Integrating climate change risk management in Azerbaijan
This project, "Integrating climate change risk management by vulnerable communities in the Greater Caucasus region of Azerbaijan", aims to reduce vulnerability of the mountain communities of the Greater Caucasus region of Azerbaijan to climate change induced water stress and flood hazards by improved water and flood management. This will be accomplished through addressing the management framework at the legislative and policy level, strengthening institutional capacity by introducing new non-structural methods and providing training, and empowering communities to actively participate in water and flood management
Many of the communities of the Greater Caucasus region of Azerbaijan, especially the mountain communities, are at risk from climate induced flooding and water stress. The people have become resilient to the difficult conditions of the region, but now climate change is exacerbating both problems. Reducing the vulnerability of these communities requires proactive adaptation to the impacts of climate change. The current legislative and policy framework for water management is not sufficiently flexible to address climate change or to modernise water and flood management. Institutional capacity is also insufficient to tackle the problems that the impacts of climate change bring, including: increasing flood frequency, damages and hazards, and decreasing availability of and access to water resources. Communities have not been able to actively participate in water and flood management decision making.
For updates on UNDP Early Warning Systems and Climate Resilient Development projects, click here.
Water is unevenly distributed across the seasons and geographic areas in Azerbaijan. Despite an overall trend of rainfall reductions in the country, the mountainous regions of Greater Caucasus experience increasingly prolonged inundations and flash floods during the wet season and extended dry spells during the dry seasons. Variation of water flow may reach 30% between the dry and wet seasons.
Climate change does not only impact water availability but also exacerbates frequency and magnitude of local floods. A sustained increase in rainfall has been recorded during winter and spring months leading to floods and mudflows (the latter occurs in the areas subjected to erosion). Major floods occurred in the Greater Caucasus in 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2002. The frequency of mudflows in the region increased from an average of 2 – 4 per year during the baseline period of 1960-90s, to an average of 15-18 per year in the new millennium (SNC, Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources). At present, the value of assets at risk from flooding is about USD 3.7 billion (Asian Development Bank). Floods and mudflows regularly affect large areas of Azerbaijan, in particular the Kura River and Araz River floodplains (near to and downstream of Sabirabad) and the steep alluvial plains along the tributaries of the Kura and Araz Rivers. The volume of sediments each mudslide brings is between 0.2 and 1.0 million m3. Floods in 2003 caused over USD 50 million in losses and damaged over 7,150 private and public buildings. A 100-year flood event would cover 15,000 km2, affect 300,000 people, and result in damages of $396 million.
Seasonal nature of water availability in the areas of Greater Caucasus prompt local population to move closer towards the flood plain areas and river banks thus increasing exposure of settlements to flood incidents. Protective zones are not clearly defined or observed. Structural measures that are currently favoured and applied cannot offer long-lasting solutions in the face of climate change. Even though structural measure are needed and have already contributed to improved flood protection, they offer 'end-of-pipe' approach rather than sustainable solution to improved water and flood management in the face of exacerbated risks posed by climate change. A complex mosaic of land use in the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus, ranging from the high altitude summer pastures, bordering with forest belt and agricultural small householder land plots, mainly practicing multicrop rainfed agriculture, requires more complex and integrated approaches to addressing the issues of water stress and flood impacts. The normative condition that the project proposes to establish is to sensitize the water management policies and practices to the long term risks of climate change.
Key Results and Outputs
Outcome 1: Water and flood management framework is modified to respond to adaptation needs and improve climate risk management.
- Output 1.1: A package of five Normative Legal Acts (regulations) developed on climate resilient water management at the sub-basin level.
- Output 1.2: The Water Code, Land Code and other related legislation revised to account for climate change risks.
- Output 1.3: Conjunctive Water Management (CWM) model and guidelines for surface and groundwater use under climate change conditions.
Outcome 2: Key institutions have capacities, technical skills, tools and methods to apply advanced climate risk management practices for water stress and flood mitigation.
- Output 2.1: Targeted training program in adaptive water and flood management, scenario planning and risk assessment for MoES and other stakeholders.
- Output 2.2: Soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) introduced for watershed level climate risk assessment and planning.
- Output 2.3: Model flood risk hazard maps and participatory mapping processes improve flood management as part of the land use planning and management.
- Output 2.4: Hydrometeorological observation capacity strengthened by extending the coverage by automated hydromet stations in the highly hazard prone areas.
- Output 2.5: Community-based early warning systems to disseminate water stress and flood risk information to the local communities.
- Output 2.6: Capacity of WUA farming communities increased to adapt to climate change by improving soils and managing land and water.
Outcome 3: Community resilience to floods and water stress improved by introducing locally tailored climate risk management practices.
- Output 3.1: Water User Associations strengthened to improve forecasting and response planning mechanisms, and watershed planning and management skills to cope with CC-induced water stress and floods.
- Output 3.2: Local multi-stakeholder committees established to test and introduce participatory and consensus-based land use planning that integrates climate risks.
- Output 3.3: Pilot climate-risk oriented watershed management plans initiated in each pilot catchment to implement sustainable water and flood management measures and fully account for climate change risks from floods and associated mudflows.
- Output 3.4: Pilot CR-WMP processes replicated across Greater Caucasus region.
- Output 3.5: Locally tailored public information campaign implemented to make flood-prone communities aware of flood risks and effective risk management.
Reports and Publications
Monitoring and Evaluation
Project M&E procedures will be designed and conducted by the project team and the UNDP-Country Office, in accordance with established UNDP-GEF procedures. The principal components of the Monitoring and Evaluation Plan are outlines using the different activities within the project.
Project Inception Phase
- A Project Inception Workshop;
- Based on the information recorded in ATLAS, a Project Progress Reports (PPR) can be generated in the Executive Snapshot.
Annual Project Review/Project Implementation Reports (APR/PIR): This key report is prepared to monitor progress made since project start and in particular for the previous reporting period. The APR/PIR combines both UNDP and GEF’s annual reporting requirements.
The APR/PIR includes, but is not limited to, reporting on the following:
- Progress made toward project objective and project outcomes - each with indicators, baseline data and end-of-project targets (cumulative).
- Project outputs delivered per project outcome (annual).
- Lesson learned/good practice.
- Financial delivery status. For mid-term and final PIR, the co-financing information will be also included.
- Risk and adaptive management.
Periodic Monitoring through site visits:
UNDP CO and the UNDP RCU will conduct visits to project sites based on the agreed schedule in the project's Inception Report/Annual Work Plan to assess first hand project progress. Other members of the Project Board may also join these visits. A Field Visit Report/BTOR will be prepared by the CO and UNDP RCU and will be circulated no less than one month after the visit to the project team and Project Board members.
Mid-term of project cycle:
The project will undergo an independent Mid-Term Evaluation (MTE) at the mid-point of project implementation. The Mid-Term Evaluation will determine progress being made toward the achievement of outcomes and will identify course correction if needed. It will focus on the effectiveness, efficiency and timeliness of project implementation; will highlight issues requiring decisions and actions; and will present initial lessons learned about project design, implementation and management.
End of Project:
An independent Final Evaluation will take place three months prior to the project’s operational closure and will be undertaken in accordance with UNDP and GEF guidance. The final evaluation will focus on the delivery of the project’s results as initially planned (and as corrected after the mid-term evaluation, if any such correction took place). The final evaluation will look at impact and sustainability of results, including the contribution to capacity development and the achievement of climate change adaptation benefits that the project aims to achieve. The relevant Tracking Tools will also be completed during the final evaluation
The Terminal Evaluation should also provide recommendations for follow-up activities and requires a management response which should be uploaded to PIMS and to the UNDP Evaluation Office Evaluation Resource Center (ERC).
During the last three months, the project team will prepare the Project Terminal Report. This comprehensive report will summarize the results achieved (objectives, outcomes, outputs), lessons learned, problems met and areas where results may not have been achieved. It will also lay out recommendations for any further steps that may need to be taken to ensure sustainability and replicability of the project’s results.
Learning and Knowledge Sharing
Results from the project will be disseminated within and beyond the project intervention zone through existing information sharing networks and forums. The project will identify and participate, as relevant and appropriate, in scientific, policy-based and/or any other networks, which may be of benefit to project implementation though lessons learned. The project will identify, analyze, and share lessons learned that might be beneficial in the design and implementation of similar future projects.


