A hydro excavation truck relies on high-pressured water to penetrate through dirt and the vacuum system is meant to remove loose ground contents. It is considered a safe excavation because of the fact that it does not damage the underlying pipes and conduits. Therefore, if you are in the construction industry, a hydro excavation truck is must-have machinery. Several brands and designs of hydro excavation trucks are available in the market, and this can make it hard for first-time buyers to decide on the right one. As you know, the price of a hydro excavation truck is usually high, and thus you should opt for one that is worth the amount. The article herein will highlight some of the tips to employ when looking for the right hydro excavation truck.
The vacuum blower is one of the most integral parts of the hydro excavation truck as it aids the removal of the loose ground contents. The usefulness of a vacuum system in the truck means that it should be thoroughly examined before purchase. A hydro excavation truck can have either a positive-displacement or fan blower. The most suitable option for you is a positive-displacement blower because of the fact that is can achieve a constant velocity and airflow. In the case of a fan blower, the installed impellers boost pressure before discharging to the ground for excavation of the loose contents. As a first-time buyer, you should not hesitate to get the opinion of an expert as you might end up with the wrong hydro excavation truck. Besides, you should check the reviews to see the performance and efficiency.
Not all the hydro excavation trucks have the same configuration and capacity. Based on your needs, you should know the right configuration and capacity. To reduce the downtime, you should opt for trucks with a high tank capacity. Also, you should check the safety features incorporated in the hydro excavation truck you intend to buy. Modern hydro excavation trucks are fitted with different safety features to improve efficiency and effectiveness.
Finally, you should look at your budget. Since it is an expensive piece of machinery, you should find the most affordable dealer. For one-time use, you should hire instead of buying. If you purchase the truck for one-time use, you might end up spending a lot of money on maintenance and repairs. Therefore, when looking for an ideal hydro excavation truck that will guarantee a soft and safe excavation process, you should consider the above-discussed factors.


By: Violet Achimuagole
Morgan State University Newsroom
“Growing the future, leading the world.” Evidence is easy to come by that Morgan takes this tagline seriously. There is the University’s top ranking in production of Fulbright Scholars, for example, and the fact that Morgan is first in graduating African-American engineers. And then there’s the current “Exhibit A”: Morgan’s recently completed Center for the Built Environment and Infrastructure Studies (CBEIS).
CBEIS, a 125,000-square-foot, $67-million, state-of-the-art facility, will house research and instructional programs in Architecture and Planning; Transportation and Urban Infrastructure Studies; and Civil Engineering, in a highly cooperative and collaborative setting.
Having this powerful mix of disciplines under one roof sets Morgan apart from most other institutions of higher education. (The only other regional university with a similar housing arrangement is Howard University, which, unlike Morgan, has its engineering and architecture programs in the same college.) But that’s hardly the only thing that makes CBEIS special. The building is equipped with innovative technologies such as 3D projectors, an earthquake simulator, solar panels and an architecture studio with three high-quality printers. The earthquake simulator is one of only two on the east coast and “can shake up to nine points on the Richter scale,” reports Mary Anne Akers, Ph.D., dean of Morgan’s School of Architecture and Planning.
CBEIS features 34 classrooms/studios/computer labs; 100 offices; 10 group study rooms, conference rooms and jury rooms; four laboratories; a model shop; atrium spaces with skylights; lounges; a green roof; a loading/service access and 300 parking spaces.
The deans and department chairs of the resident programs expect CBEIS to aid their research and instruction.
“The engineering group is going from a university-level teaching facility to a research facility,” says Julie Wilson, design and construction project manager for CBEIS. “We have very unique equipment in this building.”
CBEIS was the vision of Dr. Earl Richardson, former president of MSU, and was launched with the assistance of Cynthia Wilder, the University’s facility planner. Hord Coplan Macht designed the facility, in association with The Freelon Group.
The new Center for the Built Environment and Infrastructure Studies is located on the northern-most edge of Morgan’s campus. The building is designed to interact with and provide a link between two very different environments: the urban context along Perring Parkway and the natural landscape of the Herring Run Watershed.
The grand opening for CBEIS will take place this summer on Sept. 20.


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Arcel combines polystyrene and polyethylene into a strong, flexible foam that can be fabricated or molded into complex shapes.
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Neopor GPS or Graphite Polystyrene is energy efficient and cost effective.
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PE is a closed cell foam often used for expendable packaging.
PE has a high structural integrity and compression strength as well as low moisture absorption.
PE is lightweight and durable.
PE is available in a wide range of densities and colors, including anti-stat.
Blueboard is an extruded styrene sheet product.
Blueboard is often used as an insulating underlayment for metal roofs, decking, and residential exterior wall cladding.
Blueboard has an R-value of 5 per inch of thickness.
Pressure Sensitive Adhesive (PSA) can be applied to the surface of Blueboard for adherence to metal roofs.


Choosing the appropriate roof product for your residence can be a secret for many homeowners. With the number of choices readily available, it has ended up being significantly difficult to choose.
Over the last few years, property steel roof covering has grown considerably in popularity as lots of home owners have learned of its sturdiness, while others have actually concentrated on the several designs and also shades readily available. However, there is still a greater number that are trying to unravel the clues.
Tom Black, executive director of the Steel Roof Covering Alliance (MRA), addresses one of the most typical concerns most house owners have regarding metal roofing:
Why should a house owner take into consideration steel roof?
Metal roof covering has several benefits. For instance, metal roofing systems have a lower life process expense than many traditional roof covering product such as asphalt or cedar as well as it can hold up against extreme weather condition such as hail, snow, high winds as well as fire. It's additionally offered in numerous designs as well as colors to fit virtually any kind of residence.
Exactly what is the overall expense of a steel roof covering?
Metal roofs could initially set you back three to 4 times more than traditional roof materials, yet property owners need to bear in mind that the typical asphalt or cedar roofing requires substitute every 15 years. While asphalt or cedar roofing systems are originally less expensive, roofing companies in Morrisville when home owners think about the price of a metal roof covering expanded over a 60-year duration, metal is the clear selection.
Do steel roofing systems have warranties?
While the majority of premium asphalt roofings will certainly last from 12 to 20 years, metal could last greater than 60. That's why you'll find most metal roof with guarantees of concerning 50 years-- nearly four times greater than the majority of other roof products.
Typically aren't metal roof coverings noisy?
Not at all. Metal roofs with solid sheathing and insulation control noise from rain, hailstorm as well as negative climate equally as well as any other roofing material.
How does metal roof stand up to extreme weather condition?
Metal roof is one of the most long lasting roof covering product readily available. Whether it's hail storm, snow, extreme winds or perhaps fire, steel roof covering shields house recommended you read owners from whatever Nature could throw their way. For example, in a hail tornado, a steel roof's strong framework stops damages, dings and other damages hail storm is understood to cause. As a matter of fact, house owners in some areas receive approximately a 30 percent decrease in their house owners insurance coverage for having a metal roof mounted.
Will steel roof assistance battle the increasing cost of power?
One of the most beneficial facets of metal roofing is its capacity to protect a residence. Not only does steel roof covering keep the house comfy despite the weather outside, yet it can in fact reduce air conditioning as well as heating bills.
Will steel roofing fit with the design of my house and also neighborhood?
Most definitely! Steel roof covering is available in a variety of designs, colors as well as finishes as well as is made to look just like various other prominent sorts of roof product including cedar shake, slate, asphalt roof shingles as well as clay floor tiles.
Where can property owners go look what i found with more details on steel roofing?
Homeowners could most likely to www.metalroofing.com to learn more about steel roof, watch the numerous styles available as well as take part in the "Ask the Specialists" area.


