Our building inspection is a through investigation, addressing issues
relevant to safety and comfort of it's occupants.
Without detailed drawings, without intrusive inspection, requiring parts of covering layers to be removed, only on the basis of measurements and Energy Records of at least one year, our accuracy in describing Building's Characteristics is within 98% of the physical reality of the building. The other 2% are explained by builder and building services workmanship.
Our analysis could save you money and ensure safety and comfort. Subjects of our report includes the following customizable items:
- General House Characteristics
- House Temperatures (required by the Ontario Building Code)
- Window(s) Characteristics
- Building Parameters Details
- Building Assembly Details
- Building Parameters Summary
- Air Leakage and Ventilation (when necessary)
- F 326 Ventilation Requirements
- Central Ventilation System (if applicable)
- Secondary fans and other exhaust appliances (if applicable)
- Air Leakage and Ventilation Summary (what is applicable)
- Space Heating System Information
- Air Conditioning System Information (if applicable)
- Domestic Water Heating System
- Annual Space Heating Summary
- Annual Space Cooling Summary (if applicable)
- Annual Domestic Water Heating Summary
- Base Loads Summary
- Fan operation summary (if applicable)
- R-2000 Home Program Energy Consumption Summary Report (if applicable)
- Estimated Annual Fuel Consumption Summary
- Estimated Annual Fuel Consumption Costs
- Monthly Energy Profile
- Foundation Energy Profile
- Foundation Temperatures & Ventilation Profile (if applicable)
- Monthly Space Heating System Performance
- Monthly Air Conditioning System Performance (if applicable)
- Monthly Estimated Energy Consumption by Device
- Monthly Estimated Fuel Costs.
When generating the report, the arithmetic results are rounded off for presentation purposes. Therefore, totals in a report many not be exact; however, discrepancies will be marginal.
1. General House Characteristics
This section of the report contains information about the house type, number of storeys, wall and roof colors, year built, soil conditions, water table level and house thermal mass, number of occupants, the percentage of time that the occupants are in the house, (to calculate the sensible internal heat gain from the occupants), also description and analysis of structural state of the building, plumbing, electrical system, the roof's condition, drainage and water infiltration.
2. House Temperatures
Lists the set point temperature required by the Building Code of the various parts of the house
3. Window Characteristics
Presented in two tables of information: (a) the first table presents the location of the windows, the number and the type , the overhang width and the header height, the tilt angle of the window, the curtain shading factor and the thermal resistance of the shutter if applicable, (b) the second table presents the window type, the rough opening width and height, total area, the thermal resistance of the window and the solar heating gain coefficient (SHGC).
4. Building parameters details
This section includes in the following order, ceilings, walls, exposed floor (if appropriate), doors, foundations and the roof cavity inputs, a description of each of the layers in the construction.
5. Building Assembly Details
This section lists three different thermal resistances for each above-and below-grade wall, each ceiling, and each floor component. These thermal resistances are:
- Nominal RSI, which is the thermal resistance of the insulation only,
- System RSI, which is the thermal resistance of the system or component (wall, ceiling, floor) including thermal bridging of the framing layers, any other layers that were added (such as exterior finishes and interior finishes) and air film coefficients, but not including any openings (such as windows and doors)
- Effective RSI,which is the overall thermal resistance of the component including any openings.
6. Building Parameter Summary
This section of the report consists of a number of tables, one for each of the building components. Each table lists the gross and net areas and the thermal resistances (m2 *C/W) of each building component type, and gives the corresponding heat loss and the thermal resistance. The thermal bridging is also accounted for, therefore the Net Thermal resistance is given. For windows with shutters, the heat loss for an orientation includes the effectiveness of the shutter in reducing heat loss.
The other two columns of the table are:
- Heat Loss, which is the total heat loss through the building component. It is the amount of total heat loss that would have to be replaced by using space heating, if there were no internal and solar gains. This heat loss is accounted for when determining which part of the component require thermal upgrading.
- % Annual Heat Loss, is the percentage of the contribution of that building component to the total heat loss of the home.
The ventilation section is the seasonal summary showing the sum of natural air infiltration and mechanical ventilation heat losses. This data includes the total heated volume of the house and the average air change rate for the house. The average air change rate is the sum of the calculated natural infiltration rate and the maximum of the supply and exhaust rates for the central ventilation system and secondary fans. The ventilation annual heat loss includes losses due to all specified air exchange devices and any heat recovered by the mechanical ventilation system.
7. Air Leakage and Ventilation
The first part of this section of the report represents the air infiltration data. This includes the average natural infiltration rate, fan depressurization test results, and the construction type. These fields are:
- Building Envelope Surface Area, which is the entire surface are enclosing the heated house volume. The walls in an unheated crawlspace are not included in the surface area summary.
- Air Tightness Level, or Air Leakage Test Results at 50 Pa. which is the blower door test results.
- Terrain Description, presents the data describing the weather station site, the building site and the heights of the anemometer and the building eaves.
- Local Shielding for walls and flues, describing the shielding conditions for the walls and flue from wind.
- Leakage Fraction for ceilings, walls, and floors, presenting the fraction of air leakage through exposed ceiling, walls and floors.
- Equivalent Leakage Area (ELA), estimated to calculate air flows.
8. F326 Ventilation Requirements
This section provides a summary of the rooms in the house and represents minimum continuous ventilation requirements in L/s according to the Canadian Standard Association's (CSA), Standards F326, Residential Mechanical Ventilation Requirements.
9. Central Ventilation System
The ventilation system information, if the ventilation system includes a heat recovery ventilator, all entered ventilation data is presented. The following fields are calculated and presented:
- Low Temperature Ventilation Reduction, which is the percent of which the ventilation rate of the heat recovery ventilator must be increased based on the month of January to compensate for reduced air flow due to frosting of the heat recovery ventilator.
- Low Temperature Ventilation Reduction: Airflow Adjustment, is the magnitude of the airflow adjustment.
10. Secondary Fans and Other Exhaust Appliances
This section presents the date entered in the Ventilation screen for other fans, for the dryer and for Devices over 75 L/s
11. Air Leakage and Ventilation Summary
This section provides the following information:
- F326 Required Continuous Ventilation Rate, is the sum of the room requirements presented both as airflow and air changes rates. This represents the ventilation system air flow setting that meets the R-2000 Home Program minimum continuous ventilation requirements.
- Central Ventilation Supply Rate (Balanced) is the average air change rate used for ventilation heat-loss calculations.
- Other Continuous Supply Flow Rates, which is the average air change rate for non-central supply fans.
- Other Continuous Exhaust Flow Rates, is the average air change rate for non-central exhaust fans.
- Gross Air Leakage and Ventilation Energy Load, is the seasonal air infiltration and mechanical ventilation energy load for the house without heat recovery.
- Seasonal Heat Recovery Ventilator Efficiency, calculated by completing an hourly bin analysis on the heat recovery ventilator using the entered efficiency test data.
- Estimated Ventilation Electrical Load: Heating Hours, is the annual amount of electrical energy required to operate the ventilation system (including pre-heaters) below the house set-point temperature. All hours below the set point temperature are assumed to be heating hours, and the electrical energy input of the fans and heaters during these hours will reduce the ventilation air heating requirements.
- Estimated Ventilation Electrical Load: Non-Heating Hours, which is the annual sum of ventilator electrical consumption for all hours above the set-point temperature. This electrical energy does not offset space heating requirements and will be changed as separate electrical consumption.
- Net Air Leakage and Ventilation Energy Load, includes heat recovery and fan operation of the heat recovery ventilator. If the mechanical ventilation does not include heat recovery, the net load will equal the gross load.
12. Space Heating System Information
This section of the report summarizes the information entered for the space heating system in the house. The heating output capacities (Kw) and efficiencies of the units are also presented. If the entered space heating output capacity is less than the derived design heat loss, the message "Insufficient capacity" is printed with the entered heating capacity.
When a heat pump is installed, the entered technical characteristics of the heat pump are also presented for verification and as a permanent record. These include the manufacturer, model, entered heating capacity, coefficient of performance (COP) temperature control strategy, and the heat pump energy source.
If the heat pump is performing a cooling function as well, the heat pump data for cooling is presented in the Air Conditioning System section.
This section also displays any data entered for radiant or hydronic heating and for solid fuel burning equipment.
13. Air Conditioning System Information
This section of the report summarizes the information entered for the space cooling system in the house. It also presents the calculated values for the cooling load and the sensible heat ratio for the specified design month.
14. Domestic Water Heating System
This section of the report presents a summary of the characteristics of the primary and secondary water heating systems data.
15. Annual Space Heating Summary
This section of the report is a seasonal heat loss/gain summary of the house and indicates the energy requirements and consumption of the house during a calendar year. It includes:
- Design Heat Loss at..., is the design heat loss divided by the house volume (w/m3) and is based on the 21/2% January Design condition. The design heat loss is used for sizing the space heating equipment, or verification as appropriate.
- Gross Space Heating Load, which is the sum of the annual component heat losses, including the effects of heat recovery, but excluding usable internal and solar heat gains. It is the energy load in the month profile.
- Usable Internal Gains, is the sum of the internal heat gains used during the heating season.
- Usable Internal Gains, is the sum of the annual component heat losses, including the effects of heat recovery, but excluding usable internal and solar heat gains. It is the energy load in the monthly profile.
- Usable Internal Gains Fraction, is the annual percentage of the gross space heating load provided by useful internal gains.
- Usable Solar Gains, is the sum of the passive solar heat gains used during the heating season
- Usable Solar Gains Fraction, is the annual percentage of the gross space heating load provided by utilized solar gains. For this reason, the annual useful fraction is usually considerably lower than the internal heat gains fraction.
- Auxiliary Energy Required, which is the amount of heat energy the space heating equipment must provide (including air infiltration heat losses due to the chimney or furnace draft during those times when the furnace is not operating) to maintain the house temperatures. It is calculated as the gross energy load less the usable internal and solar heat gains.
- Space Heating System Load, is the sum of the monthly space heating system loads. For each month this is equal to the auxiliary energy plus the increase in air infiltration heat loss due to furnace operation. For space heating auxiliary energy required.
- Furnace / Boiler Seasonal Efficiency, is the average efficiency of the unit over the whole year.
- Furnace / Boiler Annual Energy Consumption, is the sum of the calculated monthly energy consumption of the unit. This is the amount of energy required to maintain the house at the set point temperature. It does not include energy consumption by fans.
If the house contains a heat pump, two additional items are presented and the meaning of two existing items is different, as described below:
- Heat Pump and Furnace Annual COP, is a seasonal weighted average coefficient of performance of heat pump and space heating equipment operating together to meet the space heating load. The COP is calculated by dividing the space heating load by the total energy input to the heat pump, furnace / boiler fans during the heating hours, and any pilot light energy. Only those months with a net space heating load are included in the annual COP calculation.
- Heat Pump Annual Energy Consumption, is the total energy input to the heat pump in providing a portion of the net space heating load.
- Furnace / Boiler Annual Energy Consumption, is now the total energy input to the furnace / boiler in providing the remainder of the net space heating load.
- Annual Space Heating Energy Consumption, is the sum of the heat pump and furnace / boiler energy inputs to meet the net space heating load.
16. Annual Space Cooling Summary (if applicable)
This section of the report summarizes the space cooling information for the calendar year. This information includes:
- Design Cooling Load for month, is the estimated cooling load that must be met for the house, based on the selected month, and the design cooling dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures specified.
- Design Sensible Heat Ratio, is the sensible heat ratio (SHRA) at design conditions. SHRA is the ratio of sensible to total (sensible + latent) load. Sensible load is that part of the cooling load due to temperature change. Latent load is due to change of state (e.g. dehumidification of the air resulting from cooling)
- Estimated Annual Space Cooling Energy, is the estimated amount of energy that will be required by the space cooling system for the month specified.
- Seasonal COP, (month 1 to month 2), is the calculated coefficient of performance of the space cooling system for the cooling period beginning month 1 and ending month 2.
If a heat pump was input for cooling purposes, the results for the heat pump in cooling mode will appear in this section.
17. Annual Domestic Water Heating Summary.
This section of the report is a summary of the annual domestic water heating information and calculation results. The categories are:
- Daily Hot Water Consumption, is the hot water requirement, estimated
- Hot Water Temperature, is the temperature of the hot water delivered to faucets
- Estimated Domestic Water Heating Load, is a measure of the total hot water heating requirement for the home, not including tank standby losses.
- Solar Domestic Water Heating System Contribution, is the amount by which the water heating load is offset due to the solar water heater. (if applicable)
- Domestic Water Heating Energy Consumption, is presented if a water heating system is installed. It is determined as the load divided by the seasonal efficiency of the water heating equipment (including standby losses)
- Seasonal Efficiency, is the efficiency of the system taking into account the load, the location of the house (affects the temperature of the intake water) and the location of the tank (affects standby losses)
18. Base Loads Summary
In this section of the report the categories are:
- Interior Lighting, Appliance, and Other
- Exterior Use
- HVAC fans, for HRV /Exhaust, Space Heating and Space Cooling (what is applicable)
- Total Average Electrical Load
19. Fan Operation Summary
The fan operation summary is a table that presents the annual electrical energy consumption of all fans in the house. The fan types are: HRV / Exhaust fans, space heating fans, and space cooling fans. For each fan type, the table lists the amount of energy consumed by the fans for the heating hours, the cooling hours (if an air conditioner is installed) and for the hours in which neither heating nor cooling is required.
20. R-2000 Home Program Energy Consumption Summary Report (if applicable)
The R-2000 Program summary presents the following results (in both MJ and KW/h)
- Estimated Annual Space Heating Energy Consumption, is the amount of furnace / boiler energy or heat pump and furnace / boiler energy required to meet the net annual space heating load. This calculation also includes energy consumption by the furnace fan during the heating hours.
- Ventilator Electrical Consumption: Heating Hours, is the amount of additional electrical energy required to operate the heat recovery ventilator during space heating times. This is an additional charge to the space heating system, because the electrical energy serves to replace a portion of the space heating load of the home. Exhaust fans on the heat recovery ventilator are excluded because this electrical energy is lost to the outside.
- Estimated Annual DHW Heating Energy Consumption is the amount of energy required to provide water heating. if a solar collector system exists, the annual domestic hot water energy is the amount of backup water heating energy required.
- Estimated Annual Space + DHW Energy Consumption, is the sum of the annual space heating consumption, ventilator electrical consumption during space heating hours, and annual domestic water heating energy consumption, less any space or water heating energy credits.
- Annual R-2000 Space + DHW Energy Consumption Target, is the derived space and water heating target determined for the house, based on the heated volume of the house, annual heating degree days, and space heating and water heating system factors.
21. Estimated Annual Fuel Consumption Summary
This section of the report is a summary of the amount of fuel required for space heating, space cooling, DHW heating and appliances.
22. Estimated Annual Fuel Consumption Costs
This table contains the annual fuel costs by fuel type for each of the appliances in the house.
23. Monthly Energy Profile
This monthly table presents a month-by month listing of the space heating energy demands for the house:
- Energy Load, is the total heating load for the house. The load is calculated by summing all the heat losses of the house and subtracting the monthly heat recovery ventilator contribution. (when applicable)
- Internal Gains, are the internal gains used to offset the space heating loads for the month. This value is not a measure of the total available internal heat gains, since a portion of the heat gains are lost from the house.
- Solar Gains, which are the passive solar heat gains used to offset space heating for the month, requiring it. In the summer months, little of the passive solar heat gains are used to offset space heating loads, since space heating loads are reduced.
- Auxiliary Energy, is the space heating auxiliary energy required of the space heating system. This value is column 1 minus columns 2 and 3. The annual sum of the auxiliary energy required equals the auxiliary energy required on the annual space heating summary chart.
- HRV Efficiency, is the monthly weighted efficiency of the heat recovery ventilator in providing heat energy. Peak heat recovery occurs in the early spring months when the unit is not in frost protection, and the temperature differences across the core of the unit is sufficient to allow maximum heat transfer.
24. Foundation Energy Profile
This table lists the net heat loads (in MJ ) for crawl space, slab-on-grade, basement and walkout foundation on a monthly basis. The heat load takes into account the heat loss / gain through the foundation walls and slab, the heat loss / gain to the main floor, internal gains and solar gains. If there is more than one foundation of a particular type the value presented is the sum of the heat loads of both foundations. The table also presents the total heat load from all foundations in the house.
25. Foundation Temperatures and Ventilation Profile
This section of the report presents the monthly and annual temperatures for the crawl space, basement and walkout foundations. It also provides the monthly and annual natural and total air change rates for the house.
26. Monthly Space Heating Systems Performance
This monthly table is a summary of the results of the space heating calculations. The following categories are presented:
- Space Heating Load, is the energy load that space heating systems must provide. The monthly space heating load is equal to the auxiliary energy required plus any additional air heat loss due to furnace operation.
- Furnace Input, is the amount of energy the furnace / boiler must contribute to the space heat required.
- Pilot Light, is the amount of energy consumed by a pilot light.
- Indoor Fans, is the amount of electrical energy consumed by the furnace fans.
- Heat Pump Input, is the amount of energy that the heat pump must contribute to the space heat required.
- Total Input, is the sum of the furnace input, the pilot light energy, the indoor fan energy and the heat pump input energy (if applicable). This is the entire input energy required to meet the space heating requirements of the home.
- System COP, is the coefficient of performance of the combination furnace / boiler and heat pump, (when applicable). It is calculated as the space heat required divided by the total input.
If the furnace / boiler and the heat pump are electric, the entire table is presented in KW/h.
27. Monthly Air Conditioning System Performance (if applicable)
This monthly table is a summary of the results of the space cooling (air conditioning) calculations. The categories are:
- Sensible Load, is the part of the cooling load due to temperature change.
- Latent Load, is the part of the load due to change of state, such as dehumidification of the air.
- Air Cond. Energy is the electrical energy required to run the compressor and the outdoor fan.
- Fan Energy is the electrical energy required to run the indoor fan.
- Ventilator Energy, is the electrical energy required to run the ventilator.
- Total Energy, is the total electrical energy required to run the air conditioner (to maintain the temperature at the cooling set-point for the months specified. This energy includes the crankcase heater energy, which is calculated as the difference between total energy and that used for the air conditioner, fan, and ventilator. For systems in which the heat pump is in dual mode (integrated system for heating and cooling), the crankcase energy is split into heating and cooling hours in the months that the air conditioning system is operation.
- COP, is the coefficient of performance of the air conditioning system. It is calculated as the ratio of total load (sensible + latent) / total cooling energy. Seasonal COP includes only the months for which the air conditioner is operating.
- AV.RH is the estimated average indoor relative humidity (which would occurs if the air conditioner were to operate as per specification)
28. Monthly Estimated Energy Consumption by Device
This monthly table presents a month-by-month listing of the calculated energy consumed by devices in the house. Devices are grouped as:
- Space Heating (Primary and Secondary),
- Domestic Hot Water Heating (Primary and Secondary)
- Lighting and Appliances,
- Heat Exchange Ventilator and Fans (which includes exhaust, space heating system and air conditioner fans) if applicable, and
- Air Conditioner including any cooling performed by a heat pump, if applicable.
The last row of the table presents the annual energy consumption for each device.
29.Monthly Estimated Fuel Costs
This table presents the month-by-month fuel costs for each fuel type. It also presents the total annual fuel costs for each fuel type and the total fuel costs for each month.
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The objectives of the association are to contribute to the improvement of building physics area in international platforms and to establish communication and cooperation among those engaged in research and application in various fields of building physics.
These objectives are pursued through:
- the promotion, advancement and dissemination of the research and best practice in the field of Building Physics in order to improve the design, construction, operation, maintenance and performance of new and existing buildings and surrounding infrastructure,
- the organization of an international scientific conference every three years (International Building Physics Conference – IBPC),
- the sponsorship of an international journal, that publish high level papers covering the broad field of Building Physics,
the teaching and educational activities in the field of Building Physics


