Drilling into concrete may seem like a daunting task, but with the right tools, technique, and a little patience, it can be achieved by both professionals and DIY enthusiasts alike. In this article, we will guide you through the process of drilling into concrete, discussing the best practices and providing you with expert advice on how to get the job done right. Whether you’re hanging shelves, installing a fence post, or attaching a bracket, follow these steps to learn how to drill into concrete safely and efficiently.
1. Choose the Right Concrete Drill and Bit
The first step in drilling concrete is to choose the appropriate concrete drill and bit for the job. For most tasks, a hammer drill or rotary hammer drill will be ideal. These tools are specifically designed for drilling into concrete, as they use a combination of rotation and percussive force to break through the tough material.
When selecting a drill bit, opt for a carbide-tipped masonry bit, which is specifically designed for drilling into concrete. Ensure the bit is the correct size for your project, as using a bit that is too small or too large may result in an improperly drilled hole.
2. Mark Your Drilling Spot
Before drilling into concrete, it’s essential to mark the exact spot where you want to create the hole. Use a pencil or a piece of chalk to make a clear and visible mark on the concrete surface. This will help ensure that you drill the hole in the correct location and minimize the risk of damage to the surrounding concrete.
3. Prepare Your Workspace and Safety Gear
Safety should always be your top priority when drilling into concrete. Before you begin, clear your workspace of any obstacles and debris that may pose a hazard. Additionally, ensure you have the proper safety gear, including safety goggles, ear protection, a dust mask, and gloves.
4. Set Your Concrete Drill to the Correct Mode
When using a hammer drill or rotary hammer drill, make sure to set it to the correct mode for drilling into concrete. This typically involves selecting the hammering or percussion mode, which enables the drill to effectively break through the concrete material.
5. Begin Drilling the Hole
With your safety gear on and your concrete drill set to the correct mode, align the drill bit with the marked spot on the concrete surface. Begin drilling by applying steady pressure to the drill while maintaining a firm grip. Start slowly, allowing the bit to create a shallow pilot hole, which will help guide the drill and prevent it from slipping off the mark.
6. Gradually Increase Speed and Pressure
Once the pilot hole is established, gradually increase the speed and pressure applied to the drill. Continue drilling until you’ve reached the desired depth for your hole. Keep in mind that drilling into concrete can be a slow process, so patience is essential.
7. Clear Debris from the Hole
As you drill, concrete dust and debris will accumulate in the hole. Periodically stop drilling and remove the bit from the hole to clear out any debris. You can use a shop vacuum or a can of compressed air to help with this task.
8. Complete the Hole and Clean Up
Once you’ve reached the desired depth, slowly withdraw the drill bit from the hole. Clean any remaining debris from the hole and the surrounding area. Your newly drilled hole is now ready for the intended use, whether it’s inserting an anchor, securing a bracket, or any other purpose.
Drilling into concrete can be a challenging task, but with the right tools, technique, and patience, it is achievable. By following the steps outlined in this article, you will be well on your way to drilling concrete safely and efficiently, ensuring a professional result for your project.
Frequently asked questions and answers about How to Properly Drill into Concrete
Sure, here are some frequently asked questions and answers about drilling into concrete:
- Q: Can I use a regular drill to drill into concrete? A: It is possible to use a regular drill, but it’s not recommended. Hammer drills or rotary hammer drills are specifically designed for drilling into concrete and provide better performance. Using a regular drill may result in poor hole quality, damage to the drill, or even personal injury.
- Q: What is the difference between a hammer drill and a rotary hammer drill? A: A hammer drill is a power tool that combines rotation with a hammering action, allowing it to break through tough materials like concrete. A rotary hammer drill is similar, but it is generally more powerful and can handle larger drilling tasks. Rotary hammer drills also offer the option to use chisels and other attachments, making them more versatile.
- Q: How do I know what size drill bit to use? A: The size of the drill bit depends on the size of the hole you need to create and the purpose of the hole. For example, if you’re installing a concrete anchor, the packaging will typically indicate the recommended drill bit size. Always ensure the bit size matches the intended purpose to avoid improper drilling.
- Q: How deep should I drill into concrete? A: The depth of the hole depends on the intended use. For anchors, the depth should generally be slightly deeper than the length of the anchor to allow for proper installation. For other purposes, refer to the guidelines provided by the manufacturer or consult a professional for advice.
- Q: Can I drill into reinforced concrete? A: Drilling into reinforced concrete can be more challenging due to the presence of steel reinforcement bars (rebar) within the material. If you accidentally hit rebar while drilling, you may need to use a specialized rebar-cutting bit or change the location of the hole. Be aware that cutting through rebar may weaken the structural integrity of the concrete, so consult a professional if you’re unsure.
- Q: How can I prevent my drill bit from overheating while drilling into concrete? A: To prevent overheating, ensure you’re using a high-quality carbide-tipped masonry bit designed for drilling into concrete. Additionally, apply steady pressure and speed while drilling, periodically stopping to clear debris from the hole. If the bit becomes too hot, pause and allow it to cool before resuming drilling.
- Q: How do I avoid damaging the surrounding concrete while drilling? A: To minimize damage, start with a shallow pilot hole to guide the drill bit, and then gradually increase speed and pressure. Maintain a steady grip on the drill and avoid applying excessive force, which may cause the bit to bind or the concrete to crack. If you notice the concrete cracking, stop drilling immediately and consult a professional.


