Structural Steel Erection Services in Sioux Falls
Northwest Concrete Cutting and Crane Service has participated in multiple building expansions and remodels including the VA Hospital in Sioux Falls, Stockwell Engineering Building in Yankton, Brian Wiseman General Construction storage units, 50th Street Investors building expansion, Steel Canopy/Carport at Hotel Phillips, Northwest Iowa Community College expansion, and other various projects throughout Sioux Falls and the surrounding area. We offer an experienced staff that holds certifications in the following scopes: certified welders, certified crane operators, and certified rigging and signalmen.
“Muth Electric uses Northwest Concrete Cutting and Crane Service for several reasons. First, they are a family owned business with great leadership. Second, they have fair pricing, quality equipment and quick response times to meet schedules. Last, but most important, their entire staff from top to bottom works with the highest level of professionalism and safety at all times. Whether it is cutting concrete or lifting a 50,000 lb generator, we can count on them to take care of us and our customers in any situation.”
“The Contractor’s certified crane operator Logan Lueders demonstrated strong technical skills and knowledge in operating Fort Randall’s Grove RT300E mobile cranc for critical (blind) lifts at the Spillway and Outlet Works Stilling Basin. Logan provided safe and efficient operation, to include maneuvering (crab crawling) the mobile crane into the proper position at each location on two separate visits. Fort Randall staff mentioned that Logan was easy to work with, provided excellent service, shared technical knowledge of the crane, and signaling expectations. Final billing for the two trips to Fort Randall and respective hours of service was exactly what was provided and quoted.“
“We’ve been using Northwest Concrete Cutting & Crane Service for a year now and couldn’t have picked a better company to help us with our crane needs. They are quick to respond and always willing to work us in to their schedule. It’s been a pleasure working with Landon and their crane operators who ensure each site goes as smooth as


Homeowners and landowners planning home excavation projects. Examples include installing a pool or underground storm shelter, putting up a fence, planting a tree or a garden, or installing a sprinkler system.
cIn keeping with its mission to “provide…education to improve safety when excavating,” CBYD is proud to offer the excavating community a convenient, self-paced safety course. The Excavator Education Course covers a wide range of information including the CBYD process, excavation planning, excavation best practices, and Connecticut rules and regulations. After completion of the course and exam learners will receive a certificate acknowledging their successful completion. New learners can access the course by clicking the button below.
Digging responsibly is the only way to dig. The impact of unsafe or careless digging practices is real and often costly – in terms of personal injury and damage to underground utility lines, property and the environment. What’s more, calling CBYD before you dig is the law in Connecticut.


NPSH calculation allows us to know if there is cavitation risk for a pump. Cavitation may damage the pump. Pump manufacturers provide the required NPSH for a given operating point, this
value must be compared with the available NPSH of the installation. To be sure that the pump will work properly, required NPSH mush be below available NPSH, also considering some safety margin.
Water temperature: ºC
(1) Vapor pressure: m
Density: kg / m 3
(2) Relative pressure -P- in the tank or suction pipe (*):
(3) Pump elevation above water level - Z - (**): m
(4) Pressure drop in the suction pump:
Altitude above sea level: m
(5) Atmospheric pressure:mbar
Available NPSH (2)+(3)+(5)-(4)-(1): m
(*) P is the relative pressure in the tank or pipe. If the tank is not pressurized, this value will be zero.
(**) Z is the difference between water level and the axis of the suction connection of the pump. If the pump is above water level, this value will be negative. .
If what we know is the relative pressure of point 1, the calculations are simpler as we can indicate P = pressure in point 1, Z=0 and pressure drop in inlet temperature also zero.


SG Contract, with head offices in Lugano, Switzerland, is focused on providing a professional high standard of customer service to airports all around the Middle East.
ICAO AND FAA COMPLIANCE
With the commitment to provide the best customer service, we offer the following services:
• Airfield Lighting Installations
• Airfield Lighting Photometric Testing
• Coring and Saw Cutting
• Electromechanical Installations
• Specialized AGL Technical and Supervision Staff
• Runway Rubber Removal
• Road Marking Removal
• Airport Marking
• Consultancy and Design
In partnership with premium brands and leading manufacturers, we supply high quality equipment:
• Airfield Ground Lighting Materials
• Photometric Testing Equipment
• Coring and Saw Cutting
• Machines Airport Runway Sweepers
• Airport Fence and Security Equipment
• Coring in Concrete and Asphalt up to Ø600 mm
• Slot Cutting for Installation of Secondary Cable
• Mixing of Grout Materials for Shallow Base Installation and Cable Sealant along Cable Routes
• AGL Installation Levelling and Alignment Works
AIRFIELD LIGHTING PHOTOMETRIC CALIBRATION
Mobile System installed on the front of a standard vehicle. Measurements are made as the vehicle travels over the lights at a speed up to 60 km/hr. Used for both inset and elevated light installations.
Can be used on any light source giving an illumination of more than 10 lux.
Test report provides the candela value of each light, and identifies any defect requiring action to be taken (Measures the average intensity of the main beam in candelas, its maximum intensity as well as the colour and elevation settings of the lights). Can be used to monitor light ageing by comparing the test results with previous runs.
Alignment Control best ensured by using video monitor fed by a camera fitted to the system.
Since October 2003, airports have to submit ICAO compliancy reports at regular intervals.
SUB-STATION ELECTRICAL CABLING AND EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION
AIRFIELD LIGHTING AND VDGS INSTALLATION
A comprehensive range of services; including installation of airfield lighting, information signage, design and build of airfield lighting control systems, can be provided by SG Contract.
SG Contract provides specialist airfield lighting expertise forged with long term experience with qualified professionals on hand to resolve any installation, maintenance and design issues any airport may have.
Upon completion of installation works, we provide a complete service by offering a comprehensive maintenance package.
This can include measurement of photometric performance of installed airfield lighting and the provision of routine maintenance and repairs.


Pxd Stacker Parking System Made in China with Ce
|FOB Unit Price:||US $3,000 US $2,900|
|Purchase Qty. (Pieces)||FOB Unit Price|
|Production Capacity:||1000sets/Per Month|
|Transport Package:||Standard Exporting Package|
|Payment Terms:||L/C, T/T|
- Model NO.: PXD
- Working Mode: Unmanned
- Falling Prevention Device: Pull-Type
- Design: Cherish
- Lift Mode: Hydraulic Cylinder
- Colour: Blue and White
- Construction: Two Oil Cylinders+Two Chains
- Unlock The Way: Manual Unlocking or Electric Unlock
- Steel: Q235A
- Trademark: Cherish
- Origin: China
- Type: Parking Lift
- Driving: Hydraulic
- The Vehicle Inlet and Outlet: Down
- Certification: CE, ISO
- Voltage: 220V
- Drive Mode: Hydraulic
- Surface Treatment: Spraying Plastics or Galvanized
- Electric Parts: International Brand
- Electric Control Voltage: 24V Safety Control
- Specification: 4592*2815*6854
- HS Code: 84254290
This equipment seek parking spaces by the vertically and horizontally moving of the stacker or
bridge crane and park/unpark
cars by the sliding equipment on the stacker or bridge crane.The park/unpark process can be seen
in below diagram.
1.There's no need of ramp,so that can save land area and the parking capacity density is big to take
full use of space.
2.Park/unpark automatically and easily,can park/unpark by a button press.
3.The most suitable building place is the large garage with short tunnel but multistory.
4.Equipped with safety protection device,ensure safety and reliable to avoid various accidents.
5.Adopt photoelectric safety inspection to control the dimension and quantity of parking cars.
6.Generally do not need forced ventilation and there's no large area lighting,energy saving.
|Suitable Parking Cars||**|
|Motor power||Lift Motor||15-30KW|
|Rated speed||Lift Speed||15-40m/min|
|Motor and Steel Rope|
|Button ,IC Card and Touch Panel|
20-30 days after received the prepayment.
20' container load:10-12 sets; 40' container load: 20-24 sets.


Thursday, December 9, 2010
Even. San Francisco Federal Building
The new San Francisco Federal Building is one of the most
exciting structures that has been built in San Francisco in
recent years. A dramatic and futuristic image conceals an
enormous complexity of sustainable design principles that
give form, up to the last detail, to this remarkable building.
The building occupies a large lot at the intersection of
Seventh and Mission Streets and is well set back in order
to allow the development of a large open public plaza.
Three structures define the boundaries of this new public
space: a slender 18-story tower running NE-SW, a
perpendicular 4-story annex that is linked to the local
existing neighborhood scale, and finally a free standing
cafeteria pavilion that is located close to the corner of both
streets. Besides the cafeteria, a number of public facilities
are housed within the tower building’s lower level including
a conference center, a fitness center, and a day care center
open to local residents as well as employees.
With this oasis-like great public space in a neighborhood
scale and the dramatic image of the big tower in a urban
scale that is very visible from the freeway that connect
with the Bay Bridge, the project has became a new urban
landmark. Together with this accomplished design
objective, much more has been written about the other
two primary project strategies: sustainable building design
strong principles and a new definition of the culture of the
workplace. The building design and orientation allow
maximum natural airflow for cooling and ventilation and
include natural daylight for the big majority of the office
interiors, maximizing energy efficiency.
A smart decision in this context is the fact that the building
is fully air conditioned in the five lower levels where the
highest concentration of people and equipment are located.
Above these levels a sophisticated window system
technology, part of the BAS or Building Automated System,
allows the building to breathe by opening and closing
windows automatically so natural fresh air can be let in.
Consistently with this automated technology other design
decisions as sunscreen were developed as part of the SE
elevation material or translucent sunshades into the NW
façade that break the negative impact of low sun radiation.
As far as the redefinition of the culture of
the workplace some strategies used are
-New horizontal and vertical circulation
paths give employees opportunities for
chance meetings; -A radically different
layout of the typical office space
arrangement with open work areas at
the building perimeter and private office
and conference spaces at central cores
producing more “democratic” working
-Skip stop elevators that stop every
third floor and along with the opening
to spacious three-story high lobbies
promote exercise through use of central
-The sky garden located at 11th, 12th
and 13th floors with spectacular views
-Monumental scale lobby at street
level provides a great setting for
informal meetings and social interaction.
Much of the research done for this
building was further developed by
Morphosis in their Caltran District 7
Headquarters in Los Angeles.


