Job Order Contracting (JOC) is a project delivery method utilized by clients to procure numerous commonly-encountered construction needs quickly and easily for a wide variety of renovations, repairs and construction projects under one contract.
By using this construction-based method to procure construction services, you can drastically cut down on cost, time and inefficiencies inherent to small, fast-track construction projects. Emergency repairs, facility maintenance, and other high-priority construction needs can be completed, from the moment the need is recognized in less time than it traditionally would take to even hire a contractor. Additionally, you're able to hire larger contracting firms that have the resources and industry-leading tools that come being one of the largest builders in the nation for their smaller projects.
Build Long Term Relationships
Fast track delivery method
Best Practices Deployment
Minimizes Procurement Time & Cost
2500+ JOC Projects Delivered
500+ JOC Education Projects Completed
$111 smallest Purchase Order
48 hours – Average response time


At Villages, we believe that affordable housing should be energy efficient and provide a healthy living environment for our residents. We have been a leader and early adopter of green building technologies, designing and constructing our developments to conserve natural resources and reduce material waste. All of our new developments and property rehabilitation efforts are designed to meet Enterprise Green Communities certification standards.
Our commitment to green building includes the following practices, for example:
- Performing energy audits on our units to identify opportunities for improvements.
- Recycling household trash, seasonal yard waste and building materials.
- Installing compact fluorescent lighting, low-flow faucets and showerheads and Energy Star appliances.
- Using low-VOC (volatile organic compounds) cabinetry, countertops and paint.
- Incorporating geothermal and photovoltaic technologies into new construction and rehabilitation project designs.
- Maintaining clotheslines for air drying.
- Mulching lawn clippings back into the lawn.
- Participating in programs that promote energy conservation, such as the Platte River Power Authority’s LightenUP Program.
The Village on Stanford – A Model of Sustainability in Affordable Housing
In 2010, Villages renovated an apartment complex built in the 1970s, creating a model of sustainability in multifamily housing. The Village on Stanford incorporates building and landscape design features and heating and cooling systems that conserve energy and contain utility costs. It utilizes a thermal solar system for its heating throughout the community. The community clubhouse has solar electric panel and a geothermal exchange system — it’s energy efficiency actually adds electricity back to the city’s power grid.
Awards for Village on Stanford
- 2011 NAHRO National Award of Excellence in Project Design for Village on Stanford Sustainable Renovation
- 2011 Colorado NAHRO Mountain Plains Award for Affordable Housing Design for Village on Stanford
- 2011 Colorado NAHRO Energy and Green Building Award for Village on Stanford Sustainable Rehabilitation
- 2011 Northern Colorado Renewable Energy Society (NCRES) Award for Exemplary Project for Village on Stanford


Early German and Slavic tribes did not know the art of construction with brick and stone as the Romans did, but used wood. Later on as wood became scarce a method usually referred to as “HALF-TIMBERED” construction was employed.
In England it is also known as “WATTLE AND DAUB” construction and in Germany it is known as “FACHWERK”. Vertical and horizontal frames of timber were erected for the walls. These frames or compartments were then filled with whatever material was available, woven tree branches, twigs or similar materials. Then both sides were covered with plaster, resembling what we know as stucco work.
Many of the old houses in the villages from where our Wendish ancestors came were constructed in this manner, including the old Biar house in Gröditz and the old Moerbe house in Guttau. Both of these were still in good repair in 1992. At that time some of these old houses still had the old thatched roofs. After World War II the writer observed in Bavaria when repairs were made to half-timbered buildings due to war damage the frames or compartments were filled with whatever material was available, small pieces of brick, mortar, etc.
There are still many villages in Europe, not damaged by war, that have many of these quaint-looking, often very picturesque, buildings constructed in the “Fachwerk” style during the 15th to the 17th centuries. These buildings line the streets on both sides and are especially picturesque when timbers with various designs are left exposed and painted with a glossy dark color, usually brown, in contrast to the light color of the stucco. Many of these buildings house shops, eateries, and the like, on the ground floors; while the floors above them are used for living quarters. On many of the beams just above the ground floors the year of construction, quotations from the Bible, etc., appear. One observation that the writer made in some villages, especially if the population is predominately Lutheran, is that if the buildings were built before the Reformation the texts are in Latin and if the buildings were built after the Reformation the texts are in German.


Correct steps of application of waterproofing membrane to wet areas before tiling. e.g shower walls & floor. We also issue compliance certificates for all out waterproofing works to Australian standards AS 3740.
Domestic & commercial tiling
Ceramic, Porcelain, Natural stone. Mosaic tiles and more in any large or small format.
Application of sand and cement ratio with additives to level floor or create gradient fall for shower bases.
Installation of ceramic tile underlay
Application of ceramic tile underlay with Australian standards recommended nails on timber flooring before installation of ceramic or porcelain tiles.
Grouting & re-grouting
Application of selected suitable grout into tile joints after tiles are fully cured. Re-grouting is the process of removing old mouldy grout and applying new grout into tile joints.
Tile repair & maintenance
Chipped and cracked tile repair and overall tile maintenance.
Tile sealing & epoxy grouting
Application of sealer to top of tiles or grout joints to prevent stains and moulds. Application Epoxy grouting in a situation where chemical resistance and superior strength is required. E.g shower floor in bathrooms.
Tile demolition works
Removing of old tiles, cleaning and rubbish removal.
Application of carefully selected suitable silicon to perimeters of tiling joints.


The beautiful wonders of the Panama Canal and Central America can be fully appreciated by taking a Panama Canal or Central America cruise. No vacation comes close to the dramatic scope of an epic cruise journey through the Panama Canal - from the warm waters of the Caribbean to the white-sand beaches of the Pacific Coast. Linking the mighty Atlantic and Pacific oceans took over three centuries, two nations and overcoming many obstacles to turn an ambitious idea into "the eighth wonder of the world." The Panama Canal is beauty and function on a scale beyond compare - nature, machine and man working in total harmony. A Panama Canal cruise offers more than a passage through the historic Canal, it also includes the magic and beauty of the Caribbean, Central America and Mexico.
Visiting the Panama Canal and Central America without taking a Panama Canal and Central American cruise is missing an important part of the Panama Canal and Central America experience. For Panama Canal and Central America cruise discounts use our Online Search which contains hundreds of Panama Canal and Central America cruise deals.


The Gwinnett County Zoning Resolution and the Gwinnett County Property Maintenance Ordinance contain requirements regarding the location, material, and maintenance of accessory buildings and structures. These requirements are applicable in the unincorporated areas of the county. Accessory buildings such as detached garages, playhouses, and storage buildings, and structures such as pools, amateur radio towers, decks, and patios are subject to certain regulations. Accessory buildings and structures are considered subordinate in nature to the principal building, that is, the existing home on the lot.
On interior lots, that is, lots which are not corner lots, accessory buildings and structures shall be located in the rear yard behind the house. On corner lots, not only must accessory buildings and structures be located in the rear yard behind the house, but they must also be setback from the side street the same distance as the setback for the house. Accessory buildings and structures must be located no closer than 5 feet to any side or rear property line.
The size of an accessory building shall not exceed the size of the existing house. If the accessory building is proposed to be greater than 500 square feet, it shall be finished in siding, stucco, or brick and shall not have a metal exterior finish. A building permit is required to be obtained for accessory buildings and structures that are 32 square feet or greater in size. A building permit is required to be obtained regardless of size if the building or structure is proposed to contain an electrical, mechanical or plumbing system. A "to scale" drawing must be provided showing the proposed building or structure in relationship to the house and property lines. A copy of your loan survey with the proposed building or structure drawn upon it is the best way to satisfy this plan requirement. The fee for the building permit is assessed at $6 for each $1000 of construction cost plus $25 for the Certificate of Completion. The minimum permit fee is $30 plus $25 for the Certificate of Completion.
If the home is served by septic tank, approval from the Environmental Health Department is required prior to permit issuance. The Environmental Health Department may be reached at 770.963.5132. For further information about accessory buildings, please call the Development Review Section of the Department of Planning and Development at 678.518.6000 between the hours of 8:00am and 5:00pm, Monday through Friday, except holidays. For further information about building permit fees, please call the Building Permits Section of the Department of Planning and Development at 678.518.6020 between the hours of 8:00am and 5:00pm, Monday through Friday, except holidays.


Building on a hillside can cause additional risks. Read tips on how to help avoid claims, minimize future costs and maximize safety when building on a hillside from Travelers Canada.
Tips for Builders & Developers
As a builder, you have several projects happening at once, and each project is a big investment on your time and resources. Guarantee the quality of your work. Read the Travelers Canada New Home Warranty builder bulletins and bring peace of mind to your projects.
With proper upkeep concrete driveways can provide years of serviceability. Learn more about how to care and maintain a concrete driveway from Travelers Canada.
Managing surface water by directing water away from your home is the primary defense for keeping your basement dry and avoiding costly water damage. It is important to also consider where this water gets redirected to. Learn about managing surface water from Travelers Canada.
Over the years, there has been a marked increase in structural failures as a result of cast-in-place concrete toppings on decks because concrete has a natural tendency to crack. Read more about how to prevent cracking concrete and tips for decks with concrete toppings.
Building codes throughout Canada have been requiring increasingly more energy efficient homes in recent years. As a result, there have been greater performance requirements pertaining to the airtightness of homes and improved ventilation systems. Learn about heat recovery and energy recovery ventilators with Travelers Canada.
We're committed to educating our builders on ways to reduce claims and improve home construction. Exterior column failures can cause structural issues for homes. Read more about exterior posts and how to prevent structural concerns.