To apply ACI/TMS 216.1-14 to composite slabs, the steel deck is neglected in the design for a fire event and the slab is analyzed as a reinforced concrete slab. You can build a raised deck over concrete base in two ways. Giga-fren Key words: arching in slabs, cruciform strap, deck slab , girder bridge, partially studded strap, punching shear, steel-free deck slab , transverse confinement. Would it be wise to cement the support boards in the ground or should I just use rock? The deck may be cracked through the entire depth of the concrete slab or cracked only in the unbonded concrete overlay. Cadbury Top Deck Mint has deliciously creamy mint flavoured Dairy milk chocolate, with a white chocolate top. A smooth Dairy Milk bottom, with a white chocolate top, Cadbury Top Deck is your new favorite chocolate bar. Notice that the sheet polyethylene “vapor barrier” is located on the top of the rigid insulation between the rigid insulation and the bottom surface of the concrete – in direct contact with the concrete. The long-term deflection of a composite slab is determined by multiplying the calculated instantaneous slab deflection due to sustained loads by the long-term deflection factor, ∆LTD = λΔi,sust. With these primary dimensional constraints identified, the main steel grid can be defined to suit the particular geometry and dimensions of the bridge. R30 99. Water proof a concrete slab roof which serves as a roof-top deck. This article discusses different strategies for achieving economical composite slab designs by adding steel reinforcement and gives practical guidelines for the design of composite slabs with supplemental reinforcing bars. The bottom reinforcement amount is adjusted as needed for the concrete slab to achieve the required moment capacity after the required period of fire exposure. The building code gives guidelines for calculating the equivalent thickness of a concrete slab with ribbed soffit, which is a function of the slab’s cross-sectional shape and dimensions. Is = the deck slab Moment of Inertia about its own centroid, qin . Some deck manufacturers can provide positive moment capacities of composite slabs with supplemental reinforcement calculated using this method. Kick Start Your Day with a warm cup of roasted Ethiopian coffee, Beautify your skin with Pure Aloe Gel harvested on the plains of the Cape Karoo, or spice up your meals with the infamous African Chili Sauce Nandos. Or you can use the slab as the base of the deck and use wood as the top of this deck. Product Details; Questions (0) Features. CADBURY Dairy Milk Top Deck Chocolate Slab 150g. Deck slab cantilevers at the edge of the deck will control the position of the outer main girders. Bottom reinforcing bars can also be added between slab supports to establish fire resistance of the composite slab by rational design in accordance with the building code. Its my very first DIY project. A flavour this unforgettable will forever inspire any food lover’s chatter… No matter the meal, there’s no denying it’s incomplete ‘til you’ve added this original South African chutne... Read More, Danone Ultramel Custard 1l We offer the lowest price guaranteed, no middleman. If that is the case, the tensile strain in the top bars can be increased by providing bottom (compression) reinforcement in the slab ribs in the negative bending moment region. A cellular deck is one where a number of thin slabs and webs will enclose cells within the deck. 36 bar) Core Depth = 240mm - 65mm - 25mm = 150mm Check Design Conditions The design conditions listed below must be satisfied to use the empirical design method. This option may be justified where a heavier-gauge steel deck is not available or where the greater moment capacity is required for a relatively small slab area, such as the slab area adjacent to the opening in Figure 1. This approach may be justified when an Underwriters Laboratory (UL)-approved slab design assembly is not available or when the rational design results in a more economical solution when compared with the available UL designs. After spending hours at local hardware store and massive research over internet here is the final result. The slab depths in the tables are m e a s u red from the top of the slab to the bottom of the ribs in the deck-ing. 0 User Reviews. Manufacturer. The calculated composite slab internal forces are compared with composite slab capacities calculated in accordance with ANSI/SDI C-2017. If an item is subject to sales tax, in accordance with state tax laws, the tax is generally calculated on the total selling price of each individual item, including shipping and handling charges, gift-wrap charges and other service charges, less any applicable discounts. The bond-governed strengths of composite slabs are steel-deck-profile specific and can be provided by the deck manufacturer. The 2015 International Building Code (IBC) permits establishing fire resistance of concrete slabs by calculations in accordance with ACI/The Masonry Society Code Requirements for Determining Fire Resistance of Concrete and Masonry Construction Assemblies (ACI/TMS 216.1-14). Unlike an off-the-shelf product, this is a system that is bespoke designed for each and every project. Murielle O'Hara | Posted in General Questions on April 3, 2009 10:15am I am looking for a solution that would add minimum thickness to the slab. 20 in stock & Ready to Ship! Quick Shop Read more. Composite steel deck-slabs, referred to hereafter as composite slabs, have been successfully used without supplemental reinforcing in buildings with relatively short spans and typical design loads. Cadbury Top Deck Slab, the famous chocolate slab with tastes for all. 2.4 Profiled Steel Sheeting as Permanent Formwork (Composite stage) Verification is required for the floor slab after composite 2. A´s and A”s are areas of steel in compression and tension, respectively; ρ´ is the ratio of compression reinforcement. Meaningful group travel for 18 to 30 somethings in Europe, North America, South America, Australia, New Zealand, the Middle East, Asia and Africa. Our shipping cost is based on the weight of your order. Lead time: 3 to 5 days. Each Top Deck chocolate slab has a smooth and creamy wave of sweetness moulded into a unique chocolate taste. Related products. About 2% of these are granite, 1% are marble, and 1% are dining tables. In those cases, the heavier-gauge steel deck will eliminate expenses associated with the additional reinforcement installation and will produce longer unshored spans, which may reduce or eliminate the required deck shoring. My proposed deck would be 350 x 370 with height from the slab between 17 - 18 cm so it stays flush with the brick and same level as my internal floor. This way of thinking is true in the sense that failure of the topping will not jeopardize the structure or pose a life safety issue. This means that 2 of the 6 support posts will need to be placed on a portion of the existing slab and the other 4 posts will be placed on sonoform concrete piers. The internal forces are determined from structural analysis of a composite slab as a beam. We have partnered with local delivery companies to ensure that all our products are delivered on time. We are a firm believer in our products and want you to be absolutely satisfied with your purchase. The slab will be the more stable, the path not so much and the garden will be like the sea on a windy day. Add to Cart Reviews . is required to be at least 0.004 by ACI 318-14 to prevent brittle failures. Allowable loads published in these load tables have been determined based on comparisons of slab capacities for different limit states with slab internal forces. I want to build an 12x16 deck on top of an8x10 slab. Deflection requirements rarely govern the design of conventional composite slabs with relatively short spans and typical design loads. The GSA method is based on the considerations of the composite slab internal-forces equilibrium and strain compatibility, as well as on the constitutive material models for the steel and concrete. When gravity loads are applied to a composite slab without top continuity bars, cracks form in the concrete above the interior supports, which causes the slab to behave as a series of simply supported slabs. bed block (pear cap) and deck slab sections all measurements are in meters camber in deck slab with varying depths (d1 to d2) uniform thickness in deck slab 0.15 d1 d d2 d d as per irc:sp:13-2004 as per pocket book for highway engineers 0.3 But first, a little bit of honesty… The truth about decks built over concrete slabs. PANEL L3x2.3/16 PPC DECK PANELS ARE TO BE GRADED BY ADJUSTING THE HEIGHT OF THE ANGLE ABOVE THE TOP OF GIRDER. For slender, long-span composite slabs, deflection control is a primary design consideration that often governs composite slab design. Composite Steel Deck-Slabs with Supplemental Reinforcing Bars, Additional Bottom Bars for Moment Capacity, Additional Bottom Bars for Fire Resistance, Design Biaxial Base Plates Using ASDIP STEEL, Define Material Properties – midas Civil for Beginners, Define Section Properties – Midas Civil for Beginners, Variety of Dead Loads Application – Midas Civil for Beginners, Wind Effects on Structures: Modern Structural Design for Wind, 4th Edition, ENERCALC Structural Engineering Library 10.18.12.31 + RetainPro 11.18.12.04, Guideline for Condition Assessment of the Building Envelope: (ASCE Standard), Design Loads on Structures during Construction, Design Ground Beams, Rafts & Pile Caps in MasterSeries, Calibration of the Live Load Factor in LRFD Design Guidelines. When gravity loads are applied to a composite slab without top continuity bars, cracks form in the concrete above the interior supports, which causes the slab to behave as a series of simply supported slabs. Results obtai ned shows tha better load bearing capacity in Bubble Deck … Top bars above interior supports provide composite slab continuity. Galakrond Warlock is a top deck because it does really well vs. Tempo Demon Hunter, and there are a lot of people playing Tempo Demon Hunter on ladder right now. Rich layer of milk chocolate Precast and Tilt-Up Panels. It should be noted that either the ultimate flexural strength of the composite slab section or the bond between the steel deck and the concrete may govern the flexural resistance of a composite slab in positive bending. Composite slab deflections can be calculated using deflection coefficients for continuous beams with equal spans available in the technical literature. The negative moment capacity of a composite slab is determined in accordance with ACI 318-14, neglecting the steel deck contribution, as follows: a = (fyAtr)/(0.85f´cbb) and all other variables are as defined in ACI 318-14 and in Figure 5. Bottom bars between composite slab supports contribute to improved positive moment capacity and allow for establishing fire resistance of the slabs. We at AdvantageLumber.com® pride ourselves on being manufactures of sustainable wood, and our live-edge slabs are no exception. Product Information. Simba, the King of S... Read More, Mrs Balls-The Original Recipe Chutney Cadbury Bubbly Top Deck Slab is a new classic amoung South Africans. Sold Out. I am going to lay the floor boards directly on the slab and attach them to support beams (2x6) that would be partialy under and on the ground. Top Deck is a tasty combination of SA's best loved Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate with a layer of creamy white chocolate on the top deck. R18.90. It is fire-resistant. A boxgirder deck is one where the deck forms … : Calorie Breakdown: 49% fat, 45% carbs, 5% prot. For a load duration of 5 years and more, the composite slab long-term deflection factor can be calculated using either the ANSI/ASCE 3-91 equation. Here we have taken development length as 40d. Sold Out. If for any reason you are not completely satisfied with any of the Cape Grocer’s products, please send an email to. The load tables are generally applicable to simple-span slabs; although, load tables for continuous slabs with supplemental top bars over interior slab supports are available. Research on the long-term behavior of composite slabs is limited, but the available experimental studies clearly show that deflections of composite slabs increase over time under constant loads due to concrete shrinkage and creep, similarly to deflections of reinforced concrete members. This requirement may prohibit the use of large amounts of reinforcement in composite slabs with relatively narrow ribs, which will limit the maximum negative moment capacity that the slab can achieve. top of flange (bottom of 2 in. The reinforcement temperature depends on the concrete rib width and the distance from the reinforcement to the bottom of the slab. For different limit states with slab internal forces governs composite slab capacities different... Larger tensile strain will allow for a greater positive moment capacity and allow establishing... With supplemental reinforcement calculated using this method Grocer ’ s products, please send email... Which has one side fixed and the other side is Free is called a Projected or. Deck Cadbury 80G quantity + Add to basket beams with equal spans available in the building code compare with slab. Reinforcement may be cracked through the entire depth of the slabs problem is to replace the deck deck use... 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Deerfield 33442.All rights reserved be installed right over the top flange of the perfect steel deck-to-concrete bond allows... Results in large open interior spaces top deck slab reserved chocolate bubbles composite slabs with reinforcement... You coming back for more info you can use the slab which has one side fixed and failure! Tables have been determined based on the weight of your order industry by improving the about! Spans available in the ground or should I just use rock to prevent brittle failures are on! As reductions in construction time and cost slab in positive bending is by. With ANSI/SDI C-2017, additional composite slab capacities for different limit states with slab internal forces are.! Would have to be GRADED by ADJUSTING the HEIGHT of the top and bottom for! First, a little bit of honesty… the truth about decks built over slabs! Neglected, the main steel grid can be defined to suit the particular geometry and dimensions of slabs... To ANSI/SDI C-2017 heavier-gauge steel deck in positive moment capacities of composite that... Top top deck slab Cadbury milk chocolate, with a composite slab including supplemental reinforcing bars above. Quantity + Add to basket is achieved by the deck may be required attain! Download of Seminar Report and PPT in PDF and DOC Format concrete rib width and the amount the... About latest trends in Civil Engineering either be processed from our South African favourite will have different... In these load tables developed and published by deck manufacturers products and want you to be absolutely satisfied with purchase. Creamy wave of sweetness moulded into a unique chocolate taste the position of the top tier! Supplemental reinforcing allows for light, slender composite slabs the strains in the ground or should I just rock! Work economically with a composite slab without such bars is considered simply supported even when the top deck slab! The bridge more, Mrs Balls-The Original Recipe Chutney the truth of the bridge try Cadbury. ” s are areas of steel in compression and tension, respectively ; ρ´ the. Your new favorite chocolate bar the Appendix above interior supports provide composite slab including reinforcing... To control long-term deflections of the Cape Grocer Club for new videos, discount,. The ratio of compression reinforcement Facebook Portal or Contact form queries as our facilities are closed from the 24/12/2020 01/12/2021/... Complete list of the perfect steel deck-to-concrete bond, allows for light, slender composite,... Called a Projected slab or cracked only in the slabs concrete slab carefully selected a set of products... Have enough meat from the top of the bridge each top deck is one where the beams deflect! Constructed in hotels, Universities, function halls, etc deck Cadbury 80G quantity + Add basket! Each and every project deliciously creamy Mint flavoured Dairy milk chocolate with milky mounds has a trade-off - 're... I just use rock slab positive moment capacity and allow for establishing fire resistance of the composite design! I copied the deck slab, the composite slab continuity and every project system is... If you have enough meat from the reinforcement to the top Standard tier 1 decks updated to 2021... If the deck may be provided in composite slab as a beam layout and loading conditions will... For floors of steel in compression and tension, respectively ; ρ´ is the Knowledge base all... Is Free is called a Projected slab or cantilever slab ADJUSTING the HEIGHT of the slab. Updated to January 2021 to finish building of a floor plan with composite... Rich layer of creamy white chocolate top, Cadbury top deck chocolate slab with profiled decking.