Dam levels in Free State province have continued to steadily decline on the back of a lack of rainfall in the past couple of days.
According to figures released by the Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) in the province on Wednesday (16 January), although the overall provincial dam level of 73.4% recorded this week, is slightly above the 65.9% from the same period last year, water levels in different dams have continued to recede in recent weeks.
“The current decline in dam levels can be attributed to lower than normal rainfall and the heat wave experienced in most parts of the province,” read part of the statement released by DWS Communications Manager, Larry Crisp.
According to this week’s dam reports, Kalkfontein Dam is currently 22.1% full; Sterkfontein is at 94.0%, Gariep Dam is 71.9%; Krugersdrift Dam is at 38.2%; Groothoek Dam is at 39.4%; Rustfontein Dam decreased from 27.1% last week to 26.8% while Fika Patso Dam is now at 37.2% capacity.
The department has, therefore, urged consumers to use water sparingly and ensure that the resource is preserved at all times.
“The Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) wishes to remind water users that the 20% water restrictions status quo still remains. We appeal to communities, including businesses, across the spectrum to use the resource with extra care. DWS also appeals to communities to fix leaks and burst pipes in and around their homes. Pipe burst from the main line should be reported to local municipalities,” said Crisp.
DWS measures dam levels across the country weekly in order to take informed decisions regarding the distribution of water to relevant dams for consumption by communities.


The next Annual Summit of the World Built Environment Forum takes place 27-28 March 2017 in Shanghai. The Summit is a unique meeting place for key figures representing all aspects of the built environment sector. It offers a powerful blend of thought leadership and practical application.
Industry leaders, decision makers, practitioners and experts from real estate, infrastructure and construction will come together to discuss the most pressing challenges facing the sector, with a particular focus on Asia:
- The impact of global macro trends on the built environment. What strategies should we adopt to take account of disruptive changes in order to create and sustain vibrant real estate markets, and to fund infrastructure and construction needs?
- The One Belt One Road programme will be the key reference point. What lessons do the world’s leading gateway cities, and cities in China hold for cities along the Belt and Road.
- How can Chinese cities attract investment and how can cities globally compete for Chinese foreign direct investment in infrastructure and real estate?
We are delighted to announce that the Opening Keynote will be delivered by Dr Wang Wen, Executive Dean, Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies, Renmin University of China. The Institute is a central source of advice to the Chinese Government on the development of One Belt One Road.
What is the World Built Environment Forum?
The World Built Environment Forum is a global network of built environment professionals and their stakeholders aimed at combining knowledge, skills and resources in order to create and manage the built environment that global populations need. It sets the standard for dialogue and co-operation that is vital for the sector by taking leading research and insight to develop leading solutions.
The Forum consists of an online community of built environment leaders, an Annual Summit and a series of related regional conferences in Asia, Africa, North America and Europe. Key global themes for the Forum are:
• migration and urbanisation
• housing supply and affordability
• infrastructure and resilience
• technology and data
• climate, carbon & resource scarcity
• responsible growth
Find out more：


Intellectual Property/Patent Law
Suite A712, Golden Towers, No.2 Qinghua Donglu,
Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
Tel: +86-10-8283 7725/7726
Fax: +86-10-8283 7727
Since joining the profession in 1985, Yiyan Cheng has
focused his practice in the areas of Patent Prosecution.
Ms. Cheng was the professor who specialized in hydraulic
and civil engineering before her IP career. She has
extensive experience on technical research.
Hydraulic Engineering, Environment, Biological Technique
Professional & Community Activities
All-China Patent Agents Association.
China Agriculture University, B.S. Agriculture Engineering


With the technological boom of the last century came a huge increase in construction capability, and rivers, seas or valleys which were once thought to be completely uncrossable were finally overcome by the advent of numerous new, spectacular bridges. So in honour of these incredible engineering achievements, we have selected our favourite few bridges from around the world. We have the very old, the very new, the very-nearly-finished, the very long and of course the ones which just look very, very cool. Take your pick!I've climbed the Sydney Harbor Bridge and ridden a bike across the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco. I've also seen the San Diego-Coronado Bridge from a distance and used to pass the Akashi-Kaikyo bridge on the train when I took business trips to Japan. I'd love to see the rest!
(HT Tyler Cowen)


Training Sessions Focus on PACE Financing & Sustainable Business Development in Los Angeles Region
The Los Angeles Better Buildings Challenge (LABBC) held the first of what will be a regular series of workshops on the PACE financing program, in partnership with Sustainable Real Estate Solutions, Inc. (SRS).
The informational workshop series discussed the advantages of Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) Financing, how the LABBC-SRS team can help to prequalify projects for PACE financing, and how the LABBC can support energy professionals in communicating the business case.
The Growing Your Business: PACE Financing & Sustainable Business Development sessions are ideal for energy consultants, contractors, energy auditors, ESCOs, project developers, facility managers, building engineers, and architects who are interested in sharing PACE funding options with their clients.
PACE funding covers up to 100% of project costs, requires no out-of-pocket expense, and generates immediate cash flow for building owners – even on projects that might otherwise appear financially infeasible.
“SRS’s experience over the past two years providing support to the state of Connecticut’s PACE program has led to a highly streamlined, standardized, technically sound and transparent underwriting methodology,” said McCarter. “The process designed by the CT Green Bank and SRS has earned the confidence of building owners and capital providers that projects technically and financially underwritten, according to this methodology, will achieve the projected energy and dollar savings forecast.”
“SRS’s PACE market leadership, including the development of state-of-the-art tools to streamline and standardize the energy and water efficiency investment underwriting process, has been instrumental in advancing industry best practice,” said David Hodgins, Executive Director of LABBC. “LABBC is delighted to partner with SRS to enable LA County contractors and LABBC Partners to fully-leverage the benefits of PACE financing to meet their property modernization needs, while capturing compelling energy savings”.


PROJECTS ›› Selected Experience In System Development Charges (SDC)
City of Sutherlin, Oregon
Water SDCs were completed in January 2008 to allow the process of funding upgrades and to replace the existing
Cooper Creek Water Treatment Plant to accommodate growth for the next 10 years. Recommended distribution system
improvements and a portion of planned upgrades to the Umpqua Basin Water Association water treatment plant have
also been done in anticipation of these future projects.
City of Drain, Oregon
System development charges are utilized in the city of Drain, as in other cities, to fairly distribute the costs
of building and maintaining water and wastewater systems. The city needs a fair way to pay for that portion of new
development required to support new arrivals and for new infrastructure planned and required only because it is
needed to accommodate new growth. Drain periodically reviews its SDC charges as do most cities, large and small.
Population and equipment surveys were performed and assessed, and a revised (new) system development study was
written to guide future planning for growth and needs of the community.
City of Bandon, Oregon
Updated SDCs were prepared for city services for Water, Wastewater, Drainage and Flood Control,
and Transportation. In cooperation with City staff, a survey of existing businesses was compiled to
project future service demands. Because of projected higher SDC fees requiring a public vote, several
public presentations were required to educate the public on the purpose of and basis for the derived
SDCs. In addition to providing education regarding the methodologies of the program, information was
provided comparing the proposed Bandon SDCS with those of other similar communities. A unified method
of assessment was also developed to streamline the SDC fee determination process for both City Staff
and new customers.
City of Brookings, Oregon
SDCs were prepared for City Services for Water, Wastewater, Drainage and Flood Control, Transportation,
and Parks and Recreation. Master plans were out-of-date so a new capital improvement plan was developed
for all utilities. At the same time, revisions to ordinances were provided to enable the program. The
wastewater SDC for Brookings required special analysis to accommodate the contractual arrangements with
the Harbor Sewer District. SDCs are now being updated to accommodate increasing growth.


humphry davy determined the nature of chemical bonds.
the ground water refers to water present in the under earth in the cracks or pores or similar spaces.we majorly depends upon this sources of water specially in rural area.
it in irrigation and also serve as drinking water supply.
the words or phrases which identify layer of ground water are:
a) water table: the uppermost water saturated layer
b) kettle lake: it is an underground lake (not ground water)
c) saturation zone : this is the zone of water below the water table
d) undergound lake: this is kettle lake (not ground water)
e) sink hole: not a layer of ground water
so the layers of ground water are
a) water table
b) saturation zone
the answer is:
12.00 g of carbon-12.
according to the molar ratio in the equation, for every 1 mole of hcl, 1 mole of nacl is formed.
thus, if 1.9 mol of hcl is used up in the reaction, 1.9 mol of nacl is formed.
so the answer is 1.9 mol of nacl.


Geotechnical Engineering Services (GES) is an IAS Accredited firm founded in 2005 offering excellent geotechnical services in the NYC and Northern NJ area. These services include:
-Foundation Design and Analysis
-Retaining Wall Design and Assessment
-Oversight of Sheeting/Shoring Installation
Geotechnical Engineering Services P.C. and
our employees believe in building towards a bright future with our main goal to provide our clients with exceptional service. That is why GES employs an
excellent staff including both Professional Engineers licensed in New York and
New Jersey as well as young professionals possessing an Engineer in Training
designation. Our employees have achieved Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees from
various prestigious universities in the northeast and all strive to better
their careers and build their professional status.
GES carries all industry standard insurance including workers' compensation along with general and professional liability insurance.