What is a torsion axle for trailers?
A torsion axle is a type of trailer suspension system used to provide the suspension needed to carry the load and reduce the impact of uneven roads. It is an assembly of longitudinal metal beams and axles connected by a torsion bar.
How does a torsion axle work on trailers?
In a torsion axle, the load from the trailer is transferred to the beams via the torsion bar, which is deformed by the load. The beams have a certain torsional stiffness, which determines their resistance to deformation. This torsional stiffness depends on the material the beams are made of, the geometry of the beams and the length of the torsion bar.
When the trailer travels over a bumpy road, the torsion bar is deformed and the beams are rotated, lifting the load and reducing the impact of the bump. Thus, the torsion axle provides a kind of flexibility and absorbency that allows for a smooth ride.
Advantages of a torsion axle on trailers?
A torsion axle has some advantages over other suspension systems. For example, its design is simple and relatively lightweight, which makes it suitable for use in trailers. In addition, it has a long service life and is low maintenance because there are no moving parts that need to be lubricated or replaced.
A torsion axle is available in different sizes and configurations, depending on the requirements of the trailer. For example, torsion axles can be used for single-axle trailers, as well as tandem axles or even triple axles. Various options are also available for the length and thickness of the beams, allowing the rigidity of the axle to be tailored to the load and desired driving characteristics.
All in all, a torsion axle is an effective and reliable trailer suspension that provides a smoother ride and less damage to the load and trailer.
The VDM Trailers torsion axle has been calculated and tested for a load capacity of 1050 KG. It was used in the past for Weytens' trailers (manufacturer Intertrailer NV) and is still in use today for VDM's unbraked trailers.