Environmentally-friendly construction is a worldwide trend. Everyone wants a safe home for themselves and their children. Therefore, it is important to know what materials can be used to build an eco-house today, what is better to use for the exterior and interior.
For an environmentally friendly house to be truly such, it must be built and operated under certain requirements:
- Electricity, heating, hot water should come mainly from renewable energy sources;
- For the house to retain heat for as long as possible, it is important to observe special architectural and design aspects;
- It is necessary to build it with the use of effective insulation;
- Use of local building materials. They are quite low-cost in the method of extraction, transportation, and processing, and also make it possible to build a house without the use of heavy machinery.
- It is better to use a material that can be disposed of on-site after the construction or operation without harming the environment.
The foundation of the house largely determines how long the structure will last. Its strength depends on the load that the walls and roof will exert. For wooden walls and those made of modern lightweight materials, it is sufficient to use a strip foundation made of concrete. The ideal combination of the price and quality is the pile-grid base made of the armature, sand, roofing material, and extruded expanded polystyrene. It can be arranged on soils of any type.
For heavier houses, it is better to use a monolithic plate. Such a foundation is not afraid of the proximity of groundwater and can be built on any type of soil. A monolithic slab is usually used as a basement floor.
Wooden houses are built mainly of coniferous trees: spruce, pine, larch, etc. Wooden walls are well ventilated, retain heat, and create a favorable microclimate. The disadvantage is a short life, low fire safety, susceptibility to pests, fear of moisture. Some chemicals remove these shortcomings, but in this case, the environmental friendliness of the tree is lost.
You can also use lightweight aerated concrete. It is made of natural materials with the addition of various chemical additives that make its structure porous. Due to the porosity, these materials have good thermal insulation properties. Small weight and a variety of sizes allow conducting high-speed construction. It also has high fire safety.
The roof should not only protect the house from precipitation and mechanical damage but also play an aesthetic role. It is a decoration of any house. The copper roof is considered to be the most beautiful and prestigious. Its service life reaches 100 years, but it is one of the most expensive options.
The tile roof is not inferior in beauty and environmental friendliness. It is divided into cement-sand and ceramic (clay). Such roofs do not accumulate static electricity and are fireproof. Their service life reaches 150 years.
The warmth and comfort of natural wood combined with excellent technological qualities (low thermal conductivity, good sound insulation, environmental friendliness, maintainability) are the main reasons for the increasing demand for modern wooden windows.
At the same time, windows made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) also meet environmental requirements. PVC is a very friendly material. It is absolutely safe for human health and is not a threat in the production of windows, such as cutting and bending window profiles. It does not emit harmful substances.
In addition to windows, PVC pipes are used to make water pipes, as well as containers for transporting and storing blood, so this material is completely harmless to the environment. An additional factor in favor of PVC windows is that old windows can be reused. PVC is suitable even for seven-fold processing, but wood is not. Glass and aluminum are also processed after preliminary separation.
Pine wooden doors are the most popular in the construction market today. Even though the pine array used in the manufacture of door structures is pre-treated, it retains its natural properties. During processing, the strength and moisture resistance of the material increases. Ecological doors of an elite class are made of the massif of an oak or a beech — firm and durable breeds. Such wood varieties as alder, ash, and birch are also widespread.
Medium-density fiberboard (MDF) is also an excellent material for doors. Unlike the usual chipboard, MDF isn’t made with the use of synthetic glue, but on pitches of a natural origin. This feature allows applying MDF to the category of materials safe for health. Medium-density boards are usually used in the production of door blocks in combination with softwood.
Future developers always have a lot of questions about building an environmentally friendly house. That is why it is essential to carefully select the necessary materials that meet all requirements.


TSE Water Supply in Dubai
We provide TSE water supply services in Dubai. TSE water is of great importance as it is used for irrigation purpose. TSE water is mainly used for watering plants and crops. In a country like UAE, where rains are not frequent, plants and crops need irrigation water for their survival. Further we have special tanker trucks for this purpose. Our professional team works efficiently to accomplish this task. TSE water is provided in different capacitates to all parts of Dubai.
Irrigation Water Tanker Services in Dubai
We provide TSE water or irrigation water Tanker services in Dubai. Further we use 1500 Gallons, 5000 Gallons , 10000 Gallons and 15000 Gallons tankers for TSE/ Irrigation water delivery. Mostly different companies use TSE water according to their needs for landscaping, construction sites etc. We also have team of professional drivers for TSE water delivery. Further we use TSE water for plants and crops irrigation. Moreover companies also use it for compaction purpose. We also equip our tankers are with sprinklers for watering plants and land. Irrigation water is best alternate to fulfil water requirement in Dubai and all over UAE.
TSE Water Tanker
We have a special fleet of green trucks and team of professional people for TSE water delivery. We also supply and deliver TSE Water Tanker to different sites all over Dubai in various range/capacity of 15000 Gallon, 10000 Gallons , 5000 Gallons, 1000 Gallons. In Dubai, TSE water tankers are used to supply gardens, Construction Site, Landscaping . We also provide certificates with each delivery to confirm that our water meets the required standard. We get TSE water from different sources of water and we transport it in large quantities to various destinations. Further we provide irrigation water round the clock in all Dubai. You can avail our services just by giving us a phone call.


The four projects are in the south of Sweden of which three are in SE3 and one in SE4. They have a total combined capacity of approx. 220 MWp.
Following their scheduled completion in 2023, -24 and -25, the four parks will lead to avoidance of approx. 132,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions every year and the generated electricity will meet the annual electricity need of about 44,000 Swedish households.
In addition to delivering the projects fully permitted and with grid connections. Helios will also provide project management services during construction and technical and commercial management -services during the operation of the plants.


DP WORLD SIGNS CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS FOR EXPANSION OF FLAGSHIP JEBEL ALI PORT
Phase 1 of the new Terminal 4 to add 3.1m container capacity bringing the port’s total to 22.1m by 2018
Terminal of the future will change the way ports work, says Chairman HE Bin Sulayem
4 March 2016
DP World, the leading enabler of global trade, has signed two major contracts for civil construction work at its new Container Terminal 4 on a reclaimed island in Jebel Ali Port.
His Excellency Sultan Ahmed Bin Sulayem, DP World Group Chairman and Chief Executive Officer;Zeyad Baker, Executive Director, Dutco Balfour Beatty LLC and Patrick McKinney, Area Manager, Middle East and Gulf, BAM International Abu Dhabi LLC – Dubai Branch,signed on behalf of their respective companies.
The ceremony took place at DP World Head Office in Jebel Ali and was attended by senior officials including Vice Chairman HE Jamal Majid Bin Thaniah, Senior VP and MD of UAE Region Mohammed Al Muallem, Senior VP Global Procurement Iqbal Khoory and Senior VP Project Management Adnan Al Abbar.
Under Phase 1, Dutco Balfour Beatty LLC is developing an operational yard area with a quay length of 1,200m. BAM International Abu Dhabi LLC is building a 400m bridge and adjacent causeways and the 2.2 km quay wall with an alongside depth of 18 metres, designed to accommodate the largest mega container vessels. CH2M HILL (Halcrow) will deliver the civil works on the reclaimed island north of Jebel Ali’s Terminal 2, connected to the mainland by a 3,000 metre causeway.
HE Sultan Ahmed Bin Sulayem, DP World Group Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, said: “We are excited to see construction work going ahead as planned for Container Terminal 4 in the run up to Expo 2020. We continue to support the transformation of Dubai into the world’s smartest city as envisioned by His Highness Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President and Prime Minister of the UAE and Ruler of Dubai.
“This terminal is the big idea that will change the way ports work in the future. We will deploy the latest technology in equipping our quays and yards, and run them with the most sophisticated terminal operation systems. We have a long track record of investing proactively to expand capacity at our operations to meet changing customer needs. We are building Terminal 4 from the ground up, which enables us to future proof it for smart container ships emerging in the future.”
Under Phase 1, Terminal 4 will add 3.1 million TEU (twenty-foot equivalent units) by 2018, taking Jebel Ali Port’s total capacity to 22.1 million TEU. The port will be equipped with at least 110 cranes with a total quay length of around 11,000 metres by that time.
DP World will further expand Terminal 4’s capacity to a total of 7.8 million TEU in line with market demand under Phase 2, with an additional operational yard with a quay length of 1,000 metres that will be built by Dutco Balfour Beatty LLC.
Zeyad Baker, Executive Director, Dutco Balfour Beatty LLC, said: “Dutco Balfour Beatty is honoured to be selected for this project. Our association with DP World goes back to 1976 when we undertook the construction of Jebel Ali Port. Our new partnership for this exciting new chapter in the port’s development demonstrates the long term nature of our continuous involvement in a port that emerged four decades ago to become the world’s largest man-made harbour. We thank DP World for the sustained trust they have placed in us.”
Patrick McKinney, Area manager, Middle East and Gulf, BAM International Abu Dhabi LLC – Dubai Branch, said: “We are delighted to be associated with a global trade enabler like DP World in developing infrastructure. We are grateful for their confidence in our expertise and capabilities to execute this engineering challenge. Our strategy of deploying advanced construction techniques, expert line management highlighting safety processes will underpin the delivery of this project on time and on budget.”
Terminal 4 will be equipped with semi-automated quay cranes, providing operational efficiencies for customers, comfortable and safe working conditions for employees and environmental benefits by reducing its carbon footprint.
Phase 1 will feature 13 of the world’s largest and most modern quay cranes, remotely operated from a sophisticated control room off the quayside. Some 35 Automated Rail Mounted Gantry cranes (ARMG) will operate in the yard.
Mr Bin Sulayem, added: “With our 4 million capacity TEU Container Terminal 3 fully operational this year, Jebel Ali will have the capability to accommodate ten mega container ships simultaneously and the new Terminal 4 will increase that handling capability. It will be ready in time to meet the expected increase in trade over the next five years and to ensure Jebel Ali Port reinforces its position as the top commercial gateway to this region.”
When complete Terminal 4 will operate as a dedicated container operation, including storage of full, reefer and empty containers using modern container handling equipment.
Jebel Ali and other DP World terminals in the UAE handled 15.6 million TEU in 2015. Utilisation at Jebel Ali remains high at approximately 90%. Last year, DP World ‘s global portfolio of container terminals handled 61.7 million TEU.