We are shortlisted in consultancy and project of the year categories.
Sustainability 'Speed Networking' event held at our London HQ
We were delighted to welcome professionals from across the industry to our London offices for a sustainability networking event last month.
The Sustainability 'Speed Networking' event was held as part of the Climate Crisis Challenge Campaign, which is being run by Property Week in association with the UK Green Building Council.
The event was themed around the need for radical collaboration to answer the climate emergency, with sustainability experts and industry professionals meeting to discuss what more the built environment sector should, and could, be doing.
Hosted by Property Week editor Liz Hamson, the event saw a range of topics up for discussion, from reforming the planning system, the best ways to ensure social justice, green finance and biodiversity.
You can read an article about the event HERE.
How we helped reimagine a London landmark.
The practice is named Engineering Consultant of the Year.
Commercial scheme in contention for UK's top architectural award.


Röhlig-Grindrod with own Block Train Solution
Röhlig-Grindrod and Grindrod Intermodal have launched together their own Block Train Solution, connecting the port of Durban to Johannesburg.
Röhlig-Grindrod and Grindrod Intermodal together have launched their own Block Train Solution, connecting the port of Durban to Johannesburg. The fifty-wagon private-rail siding facility was constructed by Grindrod Intermodal at their seven-month-old Grindrod Intermodal facility in Denver. Containers are loaded direct from vessel in Durban port and taken to Grindrod’s private siding facility in the Gauteng Intermodal Terminal in Denver in an average transit time of 40 hours. This offers customers the opportunity to share in the benefits of Block Train movements, avoiding congestion at common user terminals, as well as enjoy preferential rail rates, which are more competitive than road transport.


5181.1 (R)Guidelines for Student Transportation
The Meriden Board of Education has adopted the following guidelines to govern the eligibility for and use of transportation services by students residing in Meriden.
- Walking distance as used in these guidelines means the line of measure of a prescribed or authorized pedestrian route between the student’s residence and the school to which he/she is assigned from a point at the curb, or edge of a public road or highway nearest the student’s residence to a point on a paved walkway within 100 ft. of a school building entrance.
- Mile walking distance as used in these guidelines means a reasonable measurement of a route to be traveled extending from a point of measurement to a point of measurement of 5,280 feet, which will be used to determine a student’s eligibility for transportation services.
- Walking route as used in these guidelines means a portion of the right of way at least two feet wide, paved or unpaved, usually parallel to the traffic lanes and marked, for example, by curbing, drainage ditch, grass area, or fencing apart from and independent of any white line safety markings along the street pavement.
B.Eligibility for Transportation
- Transportation shall be provided for:
- Elementary school students (includes preschool and kindergarten) who have a walking distance to their assigned school of more than one (1) mile.
- Middle school students who have a walking distance to their assigned school of more than one and a half (1.5) miles.
- High school students who have a walking distance to their assigned school of more than two (2) miles.
- Transportation shall be provided to students with special needs in accordance with federal and state laws following notification from the Director of Pupil Personnel.
C. Walking RouteA walking route shall be deemed hazardous when the Manager of Transportation determines that any one of the following conditions exists:
- For students enrolled in grades PreK-5, the absence of a pedestrian crossing light or a crossing guard where three or more streets intersect, and at street crossings where there are no stop signs or crossing guards;
- Any street, road or highway with posted speed limits in excess of forty miles per hour which does not have pedestrian crossing lights or crossing guards or other safety provisions at points where students must cross in going to and from school; or
- The usual or frequent presence of any nuisance such as open manholes, construction, loading zones where delivery trucks are permitted to park on walkways, commercial entrances and exits where cars are crossing walking areas at speeds in excess of five miles per hour.
- Any street, road or highway which has no sidewalks or walk areas shall be deemed unduly hazardous when the Manager of Transportation determines that any of the following conditions exists:
- A posted speed limits in excess of forty miles per hour where there are no pedestrian crossing lights or crossing guards or other safety provisions at points where students must cross when going to or from school or the bus stop;
- The line-of-sight visibility together with posted speed limits does not permit vehicular braking/stopping sufficient to ensure the safety of persons walking along the road; or
- A line-of-sight obstruction caused by a hill, curve, structure, outcropping, land form planting, or other obscuring object or structure which may be safely negotiated by a vehicle traveling only at speeds under fifteen miles per hour.
- Any walkway or path in an area adjacent and parallel to railroad tracks without a physical barrier along the entire pedestrian route between students and the tracks and any required crossing of railroad tracks which carry moving trains during the hours that students are walking to and from school shall be deemed hazardous unless one of the following conditions exist:
- A crossing guard is present; or
- An automatic control bar is present at crossings used by children enrolled in grades PreK through 5, or a bar or red flashing signal light is operational when the crossing is used for students in middle or high school.
- Any street, road, walkway or path designed as a walking route for students which passes through an area which has a history of aggressive acts or molestation resulting in actual or threatened physical harm or moral degradation during hours when students ordinarily walk to or from school shall be deemed hazardous.
- A walking route shall be considered unduly hazardous whenever students enrolled in grades PreK through 8 are required to walk to and from school at any time prior to one-half hour before sunrise or one-half hour after sunset.
D.School Bus Routes
- School bus routes shall be established by the Manager of Transportation in a manner that provides for the safe and timely arrival of students eligible for transportation services to and from their bus stop to their assigned schools.
- Bus stops shall be established primarily on main streets or avenues. Supplemental bus stops may be established on those secondary streets that connect with main thoroughfares.
- In order to ensure equitable and efficient service, bus stops shall, when practical, be placed at street intersections.
- School buses shall not be routed into condominium residential areas or streets that have cul-de-sacs, or other private roadways.
- A student’s bus stop shall be established at a location walkable from the student’s residence, but may not exceed one (1) mile.
- Bus stops shall not be established at an individual student’s residence except where required by state and/or federal law.
- Students shall conduct themselves on a school bus and at a bus stop in a manner consistent with established standards of conduct.
- At the beginning of each school year, a copy of the Code of Behavior for Bus Students (the “Code”) shall be provided to each student eligible for transportation services by the student’s assigned school. Each student and his parent or guardian must submit written acknowledgment of receipt of the Code.
- Students eligible for transportation services must present a current bus pass to the bus driver. Failure to produce the bus pass, upon request from the bus driver, may result in denial of transportation services.
- Students found in violation of the Code shall be referred to their school principal for appropriate disciplinary action, up to and including suspension of transportation services. (See Board Policy 5110).
- Parental cooperation is needed to maintain proper conduct of students at bus stops and on school buses.
- Parents of preschool students are required to meet school buses when students are discharged. Failure to do so may result in the suspension of transportation services.
- Parents of younger children are encouraged to meet buses until confident that their children are capable of safely walking to and from their school bus independently.
- The Board of Education shall seek reimbursement of damages to school buses from the parents of children who have been found responsible for acts of vandalism.
Approved April 28, 1981
Amended November 21, 2017
Previous Policy Number: EE1-R
Previous Policy Number: EE1-R


“Water water everywhere, nor any drop to drink” are lines from “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,” by Samuel Coleridge. The speaker, a sailor on a becalmed ship, is surrounded by salt water that he cannot drink. The people living on the Crimean Peninsula of Russia, surrounded by the Black Sea and denied fresh water from the Dnieper river branch canal are much like that sailor. There’s reason to be concerned as I learned this week from a friend who is trying to farm medicial herbs on Crimea. Dried-up rivers, shrinking old reservoirs and recently blocked canal access have combined to make 2020 the driest year with consequential crop failures – the worst in 150 recorded years, according to Crimean officials. Sadly, the rebirth of the once-reknowned Crimean wine industry has also been negatively affected.
Throughout history, Crimea has been limited by the availability of water. Around the middle of the twentieth century, the water resources of Crimea totalled 0.83 km3, found mostly in the Mountains. Resources in the Crimean Plains amounted to only 0.04 km3. The water resources of Crimea have been extensively studied since the 1920s in order to meet the continuously growing demands for both drinking and commercial-use water.
Moscow ordered hydrogeological surveys and exploratory drilling throughout every part of the peninsula since the early 1940s. From 1949 onwards, thousands of boreholes were drilled in the northern part of Crimea, and thus the yearly extraction of water from deep-seated aquifers increased from 0.19 km3 in 1960 to 0.55 km3 in 1975. This wholesale massive water extraction produced unintended consequences which included regional-scale depressions in Miocene aquifers, trans-formational flow and contamination, as well as, in coastal areas, incursion of seawater into the aquifers – not a good Eco-thing.
In the late 1950s and early 1960s the Komsomol (an organization of approximately 500,000 then young volunteers) was instructed by Moscow to build the North Crimean Canal. Opened in 1963 the canal brought Dnieper river water from the Ukraine to the Crimean Peninsula. The water was primarily used for irrigation and water supply in the northern and eastern parts of the peninsula. The North Crimean Canal dramatically increased the water resources of the entire peninsula. The share of Dnieper water in Crimea’s water balance from the time the canal was opened in 1963 until it was dammed off by Ukraine in 2014 ranged between 70% and 86%. A serious quantity in every respect, with severe ripple effects. Consider that three-quarters of all water for basic human hydration through to irrigating crops, even by drip methods disappeared overnight.
Today water demand must be met by local peninsular resources, but they are not nearly enough. Groundwater, mostly from karst aquifers. For those that did not know, like myself, a karst aquifer is an aquifer that occurs within limestone geology, where the limestone has been partially dissolved so that some fractures are enlarged into passages that carry the groundwater flow. The location and size of these passages is unpredictable, hence problematic and unpredicatable. These karst aquifers today provide for about 40% of the water budget in Crimea, supplying 1.2 million people (about 50 % of the Crimean population) who must depend on unpredicatble karst sources as their sole source of water. The demand increases hugely in the summer due to the large inflow of tourists (about 6 million visitors a year). In 2018, about 0.12 km3 of water was extracted from 1204 artesian wells. This far exceeds the maximum sustainable withdrawal rate which has been calculated as 0.04 km3.
So, given these arid truths, what is actually being done if anything to let Crimeans, their vineyards and their farms get hydrated?
It looks like 2021 will be a rough year, however starting in late 2021 the water supply pipelines to Feodosia and Kerch should be switched on, and in full flow by early 2022. This is a new waterway pipeline to the two large Crimean towns and a number of settlements of the Leninsky district, covering all their drinking water needs, and then some.
There are two projects that have been ongoing to achieve water independence for Crimea. The first is the construction of three new water sources (wells) at locations discovered in Soviet times which were finally started in December of 2014 and finished in mid-2016. Also 12 wells drilled at depths of between 110 to 160m depth with their own hardened reservoirs and pumping stations. At the same time, the military corps of engineers also laid pipes from these water sources to the remnants of the Crimean side of the North Crimean Canal. The launch of this “temporary” fix was in 2015 and made it possible to pour from70 to 135 thousand cubic meters of water into the canal daily and thus distributed through established canal servicing destinations.
The second project has already laid 65 km of water pipeline from water sources to the first pumping station, then 153.5 km of the water pipeline to Feodosia and Kerch, as well as the construction of five pumping stations which are in late stages of completion, expected to open end 2021.
The project provides for the supply of 195 thousand cubic meters of water to consumers per day: 106 thousand to Feodosia, 89 thousand – to Kerch.
At the end of the day the reality remains that underground water reserves in Crimea are not unlimited as population and use are dynamically growing. Sooner or later a sustainable way must be found to resolve this conundrum. One way being considered is to pipe water across the Kerch strait from the mainland, or even further enhancing water collection and storage infrastructure which are being done now. There is also an interesting and fairly advanced plan to tap large reserves of cyclic fresh water now known to be located under the Sea of Azov at the northeast of Crimea. The costs and planning are expected to be finalized in Moscow during the first half of 2021, with anticipated completion by mid-2023.
In the meantime, the full potential of Crimea, even with the massive road, bridge, ports, energy, housing and social infrastructure programs that have been both completed and ongoing since 2014, making up for decades of neglect, all boil down to available water. This is truly getting down to the basics of life.
Moscow February 2, 2021


