The Natural State has felt its fair share of earthquakes. In 1811-1812 a series of powerful earthquakes measuring over magnitude 7.5 rattled the residents of northeast Arkansas. Cabins collapsed, people were frightened, and the land surface was severely changed by liquefaction. These earthquakes happened in the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ), an active fault system that extends from Cairo, Illinois to Marked Tree, Arkansas. The earthquake zone has been active for hundreds of years. What if another series of major earthquakes were to strike this region again? Would your business or family be prepared?
The Arkansas Geological Survey generates seismicity maps based on data provided by the Center for Earthquake Research and Information (CERI) at the University of Memphis, the Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at Saint Louis University, the United States Geological Survey, and the Arkansas Center for Earthquake Education and Technology Transfer at the University of Arkansas in Little Rock.
Arkansas Seismicity Map (6.08 MB). This map illustrates the location and magnitude of reported earthquakes that have occurred in Arkansas from 1699 to 2019.
Center for Earthquake Research and Information (CERI) recent earthquake map of central and eastern U.S.View details »
Up-to-date USGS Map for all earthquakes in AR for the past 7 daysView details »
Search the USGS Earthquake CatalogView details »
Arkansas Earthquake Archive 1699 - 2021
This earthquake archive list was made from a selection of seismic events that have occurred from 1699 to present in Arkansas. The seismic data have been cited from publications of the Center for Earthquake Research and Information (CERI) at the University of Memphis, the Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at Saint Louis University, the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the Eastern Section of the Seismological Society of America and the University of Arkansas at Little Rock. We extend our appreciation to John David McFarland (Arkansas Geological Survey) for compiling the original earthquake database.Arkansas Earthquake Archive 1699 - 2021
Earthquakes In Arkansas
Numerous earthquakes occur every year throughout the State of Arkansas, but most go unnoticed. Earthquakes that are felt can be startling, and serve as good reminders that Arkansas is located near one of the most hazardous earthquake zones in the country. Earthquakes have been historically documented in Arkansas, as far back as 1699, by missionaries traveling down the Mississippi River near Helena (Phillips County), Arkansas. Although, it is uncommon for major earthquakes to occur far away from active tectonic boundaries, earthquakes associated with the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ), an active earthquake zone extending from Cairo, Illinois, into Marked Tree (Poinsett County), Arkansas, have been some of the largest earthquakes to ever strike North America.
What Causes An Earthquake?
Earthquakes are caused by movement along geologic faults, or fractures in the Earth's crust. When a fault moves, energy is released and transfers through the earth causing the shaking that is experienced during an earthquake. Arkansas has hundreds, if not thousands of faults. Most of these faults are considered inactive. However, faults associated with the New Madrid seismic zone are active, and deeply buried beneath many layers of unconsolidated sediment and sedimentary rock, making them almost impossible to identify on the Earth's surface. These faults exist within a failed rift zone, known as the Reelfoot Rift, which developed in the Earth's crust over 600 million years ago.
Types Of Faults
Strike Slip Fault
If the movement of a fault is predominately horizontal, the fault is considered a strike-slip fault. The San Andreas Fault zone is one of the most famous examples of a strike-slip fault in the United States.
Dip Slip Faults
If the movement along a fault is predominately vertical, the fault is considered to be a dip-slip fault, or in other words the displacement occurs along the dip plane of the fault. There are two main types of dip-slip faults; Normal faults and Reverse. In order to determine the differences between dip-slip faults it's important to understand the terms hanging wall and footwall.
Normal faults occur when the foot wall is displaced upward with respect to the hanging wall.
Reverse faults occur when the hanging wall is displaced upward with respect to the footwall.
Where Do Earthquakes Occur?
Most earthquakes occur at plate boundaries. Earthquakes associated with faults on plate boundaries are called interplate earthquakes. About 5% of earthquakes are intraplate earthquakes and occur in the center of a tectonic plate.
There are two scales in common use that give some measure of the size of an earthquake. These scales are quite commonly confused but measure very different parameters of the seismic event. The first scale, and the one most commonly heard on the news, is a magnitude scale. The magnitude scale was first developed in the 1930’s and is an objective instrumental measurement. It is based on the amplitude and amount of displacement of an instrument record trace calibrated and corrected with known distance, magnification and instrument factors. The magnitude scale is a logarithmic scale, meaning that each unit of increase (1, 2, 3…) of the scale value indicates a ten-fold increase in the value being measured.
Therefore, if a magnitude 3 earthquake shows a record trace displacement of 1mm, then a magnitude 4 earthquake will show a trace displacement of 10mm. Each increase in magnitude corresponds with about 33 times more released energy. For example a magnitude 1 earthquake is equal to 56 kilograms of explosive energy. A magnitude 2 earthquake is then equal to 1,800 kilograms of explosive energy (approximately 56 times 33). A magnitude 7 earthquake releases 56,000,000,000 kilograms of explosive energy compared to a magnitude 8 earthquake which releases 33 times more energy. That’s approximately 1,800,000,000,000 kilograms of energy! As one can see, the amount of energy released in an earthquake drastically increases the higher the magnitude of the earthquake.
The other scale often used to indicate earthquake size is the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale. Intensity is a qualitative measure of the strength of ground shaking at a particular site. It is a subjective scale relying on the observations of people trained to relate the earthquake effects to a numeric scale from I-X+ (Roman numerals are used to distinguish this as an empirical scale). Because this is an observational scale, the intensity will decrease as a function of the distance from the epicenter. Most people (but not all) in an area experiencing Intensity III effects will just feel the earthquake shock. Intensity VII areas are indicated when damage is slight to moderate. Some people may have found it difficult to stand during the quake; chimneys, windows and plaster walls will be cracked; furniture may have overturned. Although damage may be moderate in an area of Intensity VII, it will be mostly architectural damage—i.e. it will look bad but almost all damage will be superficial. Beyond Intensity VII we start seeing structural damage and some collapse buildings. At first only poorly designed structures are destroyed, but as the Intensity level reaches X damage increases significantly.
The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale
|MMI Value||Perceived Shaking||Potential Damage||Full Description|
|I.||Not Felt||None||Not Felt|
|II.||Weak||None||Felt by persons at rest, on upper floors, or favorably placed.|
|III.||Weak||None||Felt indoors. Hanging objects swing. Vibration like passing of light trucks. May not be recognized as an earthquake.|
|IV.||Light||None||Hanging objects swing. Vibration like passing of heavy trucks; or sensations of a jolt like a heavy ball striking the walls. Standing motor cars rock. Windows, dishes, doors rattle. Glasses clink. Crockery clashes. In the upper range of IV, wooden walls and frame creak.|
|V.||Moderate||Very Light||Felt outdoors; direction estimated. Sleepers wakened. Liquids disturbed, some spilled. Small unstable objects displaced or upset. Doors swing, close, open. Shutters, pictures move. Pendulum clocks stop, start, change rate.|
|VI.||Srong||Light||Felt by all. Many frightened and run outdoors. Persons walk unsteadily. Windows, dishes, glassware broken. Knickknacks, books, etc., off shelves. Pictures off walls. Furniture moved or overturned. Weak plaster and masonry cracked. Trees, bushes shaken (visibly, or heard to rustle).|
|VII.||Very Strong||Moderate||Difficult to stand. Noticed by drivers of motors cars. Furniture broken. Damage to masonry, including cracks. Weak chimneys broken at roof line. Fall of plaster, loose bricks, stones, tiles, cornices (also unbraced parapets and architectural ornaments). Waves on pond water, turned with mud. Small slides and caving in along sand or gravel banks. Large bells ring. Concrete irrigation ditches damaged.|
|VIII.||Severe||Moderate/Heavy||Steering of motor cars affected. Damage to masonry. Twisting, fall of chimneys, factory stacks, monuments, towers, elevated tanks. Frame houses moved on foundations if not bolted down. Branches broken from trees. Changes in flow or temperature of springs and wells. Cracks in wet ground and on steep slopes.|
|IX.||Violent||Violent/Heavy||Some Masonry destroyed, heavily damaged or completely collapsed. General damage to foundations. Frame structures, if not bolted, shifted off foundations. Frames racked. Serious damage to reservoirs. Underground pipes broken. Conspicuous cracks in ground. In alluvial areas sand and mud ejected, earthquake fountains, sand craters.|
|X.||Extreme||Very Heavy||Most masonry and frame structures destroyed with their foundations. Some well-built wooden structures and bridges destroyed. Serious damage to dams, dikes, embankments. Large landslides. Water thrown on banks of canals, rivers, lakes, etc. Sand and mud shifted horizontally on beaches and flat land. Rails bent slightly.|