The weather that comes with seasonal fluctuations can cause cumulative damage to your roof. Although roofs are designed to be tough and can last years before needing replacement, excessive snow and ice buildup can reduce their lifespan. Let’s discuss how seasonal elements impact your roof along with other important prevention tips for you to consider.
Freeze And Thaw
The biggest problem with snow and ice is the gradual accumulation on your roof during the winter. If your shingles have any cracks, the ice and snow can create serious problems regardless of what type of roof you may have. Even the smallest cracks in your shingles will leave your roof vulnerable to water saturation and eventual leaks.
Snow and ice begin to melt through the cracks, and liquid slowly makes its way toward the interior of your home. Even if the snow and ice don’t melt, the filled-in cracks will expand and grow, making your roof that much more vulnerable to leaks during future rainfall.
As ice and snow begin to accumulate on your roof, ice dams start to form as well. Ice damming refers to the process where snow and ice melting on your roof flow down and then freeze at the edge of your roof, holding the rest of the water back. Ice dams cause serious gutter issues and sometimes might even cause the flashing on your roof to tear.
Roof stress is another factor that can affect a roof\’s lifespan. Heavy accumulation of snow and ice can place extreme strain on your roof. This stress can eventually prove detrimental. Roofs in Texas aren\’t designed to support that kind of weight. When ice dams block the flow of water, they will create even bigger blocks of ice.
These ice blocks tend to be quite heavy and put the roof under immense stress. We suggest that homeowners keep an eye on any gradual accumulation during particularly long stretches of cold weather.
How To Prevent Snow & Ice Problems?
Help protect your roof from seasonally accumulated damage by making sure that it is properly maintained throughout the year. Diligent maintenance is the only way to guarantee a long lifespan for your roof.
Assess and photograph your roof at least once every two months and look for any cracks or ice buildup that might create a problem in the future. If anything starts to look different, call the professionals at First Out Roofing to take a look.
First Out Roofing
Snow and ice will not be much of a problem if you are diligent about roof maintenance and inspection. Always rely on a competent service that looks after your roof and performs annual maintenance checks to prevent future complications.
First Out Roofing prides itself on providing great roofing services at prices you can afford, including 24-hour post-storm inspections. Our team also handles leak repairs, decking, windows and doors, and even home remodeling. For more information or a free quote, call or visit our website today! Because diligent maintenance begins with a diligent roofing company.


KhanLex advised a Chinese highway construction firm – “Longjian Road & Bridge Co Ltd” – on its concession agreement with the Government of Mongolia to build a new road in the western Mongolia. According to the agreement signed in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, on 13 March 2015, “Longjian Road and Bridge Co Ltd”, as a concessionaire, will build the road under the Government of Mongolia’s PPP program. This will become the first road BT project in Mongolia.
Longjian Road & Bridge Co Ltd is a PRC-based company principally engaged in construction of roads and bridges in PRC and overseas. The company is listed on Shanghai Stock Exchange (code: 600853.SS).
The KhanLex team on this transaction was led by Enkhbat Batsukh and assisted by Uchralbayar Iderkhangai, a senior associate.
Link to the further news on this transaction
N.B.: Enkhbat Batsukh led the above work while being a partner with the merged firm “MDS KhanLex LLP” (now de-merged). In 2018, Enkhbat Batsukh together with Uchralbayar Iderkhangai, another former lawyer of “MDS KhanLex” who advised on the above transaction, have relaunched their pre-merger firm “KhanLex Partners LLP”.


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The management of construction projects is a wide ranging and challenging discipline in an increasingly international industry, facing continual challenges and demands for improvements in safety, in quality and cost control, and in the avoidance of contractual disputes. Construction Management grew out of a Leonardo da Vinci project to develop a series of Common Learning Outcomes for European Managers in Construction. Financed by the European Union, the project aimed to develop a library of basic materials for developing construction management skills for use in a pan-European context. Focused exclusively on the management of the construction phase of a building project from the contractor’s point of view, Construction Management covers the complete range of topics of which mastery is required by the construction management professional for the effective delivery of new construction projects. With the continued internationalisation of the construction industry, Construction Management will be required reading for undergraduate and postgraduate students across Europe.


(One of the reasons for unstable connectivity of the valley in the absence of the traditional Jhelum Valley Road is the missing tunnels on most of the other links going through the surrounding mountains!)
The National Highway NH-1A, the only life line to Kashmir valley has given this year the worst headache during its entire existence. Earlier too it had once broken down during winter for a month or so. That time supplies including medicine and kerosene had to be flown to Srinagar in IAF aircraft. Since the partition of the Indian sub-continent in 1947 which resulted in the J & K state getting divided in two parts, one each with the newly created countries, Kashmir has remained physically isolated especially during winters.
This unnatural partition also closed the only real life line of Kashmir along the Jhelum River known as the Jhelum Valley Road. Prior to partition this had been the main connection of the valley to the outside world. At present a section of the highway from Ramban to Bannihal is being widened to make it a proper highway.
However, the widening of the Road by extensive blasting has destabilized the entire mountain range and massive slides have been coming on the exiting road and quite a few times the stretches of the road have been totally washed down forcing the road builders to make new temporary stretches. Reportedly, the technique adopted for its widening and the procedures followed by the contractors have resulted in massive slides.
Some engineers have opined that the road builders should have first fully stabilized the upper slopes before starting the widening. The other alternative could have been to use the mountain slopes on the other side of the Chenab River either by creating a new road stretch or going in for a series of tunnels.
While talking of tunnels, it may be pointed out that there could be other alternatives for connecting the valley in winter but these are blocked because of absence of tunnels which had initially been incorporated in the projects but were never taken up for some unknown reasons.
The immediate instance is of the Mughal Road constructed along the route even followed by Mughals and practically the easiest and the shortest one apart from the traditional Jhelum Valley Road. A tunnel under the Pir Ki Gali pass which gets blocked due to heavy snowfall would cost Rs. 500 crores.
This tunnel was already a part of the project when it was initiated. In fact, the project had to face many hiccups before it finally materialized. The other route which too could be used in winter and which passes through more solid mountains is the road across the Simthan pass going to Kishtwar. This road too gets blocked during winter due to heavy snowfall on the pass. A tunnel could make it an all-weather year round connection. Again for some unknown reasons construction of a tunnel under Simthan pass has not been considered by the government.
At the present moment the most talked about is the Zoji La tunnel. The province of Ladakh has remained disconnected by surface during winter for ages. Ladakh had always remained a camel caravan destination. It was part of the famous Silk route and there used to be very active trade between Kashmir and Central Asia on Bactrian camel (double humped) caravans. Some of these camels are still in Nubra Valley as a big tourist attraction. Nowhere else in the entire sub-continent can one see these Bactrian camels! The surface road to Ladakh through Zoji La pass was constructed after the Indo-Pak conflict of 1947. The road got a boost after the 1962 India-China war.
The road was subsequently improved and black topped throughout its length making the two week journey to Ladakh on camels and horses to be completed in a day only! However, like other similar roads it was useable in summer only as heavy snow on Zoji la pass would completely close it.
The snow depth has been sometimes recorded as 40 feet or so. Again, a tunnel has been missing here which could have made it an all-weather round the year road. Ladakis have been agitating for this tunnel for a long time as they are truly living in a totally land-locked country especially after the closure of Kargil-Skardu, Leh-Lahasa and Leh-Kashgar routes which used to remain open throughout the year. Recently there was a lot of pomp and show for starting the construction of the Zoji La tunnel.
The work was started but reportedly there was some dispute with the construction company and the project has probably got delayed. However, the work on the first tunnel leading to Sonamarg is reportedly going on. The main Zoji La tunnel had run into some legal problems. It is supposed to be the longest tunnel in Asia.
Tunneling is now a very sophisticated procedure with latest boring devices which can bore through hardest rock granite like cutting butter!The Chinese have very sophisticated boring devices. They have constructed a large number of some very long tunnels.
In Europe they have the Eurostar train going through a tunnel under the Channel between England and France. Italy and France are connected by a 12 km long tunnel under the Mont Blanc, the highest mountain in Europe. It would have been ideal if this job of tunneling had been assigned to a global firm specializing in the field of tunneling.
The most important tunnel, the Bannihal Tunnel known as Jawahar Tunnel was also constructed by German engineers in early sixties. It has lasted almost 60 years without any major problem. Had this tunnel not been there, Kashmir would have remained cut for six months as used to happen before sixties of the last century. The winter blockade of Kashmir valley as well as Ladakh creates a claustrophobic situation for the local the population.
They feel physically imprisoned which creates many psychological problems apart from physical shortages of all essential supplies. Ending this physical isolation can even help in calming down the overall situation. The authorities should go ahead through some reputed international construction firms to complete all these “Missing Tunnels”! That would be a boon for Kashmir as well as Ladakh!
Mohammad Ashraf, I.A.S. (Retired) (Former Director General Tourism, Jammu & Kashmir)