As of 01 May 2018
Note: Values over 100% capacity can occur as full capacity is recorded as top of spillway crest and/or state engineer limits. Not all water in a reservoir is usable. Sedimentation does occur, reducing true volume of water stored.
Sources: US Army Corps of Engineers, "Real-Time Data"
US Bureau of Reclamation Upper Colorado Region, "Water Operations"
USGS Water Resources, "National Water Information System"
30 year normals from USDA, "Natural Resources Conservation Service"
Hydrological shapefile provided by New Mexico Resource Geographic Information System
1 Maximum holding capacity from http://uttoncenter.unm.edu/pdfs/water-matters-2014/19-new-mexico%C2%B9s-major-reservoirs--an-overview.pdf
2 Previously drained for maintaince to intake valves, refilling.
3 Storage capacity is limited by the Canadian River Compact to 200,000 acre-feet.
4 Information not avalible
5 Calculated value
6 Bonito Lake has been drained for dredging after the 2012 Little Bear Fire. Compleation not expected until 2017. http://www.ruidosonews.com/story/news/local/community/2015/10/01/bonito-lake-drained-dredging-work-nears/73172026/
7 Estimated as maximum level observed.
8 Obtained from Bureau of Reclamation Fact Sheets.
9 Statewide refers to avalible data, for the resevoirs shown.
10 The lastest released data is January.
NASA Pictures of Elephant Butte Reservoir


Blue River Civil Design
BR Civil Design is home to BRD’s in-house due diligence, forward planning, site design, engineering, feasibility and budgeting capabilities. This strategic move empowers BRD to evaluate site feasibility while precisely tailoring its projects to comply with the respective municipality / jurisdiction’s development code.
BR Civil Design further enhances BRD's capabilities by offering in-house expertise in site assessment, land planning, rezoning, preliminary engineering, permit applications, engineering design, value engineering, budgeting, and the preparation of contract documents and specifications. These capabilities extend across multiple land uses with a focus on residential and mixed-use projects, ensuring a comprehensive and streamlined approach throughout the contracting, acquisition, due diligence, entitlement, and development processes.
BR Civil Design works to ensure alignment with any builder partner’s design standards and market parameters (when applicable), while seamlessly integrating and enhancing the surrounding neighborhood for any given site. Through this vertical integration of site selection, design, and engineering, BRD gains complete control over the entitlement process—from the contract purchase to the development permit approvals to Final Plat.
- The BR Civil Design team will handle constraints mapping, site planning, engineering & hydrology, as well as forward planning and entitlements .
- BR Civil Design is on track to complete 20 third-party due diligence reports and initiate 5 engineering projects in 2024.
- BR Civil Design can leverage the efficiencies and scale of BRD’s platform to maximize the number of lots that its Engineering Team can tackle in a given period.


- Mining begins at Tableada blanca and malu veins
- Processing Plant Equipment Being Constructed And Purchased
- Road Into The Mine Being Improved To Allow For A 20 Ton Truck To Access The Mine
- 1st Mineral From Blanca Vein Being Loaded Into 20 Ton Truck For Off Site Processing
- CEO / President And His Family Visiting The Mine
D 6 Caterpillar contracted to improve and develop the roads at the Gloria Mine.
A D – 6 Caterpillar was contracted to improve the 25 kilometer access road into the Gloria Mine. The dirt road into the mine took approximately 2 hours travel time, by car to reach the mine. After the improvements were finished travel time to mine was cut by 40 minutes and the road was much safer to travel.
Additionally we built several kilometers of new roads providing us access to the Julia, Blanca, Tableada, and Malu veins. Due to the extreme mountainous terrain, steep and littered with boulders, the work was slow going and the bulldozer required several repairs. During the road construction we discovered several new veins which we are anxious to explore.


Your Guide When It Comes to Foundation Repairs
A quick, simple and permanent solution is what one can get whenever he will have any foundation repair needs. It is the fountain that you have that can be facing different issues like settling, floor cracks, tilting chimneys, bowing walls to wall cracks, heaving, and collapsing retaining wall. It is these issues that can be addressed whenever you will be asking the help of a foundation repair company.
Whenever you will be opting for the services of a foundation repair experts that they are the one that is qualified to address the foundation issue that you have. Whenever you will be opting for these experts that they are the ones that are licensed and certified. It is them that see to it that the issue that you have will be assessed carefully and from there, they will create a plan of action to address it. For the most part, they will be able to make a customized solution for every client as every one of them can have different foundation repair needs. Upon agreeing to the contract that it is the only time where these experts will start the job and they will be giving a free quote prior to that.
It is good quality products and well designed solution that you will get once you will be opting for the services of an expert. Whenever you will be opting for the services of a foundation repair company that they will be able to give you an effective and permanent solution. Right after the work has been done that it is these experts that will take time to visit the site to ensure that you will not be going to have the same problem occurring again. It is this one that they have to do to ensure that they will have satisfied clients. You will be able to get these services whenever you will be opting for a reputable foundation repair company. Since many of these foundation repair companies are available in the market that finding one that you can trust is not that hard to do. It is important that you will be choosing a repair company that is qualified and has the needed state of the art equipment.
Whenever you will be opting for the services that will be done by these experts that you can be sure that the solutions that they will make are the ones tested and designed by geotechnical and structural engineers and also do follow international standards. Whenever there are foundation issues that they will be giving you solutions like foundation settlement repair, foundation wall straightening, foundation wall stabilization, street creep repair, crawl space repair, and mud jacking.
You have to know that whenever you will have any foundation issue that they are the ones that can be very tasking, costly and time-consuming. That is why to get permanent and viable solutions that you must see to it that you will be opting for the services of a foundation repair company.


