Supervision of Lugoj-Deva Highway, Batch 3 (partner)
Other projects : Transport Infrastructure
Consulting services for project management and verification of works for constructions and installations for: „Rehabilitation of the railway Border-Curtici-Simeria, a component of Pan-European IV – for trains with a maximum speed of 160 km/h: Section 3: Gurasada – Simeria” – Batch 4” (partner)
October 2017 - present
Rehabilitation of rails and modernization of stations with a view to bringing the railway km 614 – Simeria in line with the technical parameters of the international agreements and increasing the speed to 160 km/h for the passenger trains.
Parameters of the railway after rehabilitation:
Beneficiary: CN CFR SA
The services include:
a) Assistance provided to METROREX SA. for the start of works;
b) Supervision, monitoring of the works including registration and reporting on the progress of works;
c) Verification of the monthly schedule of works and monitoring of its implementation;
d) Verification and approval of the Details for Construction Works, and of Constructor’s work schedules, installations, equipment, construction techniques and materials (qualitative and quantitative check), in accordance with the provisions of the contract for works;
e) Training of the staff designated by the Client to manage the project (PIU team);
f) Monitoring/supervision services during the period of guarantee.
Financing sources: Cohesion Fund through SOP Transport 2007-2013 and State BudgetBeneficiary: METROREX SA


AM Builders and Promoters has a prime goal of uplifiting the standards of people, society, city and our nation to a new height. We are continuously engaged in creating better environment, infrastructure and space for a healthier lifestyle for people in all spheres of society.
At All About Builders AM Builders and Promoters are experts in the field of civil construction and engineering work. Whether it’s commercial or residential, we have the experience, knowledge, technical expertise, manpower and the equipment to make it happen 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. We have a wide range of services in civil engineering. Check out our services page for a full listing of All About Construction’s services.


20 Minutes to Crimea! New Crimean Bridge Opens Up to Mass Freight Traffic
Great news for Russia and Crimea, and for anyone who’s asked me whether it was a good idea to relocate to Crimea! The new, but already legendary Crimean Bridge (aka, the Kerch Bridge), opens to heavy freight traffic! Train traffic next!
Hundreds of long-distance truckers tested the Kerch Bridge. Last night, the bridge connecting Crimea and Kuban was opened to freight traffic. Crimea and Sevastopol now have another route to deliver food and goods from continental Russia. Its importance and reliability can’t be overstated, especially with winter approaching.


MaximusJune 29, 2012
Caketin gets tupperware
Having only just finished an upgrade of the Westpac Stadium last year, in time for the wugby world cup, it seems odd to me that the Stadium Trust are already talking about their next major upgrade – a complete refurbishment of the stadium inside and out – as shown in the DomPost today.
In typical Dompost manner, all mention of the architects and engineers responsible for the sketches are omitted – the drawings seem to have come out of thin air, according to the Stuff, and yet we here at the Fish would like to know. Do you know who the architects or concept designers are on this project? The Westpac Stadium Trust aren’t telling, yet, as there is no mention on their website.


Today's Weather Events
zondag, 4 december 2016
for December 04The world's highest temperature for December 4 was 113 degrees and occurred at Bourke, Australia
There was a 6.0 earthquake that occurred near Palue on December 04, 2016 at 08:13 pm Eastern Time. This temblor occurred at a depth of 522.17 km, which is a deep-focus earthquake (> 70 km deep).
There was a 4.2 earthquake that occurred near Pawnee on December 04, 2016 at 10:22 pm Eastern Time. This temblor occurred at a depth of 5 km, which is a shallow-focus earthquake (0-70 km deep).


ASPIRE is a quarterly magazine published by PCI in cooperation with the associations of the National Concrete Bridge Council. The editorial content focuses on the latest technology and key issues in the Concrete Bridge Industry.
Issue link: http://www.aspiremagazinebyengineers.com/i/306858
The twin arches support bent and spandrel columns and the double- tee deck. T h e N W M a p l e A v e n u e B r i d g e provides an east-west link for the city of Redmond, Ore., across Dry Canyon, which bisects the city. The canyon is a scenic natural feature, providing open space and recreation to local citizens. The designers and the construction team were challenged to design and build a bridge that could blend with its natural surroundings while satisfying current and future needs. City officials desired a bridge that was affordable, functional, aesthetically pleasing, and capable of being efficiently widened in the future as needs required. To meet these needs, the designers c re a t e d a c a s t - i n - p l a c e s t r u c t u re featuring three continuous 210-ft-long arch spans and two 75-ft-long post- tensioned approach spans. Each arch has a distinct contour so the arches together conform perfectly to the sloping topography of the canyon floor. A very wide range of crossing configura- tions was considered, from a sag- vertical curve on fill to a single-span profile MAPLE AVENUE BRIDGE / REDMOND, ORE. ENGINEER: OBEC Consulting Engineers in conjunction with Jiri Strasky, Consulting Engineer, Eugene, Ore. PRIME CONTRACTOR: Cascade Bridge LLC, Vancouver, Wash. CONCRETE SUPPLIER: Central Oregon Redi-Mix LLC, Redmond, Ore. AWARDS: 2008 Portland Cement Association Bridge Award Three cast-in-place arches with different shapes conform to Oregon canyon, adding beauty and functionality arch. The fill was deemed inappropriate and inconsistent with the goals of the canyon, but city officials asked that the design be given at least a cursory investigation to determine a baseline cost. Design Options Bridge options that made the final cut for consideration were a five-span bulb- tee girder, a single-span arch bridge with half-arch approaches at each end, and the three-span arch that was selected. It offered the best combination of aesthetics, economy, and scale for the site. City officials were particularly interested in the potential to achieve a "landmark" bridge appearance if they could obtain it for only a modest cost premium. I n t e r m s o f m a t e r i a l s , s t e e l w a s considered but was ruled out because it was not competitive from a life- cycle perspective. Precast concrete was determined not to offer the best solution because there would not be many repetitive structural elements. by James N. Bollman, OBEC Consulting Engineers CUSTOM ARCHES The NW Maple Avenue Bridge in Redmond, Ore., features three continuous cast-in-place 210-ft-long arch spans, each of which is different to conform to the contours of Dry Canyon below. 18 | ASPIRE , Winter 2009


A month long inspection in the construction industry has revealed that 40% of sites examined by the HSE are failing to protect their workers, and that 1 in 5 sites were in such a poor condition that formal enforcement was required.
The most common failing was a lack of safety when working at height, whilst 35% of notices were due to issues such as asbestos, noise and vibration and exposure to harmful dusts.
Steve Murphy the secretary of the construction workers’ union said “”These findings are simply appalling. Time after time employers are putting workers in danger. The HSE inspections only touch a tiny fraction of construction sites and most construction workers never see an HSE inspector unless a major accident has occurred.
The HSE Chief of Construction Phillip White echoes the message of the construction workers’ union adding, “The inability to properly plan working at height continues to be a major issue, despite well-known safety measures being straightforward to implement. It is just not acceptable that Inspectors had to order work to stop immediately on over 200 occasions because of dangerous practices.”
“We also find health is often overlooked as its implications are not immediately visible, however the effects of uncontrolled exposure to deadly dusts such as asbestos and silica can be irreversible. We urge industry to ensure the most basic of measures such as use of protective equipment and dust suppression methods are put in place to help protect the future health of workers.”
Working with hundreds of construction companies, Citation has built up a wealth of experience in providing specific Health & Safety advice for building sites.
Get more information


