secured on highly authoritative news platforms and pushed out via social media, all with backlinks and an eye-catching Emergency Flood Kit infographic, designed by HeadOn PR, the PR campaign helped boost SEO, drive readers to the Aquobex website, and overall amplify public brand awareness.


Want to do more with your damp, energy-draining basement? Insulation can help.
Today, people want their basement to be a comfortable and moisture-free environment, suitable for human habitation and property storage. The cheapest and most effective way to achieve a livable basement is with insulation. Insulation is designed to keep conditioned air in and the elements out.
An insulated basement is optimally energy efficient. Basement wall insulation locks in expensive conditioned air and blocks outdoor temperatures to keep your home’s energy system functioning at maximum efficiency. The basement is often a major source of energy loss in homes, says the U.S. Department of Energy.
Insulating basement walls maximizes their longevity. Without proper insulation, homeowners eventually see the buildup of moisture and ultimately hazardous mold and mildew. Effective basement insulation acts a waterproof vapor barrier. It also helps prevent pest infestations and improves air quality.
How To Insulate A Basement
You can insulate a basement wall from the inside or the outside. The latter is usually done at the time of construction. Although exterior insulation is ideal for energy efficiency purposes, interior insulation is the easiest and cost-effective option for most home improvement projects. It is most practical when the basement has been constructed but is still unfinished.
Interior basement insulation can be done by a savvy do-it-yourselfer – although some people bring in a contractor to ensure the highest quality work. If you want to be your own handyman, learn how to insulate your slabs with our best tips for DIY basement wall insulation.
Type of Insulation
The most popular basement insulation materials are packaged as batts, rigid panels, or spray foam.
- Batts are essentially rolls or blankets made from mineral fibers, such as fiberglass or wool. Fiberglass batts are a cheap insulation material, but they come with some disadvantages that are worth considering – see below.
- Rigid foam insulation is both more effective and expensive compared to batts. Rigid sheets or panels of extruded polystyrene, or XPS, are the best choice of material for many homes. One or two inches of XPS provides tough and moisture-resistant insulation. However, XPS is flammable, so it must be installed with a thermal barrier, such as a half-inch of gypsum board.
- Foam-in-place insulation, or spray foam, can be sprayed into empty cavities to fill the entire space. Spray foam insulation achieves a higher R-value with less thickness. Closed-cell spray foam is widely considered the best way to insulate a basement wall, but it is more expensive than rigid panels.
What is the best R-value for your insulation? It depends on your climate, home design, and other factors. The Department of Energy provides a handy tool for calculating appropriate R-values based on your zip code.
To achieve a higher overall R-value, many people use a combination of materials. It’s common to lay rigid foam board against the foundation, then construct a stud wall on top. The stud wall leaves space for electrical wiring and HVAC infrastructure, and can be further insulated with batts between the studs. If you plan to install additional insulative sheathing, you can use thinner foam boards for the first layer.
Did You Know? Moisture Control Tips
The main difficulty in insulating basment walls relates to moisture. Concrete walls absorb water like a sponge, easily transporting moisture inside from the outdoors. One of the benefits of insulation is its vapor resistance, but it must be installed correctly to prevent, rather than aggravate moisture issues.
If you have serious moisture infiltration, you must fix it before applying insulation so your efforts don’t go to waste. If you notice any visible wetness on the foundation under ordinary conditions, you probably need to install a drainage system first.
Basement wall insulation should be applied directly to the concrete foundation – unless you’re using fiberglass batts. If you insulate with fiberglass, there must be space between the insulation and concrete. Otherwise, the point of contact will acquire mold or mildew. This is a surprisingly commonplace mistake. Fiberglass is not moisture-resistant!
Should you include a plastic vapor barrier between your layer of insulation and the drywall? According to the Building Science Corporation, vapor barriers do more harm than good. Properly installed insulation is the best defense against moisture and avoids the air flow problems that accompany plastic barriers.
When installing fiberglass insulation, safety precautions are important. You can protect your health by wearing eye, mouth and skin protection. Use shop goggles and a dust mask. Be sure all exposed skin is covered and wear work gloves.
When you place a fiberglass batt in a wall cavity, don’t press too hard. Instead of squishing the material in, cut the insulation with a sharp knife to the desired size or shape. You can cut small pieces to fill minor spaces and achieve airtight protection. Aim for a tight, but not pinched fit.


Hydroitalia – Colsen proposes different technological solutions based on the type of industrial wastewater to treat and the final quality requirements to achieve.
Our wastewater treatment technology solutions can be successfully applied to treat process wastewater from different industrial sectors:
Hydroitalia – Colsen is also active in the design and construction of municipal wastewater treatment plants and/or the upgrade of the existing plants with the application of new technologies.
The principal techniques we apply for the treatment of wastewater and sludge in the these sectors are:
Biological anaerobic treatment of wastewater:
Phosphorous removal with the ANPHOS® process:
Biological aerobic treatment of wastewater:


Building a brighter future
JBM are proposing to build a 49.9MW solar farm and battery energy storage system. Located approximately 2km north of Great Malvern and on either side of the A449. The scheme would occupy around 271 acres and would be a positive contribution to the UK’s goal of reaching net zero.
This location has been carefully chosen by our integrated team of experts. The site can be screened to minimise visual impact and has the potential to deliver positive gains for protected species.
Our proposals are informed by localised feedback. Your comments will help shape the final proposals that are brought forward and the team will listen, learn, and where appropriate, amend the designs, to ensure local feedback is incorporated.
By working in partnership with local communities, JBM Solar unlocks a project’s full potential by ensuring that the benefits of solar energy developments are realised in a way that positively impacts the surrounding community.


Oak Forensic Engineering works with developers, general contractors, mechanical contractors, and mechanical consultants in high rise construction projects with one goal in mind: reduce the frequency and severity of water losses. High rise towers have been prone to water losses, particularly during construction or shortly after construction.
Oak’s personnel have over 15 years of experience in investigating these losses. These investigations have produced a knowledge base that allows us to identify some of issues that could lead to water losses before they happen, potentially saving millions in damages and construction delays. This work is best completed at design and construction phase, but can also be done to assess systems after they have been built if there have been issues identified.
Give us a call to see if we can help you. Our personnel has prior experience working on several towers and would be happy to discuss how we can help you in reducing water losses.
Please fill out the form and we will get back to you.


Delhi Metro Is Extending Its High Speed Express Line To Dwarka Sec 25.
The underground stretch by DMRC will soon commence from the present New Delhi metro station to Dwarka to Dwarka Sector 25 and link it with the upcoming exhibition cum convention centre (ECC). This is a great piece of news for the daily commuters as well as for those who travel out frequently. A total of 36 coaches will be constructed. Therefore DMRC has floated tenders to procure these high speed coaches. Six extra trains will be constructed for the high-speed corridor. The trains would have a top speed of 132 kmph and will be of standard gauge. Since the new coaches are different from the usual coaches, DMRC wont be able to use them from its existing network for the Airport Express Line. DMRC had invited open e-tenders from agencies on international competitive bidding basis for design, manufacture, supply, testing, commissioning and training of 36 standard gauge cars for Airport Metro Express project. The Airport Express Line extension is 1.7 km from Dwarka Sector 21 station. An underground station is planned inside the ECC complex with its connectivity to the convention centre through subways. Work on extending the Airport Express will cost around Rs 310 crore.The detailed project report for the proposed extension has been approved by the government At present, the high-speed Airport Express Line connects New Delhi station to Dwarka Sector 21 station, with four stations in between — Shivaji Stadium, Dhaula Kuan, Delhi Aerocity and IGI Airport (Terminal 3). The underground ECC station will be connected to the line through a tunnel, which will be constructed through the cut and cover method. DMRC expects to complete the project within a span of two-and-a-half-years.