Design & Documentation
Concept Design through to Detailed Design
Design is often inferred as the essence of what we, as architects, do. We start by taking your ideas, needs, and objectives to distill these down into a design brief. This is then used to inform the design (or design options) that starts the process of creating your new built environment.
We typically present sketches, plans, elevations, and 3-D views to communicate these design ideas.
As we go through the design process together, the options and ideas are further refined until we have the best design solution to take forward into the construction documentation.
Selection & Engagement of Consultants
Depending on the requirements of your project we will recommend or help you to select the engineers, surveyors and other consultants needed.
This can include structural, services, hydraulic, electrical or process engineers, and quantity surveyors.
We have worked with various companies with a variety of experience, including multi-disciplinary companies. We are comfortable leading a team of consultants or working within a team to bring you the best result for your project.
This is the only way we have of explaining the project to others. Therefore we use a variety of methods depending on the situation.
Design work is typically sketchy and includes layout plans and 3-D views so you can understand what you are getting.
The local territorial authority and builders have a need for different information, so our documentation is more technical. Drawings and specifications create the construction documents, along with construction contracts and tender forms.


RTA Installs Solar Panels At Dubai Metro And Tram Depots
Dubai’s Roads and Transport Authority (RTA) has started the installation of solar energy panels at the Dubai Metro Depots at Jebel Ali and Al Qusais as well as the Tram Depot at Al Safouh. The project, which is expected to be completed by the first quarter of 2024, is set to produce a total of 9,959 megawatts of solar power.
Through this project, RTA is seeking to materialise the Dubai Government's "Shams Dubai" initiative and the Dubai Clean Energy Strategy. It also contributes to the realisation of RTA’s long-term strategy aimed at reaching net-zero emissions by 2050, focusing on three primary sectors: public transportation, buildings and related facilities, and waste management.
The Solar PV power systems represent a key element of sustainable renewable energy sources, which supports RTA’s efforts to improve the efficiency of the infrastructure of facilities. Moreover, solar panels save costs, conserve resources, reduce carbon emissions and enhance environmental sustainability.
The installation of solar panels covers two primary phases. The initial phase is the mechanical setup during which the supporting structures are erected and the PV panels are mounted. The second phase involves the electrical setup, which includes laying out the wiring and establishing connections for the solar energy system. RTA is expected to achieve a total saving of carbon dioxide emissions amounting to 3,962 tons annually.
The total solar energy production amounts to 3,165 megawatts at Jebel Ali Metro Depot, 3,804 megawatts at Al Qusais Metro Depot, and 2,990 megawatts at Al Safouh Tram Depot. The expected lifespan of solar panels is 25-30. A periodic maintenance programme was developed to follow up on energy production readings and monitor the operational efficiency of these facilities.
The solar panel installation project on RTA’s buildings and facilities has been recognised in the MEP Middle East Awards, a reputed regional award that showcases the achievements of individuals, projects and companies in mechanical and electrical engineering.


On-Site Measuring Guide Sectional/Tilt Doors
All measurements must be taken from inside the garage/carport looking out - VILO (Viewed Inside Looking Out).
Step One: Measure the width of the opening at its widest point.
This is the distance between the left and right sides of the finished door opening.
Step Two: Measure the height of the opening at its highest point.
This is the distance between the floor and the top of the finished opening.
Step Three: Measure the width of the areas beside the opening, commonly referred to as 'sideroom'. In most instances a minimum of 120mm sideroom is required on each side of the opening for a Sectional/Tilt Door to be fitted.
Step Four: Measure the height of the area between the top of the door opening and the ceiling (or lowest obstruction), commonly referred to as 'headroom'.
The minimum amount of headroom required for an automatically operated door is 390mm. Any site where the headroom measurement is between 390- 250mm will require a Low Headroom Kit (LHIR) to accommodate this reduced space.
Step Five: Measure the distance from the opening to the rear of the garage (or closest obstruction) to determine the available ceiling space. In most instances a minimum of 3400mm is required for a Sectional/Tilt Door to be fitted.
Note: The above information is intended to be used as a guide only. It is recommended that (where possible) a re-measure and site check be performed by an L.A. Bayside Garage Doors & Gates representative.
• Confirm availability of powerpoint on ceiling for automatic door opener
• Note any obstructions (including lights, structural beams, pipework etc)
• Ensure opening frame and all wood jambs are structurally sound and in good condition.
Please see this colour chart for your colour selection; more premium colours may be available for select doors upon request, at an additional fee. Let us know if you would like us to recommend a colour for you.
For sectional doors, please see this design chart for your design and finish selection; more premium finishes may be available for select doors upon request, at an additional fee. Let us know your design choice as well as if you would like the 'woodgrain' or 'smooth' finish (noting that 'Tuscan' design is only available in a 'smooth' finish).


June 7, 2020
C-VINE (Vetted for Accuracy)
President Trump Creates Solutions For COVID-Related Unemployment
Thousands of Americans look in bewilderment as everything they worked for crumbled right before their eyes. What didn’t collapse with a virus is now being destroy by criminals and rioters.
Contrary to the mainstream media’s narrative, President Trump began rebuilding a dying America 3 years ago and is now doing it again. Instead of relying on foreign imports, with American resources, our economy will be stronger than it has ever been before.
Opinion ~ JoLynn Live (C-Vine Contributor)
Trump Signs Executive Order to Fast-Track Infrastructure Project
Order could shave years off permitting process, boosting jobs, and infrastructure
According to the White House, the damage caused to the economy by the CCP virus means that without intervention, the United States would likely face a sustained and protracted recovery period characterized by persistently high levels of unemployment.
The order aims to expedite transportation infrastructure projects, civil works projects from the Army Corps of Engineers, and infrastructure and other projects on federal lands.
According to the order, the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) has, in emergency situations, provided flexibility to government agencies in complying with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)—a law environmentalists view as essential in determining the environmental impacts of infrastructure and other projects.
According to the executive order, the CEQ’s regulations “provide that when emergency circumstances make it necessary to take actions with significant environmental impacts without observing the regulations, agencies may consult with CEQ to make alternative arrangements to take such actions.” Such emergencies would include, among others, natural disasters, threats to national defense, “and employment and economic prosperity.”
President Trump claims that ordering state agencies to speed up permit acquisition for companies in a range of fields, such as infrastructure and energy, will encourage investment and return jobs to an embattled economy. His plan calls for highway and bridge construction, public works, and energy projects such as pipelines and LNG terminals to be fast-tracked through the permitting process. The responsible agencies are to get the ball rolling within 30 days on projects that have the capacity to kick-start the economy.
Softening Environmental Protections
On Jan. 9, Trump announced that his administration would seek to cut what he called “job-killing regulations” in the form of federal permitting and approval processes, which meant that some infrastructure projects were being subjected to delays of decades before construction could begin—if approved at all.
“We want to build new roads, bridges, tunnels, highways bigger, better, faster, and we want to build them at less cost,” he said, adding that: “We’re going to have very strong regulation, but it’s going to go very quickly. And if it doesn’t pass, it’s going to not pass quickly. It doesn’t have to take 10 years or much longer than that.”
Many of the delays Trump spoke about were due to the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) which requires federal agencies to assess the environmental impacts of federal projects—a process that has become more complex and protracted over the years. Key components of NEPA’s environmental protections include the requirement for (often lengthy) environmental impact assessments and public consultations.
Referring to the CCP virus crisis as “the national emergency,” Trump has now ordered that “agencies, including executive departments, should take all appropriate steps to use their lawful emergency authorities and other authorities to respond to the national emergency and to facilitate the nation’s economic recovery.” This would include taking “all reasonable measures to speed infrastructure investments and to speed other actions in addition to such investments that will strengthen the economy and return Americans to work.”
Will the Environment Suffer?
The move to fast-track a host of infrastructure projects met with some resistance, with House Speaker Nancy Pelosi saying she was disappointed by the move.
“By using the coronavirus pandemic to justify fast-tracking potentially wasteful, dangerous, or destructive infrastructure programs, the president has proven once again his utter contempt for our laws, for the health of our communities and for the future of our children,” she said.
The order also came in for criticism from Sen. Tom Carper (D-Del.), the top Democrat on the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee.
“By allowing projects to plow ahead without public engagement or input, this executive order will fast-track projects that could tear through communities, harm air quality, endanger drinking water sources, destroy critical habitats, and threaten endangered species.”
Getting America Back to Work
Sen. John Barrasso (R-Wyo.), chairman of the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, said he was keen to see America’s infrastructure rebuilt.
At a hearing titled “Infrastructure: The Road to Recovery,” Barrasso said: “As Congress considers what can be done to help the economy recover, funding our nation’s infrastructure should be at the top of the list. Investments in highways and bridges create jobs, reduce costs of goods and services, and grow the economy.”
Rich Nolan, president and CEO of the National Mining Association, also welcomed the executive order.
“Infrastructure does not exist without mining,” he said. “Whether it’s copper for wiring, metallurgical coal required for steel-making, or zinc for galvanization, our transportation, water supply, and energy infrastructure systems simply cannot be built or updated without mined materials. Today’s executive order provides an opportunity to jump-start our economic recovery by ensuring that we are rebuilding and modernizing with American-made materials, equipment, and jobs.”
Nolan said that permitting reforms would help U.S. companies to develop domestic mineral reserves instead of relying on imports. “Now is the time to rebuild the supply chains essential to our infrastructure, national security, and the future health of our economy,” he said.
News Posted by: C-VINE Citizen Journalist, JoLynn Live! She is a Singer; a Wife of 36 years; Home-school mom to 10; Grandma to 11; Chicken Farmer; Patriot; and an active C-Vine News contributor.