All services provided by EHS are backed up with our engineering expertise through GENPS, a licensed consulting engineering company. When you’re tasked with oversized and heavy lifting or heavy transport projects, you can rely on our expertise.
Our services are site granted and we operate right here in Washington and all around the world. EHS has worked in 45 countries on five continents. We help with heavy lift and transport work in shipyards, refineries, civil projects including bridge moves, mine sites, dams and more.
Our suite of services includes:
- Heavy lifting and transport
- Designing load and ballast plans
- Maintenance lifting and shoring services
- Specialized equipment rental
- Sea fastening details for Coast Guard and insurance surveyor requirements
The EHS difference
EHS specializes in engineered solutions for difficult heavy lift and transport problems. We can provide both the structural engineering and the move engineering. In addition to solving the how part, we provide the equipment and personnel for a wide array of heavy lift projects.
Clients come to us with problems and we solve them. We have a unique toolbox that most heavy lift companies just don’t have. Not only do we develop solutions for our clients, but we collaborate with competitors to help solve their heavy lift issues too.
The experience and expertise you need
At EHS, we have both domestic and international experience. We also maintain close relationships with many of our competitors in the heavy lift environment. When other companies don’t have the engineered solution, equipment, or labor, we partner to find or create the answer.
Our new semi-auto lift system- Long Beach CA – Heavy lift for Total Terminals International (TTI).
One of Nordholm Companies latest projects is a heavy lift and transport job at Total Terminals International in the Port of Long Beach, CA. Nordholm designed an entirely new semi-automated lifting system for a 35-foot raise of 6 ZPMC container cranes.
The Port of Long Beach is one of the world’s busiest seaports and is a gateway for trade between America and Asia. Currently, the Port handles more than 6.8 million containers and manages 2,000 vessel calls. So, time is money. Due to the ever increasing size of ocean-going container ships, the cranes used to load and unload these ships must also increase in size.
Knowing Nordholm’s long experience with raising, moving and modifying container cranes, Lydig Construction, the general contractor chosen by TTI to manage their renovation project, chose Nordholm as their lifting and moving equipment supplier and engineer of record to lift these cranes for the installation of new, longer legs to increase handling ability of their existing ship to shore container cranes. With their increased height, these cranes will be able to load and unload the newest, massive cargo ships.
For the project, Nordholm designed and built a completely new semi-automated lifting system. Nordholm also drew up and furnished the conceptual plans for the raise and site moves. His new system has a 2,000-ton load capacity and a moving system capable of moving cranes with a self-weight of up to 1,750 MT, at a lift rate of 8′ an hour. On this job, that meant a raise of 38 feet took about 4-1/2 hours. And yet the Nordholm jacking system weighs in at about half of the standard Push Up system.
The lift system sits on the cranes own sill beams, which results in substantial savings in time and costs as well, since less load spreading is required, which means less setup and break down time. All components of the system fit easily in cargo containers for safe storage and transport between jobs.
The well known Nordholm container crane moving system will be used to move cranes in and out of the work area, giving additional flexibility to the project as the work area can be located in a remote part of the terminal so as not to obstruct the normal terminal operations.
Another job done well, the Nordholm way!
EHS leadership includes Greg Nordholm (General Manager), Don Ensign (General Superintendent Emeritus), Dave Dugan (Field Superintendent), and Chris Winter (Field Superintendent). Come talk to our team about your next project.
Contact Engineered Heavy Services by calling (425) 259-0213 or emailing email@example.com We’re located at 4116 34th Avenue NE, Building B in Everett, Washington. We call the Pacific Northwest home but our experience and expertise reach across the country and around the world.


I-20 Vicksburg Bridge, Vicksbug Mississippi and the Old Route 80 Vicksburg Bridge, Vicksburg Mississippi
The John A Weeks III bridge, actually both bridges are named for John A Weeks III. The new bridge was built next to the old bridge because of navigation considerations. It was noted that two piers under the old bridge moved shortly after the bridge was completed. Engineers watched the new bridge for signs of similar movement. In a two year period from March 2000 and March 2002, the two eastern piers moved 4 inches laterally. They found an active fault line running along the riverbed near the eastern bank of the Mississippi. What will the future hold for these two bridges.
Vicksburg National Military ParkVicksburg National Memorial Military ParkPort Gibson MississippiGrand Gulf Military Park MississippiChris Colquitt PhotographyCivil WarBattle of Vicksburg MississippiVicksburg MississippiMississippi RiverI20river bargefreight trainCColquitt, from


Curb It Yourself
How to Use Curb It Yourself
This process is nearly identical to that of a professional installer.
Clear the top growth to an inch or two of solid soil. The curb will ride on top of the ground.
Use a flat blade shovel to remove surface growth. The edge of the grass is a good way to control the edge of your curb.
Create the concrete by mixing sand and Portland cement in a 4:1
After the sand and cement are mixed, add water to the desired consistency. A mixer
is not necessary (additional tips on Facebook).
Press concrete into the trowel, advance the trowel, smooth, and repeat.
Your wallet thinks it looks great, too.
Note that curb it yourself sits right on the ground.
This professionally installed curb also sits right on the ground.
Note that this is also how curbing is installed in freezing climates.
Web ViewMobile View


Lamani S R et al. investigated the utility of iron ore waste (IOW) in preparing non-fired bricks by using cement and fly ash. Bricks were prepared with different proportions of cement, fly ash, and IOW. The manufactured bricks were cured for 7, 14, 21, and 28d. Compressive strength and water absorption of bricks were evaluated.
lostrometer), whereas measuring total solids in pasteurized waste milk has required submission of milk samples to laboratories. In recent years, dairies and calf ranches are turning to use of Brix refractometers to estimate immuno-globulin G (IgG) concentration in maternal colostrum and/or measure and monitor total solids in pasteurized waste milk.
What are the normal fluoride levels maintained in the New Jersey American Water systems? The fluoride concentration leaving our treatment facilities is normally in the 0.9 to 1.2 mg/l (milligrams per liter or parts per million) range. Can fluoride occur naturally in the water supplies? Yes. Fluoride is a minor constituent of the earth's crust.
Biogenic sulfide corrosion is a bacterially mediated process of forming hydrogen sulfide gas and the subsequent conversion to sulfuric acid that attacks concrete and steel within wastewater environments.
in complying with DEP's waste management regulations as they apply to the characterization, handling, storage, transportation, and off-site disposal of lead-contaminated building materials, and certain other related wastes.
September 1991 EPA Hydrogen Sulfide Corrosion In Wastewater Collection And Treatment Systems Report To Congress Technical Report Printed on Recycled Paper ... Street The wastewater sulfide concentration was 2.25 mg/1 near the upstream end. ... pretreatment standards will affect hydrogen sulfide corrosion in wastewater collection and treatment ...
Radiation measurements in the field were performed on the raw material heaps to be used in brick and roof-tile manufacturing, on soil around the raw material heaps, the brick stacks, waste brick heaps containing broken brick pieces, coal pieces and also coal …
conctration waste brick Sustainable Management of Construction and Demolition This web page discusses how to sustainably manage construction and demolition materials Information covers what they are and how builders construction crews -conctration waste brick-,How to Recycle Bricks RecycleNationHow to Recycle Bricks Bricks A 2008 .
These values were achieved when the wastewater was treated with activated carbon for 180 min, fly ash 250 min and brick kiln ash 300 min and the adsorbent dose was kept respectively at 40 g/l, 60 g/l and 45 g/l for activated carbon, fly ash and brick kiln ash.
Brick in its solid form is typically considered a non-hazardous waste for disposal, but local regulation may vary, therefore all waste must be disposed/recycled/reclaimed in accordance with federal, state, and local environmental control regulations.
conctration waste brick - beaconsoftware conctration waste brick Sustainable Management of Construction and Demolition This web, More. SAFETY DATA SHEET - One of America's Top Brick, SAFETY DATA SHEET SECTION 1, For airborne concentration exceeding the OSHA PEL or ACGIH TLV use a NIOSH, Brick waste should not be used as a blasting .
Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM IV) Proceedings of an international conference held in Szczyrk, Poland, 17–21 May 2004 ... transport safety and waste safety, and also general safety (i.e. all these areas of safety). ... Presence of technologically-enhanced naturally-occurring radioactive materials …
Management of PCBs in Building Materials, Paints and Other Media Tom Krug, Hester Groenevelt, Suzanne O'Hara ... •PCBs in material (concrete, brick) from contact with ... Associated material (e.g., concrete) considered a "remediation waste" and current regulations suggest it must be removed if contains PCBs at levels > 2 ppm .
RCRA Brick in its solid form is typically considered a non-hazardous waste for disposal, but local regulation may vary, therefore all waste must be disposed/recycled/reclaimed in accordance with federal, state, and local environmental control regulations.
The TCLP: Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure The TCLP, or Toxicity Characteristic Leaching (not Leachate) Procedure is designed to determine the mobility of both organic and inorganic analytes present in liquid, solid, and multiphasic wastes. This is usually used to determine if a waste
If the results show that the lead concentration meets the level in Table FP-1b and there is no other evidence of a spill or release that would cause it to exceed the clean fill criteria, then the brick or block may be used as clean fill.
the slurry has a higher sorbent concentration. As t he hot flue gas mixes with the slurry solution, water from the slurry is evaporated. The water that remains on the solid sorbent enhances the reaction with SO 2. The process forms a dry waste product which is collected with a standard particulate matter (PM) collection device such as a ...
AggreBind – Manufacture of bricks, blocks and pavers from on-site soils and waste materials. To meet the housing needs of future generations, and to protect our planets environment, new ways of 'self help construction' must be considered and adopted.
If a wastewater solution contains 5 ppm or more dissolved lead, then it would be a D008 waste. A lower concentration would not be D008. If a semisolid sludge contains 5 ppm or more total lead, then it would be a D008 waste. A lower concentration would not be D008.
Chemical resistant brick provides thermal, mechanical, and chemical protection for these kinds of structures. Belden chemical resistant brick is a particularly versatile construction material for sulfuric acid plants when installed as linings for carbon steel shells.
Refractory brick, or "fire brick" as it is often called, can withstand temperatures as high as 4,000 F and is commonly found in furnaces, fireplaces or exhaust stacks. Therefore, it is certainly useful.
This study aims to evaluate the effect of alkali activator concentration and curing condition on strength and microstructure of waste clay brick powder-based geopolymer system. In this experimental study, firstly, optimum alkali activator concentration of the waste clay brick powder-based geopolymer mixtures was determined.
PCBs in Caulking Real Site Data and Recent EPA Developments ... PCBs in Brick Up to 2-3 in. away = up to 832 ppm 6 – 7 in. away = 0.16 ppm ... concentration; or PCB Remediation Waste – if impacted from a "source" > 50 ppm; manage in accord with 40 CFR 761. 9 …
"Necessity is the mother of invention" – The quote that explains the reason why inventions exists around us. Most of the houses are build with bricks, the bricks a unit construction entity that makes up the building from sub-structure to superstructure.