4 edition of Construction risks and liability sharing found in the catalog.
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
|Statement||sponsored by ASCE Construction Division Committees on Contract Administration and Tunneling and Underground Construction ; co-sponsors, National Academy of Engineering ... [et al.].|
|Contributions||American Society of Civil Engineers. Construction Division. Committee on Contract Administration., American Society of Civil Engineers. Committee on Tunneling and Underground Construction.|
|LC Classifications||KF902.A5 A17 1979|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||2 v. :|
|LC Control Number||80065819|
Listed buildings and conservation areas
Shakespeare on the stage
Options for fiscal consolidation in the United Kingdom
Rehabilitation of older housing
It seemed like a good idea at the time
Secrets of success
risk-sharing rule. In this paper, the risk sharing rules are investigated to characterize the contractual structure of project author exclusively focus upon the GCW form (The Standard Form of Agreement and General Conditions of Government Contract for Works of Building and CivilEngineering Construction)and the Get this from a library.
Construction risks and liability sharing: Scottsdale, Arizona, January[American Society of Civil Engineers. Construction Division. Committee on Contract Administration.; American Society of Civil Engineers.
Committee on Tunneling and Underground Construction.;] Risk in construction contracts ‘Risk', in a project delivery context, can be defined Construction risks and liability sharing book ‘an event or set of circumstances that, Construction risks and liability sharing book it occur, will have an effect on the achievement of the project's objectives'.
 Risk exists as a consequence of uncertainty, and, in any project, the exposure to risk produced by uncertainty must be :// T.-C. Lee et al.: Decision Analysis for Construction Contract Risk-Sharing 77 Judgment of risk liability Principle of civil contract Liability for Tort liability Risk-bearing liability Relevant legal regulation Assign risk bearer Fig.
Structure for judgment of contract risk liability. tion procurement, (2) Relevant regulations of labor, safety, In the second of our series of articles reviewing the FIDIC forms of contract, we take a closer look at the Construction risks and liability sharing book distinguishing features of the FIDIC approach to risk allocation and the philosophy underlying it, and highlight some key changes to the design liability provisions from the editions of the Rainbow :// With the success of Uber and AirBnB, most people have heard of the new sharing economy; unused resources and demand are matched through the internet to the mutual satisfaction of the parties involved.
For labor, the concept is not new. In the music and publishing industries, it is called getting a “gig’, and it has been around for centuries. In construction, the hiring hall helped make it Red Book is not a "pure" international form because, with some or even minor modifications, it can also be used on domestic contracts.
Thus, such similarities merit a comparison between these two forms, particularly in terms of risk-allocation. Risk allocations in construction contracts A Comparison of China's Standard Form of Construction Contract zhang_risk_mgt_pdf.
Construction Risk in a P3 – Key Construction risks and liability sharing book terms (Cont’d) Construction risks and liability sharing book Equivalent project relief – Large caps on liability • Fraud, contract cost, insurance proceed exemptions – Restrictions on claims for time extension and additional costs – Bankability joint ventures.
Risk management and risk-sharing are important topics in construction industry. They are also important topics in construction joint ventures. About risk management in construction joint ventures, the previous literatures focused on providing a list of risks in construction joint ventures.
There are no literatures focus on risk The FIDIC Silver Book has adopted most of the wishes of employers and lenders for the above mentioned types Construction risks and liability sharing book projects.
Most of the risks are borne by the contractor including for example (but not limited to them) the risks of unforeseen ground conditions and the responsibility in respect to design which is completely done by the :// Risk allocation in the FIDIC Conditions of.
the construction industry and how the practitioners are managing risks in everyday situations. The theory of the risk management process will be compared to the actual practice in order to investigate similarities and A Quick Introduction to Construction Risks and Contracting Construction risks and liability sharing book January 3 standard terms and conditions provides contractors and subcontractors with the necessary comfort to offer lower bids or negotiated prices.
Another reason to support the use of industry standard forms is that drafting a Insurance and construction project risks: a review and research agenda Abstract: There is a growing body of interests in construction insurance, supporting interactions between the construction industry and the insurance industry.
However, it is not always clear why construction insurance exists and how it operates from the perspective of provide an overview of risk allocation in construction projects and the methods adopted by various participants to manage that risk in an always dynamic environment.
Ideology and practice A logical starting point for an analysis of risk allocation in major construction projects is the set of principles of allocating obligations and/or risks for all Commercial Liability Effective Contractual Risk Transfer in Construction. When astutely negotiated, a construction contract can become a valuable risk management tool.
Liabilities can be equitably distributed among the contracting parties—general contractor, subcontractors, suppliers, Construction Law and Risk Management Resource Center.
This website by J. Kent Holland, principal of ConstructionRisk, LLC, is published as a free construction risk management resource. The top menu bar includes drop down menus with numerous articles, papers, and continuing education :// Construction.
Risk is ever present in the construction sector, creating uncertainties that can increase costs, erode stakeholder confidence, and negatively impact the delivery of project goals.A professional risk management strategy can reduce uncertainty and promote increased reward.
Our team helps you assess risks and opportunities and uncover ways to use working capital more :// completion risks, such as the stage of completion of the design at the point at which the parties enter into the EPC contract, the sub-surface conditions which are encountered during construction of the foundations for the works, the availability of labour and / § [A] CONSTRUCTION BUSINESS HANDBOOK § INSURANCE COVERAGE FOR TRADITIONAL CONSTRUCTION RISKS [A] Negotiating and Identifying Construction Risks One of the most important aspects of a construction risk management program is developing a balanced approach to risk allocation.
In negotiating a contract, contractors~/media/Files/articles/Construction Business. A significant component of successful risk management begins with how well the project participants allocate risks at the contract formation stage.
Ideally, the project documents will allocate responsibility for certain risks to the party best situated to bear those risks, thereby minimizing the likelihood and the cost of each risk. Careful contract preparation and review are essential to 21 Design liability under JCT 05 22 JCT Major Projects Form 23 The ECC 3 Building it wrong 1 Construction is a fascinating subject and even more so when one looks at what can go wrong.
As design is an iterative process design failings are amongst the most colourful. Design usually involves refinement or changes as a result of further 16 - Design Liability. Construction risks _____26 Demand risks _____26 risks sharing arrangements, and macroeconomic scenarios.
Estimates fiscal impact in together with its corresponding liability, and revenues and expenses should be accounted accordingly. Who ultimately pays Engineering insurance refers to the insurance that provides economic safeguard to the risks faced by the ongoing construction project, installation project, and machines and equipment in project operation.
It exclusively insured the project risks with the third party liability insurance for the central highway of Algeria, and the total Technology changed the way we think about everything.
Ironically, some of the most technologically advanced professionals – architects and engineers - frequently fail to think about their professional liability risks created by the technology used during the construction process.
For example, a escalating trend for the last 10 years has been for clients to demand The Red Book provisions relating to risk, responsibility, liability, indemnity and insurance.
Clause 20 of the Red Book — ‘ care of the works’; ‘ responsibility to rectify loss or damage’; ‘ loss or damage due to employer's risks’; and ‘ employer's risks’ Clause 65 of the Red Book Management liability: This can include directors’ and officers’ coverage, fiduciary coverage, and travel coverage.
The need for these different forms of coverage is not always obvious, but it is worthwhile to discuss with your agent.
Job Ready Guide Construction risk management 6~/media/sage-job-ready/assets/risk-management_insurance. Operating and ﬁnancial risks can be decomposed further. For example, within the general category of operating risks we can consider subclasses such as per-sonal liability and commercial property/casualty liability.
Within commercial property/casualty (P&C) liability we Insurance for Defective Construction saves you time and money because the author, a practicing attorney, has done the work for you, analyzing the latest legal trends, approaches, and theories in this area.
He includes an explanation of the drafting history behind the provisions governing the CGL policy's coverage for construction defect claims of risk to the contractor or sharing of the risk.
The risks most favored by the specialty subcontractors are highlighted in Table 2. These risks are listed in the order of responses for the allocation method.
According to the survey, a total of eight design-build construction project risks should The success of construction lenders, owners, contractors or subcontractors may depend on how well each of them addresses project risks. This is called “risk management.” A major part of risk management is “risk allocation,” whereby a party assigns by contract the responsibility for a certain risk to another party, who will then bear / The Benefits and Risks of Partnering The challenge of any partnership is to bring these diverse contributions together, linked by a common vision in order to achieve sustainable development goals.
Organisations choose to partner because they cannot achieve their desired goals by other, non-partnership :// it result in construction delays and additional cost to the contractor but it easily leads to disputes on the liability for the deflection.
Construction risk. The risks are involved in con-struction delay, changes in the work and construction technology.
Technological risk. Designing errors; lack of tech- This book has been prepared for insurers, their advisors, contractors and other professionals involved in the construction and engineering industry.
The aim of this book is to examine the issues arising from the interpretation of contract works and construction liability insurance policies by courts in Australia and the United :// Risk in construction contracts 'Risk', in a project delivery context, can be defined as 'an uncertain event or set of circumstances that, should it occur, will have an effect on the achievement of one or more of the project's objectives'.
2 Risk exists as a consequence of uncertainty, and, in any project, the exposure to risk produced by uncertainty must be managed. 3 /allocation-of-risk-in-construction-contracts. The other 邢construction material have no such of function, this is why our ancestry so like of bamboo.
是其它建筑材料没有的性能，这是为什么我们的祖先那样喜欢竹子的原因。  参考资料 1. construction ．有道词典 [引用日期] 图集 Construction management at risk (CMAR) is an innovative approach to construction project delivery methods, useful in the completion of projects of various size and values. Another way you may see this system written is [email protected] or CM at risk.
In essence, all project delivery methods consist of elements, including design, planning, construction Effective reporting for construction projects: increasing the likelihood of project success Thought Leadership Series also facilitate knowledge sharing by providing information in simple, progress, schedule, risks/issues, quality, contract status, /07/ Handbook of Asset and Liability Management.
Book • Black-Derman-Toy binomial lattice calibrated from market data to generate scenarios and scenario reduction and scenario construction methods are applied using GAMS.
the integral approach implies that the strategic asset allocation is evaluated in terms of the costs, benefits Risk and Safety in Engineering ENGR Ethics and Engineering Required reading: Harris, Pritchard and Rabins, Engineering Ethics: Concepts and Cases, 2nd ed.
Chapter 7, “Risk, Safety and Liability in Engineering” An Engineering Responsibility Codes of ethics require the engineer to prevent exposure of the public to unacceptable risks.
NSPE Risk Assessment for Public-Private Partnerships: A Primer 1. Introduction Structure of this Primer This Primer is structured as follows. Chapter 2 discusses how the extent of risk transfer varies by type of project and type of P3 contract.
Chapter 3 outlines the key types of risks faced in P3 ://. Liability pdf Defects in Construction Pdf - who pays and how much? page 3 2. See the Court of Appeal decision in Crown Estate Commissioners v John Mowlem & Co Limited both are deﬁ ned as the completion of all the construction work that has to be done, subject only to very minor items of work left :// for Defects in.The term contractual liability means liability that one party assumes on behalf of another by way of a contract.
Contractual liability is automatically covered by the standard I SO general liability policy. Many businesses engage in contracts like building leases, equipment leases, maintenance agreements, and construction ://General partnerships and ebook partnerships are common approaches to setting up a small business with multiple owners.
The primary difference is that all partners share liability risks in a general partnership, whereas limited partners have fewer risks in an LP ://