To make cities a better one requires a lot of work and dedication, a total commitment to citizens. To achieve this, there is a lot of machinery involved. Today we share some of the main machinery involved in it.
For projects such as roads and paving, the use of heavy machinery is necessary; This refers to those of large geometric proportions, they have a considerable volume and weight. They are mainly used in large earthworks (be it open pit or tunnels), movement of heavy elements, civil engineering, or in mining works.
Among the best known of this type of machinery, we can mention tunnel boring machines, large cranes, excavators, among others.
Types Of Heavy Machinery
Heavy construction machinery handles many types of machinery, especially those for public works (civil engineering) or private projects; earthworks, roads, clearings, dams, dredging, drilling of tunnels and trenches, excavations, or deep foundations. The following can be distinguished:
It is used to open grooves for the passage of pipes, cables, drains, etc. It is also used to excavate foundations or ramps on building sites. The machine hits the ground with a spoon with which it starts the materials that it drags and deposits inside it, in a movement from the bottom up. In general, it does not exceed 30% slopes on slippery terrain.
Construction machines used to carry out excavations inland. It can be used to carry out earthworks, open furrows for pipes, cables, or drains, and also to repair the land where the foundation of the building will be located. The main difference between this and the excavator is that the backhoe digs from top to bottom.
They are the essential machines for road and street paving. The most used are those of concrete or concrete, to which are added those of curbs and gutters, and sidewalks.
The auto pulsed machine on wheels has different types of rollers (vibrator, smooth, kickstand, smooth tires) that allow accelerating the soil compaction process.
Also known as Loaders, they are mechanical shovels mounted on wheels or chains and suitable for various jobs, especially for earthmoving. Also in filling ditches, lining slopes, placing concrete on-site, and transporting various materials. Its support structure has two articulated arms that are hydraulically actuated.
It is used to lift and distribute very heavy loads, usually through a hook. The most common are tower cranes, consisting of a removable metal tower and an extension parallel to the ground, which can rotate and is also equipped with motors that allow lifting and distributing the load.
Now that you know each type of machinery thoroughly, prepare yourself with everything you need for your new construction and paving projects.
You may also like to read, Tips to keep your heavy machinery in good condition


Glass railings are a popular choice for modern architectural designs due to their sleek and contemporary appearance. These railings provide an open and unobstructed view while also ensuring safety. One essential component of glass railing systems is the clamp that holds the glass panels securely in place. There are several types of clamps available in the market, each with its unique features and suitability for different applications. In this article, we will explore the various options, including point-mounted clamps, standoff clamps, surface-mounted clamps, and top-rail-mounted clamps. We will discuss the pros and cons of each type, their installation methods, and the applications they are best suited for.
1. Point-Mounted Clamps:
Point-mounted clamps, also known as pin or fin clamps, are designed to hold the glass panel at specific points. These clamps feature a pin or fin that goes through a hole drilled in the glass, securing it in place. Point-mounted clamps offer a minimalistic and clean look as they provide a clear and uninterrupted view through the glass railing. They are commonly used in frameless glass railing systems.
- Sleek and minimalistic appearance.
- Thin and discrete design.
- Suitable for both interior and exterior applications.
- Can be adjusted or repositioned easily.
- Requires precise drilling and installation, which can be time-consuming and may require professional expertise.
- The number of clamps required increases with the glass panel size, potentially impacting overall cost.
- Limited weight-bearing capacity compared to other clamp types.
Point-mounted clamps are ideal for applications where an unobstructed view is desired, such as balconies, terraces, or staircases. They are often used in residential and commercial projects, ranging from single-family homes to high-rise buildings.
2. Standoff Clamps:
Standoff clamps, also known as offset or spider clamps, are designed to create a gap or offset between the glass panel and the supporting structure. These clamps typically hold the glass from the sides, allowing it to stand away from the surface. Standoff clamps offer a unique aesthetic appeal and provide flexibility in design options.
- Versatile and customizable design, allowing for various glass thicknesses and gap sizes.
- Easy installation with surface-mounted or through-glass options.
- Can accommodate glass panels of different shapes, including curved or bent glass.
- Offers a distinctive visual effect by creating a floating appearance.
- Requires more space due to the standoff created between the glass and the supporting structure.
- May require additional support brackets for larger glass panels.
- The gap between the glass and the clamp can accumulate debris and require regular cleaning and maintenance.
Standoff clamps are commonly used in both residential and commercial applications, including offices, hotels, retail spaces, and public buildings. They are particularly suitable for spaces with intricate design requirements, such as museum displays or architectural features.
3. Surface-Mounted Clamps:
Surface-mounted clamps, also known as base or saddle clamps, are designed to attach directly to the surface or edge of the supporting structure. These clamps typically have a saddle-shaped design that securely holds the glass in place without the need for drilling holes in the glass panel.
- Easy and straightforward installation process.
- Can accommodate a wide range of glass thicknesses.
- Suitable for both indoor and outdoor applications.
- Offers excellent stability and weight-bearing capacity.
- Requires visible fixing points on the surface, which may impact the overall aesthetic appeal.
- Can restrict the view through the glass due to the presence of the clamp on the surface.
- May require additional supports for larger glass panels to ensure structural integrity.
Surface-mounted clamps are commonly used in applications where functionality and stability are prioritized over aesthetics, such as balconies, decks, or outdoor staircases. They are also suitable for environments where drilling into the glass is not preferred, such as laminated or tempered glass.
4. Top-Rail-Mounted Clamps:
Top-rail-mounted clamps, as the name suggests, are designed to attach to the top rail of the glass railing system. These clamps provide a secure connection between the glass panels and the rail, ensuring stability and safety.
- Easy installation process by attaching the clamp to the pre-existing top rail.
- Provides additional structural support for the glass panels.
- Can be used in combination with other clamp types for enhanced stability.
- Offers a streamlined and continuous look when used with a frameless glass railing system.
- Requires a top rail as part of the overall glass railing system design.
- May limit design options and flexibility due to the need for a continuous top rail.
- The visibility of the clamp attachment on the rail may impact the desired aesthetic appeal.
Top-rail-mounted clamps are commonly used in high-traffic areas or applications where extra support and safety are required, such as public spaces, airports, or commercial buildings. They are also suitable for projects where a framed glass railing system is preferred.
Right Clamp for Glass Railing Ensures Big Safety and Aesthetics
Choosing the right clamp for glass railing system is crucial to ensuring both safety and aesthetics. Point-mounted clamps offer a sleek and minimalistic look, while standoff clamps provide a unique floating effect. Surface-mounted clamps prioritize functionality and stability, while top-rail-mounted clamps provide additional structural support. Understanding the characteristics, installation methods, and suitability of each type of clamp will help you make an informed decision for your specific application. Whether you are designing a residential balcony or a commercial building, selecting the appropriate clamp will ensure a secure, visually appealing, and long-lasting glass railing system.


Since the Tohoku Earthquake 2011 still much remains to be rebuilt and progress is slow. The EBC Railway Committee believes that in rural areas the train station plays a vital role and an increased focus on a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system will weaken communications and communities alike. The EBC, with its particular expertise in urban planning and rail technology, believes that a Light Rail Transit (LRT) system should be introduced.
Moreover, the EBC believes that the EU-Japan FTA/EPA should enable Japan to work jointly with Europe to promote open integrated systems built on harmonised standards. Furthermore under the FTA/EPA, test data from internationally recognised certification bodies should be accepted without further delay and references from Europe should be fully recognised and accepted.