Transfer Pumps TEL3
The TEL 3:1 is best suited to pump great volumes of liquid through long pipe systems, eg. for colors circulating systems.
A double action design of the pump insures a uniform flow whichever direction the piston is moving.
The path of the piston ball and suction valve ball are adjustable to enable the pump to cope with a wide range of viscosities.
Its small size and weight make installation and maintenance simple.
Manufactured enterely of stainless steel, the pump is ideal for transferring water based or corrosive fluids.
38 l/min. (10 gpm)
0,63 lit. (2,4 gallons)
11 cm. ( 4 1/4 in)
3-8 bar (40-110 psi)
24 bar (330 psi)
1/2'' npt (f)
1 1/2'' npt (f)
3/4'' npt (f)


1 edition of Fundamentals of building insulation found in the catalog.
Fundamentals of building insulation
|Statement||prepared by Insulation Board Institute, Chicago, Illinois.|
|Contributions||Insulation Board Institute.|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||42 p. :|
|Number of Pages||42|
E.M. Alawadhi, in Eco-Efficient Masonry Bricks and Blocks, Introduction. Thermal insulation materials are chosen to reduce heat flow across a medium, and they can be made of a single or multiple materials. Thermal insulation materials save the U.S. industry more than $60 billion/year in energy costs (Cengel, , pp. –).Therefore, the significance of the insulation. Chapter 1 Introduction Themes1 From its beginnings in the late nineteenth century, electrical engineering has blossomed from focusing on electrical circuits for power, telegraphy and telephony to focusing on a much broader range of disciplines.
New introductory material on the processes, organization, constraints, and choices in construction offers a better look at the management of construction. New sections covering the building envelope uncover the secrets to designing enclosures for thermal insulation, vapor retarders, air . Fundamentals of Building Construction: Materials and Methods; Roll over image to zoom in. Click to open expanded view. Fundamentals of Building Construction: Materials and Methods. Rp 5, Rp , (%).
Dr. Joseph Lstiburek will discuss building science principles (such as the control of heat, air and moisture and IAQ) and show you how to apply them to low-energy enclosure design, advanced HVAC systems, forensic investigations, and the repair and retrofit of existing buildings. The Fundamentals class has been attended by thousands of builders. Plumbing systems, used in building applications. Course duration is 14 hours 7 hoursfor cold & hot water distribution systems in building. present, the tables in code books are marked to indicate a reference to the exclusion, exception, or alternative options.
Heart of my heart
Proposals, for erecting and encouraging a new manufactory.
Book of Indian life crafts.
A discourse delivered in the chapel of Harvard College, November 17, 1795.
All-digital HDTV terrestrial broadcasting in the US
Introduction to class actions
comparative study of nursery education in Malaysia and the United Kingdom
Huntercombe Golf Club 1900-1983
endeavour to classify the sepulchral remains in Northamptonshire or, A discourse on funeral monuments in that county.
Impact of IRCA on the U.S. labor market and economy
Conan of Cimmeria
Fundamentals of Residential Construction is the definitive guide to single family and multifamily home building that details every step of the construction process.
From siting and foundations to finishing details, this book provides a complete walk Cited by: Companion book, Exercises in Building Construction, available in print or e-book format; Fundamentals of Building Construction, Sixth Edition lays the foundation that every architect and construction professional needs to build a successful by: The leading guide to professional home construction, updated and expanded Fundamentals of Residential Construction is the definitive guide to single family and multifamily home building that details every step of the construction process.
From siting and foundations to finishing details, this book provides a complete walk-through of professional home construction. Over 1, drawings and. The conversation around healthier buildings often focuses on light and air quality, but the noise levels also significantly impact health and wellbeing.
Increasingly, though, many industry standards, guidelines and building rating systems now have acoustic criteria sections, elevating the importance of acoustics in building occupant wellbeing. fundamentals of building construction Download fundamentals of building construction or read online books in PDF, EPUB, Tuebl, and Mobi Format.
Click Download or Read Online button to get fundamentals of building construction book now. This site is like a library, Use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. This book is an excellent reference for explaining the whys and wherefores of construction, although it doesn't give specific building instructions.
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out of 5 stars Hardcover. $ # Insulation is measured in R-value, the capacity of an insulating material to resist heat flow. The higher the R-value, the greater the insulating power. When you’re purchasing insulation, buy or specify R-value, not inches, as R-values of materials vary.
Achieve a higher. Start studying Fundamentals of Building Construction: Chapter 1. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Companion book, Exercises in Building Construction, available in print and eBook format; For the nuts and bolts on building construction practices and materials, Fundamentals of Building Construction: Materials and Methods, 7 th Edition lays the foundation that every architect and construction professional needs to build a successful s: Bibliography Includes bibliographical references and index.
Contents. Preface to the Sixth Edition xi 1 Making Buildings 3 Learning to Build 4 Buildings and the Environment 5 The Work of the Design Professional 11 The Work of the Construction Professional 19 Trends in the Delivery of Design and Construction Services 24 2 Foundations and Sitework 31 Foundation Requirements 32 Earth.
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By Taylor Olson
Noun | \ ˈərth-ˌkwāk \
1: a shaking or trembling of the earth that is volcanic or tectonic in origin
For Alaskans, experiencing the occasional rumble and shake of an earthquake is no different than glancing outside and realizing that it’s begun to rain. As the most seismically active state in the United States, according to US Geological Survey, most Alaskans are well accustomed to the standard earthquake safety procedures—drop, cover and hold.
Earthquake Timeline: Notable earthquakes throughout Alaska’s history
Good Friday Earthquake / Great Alaska Earthquake
- March 27, 1964, 5:36 p.m.
- 9.2 Magnitude
- Most powerful earthquake in U.S. history, second most powerful earthquake in the world
- 11 aftershocks greater than 6.0 that day
2016 Old Iliamna Earthquake
- Jan. 24, 2016
- 7.1 magnitude
- Four homes destroyed in Kenai due to gas leak related fires
2018 Anchorage Earthquake
- Nov. 30, 2018, 8:29 a.m.
- 7.1 magnitude initial, followed by a 5.7 magnitude six minutes after
- More than 80 aftershocks that day, at least three greater than 5.0
- It occurred about 10 miles north of downtown Anchorage and ruptured a fault between about 20 and 35 miles deep—and, according to the UAF Alaska Earthquake Center—it caused the strongest ground shaking in the area since the 9.2 magnitude Great Alaska earthquake in 1964.
According to the Alaska Seismic Hazards Safety Commission, since 1900 Alaska has had an average of:
- One “great” earthquake (magnitude 8.0 or larger) earthquake every 13 years
- One magnitude 7.0 to 8.0 earthquake every year
- Six magnitude 6.0 to 7.0 earthquakes per year
- 45 magnitude 5.0 to 6.0 earthquakes per year
- 320 magnitude 4.0 to 5.0 earthquakes per year
- An average of 1,000 earthquakes are located in Alaska each month
In addition, Alaska also has…
- 11% of the world’s recorded earthquakes
- Three of the eight largest earthquakes in the world
- Seven of the 10 largest earthquakes in the United States


CycleSafe provides bicycle parking solutions with the best in quality, innovation and reliability to promote sustainable and livable communities.
Founded in 1980, CycleSafe provides secure bicycle parking products that include shelters, lockers, wall racks and bicycle racks for indoor and outdoor use. Our durable inverted U/2 bicycle racks provide leading edge coating technology and offer the best solution for short-term bicycle parking. the one-bend bike rack design accommodates two bicycles per rack and is widely regarded as the recommended standard for space efficiency and bicycle protection. CycleSafe bike racks are completely coated with a thick, rubberized plastic coating over schedule 40 steel pipe for maximum corrosion resistance, impact resistance, and protection of bicycle finish. This combination has proven to resist rust, scratches, and dents better than any other finish. Our U/2 racks are available with an in-ground mount, surface mount, or rail mount installation option.
The bicycle locker pioneer, CycleSafe lockers are the premier lockers of choice, offering the most secure, versatile, and cost-effective bike lockers on the market. The ProPark series is a modular, interlocking locker system that stores bikes and gear in aweatherproof, fire-retardant, vandal-deterrent structure. A standard unit has a door on each side and a diagonal interior partition, creating triangular stalls for two bikes. Modular systems can be configured to meet any site’s specifications and are designed to be flexible, accommodating to future expansion and retrofits.