In general earthquakes smaller than magnitude 2.5 will not be felt in most situations, they are simply too small and will certainly do no damage. Earthquakes between magnitude 2.5 and 5 will be increasingly felt but generally do little damage. When earthquakes scale to over magnitude 5 their effects become highly significant. Earthquakes of magnitude 5 to 6 will almost always cause some damage, but most of it will be architectural rather than structural. An earthquake of magnitude 6 can cause significant architectural damage and some structural damage and collapse of poorly-built structures. The area of damage will tend to be roughly bulls-eye shaped, with the greatest damage in the immediate epicentral area and lessening damage radially away from that area. This general pattern will be distorted more or less by variations in the nature of the bedrock and topography of the region in relation to the source of the earthquake and the exact manner in which it releases its energy. An earthquake of magnitude 7 will cause near total devastation in the epicentral area and cause structural damage and collapse of poorly-built structures over a much larger area (remember, this earthquake is 30 times more powerful than a magnitude 6 event). The great earthquakes, those over magnitude 8, will destroy most of the infrastructure in a very large area, several 10s of miles in diameter, and can cause structural damage and collapse of poorly-built structures as much as 100 miles away. Great earthquakes can still be felt many hundreds of miles away.
Two main types of seismic waves are generated in an earthquake.
Body waves are seismic waves that travel through the interior, or the body, of the earth. There are two main types of body waves; primary waves and secondary waves. Primary waves, or P waves, are compressional waves and travel faster than Secondary, or S waves. As a result, P waves are first to be detected by a seismic station after an earthquake has occurred, thus “primary”. Secondary waves, or S waves, travel in a side-to-side motion and move through the rock perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling. S waves travel slower than P waves are recorded by seismic stations after the P wave arrival.
Illustration courtesy of the USGS
Surface waves travel through the very outer layers of the earth’s crust and arrive at a seismic station after the P and S waves. Two main types of surfaces waves are Raleigh and Love waves. Raleigh waves travel in a circular or rolling motion through the earth’s crust, similar to that of an ocean wave on the water. Love Waves are a type of surface wave that travels in a horizontal, side-to-side motion through the outer layer of the earth’s crust.
Determining An Earthquake Epicenter
The amount of time that passes between the arrival of the Primary wave and the Secondary wave allows seismologists to determine the distance from the seismic station to the earthquake epicenter. When a seismic station records a P wave arrival, the longer it takes for the S wave to arrive, the farther away the earthquake epicenter.
New Madrid Seismic Zone
On December 16, 1811 residents living in the region near New Madrid, Missouri were jolted awake at 2:15 AM by a major earthquake. Cabins collapsed, people were frightened, and the land surface was severely changed by liquefaction. The shaking was felt as far away as New England and Canada. Scientists estimate that this event measured over a M7.0 (Johnston and Schweig, 1996). This marked the first of a series of powerful earthquakes that spanned a three-month period. Hundreds of aftershocks were reported for over a year.
Since that time, at least 20 damaging earthquakes have occurred in the NMSZ (Nuttli, 1982). An estimated M6.0 earthquake was reported near the town of Marked Tree, Arkansas on January 4, 1843. This earthquake caused the land to subside forming new lakes and did damage to chimneys and brick structures (Jackson, 1979). A M5.0 earthquake was recorded on March 24, 1976 in Poinsett County. This earthquake was felt over an area of 174, 000 sq. miles (280,000 sq. kilometers) bounded by Centralia, Illinois; Hopkinsville, Kentucky; Nashville and Clifton, Tennessee; Birmingham, Alabama; Little Rock, Arkansas; and Jefferson City, Missouri. In Arkansas, multiple cities reported an Intensity VI. Power outages, downed telephone lines in Jonesboro, broken windows in Paragould, cracked plaster in Marked Tree, roof damage and fallen ceiling tile as far away as Decatur, Arkansas (Jackson, 1979).
The most recent events to rattle the residents of northeast Arkansas were felt near the towns of Caraway and Manila, Arkansas in Poinsett County in 2005. Both of these earthquakes registered a M4.1 with an Intensity V. Although significant damage has not been reported in recent years, the NMSZ is still considered active and is potentially capable of generating powerful earthquakes.
The following is an excerpt from “The New Madrid Earthquake” by Myron Fuller:
“The evening of December 15, 1811, the New Madrid area was clear and quiet, with no unusual conditions which could be regarded as portending the catastrophe soon to take place. A little after 2 o’clock in the morning of December 16, the inhabitants of the region were suddenly awakened by the groaning, creaking, and cracking of the timbers of the houses and cabins in which they were sleeping, by the rattle of furniture thrown down, and by the crash of falling chimneys. In fear and trembling they hurriedly groped their way from their houses to escape the falling debris, and remained shivering in the winter air until morning, the repeated shocks at intervals during the night keeping them from returning to their weakened of tottering dwellings. Daylight brought little improvement to their situation, for early in the morning another shock, preceded by a low rumbling and fully as severe as the first, was experienced. The ground rose and fell as earth waves, like a long, low swell of the sea, passes across its surface, tilting the trees until their branches interlocked and opened the soil in deep cracks as the surface was bent. Landslides swept down the steeper bluffs and hillsides: considerable areas were uplifted, and still larger areas sunk and became covered with water emerging from below through fissures or little “craterlets” or accumulating from the obstruction of the surface drainage. On the Mississippi great waves were created, which overwhelmed many boats and washed others high on the shore, the return current breaking off thousands of trees and carrying them out into the river. High banks caved and were precipitated into the river, sand bars and points of islands gave way, and whole islands disappeared."
This map depicts the locations and magnitudes of selected seismic events in New Madrid seismic zone of Northeast Arkansas. On December 16, 1811 residents living in the region near New Madrid, Missouri were jolted awake at 2:15 AM by a major earthquake. The shaking was felt as far away as New England and Canada. Scientists estimate that this event measured over a M7.0 (Johnston and Schweig, 1996). This marked the first of a series of powerful earthquakes that spanned a three-month period. Hundreds of aftershocks were reported for over a year.
Since that time, at least 20 damaging earthquakes have occurred in the NMSZ (Nuttli, 1982). An estimated M6.0 earthquake was reported near the town of Marked Tree, Arkansas on January 4, 1843. This earthquake caused the land to subside forming new lakes and did damage to chimneys and brick structures (Jackson, 1979). A M5.0 earthquake was recorded on March 24, 1976 in Poinsett County. This earthquake was felt over an area of 174, 000 sq. miles (280,000 sq. kilometers) bounded by Centralia, Illinois; Hopkinsville, Kentucky; Nashville and Clifton, Tennessee; Birmingham, Alabama; Little Rock, Arkansas; and Jefferson City, Missouri. In Arkansas, multiple cities reported an Intensity VI. Power outages, downed telephone lines in Jonesboro, broken windows in Paragould, cracked plaster in Marked Tree, roof damage and fallen ceiling tile occurred as far away as Decatur, Arkansas (Jackson, 1979).
Other recent events in northeast Arkansas were felt near the towns of Caraway and Manila, Arkansas in Poinsett County in 2005. Both earthquakes registered a M4.1 with an Intensity V. Although significant damage has not been reported in recent years, the NMSZ is still considered active and is potentially capable of generating powerful earthquakes.
The Enola Swarm Area
The Enola swarm was initiated by a magnitude 1.2 earthquake recorded on January 12, 1982 near the town of Enola in Faulkner County, Arkansas. Since then, over 40,000 seismic events have been recorded in the Enola area. Most of the recorded seismic events are microquakes, but at least 93 earthquakes have been felt in the local area by at least one person during the first year of seismic activity. Earthquake magnitudes have not exceeded a 4.5, which occurred on Jan. 21, 1982. No structural damage has ever occurred, although there have been reports of broken china.
This map represents only a small sampling of seismic events that have occurred in the Enola swarm area since 1982. Events that are more recent include a magnitude 4.4 on May 4, 2001 followed by aftershocks greater than magnitude 2.0 over several days. Approximately 2,500 seismic events were recorded in 2001 on a portable seismic network. The most recent seismic event was a magnitude 2.8 on October 17, 2006.
These earthquakes are not associated with the New Madrid seismic zone of northeast Arkansas and there is no history or research that suggests any cause/effect relationship between the two regions.
Adapted from John David McFarland IIIView details »
Explore Historic Earthquakes Web Map
- Chiu, J., Johnston, A.C., Metzeger, A.G., Haar, L. and Fletcher, J., 1984, Analysis of analog and digital records of the 1982 Arkansas earthquake swarm: Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 74: 1721-1742.
- Jackson, K. C., 1979, Earthquakes and earthquake history of Arkansas: Arkansas Geological Commission, Information Circular no. 26.
- Johnston, A., et al, 1982, The Central Arkansas earthquake swarm: Tennessee Earthquake Information Center (TEIC) Special Report # 8, parts 1, 2.
- Johnston A., and Schweig, E., 1996, The Enigma of the New Madrid earthquakes of 1811-1812: Annual Review, Earth and Planetary Sciences, Vol. 24, p. 339-384.
- McFarland, J. D., 2001, Faulkner County Earthquakes: Arkansas Geological Commission, Open-File Report.
- Nuttli, O. T., 1982, Investigations of the New Madrid Earthquake Regions: Damaging Earthquakes of the Central Mississippi Valley, Geological Survey, Professional Paper 1236-B.
Scheduling A Guest Speaker
The Arkansas Geological Survey is committed to educating the public about earthquake issues in Arkansas. We have presented Earthquake: 101 lectures to school classes, emergency management, and many community organizations. Please contact the Arkansas Geological Survey if you are interested in scheduling a guest speaker.