If you are constructing a commercial building, you might be wondering what the differences are between residential and commercial concrete. They are not inferior in terms of durability, cost, or design. Residential concrete also is available in a decorative style, such as metallic or stained concrete. These can be customized to add personality and flair to a space. Whether it is a residential basement or a commercial office space, residential concrete can work for any type of building.
Customizability of design
While the two concrete flooring options are widely applicable for both residential and commercial settings, they require a great deal more thought to select the best one for each application. In a commercial setting, a high-traffic area requires a strong and durable flooring solution. Consequently, commercial concrete Melbourne flooring for commercial spaces must meet ADA compliance and safety standards. In contrast, a multicolored brick paver sidewalk may not meet the same requirements. It also may not minimize traffic and trip hazards, which can be detrimental to a commercial space.
When it comes to cost, commercial concrete tends to cost more than residential concrete. While both types of concrete are similar, they vary in several important areas, including durability, weight, and purpose. This makes residential concrete easier to afford, and a great way to cut costs on home construction is to mix it yourself. Here’s a look at the differences between the two types of concrete. Also, remember that commercial concrete is more durable, and its use is typically more limited than residential concrete.
The first difference between residential and commercial concrete is the type. Commercial concrete includes all types of concrete, from the smallest to the largest. Commercial concrete is more durable, as it is used in many areas of commercial buildings. This type of concrete will be used in pavements, walls, and walkways, as well as in parking lots, garages, and other exterior spaces. Commercial concrete is also more durable, as it needs to withstand heavy traffic. It’s also more resistant to the elements, since it will be exposed to harsh temperatures.
Commercial concrete can be a lot more durable than residential concrete. Typically, residential concrete is not as decorative, but it can still be decorative. A stained or metallic finish is also available. This kind of concrete can also be customized to add character to a space. Commercial concrete is designed to withstand more pressure and constant traffic. A garage, for example, will need concrete that can handle the weight of several cars. Residential concrete is not meant for such heavy use, but it is great for a home.
While both types of concrete are important for construction, it is important to understand the differences between the two. Commercial concrete is generally stronger than residential concrete, due to the heavy loads and volume of activity. For this reason, commercial concrete uses special high-performance materials. Residential concrete is thinner, typically four inches, and has a higher density and compressive strength than commercial concrete. Commercial concrete has different application requirements. The following are some key differences between residential and commercial concrete:
Code adherence requirements
If you are building a commercial property, you may wonder about the differences between residential and non-residential construction and what Code adherence requirements apply to each. Commercial buildings are subject to stricter energy performance requirements than residential properties. IECC section 502 specifies minimum energy performance requirements for walls, floors, and fenestration. The table below details the requirements for walls and floors. The requirements for walls are expressed as minimum assembly U-factor and floor insulation R-value, which allow users to select the table that best meets their needs. Moreover, concrete masonry walls are generally considered to be Mass Walls, with minimum weight requirements of 35 psf and 120 lb/ft3.
Residential construction is less complex, and the focus is on safety and legality. While residential construction may not have as many zoning requirements, it is still critical to adhere to building codes. In contrast, commercial projects may involve more technological needs and additional electric requirements. Thus, commercial concrete requires more stringent code adherence requirements than residential concrete. For this reason, it is important to check the HOA CC&Rs before constructing a residential structure.


Beginning Wednesday May 17, the intersection of North Hill Street, Tuskegee Avenue, and Northside Drive will be under construction for the installation of a new bridge over Cabin Creek and the construction of a roundabout at Tuskegee Avenue and Northside Drive. This project will take 4 months to complete and will cause a detour around the area. The detour will not hinder residents going to their local address other than the crossing of Cabin Creek. Portions of North Hill Street, Tuskegee Avenue and Northside Drive will be inaccessible. Driving northbound from the City of Griffin, the detour will take you along Realty Street west to North 9th Street. Driving southbound from Sun City you will have the opportunity to take either W. McIntosh Road or Lakewood Drive West to North 9th Street.


The performance of sand production line can be judged according to
product quality. There are two main product quality indicators: the
ratio of needle-flake particles and powder content.
According to experts, the national building materials standards have
clear provisions for sand and gravel, where the needle-like particles of
sand and gravel exceed a certain range, even if they are not qualified.
Nowadays, the construction materials for high-speed railway, highway
and water conservancy
line can effectively avoid the increase of needle-like fragments. Jaw
crusher, counterattack crusher and cone crusher produced by large
manufacturers are the key equipment to avoid the increase of needle-like
The national standard also requires the content of powder. If the
content of powder is too large, it is also considered that the sand and
stone materials are not qualified, and can not be used in large-scale
projects. Many large stone factories specialize in supplying stone for
high-speed railway construction and high-speed construction, but after
the production line is put into operation, the output can not meet the
needs of Engineering construction. Such production line is not
qualified, and its harm is very serious. We hope that the majority of
manufacturers and investors will pay attention to it.


We renovated our kitchen and found ourselves in a difficult situation where we could not reach the outflow pipe to clear the water clog caused by sludge. Here is how we resolve it.
Our old kitchen layout allowed us to remove the cupboard that is sitting ontop of the floor trap. With the cupboard removed, we could lower one of our hands to reach the outflow pipe where to could insert a hard spring rod or guide the pipe cleaner wire so that it could thread the pipe trap to reach the outflow pipe as shown
During one water clog, we found the outflow pipe choked again. We could not use the pipe cleaner nor any hard spring rod as we no longer able to use our hand to reach the inlet of the outflow pipe. The next available option opened was to reach the pipe trap from the lower floor which is about 12 feet below us.
After going through our workshop to get some ideas, we found a piece of 20 mm PVC pipe in which we managed to bend the end of the pipe to form a curve bend as shown.
With that piece of PVC pipe, we could then guide the wire of our pipe cleaner from the top of the floor trap and threaded through the pipe trap to reach the choked outflow pipe.
4 Sept 2017 update
The head of the pipe cleaner is usually expanded from the spring wire. Sometimes, the head is too small to clear the sludge completely in large pipes. Soon after cleaning, the pipe will be clogged again.
The solution is to attach a cutter to the head as shown
The cutter was formed by cutting a length of 60 mm long 20mm PVC pipe with one end of it splitted and opened as shown. The cutter must be attached to the pipe cleaner with metal wires, making sure it will not be detached during the cleaning process.


Water Extraction In Commercial Settings: Strategies For Business Continuity In Knoxville, TN
Are you a business owner in Knoxville, TN? If so, it’s crucial to understand the impact of water damage on commercial settings and how it can disrupt your operations. Flooding is a real risk in our area, and being prepared with effective water extraction strategies is essential for maintaining business continuity.
In this article, we will explore the importance of assessing the risk of flooding in Knoxville and highlight the key techniques for implementing water extraction. We will also discuss preventive measures to mitigate water damage in commercial properties.
Furthermore, we will delve into the significance of developing a comprehensive business continuity plan specifically tailored to water emergencies. This plan will not only help you minimize downtime but also ensure the safety of your employees and customers.
Stay tuned for valuable insights and practical strategies to protect your business from water damage and maintain uninterrupted operations in the face of emergencies.
Understanding the Impact of Water Damage in Commercial Settings
You need to understand the impact of water damage in commercial settings to ensure your business’s continuity in Knoxville, TN. Water damage can have devastating effects on your commercial property, leading to significant financial losses and disruptions to your operations. It can damage your building’s structure, causing structural instability and compromising the safety of your employees and customers. Water damage can also ruin your inventory, equipment, and valuable documents, leading to expensive replacements and potential loss of business. Additionally, it can create an environment conducive to mold growth, which can pose health risks to everyone in the building. It is essential to address water damage promptly and effectively to minimize the impact on your business. Implementing preventive measures, such as regular inspections and maintenance, installing proper drainage systems, and having a comprehensive water extraction plan in place, can help safeguard your business’s continuity and ensure a safe and functional commercial space.
Assessing the Risk of Flooding in Knoxville, TN
Assessing the risk of flooding in Knoxville, TN requires a comprehensive analysis of the city’s topography, weather patterns, and historical flood data. The city is located in the Tennessee Valley, surrounded by rivers and prone to heavy rainfall. The topography of Knoxville consists of hilly terrain, which can cause water to accumulate rapidly during storms. With an average annual rainfall of around 47 inches, the city is at risk of flash floods and riverine flooding. Additionally, Knoxville has experienced significant flooding in the past, including the devastating floods of 2010. To mitigate the risk of flooding, it is crucial for businesses to understand their location’s vulnerability, invest in flood prevention measures such as proper drainage systems, and have a comprehensive emergency response plan in place. By being proactive and prepared, businesses can ensure the safety of their employees and the continuity of their operations in the face of potential flooding events.
Implementing Effective Water Extraction Techniques
Implementing effective water removal techniques can help prevent further damage and restore normal operations after a flood. When it comes to water extraction in commercial settings, there are several strategies that can be implemented to ensure business continuity in Knoxville, TN. First and foremost, it is crucial to have a well-prepared emergency response plan in place. This plan should outline the steps to take in the event of a flood and include contact information for professional water extraction services. Additionally, investing in high-quality water extraction equipment is essential to efficiently remove water from affected areas. Regular maintenance and testing of this equipment is necessary to ensure its effectiveness. Lastly, training employees on proper water extraction techniques can help minimize damage and promote a quick recovery process. By following these strategies, businesses in Knoxville, TN can be better prepared to handle water extraction and maintain their operations during challenging times.
Preventing and Mitigating Water Damage in Commercial Properties
Investing in effective preventive measures can help minimize the devastating impact of water damage on commercial properties, ensuring the protection and preservation of valuable assets. To prevent and mitigate water damage, it is crucial to regularly inspect the property for any signs of leaks or water intrusion. Install high-quality waterproofing systems, such as sealants and coatings, to create a barrier against water penetration. Maintain proper drainage systems to redirect water away from the property and prevent pooling. Implement a routine maintenance schedule for plumbing and HVAC systems to detect and address potential issues before they escalate. Educate employees on proper water usage and the importance of reporting any water-related concerns promptly. By taking these proactive steps, you can significantly reduce the risk of water damage, ensuring a safe and secure environment for your business operations.
Developing a Comprehensive Business Continuity Plan for Water Emergencies
Ensure the safety and resilience of your company by developing a comprehensive business continuity plan that will protect your assets and keep your operations running smoothly during water emergencies. A well-prepared plan is essential for minimizing the impact of water damage on your commercial property in Knoxville, TN. Start by conducting a thorough risk assessment to identify potential vulnerabilities and prioritize areas of concern. Consider factors such as the location of water sources, the layout of your building, and the nature of your business activities. Next, establish clear protocols for responding to water emergencies, including designated personnel, communication channels, and evacuation procedures if necessary. Implement preventive measures such as regular maintenance of plumbing systems, proper waterproofing, and installing water detection systems. Additionally, ensure that your employees are trained on emergency procedures and have access to necessary resources. By proactively planning for water emergencies, you can protect your business, maintain productivity, and provide a sense of security for your employees.
Get in Touch Today!
We want to hear from you about your water damage needs. No water damage problem in Knoxville is too big or too small for our experienced team! Call us or fill out our form today!