We produce High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Pipe, which is available in ISO -4427 standard like PN-10 to PN-12.5 (SDR-17 and 13.6). By using 100% virgin HDPE compound which grad PE-100. RFL HDPE pipes have an average life of more than 50 years under normal working conditions. RFL This High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Pipes are available in different sizes ranging from 20 mm to 650 mm.
- • Low specific weight
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- • Abrasion and wear
- • Good chemical resistance
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1. Water Supply Systems
2. Industrial Application
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- • As a replacement of G.I. Pipes in Bore Well application for submersible pumps.
- • For suction and delivery lines of jet pumps and centrifugal pumps.
3. Environmental Protection
- • HDPE Pipes can be used for disposal of corrosive effluents chemicals and treated / untreated wastes.
- • Acids and Alkalies can be transported through these pipes.
- • For conveying edible oils, fruit pulps, juices, milk and other food products.
- • As ducts for Air Conditioning and Ventilation.
4. Hydro - Transport Systems
- • HDPE Pipes are also used for industrial waste treatment plants & Water treatment plants.
- • For drainage of Sewerage.
- • For disposal of sand - slurry in dredging operations.
- • HDPE Pipes can be used for transporting slurries of Iron - Ore, Fly Ash etc.


Information and guidance system is designed for the monitoring and provision of information on the occupancy of individual parking spaces in the car park.
The system represents a solution to the current problem of a high proportion of traffic generated by drivers seeking vacant parking spaces.
The guidance system is able to provide drivers with the latest and dynamically changing information on the availability status of monitored parking spaces.
Using clear guidance signs, vehicles are guided directly to identify vacant parking spaces that are the closest to vehicles’ current positions.
With the help of the parking guidance system, drivers are able to find a vacant parking space quickly and easily.
The resulting benefits are the reduction of stop-start traffic, pleasant experience of parking, elimination of stressful situations and positive attitude towards the car park operator. The reduction of traffic minimizes the occurrence of traffic accidents.
The positive mental state of drivers is important for all commercial subjects that need to stimulate required shopping behaviour, repeated visits and the increase of customers’ loyalty.
In highly competitive environment, the parking guidance system may become a competitive advantage and generate additional profits for operators.
The parking guidance systems are suitable for internal space of buildings mainly with a high number of parking spaces, complicated interior layout or high traffic load.
The parking guidance system is suitable for the following areas: high-capacity garages and indoor car parks / car parks of private companies / business and shopping centres / hospitals and other healthcare institutes / airport car parks / office and congress centres / universities and other institutes of education.


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The next step in Indonesian residential roofing has been realised with InsulRoof®, the composite roofing panel featuring contoured Bluescope® roof lines and dual layers of high performance insulation. InsulRoof® is the inspired roofing solution, delivering Indonesian homes the ultimate in thermal and aesthetic benefits.
Insulroof® features a corrugated Bluescope® steel exterior, a lightweight expanded polystyrene core with fire-retardant (EPS-FR) for high performing insulation, and a pre-painted steel underside. These high strength panels allow for impressive spans and are faster to install, eliminating the need for traditional trusses, mesh, sarking, insulation, plasterboard and supporting trades. Available nationwide with a 10 year warranty, InsulRoof® is the inspired solution for Indonesian homes.
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A new underground Metro station will be opened by the Roads and Transport Authority (RTA) in Dubai on September 1. There will be a metro station constructed at Jumeirah Golf Estates well before Expo 2020 Dubai.
The station covers an area of 28,700 square meters. During peak times, it can handle 11,555 riders per hour, or about 250,000 a day. There are two boarding platforms, four bus stops, 20 taxi stands, and 400 free parking spaces, including 20 reserved for people with disabilities. In addition to four point-of-sale display areas for retailers, the facility has 14 outlets for investors over 466 square meters.
Stations on Route 2020 have an exterior design that is unique and stylish. Dubai’s take-off to the future of innovation is reflected in the iconic design of the station at the Expo 2020 site, according to the RTA.


Kallanai is also known as the “Grand Anicut”. It is one of the oldest irrigation dams in the world built around 2000 years ago.It is the world ancient first dam which is built (In Running water) across the Kaveri River in Trichy District in the state of Tamil Nadu in South India.
The dam was originally constructed by the ‘Chola king Karikalan’ around the 2nd Century AD and is considered to be one of the oldest water-diversion or water-regulator structures in the world which is still in use.
The Kallanai dam was originally built by Karikala Chola around second century AD ( 2000 years ago). The main idea behind constructing the dam was to divert the river to the delta districts thereby boosting irrigation. The dam was then re-modeled by the British during the 19th century.
In 1804, Captain Caldwell, a military engineer was appointed to make a study on the Kaveri river and promote irrigation for the delta region. The main reason to bulit the dam is that to divert floods from the Kaveri branch of the river into the Kollidam branch “via a short connecting stream”. He proposed a solution and raised the dam stones to a height of 0.69 m, thus increasing the capacity of the dam.
The Lower Anaicut was built by Sir Arthur Cotton in 19th century AD across Coleroon, the major tributary of Cauvery,it is said to be a replicated structure of Kallanai till now.
The dam was constructed in a elegant way to see the dam from any point. The dam is about 329 m (1,079 ft) long, 20 m (66 ft) wide and 5.4 m (18ft) high.The Kaveri river splits into two at a point 20 miles (32 km) west of Kallanai. The two rivers form the island of Srirangam before joining at Kallanai.
The northern channel is called the Kollidam (Coleroon). The Kollidam river spilts the formation of silt.the other retains the name Kaveri, and empties into the Bay of Bengal at Poompuhar. On the seaside face of its delta are the seaports of Nagapattinam and Karaikal.
About the Dam :
The main purpose of the Kallanai dam was to divert the waters of the Kaveri across the fertile delta region for irrigation via canals. The dam splits the river Kaveri into 4 streams known as Kollidam Aru, Kaveri, Vennaru and Puthu Aru.
The dam is made of roughly cemented stone and is 1,080 feet long and 60 feet wide, across the main stream of the Cauvery. The area is irrigated by the ancient irrigation network of which the dam was the centrepiece, covering about 69,000 acres. By the early 20th century, the irrigated area had increased to about 1,000,000 acres.
From Sarkarpalayam village, one can take the Sarkarpalayam-Kalanai road and 1.5 km after reaching Thogur village, lies the Kallanai Dam. Taxis can be hired from Tiruchirapalli.
The nearest airport is Tiruchirappalli airport about 13 kms away from the dam site.
Nearest Railway Station is located at Lalgudi railway station Junction which is 4 kms away from the Kallanai Dam.
Kallanai dam is 45.3 Kms (1 Hour 12 Minutes) from Thanjavur old bus stand, 51.6 Kms (1 Hour) from Thanjavur New bus stand, 19.5 Kms (25 Minutes) from Tiruchirappalli.


What people do every day is to build homes. These homes would not be complete without installing roofs. It is very important for roofs to be installed. This is because roofs act as protection from anything that may hit the house from the top. Some experts specialize in installing roofs. These experts are called roofing contractors. Getting the best contractor is very important. The purpose of this article is to help anyone choose the best roofing contractor.
One of the most important tips to follow when choosing the best roofing contractor is experience. The number of years the roofing contractor has been in the industry is another way his or her experience can be seen. The roofing contractor that should be considered the best is the one with many years of experience under his or her belt. Another way one could determine the experience of a roofing contractor is the number of projects the roofing contractor has worked on. Many projects are a sign of experience of the roofing contractor. An experienced roofing contractor will have worked on many roofs.
It is also important to consider whether the roofing contractor has qualified staff when choosing the best roofing contractor. What the roofing contractor cannot do is work on the roof alone. Therefore, he or she will need a team to help him or her. The qualifications of this team must be ensured. It is important to ensure that the roofing contractor and his or her team will build the best roof possible. It is also very important for the reviews of the roofing contractor to be considered. The purpose of reviews is to show what former clients thought of the services they received from the roofing contractor. The roofing contractor that should be considered the best is the one that gets the most positive reviews.
Another important guideline to be considered when choosing the best roofing contractor is the safety measures. To be considered quite dangerous is the installing of roofs. Considering safety before starting on the roof is a sign of the best roofing contractor. The roofing contractor will have necessary documents to prove that he or she and his or her team can work on the roof. The required permits should be presented before the work begins. Another thing to be presented is insurance. Insurance shows that in case of an accident, no legal action can be taken against the house owner. What this achieves is the creation of confidence in the roofing contractor. To be considered the best is the roofing contractor that always puts safety first.