Windows can make your basement more aesthetically pleasing and improve safety. Large basement windows, sometimes known as "egress windows," from Pella of Plattsburgh are made to allow more light into underground rooms than the older, smaller, rectangular windows that are put above ground. They also provide a way to get out in case of an emergency.
The biggest distinction between basement, or egress, windows and standard windows is that basement windows are required to be large enough for an average-sized person to make it out in order to meet safety requirements set forth in building codes. You’re able to pick from appropriately sized casement, sliding or double-hung windows when you put in basement windows. Make sure you totally understand local building codes before your purchase of basement windows.


Towards an Optimal Representation of Sub-Grid Heterogeneity in Land Surface Models
In this study we show how a surrogate model can accurately predict the spatial structure of Land Surface Model’s (LSM) hydrological output fields. For a target level of complexity, the optimal LSM tile configuration was determined using a multi-objective Pareto efficiency analysis. We found that approximately 100 tiles can effectively reproduce a quasi-fully distributed LSM setup with 1% of the computational cost. This method provides a path forward to efficiently determine the optimal tile configurations for LSMs while simultaneously considering the spatial heterogeneity and spatial accuracy of hydrologic processes.
John D. Herman
Nathaniel W. Chaney


This month there’s new details on the Aida/Bliss redevelopment. There are still many challenges to overcome to enable residential development so close to the flood defences and incorporating the iconic factory building on what has always been an industrial site. The council have announced a website in order to keep us up to date with their proposed Aida/Bliss factory redevelopment. Details can be found at http://www.derby.gov.uk/aidabliss
Details on the final finishing off of the flood defences in Chester Green are also included (nearly finished….hooray!) and we’re keeping a close eye on these finishing touches!
Despite objections from local residents, Darley Ward Councillors, Emergency Planning officers and Council Drainage officers, the City Council’s Planning case officer recommended for approval the application by Honeypot Investments to convert the historic former Bridge Inn into four apartments plus ground floor offices. This was particularly worrying given the council’s own Highway’s Land Drainage officer who objected strongly:
“…a building of this age in close proximity to the flood defences should not be used for residential use at all as we are still of the opinion that the development is inherently unsafe in flood risk terms. The building should only receive planning permission for less vulnerable uses.” The full planning committee report can be found here.
All this, and more can be found in the newsletter linked below:


Simplicity Incline platform lift
Simplicity Incline Platform Lift - HMP Long Lartin, Worcestershire
Long Lartin already had a platform lift for transporting patients and wheelchair users from the ground floor to the medical centre on the first and the offices on the second floor. Unfortunately it was very unreliable, causing difficulties arranging engineers as well as problems moving category A prisoners when the lift was out of use.
Staircare was approached to quote for the replacement as our surveyor and engineers are CRB checked, the process started by meeting the wing governor and the head of maintenance and discussing what is needed from the lift and who would be using it, the Simplicity was the ideal choice, because the prisoners would not be allowed to operate it themselves, we chose to add a wander lead so that the operator could stay close to the lift rather than using the wall controls. By taking detailed measurements of the staircase we were able to produce a highly detailed drawing from which the quote could be produced. Having successfully won the contract the order was placed with the manufacturers and was ready in just 6 weeks.
As the staircase was a high traffic area and engineers were not to come into contact with prisoners, all work had to be carried out during lock down between 6pm & 6am. The engineers removed the existing lift on the first night and installed the new simplicity over the following nights, we had estimated 4 nights but completed 1 night early, they then returned to site at 10am which was the quietest period in which to close the staircase to demonstrate the lift to the members of staff and maintenance team, and to hand over the simplicity lift to the prison.


Modular Construction A “Big Risk, Big Reward” Investment
When planned correctly, the benefits are substantial, starting with time savings due to the concurrent on-site and off-site construction work, as well as the potential cost savings of a typical construction budget.
- Saves Time
- Limited Possibility of Weather Delay
- No Need to Store Materials
- Lower Labor Costs
- Reduced Volume of Waste
- Mass Production / Limited Variety
- Higher Amount of Complex Decisions / Front Loaded Design
- Approval Process Can Be Complicated
- Risk is on Few Suppliers
- Transportation Costs & Risk
- Difficult Financing Process
While there are more contingencies and risk factors to weigh in project planning, cost savings and convenience can help expand project options for developers and investors.
If planned and executed properly, modular construction can increase efficiency, lower cost, and provide quality layout and material options for a variety of building types.
Avoid managing this process in a vacuum. Work with an experienced team of construction and real estate advisors to help you make the right decisions for your company.


Sustainability On A Large Scale
Westhills is a 210 hectare planned community under development in Langford, British Columbia. Upon completion, Westhills will comprise 6000 homes and 465,000 square metres of mixed-use space. And its heating, cooling and domestic hot water needs will be met by Canada’s largest DESS. Designed and built by DEC.
Thermal energy recaptured from across the entire community (including from such unconventional sources as ice rink refrigeration plants and water treatment plants) is combined with supplementary energy generated from a 212-hole, geo-exchange bore-field to balance the environments of each building on the system. Further, the network is designed to distribute reclaimed water, reducing potable water demand by 50%.


horizontal clean water pump split case irrigation pump
Packaging & Delivery
Standard export package / As customer required for horizontal clean water pump split case irrigation pump 2 wheels trailer pump
Qingdao,Guangzhou,Shanghai or as customer required
7 days after payment
1.horizontal clean water pump split case irrigation pump 2 wheels trailer pump
2.Description of electric centrifugal double suction water pump
Model S pump is a single-stage double-suction horizontal split centrifugal pump and used to transport
pure water and the liquid of both physical and chemical nature similar to those of water, the maximum temperature of which must not be over 80°C, suitable for water supply and drainage in factories,
mines, cities and electric stations, waterlogged land drainage and irrigation of farming land and carious
It is specially designed and manufactured by our company which based on the market requirement and introducing in German lead technology.
Pump through original impeller and modified impeller and cutting, the pump is with full and broad, high efficiency. In the performance scope, according to consumers’ needs, may provide pump with any flow and head.
3.Parameter of our electric centrifugal double suction water pump
4. Structure of our Double suction marine sea water pump
5.Advantages of our Double suction marine sea water pump
b)Both inlet and outlet of this pump are placed under the axial line,so it is unnecessary to remove the inlet and outlet pipeline and motor;
c)The shaft seal of water pump has fine mechanical seal and soft stuffing seal,which can be selected according to different condition by user;
d)The impeller is static-balance calibrated,fixed on the shaft with round nut,and its axial position can be adjustedvia the round nut;
e)The pump is direct drived by motor via resilient coupling,it can be drived by internal combustion engine if it is necessary.
6. Factory and Producing
Thank you for your time to read our product introduction, it's really means a lot, and I know the reason why you check our product is because you really need it, so waiting for your inquiry, so that we can help you with all our efforts!