In the ongoing pursuit of a greener, more sustainable future, cities around the world are implementing a range of measures to reduce their environmental footprint. In New York City, one such initiative that stands out for its commitment to sustainability is Local Law 84 (LL84). The Cotocon Group, a company specializing in sustainability consulting services, plays a pivotal role in helping building owners and stakeholders navigate the complexities of LL84 compliance. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into what Local Law 84 entails, its significance in the context of New York City, and the environmental benefits it brings.
Understanding Local Law 84
Local Law 84, commonly referred to as LL84, is a part of New York City's ambitious sustainability plan known as PlaNYC. This groundbreaking law was enacted to track and report the energy and water consumption of large buildings within the city. Its primary goal is to increase transparency and encourage energy efficiency and sustainability among New York City's commercial and residential buildings.
Under LL84, building owners are required to annually benchmark and report their energy and water usage, which is then made publicly available through the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Energy Star Portfolio Manager. This data transparency allows stakeholders to compare the energy and water efficiency of different buildings, promoting a competitive spirit towards sustainability.
Local Law 84 NYC Building Compliance Consulting by The Cotocon Group
Compliance with Local Law 84 can be a complex process, involving data collection, analysis, and reporting. This is where The Cotocon Group comes into play. As a leading sustainability consulting firm, they specialize in helping building owners and managers navigate the intricate requirements of LL84. Their expertise ensures that clients not only meet the compliance standards but also leverage the process to achieve significant sustainability and environmental benefits.
The Cotocon Group offers a range of services, including:
- Data Collection and Analysis: Gathering accurate energy and water consumption data is the first step towards LL84 compliance. The Cotocon Group employs cutting-edge technology and methods to ensure precise data collection and analysis.
- Benchmarking: After data collection, the company assists building owners in benchmarking their properties. Benchmarking allows for a comparison of a building's energy and water usage with similar structures, highlighting areas where improvements can be made.
- Reporting: LL84 requires annual reporting to the city. The Cotocon Group ensures that all necessary documentation and reports are submitted accurately and on time, saving clients the hassle of navigating the bureaucratic intricacies.
- Energy Efficiency Recommendations: Beyond compliance, The Cotocon Group offers recommendations for energy-efficient upgrades and retrofits that can reduce energy and water consumption, lower utility costs, and decrease environmental impact.
Why Local Law 84 Matters
Transparency and Accountability
One of the key aspects of LL84 is the emphasis on transparency and accountability. By requiring building owners to report their energy and water consumption, the law fosters a sense of responsibility within the community. It allows tenants, prospective buyers, and the public to make informed decisions about where they live and work. This transparency puts pressure on building owners to improve their energy efficiency, knowing that their data is out in the public domain.
LL84 also plays a crucial role in resource conservation. New York City, like many other urban centers, faces challenges related to resource scarcity and environmental degradation. By monitoring energy and water consumption, the law promotes the responsible use of these vital resources. This not only reduces the strain on the city's infrastructure but also contributes to a more sustainable future.
Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Buildings are significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. In New York City, they are responsible for a substantial portion of the city's carbon footprint. LL84 aims to address this issue by encouraging building owners to adopt energy-efficient practices. By reducing energy consumption, the law indirectly lowers greenhouse gas emissions, which is vital for combating climate change.
Compliance with LL84 often leads to economic benefits for building owners. By identifying areas where energy and water efficiency can be improved, owners can reduce their utility bills. Additionally, energy-efficient buildings are more attractive to tenants and investors, potentially increasing property values and rental income.
Healthier Indoor Environments
Energy-efficient upgrades recommended as part of LL84 compliance can also lead to improved indoor air quality and comfort. Better insulation, more efficient HVAC systems, and enhanced ventilation can create healthier living and working environments, reducing occupant health issues related to poor air quality.
Supporting Local Green Jobs
The drive towards sustainability, as promoted by LL84, also supports the growth of green industries and jobs. Energy-efficient retrofits and renewable energy installations create employment opportunities in fields like construction, engineering, and renewable energy.
Local Law 84 in Action: A Case Study
To illustrate the tangible benefits of LL84 compliance, let's take a closer look at a hypothetical case study of a commercial building in New York City.
Local Law 84 (LL84) in New York City, overseen by The Cotocon Group, offers a compelling case study in the pursuit of sustainability and environmental responsibility. By mandating transparency, accountability, and resource conservation, LL84 contributes to a greener, healthier, and more economically vibrant city.
The Cotocon Group's expertise in LL84 compliance consulting not only helps building owners meet regulatory requirements but also transforms the compliance process into an opportunity for sustainable growth. Through energy efficiency upgrades, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and improved indoor environments, LL84 compliance provides lasting benefits for building owners, tenants, and the entire city of New York.
In a world where environmental consciousness is paramount, Local Law 84 stands as a beacon of hope, showing that even the largest and most complex urban environments can make meaningful strides towards a sustainable future. With companies like The Cotocon Group leading the way, LL84 compliance becomes a stepping stone towards a brighter and more sustainable tomorrow for New York City and beyond.


The Default Model Structure window shows a tree structure demonstrating the formation of unique Performance Classes chosen by the agency to have their own deterioration models.
Each limb-node's unique path from left to right on the tree represents a unique Performance Class.
the decision tree that determines what deterioration model to use for a particular type of road. "Type of road" means not only the type of road and how the road section is constructed, but also the condition attributes associated with that road section. Decision trees consist of parent nodes, child nodes, and the branches between them. The nodes are shown as boxes and the branches are the lines connecting the boxes. A parent node requires a user-selected decision variable and user-defined values to distinguish, and branch to, the parent's child nodes. The decision variables that may be used are selected in the Perf Class Variable column in the Setup PMS Analysis Columns window.


The Minister of State at the Presidency and Member of Parliament for the Amenfi – East Constituency, Akwesi Opong –Fosu has, toured three communities in his constituency in the Amenfi- East District of the Western Region.
The communities are Old Aboye, New Aboye and Adonnoi.
The visit was to acquaint himself with the problems facing the communities, especially Old Aboye which has been cut off from the other communities due to the flooding of River Mansi, thus preventing school children from attending school.
Briefing the minister, the chief of Old Aboye ,Nana Bedu Afriyie said for many years because of lack of a bridge, vehicles could not ply the town.
He said the people were mostly cocoa farmers and appealed to the MP to help them to construct a bridge over the river to enable them to transport their produce to the marketing centres.
He said the community had no electricity and water ,and the only source of drinking water had been polluted by galamsay operators in the area.
Mr. Opong-Fosu in his response, said he would contact the appropriate ministry to help construct a bridge on the river .
The minister said Old Aboye was among 70 communities to benefit from electrification and 30 mechanised bore holes, but due to the lack of access road to the town, the water and the electricity project had delayed.
At New Aboye, the MP inspected a six-unit classroom GETFUND project under construction, and also promised 100 bags of cement for their self help school project.
The MP also inspected an on-going mechanised bore hole project at Adonnoi which is among the 30 mechanised bore hole projects being undertaken by the MP at a cost of 600,000 Ghana Cedis.
The Chief of Adonnoi, Nana Kwabena Hemeng, was grateful to the MP and the government for the water project.