Pipes are hollow cylinders that transport fluids and gases. Commonly used in industrial settings, pipes can transport liquids over long distances, or for irrigation purposes in agriculture. They are used in commercial buildings and homes, and are also used as exhaust pipes in cars, and for other engines and stoves to carry smoke and fumes out of enclosed areas.
Origins of Plumbing
The term plumbing comes from the Latin word for lead��plumbum, which until recently was the material of choice for pipes for many centuries. Because it was discovered that lead is toxic if ingested, virtually all plumbing is now lead-free.
Plumbing, in some form, has existed for centuries, with the first pipes being made of clay and straw. Regardless of the changes in materials and technology, the purpose has remained the same: to provide clean drinking water to homes and a pressurized waste removal system.
The first step in any plumbing job is to decide where the pipes will go, which is dependent on where the home fixtures will be located. It will be necessary to lay the pipe in relation to:
- Where they will be vented
- Where they will drain (the sewer or septic system)
- The water supply system (cold water storage and hot water heater).
Next the drain, waste, and vent system must be installed with a series of increasingly large pipes that are placed so as to work with gravity to drain waste out of the house. The placement of additional pipes may be needed to accommodate laundry rooms, extra bathrooms, outside sprinkler systems, even hot tubs and swimming pools.
Sometimes, pipes will make funny banging and knocking noises while in use. The most frequent cause of this is called water hammer, which occurs when water is suddenly turned off and excess pressure is created. This can damage pipes and joints over time, and can be corrected with water hammer arresters. Faulty toilet valves and faucet washers are often to blame, as well as water pressure problems.
There are ways to diagnose all these problems and also ways to fix them yourself. The Internet has a wealth of information on all matters concerning plumbing installation, maintenance, repairs, as well as access to buying different types of pipes, the needed accessories, how-to advice, and troubleshooting tips.


LEGENDS OF THE STONE
Nothing required greater craftsmanship than the building of stone bridges: a difficult and at times dangerous work.
The Peloponnese is renowned for its characteristic architecture: strong fortifications—symbols of power—that crown the hills of its towns, stone-built houses with tiled roofs, churches and monasteries, arch stone bridges, not to mention the many preserved masterpieces of Greek architecture from the medieval and Byzantine era. Those distinctive built forms, spread loosely across the region, largely attest to an “architecture of use”; where aesthetics and functionality blissfully coexist.
During the Turkish Rule, the term “Mastorochoria” [translated into “The Craftsmen Villages”] appeared. It referred to several mountainous villages located in admittedly the barren and rugged parts of central Peloponnese, whose populations could not live off the land. It was that scarcity of natural resources that prompted the villagers to resort to the profession of building in order to ensure their survival.
Three villages claimed credit for mastering the art of stone building: Tsakonia (in Kynouria), Kloukinochoria* (in Kalavryta) and Lagkadia (in Gortynia); all located in areas of high altitude. The most known was the village of Lagkadia, also known as the “hanging village”, with its three-storey houses built in the 13th cent. on a steep slope of mountain Mainalos. By the end of the 19th cent., the self-taught, highly skilled Lagkadian builders had managed to dominate the whole of the Peloponnese with thousands of buildings bearing their mark. Their talent and technique in the carving of the stone had made them famous not only in the territory, but all over Greece, where they travelled to built villages, bridges and churches.
*The craftsmen of Kloukinochoria lost their privilege in 1890, when they resettled in the coastal part of Achaia to become land workers; an apparently more lucrative profession.
A typical building assignment would require a crew of approximately 10 craftsmen, 10 apprentices and 10-15 animals, mules and donkeys, that would carry the basic materials—sand, water, stones—and the tools. First priority was for those lower in rank to head out to the Arcadian mountains to retrieve the stones needed for the construction.
The team would then travel on foot for several days. Once they had arrived at their destination, their employer would initiate the foundations of the building by killing a rooster for good luck. The head-builder would negotiate the price to include or exclude food for the crew, that would work for days on end to deliver the project on time. Upon finishing the construction, the crew would place a wooden cross on the roof and wish the owner of the building well.
The building of an arch stone bridge was a well thought-out undertaking, from start to finish. In order to decide on its location, the craftsmen had first to examine the stability of the ground for the foundations, find the narrowest passage of the river and take into account the direction of the road it would facilitate. Although the foundation and the building of the arch were the most difficult parts of the construction, the choice of the season was often the determining factor, given that the success of the project relied heavily on the water level, the currents and the unexpected floods. The construction would start from both sides of the arch with two crews working simultaneously and sometimes alternating. As they would slowly move toward the top of the construction, they would place the keystone in the middle of the arch which would hold the bridge together and prevent it from collapsing.
Bibliography: Constantinopoulos, C. (1987), The internship in the companies of builders of the Peloponnese. General Secretariat for Youth.
Written by Marianna Avouri


New England VERC applies engineering and improvement methods to important healthcare problems so that the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) can efficiently, effectively, and reliably provide exceptional care to Veterans. As one of four Veterans Engineering Resource Centers (VERCs) nationally, we also train VHA staff and the next generation of professionals in improvement methods as they apply to healthcare. New England VERC is a multidisciplinary program collaborating with academics, researchers, clinicians, and operations staff to improve the way work is done on local, regional, and national levels.
Some examples of our recent and ongoing improvements include:
New England VERC balances project priorities among a number of different customers and levels of the VHA organization including: national priorities, VISN strategic goals and needs, and local facility projects. Potential projects are prioritized from carefully selected criteria shown below.


For a little over 10 years, the United States Green Building Council (USGBC) has proposed a new standard for building con struction focused on stronger energy efficiency and environmental standards. Known as the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, the USGBC’s LEED program has grown to include of 14,000 projects in the United States. The program itself is based on a rating system that allows new and renovated buildings to achieve certain degrees of LEED from ‘certified’ to ‘silver’ to ‘platinum’ depending on the number of criteria that are me t in six standard categories .
As with any new system, LEED has experienced its share of growing pains as it has gone through continual refinement to meet the nuances and challenges that are found throughout the vast array of building projects throughout the world. Recently, the USGBC released its most advanced latest revision, LEED 2009, which incorporates rules for a wide variety of circumstances and attempts to achieve a baseline focus on not just things such as energy efficient appliances, but the overall holistic lifestyle approach to the building design and its operations. Ensuring such things such as shower facilities for bikers and low maintenance landscaping, LEED has always been concerned with and understands that the user experience is also at the heart of an energy efficient building.
However, the strength and credibility of the LEED program has grown with the current economic crisis. A number of Federal Government American Recovery and Reinvestment Act grant applications have now required construction and building upgrades to achieve some level of LEED certification. Local and state governments are continually subsidizing and providing rebates for projects specifically certified by the LEED system.
However, many have been critical of the fact that LEED is not strong enough to meet the impending dangers of climate change. Perhaps in one of the most bold moves in the history of construction law for the state, Massachusetts is currently discussing a requirement that all construction projects, new or renovated, will often require some level of stringent energy efficient certification. Known as the ‘Stretch Energy Code”, all construction over 5,000 sq. ft., would inherently lower its total energy consumption an average of 40% when compared to current state code.
This isn’t good news to all. The Homebuilders Association views the measure as rash, potentially raising the cost of projects an additional $10,000 – money that the current economy can’t handle in the first place. The legitimate concerns call for a more nuanced approach, the respects all levels of sustainability, from environmental to economic.
Regardless of the specific actions taken, the news is promising as government policy, however slow, begins to catch up to the needs of the environment and the needs of the growing public concerned with our role in the world.