Team lead, West Coast Route Modernisation
In Railtrack’s West Coast Route Modernisation project a Praxis team worked with Railtrack staff to develop the overall system design for the railway and evaluate this design against the top-level requirements. Requirements for the major subsystems such as track and signalling were developed from the overall design. The overall integrity of the design and the subsystem requirements were managed in a systems engineering database which provided traceability and configuration control over the engineering information and ensured that the same information was re-used in requirements, modelling, design and safety assessment.
Technical lead and consultant
Working with stakeholders in the industry I have elicited requirements for infrastructure projects such as interlockings, control centres and communications systems.
Bombardier Transportation used a Praxis team to define their new requirements process, based on REVEAL, to provide training, mentoring and tool support and to apply it to the requirements for metro rolling stock.
Safety engineer, communication systems
I have carried out hazard analyses and modelling and developed safety requirements for railway communications systems. This has led to the development of an approach to integrating safety, security, integrity and requirements engineering which has been applied on a signalling project.
Consultant, railway system development
Clients developing software subject to railway safety standards such as Cenelec prEN 50128 have used consultancy to ensure that their development processes satisfy these standards.


Many rural homes are not attached to a keys sewer system. These homes rely upon a self-supporting sewage therapy plant called a septic tank.
If you have a septic tank, or are taking into consideration the purchase of a home with one, there are life-saving realities you need to understand about septic storage tanks.
A septic tank takes the sewer from the home, the solids settle out as well as oil floats to the top. In between the 2 layers is a clear watery layer that is piped away to an absorption area where it is permitted to percolate away, through the dirt. Dirt microorganisms break down any kind of nutrients before the sewage reaches the water bearing rocks, or any kind of streams.
Septic storage tanks are generally buried in the ground. There are 3 primary kinds, all which create different concerns.
Steel containers corrosion, especially when hidden in the ground. A steel septic container could be so corroded that it can cause a person walking over it falling with as well as into the storage tank. The hapless person is stifled by the methane created in the storage tank, or check here drowns.
Concrete tanks may be harmed inside, leading to irreversible and also pricey to remedy damage to the absorption drain-field.
The worst containers are those developed from concrete blocks on site. Sometimes the blocks are simply laid and not sealed together. Even if they are cemented with each other years of assault from acidic sewage will certainly dissolve the mortar. These tanks could collapse without caution as well as possibly cannot meet neighborhood planning and also environmental management policies.
Just how do you tell if your sewage-disposal tank has problems?
If there are ANY locations of sunken ground around it STEER CLEAR OF. Call a contractor immediately. If you tip on these locations you could fall with, right into the sewage-disposal tank as well as pass away. These are signs that your septic storage tank has partially broken down.
Look for indicators of solid sewage material in the drain-field location. If the drain-field has been contaminated because the septic system has not been drained frequently, this can be very expensive to rectify.
If you are buying a home with a septic system, you ought to insist on the tank being drained and an investigation by a sewage-disposal tank contractor performed. It is not possible to check out a septic container effectively while it is full.
You may need to spend for a specialist to give you a record, but this will certainly be a small quantity compared to the price of any type of necessary remedial work


Founding Partner, Clarus Law Associates
5-Year B.A., LL.B. (Hons.)
B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), National Law School of India University, Bengaluru – 1995
Piyush Joshi specialises in infrastructure project development and financing. He advises on development, financing, operations and maintenance of projects in the energy sector (power, renewable energy, natural gas sectors), urban infrastructure sector (urban planning, township development, urban transport, metro railway networks, tramways, BRTS, regional railways networks, urban mobility), and environment infrastructure sector (municipal solid waste projects, landfill development, landfill capping and landfill reclamation projects).
Piyush represents lenders, developers, sponsors, private equity investors and corporates in complex energy, infrastructure, and project finance transactions. He has extensive experience in joint venture, private equity and other corporate transactions, including structuring of funds for infrastructure sectors, strategic advice in restructuring of infrastructure projects and exits and recovery of investment from such projects.
Piyush specializes in complex project disputes arising from the life cycle of infrastructure projects, including investor exit and project restructuring. He also has extensive policy advisory experience and has provided legislative and policy analysis to the Government of India and multilateral agencies such as the World Bank.
He has represented regulatory boards in various infrastructure sectors such as PNGRB, APTEL, CCI, advising on litigation strategy for disputes relating to infrastructure projects and as well as all types of commercial/corporate/investment agreements.
- Law Playing Catch-Up with a Virus, 20 April, 2020
- Market Intelligence- Project Finance In India, 30 Jan 2020 | India
- Energy Laws In India. 21 Jan 2020 | India
- AGR Ruling is Unfair to Telecom Players. 22 November, 2019
- Why bowing to U.S. pressure on Iran oil imports will hurt India, 12 July, 2018
- Power sector is still waiting for a workable solution to its troubles, 10 August, 2018
- Slaying the Oil Price Jabberwock: Need to create the Vorpal Blade, 11 June, 2018
- Law Relating to Infrastructure Projects, Lexis Nexis Butterworths, 2nd edition, 2003


Folsom Dam Road, which passes over Folsom Dam, has been closed since 2003 because of security concerns.
The old road was used by about 20,000 drivers each day. Those drivers must now use other routes.
To make up for the closure, a new bridge is being built over the American River just downstream from the dam. The new span will connect Folsom Auburn Road north of the river to downtown, which sits south of the river.
The project is expected to be done in about a year.
"It will be here before we know it," said Rick Lorenz, Folsom public works director.
So far, two huge columns are taking shape. These will eventually support a roadway about 250 feet above the river.
The project will help businesses in the old part of Folsom, said Paula Watson, owner of Planet Earth Rising. Several shops failed after the road over the dam was closed.
"I think it will have a positive effect," said Watson, whose shop sells crystals, jewelry and clothing.


Part-time Contract Civil or Environmental Engineer
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I am available for part-time short- or long-term technical or administrative contract work in a civil or environmental engineering firm. I have 3+ years experience in civil engineering including bridge safety inspection, hazardous waste site inspection, AutoCAD, and database design. I also have administrative experience. I have both technical and interpersonal skills which are needed in combination frequently in engineering firms. I would be happy to take 10 hours (or more) of work off someone's weekly load! Contact me when you need an extra person on a project but do not want to hire a full time employee. I am flexible, multi-functional, dependable, accurate, organized, conscientious, and good at meeting deadlines. My resume is available upon request.
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EBRD Vice President Jürgen Rigterink
Importance of investing into the railway system in Serbia and the Western Balkans, not only for infrastructural interconnection, but also in light of the green agenda.
Railways offer an environmentally friendly, sustainable, innovative, safe and efficient means of transport. However, for many years the railways were suffering from the seemingly unstoppable triumph of the car which has led to underinvestment and the abandonment of once well-established railway connections. Now the tables have been turned. Now is the time to invest in rail to bring Europe and its region closer together in a way that also addresses the environmental challenges of our times. This is an opportunity not to be missed especially for the Western Balkans countries where connectivity remains on top of the agenda. Now is the time to seize the support available and invest in the modernisation of the region’s railways. The EBRD and its partner institutions, EU and EIB, are providing well-structured finance and support for the implementation of investments in line with best international standards and practices.
EBRD is already involved in the modernization of railways in Serbia - how goes the project implementation, are there any problems and which, how much was invested in these projects?
The Bank has been involved in the rail sector in Serbia since the early 2000s and is therefore one the main counterparts of the Serbian Government when it comes to investment and reforms in rail. In total, to date EBRD invested EUR 564 million in the Serbian rail sector in both infrastructure and rolling stock.We are currently working to implement existing projects with Serbia Voz on Train Passenger Station in Zemun and procurement of new electric multiple units for passenger traffic. Supporting only physical investments is only one part of our work. EBRD through investment projects also supports the much-needed sector reforms to strengthen corporate governance, implementing higher procurement and environmental & social standards, youth and gender inclusion.
What are the EBRD's plans for the future, when it comes to railway transport in Serbia?
One of the most important project that we will support is reconstruction of Belgrade-Nis section. In close cooperation with the EIB and the EU, through Western Balkans Investment Fund, we work together to finance the rehabilitation and upgrade of this key rail section of the pan-European transport Corridor X (c. 243 km-long), with the aim to increase speed to up to 200 km/h while enhancing quality of passenger and freight rail services. With this project we will step up investments to support railway development and encourage the modal shift particularly from road to rail. Once finalised, Corridor X will connect Western Austrian with Northern Greece, significantly strengthening European integration all along its route.
To what degree are railways in the Western Balkans connected and adapted to the EU railway network and pan-European corridors?
Railways in the Western Balkans are on a good track to adapt to the EU railways networks and pan-European corridors. We have ambitious plans to improve service quality and speed across rail networks along the extension of the Trans-European Transport Network in line with EU standards, further strengthening of capacities to prepare and implement projects accordingly, improved governance, as well as enhanced safety and maintenance. The priority in the Western Balkans rail sector remains market opening, governance and interoperability.We will continue to work with state railways, private investors and our clients and the governments in the region to achieve these priorities.
What sectors will be EBRD's priorities in Serbia in the coming period?
Key areas of our support will continue to be improving access to finance and know-how for SMEs, providing financing for new private sector investments of local and foreign corporates, which can create new job, or bring into Serbia new, green technology. We will work on promoting investments in renewables, improving energy efficiency in public and residential buildings, introducing smart metering for electricity, and further modernising rail and road infrastructure and operations.