Very few people may not know about the difference between Hanix HRC4 vs Sakai R2S. The difference in these machines is whether they move by Hanix HRC4 vs Sakai R2S, and also a Hanix HRC4 has a blade, while a Sakai R2S is equipped with a three-wheeled roller. These machines are useful for different purposes. The Hanix HRC4 is a vehicle for workgroups and blades are activated by hydraulic fluid acting upon hydraulic cylinders. The Sakai R2Sis a vehicle that creates equal static linear pressure across all drums and provides uniform compaction. Let us here through this article find an in-depth study of these two. We are going to discuss a lot more about the Hanix HRC4 vs Sakai R2S.
A Hanix HRC4 is a track or wheel vehicle having an approximate weight operating from 0.7 to 8.5 tonnes. So, it is generally inclusive of a standard backfill blade and features an independent boom swing.
Hydraulic Excavators are different from other construction equipment in that all movement and completion of the functions of machines via the transfer of hydraulic fluid. However, the activation of a compact excavator’s workgroup and blade via hydraulic fluid acting upon hydraulic cylinders. There is also activation of excavator’s slew (rotation) and travel functions by hydraulic fluid powering hydraulic motors.
Generally, Hanix HRC4 hydraulic excavators have three distinct assemblies: house, undercarriage, and workgroup.
The house structure consists of the operator’s compartment, engine compartment, hydraulic pump, and distribution components. However, the house structure is affixed to the top of the undercarriage through a swing bearing. The house, together with the workgroup, is in a position to rotate or slew upon the undercarriage without limit due to a hydraulic distribution valve. This Hydraulic distribution valve supplies oil to the undercarriage components.
Slew Slewing refers to rotating the excavator’s house assembly. It is not like a conventional backhoe, the operator can slew the entire house and workgroup upon the undercarriage for spoil placement.
The undercarriage is inclusive of rubber or steel tracks, drive sprockets, rollers, idlers, and associated components/structures. The undercarriage bolsters the house structure and the workgroup.
The workgroup of a compact hydraulic excavator includes boom, dipper or arm, and attachment (for instance auger, bucket, or breaker). There is a connection to the front of the excavator’s house structure through a swing frame that allows the workgroup to be hydraulically pivoted left or right. This is in order to achieve offset digging for trenching parallel with the tracks. So, the manufacturers such as Terex and Caterpillar (CAT) give an extendable boom option. This is more akin to the extendable boom of a backhoe loader.
Independent Boom Swing
The main motive of boom swing is for offset digging around obstacles or along with foundations, walls, or forms. Apart from it, the secondary usage is cycling in areas too narrow for cab rotation. Moreover, the Independent boom swing is one of the booms of a compact excavator over other excavation equipment.
The backfill blade is useful for grading, leveling, backfilling, trenching, and general dozer work. The blade can be useful to increase dump height and digging depth depending on its position in relation to the excavator’s workgroup. This holistically makes it very versatile.
Sakai R2S is a three-wheeler roller which is even versatile static three-wheeler rollers for various types of paving compaction jobs.
The best interface in terms of quality and efficiency
- There is equal static linear pressure across all drums which provides uniform compaction.
- Center-point steering.
High safety standards
- Emergency brake pedals are standard.
- From the ground, you can easily access to engine, hydraulics, devices, filters, etc.
- Direct access to spray nozzles from the operator’s station.
- Rugged articulated center-pin joint.
- Triple protection filtration
- Perfect draining winterization
- Firstly, Specifications are subject to change without notice.
- Secondly, The engine meets all specific standards for the series.
- Finally, They use low-quality fuel which may cause failure in the engine
High Safety standards
- Firstly, 1m X 1m visibility
- Secondly, Standard emergency brake pedal
However, Both are powerful in their own space. The two of them have different features so it is not possible to decide which one is better. The Hanix HRC4 is a vehicle for workgroups and blades are activated by hydraulic fluid acting upon hydraulic cylinders. So, the Sakai R2Sis a three-wheeler roller that is even versatile static three-wheeler rollers for various types of paving compaction jobs. Then, it is moreover a vehicle that creates equal static linear pressure across all drums and provides uniform compaction. So it is suggestive to access Japanese Car trade to get better results.
If you are looking to buy Used Cars, Machinery, Bus, Trucks, Parts from Japan. We provide high-quality used vehicles directly from Japan.
Please visit our website: www.japanesecartrade.com
Check more useful blog pages: blog.japanesecartrade.com/blog


Drivers in central Camden County may be impacted by delays associated with the increased construction activity surrounding road paving projects in the Plantation Point Phase II subdivision. Located off of Georgia Highway 110 southwest of the City of Woodbine, construction will begin April 19, 2021.
Residents and travelers in this area should exercise caution when driving in this area and be aware of the construction work taking place.
Over 0.9 miles of roadway will be paved including parts of Colonial Court, Hickory Ridge Court, Hickory Ridge Road, High Point Road, Meadow Ridge Court, and Pine Bluff Court. This nearly $540,000 project is funded by SPLOST VII.