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Christchurch, Chile, Haiti. Pakistan and Nepal. All have shared the devastating effects of earthquakes as a result of being located in the Ring of Fire – that band of tectonic plate movement and volcanic activity that circles the globe. In the past, the rush to rebuild caused many to forget important lessons relating to earthquake protection. However world wide there is now an awareness of the need to build stronger, resilient structures to withstand earthquakes. In New Zealand, since the Christchurch shakes, there has been an urgency in most towns and cities to strengthen and renovate older buildings to new earthquake safety standards.
In Pakistan, building engineers are implementing new home grown safety measures, such as the installation of locally made, wooden reinforced bracing for clay brick houses. This reinforcing placed in each corner of a house, together with strengthened roofing, increases the structural integrity of village houses and should prevent collapse in an earthquake. University student teams are being trained to introduce these safer building practices in certain vulnerable regions of Pakistan.
Earthquakes in the Ring of Fire will never cease but building standards are improving to ensure that structures endure to a greater level thus saving lives.


This website was created to assist in keeping the West Texas A&M University community kept up to date on the expansion of the Jack B. Kelley Student Center. Below you will find information on how the project is funded, when it's expected to be completed, and illustrations of what will be available when completed. If you have any questions, please feel free to message us on Facebook.
Floor Plan of the Expansion (Click on each picture for a larger PDF version)
|1st Floor ||Basement |
While some of the specific timelines have not been set, you can check back ever so often to see an updated schedule. The entire project is estimated to be approximately 17 months with an expected completion date of November 2012.
June 7, 2011 – Construction fence put up
June 8, 2011 – Demolition of the project site began
August 8, 2011 - Ground Breaking Ceremony
October 12, 2012 - JBK Expansion Tours (Homecoming Week)
November 1, 2012 - JBK Expansion Opens
Contractors for the Project


Concrete Driveway - Fort Wayne Concrete Contractors Co
Concrete Driveway - Fort Wayne Concrete Contractors Co
Concrete is a product used for various constructions as well as installations. Its multi-faceted characteristics and exceptional durability make it an excellent choice to build exterior projects in particular. The most common use of concrete is the construction of driveways. Spend any time in public around the Fort Wayne, Indiana area, and you'll undoubtedly discover a great number roads made of concrete. There are a variety of reasons concrete driveways are the ideal choice for a home owner - a handful of which we'll go over below. At Fort Wayne Concrete Contractors Co We are confident that our concrete specialists are the finest in the business for this type of work - and you can feel utterly comfortable with the quality of the finished product as you put your trust in our team. To know more about concrete driveways, read below or speak to our customer service representatives.
Are you bored with the grey concrete surface? If the answer is yes, an attractive driveway option is the right choice for you. Also called stamped concrete decorative concrete provides extra attractiveness to your concrete driveway. It's also a method that's ideal for updating an existing driveway. This approach can add something unique to your yard and make it unique to you. If you choose the right concrete driveway contractors, you'll end up with an area which is more attractive and attractive than you'd like it be.
Concrete Driveway Installation
Our firm, Fort Wayne Concrete Contractors Co. is in the business of concrete since the beginning of time. We offer concrete services within Fort Wayne, IN. Fort Wayne, IN area. We are aware of how vital it is to have a properly put in concrete driveway to make sure you get the most value for your money. Thus, we follow the strict concrete driveway installation procedure to ensure the highest quality outcomes.
For you to have the highest-quality concrete driveway surface, we follow these steps:
- Project Site Evaluation
- As a premier concrete construction company, we always make sure to conduct a site inspection prior to the actual construction. The primary focus is on the type of soil within the area in order to make sure it's troublesome. Then, we carry out the necessary actions to ensure it works for to the cement surface.
- Materials Preparation and Delivery
- The construction of a concrete driveway involves onsite preparation. This involves processing building permits in addition to hauling debris as well as other elements out of the construction zone. This allows us to begin from scratch. The project is also measured on location in preparation for installation for concrete slabs. During this phase, everything must be installed order to begin and complete the project on time. Usually, we use a concrete mix that has been prepared. Butin some instances we have to make it our own , following a certain concrete mixture ratio , which includes gravel, cement and water. and air.
- Driveway Installation
- The installation of driveways can be extremely difficult. That is why you need an expert concrete contractor to do the job for you. Fort Wayne Concrete Contractors Co is renowned for providing residential and commercial homes with the best driveways in the region. Pouring concrete is an essential procedure. This is why we thoroughly walk through it to ensure we have concrete slabs which last for many years. We employ reinforcing steel to provide additional strength, specifically because concrete driveways can be used to hold vehicles.
- During this process during this process, we'll ask our customers to decide -the choice of an unadorned concrete finish or a decorative one. It is safe to know that we keep your preference in mind throughout the installation process. So, we're able to offer you the look you desire.
- Quality Assurance
- It's an asphalt driveway for a driveway made of concrete project We always conduct a quality assurance check. We owe you for you to get your money's worth. We ensure that concrete surfaces are prepared before we release the project to you.
- When we conduct a quality inspection it is important to ensure that the concrete has cured. As a result, we will not be at a point to spot driveway cracks , or any other damages. Our team will go over the entire driveway to determine what issues require to be addressed right away.
- Cleaning-up and Turnover of the New Concrete Driveway
- So, your new driveway is now ready. What's next? In our case we wash it first. We make sure that it's clean and ready to use as soon as we turn off the drive to the homeowner. Then we haul away all construction debris in a clean, dry driveway. clean completed driveway.
1614 Carlow Court, Fort Wayne IN 46815
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Energy Saving Assessment of Semi-Transparent Photovoltaic Modules Integrated into NZEB
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SubjectEnergy saving; Buildings; NZEB; Photovoltaic; Thin film; BIPV; DSC; Dynamic building simulation; IDA ICE
Photovoltaic semi-transparent materials (STPV) integrated into glazing systems can offer good potential for energy saving to buildings, influencing heating loads, cooling loads, and lighting, as well as electricity production. Moreover, with the new stringent regulations issued by various European countries, following the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD, 2010/31/EC), the building envelope, including the glazing elements, needs to have high thermal performance to guarantee Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB) behavior. This work presents an assessment of energy saving potential of 4 different types of STPV with respect to conventional double pane glass. Dye sensitized solar modules (DSM) and thin film modules were considered in the study. Simulations based on an IEA reference office building (STD) and on reference buildings prescribed by the new Italian building energy performance regulation (NZEB) were carried out. All the glazing peculiarities could be simulated using only one simulation tool, namely IDA ICE 4.7.1. Dye sensitized solar modules resulted as the best performing devices for all orientations and climate zones. The work also evidenced how the requirements of NZEB seem to be too stringent for insulation properties, especially for the climate zone of Rome.
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
Photovoltaic and battery energy storage systems in shopping malls: energy and cost analysis of an italian case study Barchi G; Lollini R; Moser D (2016)Nowadays, due to the high diffusion and the lower cost of photovoltaic (PV) systems, there is an increasing interest in combining PV generators with battery energy storage systems (BESS) to improve load match and grid ...
Photovoltaic Plant Orientation Strategies to Minimize Grid Exchange in Free Field and Building Integrated Setups Ingenhoven P; Barchi G; Lovati M; Moser D (2016)High penetration of photovoltaic generation might lead to problems in the distribution grid such as instability, frequency deviations and reverse power flow. Parts of these problems can be mitigated by minimizing the ...
Maturi L; Adami J (Springer, 2018)This book describes exemplary selected projects carried out in the Trentino-Alto Adige region (Italy) exploring numerous building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) systems (i.e. modules, construction system, energy systems). ...