A flood can do more damage to your home than other threats monitored by an alarm system. Flood water is the silent intruder that is meticulous in its destruction. It shows no mercy for the hard work that it takes to replace carpet, baseboards, and wood paneling, to name a few things.
The Use of Sump Pumps
One measure to protect yourself can be to install a sump pump in a basin that will drain water. If you live in a flood vulnerable area, you should be very familiar with these. If you’ve had a sump pump for a certain amount of time you know that you can rely on the pumps to do two things: pump water and, eventually, break down.
Finding your broken sump pump in time can be just as tricky as finding a flood in time, even if your pump is loud enough to be heard. Their pumping can often blend in with other white noise like a humming fridge or the drone of an AC unit.
Going Without A Sump Pump
Sump pumps and their installation are also expensive. If you don’t live in an easily flooded area, it might not be justifiable to install one. After all, are you really saving money if floods only happen once a century in your area?
For most of us, flooding won’t occur unless a pipe bursts or the neighbors leave the sprinkler on when they leave for vacation. A shop vac and an attentive eye can mitigate any flooding that might occur in those instances. Attentiveness is the key when taking protection into your own hands, and having a monitored alarm system in place is the standard when it comes to attentiveness.
Installing A Monitored Alarm
Engineered Alarm Solutions takes a personalized approach when it comes to home defense. We propose a protection system engineered for your own needs. In the case of flood protection, that means creating a system that works with your existing measures and budget. Only with those things in mind can we create the best solution for you.
If your home has a sump pump, you would benefit from our water-sensitive flood units. They detect if your sump pump isn’t pumping water the way it should. If water begins to back up in your sump basin, the unit will alert you to the problem.
Those same water-sensitive units can be installed in a house without a pump. Placed along the baseboards throughout the home, they’ll report a flood the moment it breaks through. That will give you enough time to prevent further damage and stop the flooding in its tracks.
For total coverage, the flood detection system can be paired with our home automation system. With remote access, you can shut off the water main valve and prevent major damage.


Today's homes go beyond convenience and lifestyle to also include an environmentally friendly dwelling. Your CitySide 2 home will be built with the latest advances in energy efficiencies and will benefit from LEED certification.
LEED Certification at the CitySide 2
All of the homes in the CitySide 2 will seek LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certification. This designation will offer home owners a 15 year transferable tax abatement on the value of their homes. This means that construction will be environmentally friendly resulting in extra energy efficient or "green" homes. This provides home owners with lower energy bills for the life of the home as well as eligibility for a 15 year City of Cincinnati tax abatement.
What Is the U.S. Green Building Council?
The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) is committed to transforming the way our buildings are designed, constructed and operated through LEED—the top priority third-party verification system for sustainable structures around the world.
Every day USGBC is helping advance spaces that are better for the environment and healthier for us to live, work and play in. Through our community network, continuous collaboration with industry experts, market research publications and LEED professional credentials, USGBC remains a key driving force in the green building sector.
What is LEED certification?
LEED, or Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, is changing the way we think about how buildings and communities are planned, constructed, maintained and operated. Leaders around the world have made LEED the most widely used third-party verification for green buildings.
LEED homes are built to be healthy, providing clean indoor air and incorporating safe building materials to ensure a comfortable home. Using less energy and water means lower utility bills each month. In many markets certified green homes are selling quicker and at higher prices than comparable non-green homes. Some of the most important buildings in the world use LEED. Shouldn't the most important building in everyone's world use LEED also?
What Types of Buildings Can Be Certified?
LEED works for all buildings, from homes to corporate headquarters, at all phases of development. Projects pursuing LEED certification earn points across several areas that address sustainability issues. Based upon the number of points achieved, a project receives one of the four LEED rating levels: Certified, Silver, Gold, and Platinum. LEED certified buildings are resource efficient, they use less water and energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, they save money.
What are The LEED Certification Measurement Categories?
According to the USGBC there are nine key areas measured by LEED:
- Sustainable Sites
- Water Efficiency
- Energy and Atmosphere
- Materials and Resources
- Indoor Environmental Quality
- Location and Linkages
- Awareness and Recognition
- Innovation and Design
How Does The Certification System Work?
The certification system is set up as a series of prerequisites and credit points. Prerequisites are specific standards your home has to meet to even be considered for certification. Credit points are awarded for a range of optional improvements. The points, awarded for everything from meeting energy efficiency standards to preserving plant life, add up to a certification score.
- Certfied is 45-59 points
- Silver is 60-74 points
- Gold is 75-89 points
- Platinum is 90-136 points
- Total Available Points are 136
The CitySide 2 project has pulled together an expert team that has registered this group of homes for LEED certification. If platinum level status is obtained, the tax abatement would run for 15 years. The improvements would not be subject to real estate tax, and homeowners would pay tax solely on the land per below example.
|Home sale price||$1,550,000|
|2% annual real estate taxes without tax abatement||$31,000|
|Annual real estate taxes with tax abatement||$4,000|
|Estimated annual tax savings||$27,000|
|Estimated 15-year tax savings||$405,000|


Expect lane closures for approximately a week, beginning December 5.
Highway and Bridge Maintenance Division (HBMD) will be performing major bridge rehabilitation on a County-owned bridge on Atlantic Boulevard over East Outfall Canal in Coral Springs. The work will begin on October 24, 2022 and conclude in March 2023, barring any unforeseen conditions and/or weather delays.
The recommended repairs identified by the Florida Department of Transportation will enhance the longevity of the bridge's structure by using an innovative deck-strengthening design and construction method developed by HBMD. This method was created by HBMD and minimizes traffic delays by mainly working on the underside of the bridge. Watch video of the bridge repair method.
Lane closures will occur for a period of less than a month to allow for waterproofing and resurfacing of the bridge deck. A minimum of one lane will remain open in each direction at all times. Access to businesses, residences and sidewalks will be maintained. Various signs will be posted to warn motorists and pedestrians.
The Highway and Bridge Maintenance Division maintains and improves the County's highway/street system, operates drawbridges and oversees mosquito control operations. The Division is responsible for cleaning and mowing rights-of-way, street patching and resurfacing, intersection improvements, canal maintenance and construction, guardrail maintenance, bridge maintenance, street cleaning and stormwater drainage improvements.
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Digital solutions can drive flexibility, greater productivity, and development of new business models in the construction sector. Digitalization not only improves data and information sharing, communication among different players, and monitoring, but also facilitates the implementation of methodologies for testing and surveying.
With the constant improvement of digital technologies, the construction sector has embedded the use of Building Information Modelling (BIM) to improve productivity and quality in building and infrastructure projects, to reduce financial losses during construction, and to provide a basis for developing future services.
When BIM is combined with other innovations such as mobile devices, 3D cameras, the ever-expanding cloud and the extension of internet connectivity into physical devices and everyday objects (Internet of Things, IoT), the boundaries between work phases of the built process are disappearing.
According to world economic forum digitization offers numerous opportunities to increase operational efficiency at various levels.
Digitalization in the construction world is in its infancy. While innovation is booming it still remains scattered and not really organized. Nonetheless, digital in construction will eventually generate usages and breakthroughs that we simply cannot conceive yet. Reinventing ways of working is the key to successful digital transformation.
Launching a new strategy is not really an option but a need. Taking a position soon, aligned with the accelerating market place, is essential to take advantage of the opportunities and to avoid setbacks in the long run.