NYC Transit Status displays real-time transit information about delays, service changes, construction, accidents, etc from multiple transit and transportation agencies in the New York City region.
The MTA's official 'Service Status' feed includes delays, planned service changes and other events on the NYC Subway, NYC buses, LIRR, Metro North Railroad and MTA-operated bridges and roadways.
511NY is operated by the NYS Department of Transportation and other partnering transportation agencies in New York and neighboring areas in Connecticut and New Jersey.
This feed provides information about delays, accidents and construction on the NTS Thruway and NYSTA-operated branches.
The MTA Service Status feed provides up to the minute information about delays, service changes and planned work for
Stay up to date with real-time line statuses and event counts.
Get detailed information about transit events. For the MTA, this is the same information that is posted in their Service Alert signs and on their website.
For events with location information, an overview map of the location is shown and when clicked will open a map with a pin at the location.


At the Long-Range Lakefront Planning Committee meeting the City Development Commissioner proposed the idea to have pedestrian and bicycle access to Hoan Bridge.
In order to prove his point the commissioner brought up other landmark bridges that have pedestrian access, such as the Brooklyn Bridge, and how it is used as a tourist destination. The Wisconsin Department of Transportation has denied this proposal for decades.
Bicycle and pedestrian access to bridges that is separated from motor vehicles can be a safer route. If you or a loved one has been injured in a pedestrian accident, contact the pedestrian accident lawyers Wisconsin of Habush Habush & Rottier, S.C., by calling 800-242-2874 today.


3 edition of Authorizing the City of St. Louis to construct a bridge across the Mississippi River. found in the catalog.
Authorizing the City of St. Louis to construct a bridge across the Mississippi River.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce
|Other titles||To amend act authorizing St. Louis, Missouri, to bridge Mississippi River|
|The Physical Object|
Built St. Louis > > The Industrial City > > River Bridges. Mississippi River Bridges From the Clark Bridge at Alton, to the Jefferson Barracks bridges in south County, a total of ten bridges cross the Mississippi River in the St. Louis metro area (12 if you want to be persnickety and count the two twin spans as two bridges each.). H.R. To designate the new Interstate Route 70 bridge over the Mississippi River connecting St. Louis, Missouri, and southwestern Illinois as the “Stan Musial Veterans Memorial Bridge”. Enacted — Signed by the President on
This is a complete list of current bridges and other crossings of the Ohio River from the Mississippi River at Cairo, Illinois upstream to the split into the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Mississippi River crossings in downtown St. Louis and southwestern Illinois are some of the busiest in the U.S. where several interstates carry traffic across the river. The new bridge is expected to transport up to 55, vehicles daily, re-routing Interstate 70 from an overly-congested nearby Size: KB.
North Euclid Ave. St. Louis, MO | () | [email protected] | Available by phone Mon-Sat and Sun and take online orders Due to the Covid Virus Crisis, we are closed to foot traffic, but are available by phone during our temporary hours - Mon-Sat and Sun , and online The two towers are proceeding rapidly, and I imagine next year they’ll start to lay the bridge deck. While I’m not claiming this is the second coming of the hugely important Eads Bridge, I think it is notable that this is the first bridge across the Mississippi River at St. Louis since the ’s, when the Poplar Street Bridge was built.
A case study of leakages of contributions to negotiated fringe benefit trust funds in the Southern California plastering industry
Eads Bridge is a combined road and railway bridge over the Mississippi River connecting the cities of St. Louis, Missouri and East St. Louis, is located on the St.
Louis riverfront between Laclede's Landing, to the north, and the grounds of the Gateway Arch, to the bridge is named for its designer and builder, James Buchanan s: Mississippi River. The McKinley Bridge across the Mississippi River at St. Louis, Mo.
(St. Louis Electric Bridge Co.) / / by Ralph Modjeski, consulting engineer. Contributor Names Modjeski, Ralph, St. Louis Electric Bridge Co. Created / Published. Eads Bridge - City Landmark #1 National Historic Landmark.
Eads Bridge is the world's first steel-truss bridge, and an engineering marvel. After the Civil War and the expansion of the nation's railroad system, it became apparent that for St. Louis to survive, a bridge across the Mississippi River was essential.
Eads Bridge Poplar Street Br Gen D MacArthur Br Jefferson Barracks Br › Chester - Cairo › Miss - Tenn - Ark › Ark - Miss - Louisiana › Louisiana Structures - Missouri River - St. Croix River - St. Louis River - Wisconsin River - Best Miss River Photos - Cable Stayed Bridges - McGilvray Road Bridges - IW Bridge Disaster.
LOUIS – Governor Rod R. Blagojevich of Illinois and Governor Matt Blunt of Missouri announced an agreement to construct a new four-lane bridge across the Mississippi River from East St. Louis to St. Louis that will improve traffic safety and reduce congestion across the region.
The bridge at St. Louis 1 print: chromolithograph ; 27 9/16 x 38 3/8 in. | View of completed St. Louis Bridge, with steamboats in Mississippi River, surrounded by. The Stan Musial Veterans Memorial Bridge (known as the New Mississippi River Bridge until its formal naming in and informally known as the "Stan Span") is a bridge across the Mississippi River between St.
Clair County, Illinois, and the city of St. Louis, between Apand Julythe bridge opened on February 9, Crosses: Mississippi River. The new St. Louis River Bridge Cruise will give bi-state area residents and out of town visitors a unique view from the Mississippi River of the bridge under construction as well as up close views of the year-old Eads Bridge, which was the first bridge in the nation to be built primarily from steel.
Reports Of The City Engineer And Special Committee To The Board Of Common Council Of The City Of St. Louis, In Relatin To A Bridge Across The Mississippi River, At St. Louis [Saint Louis (Mo.). City Engineer's Offi] on *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of. The McKinley Bridge across the Mississippi River at St.
Louis, Mo. (St. Louis Electric Bridge Co.) [Ralph Modjeski] on *FREE* shipping on qualifying : Ralph Modjeski. Rails across the Mississippi A History of the St. Louis Bridge. The story of the visionary drive that created an engineering marvel.
An absorbing tale of grand dreams, shady politics, daring engineering experiments, greed, ambition, and westward expansion, Rails across the Mississippi is the first book-length history since to document the planning, financing, and. USA, Illinois-Missouri, nr. Louis, Mississippi River, Ro Chain of Rocks Bridge across Mississipps River Alan Copson Saint Louis, Missouri Picture: Oldest bridge across the Mississippi River - Check out Tripadvisor members' 39, candid photos and videos of Saint Louis.
The Twin Cities need a pedestrian bridge across the Mississippi River People in St. Paul would be able to walk or bike to the Riverview Theater or the restaurants on the Minneapolis side.
The Saint Louis River is a river of contrasts. It is only miles between locations where the river is only a trickle to where the river supports ocean going ships.
It is the same distance from where tiny country roads freely cross the river to where the bridges in the harbor are some of the most impressively large bridges in the nation.
The Mississippi River Bridges at Vicksburg are cantilever bridges between Delta, Louisiana and Vicksburg, Mississippi. The foreground bridge was completed in while the background bridge was completed in Before the bridge was built both Railroad and Automobile traffic had to be ferried across the river.
The bridge was Views: K. The Father Louis Hennepin Bridge was built in to take advantage of the transport possibilities provided by the Mississippi River above St. To reduce the spread of coronavirus (COVID) in New York City, all NYPL locations are temporarily closed until further notice.
Learn more and find out about remote access for Library services. Mississippi River Bridge, St. Louis, Missouri. Type of Resource. still image. Genre. Stereographs. Date Created. - It arrayed St. Louis and Chicago against each other in an intense rivalry.
The people of the city of St. Louis and other river interests supported the principle of free navigation for boats, whereas the citizens of Chicago and the railroad interests stood by the right of railroad companies to build a bridge.
Congress issues charter authorizing the St. Louis and Illinois Bridge Co. to build a bridge in downtown St. Louis, but with several restrictions intended to cripple the project Company selects James Eads as engineer-in-chief Feb.
25, Cornerstone laid on top of bedrock for the west abutment Mar. 5. The Gateway Arch is a foot ( m) monument in St. Louis, Missouri, United in stainless steel and built in the form of a weighted catenary arch, it is the world's tallest arch, the tallest man-made monument in the Western Hemisphere, and Missouri's tallest accessible as a monument to the westward expansion of the United States, and officially Architect: Eero Saarinen.Three-span steel arch bridge over the Mississippi River and N.
Leonor K. Sullivan Blvd. in downtown St. Louis Top deck open to four lanes of traffic with a pedestrian lane, bottom deck open to two tracks of MetroLink light rail service.Archaeology of the New Mississippi River Bridge Building the Future. Like the construction crews who built the new bridge, teams of archaeologists worked along the new alignment of I in East St.
Louis (ESTL) to uncover new clues to the region’s recent and ancient history – their discoveries are helping to rewrite the history of the region, in effect building bridges to the past.