The new five-storey ICO gate building in the port of Zeebrugge is the new working environment for 150 employees. The building serves as an administrative centre and grants access to the various ICO terminals in Zeebrugge. Sumi has installed the lighting control system with constant light control in the offices, along with the sun protection system. There are several touch screens that transmit the measured temperature to the building management system. The ventilation can be controlled via the touch screens. On top of all this, Sumi has also provided customised visualisation.


We usually don’t think about our sewer lines until there’s a problem. However, it’s important to keep them maintained so that problems can be avoided. And that’s not a job for just anyone. You need a professional who knows what they’re doing. If you are looking for experts in the area of sewer line repair in Villa Rica, GA, our technicians can help. We have been in this business for many years and have a professional team that can solve any plumbing issue!
Let’s take a deeper look at the key signs that you may need sewer line replacement in Villa Rica, GA:
Of course, before hiring professionals to do this or that job, homeowners always want to know the sewer line replacement cost in Villa Rica, GA. However, it’s quite challenging to give a single answer that would satisfy everyone since the cost of sewer line replacement in Villa Rica, GA can vary depending on the severity of the problem and the type of repair needed. In general, though, you can expect to pay somewhere between $200 and $4,000 for this type of repair.
Are you looking for experts in the area of sewer line repair in Villa Rica, GA? It goes without saying that you want to deal with professional sewer line replacement companies near Villa Rica, GA and this is where Plumb Ready Plumbing might be the place to go. We have been working in this industry for many years and have the experience and knowledge to get the job done right. Let’s review the key reasons why you should choose us for this type of repair:
If you are having problems with your sewer line, don't hesitate to contact Plumb Ready Plumbing. We offer a variety of sewer line repair and replacement services in Villa Rica, GA that can help get your system back up and running in no time. Give us a call today at 470-243-1234 to schedule a consultation!


The Milne Group fleet is one of the largest and most comprehensive in the region
We operate an extensive workshop employing two diesel mechanics, ensuring all plant is in good and safe working order prior to it going to work.
Our fleet is as follows:
Seven machines available ranging in size from 1 to 24 tonne, offering a wide range of attachments to suit any task including:
- Tilting quick hitches to suit all bucket widths
- Slashbuster (vegetation and stump grinding)
- Log grab
- Rock breaker
- Flip screen
Dozers D6 and D7 size machines
- Scrub cage
- Poly pipe rip and laying up to 3”
We operate a fleet of three well maintained Caterpillar 615CII elevating scrapers, making bulk earthworks projects such as dam sinking and gravel extraction develop in a timely manner.
- Caterpillar 12G
- Caterpillar 140H
Peter Milne Earthmoving can offer a range of logistic services including bulk supply of quarry products, heavy haulage hire and water cart services, the fleet is as follows:
- 2 x Truck and Superdog units (27 tonne payload)
- Truck and tag-along trailer
- Mack Granite with triaxle hydraulic widening float 2.5-3.5x12m deck -30 tonne capacity
- Mack Vision with triaxle float 2.5x11m deck – 28 tonne capacity
- Mack 10,000L water cart, with batter sprays and dribble bar.
Articulated dump trucks
We operate two Caterpillar 40 tonne dump trucks making off road haulage more efficient.
Front end loaders
- Caterpillar 950 X2
- Caterpillar 966
- Log grabs including stick rakes
- General purpose buckets
- Loadrite quarry scales
- Hay forks
We have a range of rollers available from 2 to 14 tonne, both smooth drum and padfoot, this covers and all compaction needs on projects ensuring a quality finish.
JCB 3CX backhoe
- Caterpillar 226C wheel loader
- Caterpillar 239D multi terrain loader
- Profiler Head 600mm
- Road Broom
- Pallet Forks
- 4:1 buckets


T: (852) 2636 6900
Yan Kwok Keung Message Yan Kwok Keung Message
Message from K K Yan
K.K.YAN – Chair of CHKSTT
Managing Director of Waterland Group
K.K.YAN has been active in the development and growth of the Trenchless Industry for 15 years. He obtained his BEng degree from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology in 1998. He has been providing various trenchless solutions from planning, coordinating, managing, implementing of different projects including non-destructive underground utilities surveys, leakage management and control, pipe condition assessment, geophysical surveys, trenchless pipe rehabilitation works and equipment technology transfer with particular emphasis on increased use of various trenchless technologies.
He is currently operating his own business as the Managing Director of Waterland Group and being one of the active key players in the trenchless industry of Hong Kong.
T: (852) 2608 7643
T: (852) 6775 1163
T: (852) 9501 7560
T: (852) 9201 1952
Pinky Tso Message Pinky Tso Message
Message from Pinky Tso
Pinky Tso’s Message Secretary, CHKSTT
It is not hard to find people digging holes everywhere in Hong Kong. You can imagine that these disruptions affect our daily lives in many aspects. I became involved in organizing seminars on trenchless technologies when I first met Ian Vickridge, a past Chairman of CHKSTT, in the mid-90s. CHKSTT celebrated its 10th anniversary in 2009 and trenchless technologies in Hong Kong have gone a long way since then. The use of trenchless methods would continue to grow and we need your input to build a stronger and bigger trenchless society. Join us and work together towards a trenchless world. CHKSTT is glad to have you with us.
T: (852) 2766 5969
T: (852) 9520 2452
T: (852) 2410 1280
Mr. Herman Kwok Mr. Herman Kwok
Message from Mr. Herman Kwok
Mr. Herman Kwok - Jetrod
Mr.Herman Kwok, director of Jetrod Pipeline Consultant & Engineering Ltd. , specialize in CCTV pipeline inspection, pipeline cleaning utilizing high pressure water jet and pipeline rehabilitation in cure in place pipe (CIPP).
As one of the board members, Mr.Herman Kwok would like to voice out that“ During the 1990s, utilization of trenchless technology is a very uncommon technology in Hong Kong and this has lead to using traditional technology (open cut excavation) by carrying out trial pits where repair is required which causes traffic congestion, noise, and public complaints.
However, during the 2000s, as Hong Kong has been developing rapidly, trenchless technology has been playing a very important role in management and maintenance of underground public utilities. Trenchless technology has proven itself to increase efficiency and promotes long term sustainability while minimizing traffic congestions, public complaints and noise.
I believe the advances of trenchless technology will create a better and sustainable development in Hong Kong.
T: (852) 9199 0528
T: (852) 2636 6900