"The Original" Gator Hook, temporary lead suspension system. This multipurpose hook is specifically designed to safely suspend electric leads, data cabling, air hose and much more in industrial, commercial and construction situations.
The greatest strength of the Gator Hook is the safety, versatility and function it provides the safety conscious site or factory manager. Elevation of cables removes trip hazards from the work site, whilst removing cables from the harsh reality of the work site floor. Elevate your cables out of the dirt, mud and wear and tear.
The Gator Hook will assist in meeting the stringent OH&S requirements as set out in AS/NZS 3012:2003 2.6.9 which requires the protection and suspension of leads and cables.
The Gator Hook is the solution you have been looking for. It combines a versatile lightweight design, with high quality manufacturing to ensure durability through a long service life. The Gator Hook provides flexibility to quickly setup your worksite. The hook can hold up to 8 cables with a maximum cable diameter of 1.8 in. The unique design allows elevation from a variety of fixtures and fittings including over doors, walls, scaffold pipe fences and almost anything.
The cost benefit of the Gator Hook can be assessed in a variety of forms:-
- Elimination of Lost Time Injuries (LTI) caused by tripping over cables.
- Elimination of damaged cables from wear and tear on the worksite floor.
- Site setup/fitout will take a fraction of the time as the Gator Hook is custom made to provide quick and easy flexibility. Don't waste time customizing a solution for each site you go to.
Setup a quick temporary lead suspension system in any building or factory with this pack of 20 Gator Hooks.


Upflow Sludge Blanket Filtration (USBF®)
ECOfluid’s proprietary USBF® technology delivers high wastewater treatment efficiency, including biological nutrient removal (BNR), with very competitive capital and operating costs. The technology and components can be delivered as self-contained package plants or they can be site constructed for larger capacity installations.
The integrated USBF® bioreactor incorporates anoxic and aerobic compartments, and upflow sludge blanket filter(s). Operation of a USBF® plant is simple and self-regulating. Influent wastewater (see 1 on diagram) enters the anoxic compartment of the bioreactor where it mixes with activated sludge recycled from the bottom of the sludge blanket filter (2). Agitated and moved in a plug flow manner, the mixed liquor flows into the aerobic compartment (3).
After aeration, mixture of microbial cells and water enters the USBF® filter at the bottom (4). As it rises within the filter towards the effluent overflow trough at the top, upward velocity decreases as the cross sectional area of the filter increases. No longer supported by the decreased upward velocity, the flocs of cells become stationary and thus form a filtering media themselves. Becoming larger and heavier by contact and agglomeration, the flocs eventually descend to the bottom of the filter and are subsequently recycled back into the anoxic compartment (2). Filtered effluent overflows into a treated effluent overflow trough and is discharged from the system (5). A high degree of filtering efficiency is achieved as even very fine particles are filtered out.
Incoming nitrogen is removed by nitrification and denitrification processes. All USBF® integrated bioreactors are designed for complete nitrification of ammonia to nitrate. The technology’s single-sludge denitrification uses an endogenous carbon source to maintain the denitrifiers. Influent is mixed with recycled activated sludge in the anoxic compartment providing the carbon source needed for denitrification.
Incoming phosphorus is reduced by biological phosphorus uptake, also known as luxury uptake, where the cells store more energy in the form of phosphorus than needed for their survival. Unlike most other methods of clarification, the sludge blanket filter maintains oxide conditions, which enable phosphorus retention by the cells and its subsequent removal with excess sludge.
- high treatments efficiency, including BNR
- modular, expandable, compact
- reduced odor and noise
- minimal amount of moving parts, gravity flow
- reduced capital and operating costs
- fluidized bed filtration efficiency
- self-regulating hydraulic flexibility: as the flow grows the sludge blanket rises the filtration area increases – see illustration below.


We work with rail providers and train operating companies to keep their existing assets running as smoothly as possible, while making sure passengers can travel safely across the rail network at all times.
We support our clients, such as Network Rail, to deliver major infrastructure investment projects to upgrade the network, as well as day-to-day operations to keep the lines running safely.
Our Rail team has grown over the past few years to be one of the largest and most diverse rail organisations in the UK, covering rail systems including track, signalling, power systems and electrification along with associated civil engineering works. We also deliver major enhancements, asset management including inspections, light rail and an integrated heavy rail franchise through our operation of the Docklands Light Railway, Manchester Metrolink and Wales and Borders rail franchise.
我们与我们的铁路运营团队是相互关联的design team, who are one of the UK’s largest multi-disciplinary engineering design teams and allows us to offer a unique, end-to-end design, delivery and operational service to our clients. With our data and analytics capabilities, our teams work closely together to develop performance improvement programmes which deliver unique insight so we can design service improvements for the travelling public.
- 37 millionpassengers travel on DLR every year
- 69%improvement in lost customer hours on Jubilee, Piccadilly and Northern lines
- 9,300mplain line track replaced
- 44 millionpassenger journeys per year on the Manchester Metrolink
- £5bntransformation on the Transport for Wales, Wales and Borders rail network


The future is made today.
Progress. In harmony with nature and humanity.
We have a vision: We are blazing the trail for the mobility of the future. Sustainable, environmentally friendly and efficient.
We have a mission.
Our innovative technologies enable progress on the surface through innovation underneath. That’s because we are expanding the conventional road with the addition of a new level: Freight transport will be relocated underneath the surface, creating more space for passenger traffic above. Raise the curtain for the digital road.
Progress on the surface through innovation underneath.
We are re-thinking the road.
More transportation and more mobility with less traffic and less pollution: Exactly what the digital road enables. With our modular structure, we are creating new space that provides value in numerous ways.
An intelligent, fully autonomous logistics system will revolutionise the existing logistics landscape.
Solar modules supply clean power from solar energy exactly where it is needed.
Electromobility without range limitations: Energy from clean sources is used directly underneath the road to charge electric vehicles.
Infrastructure like power and water supply can be integrated easily and conveniently.
One module that combines two roadways.
This allows us to ease the roads' capacity constraints as well as our clients’ budgets in a sustainable manner. That is because construction costs are not only reduced by 20% but are also recouped through sustainable returns. In this way, we transform a passive surface into an active contribution to climate protection and simultaneously create new revenue models.
We generate clean power directly on the roadway, which enables inductive charging for electric vehicles and the operation of a fully electric freight transport system. We are supporting the green transformation of transportation with a comprehensive ecosystem of sustainable energy. Let’s get to work!
Innovation in road construction.
Let's not wait another 2,000 years.
The digital road provides an answer to a problem of the future: The economy's major traffic pathways are collapsing and the immense level of traffic jams is harming taxpayers as well as the environment. There is no better time than now to act, given that the volume of freight transport is expected to double by 2050 relative to 2010.
Roads work the way they did 2,000 years ago.
Apart from the fact that we now use asphalt instead of the cobblestones of the Romans, little has changed. As such, the roads cannot meet the growing challenges they face today; their capacities are exhausted. In order to redirect the negative effects of delivery traffic, new methods are called for: With the digital road, we are turning the road into something more than just a surface and shape the mobile future.
Over and under.
This is the future of freight transport.
Fast, economical, resilient: The digital road brings it all together. Our modules contain an automated roadway for freight transport underneath the surface and a road for passenger transport above. A brilliant combination that will change mobility in a sustainable manner – and is easily and rapidly attainable without expensive tunnel construction or complex construction processes. By using every element of the road in an entirely new manner, our innovation allows it to do much more for us – from cleaner energy to increased range to optimisation of construction processes.
All in one: One module that combines a conventional road with an underground one – without tunnel construction. This makes us a pioneer in a sector that has seen little progress in decades.
“Nano” instead of “giga”: Technology and innovation are the keys to creating the roads of the future. We are accelerating this process with our agile production methods.
Our roads could save up to 2 billion tonnes of CO² emissions each year. We decrease greenhouse gases with every kilometre of digital road. Quiet and invisible.
Win-win: Our unique financing model makes it possible to recoup the construction costs within 10 years and generate sustainable returns.
On the safe side: We are creating a closed system without delays from traffic jams: 100% reliable, available 24/7, fully automated.
We are proud to contribute towards the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
- Good health and well-being
- Clean water and sanitation
- Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
- Sustainable cities and communities
- Climate Action
- Life on Land
Our inner drive.
Creating a better future with humanity and technology.
ecoro is a technology company and more. We combine theoretical knowledge with practical experience, and we have great ideas and the expertise necessary to implement them.
“The road should be a tool that is capable of communication with its users.”
Managing Director / Operations
“No one needs to reinvent the wheel – just the surface it drives on. The time is ripe for the digital road.”
Managing Director / Sales