Leaf Guard and Gutter-Mesh
Australian made gutter leaf protection for Australian conditions
15 year manufacturers warranty
Gutter-Mesh improves the lifespan of roof gutters by preventing leaves blocking and rusting gutters. Gutter-Mesh allows rainwater to pass through the mesh while leaves and other debris is blown or washed off by the weather.
- Ideal for bushfire-prone areas – Gutter-Mesh exceeds the Australia standards Building Code for flammability.
- Strong & versatile – Stainless steel or aluminium.
- Special colours available – Select from a range of special colours to match or compliment your home or buildings.
- Better water flow – Eliminates downpipe and gutter blockages for efficient rainwater drainage.
- More fresh tank water – Gutter-Mesh increases the flow and quality of fresh tank water.
- Maintenance free – Increase the value of your home by installing Gutter-Mesh.
For full range of colours see our Gutter-Mesh Colour Chart
Copyright © 2016 Environmental Building Solutions & Services – Roofs 'R' Us. All rights reserved | Site design by Anonymous Design


Staff Selection Commission commonly known as SSC has released SSC JE 2018 Notification on 20th October 2017 for the recruitment of candidates for Junior Engineer Posts (Civil, Mechanical, and Electrical). Candidates who are interested and eligible can apply for the SSC JE 2018 by filling the application form in online mode through the official website of SSC i.e. ssc.nic.in.
SSC JE 2018 Notification: Tier 1 Application Form, Exam Date & Pattern
The Staff Selection Commission (SSC) has notified JE posts for different government departments. The SSC provides various Junior Engineer (JE) posts in Mechanical, Civil, and Electrical department. All the Eligible candidates can fill the online application form for SSC JE for their favorable post. More details about the SSC JE 2018 Recruitment Notification such as eligibility criteria, SSC JE 2017 Online Application Form, exam dates, and exam pattern are provided below.
SSC JE 2018 – Eligibility Criteria
Candidates who are willing to apply for SSC JE 2018 should have the following qualification:
- Junior Engineer (Civil), CPWD – B.E/B.Tech/ Diploma in Civil Engineering from a recognized University/Institute.
- Junior Engineer (Electrical), CPWD – B.E/ B.Tech/ Diploma in Electrical Engineering or Mechanical Engineering from a recognized University/Institute.
- Junior Engineer (Civil), Department of Posts – B.E/ B.Tech/ Three years Diploma in Civil engineering from an institution recognized by the Central Government or State Government.
- Junior Engineer (Electrical), Department of Posts – B.E/ B.Tech/ Three years Diploma in Electrical engineering from an institution recognized by the Central Government or State Government.
- Junior Engineer (Civil & Mechanical), Central Water Commission – B.E. / B.Tech. / Diploma in Civil/Mechanical Engineering from a recognized University/Institute.
- Junior Engineer (Electrical & Mechanical), MES – B.E/ B.Tech in Electrical/Mechanical Engineering OR Three years Diploma in Electrical/Mechanical Engineering from a recognized University/Institute and with two years work experience in electrical/mechanical engineering works.
- Junior Engineer (Civil), MES – B.E/ B.Tech in Civil Engineering OR Three years Diploma in Civil Engineering from a recognized University/Institute and with 2 years work experience in civil engineering works.
- Junior Engineer (QS&C), MES – B.E/ B.Tech / three years Diploma in Civil engineering from a recognized University/Institute OR Passed an Intermediate examination in Building and Quantity Surveying (Sub Divisional-II) from the Institute of Surveyors (India).
SSC JE 2018 – Application Form
Candidates who are eligible can fill the Online Application form of SSC JE 2018 through the official website of SSC. Candidates need to register before proceeding for the application. Check out the below steps to apply online for SSC JE post.
Visit the official website of SSC.Steps to Apply Online:
- Click on Apply Tab.
- Click on JE.
- A link will be provided for applying online, click on that.
- You need to register first.
- Proceed to fill the online application form using the Registration ID and password generated.
- Fill the details and Submit the application form.
SSC JE 2018 – Important Exam Dates
|Release of Online Application Form||21st October 2017|
|Last Date for Application||17th November 2017|
|Release of Admit Card||December 2017|
|SSC JE Tier 1 Exam Date||5th to 8th January 2018|
SSC JE 2018 – Tier 1 Exam Pattern
SSC JE Tier 1 Exam is a computer based test which is conducted for 2 Hours.
|Subject||No.of Questions||Maximum marks|
|General Intelligence Reasoning||50||50|
General Engineering (Civil & Structural)
General Engineering (Electrical)
General Engineering (Mechanical)


Trial pits also known as test pits are commonly used to investigate shallow ground conditions to develop an understanding of the profile of soils within the ground. Trial pits are holes dug prior to construction to help ensure the ground conditions are suitable for building and construction projects.
Trial pits can be more cost-effective than boreholes but they cannot reach the same depth. Trial pits can also be excavated relatively quickly. The biggest benefit of a test pit is cost savings.
They can be excavated by hand or using an excavator, generally to a depth of up to 3.5-4.5m. If a trial pit is deeper than 1.2 m and is intended to be entered by people, it should be made secure against the possibility of collapse.
Trial pits are dug to determine:
- Soil classification
- Soil contamination
- Determine the location of buried structures and underground utilities
- Unsuitable soil conditions
- Water table location
- Sidewall stability
- Groundwater seepage
- Determine whether the project site can be trimmed, rammed, and leveled easily or not.
- Determine whether fill material is present at the site or not and specify the depth it exists.
- Potential challenges in project structure
Digging of Trial Pits
The location of trial pits should be near from foundation of the structure. Trial pits should be distributed properly to be able to obtain cross-sections along the major axis of the project site.
A trial pit should be at least deeper than the upcoming construction’s foundation.
Trial pitting enables many different samples (both disturbed and undisturbed) to be taken, and various sampling methods to be facilitated these may include, contamination tests, Vane Shear tests, Infiltration/soakaway tests, CBR testing, and in-situ strength testing.
Once samples are gathered backfill the area and document the conditions.