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The Town of Estill is currently accepting applications for a water and wastewater operator.
Responsible for the operation and maintenance of water wells, water distribution lines, sewer outfall lines, elevated water storage tanks, lift stations and the wastewater treatment plant
- Minimum Class C water and wastewater license required
- Two years of experience as a licensed water and wastewater operator is preferred
- Must pass a criminal background check, drug screening and satisfactory work history review
- Valid SC driver’s license
Salary range: $45,000 - $50,000 based on experience
How to apply:
Applications may be obtained at the Estill Town Hall, 323 Martin L King Jr Blvd S, Estill, SC or sent by mail to motivated applicants. For more information, call 803.625.3243. Office hours are 8:30 a.m. – 5 p.m., Monday – Friday. Submit resume and application to the Town of Estill, Attn: Water and Wastewater Commissioner, Water and Wastewater Operator Application, PO Box 415, Estill, SC 29918.
Deadline: Position open until filled
The Town of Estill is an Equal Opportunity Employer.


Pentens L-210 is a multifunctional synthetic rubber based waterproofing product. The use of ultra high pressure water jet cutting process treated recycled rubber granules to replace the greater part of conventional fillers and aggregates in product formulation, up to 40% of the total product weight, makes Pentens L-210 an eco-friendly coating with extraordinary physical properties.
Pentens L-210 is a 5 function in 1 product for:
2. Thermal Insulation
3. Weather Resistance
5. Sound Insulation
It can be easily applied on:
- Concrete Roof, Metal sheet Roof, Exterior Wall / Facade and Bathroom / Balcony.
- The cured resilient film presents fine resistance to water, corrosion, thermal, acoustic,


The River Angara.
Length: 1779 km
The basin area: 1 040 000 km2
The Angara-river – a river in Eastern Siberia, the largest right tributary of the Yenisei river, the only river flowing out of lake Baikal. Flows through the territory of Irkutsk region and Krasnoyarsk Krai.
The basin area is 1 040 km2, including without basin of lake Baikal 468 thousand km2. Angara starts from lake Baikal flow width 1.1 km and flows first in the Northern direction. The section from the source to the city of Irkutsk is an Irkutsk reservoir. In the North-West of Irkutsk region on the Angara river is the Bratsk reservoir, which is the Bratsk hydroelectric power station. After the bend on the Angara river, below the Bratsk water reservoir, located in Ust-Ilimsk. The river then turns West – the Krasnoyarsk territory, where next to Lesosibirsk flows into the Yenisei. The origin of the Angara to do with the nature of the morphology of the river valley at the source, reminiscent of the ravine, gorge on which the Hangar pulled away from Baikal.
Hydrology the river.
The water flow in the beginning of Angara river is 1 855 m3/s, in Padun (Bratsk) – 2 814 (up to 14 200), in Boguchany – 3 515 m3/s at the mouth 4 530 m3/s, or about 143 km3 per year. For 46 years of observations at the gauging station «Tatarka» near the mouth of the minimum value of the average annual water consumption amounted 3767 m3/s in 1964, maximum in 1995 – 5 521 m3/S. the maximum mean monthly consumption was observed in may 1966 and was 12 600 m3/S. the Main flow is regulated by a waterworks on the river, reservoir by seasonal and long-term regulation.
Relatively small length in 1779 km Hangar has a significant difference equal to 380 meters and a large hydropower potential.
On the river were built three hydropower plants, which form the Angarsk cascade of hydroelectric power stations: in order, from the source – Irkutsk, Bratsk and Ust-Ilimsk. The fourth stage of the cascade, Boguchanskaya HPP, are being built. In the future it is planned to build Nizhneangarsk cascade of HPPs. Before the construction of the HPP safe shipping was impossible because of the rapids on the river, which was a serious obstacle in the development of the region. Passage of vessels was possible in the lower reaches of the Yenisey river to Boguchansky thresholds, and in the upper flow from lake Baikal to the Padunskie thresholds. On the river there were also timber rafting. In 2009, river transport is possible on four isolated plots: the Angarsk part of the Irkutsk reservoir without Baikal lake (52 km); from the dam of the Bratsk hydroelectric power station to Irkutsk hydroelectric power station (606 km); Ust-Ilimsk reservoir (292 km); from Yenisei to Boguchansky thresholds (445 km). Hangar in Boguchansk district After the completion of the Boguchanskaya HPP – the water reservoir length 375 km will be possible passage of vessels with a low draught all along the river, on the condition that the Angara hydroelectric complexes are equipped sluices or slipways. The site of flow below Boguchansky rapids to the mouth remains shallow and accessible to the ships of the class ” river-sea».


The Illinois Department of Transportation is proposing to remove and replace the existing IL 100/106 bridge (Florence Bridge) over the Illinois River, located in the Village of Florence in Pike County, Illinois. The Florence Bridge connects Pike County to the west and Scott County to the east. It is an important river crossing to the Village of Florence and is relied on by the residents, agricultural community, and businesses in the surrounding area. This bridge has been determined eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). It includes a 217-foot movable lift span to allow river navigation.
The Florence Bridge replacement project is funded in part by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Pursuant to Title 23, United States Code, section 144, paragraph g (23 U.S.C 144(g)) “Historic Bridge Program”, any state that proposes to demolish a NRHP-eligible bridge and is asking for federal participation in funding, shall first make the bridge available for donation to a State, local or responsible private entity.
Therefore, the Illinois Department of Transportation is offering the Florence Bridge over the Illinois River to any interested qualifying State, Local, or responsible private entity. The entity will need to enter into an agreement with the Illinois Department of Transportation under the following conditions:
- The bridge must be relocated in coordination with the bridge replacement project schedule;
- Assume all future legal and financial responsibility for the bridge, which will include an agreement to hold the Illinois Department of Transportation harmless in any liability action; and
- Maintain in perpetuity the bridge and the features that give it its historic significance.
If relocated, the Illinois Department of Transportation will cover costs associated with moving this bridge, not to exceed the would-be cost of demolition of this bridge. All remaining costs shall be the responsibility of the entity requesting to move the structure.
Interested parties should send a letter of interest, stating the funding means, location of bridge placement, means of moving the structure, and timetable for the move. Letters of interest should be sent to:
Illinois Department of Transportation
Region 4/District 6
126 East Ash Street
Springfield, Illinois 62704
Mr. Jeffrey P. Myers,
Program Development Engineer
Sal Madonia, Studies & Plans Engineer
Phone (217) 782-4760
Normal business hours are 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Monday through Friday.
Please respond by April 15, 2019, to be considered for transfer of bridge ownership.


In an industry where errors and mistakes need to be avoided at all costs we provide a service without compromise.
Our team of skilled, professional surveyors have the flexibility to ensure your survey requirements are fulfilled with the necessary speed, precision and dependability.
A Short Introduction
Welcome to 360G
We are a specialist land and measured building surveying company. We offer a progressive and dynamic approach to the production of our surveys and are focused on the current and immediate needs of our clients. We provide accurate and cost effective surveys nationwide.
We are a member of The Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors (CICES). This is an international qualifying body dedicated to the regulation, education and training of surveyors working within civil engineering. Please see the CICES webpage here
"We serve clients large and small all over the country, so for any surveying requirement get in touch with us today and we can help."
Why 360 Geomatics?
A specialist land and measured building surveying company
A Member of The Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors (CICES)
Accurate and cost effective surveys nationwide
Skilled, professional surveyors offering speed, precision and dependability
Surveys undertaken for clients large and small, nationwide
A progressive and dynamic approach to the production of surveys
A Team To Be Proud Of...
Geomatics. Land Surveyors. Measured Building Surveyors.
Our team of skilled, professional surveyors have the flexibility to ensure your survey requirements are fulfilled with the necessary speed, precision and dependability
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A Few FAQs....
We update many plans we have previously surveyed, even plans that were not originally surveyed by us. New boundaries, new levels, new roads etc potentially mean new surveys being required. Please feel free to get in contact with us so we can advise further.
Metrix specialise in the provision of measured survey data in digital format for use in CAD (Computer Aided Drafting) systems as used by 90% of architects, engineers and contractors in the UK. If you need data in a different format for your system, just ask!
Geomatics encompasses the collection, management and presentation of spatial data. This discipline has evolved from the traditional collection of data associated with land surveyors.