A Key to Successful Transportation Systems
Sustainable communities cannot be built upon automobile-centered transportation systems. Land-use, economic, ownership and energy costs required are excessive, even with projected 150 mpg cars. More central, however, is their inherent tendency towards dispersal of our communities and isolation of our lives.
Non-auto-centered transportation systems have two basis requirements for success. They must be able to provide more freedom, convenience, and quality of transportation than the automobile has offered. They must also be able to reduce the negative aspects of an auto-centered culture such as the economic costs, pollution, rush-hour congestion, driving stress, land use impacts, and the hassles of car buying, servicing, parking, and selling.
Pedestrian Pockets, Transit-Oriented-Developments, and Ecological Communities will not become viable community options until they can realize the significant financial, land use, and construction savings and gain the closer physical connectivity attainable from major reduction in the amount of land devoted to automobile movement and storage.
Merely adding public transit to our existing auto-based communities also raises rather than lowers overall transportation costs. Car ownership and associated costs are not significantly reduced, nor are the hidden costs of residential and commercial space devoted to car access and parking. Transit is consequently used less than optimally, and becomes an investment in addition to rather than in place of the automobile system.
An effective integrated transportation system uses each mode of transportation for its appropriate benefits, and allows users to effortlessly move from one to another. Air travel is used for over-water and transcontinental trips, high speed rail for regional movement, bus or light rail for inner city and interurban travel. Bicycle and pedestrian travel is used for short and unencumbered trips. Taxis, jitneys, vans, and Rentalls are used for dispersed, off-hour, assisted, and inclement weather destinations and travel.
Most basic is avoidance of need for transportation - creating environments and location of activities so we minimize the need to get away from them or to use means other than walking to access them.
Transportation system design needs to recognize that once an automobile is at hand, and particularly once a person is in an automobile, its convenience makes shifts to other modes unlikely, and gives no premium to proximity of destinations. Real improvement in transportation needs to make alternatives to the automobile available to us before an automobile is at hand.
One of the smaller yet vital elements necessary for the success of these new patterns is a new approach to automobile rentals - or more accurately, "Rent-alls" of all vehicle types. Where our automobile needs can be reduced to an occasional level of use, ownership becomes less important than the actual availability, convenience, and cost of having cars when needed. A hassle-free rental system can offer freedom from the costs and physical space commitments that car ownership entails.
* * *
Rentalls are public-transit-linked vehicle rentals, providing a range of vehicle types and conditions of vehicles, accessible at all primary transit hubs and stations. A successful Rentall system contains a number of elements different from conventional car rentals:
* Automated, instant and hassle-free rental process directly integrated in primary transit stops, air, rail and bus terminals.
* Reservation and confirmation of vehicle availability from home, transit stop, or enroute on transit systems. If desired vehicle is not immediately available at the desired stop, the closest alternate location is given before the transit trip is started.
* "Transit Card" operation serving all modes of transit including vehicle rental, eliminating cash and i.d. problems, permitting discounts, and giving users accurate total costing of their transportation use and providing monthly information access to users.
* "Gas Pump" car insurance, if available in the state, reducing insurance costs and separating driving insurance from ownership of vehicles.
* Rentals available on an hourly, daily, or weekly basis, with charges set on a combined time-mileage basis. Including fuel costs eliminates "tank-refilling" issues and provides incentive for fuel economy.
* A range of available vehicle types, ages, and service conditions - including bicycles and hand carts.
Adding neighborhood Rentall vehicle rental facilities to transit stops creates significant advantages and new opportunities:
* The ability to access dispersed destinations through a transit-centered system is enhanced, increasing ridership levels.
* Both neighborhood residents and transit users have the opportunity to select different vehicles - subcompacts, convertibles, luxury sedans, pickups, vans,etc. - depending on each specific trip need.
* Car rental costs and storage needs are reduced through balancing weekday and workhour rental needs with evening and weekend uses.
* Automation of the rental process and reduction of "esthetic servicing" (wash and vacuum) between each use permits dispersal of rental locations for convenient neighborhood access.
* Different age and condition of vehicles can be chosen - rent-a-wreck, standard car rental, rent-a-Rolls - with commensurate cost savings.
* Economies of scale lower costs and omit hassles of private vehicle purchase, maintenance, and operation.
* Market development opportunities are created for 150 mpg urban cars, or electric vehicles charged from off-hour hydroelectric flows.
* Second-car ownership needs and costs can be drastically impacted, and primary car ownership to a lesser degree by making vehicle rental accessible, affordable, and hassle-free.
* Demand for single- and multi-car garages and driveway space on residential properties can be reduced. Existing garages can be converted to income-producing rental apartments.
* Parking areas at transit stops and in commercial area can be reduced, as "commuter" cars are re-rented during working day for "shoppers" and "day-trippers".
* Parking congestion on city streets can be lessened.
* Mobility for low-income families can be improved and costs lowered.
An integrated transportation system, with convenient linkages between modes, and utilizing both the ease and cost savings of public transit and the flexibility of car rental can offer real advantages to all kinds of transportation users:
* Central city residents can live their whole life without owning a car. Use of taxies as well as public transit daily, and car rental for special trip needs can still offer considerable savings as well as convenience in areas where residential parking spaces cost $10- $50,000 and vandalism and car insurance costs make car ownership a headache.
* Suburban commuters can depend on transit commuting, with the assurance that in-town cars are readily and affordably available if needed for mid-day errands or changes in plans.
* We can travel to unfamiliar destinations by plane, train, and transit, with the security of knowing that vehicles will be available when and where wanted for specific needs.
* Business travelers can use public transit totally for all but dispersed destinations, allowing travel time to be used for work, rest or relaxation, while having vehicles conveniently available to reach dispersed destinations.
* Transit-Oriented-Development residents can avoid all but foot and bicycle transportation for most needs, eliminating car ownership, and yet having a variety of vehicles available when need for their use arises.
Incrementally, a move is beginning towards Rentalls. A San Francisco condominium keeps a fleet of rental cars for its residents. Europeans are developing car-sharing cooperatives. Tourists in Europe can now get a Eurailpass for rail travel between cities combined with car rentals in individual cities. A transportation system, however, must give assurance of systemwide Rentall availability to gain the real benefits of such services.
38755 Reed Rd.
Nehalem OR 97131 USA
© August 1993