Sewage is the mainly liquid waste containing some solids produced by humans, typically consisting of washing water, urine, feces, laundry waste, and other material that goes down drains and toilets from households and industry. It is a type of wastewater and is a major actual or potential source of pollution, especially in urban areas. It has been estimated that pollution of drinking water by feces is by far the biggest cause of death worldwide. To prevent pollution of the environment by sewage, there need to be well-organized services that manage the collection, treatment, and recycling or safe disposal of sewage in the environment.
- The words 'sewage' and 'sewer' come from Old French seuwiere ("channel to drain the overflow from a fish pond"), or from Old North French sewiere ("sluice from a pond"), or from Anglo-French sewere; and ultimately from Vulgar Latin exaquare ("to remove water"), from Latin ex- ‘out of’ + aqua ‘water’.
- The word 'sewerage' can mean (a) a system of sewers; or (b) the removal of waste by a sewer system; or (c) sewage.
Historically, raw sewage was directed to a natural body of water, such as a river or ocean, where it would be diluted and dissipated. Early human habitations were often built next to water sources, and rivers doubled as a crude form of natural sewage disposal. According to Teresi et al. (2002):
The Indus architects designed sewage disposal systems on a large scale, building networks of brick effluent drains following the lines of the streets. The drains were seven to ten feet wide, cut at two feet below ground level with U-shaped bottoms lined with loose brick easily taken up for cleaning. At the intersection of two drains, the sewage planners installed cesspools with steps leading down into them, for periodic cleaning. By 2700 B.C.E., these cities had standardized earthenware plumbing pipes with broad flanges for easy joining with asphalt to stop leaks.
The first sanitation system was found in the prehistoric Middle East and the surrounding areas. The first time an inverted siphon system was used, along with glass covered clay pipes, was in the palaces of Crete, Greece. It is still in working condition, after about 3,000 years.
Roman towns and garrisons in the United Kingdom between 46 BCE and 400 CE had complex sewer networks. They were sometimes constructed out of hollowed out elm logs shaped so that they butted together, with the downstream pipe providing a socket for the upstream pipe.
Higher population densities required more complex sewer collection and conveyance systems in order to achieve some degree of sanitary conditions in crowded cities. The ancient cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro of the Indus Valley civilization constructed complex networks of brick-lined sewage drains from around 2600 BCE and also had outdoor flush toilets connected to this network.
The urban areas of the Indus Valley civilization provided public and private baths, sewage was disposed through underground drains built with precisely laid bricks, and a sophisticated water management system with numerous reservoirs was established. In the drainage systems, drains from houses were connected to wider public drains.
The system then remained with not much progress until the sixteenth century, where, in England, Sir John Harrington invented a device for Queen Elizabeth (his Godmother) that released wastes into cesspools.
A significant development was the construction of a network of sewers to collect wastewater, which began from the Indus Valley civilization. In some cities, including Rome and Istanbul (Constantinople), networked ancient sewer systems continue to function today as collection systems for those cities' modernized sewer systems. Instead of flowing to a river or the sea, the pipes have been re-routed to modern sewer treatment facilities.
However, many cities had no sewers and relied on nearby rivers or occasional rain to wash away sewage. In some cities, waste water simply ran down the streets, which had stepping stones to keep pedestrians out of the muck, and eventually drained as runoff into the local watershed. This was enough in early cities with few occupants but the growth of cities quickly overpolluted streets and became a constant source of disease. Even as recently as the late nineteenth century, sewerage systems in parts of the highly industrialized United Kingdom were so inadequate that water-borne diseases such as cholera and typhoid were still common. In Merthyr Tydfil, a large town in South Wales, most houses discharged their sewage to individual cess-pits that persistently overflowed causing the pavements to be awash with foul sewage.
A sewer bed is a piece of land typically used by a municipality for the dumping of raw sewage. In the past, raw sewage was brought by truck or drawn by horses to be dumped, but the practice stopped back in the 1940s.
Sewage collection and disposal
A system of sewer pipes (sewers) collects sewage and takes it for treatment or disposal. The system of sewers is called sewerage or sewerage system in UK English and sewage system in U.S. English. Where a main sewerage system has not been provided, sewage may be collected from homes by pipes into septic tanks or cesspits, where it may be treated or collected in vehicles and taken for treatment or disposal. Properly functioning septic tanks require emptying every 2-5 years, depending on the load of the system.
Sewage and wastewater is also disposed of to rivers, streams and the sea in many parts of the world. Doing so can lead to serious pollution of the receiving water. This is common in third world countries and may still occur in some developed countries, where septic tank systems are too expensive.
As of 2004 in the U.S., 850 billion gallons of raw sewage were dumped into waterways every year.
A sewage system may convey the wastewater by gravity to a sewage treatment plant. Where pipeline excavation is difficult because of rock or there is limited topographic relief (i.e., due to flat terrain), gravity collection systems may not be practical and the sewage must be pumped through a pipeline to the treatment plant. In low-lying communities, wastewater may be conveyed by vacuum. Pipelines range in size from pipes of six inches (150 mm) in diameter to concrete-lined tunnels of up to 30 feet (10 m) in diameter.
Sewage can also be collected by low pressure pumps and vacuum systems. A low-pressure system uses a small grinder pump located at each point of connection, typically a house or business. Vacuum sewer systems use differential atmospheric pressure to move the liquid to a central vacuum station. Typically, a vacuum sewer station can service approximately 1,200 homes before it becomes more cost-effective to build another station.
Design and analysis of collection systems
Design and sizing of sewage collection systems considers population served, commercial and industrial flows, flow peaking characteristics and wet weather flows. Combined sewer systems are designed to transport both storm water runoff and sewage in the same pipe. Besides the projected sewage flow, the size and characteristics of the watershed are the overriding design considerations for combined sewers. Often, combined sewers cannot handle the volume of runoff, resulting in combined sewer overflows and causing water pollution problems in nearby water bodies.
Separate sanitary sewer systems are designed to transport sewage alone. In communities served by separate sanitary sewers, another pipe system is constructed to convey storm water runoff directly to surface waters. Most municipal sewer systems constructed today are separate sewer systems.
Although separate sewer systems are intended to transport only sewage, all sewer systems have some degree of inflow and infiltration of surface water and groundwater, which can lead to sanitary sewer overflows. Inflow and infiltration is highly affected by antecedent moisture conditions, which also represents an important design consideration in these systems.
Sewage treatment, or domestic wastewater treatment, is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater and household sewage, both runoff (effluents) and domestic. It includes physical, chemical and biological processes to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants. Its objective is to produce a waste stream (or treated effluent) and a solid waste or sludge suitable for discharge or reuse back into the environment. This material is often inadvertently contaminated with many toxic organic and inorganic compounds.
Sewage is created by residences, institutions, hospitals and commercial and industrial establishments. It can be treated close to where it is created (in septic tanks, biofilters or aerobic treatment systems), or collected and transported via a network of pipes and pump stations to a municipal treatment plant. Sewage collection and treatment is typically subject to local, state, and federal regulations and standards. Industrial sources of wastewater often require specialized treatment processes.
The sewage treatment involves three stages, called primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment. First, the solids are separated from the wastewater stream. Then, dissolved biological matter is progressively converted into a solid mass by using indigenous, water-borne microorganisms. Finally, the biological solids are neutralized and disposed of or re-used, and the treated water may be disinfected chemically or physically (for example by lagoons and micro-filtration). The final effluent can be discharged into a stream, river, bay, lagoon or wetland, or it can be used for the irrigation of a golf course, green way or park. If it is sufficiently clean, it can also be used for groundwater recharge or agricultural purposes.
Raw influent (sewage) includes household waste liquid from toilets, baths, showers, kitchens, sinks, and so forth that is disposed of via sewers. In many areas, sewage also includes liquid waste from industry and commerce. The separation and draining of household waste into greywater and blackwater is becoming more common in the developed world, with greywater being permitted to be used for watering plants or recycled for flushing toilets. A lot of sewage also includes some surface water from roofs or hard-standing areas. Municipal wastewater therefore includes residential, commercial, and industrial liquid waste discharges, and may include storm water runoff.
Sewage systems capable of handling storm water are known as combined systems or combined sewers. Such systems are usually avoided since they complicate and thereby reduce the efficiency of sewage treatment plants owing to their seasonality. The variability in flow also leads to often larger than necessary, and subsequently more expensive, treatment facilities. In addition, heavy storms that contribute more flows than the treatment plant can handle may overwhelm the sewage treatment system, causing a spill or overflow (called a combined sewer overflow, or CSO, in the United States). It is preferable to have a separate storm drain system for storm water in areas that are developed with sewer systems.
As rainfall runs over the surface of roofs and the ground, it may pick up various contaminants including soil particles and other sediment, heavy metals, organic compounds, animal waste, and oil and grease. Some jurisdictions require storm water to receive some level of treatment before being discharged directly into waterways. Examples of treatment processes used for storm water include sedimentation basins, wetlands, buried concrete vaults with various kinds of filters, and vortex separators (to remove coarse solids).
The site where the raw wastewater is processed before it is discharged back to the environment is called a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The order and types of mechanical, chemical and biological systems that comprise the wastewater treatment plant are typically the same for most developed countries.
- sewer. Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved February 25, 2009.
- sewer. Compact Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved February 25, 2009.
- sewerage. Ask Oxford.com. Retrieved February 18, 2009.
- sewerage. bartleby.com. Retrieved February 18, 2009.
- Teresi 2002.
- Rodda and Ubertini 2004, 161.
- Domestic Pollution and Sewage : Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. whoi.edu. Retrieved February 18, 2009.
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Rodda, J.C., and Lucio Ubertini. 2004. The Basis of Civilization - Water Science? Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK: IAHS. ISBN 9781901502572.
- Steel, Ernest W., and Terence J. McGhee. 1991. Water Supply and Sewerage. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0071008233.
- Teresi, Dick, et al. 2002. Lost Discoveries: The Ancient Roots of Modern Science—from the Babylonians to the Maya. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0684837188.
|Topics related to waste management
|Anaerobic digestion | Composting | Incineration | Landfill | Mechanical biological treatment | Radioactive waste | Recycling | Sewerage | Waste | Waste collection | Waste sorting | Waste hierarchy | Waste management | Waste management concepts | Waste legislation | Waste treatment technology
New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here:
The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia:
Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed.


Under the heading “Earthquakes and dams,” Mon Ramirez, a University of the Philippines (UP) trained engineer, posted on the Facebook last Monday, March 14, 2011, at 5:26 p.m.: “We have no nuclear power plant but we have more than 30 hydro-power plants with their associated dams that supply most of our electricity in combination with some geothermal plants and fossil-powered plants.”
Can these dams withstand a Japan 3-11 earthquake and not crumble down and flood the communities downstream like a tsunami? Two years ago, during a storm, when San Roque dam had to suddenly release some water, the devastation and deaths in the Pangasinan were record high. The warning system did not work well, too, resulting in more deaths.
Maybe today is the best time for the government and engineers and scientists to take a truly hard look at these dams and review contingencies if there are any in place.