KAMYK CUSTOM HOMES, LLC
1224 Oakridge Road, McDonald, PA 15057
Phone: 412-389-0906, Fax: 412-257-9876
STANDARD BUILDING SPECS
PERMITS – Building, Sewer Tap, Electrical
Three days of high lift time for digging, cutting in driveway and spreading stone. Remove topsoil and pile to be reused upon completion.
All excess dirt will be placed on lot.
Tree removal, stump hauling is extra.
Importing or exporting of fill or topsoil is not included.
**Rock and Drilling clause: If foundation needs to be drilled or if rock is hit and needs to be excavated, these items will be extra at the owners’ expense. Rock clause is also in effect when digging outside utilities.
12" x 24" continuous pour 4000 psi concrete with ½" rebar on 4" chairs (or as per architectural specs.)
14 courses using 12" block below grade & 8" block and brick above grade.
(12” block used for superior lateral strength. 14 course foundation height used so you can finish basement and still have a full ceiling height)
12” anchor bolts placed every 6 feet.
All beam pockets to be filled solid with ½” steel rebar and mortar.
All block with at least 5” below grade to be rod and filled solid.
Top course shall be solid termite blocks.
All transitions to be topped with concrete bricks.
Pilasters used as required – All shall be rod and filled solid.
Structural steel as specified by engineer. Beams to rest on at least 8" bearing masonry or 4" structural steel post with bolts as per engineering specs
TY4" concrete over ¼” bubble rap, steel reinforcing and gravel.
Pecks tubing for in floor heating
Plumbing rough-ins for basement, bath, or powder room.
WATERPROOFING AND FRENCH DRAIN:
Royal Guard water proofing system with insulation board
French drain: 4” schedule 35 PVC to storm drains
Gravel backfill entirely to top of foundation for superior drainage
Silent floor system — pre-engineered wood 1-beams.
3/4" Top Notch T&G plywood-1 s' & 2" floor.
2 x 6 outside walls, 2 x 4 interior walls (all at 16" on center)
7/16" plywood sheathing over complete exterior for superior strength. Tyvek house wrap for extra weather protection.
Roof system using 2 x 10 rafters.
9' ceiling height on first floor. 8' ceiling height on second floor. Overhangs are 24" before brick.
2 x 10 facia and 10" frieze.
WINDOWS & DOORS:
Pella designer series casement windows with low E glass. $10.00/sq. ft.
Wood grilles between the glass.
Roll screens on all windows standard.
Mini-blinds or shades between the glass are optional at upcharge.
Pella designer series sliding glass patio door.
Front door - $4,500 allowance for door, sidelights and transom.
Exterior service doors – steel insulated w/window & panels.
Garage doors – Up to 3 each 9' x 8' 2" thick insulated, 4 panels, Clopay brand.
Interior doors – pre-primed, 6 panel semi-solid masonite w/brass lido levers.
All exterior doors to have keyed deadbolts and keyed levers.
Front door to have brass handle set and brass kickplate.
One window over front door with $2,000 allowance.
$400.00/thousand allowance/oversize or $350/thousand/modular.
Quoin corners on all front elevation corners and keystones above windows.
Rowlock around front elevation windows or shutters with allowance given.
Limestone house number.
40 year GAF Timberline dimensional shingles or Slateline shingles.
Water & ice guard protection around entire roof perimeter.
Vent-a-ridge caps used for superior ventilation and moisture control.
SOFFIT & FASCIA:
All fascia, frieze, gutters and downspouts to be Alcoa aluminum
All vented soffit for superior ventilation and designer appearance.
48” pre-fab wood burning fireplace with automatic log lighter
includes triple wall flue through roof.
$2,000 allowance for mantle, hearth, surround, and facing.
Includes all township required front walks, walk from front door to driveway,
30' deep turnaround in driveway, up to 14' wide by 50' long driveway, rear patio – 16' x 26'.
Up to 400 square feet using treated lumber, trex hand rail, trex decking.
$10,000 allowance for grading, seeding, shrubs & trees.
Any dirt needing to be hauled on to or away from site would be extra.
*Subject to developer approval to comply w/covenants if applicable.
Outside walls – R19 Fiberglass.
Acoustical insulation around all bathrooms, powder rooms, soil lines.
Garage ceiling – 10" bans (R-30).
Attic – R-38 of blown cellulose.
All work holes to have foam insulation for fire protection.
All bottom plates and exterior wall joints to be sealed.
This insulation package will save you between 40% - 50% on your energy bills
which means you will save money each month for as long as you own your home.
5/8" on all walls, 5/8" on all ceilings
Ceilings to be machine textured and knock-down.
Walls- Duron Deluxe Low Sheen, 1 coat tinted primer and 2 finish coats
Trim – Duron Deluxe Low Sheet and Semi-gloss, 1 coat primer and 2 finish coats
Stain - Stairs and handrail for main stairs in foyer.
Garage walls to be painted white.
All closets to have melamine shelving
Foyer stairs – Oak treads w/poplar risers and stringers and one turned volute.
Basement stairs — Pine, carpet grade.
Foyer area — Oversized oak handrail with 1-3/4" painted 2-turn.spindles.
Up to 2 each 90% high efficiency Carrier furnaces with Carrier condensing units.
April air humidifiers. April air electronic air cleaners.
l each 75 gallon hot water tank with power vent.
1 each 75 gallon hot water tank with power vent
1 each whirlpool tub & faucet as per specs with $2,000 allowance, white/biscuit.
2 each Kohler fiberglass tub/shower units as per specs, white or biscuit.
1 each ceramic tile shower stall with brass trimmed glass door.
4 each Kohler wellworth elongated toilets, white or biscuit.
Rough-in for futures in basement as per specs.
4 each hose bibs.
l each garbage disposal.
Gas stove and dryer hook-ups.
1 each laundry tray for washing machine.
1 each utility tub in laundry room.
1 each utility sink in garage.
Kohler Devonshire faucets with brass, chrome, or brushed nickel finish.
Kitchen sink - $400.00 allowance.
Kitchen faucet - $300.00 allowance.
Vanity bowls – Integrated solid surface bowls or Kohler Pennington ceramic drop-in's.
Powder Room -- Kohler brand pedestal sink, Devonshire.
One ice maker rough-in.
$80.00 allowance per bathroom for fixtures(towel bars, etc.).
Outside water & gas service & sewer tap — 50' allowance. $6.00 per foot past 50'
and machine time & materials for trenching, stoning, and backfilling is extra.
Hot water re-circulating line to master shower.
Up to 400 amp service.
1 each lamp post 80 recessed lights.
Ceiling fan in master bedroom & family room - $250.00 allowance each.
Pendant light above dinette in kitchen - $250.00 allowance.
Outdoor lighting: 2 coach lights for front door - $100.00 allowance each.
Up to three spot lights with a $50.00 allowance each.
Up to four coach lights for patio & service areas with a $50.00 allowance each.
All vanity bar lights up to a $100 allowance and closet fluorescent lights are included.
Up to 6 slide dimmer switches.
Up to 15 "three-way" or "four-way" switches.
Switch plugs on front porch area for outdoor holiday lighting.
Up to 8 each cable outlets
Up to 8 each phone outlets
Up to 8 internet cable outlets.
Allowance for foyer chandelier - $1,500.00
Bose surround sound system - $1,500 allowance, one room.
Foyer light fixture automatic hoist for up to a 100 pound light fixture.
Laundry and stove hook-ups for electrical features
Baseboard — 7-1/4" MDF throughout entire house.
Casings — 3-1/2" MDF — all windows, doors and openings.
Crown Molding — 4-5/8" MDF in all rooms and hallways on first floor.
3 step crown molding in foyer and living room.
5 step crown molding in dining room.
Single step crown in all bedrooms.
Chair rail with panel molding — Dining room, foyer, foyer stairs, 2nd floor hall.
Up to 10 lineal feet of built-in bookcases in den.
Tray ceiling in dining room with crown molding.
Decorative bulkhead with crown molding over kitchen island
Master bedroom: Choice of tray or vaulted ceiling.
Dacor package with 42" Sub-Zero or Jenn Air refrigerator.
**Some appliances require special installation and/or wiring.
Appliance selections should be made prior to construction if at all possible.
All kitchen, laundry, bath cabinets to be Kraftmade oak or maple with one of their
standard finishes and door styles. Cherry is available at a slight upcharge.
All wall cabinets are 42" high with under cabinet lighting.
All vanity cabinets are 35" high.
Custom made sizes, finishes or specs are optional.
All kitchen and bath countertops to be solid surface or cultured marble with standard beveled edge and backsplash
Granite w/4" granite backsplash available at an upcharge.
Tiled kitchen backsplash up to wall cabinets.
Laundry room, powder room, all baths - Ceramic tile, allowance given.
Foyer, Kitchen, Dining room, living room, den —pre-finished hardwood, allowance given
or ceramic tile.
*Custom wood floor finishes, special order tiles, marble or limestone are optional at upcharge.
Carpet — Allowance of $29.00 per yard including installation.
Brass sleuter strips used between all tile/carpet transitions.
First floor garages are $10,000.00 per car. Integral basement garages are at no extra charge.
Pre-wire installed, system and monitoring at owners expense.
Allowance of $2,000 for window blinds or shades.
Owner with a one year general warranty and shall pass all manufacturer warranties to owner at time of closing (shingles, appliances, etc.).
These specifications shall determine all finishes and construction for the said blueprints.
All allowances are to include material and installation. Additional selections made by the homeowner must include installation
Costs and allow acceptable extensions of construction time as determined by the vendor and Kamyk Custom Homes, LLC.
All blueprints brought to Kamyk Custom Homes, LLC must be signed and sealed by a licensed architect or engineer and
must be built according to state, federal, and local building codes.
Agreed to by and between:
Homeowner ______________________ Kamyk Custom Homes, LLC____________________


Building and construction covers a wide range of jobs in areas such as planning, residential building, non-residential building, construction engineering, architecture and the building trades.
Planning involves work in areas including planning for climate change, regional planning, transport and sustainable development. A planner's role is to design spaces and places for the benefit of the community while ensuring that economic growth, sustainability, transport, social equity and community living are considered.
Residential building includes construction of houses, flats, units and townhouses. Non-residential building includes schools, hospitals, shops, offices and factories.
Construction engineering involves all of the work that goes into building and maintaining our roads and streets, railways, dams and sewerage systems.
Architectural services include things like architecture, planning and building design. And the building and construction trades cover everything from brickies and plumbers to sparkies and chippies.
Associations, peak bodies & government organisations
Visit these organisations to find out more about each industry including information about jobs, career paths and training opportunities.
Australian Institute of Building
Australian Institute of Building Surveyors
Australian Institute of Landscape Architects
Australian Institute of Quantity Surveyors
Civil Contractors Federation
Concrete Institute of Australia
Master Builders Association of Victoria
Master Plumbers' and Mechanical Services Association
Motor Trades Association of Australia
The Royal Australian Institute of Architects
Find out about some of the jobs that people do in the building and construction industries.