Improving waterways in Sandwich
The next phase of improvement works to waterways in Sandwich will see the Environment Agency removing silt and sediment from ‘The Guesting’ between Brewery Sluice to Strand Street to help maintain the flow of the Delf Stream and reduce flood risk to local properties. This is alongside an ongoing programme of works by the Agency to reinstate the Brewery Sluice.
The Agency also intend to de-silt the main pond in the Gazen Salts Nature Reserve with the works expected to get underway early in 2021.
The project is being undertaken in collaboration with Dover District Council and is supported by Sandwich Town Council and the River Stour (Kent) Internal Drainage Board.
A team of fisheries, biodiversity and geomorphology specialists from the Environment Agency have approved the works.
Preparatory works by Dover District Council have already started. This includes a topographical survey of Gallows Field where the silt will be deposited, which will be supported by an archaeological watch and brief during the works.
Before the desilting can start, DDC will also have to clear the riverbanks between the Gazen Salts car park and the Gazen Salts Nature Reserve so that the Environment Agency and its contractors can access the Delf with specialist plant and machinery.
Where possible, trees will be retained by crown-lifting the lowest branches, but a number of trees will have to removed.
Ropewalk and The Butts
DDC is also undertaking additional desilting works to those waterways for which it is responsible in Sandwich. This started earlier this year on the Ropewalk and will continue along The Butts. These works are outside the scope of the Delf Stream project and advice was sought from the Environment Agency.
Cllr MJ Holloway, said: “This is an important project that restores the Delf Stream as a historic watercourse, whilst also providing much needed flood protection to local properties.
“A project of this scale inevitably involves some disruption, but we’ll be keeping the local community informed as the project progresses.”
Local residents can sign-up for regular updates on a wide range of projects in Sandwich with Dover District Council’s ‘Keep Me Posted’ email alert service.
You are able to keep up to date with our articles, news and publications by following us on our social media channels below:


Miranda Street Road Closure 2018
Las Cruces motorists are advised that Miranda Street (from Parker Road to Palmer Road) will be closed to thru traffic beginning Monday, July 23. The closure will last approximately five months. The road closure will not affect any RoadRUNNER Transit Routes. For everyone’s safety please obey the posted signs within the construction zone. Speeding fines are doubled in this area.
For more information contact the Public Works Department, Contracts Administration section at 575/528-3098. The TTY number is 575/541-2182


single stage double suction horizontal split case centrifugal pump
Model S pump is a single-stage double-suction horizontal split centrifugal pump and used to transport pure water and the liquid of both physical and chemical nature similar to those of water，the maximum temperature of which must not be over 80′C, suitable for water supply and drainage in factories, mine目，cities and electric stations, water10gged land drainage and irrigation of farming land and carious hydraulic projects. This series pump comply with the standards of GB/T3216 and GB/T5657.
Both inlet and out1et of this pump are placed under the axial line, horizontal1y and vertical to the axial line, the pump casing is opened in the middle so it is unnecessary to remove the water inlet and outlet pipelines and motor (or other prime movers). The pump moves CW viewing from the clutch to it. The pump moving CCW can also be made, but it should be specially noted at order. The main parts of the pump are: pump casing (1), pump cover(2), impeller(3), shaft( 4), dual-suction seal ring(5), muff(6), bearing (15) etc. and all of them, except the axle which is made of quality carbon steel, are made of cast iron. The material may be replaced with others upon different media. Both pump casing and cover form the working chamber of the impeller and there are threaded holes for mounting vacuum and pressure meters on the flanges at both inlet and outlet and for water draining on the lower side of them. The impeller is static-balance calibrated, fixed with the muff and the muff nuts in both sides and its axial position can be adjusted via the nuts and axial force gets balanced by means of the symmetrical arrangement of its blades, there may be residual axial force which is borne by the bearing at the axle end. The pump shaft is supported by two single-column centripetal ball bearings, which are mounted inside of the bearing body on both ends of the pump and lubricated with grease. The dual-suction seal ring is used to reduce the leak at the impeller.
The pump is driven directly by means of connecting to it via an elastic clutch. (Set up a stand additionally in case of a rubber band driving). The shaft seal is packing seal and, to cool and lubricate the seal cavity and prevent air from getting into the pump, there is a packing ring between the packing. A small volume of high-pressure water flows into the packing cavity via the tapered beard during the pump’s working to act as a water seal.
After twenty years development, the group holds five industrial parks in Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang etc. areas where the economy has been greatly developed, covering a total land area of 550 thousand square meters.


Green building is the use of designs, products, systems, and materials to make energy efficient homes and reduce carbon footprints in Tampa Bay. The carbon footprint is the CO2 emitted by the energy burned to heat and cool a structure over its lifetime, the CO2 emitted by energy burned to generate power for the home and the CO2 emitted by energy used to manufacture the building components, products, and materials.
Remodelers are problem solvers; you come to them with your wants, needs, and concerns, and we will rise up to the challenge to produce designs that solve these problems and meet your needs. As your local remodelers, Greaves Construction in Tampa Bay has been using eco-friendly techniques for years. We rely on deconstruction (not demolition) of existing areas, reuse of existing materials for reconstruction, and we donate all usable building materials fixtures, cabinets, recycle debris after a job is finished.
Green building science studies the management of many components to make a structure’s systems work. The key elements are the management of heat, air, and moisture. Each of these affects energy efficient homes differently and together, reduce the homeowner’s footprint.
With the right green building practices, energy efficient homes can reduce water usage and energy costs without sacrificing comfort and style.
The following elements are ways that a contractor in Tampa Bay can make energy efficient homes:
- Reduce energy cost without sacrificing level of comfort desired
- HVAC System
- Higher efficiency systems
- Sealed ductwork
- Ducts and air handler in conditioned space
- Reduce energy loss through windows and doors
- Reduce heat gain through windows and doors
- Increase insulation value
- Install radiant barriers to reflect heat gain back out
- Solar systems
- Wind systems
- CFL or LED lighting
- Gas appliances, Energy Star appliances
To conserve water and reduce usage, green building contractors in Tampa Bay can install the following in energy efficient homes:
- Low flow faucets, shower heads
- Zeroscape landscaping
- Drip irrigation
- Grey water systems, use water twice before it goes to your irrigation system
- Rain water reclamation
- Tankless water heaters
- Hot water re-circulation pumps
Bamboo Floors. Bamboo is a renewable source that grows at an incredible rate of up to two feet per day!
Eco-Friendly Cabinets. While rare, but quickly becoming popular, many cabinets use wheat board made of straw instead of plywood.
Improved Efficiency. There is no such thing as totally ‘green’ house. Things like cooking and cooling require a lot of power, but utilizing Energy Star appliances can greatly reduce power usage.
New awareness of the age-old concept of green building is bringing new products to the market every day. This so-called “trend” will become standard building practice in Tampa Bay in the very near future. Do your homework, watch for green washing (products or services that are not really eco-friendly), reduce your carbon footprint, and be part of a combined effort to save our planet.
Green and Recycled Products
What makes a product or material ‘green’? A product is eco-friendly if it reduces impact on the environment through the use of materials that are renewable or sustainably harvested, or is harvested in a way that does not permanently deplete the source of the material. Eco-friendly products also reduce the use of water throughout energy efficient homes, lowering demands on sources and energy intensive infrastructure required to pipe, store, and purify it.
Green building products improve the indoor air quality or reduce chemical exposure within a home, thereby improving the health of the people who live there. This includes all products that reduce mold because mold can negatively impact indoor air quality.
Green Products that Reduce Consumption
These products do not cost as much as they save and will pay for themselves over time while reducing the carbon footprint of your home in Tampa Bay:
- High efficiency HVAC filters, systems, and duct sealants
- Window flashing
- Green cleaning products
- Insulation made from recycled products
- Low VOC paint and green-certified carpeting
- Wood flooring, bamboo, engineered lumber, or FSC certified lumber
- Composite, recycled decking
- Metal roofing or roof shingles made of recycled materials
- Low flow faucets, shower heads, and dual flush toilets/flush free urinals
- Permeable pavers and cement siding
- Rain water harvest
- Water filtration systems
- LED and CFL lighting
- Energy star rated appliances and lighting


CET spandrel panels* are ideal for curtain walls or glazed facades that need to blend or contrast with the rest of a building. Our opaque glazing is processed with multiple colour options and acts as an ideal separator for any purpose, particularly for concealment of the building structure.
Our spandrel panels are available in three glass options – clear, body tint or patterned – in the following colours:
- Bronze Tone
- Harmony Bronze
- Harmonic Blue
Non-standard colours are also available upon request.
We process spandrel panels as either single or double glazed insulated glass units. Sizes range from 300mm x 200mm up to 2500mm x 1600mm.
Our consultants are always willing to help if there are any questions you have about the correct application of spandrel panels. Please contact us to talk about your requirements.
*Please note that spandrel panels should not be used where vision is possible from both sides.