20+ Years Experience
Specialist Resin Bonded Gravel
Resin bonded gravel is a type of surfacing material that consists of natural gravel or aggregates that are bonded together with a clear epoxy resin to create a hard-wearing and decorative surface.
The benefits of resin bonded gravel include durability, slip resistance, and low maintenance requirements. It also provides a cost-effective alternative to traditional surfacing materials.
Resin bonded gravel can be used on a variety of surfaces, including driveways, pathways, and patios. It is important to ensure that the surface is stable, level, and free from debris before installation.
Resin bonded gravel is typically installed by professional contractors who specialize in surfacing. The installation process can vary depending on factors such as the size and layout of the area, the type of gravel used, and the specific requirements of the project. In general, the process involves preparing the surface, applying the epoxy resin, and laying the gravel or aggregates.
Resin bonded gravel requires minimal maintenance, but regular cleaning is recommended to prevent the build-up of dirt, debris, and organic matter. This can be done using a broom or pressure washer. It is also important to repair any damage or wear to the surface as soon as it is noticed to prevent further damage.
We Aim To Reply To All Enquiries With-in 24-Hours


The connection strength of the wire rope should not be less than 80% of the breaking tension; when the wire rope is used, the specification and quantity of the wire rope should be selected according to the diameter of the wire rope; the clamping plate should be on the side of the long end of the wire rope; when the wire rope is used, the knitting length should not be less than 15 times of the diameter of the wire rope, and should not be less than 300 mm;
Safety precautions for using rigging:
1. Hoisting and hoisting wire ropes:
1. When calculating the permitted tension of wire rope, the safety factor should be chosen according to different uses.
2. The connection strength of the wire rope should not be less than 80% of the breaking tension; when the wire rope is used, the specification and quantity of the wire rope should be selected according to the diameter of the wire rope; the clamping plate should be on the side of the long end of the wire rope; when the wire rope is used, the knitting length should not be less than 15 times of the diameter of the wire rope, and should not be less than 300 mm;
3. When the wire rope is worn and broken, the load should be reduced and used. When the worn and broken wire reaches the scrap standard, the qualified wire rope should be replaced in time.
4. The sling should be reasonably made according to the weight, length and lifting point of the component. The horizontal angle of the sling should be between 45° and 60°, not less than 30°.
5. The design and fabrication of the hanger （flat iron pole） should have sufficient strength and stiffness. According to the weight, shape, lifting point and lifting method of the component, the hanger should make the reasonable lifting point of the component uniformly stressed.
6. The hook should be used correctly, the welding hook and the steel bar hook should be forbidden to be used, and the hook should be scrapped when the wear at the section of the hook rope exceeds 10% of the height.
7. The pulley shall be selected according to the wire rope diameter and working type. The ratio of the pulley diameter to the wire rope diameter shall not be less than 15.
1. The bottom of Jack should be leveled, and pad should be added at the bottom and top.
2. No overload operation. The jacking height should not exceed the mark of the piston or the 3/4 of the piston's total height.
3. Pillow timber should be used in time with the elevation of the components in the jacking process, and the sudden drop of the piston caused by the inclination or oil return of the jack should be prevented.
4. When several jacks are used together, the same type of Jack should be adopted and the synchronism of each jack should be maintained. The lifting capacity of each jack should not be less than 1.2 times of the calculated bearing capacity.
3. inverted chain （Chain hoist）:
1. No-load check before use, pull the load check slowly after hanging the heavy object, and then continue to use after confirming that it meets the requirements.
2. The direction of the zipper should be the same as the sprocket, the pulling speed should be uniform, the reason should be found out when the zipper can not be pulled, and the method of increasing the number of people to pull strongly should not be adopted.
3. When the lifting time is longer, the hand chain should be fastened to the large chain of the sprocket.
4. Lever hoist:
1. Steel wire ropes should be used for hand hoist rope.
2, the method of lengthening the handle should not be used.
3. When a hand-lifted hoist with a heavy haul is used for a manned hanging basket, its load-carrying capacity must be reduced to 1/3 of the rated load, and a self-locking clamp device should be installed.
5. twist mill:
1. The grinding should be firmly connected with the ground anchor, not inclined and suspended after the force is applied, and the hoisting wire rope should not be wound on the drum less than 4 turns. When working, a special person should be set up to tighten the rope head behind the drum.
2. The grinding mill must be equipped with a brake. When the grinding mill stops turning temporarily, the brake is used to lock the grinding mill, and the pusher bar personnel can not leave.
3. When loosening the lifting rope, it must be controlled by the reverse rotation of the push bar, and the method of loosening the tail rope is strictly prohibited.
6. Earth anchor Embedment:
1. Ground anchors can be made according to experience or design, and the buried floors should not be soaked in water.
2. Solid wood such as Larch and Chinese fir should be selected for wooden anchor. Brittle or rotten wood should be forbidden to be used. Antiseptic oil should be painted before burying and steel pipe and angle steel should be added to protect the steel wire rope.
3. The important ground anchor or old ground anchor must be confirmed by pulling test before use, and the safety factor can be increased by pressing iron on the ground.


Hanshou County Domestic Sewage Treatment EPS Project
Jiangjiazui Town is located in the lower reach of Yuanshui River, west of Dongting Lake and east of Hanshou County. It is adjacent to Bailuqiao Town in the east, Junshanpu Town in the south, and Yangtaohu Town and Anlehu Lake in the west, and faces Yuemingtan Village across the lake. This project is intended to treat domestic sewage in the market town areas, using the process of pretreatment + MBR integrated sewage treatment equipment. The designed capacity of Phase I is 2,000m3/d. The tail water will conform to the Grade 1-A standard in Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant (GB18918-2002).


The Street Department is responsible for maintaining storm drainage, 175 lane miles of eligible streets, 36 lane miles of ineligible streets, mowing and snow and tree removal.
Hours: 7:00 - 3:30 - Potholes, pavement defects, sidewalks, snow removal (540) 994-8651
Nights, weekends and holidays: (540) 994-8651
Until it was closed in 1987, the Town operated Draper Mountain Landfill on Route 11. The Landfill Maintenance budget includes maintenance of the closed landfill for seeding, leachate collection and garbage collection by the Pulaski County Public Service Authority. The landfill is subject to regular inspections by the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) and areas of non-compliance are addressed.
The Town owns and operates two cemeteries, Oakwood and Pinehurst. Oakwood Cemetery, which is 356.4 acres, has 18,200 spaces and Pinehurst, which is 3.3 acres has 1,500 spaces. The Town employs one full-time laborer to provide lawn maintenance, tree trimming, trash and debris and removal and provide public access on the weekends. Part-time employees are used during the summer months.
Motor Vehicle Maintenance
This division is responsible for the maintenance of 87 Town vehicles and 154 pieces of equipment excluding Fire Department vehicles. A preventive maintenance program has been implemented, including a computerized record-keeping system.
General Property Maintenance
The General Property Maintenance division performs building maintenance and renovations, installs and repairs curb, gutter, and signs.
National Guard Armory
The National Guard Armory is located on Route 11. Although it is owned by the National Guard, the Town is responsible for operation and maintenance of the facility.
Administration (540) 994-8651
Hours: 7:00 - 3:30 - Water Line Breaks, Leaks and Repairs (540) 994-8651
Consumer Confidence Reports
Hours: 7:00 - 3:30 - Sewer Line Repairs (540) 994-8651
Hours: 7:00 - 3:30 - Potholes, Pavement Defects, Sidewalks, Snow Removal (540) 994-8651
NIGHTS, WEEKENDS, and HOLIDAYS (540) 994-8651


Two more additions to the Parkchester community in the southeast section of the Bronx are coming thanks to Galaxy Towers Apartments and New Haven Co. of NY. 1360 and 1364 Purdy Street will be the site of 16 new condominium units developed by Galaxy Towers Apartments, and 1358 Odell Street will have a mixed-use structure developed by New Haven Co. of NY.
Plans have been filed and the DOB Permit was issued in December 2016 for the first of two 4-story, 8-unit condos on Purdy Street in Parkchester. Galaxy Towers Apartments is working with architect, Michael Depasquale, to complete the project. The South building will cover 8,213 square feet, and each of the 8 units will be approximately 883 square feet. The North building will cover 6,654 square feet, and each of those apartments will be about 687 square feet. The construction will go up on a lot that is currently sitting empty. The two new buildings will be located just outside the Southeast corner of the 129-acres of land that make up the Parkchester Apartment Community between Starling Avenue and Westchester Avenue.
New Haven Co. of NY is working with Ling Li Architects on a mixed-use structure that will be developed at 1358 Odell Street in the Parkchester section of the East Bronx. The 6-story complex will have 4,400 square feet of commercial and community space on the bottom two floors and 7 apartment units on floors 3-6 that will be about 800 square feet each. The entire project will be just under 13,500 square feet.
The addition of new apartments for rent in Bronx NY seems to be increasing, but the need for affordable housing in the area still outweighs the number of units available. There is no completion date set for either of the new projects being developed in the Parkchester section.