Cirrus™ is the latest insulation technology from Rab. It’s a synthetic insulator that combines the benefits of natural down insulation, without the drawbacks. Cirrus™ is made up of water-resistant fibres, which mimic the structure of natural down to create a cloud of warmth.
When Cirrus™ insulation is blown into the baffle chambers of a product the fibres expand, filling the baffles and providing excellent warmth to weight properties. In fact, Cirrus™ has been proven to deliver the same warmth to weight ratio as 600 Fill Power duck down. Unlike down, however, Cirrus™ performs well in damp conditions, making it perfect for the British weather.


Asphalt paving, a familiar sight in modern urban landscapes, is the ubiquitous solution used for building roads, parking lots, and even airport runways. However, the history of asphalt as a paving material is as deep and rich as the substance itself. This essay aims to explore the origins of asphalt paving, its development, and modern uses.
The story of asphalt begins in ancient times, around 625 B.C., in the ancient city of Babylon. The Babylonians were among the first civilizations to use asphalt as a construction material. They utilized it as mortar for building and waterproofing various structures. The ancient Greeks were also aware of asphalt, which they called ‘asphaltos’. They used it primarily for insulation and waterproofing purposes.
However, the use of asphalt for paving only began in the late 18th century. Before this period, roads were typically unpaved, which presented a multitude of problems, especially in inclement weather. The first recorded asphalt pavement was in 1824, in front of the Newark, NJ, city hall. This asphalt was obtained from asphalt mines in Trinidad.
The use of asphalt paving increased significantly in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. A significant development was the use of hot mix asphalt pavement, which came into being in the 1870s. In 1870, a Belgian inventor named Edmund J. DeSmedt laid the first true asphalt pavement in the U.S. in front of the city hall in Newark, New Jersey.
The advent of the automobile in the early 20th century increased the demand for better roads, thus driving the development and use of asphalt paving. The construction of highways and interstates during the 20th century, particularly in the United States, was a significant driver of the growth of the asphalt industry. The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, which created the Interstate Highway System in the U.S., was a seminal moment in the history of asphalt paving.
As the industry grew, so did the technology. By the 1960s, drum mix plants and other automated facilities became prevalent, leading to more efficient, high volume production of asphalt. Recycling was also introduced during the 1970s in response to the oil embargo. Today, asphalt paving is recognized as a cost-effective, sustainable method that uses recycled materials and contributes to the longevity and smoothness of the pavement.
Asphalt is not just a practical solution but also an environmentally friendly one. Asphalt is 100% recyclable, and the industry reuses about 99% of the reclaimed asphalt pavement it recovers. Additionally, the development of warm mix asphalt technologies has led to reductions in energy consumption and emissions during production and placement of asphalt.
Moreover, asphalt has proven itself to be a versatile material for paving, being adaptable to a wide range of conditions and applications. Its durability, cost-effectiveness, and recyclability make it a go-to choice for everything from airport runways to parking lots, driveways, and especially roadways.
In conclusion, asphalt paving has a rich history dating back to ancient times. Its development and adoption have been significantly influenced by societal and technological advancements. Today, asphalt paving is an indispensable part of modern infrastructure, reflecting the innovation and resilience of the human spirit. The future of asphalt paving lies in continued technological advancements, improved sustainability practices, and an ongoing commitment to quality and durability.


The River Great Ouse (/uːz/) is a river in England, the longest of several British rivers called “Ouse”. From Syresham in Northamptonshire, the Great Ouse flows through Buckinghamshire, Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Norfolk to drain into the Wash and the North Sea near Kings Lynn. With a course of about 143 miles (230 km), mostly flowing north and east, it is the fifth longest river in the United Kingdom. The Great Ouse has been historically important for commercial navigation, and for draining the low-lying region through which it flows; its best-known tributary is the Cam, which runs through Cambridge. Its lower course passes through drained wetlands and fens and has been extensively modified, or channelised, to relieve flooding and provide a better route for barge traffic. The unmodified river would have changed course regularly after floods.
River Great ouse
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Septic Tanks How They Work
Septic Tanks How They Work
What's Next In Septic Tank Technology In The Future?
Rural residents aren't always able to have access to the sewer system of the city. You will need a domestic water treatment facility to treat and dispose of the waste. This is the reason homeowners who live in small areas or do not have access to municipal sewage systems should have one installed prior to making the move. There are a variety of septic tanks for homes available however, they all accomplish the same thing: remove the waste that we produce from our homes and eliminate unwanted materials before pumping pure water to surface water whenever required. Due to the smaller volume of liquid that is produced daily larger tanks will be capable of reducing costs.
What Is The Cost Of A Septic System Cost?
Traditional septic tanks are an old system that's not working in the same way nowadays. It can cost anywhere from $2,500 to $5K in the USA, before you consider permits. It doesn't include the expense of installing your drain field and soil testing. Aerobic and anaerobic types are what you should be considering if money isn't the main thing on the mind. A different option is to purchase one of these "septic systems" that are brand new machines. They're expensive initially however they will last long and require very little maintenance.
Aerobic systems require oxygen, which helps in the process of decomposition, and results in less sludge than alternatives. This effluent can be utilized for irrigation in the event that there isn't any other source. Anaerobic food items also require less space as it requires roughly half as much leach field surface area when compared with traditional system designs, but comes with a price that starts at about 13000 USD per 1000 gallons that are processed by treatment tanks every year. Have a look at the most popular problems with eljen septic system for more.
What Is The Cost For The Septic System?
They can be constructed from polyethylene or plastic. They're also lightweight and cost-effective. A typical cost for 1000-gallon tanks is around 1150 dollars. However, leakage can cause problems in certain states. They've been banned in the US since cracked tanks can lead to costly repairs. The concrete septic tank is a well-known and reliable workhorse that can last for decades without having to be replaced. There have been occasions when these tanks crack. However, the cracks are rarely severe. Fiberglass septic systems are an affordable option that homeowners can install quickly and easily. Unlike concrete or plastic tanks that can be difficult to install with limited space in some instances, fiberglass tanks don't have cracks like the other alternatives that are listed here. They're much lighter! This means less strain weighing your house down which equals higher quality construction overall with no additional cost when compared with other tanks out there today (such as stainless steel).
What Does This Mean For Me Personally?
Understanding the variables that impact your septic tank cost can be a complicated process. It is essential to understand what options you have for installing a septic tank as well as what they will cost. NexGen Septics experts make this process simple. We provide detailed explanations of everything that is involved, from soil preparation to permits to maintenance costs. These factors have a significant impact on determining the total cost for new systems. See the top septic work for recommendations.
Types Of Septic Systems
The selection of system for septic isn't an easy one. The kind you select will impact the cost and the effectiveness of it and whether it has enough space to be set up. They are the most frequently employed kinds.
1.) Anaerobic Septic System
A septic tank does not require electricity to operate. Anaerobic bacteria work in these systems to take out and process waste from your home's sewer line until it's depleted. These systems are easy to set up and can cost between $2k and $5K, depending on the features you select. This installation is easy and anyone with experience in repairs at home should be able to handle it.
2.) Aerobic Septic System
Aerobic septic systems function by using aerobic bacteria to dissolve waste in the septic tank. A timer and effluent can be combined to boost the process. However, wastewater won't spill onto your lawn or crop in the same way as an anaerobic tank does. The advanced toilets are priced at between $13k and $26k per year that's less than half of the cost required for traditional pit toilets.
Septic Tank Types
There are three types septic tanks available: concrete, plastic gravel, and concrete. Additionally, there are fiberglass-based septic tanks. They're lightweight, yet strong enough to stand up to harsh conditions such that it is used on farms and other locations where water pumps can be moved around. Concrete is another popular option because of its weight which gives stability so that your home won't be drowned by rainwater. We also discovered these lightweight, but sturdy, bags made of polyester that you can easily find in any store nowadays. These are especially useful if your home is near an urban area as the urbanization process is bringing us closer to one another than ever before. Check out the top rated how a septic system works for more.
Plastic Septic Tanks
Septic tanks are a great option to manage your waste, but it's important to get one that will last. The lightest and most cost-effective kind of septic tank you can buy is polyethylene. They're also more likely to crack or rupture at certain points. The materials have been evolved to make them more robust. But the use of these toilets is restricted in some regions, like California. The cost for 1000-gallon models varies based on the area you plan to put them.
Fiberglass Septic Tanks
Fiberglass septic tanks can be light and simple to install. They also have lower algae growth than other types. Fiberglass tanks also resist shrinking or expanding which helps to prevent the formation of fractures in the course of time. They are not as porous as clay-based soil systems. Fiberglass prices can vary depending on the size of the tank. They generally cost between $1600 and $2000 for tanks of 1000 gallons up to 1500 gallon capacities. The price increases by 50 percent to 100% once the option is added.
Concrete Septic Tanks
Concrete septic tank are strong and long-lasting. They are able to last for 30 years when constructed properly. For 1,000 gallons, the cost is $1,200. A 1500-gallon model costs $1 800. Concrete tanks last a period of about 15 to 20 years but it can last much longer depending upon how well maintained.