By Jack Ward, CEO of Soltra Energy
One of the objectives demanded by many supporters of modern, sustainable buildings is carbon neutrality. Carbon neutral buildings are engineered to release no greenhouse gasses at all or to balance the emissions they produce using trade-offs.
These emissions usually come from electricity consumption, the burning of fossil fuels, on-site waste water treatment and a range of other processes that might be performed in the building. Key to reducing emissions is the use of renewable energy resources, of which one of the most popular and prolific is solar power.
Solar power is a clean sustainable energy technology drawing on the most plentiful and widely distributed renewable energy source – the sun. Solar power is seen as an ideal complement to the classical building design goals of economy, utility, durability and comfort.
Despite any official encouragement or support for roof-top solar installations in South Africa, many architects are realising the benefits associated with designing buildings that follow energy efficiency guidelines.
Today, architects are increasingly likely to design buildings for residential, commercial and industrial use that readily integrate solar photovoltaic (PV) panels – together with their power inverters and batteries – thereby increasing the efficiency and reliability of the installations.
Before setting out to design a ‘solar friendly’ building, it’s important for architects as well as the contractor, engineers, electricians, roofers and other installers associated with the project to have a clear understanding of the responsibilities of each party in the building process.
They also need to have specific details of the energy yield objectives associated with the project. These usually include goals for the reduction of grid-linked energy consumption to a point approaching zero.
The main starting point is to determine the maximum power that is required to be generated. Power is related to size and the designer has thus to allow for a certain number of solar PV modules to achieve a given energy output. Will there enough surface area available to install a given size PV array?
In this light, the integration of solar PV panels can be done with a view to optimising the aesthetics of the structure for a more cosmetically-pleasing result. Many examples exist of the ‘ex post facto’ connection of PV panels resulting in a distinct lack of aesthetic integrity.A good rule of thumb is that the colour and texture of the PV system should be consistent with all other materials with which it is associated.
Taking the concept a step further, the entire appearance of the building should be consistent with the PV system used. In a traditional building, for example, a tile-type solar PV system will often be more visually appealing than large modules which, on the other hand, may well suit a modern, high-tech construction.
Integrating PV systems into roofing structures is better done at the design phase when the slope of the roof can be angled optimally and attention can be paid to the strength of supporting structures. Ideally the roof should accommodate an additional loading of 20 to 25 kilograms per square metre to adequately and safely support PV panels (without tilt-tracking mechanisms).
One of the benefits of designing a green building from the outset is the optimisations that can be made in the electrical infrastructure. Essential and non-essential circuitry (from a solar perspective) can be designed and then installed at the construction phase in a simplified process, compared to a retro-fit.
For example, burglar alarms, outside lighting and key main lights inside the building can be treated as essential and given priority, while swimming pool pumps, air conditioning and similar systems can be treated as non-essential. This becomes a key exercise, especially when battery backup and storage is to be included in the design.
Solar PV systems can be attached to facades, sunshades, louvers and canopies. There is a logical combination between shading a building in summer and producing electricity at the same time. Architects who recognise this have produced examples of solar PV shading systems for entrance protection, and many analogous systems for similar applications.
Solar PV systems can also be part of the thermal envelope of a building. One of the by-products of solar energy production is heat radiating from the back of the solar cells which can be channelled and put to good use for winter heating, particularly if provision is made at the design phase.
While solar systems have been used in many applications there are still countless new ways to be developed – a number of which are sure to lead to new architectural models possibly in combination with other types of renewable energy resources.


Concrete moulding is a heavy moment in the building process and for a long time contractors have used an admixture to create a concrete that is easier to handle. However many hours of work and heavy moments has been required. After laser levelling, vibrating, screeding and troweling a surface that is almost flat has been obtained. Yet not flat enough to eliminate floor levelling and thereby avoiding bending parquet flooring or curved plastic flooring.
Self-compacting concrete (SCC), or vibrating free concrete as it was named in the beginning, was developed in the eighties in Japan and showed up in Sweden in the late nineties. It is a concrete that contains an admixture and filler that together makes the concrete flow under its own weight, completely filling the formwork and achieving full compaction, even in the presence of congested reinforcement. SCC is approximately 10-15 % more expensive than traditional concrete but is motivated with faster construction times, fewer workers and an improved work environment.
Since SCC just about flows the resulting surface becomes almost perfect. Experience shows that surfaces are nearly perfect after laser levelling, screeding and dry smoothing. Despite the advantages of the flat surfaces and the established improvement on the work environment, AB Färdig Betong in Karlstad, Sweden has only delivered SCC to eight projects since 1997.
The aim of this degree thesis is to determine if SCC can be motivated based on the flat surfaces that can be obtained after moulding compared to traditional concrete.
The degree thesis has been performed in cooperation with Skanska Sverige AB in Karlstad, Sweden at their two projects with SCC in spring 2006. The measurement of SCC surfaces was made in Färjestad, Karlstad and reference measurements of traditional concrete was made in Karlstad and surroundings. The measurement have been complemented with interviews that present experience of producing, delivering, receiving, moulding and after treating SCC.
The requirements for on site moulding concrete surfaces that are to be followed are found in Hus AMA 98 and is defined as curve, rake and level variance. The result from the measurements are judged on the basis of the requirements.
Correctly performed SCC can create a surface that fulfils the requirements in Hus AMA 98 for a class B floor.
The use of SCC in larger housing constructions makes conditions for a lower total cost. This is based principally on fewer workers, faster construction times and less after treatment of the moulded surfaces.
The confirmed possibilities of improved surfaces after moulding should mean that more contractors will use SCC in the future.


Pro Polish Australia recognises the need for quality floors in the commercial and residential industry. We specialise in creating beautiful, durable concrete polished floors for both commercial and residential clients servicing all areas of Queensland, NSW and beyond.
Our team are fully-trained and experienced in the latest concrete polishing systems. Using the latest equipment and technology we continuously up skill and educate our employees to be at the forefront of the industry and use only the Husqvarna HIPERFLOOR® mechanical polishing system for mechanical floor polishing, as we are convinced the HIPERFLOOR® delivers the best results!
With sound planning and implementation to ensure minimal downtime and working in with project timeframes. We are all sure our floors will add value to your property.
Contact us today to arrange a no-obligation quotation and to discuss the ideal concrete polishing solution for your project.
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Molybdenum Rod with Threaded Molybdenum Threaded Rod
The load capacity of the screw can be calculated using engineering principles and formulas. Load capacity is usually determined based on the strength of the material, the size and pitch of the threads, and the length of the rod. Here is a simplified overview of the calculation process:
1. Determine material strength: The load capacity of a screw is affected by the tensile strength of the material it is made of. Tensile strength is a measure of the maximum stress a material can withstand when stretched or pulled before breaking. This value is usually provided by the material manufacturer.
2. Consider thread engagement: Load capacity is also affected by the length of the threaded portion of the rod and the engagement of the threads with mating components. The longer the meshing length, the higher the load capacity.
3. Calculate the effective area: The load capacity is related to the effective cross-sectional area of the screw. For standard screws, the effective area is calculated based on the thread root diameter.
4. Apply Engineering Formulas: Load capacity can be calculated using the tensile stress formula, which is the applied force divided by the cross-sectional area. Load capacity is usually determined as a fraction of the material's tensile strength, taking into account safety and other considerations.
It is important to note that the calculation of screw load capacity involves complex engineering principles and considerations and is typically performed by a qualified engineer or professional with expertise in mechanical design and materials science. In addition, specific industry standards and specifications can provide guidance in determining the load capacity of screws in different applications.
Depending on the specific requirements of the project and the nature of the load-bearing connection, threaded rods can be used as a replacement for bolts in certain applications. Here are some factors to consider when deciding whether to use threaded rods instead of bolts:
1. Threaded rods are typically used in applications that require long fasteners to connect two structural elements, such as construction, bracing, or suspension systems. In this case, the screw can be cut to the required length, allowing it to be flexibly adapted to various distances between the connecting parts.
2. Threaded rod can be used to create custom length fasteners by cutting them to the required size, whereas bolts usually come in specific lengths. This flexibility may be advantageous in certain construction or manufacturing projects.
3. Threaded rods are typically used in applications where connections require nuts on both ends to allow adjustment or tensioning of the connection. This is particularly useful in applications where fine-tuned connections are required.
4. Bolts are typically used in applications where a specific length and head style are required for a specific fastening application. Bolts are often used with nuts and washers to create a secure and precise connection.
When deciding whether to use threaded rods instead of bolts, it is important to consider the specific requirements of the application, including load-bearing capacity, environmental conditions, and the need for adjustability or customization. Additionally, you must ensure that the fasteners selected comply with relevant industry standards and specifications for the intended application.
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E-mail : email@example.com