The increasing scarcity of affordable urban space and the demand for intimate, relaxed urban settings has led to an urban alley revitalization trend across many major U.S. cities. DC’s Height Act of 1899 limiting building heights to 110 feet has made space efficiency gains in the city that much more important.
As of September 2016, the following DC Zoning Commission changes affecting alleys went into effect:
- Alley dwellings will be permitted by-right in R-3, R-4 and R-5 zones in the city along 24-foot wide alleys, and on certain lots within 300 feet of a public street if the alley measures at least 15 feet wide;
- Single-family alley dwellings will also be allowed in other cases with a BZA special exception, pending input from DC Water, District Department of Transportation (DDOT), Department of Public Works (DPW), the local Advisory Neighborhood Committee, or other interested parties wherever applicable;
- Pre-existing alley lots must have a minimum square footage of 450 square feet in order for a dwelling to be built;
- Alley dwellings will also be subject to setback requirements and a height limit of 20 feet in residential zones. The height limit for alley dwellings in commercial zones will be 30 feet;
- In low-density residential zones (R-1 and R-2), alley dwellings will not be allowed;
- Multi-family alley dwellings could potentially be permitted in commercial zones, although they will remain prohibited in residential zones;
- Large alley lots can be split into more than one lot if square footage requirements are still met.


Download Structure v3.1.6 ThemeForest – Construction WordPress Theme – Structure v3.1.6 wordpress theme free download – Structure is the responsive WordPress theme for building service company such as construction, engineering, architecture website. Base on the needs of construction website, Structure brings the professional and clear design for your website.
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2 edition of Some observations on the design of brickwork cladding to multi-storey rc framed structures found in the catalog.
Some observations on the design of brickwork cladding to multi-storey rc framed structures
|Series||BDA technical note -- no.4|
|Contributions||Brick Development Association.|
|The Physical Object|
Full text of "Steel Structures Practical Design Studies Fourth Edition" See other formats. wall for analysis of framed building. Design based on such analysis results in under-estimation of building moments and shear forces in the columns of ground storey and hence it may be one of the reasons responsible for the failure observed. IS code allows the analysis of open ground storey RC framed.
Brick and Block Masonry - Trends, Innovations and Challenges contains the lectures and regular papers presented at the 16th International Brick and Block Masonry Conference (Padova, Italy, June ).. In an ever-changing world, in which innovations are rapidly implemented but soon surpassed, the challenge for masonry, the oldest and most traditional building material, is . Advantages and disadvantages of structural masonry -- Design philosophy -- Limit state design -- Basis of design (1): vertical loading -- Basis of design (2): lateral loading tensile and shear strength -- Strapping, propping and tying of loadbearing masonry -- Stability, accidental damage and progressive collapse -- Structural elements and forms -- Design of masonry elements (1): .
Abstract: Framed reinforced concrete structures are most commonly types of structures constructed all over the world due to ease of construction and rapid progress of work. Generally brick or block work masonry is done in these frames Author: Mohammed Nauman, Nazrul Islam. of RC shear wall of a multistoried building by changing shear wall location. Three different cases of shear wall position for a G+10 building have been analyzed. Incorporation of shear wall has b ecome inevitable in multi -storey building to resist lateral forces. Introduction Looking at the past records of earthquake, there isFile Size: KB.
Current surveys, special studies, and research projects
Charting the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs progress on meeting the mental health needs of our veterans
To Be Or Not To Be?Is That The Question? and Other Studies in Ontology, Epistemology and Logic. (Poznan Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the ... Philosophy of the Sciences & the Humanities)
Our mob, our justice
Irish in central Ohio
Rival crock-pot the original and #1 brand slow cooker
California real estate principles
CBM optimization models with multivariate observations.
short account of the Russo-Japanese war
end of the Third Reich [by] Vasili I. Chuikov
CBD Failure of Brick Facing on High-Rise Buildings. Originally published April W.G. Plewes. Adverse effects of differential vertical movements between wall cladding materials and building frames were discussed in CBD and have been the subject of recent publications ().
It is now recognized that shortening of columns as a result of elastic, thermal, shrinkage. Brickwork Design, and dealt with the design of unreinforced structural brickwork in accordance with BS Part 1.
Following publication of Part 2 of this Code inthe text was revised and extended to cover reinforced and prestressed brickwork, and the second edition published in The coverage of the book has been further extended. The new edition of Volume 4 of this well–known five volume series deals with more complex multi–storey and industrial/commercial buildings.
The revisions take account of new developments such as the slimfloor and parallel beam frame, and the latest provisions of the Building Regulations, and details of fixings for stone and brick cladding.
Some remedial measures to counter the bad performance are shown in Fig. Some times a soft storey is created some where at mid-height of the multi-storey building, for using the space as restaurant or gathering purposes, see fig Such soft storey in building also collapsed in Kutch and Kobe earthquakes.
For such a. But the masonry institute of Michigan did it some years ago. Seriously, if you need to ask this question, you need to explain what your frame is. Most euro load bearing masonry buildings seem to be a terra cotta structure w brick face and top out at 6ish stories. Walls and Cladding of Framed Buildings by Robin Barry () on *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers.
Walls and Cladding of Framed Buildings by Robin Barry (): : BooksManufacturer: Wiley-Blackwell. The new edition of Volume 4 of this well-known five volume series deals with more complex multi-storey and industrial/commercial buildings.
The new edition has been revised to bring it into line with the series design and includes new details on structural sealant glazing, solid brick and block internal walls, and metal stud partitions for non-loadbearing partitions.5/5(1).
Multi-Storey Wood-Framed Structures: Requirements for Building Beyond Four Storeys Page 4 Seismic, Structural, Fire Safety and Sound Transmission Considerations Cheung notes that wood is a timeless building material known for its structural capabilities. Wood assembly offers a high strength-to-weight ratio, resulting in a.
Structure detail of R.C.C. Staircase for Multi storey building. Showing Plan and sectional elevation with all blow up details like Tread/Riser construction detail, Handrail and guard Rail detail.
Safe Design and Construction of Multistoried RCC Buildings. A large number of reinforced concrete multi-storey frame buildings were heavily damaged and many of them collapsed completely in Bhuj earthquake of in the towns of Kachchh District (viz., Bhuj, Bhachao, Anjar, Gandhidham and Rapar) and other district towns including Surat and.
Assumed Preliminary data required for analysis Type of Structure – Multi-storey rigid jointed plane frame (Ordinary RC moment resisting frame) Seismic Zone – IV (table 2, IS (Part 1)) Number of stories – Four (G+3) Materials – Concrete (M20) and Reinforcement (Fe ) Size of column – mm*mm Size of beams – mm*mm.
Key words: Framed buildings, thin wide column, Analysis, Time period, Base shear, Conventional RC Frame Cite this Article: Vaishali G Ghorpade, H.
Sudarsana Rao and R.K. Tharun Thej, Behaviour of RC Multi-Storey Framed Buildings with Wide Thin Columns. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(1),pp. – WIS Cladding for timber frame buildings.
Self-supporting cladding Brick and block A brick outer leaf is the most popular type of cladding used in the UK as the aesthetic requirement for a. The standard of practice for the lateral analysis and design of light framed timber structures has been changing to more closely consider the effects of wall stiffness in the distribution of forces in a structure.
The stiffness of the shear wall system is a function of the sheathing, anchorage, and shear transfer connections. In some high seismic zones the forces causing acceleration in the building may exceed the acceleration due to gravity.
To overcome from this problem, to protect the structures and to reduce the risk of life from strong earthquake the most widely using technique is base isolation.
Multi-storey structures are the most commonly adopted. The second path, SeismoStruct model was used to simulate and analyze three-stories, 2D frame with different amount of infill which was analyzed analytically by Galli 7 under pushover analysis.
The purpose of this book is to give practicing engineers some way of reducing the design time required for smaller projects, while still complying with the letter and intent of the ACI StandardBuilding Code Requirements for Structural Concrete The simplification of design with its attendant savings in design time result from avoiding.
Models of the frame are developed for multi-storey RC buildings with and without floating columns to carry out comparative study of structural parameters such as natural period, base shear, and.
You’ve answered your own question I’m afraid. The secret is that the walls aren’t load-bearing. Instead it is the timber frame that takes the weight of the roof and upper structures. The walls have only to support their own weight.
This Tudor buil. In this paper, a 10 storey building in Zone IV is presented to reduce the effect of earthquake using reinforced concrete shear wall-framed structures in the building.
The results were tabulated by performing Response spectrum analysis using ETABS version in the form of maximum storey displacements, base shear reactions, mode shapes and.
This frame is representative of general multi-storey construction in India and has been used by other researchers for seismic analysis [10, 11].
The frame is designed according to Indian standard code, IS . The design compressive strength of concrete is taken as 35 MPa and yield strength of reinforcement steel is by: 4.Brick work is an important part of construction work done with the help of bricks and cement mortar.
It is done with different quality of bricks with different ratios of cement mortar according to the requirement. It is done in different parts of the building/structure according to the requirement/ architectural design of the buildings as given below:.
Brick and Block Masonry - Trends, Innovations and Challenges contains the lectures and regular papers presented at the 16th International Brick and Block Masonry Conference (Padova, Italy, June ). In an ever-changing world, in which innovations are rapidly implemented but soon surpassed, the challenge for masonry, the oldest and most Author: Claudio Modena, F.
da Porto, M.R. Valluzzi.