In most, if not all construction projects, quality and efficacy are of great importance in building structures. There is that need to finish on or before the deadline and to follow the necessary standards to provide the public with a building that’s safe and conducive to all users. The construction business is keen to take into consideration the materials they use, not just in the overall building but also in the temporary structures surrounding it.The temporary structures that make the construction process more efficient in transporting loads or materials are also seen to be of standard to give the construction workers the security they deserve. One of these simple but sturdy and very useful construction support materials is the scaffolding poles or props. Read on to know how these simple steel poles are able to help in construction projects.Support materials while being removed or placed.One of the uses of the adjustable steel poles or props is to support materials while being removed or placed in their position. For example, if you are replacing the old material in your alcove or ceiling, you can just place these poles in there, so that the old material does not have to fall on the ground and unnecessarily hit anyone. For new construction projects, the scaffolding poles can be used to put up decks in order to hold materials and easily transfer them from one level to another usually from upper levels to lower levels.Easily accessible by construction managers.The scaffolding poles are not just easy to use with their adjustable poles and easy lock system but are also available either for rent or purchase. Some construction businesses also offer for hire option to take on the burden from the construction workers of putting up the steel poles. This is a lot easier for others as there is lesser responsibility of the workers on taking care of the props. Though for bigger construction groups, purchasing quality support poles are better to ensure that the project is always on the go and not waiting on the availability of the needed support poles.Various sizes can adjust to the construction needs.Steel props are adjustable in order to handle loads or materials in construction projects but also come in different sizes to cater to different construction needs. From regular sized steel props that can weight from 10 to 13 kg to extra long sizes that can weigh up to 30 kg. Regular sized scaffolding props can hold up to 40KN while the long ones can carry 7KN to be on the safe side. This means that the higher the poles or props go, the lesser the load it can carry. So assess accordingly which you will choose for your construction temporary structures.Construction may be a complex business but knowing its components will make it easy for the outsiders to understand. What is usually seen is the finished product and how it will be of great use to the public. But in any infrastructure the construction of it is the measurement of its quality and assurance that it will be used for a long time.


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Brand: Dura Plastics
The 3/4" Schedule 40 PVC ELL is made of durable, industry approved PVC material. These fittings are used in a variety of PVC applications around the world and are molded with a smooth interior wall resulting in less pressure loss and higher volume than conventional metal fittings.
End Type: Slip x Slip
Max Temperature: 140F
Standards: ASTM D-1784
Listings: NSF approved for potable water services.
Smooth interior wall results in less pressure loss and higher volume
Rated at a maximum temperature of 140 degrees F
PVC fittings never rust, scale or pit
Will provide many years of maintenance-free service and extended system life


Slope workWe're undergoing massive slope redevelopment at the moment. Being the hilly place it is, Hong Kong is prone to rockslides, mudslides, landslides and occasionally houseslides during the rainy season. For years, we've kept the slides at bay by shotcreting the slopes -- smoothing them out and candy-coating them with a layer of concrete shot from high-powered hoses. With a new environmental awareness, we're revisiting the slopes, peeling off the concrete layer and replacing it with layers of green mesh and woven wire before planting grass seed.
The new slopes look great but where there's work in progress, there is also single-file traffic and a certain amount of waiting at improvised traffic lights. When I'm driving alone, I keep my camera in the driver's seat so I have something to do while I'm waiting.


Changing Places toilet installed to make a park in Leicestershire more accessible
A new Changing Places facility has been installed at a South Leicestershire park to make the public toilets more accessible for disabled people.
Improvements to the block in Welland Park, Market Harborough, Leicestershire, have been made by Harborough District Council, which invested £47,000 into the £235,000 project. Money from developers made up £100,000 of the funding, while the remaining £88,000 was provided by disability charity Changing Places UK.
Changing Places UK campaigns to increase the accessibility of toilets in public venues and to ensure everyone can use them in safety and comfort. It has helped install specialist toilets in several locations across the country to cater for over a quarter of a million people in the UK that need Changing Places toilets to enable them to get out and about and enjoy the day-to-day activities.
The Welland Park toilet is the first Changing Places toilet in the district. Features include a height-adjustable changing table and associated hoist, non-slip flooring, reduced ceiling height, privacy screens, and generous manoeuvring space to accommodate for wheelchair users.
Councillor Jonathan Bateman, Harborough District Council’s Cabinet Lead for Open Spaces, said: “We are pleased to be able to deliver toilets for the community that are practical, sustainable and environmentally friendly. This project shows we are continuing to improve inclusivity and accessibility for everyone in the Harborough district.”
The park toilets have been closed for renovations since November last year. It also features spacious baby changing rooms in both the male and female toilets.
The council added that it was exploring the possibility of securing further Changing Places funding for similar facilities to be added in other locations across the district.
An accessible toilet facility was recently installed at event venue the Tropicana in Weston-super-Mare, Somerset.


The interplay between rooflines and architectural elements can transform a house into an artistic statement that resonates with its inhabitants and the surrounding environment. Energy Efficiency In an era marked by environmental consciousness, residential roofing has evolved to address energy efficiency. Roofing materials with reflective properties can reduce heat absorption, thereby cutting down on cooling costs during scorching summers. Additionally, the installation of solar panels on rooftops is gaining momentum, turning residential roofing into a sustainable power generator. This integration of technology and design speaks to the potential of roofs not only as protectors but as contributors to a greener future. Longevity and Investment The durability of a residential roof is an investment in the longevity of a home. High-quality materials and expert installation can extend the life of a roof, saving homeowners from premature replacements.
This longevity also translates to cost savings over time, making the initial investment in a reliable roof a financially savvy decision. Community Identity Residential roofing isn’t just about individual homes; it’s https://paragonroofingbc.ca/residential-roofing-vancouver/ about building communities. The uniformity or diversity of roofing styles within a neighborhood can create a sense of identity and unity. Shared roofing aesthetics contribute to a cohesive visual narrative that defines a community and fosters a sense of belonging. In , residential roofing encompasses more than its utilitarian function of providing shelter; it embodies the very essence of what makes a house a home. From protection to aesthetics, energy efficiency to community identity, the significance of residential roofing is profound.
As we look to the future of housing, it’s clear that the evolution of roofing will continue to reflect our changing priorities, aspirations, and innovations, all while remaining steadfast in its commitment to providing a safe and beautiful haven for families. In the realm of home design, residential roofing trends are undergoing a transformative shift, not only in terms of functionality and durability but also in redefining the very aesthetics of our homes. Roofs, once considered primarily utilitarian, are now emerging as prominent design elements that significantly contribute to a home’s overall appearance and character. This evolving landscape of roofing trends is not only reshaping the way we perceive our homes but also offering innovative solutions that blend style with sustainability. One notable trend that’s gaining momentum is the use of eco-friendly roofing materials. As environmental consciousness takes center stage, homeowners are increasingly opting for sustainable choices like solar shingles, living roofs, and recycled materials. Solar shingles, for instance, seamlessly integrate with traditional roofing materials while harnessing solar energy to power homes.