Water Softening Plant
Our staff is specialized in manufacturing and exporting the entire collection of Water Softening Plant. Offered water treatment plants are considered as the easiest way of eliminating hardness from the water and making it pure for drinking purpose. Our clients can avail the plants for removing the hardness of the water. The Water Softening Plant is well known for its longer service and user-friendly design. Apart from this, we also provide customization facilities to our respected customers with respect to their strength and durability features.
- Automatic regeneration of water
- Easy to operate
- Consume less space


High-speed rail is the technology of the future, always has been, always be. For the last 40 years, many states have had plans for rail lines they'd like to build sometime in the next 5-10 years. The hype about intercity high-speed rail has picked up again lately with the Disneyland-Las Vegas line Harry Reid would like to see built, and the $8 billion in the stimulus bill for High-Speed rail projects.
While many rail advocates think we should build these lines no matter the cost, high-speed rail is not going to become a major form of transport in this country anytime soon because it is so expensive to build and most cities can't provide the ridership for frequent service. A more realistic attempt to build up rail at the expense of highway traffic would be to focus on freight, and get the trucks off the road. Phillip Longman at Washington Monthly has a good idea on how to do this.


ARTICLE Donna Blaber First published in Renovate magazine
As of March 2012 any structural work or work that affects the weathertightness of a residential building such as load bearing walls, foundations, roofing and cladding, is now classified as Restricted Building Work and must be completed or supervised by a Licensed Building Practitioner. That is, a person registered with the government’s Building and Housing Department.
Most building plans that require building consent from local council are examples of Restricted Building Work, with the exception of kitchen installation and pool fences. As a basic rule of thumb, if it doesn’t involve work to the home’s primary structure or weathertightness, then it is not Restricted Building Work.
The new rules are part of the Building and Housing Department's Build It Right campaign to improve the quality of building and renovating homes, and to avert disasters such as leaky building syndrome. Only work completed by Licensed Building Practitioners will only be issued with a Code of Compliance. Now, if an unlicensed builder, sub-contractor or designer carries out restricted work, or supervises the work, then he/she could be fined up to $20,000.
There are seven licence classes: designers, builders/carpenters, external plasterers, bricklayers and blocklayers, foundation specialists, roofers and on-site supervisors or managers. Meanwhile, architects, gasfitters, plumbers, electricians, drainlayers and chartered engineers which are registered with their own professional authority are already considered licensed.
Homeowners can easily check whether or not tradespeople are registered, as all professionals will carry an identification card. For more information on the rules visit: www.builditright.govt.nz


In construction engineering, communication is central. It ensures that both the client and the civil engineer are on the same page as long as the construction is concerned. This prevents potential chaos or fights, which leads to wastage of time and resources. When seeking for these contractors, it is always important to ensure that they can communicate effectively and in details. When there are good communication tools, the project is likely to run smoothly between the client, the workers and the project manager. The chain of command is often manifested from high above, until the last worker in the project gets to know or understand the command or the changes made. Go to the website to know more on the points to ponder when selecting hydraulic engineer.
Still in communications, the element includes listening together with others. Thus, the contractor should be in a position to listen to the client effectively, with no major hitches. This makes it possible for the will and the desires of the client to be reflected positively on the project. Some of the project owners have weird expectations when putting up a construction. The structural engineer should be in a position to guide the client or the project owner through the facts and common myths. This prevents any chances of misunderstandings, which might stall the project.
Connections A reliable hydraulic engineer Brisbane ought to be familiar with all other related industry in the structural construction process. This enables the client to automatically enjoy such cordial relationship among the suppliers of the relevant materials required in the industry. This saves both time and resources which could have been used to look for these sub contractors. Time should however be taken to understand the nature and qualifications of these sub contractors and if they are fit to ensure high integrity in the construction process is maintained.
In a construction, there are some laws which must be followed and adhered to. This ensures that all the local constructions rules and regulations are adhered to civil engineer in Brisbane. This means that one has to take and fill the relevant paperwork as required by law. Sometimes it is hard for a mere person to know and understand the importance of these laws. This is where a well connected contractor steps in. He takes over the paperwork and fills all the required and necessary laws, prior to the construction kicks off. This saves a person from possible legal wrangles with the relevant departments.
Insurance Much as we would all like to hire the cheapest consulting engineering firm, we have to look into the risks that we take when we hire uninsured contractors. This means that all liabilities which might arise in the course of constructions will be reflected the account of the client, raising the total cost higher. Whoever, when a licensed and an insured contractor is hired, the risk of possible liabilities is often reduced significantly. Time should be taken to understand the services or areas that are covered by the insurance policy.
Qualifications: for a person to be called an engineer, he must have earned that name via relevant qualifications. Therefore, the contractor to be hired must have relevant qualifications in the industry. The reputation and the level of experience should also not be ignored.


What are the Light Cabin and Light Tunnel? For what purposes can they be used?
In what sizes are they made?
New Hungarian invention! Innovative and elegant appearance!
They have been specifically developed to facilitate paintless dent repair and the assessment of hail damage by insurance companies.
The Light Cabin and Light Tunnel solutions are made and supplied in uniquely efficient designs all over the world.
The Light Cabin is a structure equipped with a lighting system and internal surface finishing that make all the dents on vehicles having suffered hail damage apparent and evident. From any direction, damage caused by hailstorms, falling chestnuts, gales, vandalism and other reason can be excellently seen, marked, photographed and repaired. With the use of the Light Cabin, all the damage can be inspected and assessed with perfect accuracy, convenience and extraordinary quickness – without the need to make arrangements for re-assessments –, while an ideal environment and space is available for dent repairs.
The Light Cabin and Light Tunnel are made in lengths of 6, 7 and 8 meters, from galvanized metal elements painted in optional colours. It is a constructed structure to be used within buildings, i.e. indoors. If demanded, they can be produced in outdoor designs and special dimensions. They are equipped with doors and windows as demanded, but underfloor heating has to be installed by our customers, at their own costs. The power supply, as well as the construction of an evenly surfaced base of appropriate load-bearing capacity should also be provided by our customers.
Light Tunnel is a new solution with the additional advantage that after the assessment of the dents the hail-damaged car can be driven straight on to the next work area, for instance to the Light Cabin.
And our most novel developments are the Mobile Light Cabin and Mobile Light Tunnel!
This special opportunity is recommended to companies that physically follow hail storms, and perform the contracted paintless hail damage repair works at the site of the hail damage. The Mobile Light Cabin can be taken to any place, after the execution of repairs on even hundreds of hail-damaged cars, following the project it can be dismantled, and erected again at the following site of repairs.
Each version is 5-meter wide and 2.9-meter high, but for the outdoor version all the dimensions are a few centimeters larger (external dimensions).
The entrance opening is cc. 2.6-meters high and cc. 4.63-meters wide for all the versions.
See further details HERE!