Ecobubl works with UK leading Mechnical Ventilation manufacturer Domus, covering their full range of ventilation and heat recovery systems, Ecobubl offer a full design service and supply to new build and renovation projects.
Domus Ventilation is a manufacturer of market-leading ventilation systems that save energy and improve indoor air quality. Formerly Polypipe Ventilation, the company has been reborn as Domus Ventilation, with new management and customer service teams, Domus Ventilation is primed for growth and aims to be the number one supplier of ventilation products and accessories.
Calll Ecobubl to discuss the full range
of Domus Ventilation equipment


Community Projects & Improvements
New landscaping, irrigation and lighting added to the North side of the Lugo Avenue & Old Cutler Road entrance in 2012.
New monument wall, landscaping, irrigation and lighting completed for the south side of the lugo and old cutler road entrance.
New monument wall and landscaping planned for pinecrest entrance to be completed in 2013.
Traffic circle at the intersection of Lugo Avenue and Red Road completed in 2014.
New playground at Gables By The Sea’s Coral Bay park approved in 2012 and completed in 2013.
Campamento improvements completed in 2012. Improvements included: Gulliver’s closure of service gate, which reduced the daily traffic of delivery trucks in and out of our community. New landscaping and irrigation were added along Campamento and Bernal. Reduction of speed limit in Pinecrest By The Sea approved in 2012.
Police officer directing traffic at the intersection of Old Cutler Road and Lugo Avenue to keep traffic moving and prevent cars from blocking the intersection during peak traffic hours in the morning and afternoon during school days.
New shade trees requested for Gables By The Sea as part of the neighborhood renaissance program which was put in place by the city to preserve and enhance the heritage and beauty of Coral Gables. Upgrades to Coral Gables lift station at Coral Park completed in 2012.
New landscaping to hide lift station from public view completed in 2012.
Bridge repairs and maintenance completed in the fall of 2012.


London was recently named as one of the world's top smart cities along with Singapore and Barcelona.
The new report from Philips Lighting and SmartCitiesWorld lauded the capital of the United Kingdom for being a ‘honeypot of technologies and partnerships' in addition to its green spaces.
The research involved more than 150 city planning experts from around the world, and is important because many believe that connected smart cities can help tackle problems such as traffic, pollution and energy usage – a perfect example is Barcelona's application of Internet of Things (IoT) technology to save €42.5 million on water.
However, Aegis Data CEO Greg McCulloch says one of the barriers to achieving the full potential of smart cities, as highlighted in the report, is indeed a lack of budget and infrastructure.
“Many smart city operations, such as the real-time processing of data for public transport systems, intelligent CCTV, management of utility lines (water mains - electricity grid) are already requiring significant processing powers from operators or local government. As smart cities expend their operations and needs for greater processing power,” says McCulloch.
“For example, we can imagine the huge amount of additional data collected from connected vehicles, both privately owned or public (car sharing - public transports) and other smart devices which can be analysed and turned into useful and actionable insights which can ultimately make our lives better. Analysis of a year's worth of traffic patterns and people's behaviour could advise city planners on the layout of our future road networks.
McCulloch says much of this data won't need to be analysed in real time, but it will require huge amounts of computing power to crunch a year's worth of data around driving behaviour, traffic patterns and test multiple models to predict new and better road layouts, public transport routes or other transport options, for example.
“Doing this in a data center located in the centre of a smart city like London would be hugely costly due to pricey real estate and higher costs of power. Plus the 'traditional' data centers which do exist in these metropolitan areas simply do not have access to the power required to efficiently crunch this kind of data,” says McCulloch.
“The density of power requirement needed for high performance computing needs such as these was never anticipated when London's power grid was designed and the urban density is already so high it's challenging to get more power in safely.
McCulloch says the challenge then, is to make sure that cities have the infrastructure in place to support these requirements in order for them to see the true benefits of smart cities.
“This is naturally going to lead to a rise in the demand for more cost effective High-Performance Computing (HPC) ready data centers which are not based in expensive urban centres,” says McCulloch.
“By changing the way servers are stacked within a rack, to minimise latency and provide far more computing power in the same space, we can reap the potential benefits of smart cities at a lower cost.


PEG works on a wide range of new builds and refurbishment of existing apartment buildings, drawing our expertise from many years of working on projects large and small to ensure the right systems are in place to meet the needs of clients and tenants. We work with the clients to meet their financial goals, maximize their investment and at the same time minimize the costs for tenants, all while keeping a focus on the environmental footprint.
853 7th Avenue, New York, NY
This project consisted of heating system renovation, including providing the floor plan drawings, riser diagrams, schedule & the details to show the conversion from oil to gas for heating purposes.
A very satisfying project in a landmark building that saved significant costs for the building owner, and a more reliable and environmentally friendly heating solution for tenants.
Byron-The Cambium, Mamaroneck, NY
A prominent new building that was aimed at new movers in a growing real estate market. Building owners gave explicit objectives for long term efficiency to maximize building profitability and low tenant costs, important for the majority of the tenants, who were first time renters.
PEG designed the complete mechanical, electrical, plumbing & fire protection systems for the building and associated parking.
Total space of 367,000 sq ft.
145 58th street, New york, NY
A project that consisted of a complete heating renovation. PEG's involvement consisted of providing floor plan drawings, riser diagrams, schedules to show the conversion from oil to gas for heating purposes.
A challenging, but ultimately successful project that lead to a great solution for the building owners and tenants, all while meeting the latest environmental regulations.