There are many modern exterior designs that you can try to apply in your home. For example, a unique and charming roster-look accent. Here's some inspiration!
Literally, the roster is a partition or insulation between spaces, and also functions as a circulation hole.
To apply it to the facade, you can build this element as a secondary skin.
That is, the roster is not directly attached to the outer wall, but becomes the outermost part of the entire facade of the house.
As a design reference, let's look at some of the inspiration for the facade roster in the following modern homes.
8 Roster Facade Design Ideas for Today's Homes
1. List of Clay on Affected Cement Wall
First, you can try combining exposed cement elements with clay lists.
At first glance, the combination of these two elements will make your facade look unfinished.
However, this will be the main attraction of the exterior of the house.
2. Concrete Roster Facade for Industrial House
The next idea is to build a concrete roster facade to highlight the industrial design style.
Interestingly, residents built this ventilation wall at the end of the terrace area, replacing the pillars of the house.
Not only that, half of the enclosures are built around the same exposed concrete roster concept.
This makes the appearance of the building look harmonious and beautiful.
3. Home Exterior Inspiration for Secondary Skin
The inspiration for the next roster display came from the @dirumah.ps account.
Occupants install an insulating wall as a second layer on the lower floor of the dwelling.
Its function is not only as a decorative element, but to protect the privacy of its occupants.
The reason is, foreigners will not be able to see the activities behind the roster wall.
4. Nako Type Roster Facade
The exterior arrangement of the unit in this enclosure can also be an option, and voila.
The main color of the exterior walls of the house is gray, with a touch of wood on the door.
On the outer wall of the first floor, the developer installed a nako-type roster as a sweetener.
The presence of this ventilation not only adds aesthetic value, but can be the main wall protector.
5. Roster fence that blends with the wall
In this residence, the main function of the roster wall is as a fence.
However, the structure is attached to the main wall and is directly adjacent to the door.
So you could say this fenced area is also part of the facade.
In fact, its presence is the most attractive element of the overall appearance of the house.
6. Accent Ventilation in Carport
As a further idea, you can try to build a wall with ventilation in the carport area.
On the wall separating the side door from the parking lot, to be exact.
It doesn't need to be too big, even a small roster wall is enough if the main purpose is only as an exterior sweetener accent.
7. Minimalist Industrial Housing Facade
The occupants built a second skin in the form of a concrete roster wall to protect the terrace area of the house.
The look of this roster is in keeping with the exposed cement-style monolithic facade.
This makes the industrial and masculine impression of the building even stronger.
8. Roster facade on the second floor
Finally, you can try to include roster wall elements on the second floor facade.
On the ground floor, focus on creating large openings to catch the sun.
The presence of this roster wall makes the exterior of the house look more charming and unique from the outside.
Furthermore, the building seems to blend with the main wall of the roof.
Hopefully the information above is useful for jigiyaso.com friends.
Don't forget to check other interesting articles only at jigiyaso.com


Croswell Gets Federal Funding for Drinking Water Improvements
CROSWELL, MI – The City of Croswell received $1 million in Community Project Funding for Drinking Water Quality Improvements last week.
Congresswoman Lisa McClain, who represents Michigan’s 10th district which includes the City of Croswell, was in town late last week discussing the project and funding requirements with city officials and consultant Fleis & VandenBrink of Midland.
“Every person should have access to safe drinking water, and that wasn’t the case in Croswell,” McClain said. “This water improvement project will help fix the infrastructure so that community members can once again have access to clean water.”
For the first time in years, the House Appropriations Committee accepted Community Project Funding requests in 2021 for Fiscal Year 2022. The initiative allows members of Congress, like McClain, to target federal funds towards projects and programs in their respective congressional districts that address the most significant needs facing the communities they represent.
Each legislator was allowed to request funding for up to 10 projects in their community for Fiscal Year 2022. Projects were restricted to a limited number of federal funding streams, and only state and local governments and eligible non-profit entities were permitted to receive funding.
The money can only be used to replace inadequate water mains in Croswell with new mains constructed of modern acceptable materials.
“Failing infrastructure is always out of sight, out of mind,” said David Tait, Croswell’s city administrator. “But when it effects residents and water quality and service ability, it’s time to fix the problems.
“We are very thankful for this funding. It’s been a team effort.”
“We’re excited to assist the city in replacing undersized, four-inch main that are cast iron that are causing poor water quality, poor pressure and breaks in the line,” said Gary Bartow, F&V’s East Michigan Group manager. “This money is going to improve service leads from the main to the property lines and solve water reliability issues.”
The city, which has aging undersized water main in service for over 75 years, plans to replace water mains considered a high priority.
Those lines are starting to corrode and produce unsafe drinking water for residents. The city’s Water Department has been completing prescriptive measures from State of Michigan water staff and is starting to reach an impasse in formulating a quick-fix plan to increase water quality.
“The lines we’ll be replacing first are a train-wreck, with a lot of rust and iron deposits,” said Greg Alexander, the City’s Utility and Community Development director. “t’s not a four-inch pipe anymore. It’s a two-and-a-half inch with sediment. The water flowed through, but it was restricted.
“Our city’s aged-out infrastructure has reared its ugly head. With new mains being installed and proper maintenance going forward, we will protect the health safety and welfare of all of our city residents.”
City officials have been dealing with the water quality issue for years.
“Whenever we get surges in water and high usage in certain areas, it just turns the system upside down,” Alexander noted. “As we continue to replace water mains, we’re getting less and less sediment disturbance.”
The funding is coming from the Environmental Protection Agency. City officials and engineers are planning to discuss the project the EPA’s regional officer soon.
The project is expected to begin this fall and completed in the summer of 2023. The improvements will eliminate contamination caused by breaks or leaks and improve water pressure to safe levels.
“We’ll start with the higher priority lines until the money runs out and see how far we get,” Tait added. “And then we’ll have to come up with a game plan to attack the rest.
“If we can get this infrastructure rebuilt and replaced, we’ll be good for another 50-60 years!”


A New Water Source!
According to the San Diego Water Authority, San Diego is going to host the largest desalination project in the western hemisphere. This fall, 2015, Carlsbad is going to host this new water source. The one billion dollar price tag will include the desalination plant and ten miles of water pipeline to carry the refined water to the San Diego Water Authorities Twin Oaks Valley Water Treatment plant, where it will serve as a distribution point throughout the region.
Though costly now, it is expected to match traditional water import costs from outside entities by the mid 2020′s. As a landscaping company, we are excited that the plant is projected to produce seven percent of the counties needs in 2020. The new plant will provide water that is more “reliable” than water imported from outside agencies, reducing the county’s dependence and uncertainties due to droughts, regulatory restrictions, and natural disasters!
For more information, check out: http://www.sdcwa.org/.
(Photo from http://www.sdcwa.org/seawater-desalination)


Vision and Principles for the Improvement of Green Infrastructure in Buckinghamshire & Milton Keynes
The NEP, in conjunction with its experts and Partners across the sectors, has approved a new Vision and Principles for Green Infrastructure in Buckinghamshire & Milton Keynes, along with a set of 9 Principles which should be followed to achieve the Vision by 2030. This document builds on the Buckinghamshire Green Infrastructure Strategy, produced in 2009. The new Vision and Principles document responds to expected unprecedented levels of housing growth and emphasises the need for well-designed and planned, connected green infrastructure managed into the long term, to contribute to the delivery of objectives and targets for Buckinghamshire’s environment, health and economy. The NEP will use the document to help influence Green Infrastructure planning and delivery across the county, including in responding to consultations on Local Plans.
The final document, our “Vision and Principles for the Improvement of Green Infrastructure in Buckinghamshire & Milton Keynes” was approved in September 2016 and is available to download: Principles for the Improvement of Green Infrastructure
In 2018, in collaboration with our partners, the NEP Board also approved a map of Green Infrastructure Opportunities in Buckinghamshire & Milton Keynes.
The NEP’s Green Infrastructure and Health Task Group pooled expertise to develop the Vision and Principles document, which was approved by the NEP Board in September 2016.


The Otay River Restoration Project currently consists of two components; the 2016 Restoration Project and the Mitigation Bank Expansion Project. The 2016 Restoration Project included more than 38 acres of river, floodplain, and upland restoration in the most upstream portion of the river. This Project has entered the 5-year maintenance and monitoring period and is expected to meet all success criteria for year 1. The Mitigation Bank Expansion Project is a direct extension of the 2016 Restoration Project and consists of more than 250 acres of additional restoration of river, floodplain, and upland habitat, including depressional and vernal pool establishment. The Mitigation Bank is being implemented for future mitigation needs and restoration activities are expected to begin at the end of 2021. Credits will be available for purchase in 2022.
Why is Restoration Needed?
The Otay River Valley has a history of dam failure and flooding, which left the floodplain littered with sediment and debris. Savage Dam was reconstructed in 1918 and has remained intact since it’s rebuilding. Over the next several decades, the floodplain was mined for sand and gravel, continuing until the mid-1980’s. Due to dam failure, flooding, deposition and intensive harvesting of alluvium materials, the natural topography, hydrologic, and sediment transport functions of the Otay River have been altered. With no defined channel and a dominance of non-native invasive species, restoration was needed to get the river back to a naturally functioning system.