A water main is an underground pipe that delivers water to a resident’s service pipe. In residential areas it usually runs under the street. If a hole or crack develops in the pipe, the water will typically find its way to the surface. Because the water main is under pressure, water will continue to flow until the break is repaired.
Water main breaks are more likely to occur when frost penetrates deep into the ground, to a level of 3-5 feet, usually from late January until early April. While cold temperatures may send the frost deeper, the level of snow cover is also important. Snow will act as a "blanket" insulating the ground. In years when there is plenty of snow, the frost does not go as deep.
If water needs to be turned off for a water main break, homeowners will receive little or no notice. The water can flood streets and private property causing damage and safety hazards, and must be controlled as quickly as possible.
At that time a boil order will be issued, and water sample(s) will be taken for testing in keeping with EPA standards.
Boil Water Order Guidelines(PDF)


IntroductionA roofer’s work is never done. That goes for commercial maintenance, too. Whether it’s repairing a hole in the roof or reworking an entire system, a roofer is always on the lookout for ways to improve the quality of their work and make things easier for their customers. In this article, we’ll share five comercial maintenance reviews that will help you better understand what makes a good roofer and what you should look out for when hiring one. From quality materials and workmanship to responsiveness and customer service, these reviews have it all.
Benefits of a Commercial Roofing Maintenance Program
Commercial roofing maintenance is one of the most important aspects of a successful roofing operation. A well-maintained roof can protect your property from the elements and keep your business running smoothly. Here are some of the benefits of having a commercial roofing maintenance program:
1. Improved Property Protection
A well-maintained roof can protect your property from wind, rain, and snow damage. Not only that, but a properly maintained roof can also help to reduce energy costs by reducing the amount of heat lost through the roof surface. In addition, a good commercial roofing maintenance program can also help to reduce noise levels in your building and improve air quality.
2. Reduced Maintenance Costs
A properly maintained roof not only protects your property, it also reduces the need for repairs or replacements down the road. By taking care of small problems before they become big ones, you can save money on both long-term expenses and short-term repairs.
3. Increased Building Efficiency
Reduced noise levels and improved air quality lead to increased building efficiency – both during regular operations and during peak times when demand is high. This saves businesses time and money in terms of employee productivity as well as fuel costs associated with operating an office in an environment that’s unhealthy or uncomfortable.
4. Enhanced Safety Profile
A well-maintained roof not only looks better – it also has a safer profile for employees working on or near it.
Four Basic Types of Commercial Roofing Services
There are four basic types of commercial roofing services: flat, tiled, shingle, and metal.
Flat roofs are the most common type of commercial roofing service. They are made up of a series of large panels that are easily replaced. Flat roofs are easy to clean and maintain, but they can be less durable than other types of roofs.
Tiled roofs consist of a series of tiles that cover the entire roof surface. Tiled roofs are more expensive than flat roofs, but they are also more durable. They require fewer repairs and can last longer than flat roofs.
Read More Roofing Services Near Me
Shingle roofs are made up of small, individual shingles that overlap each other. Shingle roofs are less expensive than tile or metal roofs, but they require more maintenance. They can also be damaged by hail and windstorms.
Metal roofs are the least common type of commercial roofing service. Metal roofs ARE NOT recommended for new construction because they require special installation methods and can be very expensive to replace in the event of a major storm or fire.
How Commercial Roofing Maintenance Programs Work
Commercial roofing maintenance programs typically consist of a combination of scheduled inspections and repairs, as well as proactive prevention and maintenance tips.
The most common type of inspection is for signs of wear or damage to the roof surface that may be due to weather conditions or normal use. If problems are found, they will be fixed before they cause any more damage. This type of inspection is usually done every six months, but can be more frequent if there are signs of deterioration.
Preventive maintenance includes checking gutters and downspouts for blockages, inspecting flashing and roofs for proper alignment, maintaining chimneys and vents, checking insulation levels, and performing other tasks as needed. These programs often include regular inspections to check for changes or updates.
It is important to note that not all commercial roofing maintenance programs are created equal. Some may only include scheduled inspections while others may also include proactive preventative measures like insulation checks or chimney sweeps. Ultimately, it is up to the specific program provider to determine what services they offer and how frequently those services will be performed.
The Different Levels of Maintenance Required for Commercial Roofing
Commercial roofing is subject to a higher level of maintenance than residential roofing. The different levels of maintenance required for commercial roofing are as follows:
This level of maintenance is required on a monthly basis to keep the roof in good condition. Activities that fall under regular maintenance include checking for leaks, fixing any damage that has been done, and cleaning the roof surface.
If there are any major repairs or replacements that need to be done on the roof, this level of maintenance will cover them. Activities that would fall under this category would include replacing a section of the roof, repairing a large hole or crack, or installing new shingles.
If extensive repairs or replacements are necessary, this level of maintenance will cover them. Activities that would fall under this category would include repairing or replacing all the shingles on the roof, drilling holes into the ceiling or walls to install air conditioning units, or rebuilding part of the roof structure.
Which Type of Roofing System is Best for Your Business?
There are a few different types of roofs that can be used for commercial buildings, but asphalt shingles are the most common. They’re affordable and easy to install, so they’re a great choice if you need a quick solution. However, they don’t last as long as other types of roofs, so you may need to replace them more often.
Another option is metal roofing. This type of roof is usually heavier than asphalt shingles or tiles, and it can be more expensive to install. However, it’s also very durable and can last for many years. If you want the best possible roofing system for your business, metal is probably the best option.
Finally, there are many types of membranes that can be used as roofing systems. These membranes are made from different materials and have different properties, so they’re good for different kinds of businesses. If you have any questions about which type of roofing system is best for your business, contact an experienced roofer.
Read More Roofer Review Near me


NR40 A new rubber lining product
Eurogomma is happy to offer our clientele a new rubber lining product.
NR40 is designed to protect several surfaces in metal, concrete, plastic, etc. thanks to the addition of a 1mm Neoprene bonding layer under the natural rubber protective sheet so to guarantee easy and durable application in combination with the most of adhesives available on the global market.
NR40 is typically used to protect hydrocyclones, screener boxes, bunkers, silos, discharge chutes, etc.
Please download product leaflet at http://www.eurogomma.com/documents/NR40%20lining%20rubber%20sheeting.pdf


5th Global Infrastructure Basel (GIB) Summit
Focus of the 5th GIB Sustainable Infrastructure Summit: Transforming momentum into real impact. The 5th GIB Summit will take place on 27th & 28th May 2015 at the Hilton Basel, Switzerland. High level speakers such as mayors, ministers, investors, developers, credit rating agencies, sustainability experts, etc. will tackle current issues. Additionally, there will be real investment opportunities where infrastructure projects in need of financing present their projects.


Construction materials trading companies act as intermediaries between building manufacturers and users of construction products. Present throughout the national territory, they are aimed at a clientele composed mainly of professionals.
Their teams play an essential role in terms of technical advice to building craftsmen and the general public, a role which is all the more important when it comes to implementing the provisions.
The availability and reliability of technical advice, respect for the environment and the safety of people and goods are therefore at the heart of the concerns of professionals in the construction materials trade. You need to choose the cement binder Selangor there.
Concrete Construction’s Benefits
Our society relies heavily on concrete because it is the only material capable of providing the following benefits at a cost that is economically viable:
Increasing a structure or pavement’s strength, durability, longevity, and resilience during its lifetime
Material’s thermal mass enables it to perform at its best in every climate. Moreover, it’s a building material that won’t catch fire, rust, or decompose.
The feeling of security and safety
There are almost no limitations to the shapes and colours that may be achieved with this material. It is also gas-tight.
Concrete has excellent sound and vibration isolation, low maintenance costs, and is completely recyclable; in addition, the raw materials needed to make concrete are widely accessible in almost any region of the globe. We can’t think of more versatile building material on the globe. Here are a few more specifics:
Carbon Footprint Smallest
Combined with industry advances such as low carbon Portland limestone cement (also known as Contempra) and concrete carbonated or cured with CO2 rather than water, concrete helps to make it the lowest carbon construction material across the life cycle of a structure or pavement.
Life cycle assessments in the construction industry can currently reduce up to 72 percent of carbon emissions from wood products, according to a new study published today by the International Institute for Sustainable Development. When these emissions are taken into account, concrete’s intrinsic carbon footprint can be up to 6% less intensive than that of wood products.
The Strength, Durability, And Low Maintenance Of Our Products
With time and exposure, concrete grows even stronger than it was when it was first put in place. While the total cost of ownership is reduced, so is the environmental impact associated with more frequent repairs or rebuilds.
Concrete, unlike other materials, does not burn, corrode, or decay. Construction costs may be reduced by using a material that is impervious to fire and water, as well as wind, water, vibration, and earthquake. Concrete structures have been shown to be the most resilient of all building materials due to the occurrence of extreme weather conditions.
Efficient In Energy Use
As a result of the thermal mass of concrete, a building’s heating and cooling needs may be reduced as much as 8 percent via the use of concrete’s interior ( see research ). its long-term usefulness Energy-efficient technologies like hydronic heating and cooling, geothermal power, and radiant flooring may boost concrete’s efficiency by as much as 70 percent compared to the Model National Energy Code for Buildings when used in combination with concrete. In the event of a power outage, a building’s “passive survivability” improves, allowing it to tolerate these disruptions. As a result, not only are residents happier, but the city as a whole saves money on electricity.…


See our projects on residential, office and commercial construction
Estate "PARK LEŚNY BRONOWICE"
Construction of the complex of multifamily residential buildings with storage rooms and parking spaces located in the basement of the buildings in the area of Starego Dębu Street
Estate PARK LEŚNY BRONOWICE – stage A
Construction of the complex of multifamily residential buildings with storage rooms in the area of Starego Dębu Street and Paserrnik Street in Cracow – STAGE A – 10 buildings
APARTEMENTY Z OGRODU - 2015 - 2017
Construction of a multifamily residential building with an underground garage, including internal installations, at Jesionowa Street in Cracow
HOTEL PERFECT – 2015 - 2017
Construction of a hotel building with internal installations and land development together with finishing works at Kupa Street in Cracow.