The Dimensions, Inc. Process
To use a construction analogy, the foundation is the most important part of a structureÉif the foundation fails, the whole building fails. In that regard, the Programming phase is the foundational stage for the design of a building. If the ingredients are not successfully determined through programming, the design will certainly not reflect the proper direction.
During the Programming phase, Dimensions, Inc. meets with leadership and groups, as directed by the project representative, to determine wants, needs and goals for the organization as well as the facility. Issues such as future growth, finances, and actual space requirements are discussed. This information may be presented in written form, in a matrix, or in plan form depending on the size of the facility.
Schematic Design (SD)
Once the Program is established, the architect can begin preliminary layout of the building. With more input from the owner, a site plan and floor plan will emerge. Preferential styles will be discussed during Schematic Design to assist in shaping the exterior in regard to height, roof lines, exterior materials, windows, etc. All this work is typically done by hand in the form of sketches.
Dimensions, Inc. can provide the client with a preliminary cost estimate now that the square footage area of the facility is determined and a design is produced. This cost estimate is typically a cost-per-square-foot type of analysis based on industry trend and historical reference. It provides the client an estimate with a ÔballparkÕ degree of accuracy.
Design Development (DD)
During the Design Development stage, schematic sketches will be transformed into CAD drawings. These drawings might include a site plan, a floor plan with room names and sizes, and exterior elevations. More attention to door and window placements, mechanical & electrical concepts, structural concepts, and material selections will give the client a better understanding of their building. Although some preliminary code review will have been performed during SD, a more intensive code review during DD will reveal areas that may determine the construction materials, the need for sprinkler systems, ADA compliance, etc.
As the design takes shape to the clientÕs satisfaction, Dimensions, Inc. will typically provide a line item cost estimate to insure that the design is still financially feasible. Upon signed approval of the design and cost estimate, the project is now ready to go to the technical drawing stage.
Construction Documents (CD)
By this time in the process, most decisions should already have been made by the client. With clear direction, Dimensions, Inc. will proceed into the largest component of our services and begin creating technical documents. This phase involves intense coordination with consultants for mechanical, electrical, plumbing, kitchen (if applicable), sound (if applicable) and others. Dimensioned drawings with coordinated schedules and details, as well as a specification manual, are signed and sealed by the Architect and engineers upon completion. This allows them to be submitted for plan review by the proper authorities.
At the end of the CD phase, the itemized cost estimate created in DD is updated. This revised estimate will serve as a gauge against which to balance the actual construction bids. Dimensions, Inc. receives many compliments from contractors on the coordination quality of the construction documents. This is an aspect often overlooked when selecting a design professional.
Dimensions, Inc. will assist the Owner in bidding their project according to the desired construction delivery method (General Contractor, Construction Management, or Design/ Build). Bid Invitations are distributed, drawing distribution is coordinated, and Requests For Information (RFIÕs) are responded to by the Architect. Typically, a Pre-Bid Meeting at the site is scheduled to answer questions from contractors and to inform them of any special bidding requirements.
Dimensions, Inc. will require bidders to use proper AIA Documents for bidding. After bids are received, the Architect and/or Construction Manager will interview competitive bidders to qualify their bid and negotiate on the clientÕs behalf. Once the selection is made, AIA Contracts are executed between the Owner and Contractor(s). Dimensions, Inc.Õs level of involvement in the Bid Phase is dependent upon the clientÕs need for those services.
Construction Administration (CA)
Upon construction commencement, the Architect is responsible to inspect the site on a regular basis to insure compliance with the approved drawings. This is an invaluable service since inferior construction methods and substitute materials can slip past the untrained eye. Prior to subcontractors and suppliers ordering materials, the Architect will require product submittals and samples for critical items. Once reviewed, the products are approved or disapproved by the Architect based on their compliance with the plans and specifications.
Depending on the construction delivery method selected, the Architect will review each monthly Pay Application submitted by the Contractor(s). An on-site inspection will allow the Architect to compare quantities of completed work and stored materials against what the Contractor is requesting for payment. The Owner is notified if there are discrepancies or if everything seems to be accounted correctly.
Upon completion, the Architect will initiate close-out documents and requirements for the Contractor. A punch list is created to indicate items yet to be completed before final payment can be sought by the Contractor.
The terminology used in these descriptions is fairly standard in the architectural industry. However, the application of these standards is what sets Dimensions, Inc. apart by keeping the client involved and informed throughout the process.


- Sustainable Investment Projects, the Financial and Legal Procedures.
- Marketing strategies and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) practices to attract investments in ports.
- Diverse partnerships methodologies for investment projects.
- International law and legislation for supporting investments in port projects.
- Efficiency of the strategic planning as a cornerstone for investment decisions in ports.
- Modern management approaches for supply chain operations.
- Optimal utilization methodologies of port facilities, and the economic, funding, social, and operational performance measurements.
- Suez Canal Zone as a Promising Economical Hub.
- The expected impact of the Suez Canal new logistics zone on global trade.
- Investments and recent developments in the Suez Canal zone as a new logistics zone.
- Mechanisms for implementing the intermodal transport system in the Suez Canal area.
- Latest Innovations and Technology Development in Ports.
- Modern concepts implemented for port and ship safety and security.
- Facilitation of Trade & Maritime Traffic “FAL Convention”.
- Modeling and computing systems as a trend in maritime transportation.
- Smart ports modern technologies & applications.
- Internet of Things “IoT” applications in logistics & supply chain management.
- Big data concept for ports & terminals.
- Electronic trade applications and digitalization.
- Environmental Investment in Ports and the Economic Outcomes.
- Balancing environmental challenges with growing economic demands.
- Environmental impacts of port activities.
- Reducing port emissions from intermodal transport networks serving hinterlands.
- Modern energy resources alternatives in the maritime industry.
- The efficiency of ships and port management from an environmental perspective.
- Impact of modern international conventions and treaties on ports and ships industry.
- The Impact of Sustainable Investment in Ports and City Integration.
- Impact of ports logistics operations on hinterland transport.
- Transport means and networks between ports and hinterlands.
- Procedural integration between port communities and national, regional and international economic and commercial organizations.
- Investing in multimodal transport infrastructure in ports.
- Infrastructure and superstructures projects attracting global shipping lines.
- Capacity Building to Achieve Ports' Vision 2030.
- Competence and capacity building requirements for port workers.
- Educational aids and methodologies development trends, and port and maritime training.
- Consolidation and strengthening of women role in the port community according to sustainable development goals.
- Efficiency of ship and port management from environmental perspectives.
Best Practices (Success Stories) of Port Investment Matching 2030 Vision.
|| Media Partners


A garden must have a pathway leading to house or destination, keeping aside other paths. The main criteria for a good garden path are that it be a flat, dry, & pleasant looking passage way for people to walk through. A path with graceful & gentle curves will look much better aesthetically rather than a straight path.
These are made similar to gravel driveways, except that the foundation material used will be less.
The foundation of a brick path is made in the same way as that of a gravel path but leaving a space of about 5-7cm on the top for ashes or lime mortar & also the depth of the brick to be laid. The bricks chosen should be strong enough to withstand any kind of wear and tear, especially from heavy rainfall or other extreme weather conditions. If the bricks are laid below ground level, no cement will be required to join them. Many patterns can be put together for these pathways such as herring-bone or basket patterns. The inter spaces between the bricks are tightly packed with sand or with lime mortar if necessary.
These are very popular forms, especially in places where stone slabs are easily available, as these are permanent and last long as well. The stones should be 3-5cm in thickness & rectangular in shape. The foundation is made in the same way as for the gravel path. Over this, a layer of 5-7cm of ashes, topped with fine sand is placed & leveled. To make the path permanent, 5cm of cement mortar is used instead of ash.
Here stones and rock blocks of different sizes, colors & irregular shapes are used. Stones used here will be thin about 2- 3.5cm only. The foundation is made in a similar manner to that of the other pathways. Over this, about a 2.5cm thickness layer of fine sand or ash is put, and levelled properly. The paving is laid firmly. To make it permanent, the paving will be bedded over 2.5cm cement mortar. The spaces in between are filled with good sandy loam soil when cement is not used so that some rocky plants can be grown here.
It is necessary to have a hard surface for pathways which are subject to heavy wear and tear. But if a pathway is used for only morning and evening walk, and for much gentle use, the most desirable and attractive one will be a grass path. Paving stones are placed at 60cm intervals in a single row just below the ground level at the places where there will be maximum usage of the pathway. This will give a stepping stone kind of effect. Alternatively, 2 or 3 bricks can also be used to bring in a similar look. Under the Indian climatic conditions, doob grass will be the best suited of all.