Multiple tools in the ultramodern age have shaped the route engineers structure buildings, building aircrafts, fit structural strength, and avoid coming troubles. One of these significant tools is an inclinometer. Keep reading this article to learn further about the uses of an Inclinometer!
An inclinometer is capable of measuring the exact angle of a mooring line inclination. Many mooring systems can fit with inclinometers designed to report line tensions. These systems determine the mooring line tension depending on the angle by reference to a catenary equation.
Note: It is important to know the positions of the anchor and the vessel in order to get the line tension change from the angle measurement. An alarm showing a mooring line failure may raise if the angle went outside the predefined limits.
What is an Inclinometer?
An inclinometer, also called as clinometer, is a tool to measure the angles of slope and depression of an object with respect to gravity. The resulting measurement can be in the form of an angular measurement (degrees, minutes, seconds etc.) or as a percentage with reference to a level zero plane.
Clinometer monitors the effect of gravity on a small mass hold off in an elastic support structure so that when the device moves, this mass moves and change capacitance between the mass and the support. Inclinometer uses an accelerometer for the measurement of these angles. It is a system that measures displacements across a reference line in ground and structures. Example applications of inclinometer may include:
- Position feedback of the solar tracking systems
- GPS compensation
- Platform monitoring
- Platform leveling
- Agricultural and industrial vehicle tilt monitoring
For such a wide range of applications, inclinometer specifications may vary greatly, such as:
- Measurement Range
- Number of Axes Measured
- Accuracy (maximum error between the measured and displayed value at any point in the measurement range)
- Output Type (can allow you to connect and retrieve data from the device
- Resolution (smallest measurable change in output)
- Temperature Range (based on the components)
Inclinometers is a perfect tool for a variety of surveying and measurement projects. In land surveying and mapping, it gives a rapid measurement of the slope of a geographic feature. Inclinometers can measure the strike and dip of geologic formations in drilling for minerals. In forestry, it can measure the tree height using standardized methods including triangulation. Artillery guns have an associated inclinometer to facilitate aiming of shells over long distances.
Uses Of An Inclinometer
Inclinometer has been used since the 1900s and over the years, its uses have increased a lot more. It has manifold uses such as in aircrafts, while climbing places of high altitude, to find out about the inclination of building constructions and the slopes of trees. One of the most known inclinometers is the Well’s Inclinometer. It is very unique device and its uniqueness makes the tool an important part of the marine industry, construction industry, mill industry, and others.
Experts use this tool to measure the magnitude of pitch and upgrading or depression of an object. Other than that, a type of inclinometers called Bubble inclinometer uses in operations like Aviation, engineering and military exercises. There are various classes of this tool that enable engineers to take important measures.
Here are 4 uses of inclinometer you must know:
1. Monitoring Landslides
Landslides are a constant hazard for structure. There’s no telling when a landslide could happen and invoke the whole structure to distort. But with devices like inclinometers, architects can have an idea about when a landslide could come about. Landslide monitoring with an inclinometer shows the strength of shear zones and provides data about the movement of landslides. Installation of inclinometers depends on colorful factors in the case of landslide monitoring. Anyhow of the place, where they install; they allow a perfect dimension of ground creeps. An added benefit is measuring the rate of landslide movement, so no stone can quit unturn by national engineers to preclude the unfavorable things.
2. Structural Performance
Holding structures need proper examination as they’re prone to side pressure. The movements in the ground deliver them unfriendly stuff that can generate a severe problem. The worst thing is that these distortions in the withholding structure cannot be suspected, and they can do indeed after a construction design is done. One of the uses of inclinometers is that they can be used to prevent these distortions. Engineers inaugurate the inclinometers in the boreholes or in the rudiments of a structure to be apprehensive of any possible hazards before time. The inclinometers can supply practicable data about the structural fluctuations, so administrations like the armed forces have enough time for action.
3. Stability Of Slopes
Slopes like filling dikes are important for numerous structures. But assuring that the integrity of these man- made slopes is over to the mark is a real struggle for engineers. Any fluctuations in the ground can bring about the collapse of a slope. The dimension of the stability of different pitches is done flawlessly with inclinometers. The installation styles for fitting slope stability are the identical as for landslide monitoring, and the results are comprehensive for civil engineers.
4. Tunnel Drilling Monitoring
Tunnels and shafts are significant terms of the structure. Like all the other structure items, you have to make sure that they stay powerful over time by ground motions. Displacements of any roadblocks can inflict loss on the whole structure. The perfect result for checking these Tunnel drilling systems is using inclinometers for monitoring. These tools can check the efficiency of the ground, find out any defects in the plan and modify the way of building these tunnels. As the inclinometers can be used to detect any faults, they can effortlessly inform the engineers before construction if there are any ground collapses in the structure point. Military workforce also uses these inclinometers for making tunnels.
Factors that affect the use of inclinometers
A wide range of factors can affect the use of inclinometers. The overall accuracy depends on the type of tilt sensor and technology used.
- Vibration and shock
- Temperature (drift), zero offset
- The angle measurement precision and accuracy may limit to better than one arcsec.
- A line of sight between the user and the measured point is required.
- A well-defined object is needed to acquire the maximum precision.
- Cross-axis sensitivity
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A large gap in the electricity supply and demand is causing rolling load shedding all over Pakistan since many years. Installing run of the river and medium size hydro electric projects in Northern Pakistan can help reduce electric load shedding. However, high a capital investment is required for building hydro electric power projects and a long period of payback is a barrier for such investments. The Carbon Offset credits generated from hydro electric project can reduce the investment financial burden.
Carbon offsets are generated when electricity produced from hydro electric generation displaces grid electricity that is mostly generated using fossil fuel. For example, a 30 MW run of the river project with 90 capacity factor can generate approximately 236,520 megawatt hours (MWh) per year which will displace equivalent amount of fossil fuel fired WAPDA grid electricity. At the average WAPDA combined grid factor of 0.594 tonnes of carbon dioxide (tCO2e) per MWh hydro electric project will generate 140,492 tCO2e offset credits per year. At a prevalent carbon offset price of US $10 per CER (certified emission reduction), this will add additional revenue of $1,404,493 per year thus increasing rate of return on the hydro electric project that you plan to install or are in the process of installing or have already installed.
How does this process work?
After gathering your hydro electric project design and plant operation information:
- Polar Design Studio will complete the Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) project design document (PDD). (takes 1 – 3 months)
- Once the PDD is finalized, a CER purchase agreement (ERPA) will be negotiated for a 10 year period with a potential buyer from the developed world.
- A DOE (PDD validation) firm will be hired to perform the project PDD validation and registration with the CDM Board. (takes 3 – 6 months)
- As part of step 3, the PDD approval letter will be obtained from the Pakistan CDM, (Designated National Authority) and Environmental Impact assessment (EIA) approval will be taken from the Ministry of Environment.
- On successful registration of the project (PDD) with the CDM Board, project monitoring according to the PDD will be started and all required WHR monitoring data will be collected each year.
- DOE will verify monitoring report for the year and register it with the CDM Board to release CER generated from the project for the year.
- The CER released each year will be transferred to the buyer who will in return pay CER purchased amount as per ERPA agreement.
- The process of project monitoring and verification will be done each year for the project life-cycle of 10 years.
What will be our role?
- Polar Design Studio in partnership with the project owner will complete: project CDM
- PDD development, validation, registration, monitoring and CER transfer during the CDM project life cycle.
- Polar Design Studio will ensure all CER monitoring is carried out every year and CER generated are transferred to buyer and funds are released from buyer are transferred to the project owner each year.
- Next Step!
- Call us to discuss and provide the preliminary information about your hydro electric project for CDM potential analysis.
- We will let you know your existing or potential project CDM CER revenue potential.
- Once you sign agreement, working with you we will proceed with your CDM project development.