ARDATEM makes its expertise and know-how available to the energy and nuclear sectors by means of its two hubs.
INSTALLATION / MAINTENANCE HUB:
This first hub focuses on installation and maintenance activities.
Our teams research, produce, install, commission and maintain electrical, automation and instrumentation equipment and valve systems.
RESEARCH / ENGINEERING HUB:
The second hub covers multi-domain engineering and technical assistance. Thanks to our outstanding knowledge of the nuclear environment, our teams work within power plants providing assistance with project ownership, project management, maintenance management, preparation and scheduling.
We have expertise in various technical fields: civil engineering, mechanics (valves, boiler-making, pipework), electrical engineering, automation and instrumentation, testing and commissioning, radiation protection, operation and security of facilities.


We are now in full swing into our exciting new project to extend our existing centre to include a refreshment area and many new community based activities. We are hoping to be completed by the end of November so please be patient with us at this time. If you are visiting us, you will see that entrance to the centre has been moved so please follow the directions. This week we have seen the old office and ladies toilets knocked into one creating a large space. Also work has begun on knocking through into the existing Church. All very exciting. Tomorrow (Friday 14) we will have a crane at the rear of the centre as the steel posts will be lifted into place. We are very grateful to our neighbours for their patience at this time. Watch this space for updates and photos…………..
This is the old office and ladies toilets being demolished to make more space for the new centre. Work is gong well and we are all very excited to see how things
The entrance to the community centre is now via a temporary ramp which is non slip and suitable for buggies or wheelchairs. Once in the centre, please take note of the signs
Thanks to Tony Best for capturing this lovely photograph of our church.


Rosie Hackett Bridge Launch
Davis Events delivered an exciting opening ceremony to launch the new Rosie Hackett Bridge on Dublin’s River Liffey. The new bridge was purpose built as part of the LUAS Cross City project and was named in named in honour of Rosie Hackett for her dedication to the Irish Trade Union Movement.
Sitting centre on the bridge was a wonderful vintage tram and entertainment was provided by the Civic Union Band. Special guests included Lord Mayor of Dublin and Minister for Transport. After a special ribbon cutting ceremony and plaque unveiling, the bridge was officially open to the public!


The drain tile is the most important component of a subsurface drainage system. This specialized pipe is more popularly known as a French drain or weeping tile. This is metal or plastic perforated piping meant to be installed underground along the perimeter of a building to direct storm water away from the footings and foundations of homes.
How to diagnose a clogged drain tileCheck the walls of the basement for moist or wet spots. This could be a sign that the drain tile needs to be cleaned. It is common for roots, soil, and debris to get into the drain tile through the gaps in its perforated surface.
To determine whether or not the water seepage is caused by a blocked drain tile, look at which part of the foundation is wet. Dampness at the lower part of the foundation will move up through the floor to the walls. Anything higher than that indicates a grading or downspout problem.
Unclogging a Drain TileTrained plumbers like those at Milani Plumbing, Drainage, & Heating, may use a sewer snake to unclog a drain tile. This tool is a flexible cable that has a rotating blade at one end. When the contraption is threaded into a pipe and rotated, the blade can gouge through debris that might be clogging the passage. It is inserted into a water collection point while water at high pressure is used to flush out the bits of debris pushed out by the rotating augur. Pipes that are too clogged or damaged to be cleared out with a sewer snake may need to be dug up and replaced.
Just as late autumn or early winter is the right time to have the heating in your Langley home looked at and calibrated, spring’s one of the best times to put your drainage system through a routine check-up. Having a professional conduct regular maintenance on your home can help you avoid costly repairs and save you from many a major headache.


ACEC’S 2016 Engineering Student Photo Contest
The 2016 contest winner was Brett Crowley a civil engineering student at Queen’s University. His submission featured a photo he took of the market bridge in Lilongwe, Malawi while working with Engineers Without Borders Canada in Africa along with the caption: “I want to use my engineering degree to build structures for equality in our world.”
Congratulations to Brett and thank you to all the students who participated for their inspiring submissions, which are available to view here.
Careers in Consulting Engineering Start Here
Soon you'll be graduating from university with a degree in engineering, but what next? Consulting engineering might be just the career for you.
Top 5 Reasons to Consider a Career in Consulting Engineering
5. Think Global
4. Make a Difference
3. Go Green
2. Real Challenges
1. Great Opportunities


Reasons Why You Should Opt for Steel Water Storage Tanks
Water harvesting and storage is crucial to address the challenges of water shortage in many parts and therefore, it is worthwhile to invest in water storage tanks. Nevertheless, those are not the only factors to consider because water storage tanks are made from different materials and you should select the most appropriate one. The first consideration when selecting a water tank is its material, and for a long time, a steel core tank has been outstanding. Steel tanks have numerous advantages, and you can learn about a few of them in this article.
Longevity Corrugated steel is resistant to the vagaries of weather which can destroy the tank material within a short period. The steel does not rust or corrode, and thus, it does not require internal or external coatings. The steel material can withstand high temperatures, and it is not also affected by the UV light which might damage coatings. With a steel water tank, you will not think about buying another water tank soon because it is durable.
Economical For most people, it might seem expensive to buy the steel water tanks, but in the long run, it is economical. Other types of tanks require frequent replacement, and that would result in a high cumulative cost of replacement. Further, it requires little maintenance, and you will not spend a lot of money on maintenance as compared to when you had other types of tanks. Do not be discouraged by the high initial cost of purchase because its long-term benefits outweigh the costs.
Easy to customize Ready-made tanks cannot work well for all purposes and thus, it is essential to manufacture the tanks according to customers specification. It is possible to customize the fabrication of steel tanks so that you end up with the kind of tank appropriate for a particular use. It is recommendable to search and find a competent steel tank manufacturer who can design and fabricate the tank according to how you want it.
Contamination-free and environmentally friendly Germs or rust on the walls of the tank can contaminate the water in the tank causing health hazard. Properly built steel tanks are effective for storing clean water, and they do not allow easy contamination as they do not rust, corrode or leak. Additionally, stainless steel does not have any adverse effects on the environment, and thus, it is environmentally friendly. In fact, that is why the tanks are highly recommended for use in hospitals and schools.
Buying a steel water tank can be challenging because there are different types of tanks. You can only enjoy the benefits of steel tanks when you buy the best quality tanks. Find are reputable steel tank manufacturers website and click for more details that can guide your choice.
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New, Additional Logistics Centre
The bilstein group is investing in the future: in order to be able to supply our customers even faster and more flexibly in the future, we are expanding our logistics capacities considerably in the coming years.
For this purpose, we have acquired nearly 200,000 square meters of land in Gelsenkirchen right in the heart of the Ruhr region. Our second large logistics centre in Germany is to be built there by 2022.
Size of Five Football Pitches
The first construction phase consists of a building that spans an area of approximately 45,000 square meters - equivalent to about five football pitches. We also have the opportunity to expand this building by a further 50,000 square meters.
The bilstein group is constructing this new building in collaboration with BMS Industriebau (construction of the logistics hall) and IGZ Automation (logistics). Both companys are strong partners with many years of expertise.


The purpose of the NMSC Industrial Pretreatment Program and its Rules and Regulations is:
- To establish uniform requirements for Industrial Users of the NMSC’s interceptors and wastewater treatment system
- To enable the NMSC to protect its sewage transport and treatment facilities, its wastewater treatment process efficiency, its ability to continue land disposal of sludge (biosolids), the natural environment, and the public health
- To be in conformity with applicable Federal, State, and local laws.
The policy of the NMSC Pretreatment Program and its Rules and Regulations is:
- To establish uniform requirements for contributors into the wastewater collection and treatment system, and to enable the NMSC to comply with applicable Federal and State laws, including the general pretreatment regulations (40 CFR, Part 403).
- To prevent the introduction of pollutants into the NMSC’s wastewater system which would:
- Interfere with the operation of the system
- Cause the treatment plant to violate its WPDES Permit
- Contaminate the sludge and/or make it unsuitable for land disposal
- Pass through the system, inadequately treated, into receiving waters or the atmosphere.
- Pose a health threat to sewer workers
- Be otherwise incompatible with the system.
- To improve the opportunity to recycle and reclaim wastewaters and sludges (biosolids) from the system.