Constructing column line stake
Constructing column line staking is an integral a part of constructing development. It ensures builders that the construction being constructed is inbuilt the best place and that the columns are positioned precisely the place they have been meant to be positioned. Any sort of development stake is finished particularly by skilled land surveyors to be sure that the enhancements are constructed within the right space based mostly on the location plan and engineering plans. What occurs is that the surveyor makes use of structural or architectural plans to point the place columns and different options can be constructed, notes the sizes and dimensions, after which permits the development crew to make the enhancements on website with out worrying about , whether or not issues can be in place. proper place or not?
Surveyors carry out many alternative tasks in development work, however the development of column traces is extraordinarily vital, as columns are usually a supporting construction of a property. With the ability to mark a flat and straight line for constructing columns will enable the builder to ensure all the things is true the place it must be based mostly on the location plan and for the structural integrity that’s vital to the constructing and development course of. It’s all the time useful for a development firm or builder to depend on knowledgeable land surveyor for the bidding course of.
A certified skilled land surveyor has a bonus as they’ll interpret the plans after which lay out the location with momentary markers to go well with the builder, engineer or architect’s objectives. The builder will have the ability to belief that the constructing column line stake is right and that all the things can proceed to be constructed precisely and reliably as a result of the surveyor has taken the time to mark all the things for the development crew. The rendering, particularly the column traces, is vital as a result of it requires the reconciliation of the knowledge offered within the boundary and topographical survey with the design info to make sure that the location plan corresponds to the precise constructed property.
Staking of constructing column traces shouldn’t be the one sort that may be carried out. Whereas this can make sure that the studs are constructed evenly and on the right distance, there are different sorts of studs within the constructing construction. For instance, mass grading, curbs, fences, stormwater, sanitary sewer traces, utilities, constructing traces, sidewalks, driveways, and even parking heaps require stakes to make sure they’re all in the best locations and that the development crew can work round them. or do their job correctly. In all circumstances, development staking should be carried out by a licensed skilled land surveyor.
Normally all of the staking for the infrastructure is finished first, then as soon as the location is correctly ready, knowledgeable surveyor will begin staking the posts. Knowledgeable surveyor will use property measurements and controls to seek out the precise piling places to facilitate the development course of. This together with correct engineering, structural and architectural drawings will guarantee a easy development course of.
#Constructing #column #line #stake


Excon 2017 (December 12-16), Bengaluru
Excon (www.excon.in) : South Asia’s largest trade fair on construction equipment and construction technology, Excon, showcases the latest advancements in constructional engineering products, equipment and technology with specific emphasis on efficiency, productivity, safety, environment protection and construction quality. Excon 2017 will be held at the Bangalore International Exhibition Centre at Bengaluru from December 12-16, 2017.
7 . nackTec India, Dairy Universe India and PackEx India showcasing the complete spectrum for food and beverage industry.


Pergolas have actually been made use of in dwellings for centuries, classically, to include a shaded walkway, to connect structures or to allow a sitting location which allows the wind and sunlight to filter through. This fantastic enhancement to a residence will certainly not include in comfort, it can be an eye-catching incentive to the resale worth of the house. Any kind of open room around the home may be utilized as an invitation for a pergola. Throughout the years, pergola structures have actually added to the area to ensure that there is a big variety in layouts. While typical pergolas were planned primarily for appeal and convenience, the present layouts position more emphasis on providing security from the extreme components of nature such as rainfall and also snow and ultra-violet radiation.
The design of a pergola relies on the modern pergola. Relying on the location, the quality or the instructions of the sunlight, a pergola may be a gazebo, an extension of a building, an open terrace or a terrace that has grapevines criss-crossing a latticed roof. One of one of the most essential considerations when designing a pergola is the roof framework and shape The roofing system layout on a pergola depends upon the availability of direct sunshine in addition to the geography and all-natural functions of the area. Although, in earlier times, pergolas were built using block and rock pillars, modern-day designs utilize weather immune woods such as western red cedar or shore redwood. Pergola roofs might range from straightforward, level, standard roof, elaborately bent roofing system, and pitched roofing system, gabled roof covering or a gazebo style roof.
There is a selection of products that might be utilized to roofing system a pergola. The choice of roofing materials rely on the size, form and style of the structure. The sturdiness and toughness of the construction depends on the materials that are selected for this function. Currently the materials that are made use of for roofing consist of steels, plastic, fiberglass, polycarbonate, textile, and so on. Metal Roof The benefit of steel roofing is that it can be gotten used to the specific size and shape of the framework. An option of steels such as copper, aluminium or tin also assists to make a very easy decision. Steels not only very easy to cut and form, they likewise supply outstanding security from the weather conditions. Nevertheless, they additionally have some drawbacks such as refusing light to enter the location or allowing the temperature level to get as well warm inside the location.
Plastic and Fiberglass An additional variant of roofing for pergolas includes utilizing plastic or fiberglass. The benefit of these choices is that they are lightweight and affordable. They may additionally be quickly reduced to size and enables the light to filter in depending upon the color of the roofing. They additionally shield the pergola from the harsher elements of the weather condition consisting of the rain and also snow. Additionally, ultraviolet radiation may be reduced when using these two options. Although plastic might not be an eco-friendly option, Fiberglass can be made from recycled materials.


Royal Boskalis Westminster (Boskalis) in a consortium with Van Hattum en Blankevoort (Royal VolkerWessels) and TBI subsidiary Mobilis has been awarded a contract by the Port of Rotterdam Authority to build quay walls and a jetty, as well as to execute related activities for the construction of a new tank terminal in the port of Rotterdam.
The contract is valued at more than $120m, with Boskalis’ share amounting to $40.3m. The project will commence in early 2018 and is expected to be completed at the end of 2019.
HES International is building a new storage terminal for oil products in the port of Rotterdam. To be able to accommodate both large oil tankers and inland vessels, Boskalis and its partners will construct a 1,200-metre long quay wall for seagoing vessels, a 1,100-metre long quay wall for inland vessels, a 350-metre long jetty with four berths as well as riverbank and soil protection. The project is driven by the growth in global trade and energy consumption


World renowned air movement expert, Fläkt Woods came to ASGB to utilise our ability and finishing skills for the construction of the four bespoke wind cowls, which have now been installed at the new WWF Living Planet Centre in Woking, Surrey. The new building will be a showcase for green building design and open later in 2013.
Fläkt Woods stated that, Specialist engineers, ASGB were able to assemble the complex 3.8m high cowls, while ensuring the finished products complied with the strict design criteria specified by the architect.
Commenting on the successful collaboration, Allan Hurdle, Managing Director at Fläkt Woods, said: ASGB’s facilities and staff are set perfectly to handle a project of this type and its meticulous requirements. They’ve proved to be a great asset to us and have produced a finish that we, and the client, are really impressed with. “Having a company on your doorstep with so much experience and expertise in specialist engineering has been a huge benefit. So much so, we’re looking forward to working with the team at ASGB on future ventures and continuing to support the local economy.”
Simon Hare, Managing Director at ASGB, was also pleased with the outcome and the new business opportunities arising from the joint venture. He said: “although these wind cowls aren’t the usual type of products we work on, we knew we would be able to harness our engineers’ skills to fulfil the brief from Fläkt Woods. “Much of our work is bespoke to our clients, so the challenge of working on this job was one we relished. And it’s great to be working with a fellow Colchester-based company, with strong roots in the local area”
The four wind cowls have been designed and installed to form part of the WWF buildings natural ventilation system, providing fresh air to 3,600 m² of floor area. The wind cowls are positioned on the 80 m long curved timber grid shell – which spans 837.5m – and rotate on specially designed bearings fitted by ASGB. The WWF Living Planet Centre has regenerated a “brownfield” site with a design sympathetic to its natural surroundings, while also meeting the highest sustainability standards. WWF –UK is committed to constructing a building that exemplifies how a modern workplace can be met with the least impact on the planet.
Having produced multiple OB vans used by Sky television, these natural vent products for the award winning environmentally friendly headquarters for WWF, sponsored and promoted by Sky is an interesting twist to the ASGB indirect relationship with Sky.


FBG Earth Load Cell LC-01 is a new type of optical earth load gauge developed by using high-quality constant elasticity alloy as the load transmitter, and then utilizing the inherent strain sensing characteristics of fiber grating.
The LC-01 is suitable for measuring soil stress in building foundations such as earth-rock dams, breakwaters, revetments, quay walls, high-rise buildings, pipeline foundations, bridge piers, retaining walls, tunnels, subways, airports, highways, railways, and anti-seepage wall structures, as well as the measurement of freezing force in glacier frozen soil. LC-01 has the advantages of good stability, suitable for long-term monitoring, etc., and comes with self temperature compensation.
High Reliability and Sensitivity
Immune to EMI/RFI/Lightning
Rock Bolts and Soil Nails Monitoring
Mines and Slope Stabilization
Load Monitoring in Structures
|Center Wavelength||nm||1460 ~ 1610|
|Standard Pressure Range||Kpa||2000||Customized|
|Pigtail||6mm armored cable|


Durable & Non-Slippery
Polished concrete floors are more durable and considered low-maintenance. Its high coefficient of friction can make it non-slippery. Polished concrete reduces dust mite and allergen problems, and does not support mold growth. Polished concrete flooring is hardwearing and will not chip or dent like softer surfaces such as timber and tiles.
Improves Natural Lighting
Anecdotal evidence suggests highly reflective polished concrete reduces lighting needs and can improve natural lighting.
Polished concrete is easily maintained with the use of clean water or a neutral balance PH cleaner. There are also many cleaners designed for the proper maintenance of polished concrete available. There is never a need for wax to be added as it will only dull the finish. A concrete floor that has been hardened and polished will have an extremely long life expectancy compared to other flooring.