area The slip on the side of loading was calculated as the difference between the measured slip minus the elastic deformation of FRP rebar between the bond zone and the location of LVDT2 Pertaining test results are summarized as shown in Table 2 and Fig 4 • EFFECT OF SHORT FIBERSRequest A Quotation!
rebar • Works in repair bent bar retrofit precast closure pour and new construction applications • Meets slip criteria of less than 0 10 mm (0 0039 in) • Provides superior fatigue performance • Works with a variety of standard US and international rebar grades • Installs quickly and easily using simple hand tools — does notRequest A Quotation!
Jan 31 2020The American Concrete Institute Founded in 1904 and headquartered in Farmington Hills Michigan USA the American Concrete Institute is a leading authority and resource worldwide for the development dissemination and adoption of its consensus-based standards technical resources educational programs and proven expertise for individuals and organizations involved in concreteRequest A Quotation!
Place Free Form Rebar Along a Multifaceted Surface Place free form reinforcement into concrete modeling elements with complex geometry Best Practices: Free Form Rebar Use these best practices when you place free form rebar Sketch Free Form Rebar Sketch free form rebarRequest A Quotation!
Well known in the construction industry Dextra rebar splicing solutions allow to swiftly connect reinforcement bars of various grades and diameters Our range is divided into 3 applications: Cast-In-Place Mechanical splicing solutions allowing fast high-performance and reliable rebar connections thanks to their parallel-thread systemRequest A Quotation!
Delete every occurrence of "ASTM A 706" and replace with "AASHTO M 31 Type W " Delete Subsection 703 2 1 in its entirety and replace it with the following: 703 2 1 Reinforcing Bars Provide reinforcing bars (rebar) and dowels that meet the requirement of AASHTO M 31 Type c Slip test – according to the table listed in Section 52Request A Quotation!
ריבר יוצרת מגוון שייקים סמוד'יס ומשקאות בעלי מרקמים עשירים שפותחו בעזרת צוות תזונאים שפים ונטורופתים מובילים המסע שלכם לניהול חיים מאוזנים יותר מתחיל פהRequest A Quotation!
Slipform Slipform is similar in nature and application to jumpform but the formwork is raised vertically in a continuous process It is a method of vertically extruding a reinforced concrete section and is suitable for construction of core walls in high-rise structures – lift shafts stair shafts towers etcRequest A Quotation!
SEISMIC LOADING – Withstands plastic strain excursions to 5 x rebar yield strain value and stress reversals in accordance with ICC Acceptance Criteria AC–133 CALTRANS "SERVICE" AND "ULTIMATE" APPROVED – Meets slip test CT670 capable of exceeding 80 000 psi the specified tensile strength of uncoated deformed bars ASTM A706Request A Quotation!
The CAPO-TEST permits performing pullout tests on existing structures without the need of preinstalled inserts CAPO-TEST provides a pullout test system similar to the LOK-TEST system for accurate on-site estimates of compressive strength Procedures for performing post-installed pullout tests such as CAPO-TEST are included in ASTM C900 andRequest A Quotation!
Numerous studies on fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) rebar-concrete bond behaviour have been carried out by many researchers However most of the reported works have focused on the ascending part of bond-slip behaviour especially the maximum bond stress and corresponding slip valuesRequest A Quotation!
A : Section 12 of ASTM A 615-96a Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Billet Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement says that rust shall not be cause for rejection provided the weight dimensions cross-sectional area and tensile properties of a hand-wire-brushed test specimen aren't less than the ASTM specification requiresRequest A Quotation!
CALTRANS "SERVICE" APPROVED – Mee ts slip test CT670 ca pable of exceeding 80 000 psi the specified tensile strength of uncoated deformed bars ASTM A706 (Not classified as Caltrans "Ultimate") AASHTO AND DOT PROJECTS – Exceeds 125% x specified yield (f y) per AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications Capacity to exceed 135% x fRequest A Quotation!
rebar at least 24 inches long inserted at the center Figure 4 With the test specimen placed on a spherical bearing block on top of the testing machine a tensile load was applied with serrated grips An electronic digital indicator measured slip at the free end of the rebarRequest A Quotation!
The reason why the two parts of the rebar and concrete materials can better display their respective advantages is a good bond-slip relationship between rebar and concrete which can fully coordinate the deformation of the rebar and concrete to achieve the purpose of coordination of deformationRequest A Quotation!
Based on comparisons with the test results the normalized bond-slip relationship of RAC can be expressed approximately as steel rebar would be required for ensuring strain compatibility and their composite action between steel rebar and RAC AcknowledgementsRequest A Quotation!
Both enable detected rebar to be viewed in a longitudinal section or as slices at different depths The Ferroscan can provide estimates of rebar diameter while GPR can provide slab and screed thickness Both Ferroscan and GPR data can be downloaded onto a personal computer for further analysis interpretation and printed output usingRequest A Quotation!
The results of the numerical model with two ribs were compared with the experimental results Then the effect of different rebar geometries to the load-slip pull-out curves was studied It is concluded that the influence of rib height and width on the pull-out load in the rebar with 4Request A Quotation!
Aug 08 2018The proposed macromodel reflects bond stress distribution along rebar and hence captures slip responses over the entire rebar stress range The anchorage slip problem is formulated using three governing equations among four bond fields namely bond stress rebar stress and strain and slipRequest A Quotation!


Civil Engineering – Bachelor of Science
Building is one of the oldest of human endeavours. Through the centuries this craft has required knowledge and creativity, and civil engineers are of pivotal importance in this regard. They plan, build and operate homes, stadiums and industrial facilities, as well as bridges, tunnels, airports, roads and railway facilities. In a world without civil engineers we could neither drive, fly, live in houses, work nor produce things; the material basis for a sustainable civilisation and human dignity would simply be missing.
Still, building techniques continue to evolve. Modern buildings today are highly complex entities. Transport and infrastructures are networked on a world-wide basis. New materials and construction methods give way to new opportunities. Computer-supported methods for modelling and manufacturing characterise our daily work routine. And lastly the restoration and upgrading of existing structures and cultural heritage necessitate highly specialised strategies; this area alone currently accounts for half of all construction work in Germany.


Civil Engineering is, in essence, the technical basis for consolidating public policies in several areas, such as housing, sanitation, drainage and transport, among others, as well as for the structuring of the Civil Construction market in these areas. The civil engineer must be prepared, then, to position himself efficiently in this field, developing and performing well his ideas, projects and undertakings. The course trains engineers with specific skills, abilities and insights for the construction sector with sustainability, supported by a good ethical training. Such training distinguishes them in the practice of the profession from the labor market, not only as technicians, but also as opinion makers on the issues inherent to the sector.
The action is quite embracing, involving housing, infrastructure and works for industry and commerce


Asbestos may be found in numerous building materials, typically for the purposes of fire protection, heat and sound insulation, such as partition walls, refuse chutes, roofing sheets ceiling boards, cable penetration insulation, gasket etc.
In Singapore, Asbestos surveys are required for any building work carried out in buildings built before 1 January 1991. Works carried out include demolition, alteration, addition or repair of a building.
Even if no works is to be carried out, we recommend doing asbestos management plan (survey). The purpose of the management survey is to manage asbestos-containing materials (ACM) during the normal occupation and use of premises.
A Management Survey aims to ensure that:
As an Approved Asbestos Removal Contractor in Singapore under Ministry Of Manpower, we have the knowledge, practical experience and resources to effectively carry out our duties for asbestos removal under the law.