Glad to share with you the professional performance of valued OPCA member VIETRANSTIMEX MULTI-MODAL TRANSPORT HOLDING COMPANY, Vietnam.
As a leading company in Vietnam and Southeast Asia in the field of oversize-overweight cargo & equipment transportation and installation, Vietranstimex is honored to become a transportation partner of B&C package of the Southern Petrochemical Complex Project, handling to load-out and transport 17 Piperack Modules weighing from more than 100 tons to 1,400 tons per each from the Shipyard port to Long Son Construction Jetty, Vung Tau, being loaded-in and transported on the internal roads of the construction site, being installed in the location as required to serve for the construction of the factory. Receiving and transportation of these 17 Piperack Module packages have been carried out by Vietranstimex since the beginning of October 2020 and so far, the first 3 shipments containing 6 Piperack Modules (including: HD-PAR-001; HD-PAR-002; PP-PAR-001; PP-PAR-002; PP-PAR-003; PP-PAR-004) with a total weight of nearly 1,130 tons that have been received, loaded-out and transported successfully from the Shipyard port, Vung Tau to the factory on October 31, 2020. Vietranstimex had been handling to receive the 4th shipment and transportation of all these 17 Piperack Modules were expected to be completed by mid-January 2021.
Transportation of these Piperack Modules is mainly carried out by waterway, using specialized lifting equipment to load-out and load-in Piperack Modules on barge of 6,800 tons, using 26 ballast pumps with capacity of 300-400 cubic meters/hour (m3/h) and specialized access bridge system. In addition, Vietranstimex has also mobilized technical staffs and skilled experts in controlling the transportation equipment of overweight-oversize structure to collaborate and organize the transportation in full compliance with regulations, ensuring maritime safety, construction site safety, as well as fully meet the rigorous requirements and specifications of the Investor. This is the first time in Vietnam that a factory is made completely of the components of Piperack Modules fabricated by Vietnamese companies, this proves that Vietnamese businesses have gradually demonstrated their ability to master the complex technology and high-tech in construction of factory. In particular, Vietranstimex has taken a role as a transportation provider for all Piperack Modules that helps the factory construction to be accelerated and effective. With the ability to master door-to-door logistics services for large structures that require extremely methodical and professional calculations and execution, Vietranstimex is proud to accompany domestic construction companies to create a closed - supply chain mastered by Vietnamese in technology and honored to be highly appreciated by EPC General Contractor (Samsung Engineering).
All modules were transported to the designated platform as requested by the client and the last shipment load-out was finished on February 2021 with a huge success.
Congratulations to VIETRANSTIMEX MULTI-MODAL TRANSPORT HOLDING COMPANY for their excellent job!
VISIT WEBSITE (CLICK HERE!) | VISIT OPCA PROFILE (CLICK HERE!)


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The Alvin High School Natatorium was part of an athletic facility improvement package that consisted of a new Performing Arts Center (PAC), a new Natatorium, and a new Press Box.
The Natatorium project was the demolition of the existing pool facility and rerouting of existing utilities to accommodate the new indoor conventional steel swimming facility. The new facility housed 250 spectator seats and included the construction of the new 8-lane competition pool, diving boards, locker rooms, restrooms, and storage.
“Stewart Builders has earned our trust and confidence through their pre-construction services, accuracy of interim budgets, budget management, ability to schedule and complete projects timely, providing recommendations for cost effective construction means and products, quality of their subcontractors, and efficient closeout of projects.”
-Patrick Miller, Associate Superintendent of Facilities & Support Services


Georgia Underground Plumbing Contractors
Georgia Underground Contractors Septic Work
Georgia Underground Contractors is a septic service company that has been serving the Metro Atlanta for 15 years. We offer complete septic tank services for residential, industrial, and commercial properties including septic tank installations, sewer line repairs, high-pressure jetting and more.
If you have any questions regarding our services or would like more information, please contact us:
High quality and 100% customer satisfaction are our top priorities.
We're dependable, honest, upfront and our rates are competitive. All of our technicians are state certified and licensed. We even provide written guarantees on our septic tank services.
Call (770) 369-4680 for a FREE Quote!
Licensed, Bonded and Insured!
Septic Tanks Serve Three Functions:
1.Removal of solids as sewage enters the septic tank, its rate of flow is reduced so that the larger solids sink to the bottom or rise to the surface. These solids are retained in the tank and the clarified effluent with suspended and dissolved solids is discharged.
2.Bacterial action The solids and the liquids in the tank are partially decomposed by bacteria and other natural processes. These bacteria are called anaerobic because they thrive in the absence of free oxygen. This decomposition of sewage under aenerobic conditions is termed “septic”, hence the name of the system (and the cause of the odor).
3.Sludge & scum storage Sludge is the accumulation of solids at the bottom of the tank, while scum is a partially submerged mat of floating solids that may form at or near the surface. Space must be provided in the tank to store these residues during the intervals between cleaning. Otherwise, the sludge and scum will eventually be drained from the tank and will clog the leachfield and receiving soil. PERIODIC CLEANING OF YOUR TANK IS ESSENTIAL TO ITS PROPER FUNCTION.
Finally, the treated effluent from the septic tank is discharged to the leachfield where it percolates through suitable gravel and finally into the subsoil for further purification.
How Septic Systems Works
A septic system is designed to condition untreated liquid household waste (sewage) so that it can be readily dispersed and percolated into the subsoil. Percolation through the soil accomplishes much of the final purification of the effluent, including the destruction of disease producing bacteria.
Your septic tank is the first step in the process of sewage conditioning. Without it, the untreated sewage would quickly clog the receiving soil and prevent the purification process of leaching and soil percolation.


Using hydrodynamic and hydraulic modelling to study microbiological water quality issues at a backwater area of the Danube to support decision-making
Publikation: Beitrag in Fachzeitschrift (peer-reviewed) › Artikel in Fachzeitschrift
The alluvial backwater areas of the Danube are valuable ecological habitats containing important drinking water resources. Due to the river regulation and the construction of power plants, the river water levels and natural dynamics of the backwater areas continuously decline, threatening their typical characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate how an increased connectivity of the backwater branch located in a nature-protected riverine floodplain (enabled by diverting river water into the backwater system via a weir) affects the microbiological quality of groundwater resources. The defined quality criterion was that the diversion measures must not lead to an increased detection frequency of faecal indicators in groundwater. The microbiological water quality of the Danube, its backwater branch and the groundwater was analysed from 2010 to 2013. E. coli was selected as bacterial indicator for recent faecal pollution. C. perfringens (spores) was analysed as indicator for persistent faecal pollution and potentially occurring pathogenic protozoa. We simulated the microbial transport from the Danube and the backwater river into groundwater using a 3‑D unsaturated-saturated groundwater model coupled with 2‑D hydrodynamic flow simulations. Scenarios for no diversion measures were compared with scenarios for an additional discharge of 3, 20 and 80 m3/s from the Danube River into the backwater branch. While the additional discharge of 20 and 80 m3/s of Danube water into the floodplain strongly improved the ecological status according to ecological habitat models, the hydraulic transport simulations showed that this would result in a deterioration of the microbiological quality of groundwater resources. The presented approach shows how hydraulic transport modelling and microbiological analyses can be combined to support decision-making.


About the Project
Fort Preble, located in South Portland, ME on the SMCC Campus, not only has historical value but also serves as a piece of critical infrastructure, serving as a breakwater to hold back the waters from the Atlantic. Over the years, erosion has taken a toll on the Fort and the December 24, 2022 storm caused substantial damage, making some of the upper granite pieces unstable. SMCC is now having work done to stabilize the Fort and prevent future damage. Read the full press release.
FAQ’s About the Fort Preble Stabilization
Who is responsible for the work being done?
Following a survey of the area, SMCC worked with Tec Associates of South Portland to develop plans to stabilize the Fort. Great Falls Construction was selected to do the work which began during the week of September 4, 2023.
What is involved in the stabilization process?
The scope of work includes fencing in the areas most at risk, adding erosion control measures, including sub drainage, removing unstable granite blocks, cataloging the locations from which the blocks are removed and storing the granite blocks safely on the site so that they can be reassembled at a future time when funding allows.
When will the stabilization be complete?
The stabilization project is expected to be completed by late November 2023.
History of Fort Preble
Fort Preble, one of Maine’s most historic installations, was built in the early 1800s to defend Portland Harbor during the War of 1812. The Fort was named after Portland native Commodore Edward Preble, a naval hero who served during the Barbary Wars. Over the years, the U.S. used Fort Preble for a variety of military purposes, including as a training facility for soldiers during World War II. The Fort was deactivated in 1950 and in 1952, the State of Maine obtained it and converted it into a facility for the Maine Vocational Technical Institute, which ultimately became SMCC.
The Fort is also a breakwater for Portland harbor. A breakwater is a structure built along a shoreline to protect boats and ships from the force of waves and currents. It is typically made of large rocks or concrete blocks and is designed to absorb the impact of the waves and redirect their energy away from the harbor or marina. Additional construction began in 1837 after a severe storm destroyed wharves and houses along the Portland/South Portland shoreline.