Design and construction contracts Download PDF EPUB FB2
Jan 02, · instead it refers mostly to "the designer," meaning the "design team" which an architect may lead. construction, however, is more than architecture, and the book's content explains that, especially in the part on "design-build" contracts, a method of operation that utilises a building contractor's experience from the outset/5(5).
Nov 21, · It is written from the perspective of the Barbara J. Jackson, Director of the California Center for Construction Education and a Professor of Construction Management at California Polytechnic State University, who has decades of working both as a licensed contractor and design-builder and also advising individuals in their careers.
Also, open book contracts use a stepped permit process which allows the construction and design components to begin at the same time. A reduction in cost — By knowing the actual upfront costs in the beginning of the project, you start with a more accurate budget and can allocate expenses for other parts of the project.
In both Books, the Contractor is to: design, execute and complete the works in accordance with the contract, and; remedy any defects in the works, so that; when completed, the works shall be fit for the purposes for which the works are intended as defined in the contract. RIBA Books.
An unrivalled range of the best architecture, design and construction books from around the world. framework of the Design-Build Contract to act in a time-conscious manner. However, under Civil law jurisdictions, while it is not an express term of the FIDIC Yellow Book Contract, it is a concept that applies to the Yellow Book, whether amended or not by the Particular Conditions,since it reﬂects an aspect of the Parties‟ obligation under.
Design Build Contract Templates Used to Contract with a single party that Designs and Builds the project. The Design Build contract templates listed below must be used by the University when the University contracts with a single party that designs and builds the project.
Aug 29, · Design-build is a popular contracting method widely used around the world, including in the U.S. As the name implies, this type of contract combines the design and construction, often called the project delivery, under a single agreement.
Design-build can save time over other contracting methods and can prevent situations where the owner is caught between the designer and the builder in contract.
•D-B Contractor is responsible for: • Design, preparation of detailed technical specifications and drawings, procurement, construction, testing, commissioning • Meeting Owner’s Requirements. oversight during design and construction, are key elements in selecting the appropriate Project Delivery System.
This program will benefit Owners, Design Professionals, Construction Managers, as well • Owner-General Contractor. The Design Professional and General Contractor are not in a contract. both the design and the construction of the works.
Due to this fact the contractor bears more risk when compared to a pure construction contract (including ensuring that the work is fit for its intended purpose). Therefore, this is a moderately priced arrangement; usually a fixed lump sum price is required for doing both design and construction.
The FIDIC suite of construction contracts is written and published by the International Federation of Consulting Engineers. The FIDIC acronym stands for the French version of the Federation’s name (Federation Internationale des Ingenieurs-Conseil).
The best known of the FIDIC contracts are the Red Book (building and engineering works. The Leading Construction Bookshop. Construction Books is a specialised online bookshop offering a comprehensive range of building contracts including JCT & NEC Contracts and a wide range of specialist books for Professionals & Contractors.
FIDIC Gold book - DBO Conditions of Contract for Design Build and Operate Projects, Download Fidic Book When preparing these Conditions of Contract for Design, Build and Operate Projects, the drafting task group has attempted to include all conditions of a general nature, which are likely to apply to the majority of DBO contracts, into General 5/5.
Contract Guide for Design Professionals – module 8 of 9. Discussion of the following contract clauses: Severability, Shop Drawings, Site Safety and Standard of Care. Contracts for Design Professionals – Slides for Module 8. Video Transcript. Hello, this is J.
Kent Holland. key strengths of the gold Book, besides performance obligations, lies with the obligation of the Contractor This requires the Contractor to optimize design, construction, and operation activities to deliver assets, the actual life span of which is optimized, since any early. USER’S GUIDE TO DESIGN–BUILD–OPERATE CONTRACTS FOR WATER.
Design-build is the best performing delivery system for both schedule and cost. CII/Pankow has revisited the nation’s seminal design-build performance research 20 years later.
Design-build continues to out-perform other delivery systems in cost, schedule, growth measures, construction and delivery speed. Nov 02, · Successive editions of the Red Book were issued in4 5 and 6 The other long-established FIDIC contract is the Yellow Book, 7 first produced in and with subsequent editions in 8 and9 which is the design and build equivalent of the employer design Red Book.
In the mid s, two significant landmarks occurred in. TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS 4. Construction management at risk usually, contractor is selected based on qualifications, not price contractor is brought early in design phase cost and fees are open book allowable and unallowable costs guaranteed maximum price (GMP) Construction.
FIDIC - Designing Buildings Wiki - Share your construction industry knowledge. FIDIC (‘Fédération Internationale des Ingénieurs-Conseils’ or ‘the International Federation of Consulting Engineers’) was founded in It is a membership organisation, with members comprising national associations of consulting engineers from 97 countries.
Handbook of Green Building Design and Construction: LEED, BREEAM, and Green Globes, Second Edition directly addresses the needs of building professionals interested in the evolving principles, strategies, and concepts of green/sustainable design. Written in an easy to understand style, the book is updated to reflect new standards to LEED.
Engineering, procurement, construction and commissioning (EPCC) contracts are the most common form of contract used to undertake construction works by the private sector on large-scale and complex infrastructure projects.
Under an EPCC contract a contractor is obliged to deliver a complete facility. This was the first design and build contract released by FIDIC.
The (new) Red Book. Released in The Red Book is suitable for contracts that the majority of design rests with the Employer. The (new) Yellow Book. Released in The Yellow Book is suitable for contracts that the contractor has the majority of the design responsibility Author: Koko Udom.
Jul 10, · Finally, at the construction stage, the actual construction of the building will take place by the contractor who won the bid, in line with the original design. What is a Design and Build Contract. In contrast, there are two key differences between a traditional contract and a Design and Build contract.
The second type of FIDIC Contract, the so-called FIDIC Yellow Book, is a standard contract where the design is carried out by the Contractor. The Yellow Book is also known as a Plant and Design-Build contract.
The Contractor is usually paid on a lump sum basis. The Yellow Book was published for the first time inwith subsequent revisions.
AASHTO A Guide for Methods and Procedures in Contract Maintenance 2nd Edition This manual is intended for use early in a career in roadway and bridge maintenance and will assist in understanding the processes, methods, and materials for maintaining bridge and highway systems.
AASHTO A Guide for Methods and Procedures in Contract Maintenance The maintenance field is evolving into its own. Aug 12, · DB is currently used in many smaller projects, but can also accommodate more complex building projects due to the collaborative approach of the design and contractor.
Design-Build Firms vs General Contractors. When a construction project is planned, a contractor is required. Jun 30, · Building Design And Construction Handbook.Design–build (or design/build, and abbreviated D–B or D/B accordingly) is a project delivery system used in the construction industry.
It is a method to deliver a project in which the design and construction services are contracted by a single entity known as the design–builder or design–build yosi-k.com can be subdivided into architect-led design–build (ALDB, sometimes known as.NEC3: Contracts NEC3 is a family of contracts unique in offering a complete end-to-end project management solution for the entire project life-cycle; from planning, defining legal relationships and procurement of works, all the way through to project completion, management and beyond.


COMPLETED: 2007 and 2011
The unique solar projects at the Google campus are a part of Google’s mission to research new technologies and advance clean energy. Owned and operated by Google, these solar projects feed the load side of multiple electrical meters across the campus. The solar arrays are installed across 3 types of rooftops (single ply membrane, built up tar and gravel, standing seam metal) and 2 different carport structures. The arrays span across 7 buildings and 2 parking lots to deliver nearly 2MWp.
Full design and construction for the GARfield site in 2011. Full design and engineering for the main campus project in 2006-2007. Blue Oak Energy also performed construction administration and quality management for the main campus construction phases.
The main campus Google project was made possible by the California Self Generation Incentive Program (SGIP) which was launched in 2001. This program is one of the longest-running and most successful distributed generation incentive programs in the country. Incentives for this project were based on the total installed peak power rating, also known as a capacity rebate. As a result, the design decision and overall project goals were to install as much capacity as possible, with less emphasis on optimal performance. In 2011, Google also installed a solar array at their Recreational Fields, known as Google Athletic and Recreation field (GARfield for short). This is recreational area provides Google employees with a soccer field, a basketball court, bocce ball courts, a horseshoe throwing area, a disc golf area and a putting green. Over the top of the bocce ball courts is a transparent solar array with high efficiency modules. To the North of the soccer field is a ground mounted solar array with standard crystalline solar modules.
|Panel Type:||Sharp & Sanyo|
|Racking Type:||Sunlink, Unirac|
|Attachment:||Penetrations and Standing Seam Clamps|
|Inverter Type:||Enphase, PV Powered, Satcon|
|System Size [DC]:||2MW overall with 1.9MW at the main campus & 100kW at GARfield|
|DC Voltage:||600 V|
|AC Voltage:||208 and 480|


For pitched roofs we mainly install so-called honeycomb roofs, where we use bitumen shingles as cover material. Bitumen shingles are suitable for all roofs with a slope of at least 11 degrees. The roofing material mentioned above is self-adhesive and does not require any special tools. The rubber bitumen layer on the underside of the bitumen shingles binds the material together for a tight and even coating. The roofing material is fastened to the base with cardboard nails so that the nail heads remain under the upper shingles. There are different types of shingles and many different color combinations that should suit even the most demanding customer.
Roofing experience includes:
– Roof renovation (installation of a new roof covering);
– Overhaul of slatted roofs (complete demolition of the roof, construction of new parapets, installation of vapor barrier, insulation materials and roof covering);
– Roof construction of new buildings (timber, concrete, load-bearing profile).