Florida Safety Officials Emphasize Preventing Pedestrian Accidents
Miami, FL (Law Firm Newswire) October 12, 2015 – The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) is taking its pedestrian safety information campaign to high schools across the state as part of an effort to reduce accidents.
About 27 percent of all Florida roadway deaths involve pedestrians and bicyclists. Students are among the most vulnerable, as they often walk or bike to school.
“Unfortunately, Florida has one of the highest rates of pedestrian traffic fatalities in the country,” said Jason Chalik, a Florida car accident attorney with Chalik & Chalik Injury Lawyers. “Pedestrians and bicyclists are particularly vulnerable to serious injuries and death in car accidents.”
Trenda McPherson, the Bicycle Pedestrian Safety Program Manager for FDOT, said that drivers, pedestrians and bicyclists all have a responsibility to help avoid accidents. She said that pedestrians should use crosswalks, bicyclists should ride in the direction of traffic and drivers should be alert to people on foot or on bikes, and share the road with them. McPherson said that dangerous practices like speeding and distracted driving are also major causes of accidents.
Scott Lagasse, Jr., a NASCAR driver and spokesman for Alert Today Florida, also spoke at the Florida high schools, reminding young drivers that they must be alert and yield or stop for pedestrians.
According to data compiled by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Florida was ranked as the worst state for pedestrian fatalities four years in a row. However, Florida is now ranked fifth worst, with a fatality rate of 2.46 per 100,000 in population. FDOT officials said the improvement can be attributed to its efforts to install bike lanes, crossing signals, warning signs and foot bridges across the state.Learn more at http://www.chaliklaw.com/. Chalik & Chalik Injury Lawyers 28 W Flagler St, #1000 Miami, FL 33130 Phone: (305) 944-2035


County looks to fix standing water issue in Clarendon Hills
Updated: February 11, 2013 6:41AM
CLARENDON HILLS — The DuPage County Division of Transportation is addressing an issue of periodic standing water on the pavement at 55th Street and Bentley Avenue.
The county completed a $4.4 million improvement of 55th Street recently, but the standing water has continued to be an issue.
Paul Krueger, the project engineer for the Division of Transportation, said Monday he was made aware of the standing water about a week earlier.
“There’s an existing inlet holding water there,” he said. “It’s not a problem, but it’s something we’re going to try to have our maintenance department fix.”
Krueger said the standing water issue was there prior to the start of the road project in April.
Road improvements were completed from Holmes Avenue in Clarendon Hills west to Williams Street, which is at the western edge of Westmont, about seven blocks west of Cass Avenue.
The 55th Street project included widening and reconstruction/resurfacing of the roadway. Also included in the project are drainage improvements and construction of a median; the installation of left turn lanes and a traffic signal at Clarendon Hills Road; traffic signal replacement at Cass Avenue; additional sidewalks along 55th Street where none currently exist; and installation of retaining walls to minimize impacts to adjacent properties.


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DSI PolyRail vinyl deck railing is a preferred choice for homeowners looking for a railing system that is affordable, durable, attractive, and adds value and curb appeal to a home. Available in a variety of styles that range from traditional to contemporary, DSI vinyl deck and porch railing combines beauty and long-lasting durability. DSI vinyl deck railing is lightweight and easy to install and is both contractor and DIYer friendly. All PolyRail deck railing can be obtained with matching gates that come with high strength residential hinges and latches that are available in a choice of colors. For nighttime illumination, Magena Star lighting is available to provide safety and beauty to a DSI vinyl deck railing and stair railing.


The “Fatal Four” Hazards in the Construction Industry
There is an inherent risk construction workers face every day at work. Construction is a dangerous field full of hazards. Despite the wide-ranging hazards construction workers face, there are four types of hazards that are responsible for the majority of fatalities in the construction industry. These four types of hazards are falls, struck-by, caught-in between, and electrocution.
Falls in Construction
In 2020, there were 351 fatal falls to a lower level out of 1,008 construction fatalities (BLS data). OSHA requires employees to be tied off during work at six feet of height or greater if fall prevention measures are not present, but there are many companies that do not protect their workers from falls. The majority of employees who died due to a fall did not have any fall protection or the fall protection was inadequate.
Electrocutions in Construction
Electrocutions followed falls in the cause of fatalities in the construction industry. There are multiple causes of electrocution fatalities. The common types of electrocution fatalities include direct contact with an energized powerline, direct contact with energized equipment, contact between a boom and energized powerline, damaged equipment, and indirect contact with an energized powerline.
Struck-by incidents are responsible for almost the same number of fatalities in the construction industry as electrocutions each year. There are many struck-by hazards on every construction site that can severely injure or kill workers on any given day. Common struck-by incidents include struck-by moving equipment, struck-by falling objects, and struck-by flying debris.
The last of the fatal four hazards in the construction industry is caught-in/between incidents. OSHA defines caught-in/between hazards as injuries resulting from a person being squeezed, caught, crushed, pinched, or compressed between two or more objects, or between parts of an object. Two examples of caught-in/between incidents include excavation cave-ins and being pulled into moving
equipment such as a conveyor.
This was just a quick overview and examples of the fatal four hazards in the construction industry. It is important that construction workers understand that these types of hazards are responsible for the majority of injuries and fatalities in their field of work. In your work, today, evaluate your work tasks and work area for these hazards.


2847 Devine St
Columbia, SC 29205
On Duty personnel
Growth was something which the City of Columbia realized in 1943, when Station 9 was constructed in Shandon at 2847 Devine Street. Station 9 was temporarily moved to 802 Maple Street on October 24, 1994 and the old station was demolished and a new station constructed on site. When completed, Company 15 was to be renumbered Ladder 9 and relocated to the new station. The Shandon Rose Garden, tended by Proctor Davis, was integrated into the front of the station on November 11th
In 1996, A new Pierce 102 foot “quint” was delivered to Ladder Company 9.


Calgary will start construction on an event centre that will be the new home of the NHL’s Flames in August, 2021.
Calgary’s municipal land corporation revealed Wednesday the design architects and construction companies chosen to spearhead the $550-million project.
The venue that will replace the 37-year-old Saddledome is scheduled for completion in May, 2024.
The city and Calgary Flames and Entertainment agreed in 2019 to split the cost of the new building on a parcel of land just north of the Saddledome on the downtown’s east side.
The event centre is one phase of a revitalization plan for the area along with expansion of a convention centre on the Calgary Stampede grounds.
The look of the arena will come from a partnership between the Calgary design company Dialogue and the American international architectural and engineering firm HOK, according to a statement from the Calgary Municipal Land Corporation (CMLC).
Dialogue’s recent projects include Calgary’s Central Library and cancer centre as well as an airport expansion.
HOK was the design leader for Edmonton’s Rogers Place, Detroit’s Little Caesars Arena and Atlanta’s Mercedes-Benz Stadium.
Calgary’s CANA, which built the original Saddledome, and U.S.-based Mortenson Construction earned the construction contracts.
Mortenson’s resume includes the Xcel Energy Center in St. Paul, Minn., the Chase Center in San Francisco, Allegiant Stadium in Las Vegas, and the Seattle Center Arena.
“As we move forward with the development of this facility, we are confident this project team brings the experience, leadership and ambition to realize the full potential of what the event centre provides Calgary,” Flames president and chief executive officer John Bean said Wednesday in a statement.
“With their experience of large-scale sport and entertainment facilities, we know that Calgary’s new event centre will be a source of civic pride for many years to come.”
Calgary Sports and Entertainment also owns the CFL’s Stampeders, Western Hockey League’s Hitmen and National Lacrosse League’s Roughnecks.


Fayetteville, in North Carolina, houses over two hundred thousand people, with so many interesting sites such as Cape Fear Botanical Garden, the Special Operation Museum and the Museum of Cape Fear Historical Complex. In Fayetteville, North Carolina Paving Pro’s offer the best quality paving services, ranging from residential paving services to special paving services. These services include installations, repairs, and also replacements. The types of paving services offered include;
These paving contractors have expertise in driveway seal coating and parking lot paving, with the crew having great skill in perfect paving that would satisfy any client. If you need your residency to have smooth and straight asphalt, contact Paving Contractor Fayetteville NC for an excellent job.
They offer a wide variety of paving services ranging from commercial paving installation, maintenance and new constructions to repairs and resurfacing services.
When it comes to resurfacing, the crew involved ensures that they come up with a cost-effective solution to resurfacing and new installations that will favor the client on just about any pavement.
Here, the painting and marking done should be up to par with the city standards of parking slots. These contractors are equipped with the required skill and items to do a good job.
Residential driveways require proper maintenance and perfect installation to last for years. North Carolina Paving Pro’s offer these services anywhere in the world.
These type of paving services offered by the Paving Contractors are of high quality, extensive and a hundred percent reliable, and involve a lot more;
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This type of paving can take place on your private road, driveway or even in your yard. The Paving Pro’s’ crew can quickly do it.
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Such projects include a private tennis court, a basketball court or a garden pathway. All of these projects are within the capabilities of the paving contractors.
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When your driveway requires immediate grinding and pulverizing, the North Carolina Paving Pro’s offer the best services within a relatively short period, favoring the client in the best possible way.
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Pavement markings are vital signs to all road users since they direct the user on where to park and where not to. The Paving Pros carefully mark roads to assign the spaces for driving and parking correctly. Spearfishing Tips & Guides – Max Smirnov Website
3. The paving contractors have experience in new construction as they have worked hand-in-hand with local contractors for decades, gaining proficient skill.
Driveway Paving Services
These contractors offer skilled services ranging from driveway installations, repairs and resurfacing to driveway seal coating. The precision applied ensures perfect results of the driveways constructed.
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The services offered not only include parking lot paving, but also excavation, grading of the slots, compacting and laying of the pavement spaces to make them stronger and durable.
For all those who are in need of such paving services, the Paving contractors in Fayetteville will do an exemplary job for you, leaving any client as happy as a clam at high water; previous clients can attest to that.