The wind speed in the Betws area now is 5 mph, not enough to start the giant wind turbines (7 – 9 mph needed) so they are producing nothing as usual. They are therefore a total failure. Throughout Wales the wind industry is producing nothing, because the wind speed is only 5 – 9 mph. If the entire industry were demolished the grid would be better off, (much more stable) and there would be no difference to energy generation. Coal is being run flat out now, so the wind industry does not save on coal burning. Hydro is a pathetic 1.31%. It should be increased to essentially 100% as soon as possible.


Horsham, West Sussex
The proposed project involves the conversion of an existing barn, previously used to house cows, straw, and various farm equipment, into two separate dwellings. The owner intends to utilise the building to provide his son and himself with a new residence each, while also incorporating a shared heating system.
The conversion was approved under permitted development regulations, which permit the change of use from agricultural to residential. The conversion process presented several challenges due to the need to preserve as much of the existing structure as possible. The limited relative ground and floor levels, insulation requirements, and the creation of an upper floor all required careful consideration. The existing structure was partially underpinned and is presently undergoing excavation to stabilise the foundation.
The design of the new dwellings incorporates metal roofing, vertical timber cladding, high levels of insulation, wood-burning stoves, and a combined heating system. The client requested tall windows on the front elevation to maximise natural light penetration.


Traditional sources of potable water supply for communities on the Eyre Peninsula were under severe threat due to predicted reductions in licences for water extraction from local groundwater basins and extended periods of below average rainfalls. SA Water was selected to construct a 90 kilometre pipeline from Iron Knob to Kimba (an associated infrastructure), to provide a potable water supply to these communities.
Nova Systems was engaged by SA Water to provide overall project management services, included participation in the procurement process, with early contractor engagement to help quickly identify and resolve potential difficulties. The proposed pipeline route traversed the Lake Gilles Conservation Park and through consultation with stakeholders, Nova Systems developed and implemented an Environmental plan to minimise any environmental effects during construction.
Nova Systems also liaised with construction stakeholders, focusing on project scope, cost and programming of electricity upgrade works required to power connections for the pump stations along the pipeline route as well as downstream along existing distribution routes for small pump stations. These meetings were highly important to the project’s success due to the fast tracking of its roll out and the long lead times associated with procurement of materials and equipment required for the upgrade works.
This project highlighted the importance of:
- Trying to avoid unnecessary fast tracking;
- Ensuring early contractor involvement is outcome based utilising appropriate incentives to ensure active participation;
- Minimising movement/changes of staffing by design consultants; and
- Reiterating the communication guidelines during all stages of the project to ensure communication channels are used effectively.


/Women are standing on top of the dam construction site and city of New Ilisu where construction are being built and resort hotel for the hot springs. image © Mathias Depardon/
Mathias Depardon is a documentary photographer based in Istanbul. One of his important and still very relevant projects is Gold Rivers. In Gold Rivers, Depardon presents the story of Hasankeyf, a village located in the province of Batman in Southeast Turkey.
It is an ancient town and district alongside the Tigris river, and the only place in the world that gathers nine of the ten criteria to be considered worldwide heritage by the UNESCO.
/A herd of cattle are walking back towards the village by the banks of the Tigris river. The river is predominant in the life of the inhabitants of the region of Hasankeyf/
However the Turkish government has accomplished no efforts these last years to offer its inclusion to the organization or to promote tourism in the region. The key reason for this lack of initiative, as Depardon explains in the project, is that the efforts hired by the state would harm the Ilisu Dam project that is supposed to entirely flood Hasankeyf along with 52 other villages and 15 small towns until the end of 2016.
Construction of the dam began in 2006 and is expected to be finished this year. The dam has drawn international controversy, because it will flood portions of Hasankeyf and necessitate the relocation of people living in the region.
/A tourist boat tour is visiting the former Savaçan Village flooded by the reservoir lake of the Birecik Dam on the Euphrates river/
This hydroelectric dam is part of the GAP (The Anatolia Project of southeast Turkey), which is one of the most important territory planning project in Turkey: it concerns eight provinces and will irrigate 1,7 million dry hectares of earth from 22 dams fed by waters of the Tigris and the Euphrates.
With all the environmental and social risks, there are additional political risks. The dam was severely criticized in effect by the neighboring countries of Iraq and Syria who accuse Turkey of appropriating waters of two rivers running to the south of their territories, hit by dryness.
/The Ilisu dam project will destroy 400 kilometers of the Tigris ecosystem and force the relocation of about 60,000 people. Local girls from the village of Hasankeyf are meeting over a çay together/
“Water levels are at a record low because Turkey is taking more than a fair share”, Shorooq al-Abayachi, deputy head of the Iraqi parliament’s agriculture and water committee, said at the time.
In the absence of definite agreement with Iraq and Syria, the building of Ilisu dam constitutes a violation of international law.
/Kids playing in the Devegeçidi reservoir dam. The Dam is one of the 22 dams of the Southeastern Anatolia Project of Turkey/
If it will be finished, the dam will flood 80% of the ancient monuments of Hasankeyf and destroy a unique historical site where a mix of Assyrian, Roman and Ottoman monuments belong.
The Turkish government still sticks to the argument that it will bring means to the poor region – to develop its economy, notably by allowing the creation of 10,000 jobs.
/View on the reservoir lake of the Birecik Dam on the Euphrates river. As part of the Southeastern Anatolia Project, aka GAP, several dams were constructed in the area and surrounding regions as part of a larger agricultural and economic initiative by the Turkish Government/
The construction of the dam is continued in a violent and unsecure environment. Early in 2015, the PKK guerilla (the workers’ party of Kurdistan) destroyed machines and a pipe from the construction site.
The governmental response was an increase of the militarization of the site, adding 600 soldiers to the 1,000 soldiers already located at the site.
/Local tourists visiting the village of Halfeti partly flooded by the reservoir lake of the Birecik Dam on the Euphrates river.The dam was built on top of the ruins of the ancient city of Zeugma. The inhabitants of Halfeti and Savaçan were displaced to the city of Karaotlak (also called New Halfeti) built by the Housing Development Administration of Turkey/
The intensified opposition to the project by the local population forced the companies to hire non-local workers. On 20th of October last year, a Global Hasankeyf Action Day against the Ilisu Dam was held.
It was also the a beginning of a new campaign that aims to declare Hasankeyf a UNESCO world heritage site, together with the Iraqi marshes.
Yet the construction of the dam is about to be completed. Civil society and activists worries are very high regarding the threats on peace the dam is going to represent.
Once effective, it will be forcing thousands of Kurdistan villagers to move to the cities while there is a high risk it will provoke water shortages for irrigation in the Iraqi valleys.
//all photos © Mathias Depardon//
The result may be a vicious circle where water shortages exacerbate the conflict, in turn blunting resource management.
Conflicts over water have long haunted the Middle East. Yet in the current fighting in Iraq and Syria, the major dams on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers are seen not just as strategic targets but also as powerful weapons of war.
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For more on Mathias Depardon and his photography, visit his official website. To read more about Gold Rivers project, visit The Story Institute. To find out more about Ilisu Dam and the current state of it, visit EJ Atlas.