Principal & General Manager
Head of MEP
Sultan Al Khuraissi
Director of Buildings Department
Royal Commission of Jubail, Saudi Arabia
SMART Build 2011
The Big 5 are proud to present SMART Build 2011. The Middle East's largest construction show is providing you with a great opportunity to further develop your network, knowledge and construction business.
SMART Build 2011, a four day conference taking place on 18 - 21 September 2011 at The Address Hotel in Dubai Marina, will provide a building services focused, unique industry-led platform for city planners and designers, policy makers, building services specialists, contractors and sustainable service innovators to share knowledge, expertise and best practices to enable the creation of the cities of the future.
SMART Build 2011 will celebrate the personalities and organisations that are constantly pushing building services forward, seamlessly integrating brilliant new ideas and ways of thinking into delivery of project requirements. It will focus on creating intelligent city building services with optimised energy and resource capabilities.
How can SMART Build 2011 help build the SMART cities of the future?
'Buildings and services can be improved by the creation and adoption of tools and standards that allow projects to be built electronically before they are built physically using Building Information Modeling. SMART Build 2011 is an ideal opportunity for regional and international urban planners, building services specialists and solution providers to make progress with building smart cities of the future.'
Tahir Sharif, President Middle East, Building SMART Alliance
'Building Information Modelling (BIM) is and will become a key factor in present and future successful sustainable builds. Adopting Integrated Project Delivery and using IFC throughout various design software platforms in the construction process has proven time and time again major cost savings and design improvements. SMART Build 2011 is the perfect opportunity for regional and international urban planners, building service specialists and solution providers to make progress with building smart cities of the future.'
Hussain Al Mahmoudi, President, UAE Business Council for Sustainable Development
Who will you meet at SMART Build 2011?
Job title breakdown:
CEOs, Directors and Heads of: Planning, Building Services, Projects, Civil & Structural Engineering, Design, Architecture, MEP, Sustainability, Waste Management, Acoustics, Operations, Maintenance, Utilities, Procurement, Carbon Management, Tariff and Demand, and Infrastructure.
How can you join the SMART Build 2011 think tank?
Join 100+ industry peers, colleagues and potential clients and participate at SMART Build 2011 as a sponsor, speaker or event delegate. To decide on the best format for you to get involved in the region's most innovative and comprehensive building services event; get in touch with one of the SMART Build 2011 team.
Sunday 18 September interactive workshop program
Delegate RegistrationTel: +971 (0)4 438 0366
Fax: +971 (0)4 438 0364
Branding and Business Development:Tel: +971 (0)4 438 0365
Speaking opportunitiesTel: +971 (0)4 438 0355


Key points about this news item New tramway line T7 opens in ParisDescription: Follow @G2Paris_France
A new tramway, line T7, was inaugurated on Saturday 16 November in Paris which connects station Villejuif-Louis Aragon, which is the terminus of metro line 7 in the south of Paris, and Athis-Mons, in the Essonne department of Ile-de-France. It is expected to encourage travel between the southern suburbs and provides an essential service in this area where more than 300,000 people live and work. It also provides an additional link from the city centre to Paris Orly airport.
With a length of 11.2 km with 18 stations, the T7 tramway serves the towns of Villejuif, the Hay-les-Roses, Vitry-sur-Seine, Chevilly-Larue, Thiais, Rungis, Paray Vieille-Poste, Orly, Villeneuve-le-Roi and Athis-Mons, passing from Paris and two other departments, the Val-de-Marne and Essonne. The entire journey from one end to the other takes approximately 30 minutes. The line connects with several existing or planned lines: RER C (at La Fraternnelle), metro line 7, TVM, Orlyval, the future extension of the line 14 to Orly and future lines 15 and 18 of the Grand Paris Express.
Flowing at a rate of one train every 6 minutes during peak hours, then every 4 minutes after its extension to the RER station Juvisy-sur-Orge in 2018, the T7 will carry nearly 30 000 passengers per day.
The commissioning of the T7 tram is accompanied by an improvement to the bus routes in the vicinity, which came into force on Sunday. This plan covers 19 bus lines (including 3 Noctilien lines) with an aim to improve links between the timings of the tram and the buses in the suburbs.
More information about the trams in Paris can be found in our helpful guide.
More Paris News
Time Traveler Tours, Paris


Installing a rain chain is quite simple if you have the proper knowledge. If your roof hasn’t a downspout and gutter then installation of a rain chain is a little bit headache, but still, you can install it. After reading this page you will be able to install rain chain without a downspout or rain gutter. Is it possible? Yes, Stay tuned with us and follow the following step to beautify your house with a great-looking rain chain.
You can welcome rain every day if you replace rain chains with downspouts. It sounds unpleasant that how a rain chain will drain heavy rainwater? You are right but still, there are some top-rated brands that can handle heavy rain. Also, it has some positive results. Rain chain pours rainwater with a pleasant sound. If your building surrounds by a rain chain, it means you are the owner of an attractive house.
Install a Rain Chain Without a Downspout
Let’s know the process of installing a rain chain .You can install the whole set up by following these steps
The most important is to find a proper location while haven’t downspout. You need to check all sides of the building roof. You will find such a location where you will notice a heavy stream of the waterfall.
Now it is time to make a hole within the bottom of the bucket. This hole must be wide enough to hang the ‘S’ hook. You can use different tools for making holes according to the material of the bucket. Keep in mind this hole will handle all rainwater into the whole rain chain. If you can’t make a proper hole maybe you will facing spelling.
Next to screw an eye hook (you can choose a design) with a soffit. If then the distance between the roof edge and eye hook is about 01 inch. Your bucket will catch all pouring water from the roof. If you can’t this at right place maybe your all installation will be wrong.
Now remove the bucket handle. You need to hang this handle within the ‘S’ hook. In this way, you will succeed in keeping the foundation for the rain chain. You can now complete the whole process within a few minutes.
Attach all the cups (no matter what the design is) to each other. You can attach all of them with its attaching tool (mostly rings). Make sure of its strength because later on, It will receive a heavy stream of rainwater.
Check the water downpour well. Check whether a top bucket and relevant structure will collect rainwater effectively or not. If not, then set its location to the falling rainwater.
This is a last but not least step. After ensuring rain chain location. Put the lower end of it in the ground to protect it from weeding out, place some stones or gravel on its lower end. As a result, your rain chain is ready for the next rain.
Install a Rain Chain Without Gutter
If you want to install a rain chain (without gutter). As you know certain roofs are designed gutterless. Still, you can install rain chains effectively. In this case our choice of rain chain matters. You must choose a rain chain with wide buckets.
In this way, it will catch each drop of water from the roof, perfect for heavy rain. You won’t observe any drainage in walls. If you install a rain chain in the lowest location of the roof. Anyhow you need to inspect the whole roof carefully. After this inspection, you will be able to select a location for a gutterless rain chain.
Keep the focus on the following installation steps. We hope you will be able to install a gutterless rain chain without someone’s help.
In this first step, you need to climb on the roof. Check the roof level well. As you know a roof with a gutter doesn’t need an inspection because gutters collect water effectively. There we are concerned with gutterless rain chains that’s why we need proper inspection (corner region spouts more water as compared to other locations).
Then measure the length between roof and ground. You must use a measuring tape for this purpose. In this way, you would be able to purchase a rain chain of considerable length.
Now, you can hang a rain chain bucket with the tariff. If you haven’t drilled a hole create a hole for the rain chain hook. This will be the location where most of the roof water spells.
The choice of rain chain buckets must have a wide opening. Why do you need a wide bucket for a gutterless rain chain? Because It will collect all the water from the roof. A bucket with a wide opening will keep the walls of the building safe from a rain shower.
It is time to drill a hole (if not ) in the bottom of the bucket. You can make it with any tool but a masonry drill is best. This whole must be of appropriate width. If this allows rain chain entrance to the bucket. It means it is appropriate for the rain chain.
Now you need to connect rain chain with one another and with tariff. If your setup is strong you won’t face any trouble for several years. You need to follow the relevant instructions that are given with it. There are countless designs of rain chain. So, install it that deserve it.
At last give strength to the rain chain bottom. In this way, you will protect it from strong winds. You need to put pebble/gravel for protection. If you skip this step you can face troubles later that’s why to ensure rain chain safety.
In order to summarize our discussion, I would like to say that rain chains are the best option. It will create a romantic environment in your apartment if you install it properly. The installation process matters much more than its quality. You must choose such a quality that is corrosion resistant.


Cast iron right angles are widely used in various industries as a vertical reference for inspection purposes of components and for checking squareness. Cast iron right angles has bottom and the adjacent square face finished flat and square to each other as well as the two adjacent narrow sides finished flat and square to other two faces and are parallel to each other. Cast iron right angles are made using finest quality closed grain cast iron, confirming to Grade FG-220 and as per IS 210:1993 standards. We supply these right angles with computerised calibration certificate, which is traceable to NPL, New Delhi.
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The construction sector is a vast sector that takes advantage of the skills and experience of a large number of professionals. It also requires great attention in order to avoid issues like the cracking of walls, damping of the walls, non-functioning drainage systems, and a lack of attention to the general safety among many other issues. The purpose of this article is to carefully explore some professionals needed in the construction of a building, the roles they need to play and the responsibilities they have to undertake to avoid defects and other problems. A geotechnical engineer is a one who focuses on the performance of the soil and the rocks. This includes the condition of the sub surface and finding out if there are any chemical or other properties that can affect the construction of the building. These investigations are quite important as it is necessary to gain an understanding of the area before construction. These investigations check the risk level against humans, animals and the chances of natural disasters like earthquakes and landslides. One of the most important professions in this industry; quantity surveyors are specialists who estimate the cost of the construction process.
They work in various aspects of construction such as the construction of buildings and even mining and figure out things like the cost of designing to the final cost of the entire projects and work out details like the depreciation schedule. Visit this link https://wrcqs.com.au/gold-coast/ to find out more reviews regarding depreciation schedule.
Land surveyors are authorized by the government and are licensed to regulate land boundaries and consider aspects like elevations, distance, the shape of the real estate property and other similar factors.
Architects are professionals who help with the designing of the building, develop ideas for the building and turn those ideas in to actual plans. It is essential that an architect draws a plan of the building before construction begins as that can have disastrous consequences due to the fact that the project would not have an established direction. They are involved with not only how the building looks, but they also have to ensure that the building is safe and ticks all the requirements that is expected by considering factors like how many people are to use the building and what type of activities are to be done. Safety plans such as fire exits need to be thought of too.
Structural engineers are also required for the purpose of doing calculations on the strength, force and take measures to avoid things like unexpected collapses. They need to work closely with architects and modify the design in a manner that is safe.