AC Paving a California based company serving Oakland, Stockton, Modesto, Fremont, Hayward & Walnut Creek that specializes in asphalt, concrete, paving, grading, and backhoe services. Our company offers a variety of services from asphalt and concrete paving, to seal and striping services.
AC Paving has been a leader in the construction paving field and offer excellent service. We have been established since 1991. Our team has the knowledge and skills to get your job done right, on time with your budget in mind.
Asphalt Paving, Grading, & Concrete Paving
In addition to providing earth work, we install commercial and industrial parking lots.
Also, we provide asphalt and paving services such as repairs, new construction, sealcoating, striping, and comply with all ADA rules and regulations. Our paving company provides expert services in areas including:
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The earthquake in Japan will affect China's future import and export of construction machinery
On the afternoon of March 11, an earthquake measuring 8.8 on the Richter scale struck Japan and triggered a tsunami. So far, according to the Japanese National Police Agency, many people in Yamada have died due to the tsunami. The entire village in the Hosoura area of Ofunadu City was swept away by the tsunami and suffered heavy damage. There are about 100 buildings in the Ayasato area of Sanriku, and about 200 buildings in the Echikirai area collapsed due to the tsunami. In addition, there were also heavy casualties in the counties in the earthquake zone. The Great Earthquake seriously affected the rapidly developing Japanese economy. For the reconstruction work after the disaster, the editor of China Construction Machinery Business Network believes that the reconstruction of infrastructure will have an impact on the import and export situation of Japan's future construction machinery market.
The Japan Meteorological Agency said that the earthquake that afternoon was the highest magnitude in Japan's recorded earthquake history, and it was an inverse fault-type earthquake that occurred at the junction of plates. Sun Shiwei, former chief earthquake forecaster at the China Earthquake Network Center, said in an interview last night that the destructive power of the earthquake in Japan is equivalent to more than 20 Wenchuan earthquakes.
As of the press release, China Construction Machinery Business Network has not responded to calls to Japanese companies in the industry, and the damage is still unclear. According to Japan's Kyodo News Agency, the epicenter of the earthquake was located in the Pacific Ocean east of Miyagi Prefecture, with a depth of 10 kilometers, and the earthquake in Tokyo, the capital of Japan, was strongly felt. People poured out of the building, and there were reports of buildings catching fire and smoking in many places.
Experts say it is not yet known whether changes in the earth's crust that triggered a 10-meter tsunami in northeastern Japan will increase the chances of a major earthquake in Tokyo. This may even reduce the chances of a super-earthquake in Tokyo. According to the survey, most of the headquarters of Japanese construction machinery companies in the industry are located in Tokyo, and the current loss situation is not estimated.
The Bank of Japan issued a statement on its website saying it would do its best, including providing additional liquidity to keep financial markets stable. A Hong Kong-based economist said that overall, Japan's major industries did not appear to have been affected by the quake. Any fluctuation in Japan's export sector will inevitably have an impact on an economy that has stagnated at the end of the past 20 years. Japan's GDP fell by 0.3% in October-December, and GDP in the fourth quarter fell by 1.1% from the previous quarter. According to the analysis of relevant experts, the earthquake in Japan may affect 1% of Japan's annual GDP.
Senior analysts at China Construction Machinery Business Network believe that Japan will face large-scale post-earthquake reconstruction and infrastructure construction after the earthquake. Construction machinery companies such as Komatsu, Hitachi, Takeuchi, and Kobelco Construction Machinery will certainly provide a large number of equipment for the construction of the motherland, so it may affect the export volume of Chinese products. Especially in the field of excavators, Japan is one of the main importers of used excavators from China.
In addition, the state's investment in infrastructure construction will surely drive the rapid development of Japan's construction machinery and construction machinery and equipment. Highways, railways, and people's livelihood infrastructure will drive the market sales of road machinery, concrete machinery, construction machinery, etc., and also have a certain impact on the export of domestic enterprises. Taking China's 4 trillion investment as an example, the pulling effect on construction machinery has been obvious, which shows that the Japanese market will have a certain impact on the entire import and export of construction machinery in the future at least in 2011.


"Mad Men" star John Slattery says not in my back yard.
The actor, who plays advertising executive Roger Sterling on the hit television drama, has joined with a local architect to propose an alternative plan for a new sanitation building on the same site that would house fewer garbage trucks, be more environmentally friendly and serve as the base for a 3-acre rooftop park.
New York City officials say the new building on Spring Street will get trucks off the street and into a garage and will provide the trucks direct access to the West Side Highway.
But Slattery says his neighbors are worried about pedestrian safety, with garbage trucks expected to add hundreds of visits to the neighborhood each day.
Jason Post, a spokesman for Mayor Michael Bloomberg, told the New York Daily News the city plans to free up nearby space currently used by the sanitation department and convert that space into parkland.


KSA’s construction sector contributes around 8 per cent of Saudi Arabia’s total GDP, making it the largest construction market in the Middle East and is expected to continue its growth in the next few years with the value of projects planned and under way estimated to be over $999bn (SAR3.75tr).
Around 67 per cent of construction investment is direct from the government with large-scale projects in the sector for the coming years set to reach $800 billion.To complement the growth and development across Saudi, the government has made its largest allocation of $168bn (SAR630bn) for the 2015 budget toward the transport and infrastructure sector.
However, with the expected slowdown due to reduction in Oil & Gas prices coupled with deducted government investments, it calls for evaluation of the current construction practices and improvising them to make them future ready. There are many industries which can be benefitted from the pre-set structures such as Oil & Gas, Infrastructure and Urban Planning, Hospitality, Healthcare, Housing and Resorts to name a few.
Modular construction has evolved to work with levels of design and construction sophistication that exceeds all expectations of construction. Although, a range of challenges including scant design change possibilities, difficulties of transporting and lifting large scale modules coupled with shortage of local capabilities of prefabrication and modular construction cloud the said construction method vis-à-vis traditional method of construction.
Information Exchange Group is organizing the KSA Prefabrication and Modular Construction Summit which will provide opportunity to see various facets of Modular Construction from perspectives of Architects, Designers, Project Managers, Construction personnel, Procurement and Logistics among others. It endeavours to provide attendees exposure to various diverse aspects such as sustainability, manufacturing, construction, installation, quality control, procurement, transportation etc.
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Bike o the old railway that back in the days connected Bergkvara-Torsås-Gullabo.
The old railway embankment is today restored as a biking path and is also paved, most of the way. Some parts of the path can be overgrown, at these parts you can easily bike on the main road that goes along the railway. Along the railway you'll see the old station houses, that was used during the time the railway was in use.
The fist section, between Torsås-Bergkvara was opened in 1903 and is 5 kilometers. In May 1917 the section between Torsås-Gullabo opened, it is about 16 kilometers long. These sections makes it easy for you to chose to just bike one section or bike the whole railway. In 1966 the railway traffic was disused in Torsås Municipality.


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The unit is commonly known as krah pipe in China, and it takes high-density polyethylene (HDPE) resins as main material by hot winding molding process. It is winding structural wall pipe B with strong anti-pressure capability, and supported by polypropylene (PP) single wall corrugation pipe. The pipe has smooth surfaces inside and circular reinforced structure outside, and it also has high circular rigidity, strong impact resistance and melting sealing joint. It belongs to flexible pipe.
1.High-efficiency special extruder with high output and low energy consumption;
2.Special designed cladding moulds with improving the circular rigidity, easy disassembling and assembling;
3.European or Japanese ignition systems and flame detecting equipment,
automatically detects the flame working state, with high reliability and safety;
4.The demolding system takes platform towed demolding structure, with high demolding efficiency;
5.The production line takes PLC control system, and it can control the entire manufacturing process by Man-machine interface; the operator can finely adjust the production parameters according to the actual production status and the adjusted data can be saved in the control system.
Underground drainage, sewage, aeration and others in municipal construction areas;
Drainage for railway, highway, court and others in road engineering areas;
Nuclear power plants, steel mills, power plants, petrochemical plants, docks, stations;
Tidal flat, saline pool, riverbed, soft foundation expansive soil, earthquake zone and others in adverse environmental areas.


Modern day metal roofing has come a long way from the days of rain pouring down noisily over a tin roof. There’s a number of misconceptions associated with metal roofing, just like there are with crawl spaces. You’re able to use it with any style of building and it is at the same time resilient and reasonable. Permit me to dispel some of the common myths surrounding metal roofing.
1. It’s extremely noisy during a storm.
In reality it’s as quiet as any other roofing material. You’re very likely thinking of those old tin roofs that used to cover barns and cottages. This type of roofing is fitted over the old shingles or over plywood always keeping the noise to a minimum. So throughout bad weather or Florida hurricane season the wind will make more noise than your roof.
2. It costs too much.
Upfront yes, over the long haul no. Metal roofing is more costly than asphalt shingles but it will save you money in electricity and replacement expenses. Metal roofing is incredibly durable so you won’t need to replace it in 10 years. In very hot weather metal roofing helps reduce your energy costs. The fact is that you save around 50% on your energy expenses if you have it added by a competent professional.
3. Metal roofs are susceptible to lightning strikes.
Absolutely not, this is not factual either metal roofs do not increase your property’s likelihood of being struck by lightning. The charge is immediately dissipated in the rare case that your property is struck by lightning. Thanks to the metal roof not being flammable your roof will not catch on fire.
4. Your metal roof will rust in time.
The steel sheets of a metal roof are protected with zinc or aluminum to protect against rust. To withstand even the worst weather the coated metal is painted with high quality paint.
5. Metal roofs damage easily.
These kind of roofs are designed to last for decades withstanding hale, snow, winds and our Florida storms. The majority of metal roofs are graded to withstand wind blowing more than 120 mph. In comparison to regular asphalt shingles roofs after a storm are missing shingles and plywood, almost all metal roofs are nonetheless in top condition.
6. You can not walk on a metal roof without harming it.
Though you will not do any damage to your roof stepping on it if you are not very careful you may do some damage to yourself. The roof is perfectly ready of withstanding you walking on it; it is a smooth surface so make certain you have on the appropriate shoes. Don’t walk on your roof in the rain and keep off the surface when it is wet. Get in contact with the roofing company who put in the roof for the best way to properly walk on the surface.