The Indian Government has approved amendments to Foreign Direct Investment Policy (FDI) relating to Construction Development Sector. According to the press release issued after the Cabinet meeting, the minimum area requirement of 10 hectares for serviced housing plots has been removed and the minimum built-up area has been reduced to 20,000 sq metres of minimum floor area. An architect empanelled by the relevant authority will determine if the floor area requirement has been met.
Minimum capitalisation will be reduced to USD 5 million but to be brought in within 6 months of commencement of project. Commencement has been clarified to mean date of approval of the building and layout plan. Balance investment can be brought over a period of 10 years. An investor can exit in 3 years from date of final investment or completion of project, whichever is earlier, subject to development of trunk infrastructure.
The relaxations include exemption in certain cases like committing a portion of the project towards affordable housing would exempt projects from minimum area and investment requirements but the 3 year lock-in would remain. 100 % FDI will be permitted in completed projects for operation and management of townships, malls / shopping complexes and business centres.
For detailed report write to firstname.lastname@example.org


|Reed 96014 FPVBBLS Field Pipe Vise|
Field Pipe Vise holds pipe up to 20 (500 mm) diameter. More pipe capacity than other Reed vises and 2,000 lb (909 kg) vise capacity yet weighs only 22 lbs (10 kg) without legs and backbone. Super choice for pre-trench work and above ground cuts. Excellent flexibility achieved in height and length of vise appropriate to application as customer may cut own pipe for legs and backbone.
Catalog No.: FPVBBLS
Item Code: 96014
Description: Legs and Backbone
Weight: 50.0 lbs. 22.7 kg


Architectural plan is a design and planning, which has to be made before construction of a building. This plan contains architectural drawings, specifications of the design, architectural floor plans, calculations, time planning of the building process, and other documentation, which are required for the approval from the concerned authorities.
A typical architectural plan contains the following things:
At Aarcons, we have a team of experienced architects, who are the best in the country. Once you tie-up with us, our team will sit down with you to understand your requirements. Then we combine your requirements and the prescribed norms to come up with a design, which looks beautiful, fulfills your requirements and also fits in the prescribed norms.


If you are lucky enough to have an existing basement or cellar in your property, then waterproofing this area and converting it into a dry room can be a cost-effective and highly rewarding way of extending your home and utilising valuable space. However, structural waterproofing below ground is a highly specialised field and must be undertaken by technicians and surveyors who have competent levels of skill, understanding and experience. Failures resulting from inadequate specifications or poor workmanship can be very costly, ranging from flooding of the basement through to serious structural damage.
Before moving forward with a basement tanking project, it’s important to ensure that you are aware of the different waterproofing options available to you. Depending on the structure of your home, your budget and the intended use of your newly converted space, a specific waterproofing method may suit you better. We work alongside a PCA trained and qualified C.S.S.W (Certificated Surveyor in Structural Waterproofing) who specialises in the provision of waterproofing systems, so if you are unsure about what is right for you, don’t hesitate to book a survey and our team will be able to advise you personally.
Below is a brief overview of the two primary basement tanking options as outlined by the British Standards Institution.
Type A Waterproofing
Type A Waterproofing is the simplest and most obvious form of basement tanking. It involves creating a barrier that groundwater from the outside cannot penetrate. Of the available waterproofing techniques, Type A is usually the most affordable and easy to implement. In particular, Type A Waterproofing is the preferred method if the walls of your basement have already been damaged or are currently suffering from significantly decreased structural strength.
Effectively implementing a Type A Waterproofing system requires a clean surface on the inside of the basement. To achieve this, the walls of the basement are stripped until the base material is exposed, after which a range of materials are added, finishing with some form of waterproofing material. This waterproofing agent can vary depending on the intended purpose of your new space and the requirements of your project, ranging from epoxy resins to more complex slurries and renders.
Type C Waterproofing
Type C Waterproofing is a significantly more intricate method of basement tanking that centres around pumping groundwater away from the basement by trapping it using a newly-installed membrane. The need for membrane installation and a full pump system usually makes this approach more expensive than Type A Waterproofing, though it can also be more effective, long-lasting and reliable depending on your local geography and the previous strength of your basement.
To install a water management system that enables Type C Waterproofing, significant work must be done on the basement’s walls including the addition of pipe systems, perimeter channels and the membranes that complete the waterproofing solution. In general, the Type C installation process is usually a little more intrusive, but definitely worth it in the right circumstances.
Basement Tanking with Avant Garde Damp Solutions
At Avant Garde Damp Solutions, we pride ourselves on offering a tailored service delivered by experts. From our PCA (Property Care Association) trained surveyors to our fully accredited specialist technicians, we want to ensure you receive the best quality experience every time.
Book a survey today and we will give you bespoke, honest advice based on your personal basement tanking project.Request Survey


BUTTING has won the biggest single order in its 230 year history. The order, from Subsea 7, a global leader in seabed-to-surface engineering, construction and services to the offshore industry, is for 84 km of clad pipes for the Guará-Lula NE field project in Brazil.
The Guará-Lula NE fields are part of the largest pre-salt oil fields discovered by Petrobras in the Santos basin off the coast of Brazil. Exploration will take place in the coming years, under extremely technically challenging conditions: more than 6,000 feet below the surface of the Atlantic Ocean. To date, the US $ 1 billion SURF (subsea umbilical, riser and flowlines) project awarded to Subsea 7, for four decoupled riser systems to be installed in the Guarà-Lula NE is the largest engineering, procurement, installation and commissioning (EPIC) contract awarded to date in Brazil.
The risers for the production, gas and water supply pipes will be equipped by Subsea 7 from the buoys with BuBi® pipes and clad pipes from Knesebeck. As the BUTTING pipes will be used in the demanding conditions of the seabed and around 750 feet below the surface of the water, the clad pipes must be fabricated to very strict tolerance standards.
For BUTTING, the order means delivering a total of more than 75 km of BuBi® pipes and 9 km of metallurgically clad pipes. Because of these conditions, the material combination of Grade 450 and Alloy 625 was selected.
Before the order was awarded, it was vital to ensure the reel capability of the mechanically clad pipes. Subsea 7 and BUTTING set up a joint comprehensive programme to develop the technology and demonstrate its suitability. This was accredited last year by independent institutions. Thus, these projects will for the first time see the laying of the BuBi® pipes by Subsea 7 using the reel-lay process. The mechanically clad pipe was technologically certified by the DNV under DNV RP A-203 for this special use.
Production will begin in Knesebeck in July 2011, and the first pipes are to be delivered in November 2011.
BUTTING - Progress by Tradition


Rivers continuously evolve over time and space and are often the key in surficial processes and landscape evolution. Often, the earth and engineering sciences cannot accurately predict morphologic changes in response to alterations imposed on river systems by dams, water withdrawals, and invasive non-native vegetation, among others. However, process-based, distributed modeling supported by accurate information are emerging tools to understand and forecast such changes. Sustainable management of rivers and reservoirs requires substantial enhancement of theoretical and modeling abilities.
The Center’s research interests in the Earth Sciences focuses on the links between water resources, turbulent flow patterns, rates of erosion and deposition, and river morphodynamics, in interaction with, ecological dynamics over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. This research approach combines mathematical, computational, and experimental techniques. We want to better understand river systems and reservoirs, as essential features of the landscape that provide natural water resources and habitat for aquatic ecosystems.
The current research efforts follow two main tracks of investigation: 1) autonomous systems applied to water-mediated environments, and 2) Large Eddy Simulation models of turbulence, sediment and riverbed evolution.
Autonomous Systems Applied to Water Mediated Environments
We are developing a method to utilize autonomous boats and unmanned aerial systems (UAS) to study fluvial geomorphology and earth science. Autonomous systems are becoming an alternative to conventional methods of mapping water features or taking bathymetric surveys because they significantly reduce the time of data collection and thus decrease the human power hours required. We are implementing a cost-effective alternative to retrieve submerged topography and quantify water storage in river systems and reservoirs using UAS and multibeam echo-sounding. Under the direction of Dr. Laura Alvarez, CASS engineers and undergraduate research assistants are developing an autonomous boat that utilizes a Pixhawk autopilot system running ArduBoat for mission planning with a multibeam sonar to capture bathymetry measurements in any water body as well as measure velocity and discharge rates in rivers and streams. Additionally, uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) carrying RBG and multispectral cameras can be flown over the water bodies being examined to estimate water depths for extremely shallow areas where the boat is unable to reach using refraction correction algorithms that are being developed. The Structure from Motion (SfM) technique is used to reconstruct the Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) by overlapping multiple 2D image sequences acquired from different viewpoints, such as from the sonar and the camera, and creating a high fidelity map of the terrain of the water body.
This research is also utilizing innovations in adaptive sampling and machine learning to improve decision making and information compression into intelligent systems for effective and efficient spatial reconnaissance. The research objectives are tackled though computer modeling with real-world observations and then tested in our robotic systems for surveying submerged features under mission time, energy, memory, and global positioning system constraints. These datasets can also serve as secondary data that can be used to construct computational domains and validate physically-based models.
Large Eddy Simulation (LES) Models of Turbulence, Sediment, and Riverbed Evolution
Dr. Alvarez is also investigating the physics of turbulent flows using a physically-based, eddy-resolving model in large-scale rivers. This work builds on the development of one of the first massively parallel, high performance computational model at the river reach scale. This applies Large Eddy Simulation (LES) techniques in which turbulence structures are directly calculated. This type of analysis gives physical insight into the turbulent flow patterns and coherent turbulence structures generated at a free shear layer downstream of flow separation zones. The results demonstrate that these turbulence structures play a fundamental role in controlling the deposition and erosion rates at the riverbed and banks. Sharp meanders, channel constrictions, many engineering structures, vegetation, and certain types of bedforms all cause flow separation, secondary circulation, and free shear layers.
One of the gaps in the scientific knowledge of fluvial systems is the low predictive capabilities of some available three and two-dimensional quasi-steady and steady models in complex river settings. This three dimensional, parallelized, turbulence resolving model can capture the instantaneous turbulent structures, sediment transport and geomorphologic changes. Results show realistic predictions of the geomorphologic changes in complex river systems featured by secondary flows and massive flow separation. The final objective is to provide a forecasting research tool to quantify the evolution of river landscapes.
Some specific current and future projects related to earth science include:
- Understanding earth surface processes through utilizing UAS, autonomous boats, and other emerging techniques (echosounders, structure from motion, photogrammetry, etc).
- Development of autonomous boats for reconnaissance using machine learning
- Examining the mechanics of turbulence, sediment transport and bed evolution in large scale river systems using Large Eddy Simulation (LES)