Epoxy floor is a surface of the floor composed of several layers of the epoxy material that covers the floor to a depth of about 2 millimetres. There is also epoxy floor coating that has a depth of less than the 2 millimetres that coats a floor that is already there. Hardeners and resins are the major components of epoxy material that is used in epoxy flooring. These materials are mixed together and undergoes a chemical reaction that produces a plastic material that is rigid, strong, resistant to any form of degradation and also form strong bonds with its substrates. Epoxy floor can be used in residential building, commercial building and industrial environments because of its strength.
When one is building, one can consider one out of the various types of epoxy floors to use. These types include self-dispersing, self-dispersing containing quartz sand, self-levelling, mortar floors, gravelled floors, terrazzo floors, antistatic floors, and flaked floors. Epoxy floors highly suited where there is heavy use and high traffic are the self-dispersing floors, self-dispersing floors containing quartz sand are good in anti-slip while the self-levelling floors are suitable for homes since they can be cleaned and maintained easily. There is the also floor that is strongest and can be used to cover cracks before laying another epoxy floor which is the mortar floor, both gravelled and terrazzo floors are decorative in nature although terrazzo is highly suited for large spaces. Areas that are very sensitive to static forces can be applied with the antistatic floors to keep off the forces while flaked floors can be used to prevent slipping since they have a rough surfaces and have chips or the flakes that decorate the floor.
A person who uses epoxy floor in their either residential, commercial or industrial building can enjoy several benefit. Epoxy floors are very durable and can last a long time hence saving on cost of doing regular repairs and also time used for the repairs. Epoxy floors are very strong and resistant to any damages even from chemical substances that may spill on the floor. Epoxy floors are less porous making it very easy to clean and maintain them. The epoxy floors enhance safety of people present and even the building itself in reducing chances of slipping, extreme impact, temperature and even fire. The availability of these epoxy floors in various patterns and colours enables a person to select the most suitable one for use in their house. When epoxy floor is used, the underlying concrete is usually protected from damaging substances such as moisture, grease, stains as well as cracks.


When you consider household roof, you most likely rouse photos of conventional asphalt roof coverings, the most usual assortment in North The united state today. Yet, relying on where you live, this might not hold true. Definitely, along with asphalt, there are a large assortment of kinds of household roof covering consisting of wood shakes, steel, ceramic tile, slate, and fiberglass. Each property owner will certainly have a personalized inclination, however likewise each sort of roofing system has unique benefits and drawbacks.
Asphalt tile roofings are well matched to all designs of house, and since they are low-cost however tough, they are a prominent option for property owners. In addition, asphalt roof shingles are offered in a broad assortment of colors and kinds so you make certain to discover something that fits your individual design. Asphalt roof coverings are fairly conveniently and inexpensively fixed, and they supply superb resistance to fire. However, as compared to traditional roof covering kinds, asphalt assortments often have even more issues with mildew and mold and moss, and they are not the most environmentally friendly choice readily available.
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Steel roofing systems are offered in a vast selection of designs and shades so they could match any sort of kind of residential. These roofing have a remarkably lengthy life expectancy and call for little upkeep. Steel roofing systems carry out well in higher wind, hailstorm, and rainfall, and they’re ecologically accountable. Regrettably, steel roofing could be costly and challenging to put up.
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The Application of the slag powder grinded by stone grinding
Author: admin Date: 2012-10-30 10:18
Slag powder is a new type of the inorganic mineral mixing materials with high strength, belongs to the building materials of high-tech products. The raw materails is from blast furnace slag in the metallurgical industry. The Salg powder after grinded by stone grinding mill, which can replace the cement, as to reduce concrete costs, and make full use of blast furnace slag, saving a lot of valuable renewable resources for a country, which is the new green environmentally friendly products.
The slag powder can significantly improve the overall performance of concrete and cement products. Durind the cement industry the slag powder is usually blended with cement and commercial concrete. And the mixing model are admixtures form, admixtures form, main-doped forms. When customers select the stone grinding mill, they usually focuse on the quality and capacity of the stone grinding mill. And final production quality level of not only affects the competitiveness of the cement companies, but also directly related to the economic benefits of the cement plant and the lifeblood of business.
Shanghai Clirik Machinery Company sieve the above two points, devote to the slag powder in the cement industry. after multiple innovation, test and experence, finally manufacture the micro powder grinding mill. Which is the ideal stone grinding mill for process slag.
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PV-ezRack® SolarTerrace V™
PV-ezRack SolarTerrace V is developed for utility scale PV-deployments with panels in landscape orientation. The system offers a wide range of adjustability, easy deployment and enables the implementation of large arrays. STV is a simple and robust structure so it can be installed even with untrained labour forces. All these features result in fast, easy and cost efficient installation. Main aluminium components have a standard 10μm anodisation.
The Clenergy PV-ezRack® SolarRoof™ is designed for residential and commercial tile roof applications.
- Withstands wind speeds up to 88 metres per second
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The smart design of the Post head provides adjustments in all directions to balance out inaccuracies which often occur through the nature of the ramming process. These generous adjustments allow easier and quicker installation.
The connection between the main beams (Clipped T-rail 160) and the Post head is using special, spring supported rail clamps which easily slide and clip on to the bottom of the rail eliminating the often used and time consuming nut and bolt connection.
Utility optimised large arrays
STV is designed for utility scale applications and therefore offers large arrays, huge horizontal spans combined with up to 6 landscape panels (72 cells) in one row. Furthermore the design allows the panel rows to be pre-assembled to the rails off-site in controlled environment. All this saves valuable installation time on-site and increases efficiency during installation.
Sometimes bill of materials can be confusing and complicated. Not with Clenergy, on a basic BOM for STV you will only find 8 components. Keeping it simple and transparent helps all parties to understand and work with the product better.