Strategic Energy Systems (SES) provides consulting, engineering and design services for distributed power generation, electric vehicle supply equipment, carbon footprint assessment and reduction, renewable energy and green building enhancements. By focusing on both energy efficiency and innovative energy production, SES enables its clients to realize lower lifetime costs while utilizing environmentally friendly practices. The company is organized to provide service and value to our customers through all project stages.
When SES performs architectural and engineering services it embraces the best interests of its clients. SES is concerned with the "real bottom line." In proposing optimal technical improvements, SES recognizes it will significantly affect overall organizational performance. Part of the consultative process for such an effort is being very clear about the organizational goals. SES seeks to identify and discuss the processes, plus risks and benefits of various alternatives, to assist decision makers within the organization to weigh tradeoffs and make the best possible decisions.
SES provides design consulting services for commercial, industrial, institutional and residential site system design. By being involved in the early stages of new projects, SES optimizes efficiency and avoids the need for redesigning and retrofitting buildings for distributed generation, renewable energy and green design. Overall costs and project time are reduced when the right design and practices are put into place from the start. SES ensures that customers are on the right track from the beginning to the end of each project. Our engineering and design services enable us to provide services throughout project construction and in many cases throughout project lifetime.


Ever wonder what’s beneath the roads in Chicago?
Chicago–founded in 1837–has a maze of water pipes, cables, and tunnels that have accumulated over the city’s 180 year history. There are communication lines, both old and new, that crisscross the streets. Every day in the city, construction crews conduct something akin to open heart surgery each day to upgrade water main lines, repair gas lines, and even lay new fiber optic cable while removing telegraph wires. Of course, this is not unique to Chicago. In the United States, over 400,000 underground excavations take place each day. Since some of this information is outdated or not easily accessible, there is an excavation incident roughly every 60 seconds and causing an estimated $1.7 billion in costs.
The City of Chicago has teamed-up with UI Labs’ City Digital to launch a pilot with a that will begin to deploy a platform to collect and create a 3-D map of underground infrastructure. This platform will provide a clearer insight so engineers and crews can better plan their work, identify issues, and lower the overall time to complete underground excavations and reduce costs. By housing this information in a platform, it will allow the City of Chicago to securely share limited data with utilities and other organizations that need to understand what is below Chicago’s roads, while limiting to only sections that are needed to be known.
Digital maps do already exist of Chicago’s subsurface labyrinth. But these often represent construction plans. Sometimes crews go beneath the street only to find there is a need to improvise, often because they come across undocumented structures that impede their initial plans. This new approach will use basic digital cameras and sophisticated software to scan the actual underground assets in the city.
A project like this cannot be done alone. City of Chicago teamed up with UI Labs’ City Digital and their partners, HBK Engineering and Accenture, to kick-start this project.
New technology developed by University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign’s Real-Time and Automated Monitoring and Control Lab (RAAMAC) and Chicago start-up CityZenith will allow the city to scan and 3-D map Chicago’s underground assets.
One difficult part of a project like this is collecting the correct data that is economical and relies on widely available techniques. RAAMAC’s solution allows images captured from off-the-shelf cameras, such a basic DSLR camera.
Those images are inputted into RAAMAC’s software to create a stereoscopic image that renders a computer model of the underground infrastructure. Over a dozen images can be seemlessly captured during typical repair and construction adding no additional time for data collection. On-site engineers are able to collect this information without interfering with crews and with cameras that are affordable.
These renderings can be provided to engineers, planners, and crews. These models can also be securely shared between the City of Chicago and other companies with underground infrastructure to improve project planning and limiting accidents. Sharing can be limited to specific areas in the city so information does not get over-shared. For those with access, they will be able to see detailed renderings of the location of the underground infrastructure with rich metadata on each pipe, fiber optic connection, water main, and more:
[iframe width=”720″ height=”460″ src=”//player.vimeo.com/video/184039508″ frameborder=”0″ allowfullscreen]
The visualization will provide more than just a sophisticated interface. Having a full understanding of the city’s underground infrastructure will help avoid accidents that have a history of interrupting commutes or worse.


Wastewater Recycling And Re-Use As Solution To Water Stress In
Water stress as defined by the (European environment agency 2014) occurs when the demand for water during a certain period of time exceeds the available amount or poor quality exceeds its use. Water recycling is reusing treated wastewater for beneficial purposes such as agricultural and landscape irrigation and industrial processes (United States environmental protection agency 19951). The analysis of the various events leading to water stress or water scarcity to be broad has been done over the years in very many areas globally and regionally and different solutions have been arrived at by different experts. However, it is good to note here that the solutions are not globally applicable but specific to the problem and to the area. This project provides an overview of water stress in the region along with some brief review of the literature and an empirical background. It reviews the difficulties faced by water users in obtaining fresh water sources through direct interviews, direct observations and questionnaires, analyses the data collected and analyses the option of waste water recycling as the solution to water stress. This study will provide necessary information to water providers on how to reduce the deficits in supply and also help jog the minds of all stakeholders towards recycling and other technologies.


Complex management of the interior fit-out and management of all the internal suppliers of the client in Twin City Tower.
Project represented the first fit-out in a brand-new development, Twin City Tower in Bratislava. Our Project and Development Services (PDS) team was responsible for the fit-out of whole new premises in a very short time, while the requirements for the project had to meet the highest standards.
Moreover, PDS team covered the construction and supplier management including supplier tendering. For each trade, two to three suppliers were needed and each of them had a different lead time which made it hard to coordinate.
Even though there were many challenges within the project, PDS team handled the project perfectly. They were able to overcome the issues with supplying thanks to their agile approach and promptness.


April 16, 2012
The HSUS Works with Camp Selah Ministries to Prevent Campground Flooding Caused by Beavers
Innovative System Allows Campers and Beavers to Peacefully Coexist
Wildlife biologists with The Humane Society of the United States worked with a group of dedicated volunteers on Saturday, April 14, at Camp Selah Ministries in Sutherlin, Va., a faith-based camp, to implement an innovative device that will allow campers to coexist with a colony of beavers living at the camp. The device is designed to prevent the beavers’ dams from flooding the camp’s roads.
Earlier this year, the camp’s board of directors consulted with The HSUS to find a way to solve the problem of beavers building a dam that caused the camp’s roads to flood. The HSUS conducted a site evaluation and recommended that the camp install and maintain a water flow control device to prevent flooding and alleviate road damage attributed to beaver activity.
“Beavers are certainly one of God’s precious creatures, but they have proven challenging for Camp Selah,” said Sallye Hardy, chairman of the board of directors at Camp Selah Ministries. “Building their dams, they have caused significant damage to the roads getting into and out of the camp. To our delight, solutions abound. So in an effort to be good stewards of the property and these little fellows, we are partnering with The Humane Society of the United States to reach a ‘no-kill’ solution.”
“This is a win-win for Camp Selah and the beavers,” said Stephanie Boyles Griffin, senior director of wildlife response, innovations and services for The HSUS. “Installing a pipe system will not only solve the camp’s flooding problems—Camp Selah’s efforts to implement a humane, non-lethal solution to manage beaver activity will be a living testimony to its primary tool of ministry: embracing all of God’s creation.”
The newly implemented system consists of a flexible corrugated plastic pipe, usually between 8 inches and 15 inches in diameter. The device is installed by notching the existing dam and securing the pipe in the gap. The sound and feel of water running through the pipe stimulates the beavers to attempt repairing the dam at the site of the notch rather than at the pipe ends. Thus, the device “sneaks” water through the beavers dam and allows the upstream water level to be maintained at a depth that meets the camp’s needs. To prevent beavers from plugging the upstream end of the system with debris, a filtering device was also installed.
For more information, visit Camp Selah’s website at http://www.campselahministries.com/.
Media Contact: Stephanie Twining, 301-258-1491, firstname.lastname@example.org


The environmental quality objective A Good Built Environment aims to ensure that:
– settlement structures that are sustainable in the long term have been developed both when siting new buildings, facilities and enterprises, and when using, administering, and converting existing built environments, at the same time as buildings are sustainably designed,
– cities and other urban areas, and the connection between urban and rural areas, are planned on the basis of a coherent and sustainable approach to social, economic, environmental, and health-related issues,
– infrastructure for energy systems, transport, waste management, water supplies, and sewage systems is integrated into urban and other physical planning, and the siting and design of infrastructure are adapted to people’s needs, in order to reduce resource and energy use and climate impact, while taking into account natural and cultural heritage, aesthetics, health, and safety,
– public transport systems are environmentally friendly, energy-efficient, and accessible, and attractive, safe and efficient pedestrian, and cycle paths are available,
– there are good-quality and accessible natural areas and green spaces and corridors close to built environments,
– the cultural, historical, and architectural heritage in the form of valuable buildings and built environments, as well as sites and landscapes, are preserved, used and developed,
– the built environment is based on and supports people’s needs, facilitates experiences of beauty and pleasure, and offers a varied range of housing, workplaces, services, and culture,
– people are not exposed to harmful air pollution, chemical substances, high noise levels, radon concentrations, or other unacceptable health or safety risks,
– energy, land, water and other natural resources are used in an efficient, resource-saving and environmentally-friendly manner aiming to minimize their use and primarily choose renewable energy sources and
– waste management is efficient for society and easily used by consumers, waste is diminished, while the resources in waste are better used, and the impact of waste on health and environment are minimized.
No. It is not possible to achieve the environmental quality objective by 2020 on the basis of policy instruments already decided on or planned.