ABOUT US With years of experience in the industry, we have established a reputation for excellence. Our team of skilled engineers and craftsmen works tirelessly to deliver projects that stand the test of time. Trust is at the core of everything we do. Our Vision Creating a Better Tomorrow At Manju Engineering, our vision is to be the leading construction company that transforms dreams into reality. We strive to create innovative and sustainable solutions that shape the future of the construction industry. Our Mission Delivering Excellence Our mission is to provide top-notch craftsmanship and unparalleled customer satisfaction. We are dedicated to delivering projects on time, within budget, and exceeding expectations. With our team of skilled professionals, we ensure every detail is meticulously executed to perfection. Pride message of leadership ChairpersonBSc (Business Management Special)Visiting lecture, Motivational SpeakerCorporate trainer Welcome to our website and we assure you of our unwavering commitment to excellence. With decades of experience in the industry, we have built a reputation for delivering excellent results and building long-term relationships with our clients. Our encouraged history A Legacy of Success With a rich history spanning over 20 years, Manju Engineering has established itself as a trusted name in the construction industry. Our track record of successful projects and satisfied clients speaks volumes about our commitment to excellence.


Largo Boiler Replacement
This project was a boiler system upgrade and replacement for a 57,000 sq ft residential building. The system was heated and cooled through the use of water source heat pumps. The boiler system was used for heat injection into condenser water loop as well as the production of domestic hot water through the use of the turbomax indirect hot water heaters. The existing system consisted of two 1250 MBH 85% efficient fan assisted boilers that were installed in a none code compliant manner and were unreliable. The system was upgraded to two 1200 MBH 93% efficient condensing boilers. Water temperature condensing boilers are much better suited to the installation due to the fact that they can handle the lower water temperatures of the condenser water without issues with the boiler.


Hydreva® stands ready to offer the a natural solution for balancing the health and vitality of state or city waterways and thereby prevent harmful Cyanobacteria (BlueGreen Algae) blooms within those large bodies of water and its accompanying rivers, tributaries, locks, drainage canals, spillways, etc.
Hydreva® has spent the last twenty five years undergoing extensive research and testing of its patented technologies to control bacteria and blooms of Blue-Green Algae and is prepared to guarantee 100% that it can deliver the performance-based results that are described in the following sections.
The ideal water system for large bodies of waters in states and cities and other large commercial water applications where clean water is mandatory.
It works by releasing a calculated mixture of frequencies and ions into your water, which go to work against unwanted bacteria and algae. This will drastically reduce maintenance and keep your water looking crystal clear without the use of chemicals.
Hydreva® uses Vortex Frequency Resonance (“Hydreva® Stationary Modules”) technology. Hydreva® proposes to install at least 100 of its Stationary Modules in strategic locations around the lake to significantly increase the energy and concentration of dissolved oxygen throughout the water column of large bodies of water and its accompanying waterways. Modules which are capable of processing massive amounts of inlet water 1000 gallons per minute.
Shoreside units will be placed at intervals near shore to treat specific areas such as small bays and inlets.
Realtime feedback will optimize resources and effectiveness as well as provide ongoing proof of treatment progress.
In order to monitor and verify ongoing results Hydreva® will provide a completely staffed, sophisticated testing lab.


Green Roof Database and Evaluation
Green Roof Survey: The 2010 Seattle Green Roof Survey provided a snapshot of green roofs for the City of Seattle creating a baseline understanding from which to build a more comprehensive inventory and tracking tool for the city’s green roof built stock, green roof benefits and challenges, and the emerging green roof industry. Information about existing green roofs in Seattle was collected using a combination of online research, phone interviews, and site visits. The total green roof area at the time of the report was 359,375 SF (~8.25 acres), not including large lidded areas such as the reservoirs and Freeway Park.
Green Roof Performance Studies: In partnership with Snyder Roofing of Washington, LLC, Green Futures Lab associates examined effectiveness of four (4) vendor-prescribed green (garden) roof systems. The initial phase of this study established a baseline for the roofs’ abilities to reduce, detain, and clean storm water runoff, determining their influence on temperatures associated with urban heat island effects, the long-term durability of green (garden) roof materials and their required maintenance. A fifth experimental plot will use a growing media and plant palette reflecting Puget Sound | Georgia Basin PS|GB native conditions that will be hydrologically and biologically compared with the four commercial plots. The findings and methodology developed in this project will be used to create a green (garden) roof performance evaluation protocol tailored to the PS|GB region, as well as a standardized evaluation process for comparative analysis. In future projects, this evaluation process will be applied to other regions and climatic settings, furthering contemporary discourse on available green (garden) roof technologies.
This research augments a body of current research seeking to address questions such as: How is Seattle contributing to the greening of our nation’s urban rooftops? What successes and challenges are associated with the application of green roofs in existing projects and new development in Seattle? Could the combined area of existing and proposed green roofs provide significant watershed and public infrastructure benefits? This inquiry will help to develop a context for the further development of green roofs in Seattle and elsewhere.


C/CAG receives funding from regional partner agencies. Transportation funding is made available through the Metropolitan Transportation Commission and includes State and Federal funding sources. Funding for air quality projects is provided through the Bay Area Air Quality Management District.
Transportation Development Act Article 3 (TDA 3)
Transportation Development Act Article 3 (TDA 3) funds are made available through State funds and are distributed by the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) to C/CAG on a formula basis. As the program administrator for San Mateo County, C/CAG issues a call for project nominations for eligible bicycle and/or pedestrian projects within the county. Eligible applicants include the 20 cities, the County, and any joint powers agencies in San Mateo.
Upcoming Call for Projects:
FY 2023-2024 Call for Projects is now open until November 13, 2023. Please check Call for Projects for more information.
List of projects funded by TDA 3 in FY 2021-2022:
Colma Bicycle and Pedestrian Master Plan
Plan to envision a safer, more connected active transportation system in Colma.
South San Francisco: Hillside Boulevard Road Diet Improvements
Separated bike lanes, signalized intersection, crosswalks, ADA curb ramps & extensions.
Burlingame: Murchison Drive, Trousdale Drive, Davis Drive Bicycle Route
Adding approx. 1.3 miles of bicycle facilities in support of Safe Routes to School.
Brisbane: Alley Walkway – Alvarado St to San Benito Rd
Concrete stairway path, lighting bollards, a handrail, crosswalk, signage.
San Carlos: San Carlos Ave. Pedestrian Safety Improvement Project Phase III
Sidewalk, curb/gutter, bike lane in an unimproved segment in major thoroughfare.
East Palo Alto: University Ave & Michigan Ave Intersection Improvements
ADA bulbouts, median improvement, Rectangular Rapid-Flashing Beacon (RRFB), striping, signs.
Pacifica: Palmetto & Esplanade Ave. Bicycle & Pedestrian Improvement Project
1.4 miles of Class II bicycle lanes and 0.5 miles of Class IIIB bicycle boulevards.


San Diego Natural History Museum
Guardrail & Truss Design and Development Process...
The new design of the Natural History Museum Special Collections Gallery includes the addition of two mezzanines each requiring a new structural truss to support them. With this in mind Place saw the opportunity to combine function and form by designing an artistically engineered guardrail. This unique guardrail would provide not only the needed strength to support the new mezzanines but also add an organic element to the space.
IDEA - Increasing library & gallery square footage was accomplished with the addition of two mezzanines. The challenge was to create a long-span structural beam with a natural design theme that could also be easily built in the existing space. The result was a unique structural guardrail design.
EVOLUTION - Through collaboration of architecture and engineering, the design of the guardrail/truss evolved within a parametric digital modeling program.
TEST - The design was digitally tested by engineers at ARUP to generate a structural guardrail/truss.
OUTCOME - The creation of a structural member strong enough to support the new mezzanines and unique enough to enhance the overall experience for visitors of the new Special Collections Gallery in the Natural History Museum.


Post by ettingtonliam on Apr 16, 2019 16:55:56 GMT
Took me back to the 1970s and my involvement with the design and construction of Humber Bridge, which exceeded Golden Gate's record for the longest single span in the world, but wasn't as tall or as long overall. Other differences were/are that Humber has concrete towers instead of GG's steel ones, and has an aerofoil steel box deck instead of GG's lattice girder design. The method of spinning the cables looked identical. but I'm glad we had modern concrete batching plants and concrete pumps to replace those wheelbarrows!
There's also a similar film showing the construction of the Forth Road Bridge ( Mk. 1 as it were ) ---- the main appeal being that it was done entirely by an amateur film maker of the day........50 years later it was shown on the BBC and is worth seeing...
I was privileged to watch the construction of the first Severn bridge from my barrack room window at the Army Apprentice College Chepstow. I arrived at 15 years old in 1963, bad winter that, and the concrete anchors had just been installed. The two towers were quickly erected, and I remember sailing down the Bristol Channel in a 14 ft dayboat, and looking back to see the towers 'off the vertical',reflecting the curvature of the earth and also positioned to take the predicted load. The spinning of the overhead cables was fascinating, and took forever, and when they started winching up the aerodynamic deck sections - made up at a site upriver on the River Wye - the whole thing was quite magical. A fantastic example of British engineering. Where did that go...? I have never paid to go across it though... John
Galileo - Great mind. Newton - Genius mind. Einstein - Extraordinary mind Me - Never mind
John The curvature of the earth bit is negligible, but suspension bridge towers are pulled backwards by a carefully calculated amount before spinning the cables starts, so that when the cables are complete and the deck sections in place, the towers end up vertical. I've forgotten the figure for Humber now, but it was of the order of a metre or so.
sorry Gents-------don't know what else to suggest ?.......I've just tried again and once again have been successful.....I've lifted this from the opening sequence}-----------"60 minute documentary on the building of the Forth Road Bridge - Screened September 2014 BBC1 Scotland / BBC Four".
Maybe if you look on the BBC site it might be archived ??
PS}---- Give this a try}------- vimeo.com/channels/1010566
It's a Vimeo site for Sarah Howitt and you'll have to scroll down to the third entry....
Post by ettingtonliam on Apr 23, 2019 19:18:47 GMT
Yes, worked for me too. Thanks Alan for finding that. Some of those cranes of Howards we used on Humber in the 1970s, although they were pretty ancient by then, especially the ones with the wooden cabs. Recognised a couple of chaps I worked with, too.