Safer and more economical slender structures
Submitting InstitutionOxford Brookes University
Unit of AssessmentGeneral Engineering
Summary Impact TypeTechnological
Research Subject Area(s)
Engineering: Biomedical Engineering, Civil Engineering
Summary of the impact
Research, led by Oxford Brookes University's Dr Mike Godley and Dr Rob
Beale, into the design and analysis of scaffold structures has enabled a
better understanding of their behaviour, higher standards of safety and
improved design. The Group produced technical guidance to the HSE and
authored the design guide TG20:08 (2008); the basis for scaffold design in
the UK. The Group contributed to new Euronorms for scaffolding and the UK
design guide is compatible with these. Furthermore, the Group informed a
pan- European design guide for storage racking systems (2000) that later
transformed with little modification into EN 15512 (2009). This is now the
basis for the design of all such storage racks across Europe.
Scaffold and storage rack structures are slender structures with semi
rigid joints and splices and both exhibit looseness. Additionally, rack
structures are sensitive to local buckling1. The Group was
amongst the first to demonstrate that traditional methods of design for
access scaffolds, that assumed lift-height effective lengths, could
produce unsafe scaffold structures. Such methods erroneously assumed that
horizontal members (ledgers) acted as ties restraining deflections
parallel to the facade2. The true behaviour is that the
restraint is only partial. Scaffold structures also require ties to the
facade to give them their structural integrity. The Group demonstrated
that the buckling behaviour of scaffolds is dependent on the pattern of
such ties in addition to the degree of horizontal restraint provided by
the ledgers. These results were confirmed by tests of full size scaffolds
For both scaffolding and storage racking systems the structural behaviour
of the connection between beam and column has a crucial effect of
performance3. Currently available software allows only a
simplified linear model of the connection to be used, but work by
Pabrakhan4 demonstrated ways of successfully introducing
non-linear characteristics into the structural joint models.
The configuration of access scaffolds is much less regular than that of
storage structures, and was lightly regulated during the early days of the
research. There was concern that safety levels might be compromised and
premature failures might occur due to common errors in construction. With
the support of the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) site surveys were
made and some indication of the types of construction errors that occurred
and their frequency was obtained. Reliability analyses of typical scaffold
constructions were made to determine failure risks. It was discovered that
these faults are usually caused by poor site supervision and practice and
in 1997 HSE inspectors were issued with guidelines to ensure safer work.
A major shortcoming of scaffold design is the lack of a thorough
investigation into the effects of wind. To rectify this, Irtaza5
carried out extensive experimental work on wind tunnel models and a
parallel computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study, to successfully
identify the wind loads applied to scaffolds with and without sheeting and
netting. He calibrated the CFD model against full scale tests made at
Silsoe and derived pressure coefficients for scaffolds erected around a
cubical building. A large data set derived from experimental work on
models in a wind tunnel was deposited in the British Library for use by
Both scaffolds and storage racks have relatively short lives and there is
therefore a reluctance to invest heavily in permanent column foundations.
Temporary lightweight foundations are susceptible to failure due to the
effects of lack of fixity, imperfections and column flexure. This problem
was initially investigated by Feng1who designed a simple model
of a base-plate which peeled off the substrate as column bending
increased. Further work by Lau9 demonstrated the consequences
of column flexure on flat ended column bases experimentally, confirming
his theoretical predictions. The research is being extended into the
reliability of scaffold stuctures6.
References to the research
1. Godley M H R, Beale R G and Feng X, 2000. "Analysis and Design of
down-aisle pallet rack structures", Computers and Structures, Vol. 77, No.
4, 391-401. doi:10.1016/S0045-7949
This paper presented the results of doctoral research by Ms Feng under the
supervision of Dr Godley and Dr Beale into a single column non-linear
model of pallet rack structures including imperfections which was shown to
give results that were within 4% of full three-dimensional analyses. The
model formed the basis of the state-of-the-art commercial program
Palletsoft which designed storage structures to FEM10.2.02, 2000 and which
had international sales. The program was able to design racks in
significantly less time than the use of standard finite element programs
enabling efficient and economical designs to be produced
Submitted to RAE2001, Oxford Brookes University, UoA33-Built
Environment, RA2, MHR Godley, Output 4.
2. Godley M H R and Beale R G, 2001. "Analysis of large proprietary
access scaffold structures", Proc. Inst. Civil Eng. Structures and
Buildings, Vol. 146; Part 1, 31-40. doi:10.680/stub.2001.146.1131
This paper presents bi-linear models of the non-linear elasto-plastic
behaviour of scaffold connections and shows that the different
moment-rotation curves for clockwise and anticlockwise rotation need to be
considered in analyses. Finally it presents new two-dimensional models
which accurately model the interconnection between elements in a full
three-dimensional scaffold structure.
3. Ng A L Y, Beale R G and Godley M H R, 2009. "Methods of restraining
progressive collapse in rack structures", Engineering Structures, Vol. 31,
No. 7, 1460-1468. doi:10.1016/engstruct.2009.02.029
This paper presents the results of doctoral research by Ms Ng under the
supervision of Dr Godley and Dr Beale into the dynamic collapse of pallet
racks under impact conditions. The research demonstrated an economical way
of increasing the resistance of a rack to impacts by the insertion of
4. Prabhakaran, U, Beale R G and Godley M H R G, 2011. "Analysis of
scaffolds with connections containing looseness", Computers and
Structures, Vol. 89, No 21-22, 1944-1955.
Continuing the research into scaffolds the effects of looseness which is
prevalent in all scaffold connections was investigated by Miss Prabhakaran
under the supervision of Dr Godley and Dr Beale. The resulting new models
developed in this paper have shown that the traditional way of dealing
with looseness by applying an equivalent side load can lead to incorrect
Submitted to REF2014, Oxford Brookes University, UoA15-General
Engineering, REF2, RG Beale, Output identifier 8533.
5. Irtaza, H, Beale R G and Godley M H R, 2012, "A wind tunnel
investigation into the pressure distribution around sheet-clad scaffolds",
Journal of Wind Engineering & Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 103,
The research into scaffolding was continued by Irtaza as part of a
doctoral programme supervised by Dr Beale and Dr Godley. The paper extends
the previous research which was primarily structural analysis into the
determination of wind loads applied to access scaffolds. The study
included a consideration of the porosity of the sheeting around the
Submitted to REF2014, Oxford Brookes University, UoA15-General
Engineering, REF2, MHR Godley, Output identifier 9123.
6. Andre, J, Beale R G and Baptista A M, 2013,"Recent advances and
existing challenges in the design of bridge falsework systems", Civil
Engineering and Environmental Systems, Vol. 30, Issue 2, 130-145.
The slender structures group have obtained funding from the Portuguese
Research Council (FCT) for a doctoral student, Mr Andre, to investigate
failures of bridge scaffold structures to extend the work into devising
procedures for improving the safety of the structures. This paper
represents the preliminary results of the research.
Details of the impact
Research into the design and analysis of scaffold structures has enabled
a better understanding of their behaviour, higher standards of safety and
in improved design. The design guides TG20.05 and its revision TG20.087,8
are extensively used throughout the UK and, together with the suggested
revisions to testing procedures for scaffold connections, will enable
proprietary scaffold systems to also be erected safely so that the number
of scaffold collapses within the country will be reduced. As a consequence
of the authors' involvement in the development of the Euronorms for access
scaffolding, they are compatible with the Euronorms. Recently the group
has attracted funding from the Portuguese government to extend the
research into the reliability of bridge scaffolds, several of which have
collapsed in the last few years in Portugal causing fatalities. The
results of this research have been presented at conferences and in journal
Although the research has been primarily applied to UK scaffolds it has
also been referenced and used by scaffold designers in developing
countries where Dr Beale through his research expertise has given seminars
to Structural Engineers9 on causes of scaffold collapses and
the improvements required for safe design (Hong Kong,2003 and 2008 and
The earlier research for the HSE has led to scaffold contractors and
users being made aware of the importance of tying and bracing on the
behaviour of the systems and to the HSE Inspectors being given a set of
strict guidelines to enforce when inspecting scaffolds. Test results on
scaffold connections were used to help draw up the models used in
producing the design guides referred above. The implication of looseness
on scaffold designs has yet to make an impact but the work was only
published in 2011 with recommendations for changes to the European
The testing procedures developed for rack structure10,11,12
were used in developing the procedures for testing scaffold structures and
as part of its consultancy programme the University has tested nearly
every scaffold manufacturer/distributor in the UK to enable the
manufacturers and designers to correctly determine their products'
performances (income generated in excess of £400,000 over 15 years).
During the period in question about 200 reports on structural testing of
scaffolds and racking system components were completed.
Research-led consultancy work for Interserve UK13 resulted in
new design tables for `Kwickstage' scaffold structures being produced.
These tables were immediately used by competitors supplying look-alikes
although the university established that the alternative manufacturers'
products could be 10% less safe13. Following this consultancy
the group, with Interserve, developed a new economical scaffold structure
(K2 system) requiring 20% less components and steel and being erectable in
less than 50% of the time of its competitors.
The profits from the consultancy enabled several PhD students to be
funded, many from developing countries. Some of these students have since
gone on to become University lecturers in Malaysia 9(2),
Jordan14 (2) and India where they are using the knowledge
gained in their research and disseminating it there. Other ex-PhD students
have become leading designers and engineers working in the UK and the US.
The extensive research into pallet rack properties has led to the
Euronorm BS EN1551215 being accepted. It requires racking
manufacturers to take into account second order elastic effects in the
stability of the racks so as to produce safer and more economic racks.
Small reductions in the amount of material used in modern designs
(typically from the new procedures) of around 15% can make a rack fully
competitive in international marketplaces as material costs are around 85%
of the total cost of an installed rack. Although there are only a limited
number of UK pallet rack manufacturers the University has commercially
tested the products of most of them. In addition a state-of-the-art
computer program `Palletsoft' written by the group and marketed by the
University had international sales and is used in Australia and the UK to
produce safe, economical designs efficiently and quickly.
The looseness effects on cross-aisle stability of pallet racks have been
reported to the industry where they have caused some manufacturers to
amend their procedures. Latest research has led to a very cost effective
way of reducing the number of rack collapses under impact by fork lift
trucks which is to insert additional plan bracing at the first level of
Insights from the research of Dr Godley and Dr Beale, at Oxford Brookes
University, to better understand the analysis and design of slender
structures has not only informed design guides and safety policy but also
influenced construction standards in the UK and Europe with improved
practice and safety measures for construction workers
Sources to corroborate the impact
- Corroborating contact 1. Managing Director, The National Access
- NASC TG20:08 :Technical Guidance on the use of BS EN 12811-1, 2008
- Corroborating contact 2. Head of Department of Civil Engineering,
Curtin University, Sarawak Malaysia.
- FEM 10.2.02, The Design of static Steel Pallet Racking, Section X of
the Equipment et Proceeds de Stockage` ,2000(design code).
- Corroborating contact 3. Engineer, Harsco Infrastructure Ltd ,
(scaffolding and pallet rack structures).
- Corroborating contact 4. Secretary General, FEM Racking and Shelving
product Group (European Racking Federation).
- Corroborating contact 5. Chief Engineer, Interserve Construction
Limited (scaffold structures).
- Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering and Technology, University of Jordan (Contact details
available from Oxford Brookes University Research & Business
Development Office upon request)
- BS EN 15512 `Steel static storage systems — adjustable pallet racking
systems — Principles for structural design', 2009.(Euronorm)