We were asked by one of our clients to help with their construction of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline. We have a long standing relationship, which has meant providing support for many similar projects and comprehensive solutions to any problems or issues raised along the way.
We were able to supply a wide range of products in this instance, which included cable, geotextiles and gabions. The supporting infrastructure was also catered for, which involved the supply and installation of accommodation, ablution, office blocks and restoration equipment for the construction crew. Every aspect was considered in fine detail such as air conditioning and consumables, even pool tables were provided for recreation.
During construction, the local government imposed a new requirement. The pipeline needed to be capable of preventing a full bore rupture as a result of mechanical interference, in the event of a security breach. We formulated a rapid response solution that was able to be manufactured immediately, meeting the given deadline.
As time was short, selecting the quickest possible delivery method was paramount. Air freight was the obvious choice, but due to the sheer size of the goods we agreed to charter an Antonov aircraft.
The photographs below show the containers being loaded into the cargo bay, just before takeoff:


A comprehensive plan and considered coordination of many small projects will help improve road conditions in south-west Victoria is needed, according to Western Victoria MP James Purcell.
Mr Purcell welcomed the $998,000 Roads to Market grant announced this week, contributing toward a $1.5 million Moyne Shire Council infrastructure upgrade to improve access for heavy freight vehicles from the farmgate to arterial roads.
"These works are most welcome, but they are just a small piece of a big puzzle that needs community input and careful planning to bring our roads up to minimum standards," he said.
Mr Purcell has introduced a number of campaigns to stimulate policy and funding for road issues in the region.
"We've worked every possible angle to bring attention to the issue," he said.
"We have ongoing work toward changing the status of the Princes Highway to a road of national importance, which will see funding from both state and federal budgets for upgrades on the main highway.
"Our 50 passing lanes campaign has seen overwhelming public support to increase passing lanes along that highway to make it safer for local traffic, freight and tourists," he said.
Mr Purcell said the recent establishment of a Country Roads group in Ballarat was a step in the right direction and he hoped this would allow for better coordination and planning on repairs and upgrades across the region.
His motion in November 2017 asked for a full government inquiry into VicRoads and its management of regional roads and called for the re-establishment of a Country Roads board.
"The interim report released last week has referred the problem to the next parliament. It's a big problem, one that VicRoads has preempted by establishing the Ballarat group and I really hope we'll start to see better coordination and management of funding, including small one-off grants such as this Roads to Market initiative.
The latest funding will go towards widening five kilometres of Staywood Road and Spring Flat Road and upgrading the Staywood Road and Spring Flat Road intersection, which will divert heavy traffic away from Warrnambool and create a 12.3 kilometre freight route.


This is a crucial step in that we engage clients in consideration of the budget, the construction schedule, and how essays to meet the set goals. Here we determine how to achieve the best value with the available resources.
We have machinery that is capable of effective excavation work in the construction site Our professionals are well qualified to ensure success at each stage of the write my essay for me excavation process. We also guide the clients in inspection procedures to ensure that the work is not affected by legal hurdles.
This step involves several other smaller stages. Here construction forms by the forms crew in conjunction with plumbing, heating and plumbing work. After this concrete pouring follows, including damp proofing, and stripping once the concrete is firm.
We work on a wide scope of structures including educational facilities, hotels, office complexes, churches, and so on. Whatever the project, be it commercial, residential or industrial, we are well equipped to handle it. Our expertise allows us to handle all forms of foundations including difficult curved walls and extensive projects for high rise buildings.
We also offer extension services for clients who want to improve on earlier constructions as well as conservatory services for damaged foundations.


Europacable and its members actively contributing to making sure CPR is a successPosted On: 04-07-2017 By: Katherine Eveland
The new Construction Products Regulation (CPR) is now in effect starting from the 1st of July, 2017. Its aim is to make sure safety comes first by requiring any cable product intended for use in construction works to meet the proper requirements on reaction to fire.
Europacable, the Association of Europe’s leading wire and cable manufacturers, is committed making sure it’s members actively contribute to the success of CPR and consumers in Europe.
Read Europacable’s full statement below or download a PDF version here >>Europacable-News-Flash


Price of an irrigation system varies depending on many factors, including property size, your preferences, budget and others.
Yes. To prevent foreign particles- dirt, algae, mineral sediments that can block irrigation system.
Prevent irrigation system from becoming plugged, extend time span of irrigation system & lower maintenance.
Yes, can replaced and we do selling.
|Windmill Disc Filter||1’’|
|Disc Filter Modular||1 ½’’ & 2’’|
|Screen Filter Modular||1 ½’’ & 2’’|
|Helix Disc Filter 120 mesh||2’’, 3’’|
|Helix Disc Filter 150 mesh||2’’, 3’’ & 4’’|
Typically installed upstream (above) of the irrigation system.
Disc and screen filter. Disc filter is full of round-stacked discs that allowed water to pass through but are excellent at catching organic material and sand. On the other hand, screen filter is common and inexpensive. It excellent in remove hard particles, but not so great at removing organic material.
It depends on how clean you water is. If have dirty water, clean the filter more often.
Sprinkler that spray water into the air and it breaks up into small water drop which fall to the ground which is similar to natural rainfall.
Water drip slowly from piping to the roots of plant or soil surface. It minimizes evaporation.
Valves are like gates that can be opened or closed to allow or prevent water to flow.
Butterfly valve, double flange swing check valve, double union ball valve, compact and threaded ball valve, spring foot valve, swing foot valve, ball foot valve, swing check valve, ball check valve, union , compression coupling
Union ball valve can be removed from the system and can be either repaired or replaced.
Foot valve normally installed with the pump or end of the pipeline. Foot valves act like check valve, which is prevent the reverse flow of water when the water pump or valve turned off. However, foot valve able to filter particles through its screen or shields.
An electro-mechanical valve that used to replace manual valve and commonly employed with timer or remote.
Reduce maintenance and conceal underground components that comprise an irrigation system.
A fertilizer injector inserts nutrient solutions directly into irrigation water which is then fed directly to the plants.
Fertilizers should be completely dissolved in a solution (usually water) prior to injection.
Normally fittings can be reused. Compression fittings can be removed from tubing with some difficulty, and some damage to the compression ring may result.
Improper installation or pressure not aligned with product specifications.
Windmill Irrigation Fittings
|DIFFERENCE||Penguin Compression Fittings|
Available in 16mm & 20mm
Available from 20mm-110mm
Clinching Ring, Rubber O’ Ring and Ring Cap
PVC Butterfly Valve, PVC Ball Check Valve, PVC Ball Foot Valve, PVC Union Ball Valve, PVC Swing Foot Valve Flanged End, Air Release Valve, Pressure Regulator Valve, PVC Coupling
Lever and gear type butterfly valve
Air release valve is designed to release small amounts of air from a pressurized line. It should be installed at high points of system where air tends to collect.
A valve that reduces the water pressures to a certain level, used when the incoming pressure is too high for emitters or fittings.


Roofs are the household’s primary guard against inclement weather. As such, it is important that you inspect your roof for any defect to ensure that your home will be well protected against downpours. Here are some of the most common roof components that need to be checked when making sure that your roof is ready for the coming rainy days:
- Gutters and roof valleys – Gutters and roof valleys can be clogged by debris, causing water to accumulate on the roof. Ponding water may lead to vulnerable areas prone to leaks and water damage.
- Flashing – Flashing is placed where the roof and the wall meet to prevent water from seeping into joints and seams, possibly causing water leakage. Damaged flashing may cause rain water to trickle down your indoor walls, causing discoloration and mold.
- Roof shingles – At least twice a year be sure to inspect roof shingles to see if there are any damaged or missing components.
If you have noticed any problems during your inspection, enlist the service of the professionals at Black Slate Roofing, LLC and have your roof repaired immediately by our team. Call our Texas office at (512) 969-6790 to schedule a roof repair appointment today.