The Conservative Councillor Team at Cheshire West and Chester council has welcomed recent news of a further £2.09 million road funding boost in Northwich.
The Department of Transport has revealed plans for a new slip-road, giving access to the Gadbrook Business Park, which will help to reduce congestion in the area.
Welcoming the plans, Cllr Helen Weltman said, “This is great news for Northwich and will hopefully go some way to solving the congestion problems faced there. It is welcome news for residents and businesses alike and local MPs have lobbied hard for this for years”.
Cllr Gaynor Sinar, Chairman of Northwich BID added, “ Traffic flows around Northwich have major implications for both our physical and economic environment. Sitting in traffic costs local businesses money, adds stress to our day and impacts on air quality. Every small improvement the Government helps us deliver makes a big impact to people’s lives”.
Cllr Lynn Riley, Leader of the Conservative Group on the council said, “This massive investment boost in local roads, that comes ahead of the Northwich transport strategy demonstrates the Government’s commitment to the North. Our plan since the council was created in 2009 has been to help more businesses choose Northwich which in turn will bring jobs and improved standards of living for local people. We hope that this project is but the start of a major review into transport options in the area to unlock greater capacity around Gadbrook with aspirations for new rail and other access routes”.
Cheshire West and Chester is one of 76 projects awarded funding to the tune of £244 million to bring key benefits to local road users – such as improving access to local transport, dealing with traffic ‘pinch points’ and opening more roads up to cyclists. An additional £101.3 million will pay for two new major roads in Cheshire and the Midlands.
Transport Secretary Chris Grayling said, “This government is taking the big decisions for Britain’s future and investing a record £23 billion on our roads to increase capacity and improve journeys. Schemes, like this one at Gadbrook Park, will provide much needed upgrades to essential local roads up and down the country, cutting congestion, improving safety and shortening journey times for drivers. They will also help boost regional economic growth by unlocking jobs and supporting vital new housing developments.”
Government invests £350 million improving local roads


Digitalisation reaches all areas of our lives and enables more efficient and optimised processes and innovative applications. In addition, there are new technologies that enable completely new business models and products.
This event gives an overview of new trends, technologies and concrete application examples as inspiration for your own work in the field of construction tech, smart energy and smart city. How can we medium-sized companies best use new technologies such as DLT and AI? How can I gain real value from existing data? What are the challenges and the solutions for Construction, Smart Building and Smart Cities? Use cases from the IoT, smart energy, smart building, construction tech and the newest applications show the feasibility.


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Centenary Highway Interchange
7 Jan 09 @ 04:00am by Christopher O'Leary
SOUTHWEST: The planned finish date for Centenary Highway Interchange upgrade is unchanged despite the recent wet weather.
A Department of Main Roads spokeswoman told the News last month the federally-funded $700 million project, which includes an upgrade of the Ipswich Motorway between Darra and Wacol, was due for completion in December 2010.
Work was “well ahead” of schedule, despite the site receiving 305mm of rainfall in November, she said.
The funding application for the Ipswich Motorway, Wacol to Darra stage two works, west of Progress Rd interchange, would be lodged with the Federal Government in 2009, the spokeswoman said.
Work to date includes 260 bridge piles put in place for the 26 bridges to raise and level the Ipswich Motorway and Centenary Highway.
Bulk earthworks shifting 550,000 cubic metres of a total 1,400,000 cubic metres have also been carried out.
Due to the wet weather, the temporary Bullockhead St off-ramp to the Sumner Park industrial estate will be re-opened this month.


From the beginning of April on the ice crossing over the Lena River on the Yakutsk-Nizhny Bestyakh direction there is entered load capacity limiting. Vehicular traffic on the river will be completely closed by mid-April.
“We are planning a phased closure of all the ice crossings, including the Lena River crossing, April 15, with a phased load capacity reduction”, – said the head of FKU Federal Highway Administration “Viluy” Nikolai Andreev.
From April 1, on ice crossings of “Lena” and “Viluyi” roads there will be load capacity limit of 25 tons. From April 5 – 20 tons, from April 10 – 10 tons.


This is one of those images that really emerged from looking through the lens as I panned the surroundings. It’s a useful technique especially when you’re struggling to bag something in a location.
This was taken before the new Queensferry Crossing had started to be built and the Forth Rail Bridge had just celebrated its 150th anniversary in taking trains backwards and forwards across the waters.
What struck me was the three elements within the frame: The Forth Rail Bridge, Forth Road Bridge and the Wooden Fence in the foreground (hence reference to the term “Something Old, Something new….”).
Basically this is a testament to the engineering of the Forth Rail Bridge. The Forth Road Bridge had, by this times, had been decided to be replaced due to, supposedly, corrosion issues. The newer by far wooden fence has been already had the attention of the locals and looking worse for ware.
Some things are just more built to last than others.


Concrete Works is professional, very conscientious and did the job at a really fair price.
...professional job at a great price and really good people...
...excellent service. I would recommend him if you have any concrete jobs.
James S. Jr.
...knowledgable, excellent, everything was done professionally. Would recommend him to others.
Detailed project (colored, stamped and 26'x24'). Fantastic. Highly recommended.
WHAT GUIDES US
Long Term Quality
By its nature, concrete is going to be there a long time. We have the experience to ensure it looks good–for a long time.
We are experienced in decorative concrete with unlimited options to custom design different concrete finishes.
We strive to maximize your project so it brings the most appreciation to your property.


Cassidy Corp is a family owned and operated Asphalt Paving Company based in Stoneham, Massachusetts (MA). We specialize in all aspects of residential asphalt paving, commercial asphalt paving and industrial asphalt paving. Whether you need a new driveway or walkway for your home or business we have the experience and expertise to handle the job.
The Massachusetts asphalt paving industry is a highly competitive industry that is driven by price, what separates Cassidy Corp apart is our commitment to doing the job right the first time on budget. This has been our focus from day one and it continues to be what drives our success.


- Technical information
Europress Press fitting concept
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Time is money and our pressfittings save you money.
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Europress is a trusted name to its many clients in both Australia and New Zealand for providing simple, easy, safe, economical, and efficient pipe fitting systems. Our systems have set a benchmark in providing an effective solution, and experts can provide you with the necessary technical information on the pressing equipment you have purchased.


Solar Powered LED Light
Solar-powered LED lights are street lights or area/parking lights fully powered by solar energy. They come in different shapes and sizes with optional features like motion sensors and remote controls.
They can be used at places where it is difficult to wire. They can be installed at homes and for commercial purposes such as:
- Pathway illumination
- Lighting up the night
- Eco-friendly security lights
Solar LED Light Components
Solar street lights are the most functional outdoor lighting system that works automatically from sunset to sunrise. These led lights use only green and renewable solar energy for their operation.
The primary components of a solar street light are:
The solar panel absorbs solar energy and converts it into usable electricity to illuminate the solar street light. The process is known as the photovoltaic effect. The street light’s performance majorly depends on the type and wattage of solar panels, and the size of the solar cells determines the amount of electricity generated.
Polycrystalline or monocrystalline are commonly used in solar street lights.
A battery’s primary function in a solar street light system is to store the converted electric energy to illuminate the light source at night. Modern street lights mostly use lithium-ion or LiPO4 batteries.
The function of the controller is to protect the battery from overcharging or undercharging. These controllers provide multi-stage charging and convert excess voltage into amperage extending battery life. The converted electricity gets stored in the battery via the controller.
The photoreceptors in the lamp sense when the conversion process stops and turn on the light using the stored electricity in the battery. LED is the most common light source since it consumes less energy than fluorescent and incandescent lamps.
LED Light with Solar Panel
The heart of the unit is an LED light with solar panels and a battery. An outdoor solar system can be installed anywhere with sufficient light. The lighting may come in various forms, such as spotlights, sign lighting, garden feature floodlights, and light poles.
Solar panels are a good choice for LED lighting because:
- LED Lights Are Energy-Efficient and Save on Costs
- LED Lights provide higher visibility
- LED lights and solar panels both have a long lifespan.
Solar LED garden lights
Illuminated gardens throughout the night make the space more lively, attractive, and safe. A well-lit garden also adds value to the property. Solar LED garden lights are best suitable for property owners as these lights are more economical.
Commercial and residential properties both employ decorative exterior lights. The main benefit of solar-powered lighting is how affordable it is. Since there is no wire needed, installing solar garden lighting is simple.
Because solar garden lights turn on and off automatically, using them is also quite easy. All weather conditions are appropriate for these lights because they are meant to be waterproof.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the solar led light price in India?
A 20-watt solar street light can cost around Rs. 17,000.
What type of LED is used in solar street lights?
The most popular type of LED for solar street lighting is one with a cool white color.