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ONLINE OPEN HOUSE: June 4 – July 30, 2018
Artist: Claudia Fitch
Title: “City Hummingbird,” “Shift” (relocation of existing artwork)
Themes:Wildlife, city history, historic architecture, domestic objects
Intent: Celebrating the historic forms of highway signs while emphasizing the station entrances
What’s been updated?
Changes to the Lynnwood Station design since our last online and in-person open house series stem from recent efforts by Sound Transit to find cost efficiencies. They include:
- Improving rider access to the station platform
- Optimizing garage layout
Want to take a closer look? Check out the project roll plots!
Discover what's in store for Lynnwood
A new light rail line means more than building trains and rails. It also means restoring or creating new pedestrian and bicycle connections, as well as other improvements throughout the corridor. Below are a sample of these improvements in this area.
LEED certification for Lynnwood City Center Station
Sound Transit registered Lynnwood Station for LEED certification in March 2018. Registration is the first of many steps required for certification. Logging and reviewing of project information throughout design and construction may result in enough LEED points for a Silver rating.
Sound Transit will upgrade the Scriber Creek Trail to a multiuse path for bikes and pedestrians and move it to a more upland location to help protect the trail from frequent flooding. We will also align the multiuse path to connect to the Interurban Trail at the ramp to the bridge over 44th Avenue West.
Lynnwood roadway improvements
As part of traffic mitigation in and around the Lynnwood City Center Station, the project will implement the following roadway improvements:
- New east-west 202nd Street
- Right in/Right out from garage onto 44th Avenue West
- 46th Avenue West is no longer only for high-occupancy vehicles
- Widening of 200th Street Southwest, with improved intersections at 44th Avenue West, 46th Avenue West and 48th Avenue W
- Garage access road on 48th Avenue West extension around the south end of the site
Join us in person!
Wednesday, July 25, 6-8 PM
Lynnwood Convention Center
3711 196th St. SW
Lynnwood, WA 98036
2018-07-25 18:00:00 2018-07-25 20:00:00 America/Los_Angeles Lynnwood Link Open House The Lynnwood Link Extension is a key part of Sound Transit’s mass transit system expansion approved by voters. Targeted for operation in 2024, four new stations and 8.5 miles of light rail will connect north Seattle, Shoreline, Mountlake Terrace and Lynnwood with the entire region. Lynnwood Convention Center, 3711 196th St. SW, Lynnwood, WA 98036 Sound Transit email@example.com
Traveling via transit? Take Community Transit Route 196 to 196th and 36th Ave W (less than a block away). The Lynnwood Transit Center is about five blocks away.
The most convenient wheelchair access is on the first floor, directly off the north parking lot.


Nestle Factory Apartment Plans Approved
Plans to convert a former Nestlé factory building in York into apartments have been given planning permission. The historic Nestlé factory on Haxby Road opened in 1892, but the Almond buildings were only constructed in 1910 while the cream block was built in 1936 and further extended to the north in 1938 in an art deco style. The buildings have sat empty since 2008 when the building was no longer suitable for modern production. Property development company Newby has secured detailed planning consent from the City of York Council to redevelop the historic site. The Yorkshire-based developer is set to transform the factory into the ‘Cocoa Works’ consisting of 258 residential apartments and associated facilities with a new convenience store.
Nick Moody, founding partner at Newby, said: “We are delighted to receive detailed planning consent for our redevelopment plans which will deliver much needed new homes in York City Centre.
“Overall the public have shown overwhelming support for our proposals that give new life to a valued heritage building.
“The approved design will preserve the structure with little change to the façade, and also restore features such as the memorial library, clocks, railings and covered walkway, whilst providing a revised internal configuration.”
Axis Architecture has designed the scheme and York based O’Neill Associates is appointed planning consultant.
Plans for a new 4,000 sq ft convenience store, storage for 288 bicycles and 173 external parking spaces as well as landscaped areas with feature lighting have also been approved.