The pandemic has delayed or stalled several construction projects, owing to the shortage of materials such as structural steel and glass which are procured from Asia.
Secondly, working remotely was also not an option for construction workers on site.
In the post-Covid era, both pending as well as new construction projects are expected to come with anticipated growth in the healthcare, commercial, and transportation sectors. The residential projects are seeing an increased demand for multi-family complexes.
President Biden’s vision is to create a robust infrastructure that is safe, environment-friendly and can withstand climate change. The allocation of over USD 1 billion to ramp up the existing infrastructure – including railways, bridges, ports, and highways – certainly fuels this ambition.
So, what would the sector need to prepare itself for? Here’s an example from a public sector renovation project scenario.
Traffic interruption during construction and repair poses a significant challenge in road and railway projects. For projects under renovation, add to it the complexity of managing ground utilities like sewage lines, telephone cables, water supply etc. This directly impacts commuters and passengers who are taking the roadways, railways or airports, on a daily basis. This interruption will need to be managed by project owners. To avoid clashes during implementation leading to rework and project delays, these nuances will need be to be factored in during the planning stage. Insufficient contract management and lack of coordination between project stakeholders could also lead to further delays and losses. BIM based project planning can remedy all of this at once.
Though the AEC industry in USA is one of the largest construction markets worldwide, it is also fragmented in nature and had thus far, not really explored technology-enablers or digital tools to enhance productivity. However, the pandemic has introduced them to new possibilities. McKinsey, stated in a report published in 2020, that designers and engineers are increasingly using Building Information Management (BIM) to manage the projects and to speed up project execution and delivery.
This incumbent need for higher speed, scale and efficiency and the newfound interest for BIM among construction companies is an invitation for adoption of BIM-based solutions. BIM is not new to construction firms in the USA. It has been implemented since 1970s. What’s surprising though is the slow rate of adoption. The lack of a single federal agency that can plan and mandate BIM for all public projects, is perhaps one of the reasons responsible for rather low adoption rates of BIM. The absence of a BIM mandate makes it dependent on the association between construction firms, contractors, architects, and other stakeholders, thus slowing down the process.
On the implementation side, it is high time we think of BIM beyond its use as a design tool and explore the depths of information that BIM models provide. BIM models can serve as the single platform for resource planning and allocation, risk management, material estimation and timely procurement, transparent and real-time monitoring of progress, conflict-free construction within timelines, better team collaboration, integration of safety and sustainability aspects and more.
A powerful application of BIM modelling is in its ability to gauge the impact of natural disasters on any asset. Such information arms the project team in decision-making at early stages of the project, in taking corrective action, and saving any additional costs incurred. In high flood zone areas, using BIM model-based flood analysis and simulation can help project teams to modify or redesign the project to avoid or minimize the estimated impact of floods. Changing the elevation on the road can mitigate risks in a flood-prone area, for example.
In effect, BIM can certainly be the fulcrum for building a robust, resource-efficient, and sustainable infrastructure in USA!


Asbestos Refurbishment and Demolition Surveys
Refurbishment and Demolition Surveys were formerly known as a ‘Type 3’ asbestos survey. Normally, an asbestos surveyor is needed for Refurbishment and Demolition Surveys.
The Control of Asbestos Regulation 2012 has a requirement for all asbestos‑containing materials to be removed, as far as reasonably practicable, before major refurbishment and structural work (Asbestos Refurbishment Survey), or final demolition (Asbestos Demolition Survey).
In both Refurbishment and Demolition Surveys, since the asbestos will be removed rather than ‘managed’, there is no need for a record of the condition of the asbestos‑containing materials other than to indicate areas of damage, or where additional asbestos debris may be present. However, as the asbestos removal may not take place for some while, the condition of asbestos-containing materials is usually assessed so that it can be managed.
Asbestos Refurbishment and Demolition Surveys aim to ensure that:
- Nobody will be harmed by work on asbestos‑containing materials in the premises or equipment.
- Such work will be done by the right asbestos contractor in the right way.
Asbestos Refurbishment and Demolition Surveys are ‘fully-intrusive’ so the destructive techniques used will cause asbestos disturbance. That means the survey area must be vacated and then certified ‘fit for reoccupation’ afterwards.
The surveyor may need specialist equipment or assistance and additional advice may have to be sought from a competent person e.g. Structural Engineer, where brickwork is to be removed.
For minor asbestos survey works this would only apply to the room or area to be surveyed, although there must be effective isolation of the survey area (e.g. full floor to ceiling partition). As far as possible furnishings should be removed or protected by sheeting.
When is an Asbestos Refurbishment Survey required?
This is required where the premises, or part of it, need upgrading, structural work and/or refurbishment, or when more intrusive maintenance and repair work will be carried out or for plant removal or dismantling.
As described above destructive inspection techniques will be used to lift carpets and tiles, break through walls, ceilings, cladding and partitions, and to open up floors.
When is an Asbestos Demolition Survey required?
An Asbestos Demolition Survey is required when a building is proposed to be entirely demolished. In line with asbestos guidance, demolition is only utilised as a descriptive when the whole building will be demolished and entirely removed.
As far as is reasonably practicable the Demolition Survey must achieve full identification of all asbestos containing materials within all areas of the building.
As described above, aggressive inspection techniques will be used to lift carpets and tiles, break through walls, ceilings, cladding and partitions, and to open up floors.
Asbestos Refurbishment and/or Asbestos Demolition Survey?
If you are unsure whether you require an Asbestos Refurbishment or Demolition Survey please consult us for advice.
Our asbestos surveyor can assess whether the works required go beyond the scope of an existing Asbestos Management Survey.
For example, if a property requires painting then it is unlikely you would need a more detailed survey. However, if you are rewiring it is likely you will need an Asbestos Refurbishment Survey.
Occasionally an asbestos survey may include two different types of survey on the same building. This might be when a particular part of a building is to be refurbished or demolished and the rest of the property is to remain untouched but still requires a survey (this part of the building would be subjected to an Asbestos Management Survey).
Your Asbestos Refurbishment and/or Demolition Report comprises:‑
A comprehensive, detailed report highlighting the presence (or not) of any asbestos containing materials that were discovered,or were presumed to exist, during the course of the Asbestos Survey, in all accessible areas.
An Asbestos Register which can be used to identify the areas that contain asbestos and monitor its condition. An up‑date action plan on any asbestos containing materials that was found, or was presumed to exist.
Individual risk assessments and recommendations for each item/area of asbestos that is identified.
Drawings, photographs and plans of areas/items that are sampled for asbestos content (or where presumption of asbestos was made) to aid identification and location trace ability.
Advice on the action & treatment of any asbestos containing materials that were detected during the course of the Asbestos Survey.
Advice on periodic inspections and how to keep your Asbestos Register up‑to‑date.
A laboratory analysis Data Sheet showing the results of all samples that were taken during the asbestos survey.
- All work with asbestos must be done by trained people using proper precautions.
- You need to use a licensed contractor to work on high risk materials, such as pipe insulation, asbestos insulating panels or sprayed asbestos.
- You need a trained asbestos contractor even for work on materials such as asbestos cement, textured coatings or vinyl tiles.
Contact us now for expert guidance on Asbestos Refurbishment and Demolition Surveys
Alternatively, telephone us free on 0800 1613382.
We provide nationwide asbestos survey coverage.
For further information check HSE’s website or call HSE’s Infoline: 0845 345 0055.


- ; percolation water1. Ground water moving slowly through the microfissure network of a limestone, most of which eventually joins a major cave conduit and flows more rapidly. In most environments percolation water enters the limestone through a soil cover. It is therefore high in carbon dioxide and has a major influence on limestone dissolution and later redeposition of calcite speleothems. Percolation water accounts for most of the storage in a limestone aquifer, responds slowly to flooding in comparison to sinkhole water, and is normally of high enough quality to provide a drinking-water supply .2. The movement in laminar flow under hydrostatic pressure of water through the interconnected, saturated interstices of rock or soil, excluding movement through large openings such as caves and solution channels.3. The downward movement of water through the unsaturated zone .4. The downward flow of water in saturated or nearly saturated porous medium at hydraulic gradients of the order of 1.0 or less .5. The movement of water through saturated interior pore space .Synonym: seepage water.
A Lexicon of Cave and Karst Terminology with Special Reference to Environmental Karst Hydrology. Courtesy of the author & The Karst Waters Institute. 2002.