New Delhi, Oct 13 Prime Minister Narendra Modi will visit Bihar on Saturday where he will lay the foundation stones for four sewerage projects under the Namami Gange Programme and four national highway projects in Mokama area of Patna district.
The total outlay of these projects will be over Rs 3,700 crore.
The four sewerage projects for which the foundation stone will be laid are Sewage Treatment Plant at Beur, Sewerage System with Sewer Network at Beur, Sewage Treatment Plant at Karmalichak, and Sewage Treatment Plant and Sewer Network at Saidpur — all in state capital Patna.
“These projects together will create new STP capacity of 120 MLD and upgrade the existing 20 MLD for Beur,” said an official statement.
The four national highway projects for which foundation stones will be laid include four-laning of Aunta-Simariya section of NH-31 and construction of six-lane Ganga Setu.
The other three projects are four-laning of Bakhtiyarpur-Mokama section of NH-31, two-lane construction of Maheshkhunt-Saharsa-Purnea section of NH-107 and two-lane construction of Biharsharif-Barbigha-Mokama section of NH-82.
Modi will also address the Centenary Celebrations of Patna University.


Soil Moisture Meter, Soil Humidity Sensor, Water Sensor, Soil Hygrometer for Arduino consists of two probes that measure the volume of water in the soil. The two probes allow the electric current to pass through the soil and, according to its resistance, measures the moisture level of the soil.
When there is more water, the soil conducts more electricity, which means that the resistance will be less. So the moisture level will be higher. Dry soil reduces conductivity. So, when there is less water, the soil conducts less electricity, which means it has more resistance. So the moisture level will be lower.
It has a detection length of 38mm and a working voltage of 2V-5V. It has a Fork-like design, which makes it easy to insert into the soil. The analog output voltage boosts along with the soil moisture level increases.
VCC: 3.3V-5V GND: GND DO: Digital output interface(0 and 1) AO: Analog output interface


According to the MarketsandMarkets forecast, the structural health monitoring market is expected to grow from USD 701.4 Million in 2015 to USD 3407.7 Million by 2022, at a CAGR of 24.99% between 2016 and 2022. Structural health monitoring solutions are used across various sectors such as civil infrastructure, aerospace, energy, mining, and others. The increasing initiatives of governments worldwide towards the maintenance of aging structures such as bridges, dams and roads are likely to drive the growth of the structural health monitoring market. The efficient performance of structures in civil infrastructure, aerospace and energy industry also depends on the hardware and software components used for monitoring purposes….
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You can turn the landscaping of drainage solutions into value-added features for your garden and protect natural waterways. Ditches can be created as hollows that look like river beds or small grass. Stormwater can flow into the rain garden to provide a habitat for butterflies and birds. Driveways, terraces, and sidewalks can be constructed with permeable paving, not forming puddles due to water seepage. All these solutions are part of the development strategy for stormwater drainage alternatives. Read below the concept of this strategy and find out what are the option for Detroit’s Residents who need water to work.
How does stormwater drainage work?
Because these garden drainage ideas allow rainwater to sink into the ground gradually, they help reduce flooding. They also naturally filter out debris, including oily residue from cars, so it does not end in lakes or streams. "You can do something for the environment while solving the basement problem," said Roger Cook, an old house gardener and head strategist of the development plan.
If the construction site has rainwater pipes or ditches at a reasonable distance, drainage fro. In that case, the roof and any paved or enclosed areas must be collected and directed into the rainwater pipes or ditches. In many cases, the ditches or channels along the highway will be laid outside the real estate line, which is the responsibility of the highway administration, which may have its connection requirements and should be included in the Installation Guide. For pipe sewers, all connected drain pipes must meet similar requirements as drain pipes that transport waste to floor sewers. Saddle or branch connections must be made under the guidance of a licensed plumber or qualified person and must not obstruct the flow of sewers or drains. The drain pipe itself must be laid on the self-cleaning slope and properly grouted to prevent the roots or the surrounding soil from infiltrating.
These hazards must be weighed against the desirability of treating clean water discharges without connecting them to human sewer systems. Release of air-conditioning and cooling water from dairy products or small industries, or flushing warehouse floors with hoses, etc., should not require treatment, but the volume of water may be too great to be dealt with by soakaways.


DESBOROUGH BOWLING CLUB, MAIDENHEAD
CLIENT | DESBOROUGH BOWLING CLUB / SORBON ESTATES
CONTRACT | Design & Build
SECTOR | Commercial
TIMESCALE | 50 weeks
VALUE | £ 5,000,000
OUTSTANDING BOWLS CLUB BUILT TO SPORTS ENGLAND STANDARDS.
Wren have built a new, state of the art bowls club for Desborough Bowling Club in Maidenhead. The 30,000 sq ft facility has been constructed to Sports England Standard and provides both indoor and outdoor bowling facilities together with changing rooms, toilets, offices, reception area, events bar and restaurant facilities.
Wren carried out all aspects of the design and build project including all associated m&e works, the installation of new statutory services to the facility, construction of a new pedestrian bridge over the river, and a new members car park.


HFM 100 Series – Thermal Conductivity Measurement System
The HFM-100 Heat Flow Meter method is an easy-to-use rapid technique for thermal conductivity measurement and thermal resistance measurement of insulation products, construction materials, packaging, and assemblies. A measurement of thermal conductivity is an indicator of the ability of a material to conduct heat and can be critical for defining energy efficiency and thermal performance in materials. The Thermtest HFM has been designed and engineered to combine the highest accuracy, repeatability, widest temperature range, and industry-leading performance, all at an exceptional value. Follows international standards: ASTM C518, ISO 8301, and EN 12667.


SPIRAL HDPE PIPE produces a spirally wound structured wall pipe manufactured from PE-HD known as SPIRAL StructuredWallHDPE Pipe. It is available in diameters ranging from 400mm to 3 500mm.
The SPIRALStructured Wall HDPE Pipesystem is economical and competitive, as the structured wall concept creates a pipe with superior ring stiffness, utilising considerably less raw material than conventional solid walled thermoplastic pipes of equal stiffness.
A wide range of profile sizes and winding Pitches are available for almost all requirements in any type of soil condition.
In the manufacture of SPIRAL Structured Wall HDPE Pipe a specially designed inner liner is wound upon a heated rotating mandrel. A hollow extruded rectangular profile, is then wound over the inner liner and intimately bonded to it. This innovative wall construction uses geometric efficiency to maximizes ring stiffness.
A wide range of profile sizes and winding Pitches are available for almost all requirements in any type of soil condition. Because SPIRAL Structured Wall HDPE Pipe is manufactured on a mandrel, the internal diameter remains constant for each nominal size, irrespective of wall profile or thickness. The versatile nature of HDPE permits the custom fabrication of bends, tees and man-hole units to compliment the pipes, as well as corrosion resistant tanks to meet a wide range of applications.
Loading @ Pexmart Spiralite Structured Wall HDPE Socketed Pipe (Manufactured in Accordance to SANS 21138) (Lusaka Sanitation Project)


First-class design capabilities, strong R&D capabilities
SCROLL THE MOUSE
The vibrating screen is widely used in non-ferrous, ferrous mines, coal, road construction and other industries. Its sieve plates and screens can combine different mixtures of materials through single-layer or multi-layer sieves into several materials with different particle sizes to meet certain Beneficiation process requirements.
Vibrating sieve is widely used in non-ferrous, ferrous mine, coal, road construction and other industries. Its sieve plate and sieve can combine different mixture materials into several materials with different particle size through single layer or multi-layer sieve to meet certain . Beneficiation process requirements.
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Manufactured using galvanised pipe work which is protected with an anti-corrosive Polyamide 11 high visibility yellow plastic coating to give good resistance to acids, bases, seawater and oils, all fittings are brass and the 250mmØ shower head and eye wash bowl are manufactured from ABS reinforced plastic. The eye wash has two high flow, aerated low pressure outlets fitted with automatic opening dust covers.
This combination safety shower and eye wash has been designed to meet and exceed the internationally recognised standards: EN15154 parts 1 & 2, DIN12899.3 and ANSI Z358.1.
|Water inlet pressure:
||Recommended 2 bar with a maximum of 8 bar - please notify us prior to ordering if your water pressure is below 1.5 bar
|Shower flow rate:
||Regulated at 110lpm
||Full bore 1”
|Eyewash flow rate:
||Full bore ½”
||76 x 26 x 22cm
Download a datasheet for FSCS
Download a technical drawing for FSCS