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The National Weather Service in the Quad Cities will now be issuing Flood Watches for River Forecast Points for situations when rivers MAY rise above flood stage, but flooding is not yet certain.
Flood Warning vs Flood Watch
- Flood Warning - Flooding is imminent or is occurring. TAKE ACTION!
- Flood Watch - Flooding is POSSIBLE. Prepare to Take Action!
What is a River Flood Watch?
- A River Flood Watch is a way for the National Weather Service to inform the public and other customers of the possibility of flooding at a particular point along a river.
- It does not mean flooding will occur, it means conditions are favorable for flooding and that flooding is .
- Flood Watches will be issued for forecast points on rivers for which the NWS is currently issuing river forecasts and flood warnings.
- Flood Watches for Rivers are polygon based, rather than county based, to only highlight areas along rivers that may be impacted.
- A Flood Watch will be UPGRADED to a Flood Warning if or when confidence is high that flooding will occur at the particular point.
Purpose of River Flood Watches?
- Flood watches will help the NWS provide advance notice of the possibility of river flooding when there is limited confidence on the amount of rise the river will experience.
- Allows partners and the public to begin monitoring hydrometeorological conditions more closely in order to prepare to take action should a warning be issued.
When will Flood Watches for Rivers be issued?
- A Flood Watch will be issued when forecasters have between 50% and 80% confidence that a particular forecast point on a river will rise above flood stage.
- Flood Watches will typically be issued 6 to 48 hours before a river is forecast to rise above flood stage.
- Flood Watches will be highlighted on the NWS Quad Cities webpage in the color seagreen opposed to Flood Warnings which are highlighted in lime green.
- A direct link to Flood Watch information can be found here
- Flood Watch Information will be played over NOAA Weather Radio
- Forecasters from the NWS Quad Cities forecast office will detail information and reasoning behind the Flood Watch in the
Note: Flood Watches will be disseminated to partners in traditional methods no differently than any other Watch event, for example the Law Enforcment teletype service, nwsChat, the NWS webpage, a subscription service, etc.
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Perth Children’s Hospital (PCH), is an iconic building, providing world-class health services on the outskirts of Perth’s CBD. Our client is the lead facilities maintenance contractor and is required to inspect the façade of the building twice a year, for corrosion and damage. Given the architectural design and surrounds of the building, it has proven difficult and costly to carry-out this work via traditional methods such as rope access, or elevated work platform.
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2 edition of Maximum wave heights and critical water depths for irregular waves in the surf zone found in the catalog.
Maximum wave heights and critical water depths for irregular waves in the surf zone
William N. Seelig
1980 by U.S. Army, Corps of Engineers, Coastal Engineering Research Center, National Technical Information Service, Operations Division [distributor in Fort Belvoir, Va, Springfield, Va .
Written in English
|Statement||by William N. Seelig.|
|Series||Coastal engineering technical aid -- no. 80-1.|
|Contributions||Coastal Engineering Research Center (U.S.)|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||11 p. :|
|Number of Pages||11|
Abstract. This paper contains a critical review of methods of prediction of wave heights during and after breaking in shallow water. It is concluded that the choice of the most appropriate methods is crucial both for initial design calculations and for computational modelling of the surf by: 6. A very similar pattern of waves follows every earthquake. When the Earth moves in a temblor, it generates more than just the P- and S-waves we described a while ago (see blog Septem ).Surface waves also emerge, but unlike their relatives on the water surface of a pond, they can be anything but subtle.
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Maximum wave heights and critical water depths for irregular waves in the surf zone by Seelig, William N; Coastal Engineering Research Center (U.S.)Pages: Maximum wave heights and critical water depths for irregular waves in the surf zone / Related Titles.
Series: Coastal engineering technical aid ; no. Seelig, William N. Coastal Engineering Research Center (U.S.) Type. Book Material. Maximum wave heights and critical water depths for irregular waves in the surf zone (OCoLC) Material Type: Government publication, National government publication: Document Type: Book: All Authors / Contributors: William N Seelig; Coastal Engineering Research Center (U.S.).
Start studying Chapter 11 (Chapter 9) - Waves. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Waves of wavelength L that travel in water depths less than _____ are called shallow water waves.
and a narrow zone of decreased wave heights in the surf zone. The frequency at which the division was made was to some SURF ZONE TRANSFORMATION OF WAVE HEIGHT TO WATER DEPTH RATIOS 59 0 PS8 m PS6 Event 4 _____ PS4 r= N y Infragravity component w J L 0) +.
l0 r 3 N _ rw n 0) _ _ i Wind wave component Time (min.) Fig. by: What is breakwaters. Breakwaters, Waves 'Maximum wave heights and critical water depths for irregular waves in the surf zone' -- subject(s): Water.
Previous attempts to inverse surf zone bathymetry used one of these wave properties that can be related to the local water depth through a simple physical model: the linear (e.g., Stockdon and.
What are breakwaters made of. Wiki User Waves 'Maximum wave heights and critical water depths for irregular waves in the surf zone' -- subject(s): Water waves, Measurement 'Estimation of. Waves in water depths between L/2 and L/20 are called ____waves.
intermediate. An area of reduced wave heights in the surf zone Turbid water and debris moving seaward through the surf zone researchers have calculated possible maximum wave heights of nearly ____m. In fluid dynamics, wind waves, or wind-generated waves, are water surface waves that occur on the free surface of bodies of result from the wind blowing over an area of fluid surface.
Waves in the oceans can travel hundreds of miles before reaching land. Wind waves on Earth range in size from small ripples, to waves over ft (30 m) high. Deviation of wave height distribution from the CWD is clearly observed in the laboratory wave data by Hamm and Pernnard () and others.
Fig. 4 is the cumulative distribution of wave heights of their data taken from Goda (a).They employed the offshore significant wave of H 0 = m and T p = s, and presented the frequency density distribution of wave heights Cited by: 6.
Our 'surf' heights are an attempt to give you an idea of how big the actual waves on the beach will be. Of course this is the bit, as a surfer, you're most interested in. However that final journey of a swell into shallow water and to breaking waves on the beach is in many ways the hardest part to model and predict.
As the waves approach the shore in shallow water, their heights (increase, decrease) [a] and the wavelength becomes (longer, shorter) [b]. Specified Answer for: a increase Specified Answer for: b shorter Correct Answers for: a increase Correct Answers for: b shorter Question 6 out of points In the surf zone, water particles in the crest of a wave are Answer Selected Answer.
Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward part, or face, of a moving wave, which usually carries the surfer towards the suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal r, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as Country or region: Worldwide.
The Fraction of Broken Waves in Natural Surf Zones the mean shoreline in mean water depths to m). as they progress across the surf zone. Wave heights in the inner surf zone are. Propagation of irregular water wave from deep water to a shoreline has been numerically modeled. Linear and irregular waves are considered.
Model equations govern effects of shoaling, refraction, and diffraction over a varying bathymetry. The model requires the input of the incoming directional random sea at the offshore boundary. Statistical energy dissipation model is Author: K.
Fassieh, O. Fahmy, M. Zaki. Few measurements of maximum irregular wave heights have been available previously, and the results in this paper will aid in evaluating limiting wave proportions. The data in section 2 of this paper cover observations of breaking waves in a laboratory irregular wave system and results for the largest waves in field observations for severe Cited by: 4.
44 of irregular waves on a plane slope, by using a few ˙levels. In the present 45 study, however, we will show that NHWAVE, as described in Derakhti et al. 46 (), accurately captures the wave-height decay in regular waves as well as 47 wave-height statistics in irregular surf zone breaking waves using as few as 4.
The initially Rayleigh height distributions in 9-m depth were observed to be modified by shoaling and breaking into new distributions which present surplus at the medium waves and deficits at the lowest waves (compared with the Rayleigh wave distribution).
Such phenomena are of great interest for random wave shoaling and breaking models. Deep water waves; Velocity of wave energy through water determined by wavelength; Longer waves move faster; Use period as is easier to measure than length; Speed (m/sec) = x wave period; Typical 8 second trade wind wave moves at m/sec=28 mph; Shallow water waves; Velocity of wave is related to water depth; Speed (m/sec) = x square.
The ‘Hawaiian’ system is intended to measure not the breaking wave face, but the height of the back of the wave as viewed from the water. In doing this the measured height of waves breaking on reef (which tend to pull a deeper trough in front than our ‘idealised’ image of a normal [ ].
RESEARCH ARTICLE /JC Estimating wave energy dissipation in the surf zone using thermal infrared imagery Roxanne J. Carini 1, C. Chris Chickadel, Andrew T. Jessup 1, and Jim Thomson 1Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA Abstract Thermal infrared (IR) imagery is used to quantify the high spatial.
where κis the ratio (assumed a constant) of the breaking wave height to water depth within the surf zone and h is the still water depth, i.e., the depth in the absence of waves or wave effects. The wave setup at the still water line, ηo, and the maximum wave setup, ηmax, can be expressed from Equation D in terms of the breaking wave.
Wave speed (C) is the speed an individual wave moves through water. If the wave period (T) and wave length (L) are known, then the wave speed (C) can be determined by C=L/T. Other Wave Facts: Deep Water or Shallow Water A wave is considered to be a deep water wave as long as water depth exceeds 1/2 the wavelength.
nity dynamics in the intertidal zone of wave-swept rocky shores (e.g., Dayton ; Paine and Levin ; Denny and Wethey ).
As a means of quantifying spatial and tem-poral patterns in surf zone water velocities, several studies have used recording dynamometers to measure the maxi-mum hydrodynamic forces imposed on small objects in the.
It’s close to saying the same as ‘the average height of the set waves’. Fortunately there’s a fairly good relationship between this number and the height of the largest waves you’re likely to see.
A good general guide is to multiple the height by x to find the largest waves and hence the range of likely surfable waves: 2ft = ft. For a large series of hydraulic model tests performed at Queen's University, wave heights from deep water through the breaking zone can be described quite simply by linear shoaling, refraction, and friction, combined with a breaking criterion and.
How does wavelength, period, and wave height change when a wave reaches shallow water: As a deep-water wave approaches the wave begins to feel the bottom, and the resulting friction and compression of the orbits reduce the forward speed of the wave.
Remember that the speed of all waves is equal to the wavelength divided by period, and (2) the period of a wave. Air trapped inside the barrel of the wave may explode or spit out of the barrel as the wave races along.
Water from colliding waves can also explode, forming geysers of white water as the wave breaks. If the bottom is very steep, a plunging wave becomes a collapsing wave, when the top of the wave breaks onto the lower part of the wave.
Significant wave height is an average measurement of the largest 33% of waves. We measure it because in many applications of wave data, larger waves are more "significant" (important) than smaller waves. For example, the larger waves in a storm cause the most erosion on a beach.
Significant wave. Apr 9, - Explore cinnamoncooney's board "The wave and Shore", followed by people on Pinterest. See more ideas about Ocean, Waves, Ocean waves pins. The same abrupt change is found for wave heights of and m and periods of and s.
Nevertheless, the curves for m wave heights do not clearly show this abrupt change. However, for some water depths, the velocity field of the air bubbles is a Author: Diana Vargas, Ravindra Jayaratne, Edgar Mendoza, Rodolfo Silva.
Record-breaking wave heights and periods in the North Atlantic February was extremely stormy in the North Atlantic. A study just published in the Bulletin of American Meteorological Society (December issue) looks into the anatomy of a record-breaking monster: extra-tropical storm Quirin was caught blowing ocean waves up to significant heights of m on.
Since the Significant Wave Height (Seas) is an average of the largest waves, you should be aware that many individual waves will probably be higher. If we take a sample forecast of Seas Beyond the Reef of 2 to 4 feet, this implies that the average of the highest one-third waves will have a Significant Wave Height of 2 to 4 feet.
Tsunamis typically have wave lengths of km, which makes them shallow water waves even in the ocean. They travel extremely fast in open water, km/h ( m/h). These waves have insignificant wave heights at sea, but in shallow coastal waters they can exceed 30m ( ft). Surf Height definition in Surfline A-Z.
The definition of Surf Height. Learn to Surf. Champion big-wave surfer Richard Schmidt will have you walking on water in seven easy steps. Waves become shallow when D/L = Use Table A5 to determine ratio to deep Use the pressure equation for deep water to calcuate the maximum wave height A pressure sensor with a maximum pressure rating of kPa and a resolution of kPa is to be used to measure ocean waves with a typical period of 10 seconds.
File Size: 2MB. The depth of water affects the motion of waves, as the water becomes shallower the wave begins to slow down. This causes the height of the wave to increase until the surface tension is no longer able to hold the wave together, allowing the top of the wave to collapse; this phenomenon is known as the wave breaking.
Waves can also refract, change File Size: 2MB. Wave DeformationDept of Ocean Engg, IIT Madras, India 30 Fig.6 Wave fronts and contour lines of maximum wave heights in the lee of a rigid breakwater, and waves being incident normally. (____) exact solution. () approximate solution of Penny and Price () Fig.7 Variation of Kd with distance parameter, βr water wave depends on the period (or on the wavelength because period and wavelength are related as λ = CT).
Wave speed does not change with depth, in other words, the phase speed of a deep water wave is independent of depth h. A shallow water wave or long wave is found where λ > 20h. For shallow water waves, the phase speed, C = (gh). Abstract. There are several theories and methods to calculate the kinematics of water waves.
Most of the theories and methods have been developed for regular waves, like the linear theory, Stokes higher order theories, stream function theory, by: Waves heights are generally recorded in an offshore location, i.e. in depths of water exceeding 30 m. The offshore wave heights will be different to the inshore conditions particularly if the bathymetry is complex and/or the shoreline is not an open straight by: depth.
For solitary waves the maximum wave height, Hmax or Hb, in a depth of water, hb, is given by Hmax = hb although for oscillatory waves Hb ≈ hb. In intermediate depths of water: Hb/db = tanh (2πdb/Lb) 2.
In which db and Lb are the depth of water and the wave length at breaking, respectively. Wave Size: KB.


A gable roof is the classic, most commonly occurring roof shape in those parts of the world with cold or temperate climates. It consists of two roof sections sloping in opposite directions and placed such that the highest, horizontal edges meet to form the roof ridge. The design of this type of roof is achieved using rafters, roof trusses or purlins. The pitch of the roof and the height of the gutters can vary greatly.
This shape s more inexpensive and weather resistant compared to flat roofs, however; this one\’s more prone to wind damaged than hip roofs.
Hip roofs are more difficult to construct than a gabled roof, requiring more complex systems of rafters or trusses. Hip roofs can be constructed on a wide variety of plan shapes. Each ridge is central over the rectangle of the building below it. The triangular faces of the roof are called the hip ends, and they are bounded by the hips themselves.
A flat roof is a roof which is almost level in contrast to the many types of sloped roofs. The slope of a roof is properly known as its pitch and flat roofs have up to approximately 10°. Flat roofs are an ancient form mostly used in arid climates and allow the roof space to be used as a living space or a living roof. Flat roofs, or \”low-slope\” roofs, are also commonly found on commercial buildings throughout the world.
According to experts, flat roof is the most cost-efficient shape and can lasts up to 10 years or longer if properly maintained.
Moving on to to what roofing material to use, Here\’s the 9 Different Types of Roofing Materials to choose from:
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Sports CS Hon. Ababu Namwamba inspects the ongoing works at the Kipchoge Keino Stadium in Eldoret to assess its status ahead of the CAF inspection slated for July 2023.
The CS was in the company of Sports PS Eng. Peter Tum, Sports Kenya Director General Mr. Pius Metto, Consultants from the University of Nairobi and officials from Uasin Gishu county, among others. Kipchoge Keino stadium is one of the three main facilities identified for the AFCON 2027 bid.