Seal repair deals in an instant!
Waterproof Invisible Adhesive repairs any cracks and solve your leaking problem in an instant. With its incredibly strong adhesive action, it acts like a super glue which has industrial-grade adhesive power which is 100% waterproof. The result of advanced rubberized watertight technology formula maximizes strength to set fast and deliver a shock-resistant bond that results to a good aftermath.
Designed to withstand impact, it infiltrates into cracks and forming blockage. It also provides a tough but flexible layer of protection to the applied surface. It also has a long last protection that prevents potential damage and will definitely save your money on maintenance.
Its transparent coating making the glue never yellowing and cracked. Giving you professional-looking results in few seconds. Not only can it be applied on dry surface, but also wet surface. It can be used to any repair of construction materials and gives the best quality results in few seconds.
Repairs cracked surfaces - Water-based and rubberized paste that completely seeps into joints, gaps, and leaks. Creates a watertight barrier on broken surfaces.
Invisible coating - A transparent coating that’s non-yellowing and dry. Paintable for further varnishing.
- Durable - Strong adhesive that permanently binds cracks on most surfaces. Made to have long-lasting protection. Resistant to damage and corrosion.
Safe to use - Formulated with non-toxic, chemical-free materials that’s eco-friendly and odorless.
Wide application - Suitable for repairing walls, ceilings, toilet pipes, roofs, window sills, and more.
- Easy to apply - Simply brush to stop leaks and waterproof all surfaces.
- Volume: 30G AND 300G
- Material: Polyurethane
- 2 x Waterproof Invisible Adhesive
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From January to February of 2020, most countries of the world were going on as usual. Then came the Covid-19 Pandemic, which practically rattled the global economy. Its impact on the economy was particularly alarming as it affected all industries. The construction industry didn’t remain unaffected either. The onslaught of Covid-19 bought on new trends […]
From January to February of 2020, most countries of the world were going on as usual. Then came the Covid-19 Pandemic, which practically rattled the global economy. Its impact on the economy was particularly alarming as it affected all industries.
The construction industry didn’t remain unaffected either. The onslaught of Covid-19 bought on new trends like social distancing among workers, supply chain breaks, problems in cash flow and a rise in teleworking.
This article will give you 10 construction industry trends that will continue in 2021 and most likely will do so in the coming years.
When it comes to the construction industry, safety was never taken lightly. However, the pandemic changed the whole game. Now safety is a top priority. Companies have to take the safety of workers seriously, for even if one worker is affected by the pandemic, the whole operation may have to be halted.
Companies have engaged in various ways to limit the transmission or spread of the virus. They have invested in cleanliness protocols and better equipment for enhancing productivity while keeping their personnel safe.
It is true that in jobs like construction, one can seldom work in isolation. However, there are now smaller crews working multiple shifts. This results in a worksite being less crowded. Additionally, hand sanitizers, gloves, hard hats and masks are readily available at the job site.
The use of living materials may not be a new development in construction, but it is undoubtedly one whose use has increased during the last few years. More and more new homeowners are opting for such materials when given a choice.
We’re talking about the use of bacteria and fungi in construction due to their superior binding ability. These biological compounds grow themselves and are stated to be used in full-scale construction projects very soon.
Construction materials comprised of bacteria and fungi are stronger, lighter and are surprisingly lighter.
For instance, there are Mycelium composites that are made of fungi. These networks of living fungi are found underground. Mushrooms are flowers of such networks. It will be interesting to add that the Honey Fungus of Oregon spans over 2.5 miles underground and is thousands of years old. It does give edible mushrooms, but it is now being harvested by feeding it farm waste.
Another example is self-mending concrete. This concrete is saturated with bacteria, which strongly binds the surrounding materials, creating new structural material. Such material can grow in the pores of the concrete, adding to its strength and impermeability.
The material can grow in fissures and cracks as well and thus repairs and fills them. Such a bacteria is now being developed in creating a unique building material on its own, one that can be made into various sizes and shapes.
By Remote, we don’t mean completely remote construction since that is not possible as of yet. The word here means anything which aids in completing a construction project faster.
An excellent example of this is a drone. Almost all construction projects nowadays see the use of drones. In fact, the construction industry was one of the first ones to use this new technology.
Drones help project managers and supervisors by giving them a birds-eye view of the whole project. This, therefore, helps in discovering safety issues, danger areas, and much more. They even help in estimating quantities of materials on-site and in the making of orthomosaicmaps.
Drones can save you a substantial amount of money due to their accurate assessment of construction materials, reduction of insurance claims, timely progress, giving information quickly, and making quick time and labour adjustments to meet any situation.
In a construction project’s manager’s office, the use of blockchain technology is becoming quite common. This is useful for getting real-time information on transactions, payments, task scheduling and completion, revision of work schedules, and more.
Construction companies are slowly noticing the many benefits of using 3-D printing technology. True, it has both benefits and downsides, but the advantages can’t be ignored. In the industry, 3-D printing is commonly used to lay vertical piles according to a set program and design.
The use of 3-D printing is stated to increase rapidly in the coming years. The technology is being used to create not just vertical piles but entire neighbourhoods! A home development company in Mexico has raised $35 million after doing just that.
In factories, 3-D printing is being used to create more minor components of a larger whole. The material of make is usually plastic.
While it won’t replace injection moulding anytime soon, this technology enables the creation of custom items more affordable for companies.
In the post-pandemic times, modular construction and prefabricated properties shall become more popular. Its use will rise as both the process of manufacturing and the result are ideal for such times.
The creation of manufactured buildings goes through a process that promotes low worker density and social distancing. It saves the company money since it enables fewer employees to move more oversized items with lifts, conveyors and ceiling cranes. Thus, one saves labour costs and enjoys reduced worker density.
Manufactured buildings are typically small enough to be moved by trucks. These are ideal in a world where people desire more separation and isolation.
However, these are ideal for use in urban areas as well. For instance, one can develop additional rooms for a hospital.
Prefabricated buildings are affordable but temporary. This trend will only continue in the future.
Even before the pandemic, design tech was widely used in construction planning. It has come too far and is of too much practical value to be abandoned suddenly. Property designers and contractors can create a virtual model of the property before making the real thing.
You may have heard about AutoCAD or simply CAD and its use in construction. Well, it is slowly replaced by better solutions like BIM (Building Information Modeling.) Such solutions have found use in development property design and its production.
In BIM, there is no drawing. You have a virtual model of the building and can take images to make the drawing set. One can practice constructing the building in a virtual environment before building it in the real world.
BIM and similar solutions are more valuable for builders. Contractors frequently refer to the VDC or Virtual Design and Construction. It allows them to predict problems in connections, coordination, and components- all that before the work can even begin! Thus, VDC and BIM save construction companies money.
The demand for energy-efficient homes is on the rise. These serve two purposes.
People are becoming more energy conscious as each year goes by. They now understand that it pays to conserve power and to save on utility bills. That is why they are now going for smaller but energy-efficient house plans. These properties are budget-friendly and sustainable.
The practice of combining building materials is taking the world by storm, and for a good reason too. For instance, many standalone properties now have brick first floors and wooden second floors. These give aesthetic appeal while adding to durability.
Modern technology makes it possible to have your mix of building materials. Your choice is practically endless, but as long as it is viable, safe and within your budget.
Along with the use of mixing building materials, the use of recyclable materials is also on the rise. People are now more environment-conscious, and thus the rise of eco-friendly materials is here to stay.
Materials used for this purpose include:
These ensure there will not be any waste post-construction. That makes them an excellent choice for those homeowners who care for the environment.
The pandemic has forced many people to work from home. This has bought about a trend where homeowners wish to use their homes for multiple purposes. For instance, they want their homes to be used as their office, or they want to include a gym, a school, etc.
Standard construction materials are getting costly since recyclable materials and hemp are increasingly being used. The problem is augmented by higher import tax tariffs and the loss of jobs.
On the bright side, the rising cost of materials is balanced due to:
The use of French Windows is quite widespread already. However, its use was limited in properties. Now, the use of floor-to-ceiling windows is on the rise. People who can afford them desire more light, calmness and space in their homes, which these windows give.
As you have seen, these are the top new home construction trends in 2021. These trends have a high likelihood of continuing down the years. But one thing cannot be ignored. Most of these trends rose due to the pandemic and its resultant social isolation and for people’s growing love for nature.
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High-rise buildings are a symbol of modern urban development, offering spectacular views and a sense of prestige to their occupants. However, maintaining their pristine appearance is no easy task, especially regarding commercial window cleaning.
In this article, we will discuss some of the common challenges professional window cleaners face in high-rise buildings and explore the innovative solutions they employ to ensure a sparkling facade.
Challenges Faced by Professional Window Cleaners
1. Safety Concerns
Undoubtedly, one of the most significant challenges faced by window cleaners working on high-rise buildings is ensuring the safety of both the workers and the public. Window cleaners work at great heights, often in difficult weather conditions, which can increase the risk of accidents.
2. Access to Difficult Areas
Modern high-rise buildings often feature complex architectural designs, with curved glass surfaces, protruding elements, and irregular shapes. This can make window cleaning more challenging, as professional window cleaners must adapt their techniques and equipment to accommodate these unique features.
3. Weather Conditions
Window cleaners must work in various weather conditions, which can significantly impact the efficiency and safety of the cleaning process. Unpredictable wind and rain can make work conditions hazardous for window cleaners, as well as affect the quality of the cleaning results.
Furthermore, extreme temperatures can impact both the safety of the workers and the effectiveness of the cleaning solutions used.
High-rise window cleaning is a high-risk job, and as such, it is subject to strict safety regulations. Professional window cleaners must adhere to these regulations to ensure their safety and that of the building’s occupants.
This can involve additional time and resources to ensure compliance, further complicating the process.
Innovative Solutions for High-Rise Window Cleaning
1. Rope Access Techniques
One of the most effective solutions to the safety concerns associated with high-rise window cleaning is the use of rope access techniques. This method involves professional window cleaners using ropes, harnesses, and other specialised equipment to descend from the top of the building safely.
Rope access is considered one of the safest methods for high-rise window cleaning, as it allows workers to securely access hard-to-reach areas with minimal risk.
2. Water-Fed Pole Systems
Water-fed pole systems are an innovative solution that allows window cleaners to clean high-rise buildings from the ground. These systems use telescopic poles fitted with a brush and water jets, which can extend up to 80 feet.
The water used in these systems is purified through a filtration process, removing minerals and impurities that can leave streaks on the windows. This method is not only safer than traditional window cleaning methods but also more time and cost-efficient.
3. Aerial Work Platforms
For buildings with complex designs or difficult-to-access areas, aerial work platforms, such as cherry pickers and scissor lifts, can be used to provide window cleaners with a stable and secure platform to work from. These platforms can be adjusted to various heights and angles, allowing window cleaners to easily reach all areas of a building.
4. Eco-Friendly Cleaning Solutions
Many companies are now using eco-friendly cleaning solutions to address the environmental concerns associated with commercial window cleaning. These products are biodegradable, non-toxic, and have a minimal impact on the environment.
Additionally, using purified water in water-fed pole systems further reduces the need for harsh chemicals.
5. Automation and Robotics
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of automation and robotics for high-rise window cleaning. Several companies have developed window-cleaning robots that can be attached to the building’s façade and controlled remotely.
While this technology is still in its infancy, it has the potential to significantly improve the efficiency and safety of high-rise window cleaning in the future.
High-rise commercial window cleaning is challenging and complex, requiring specialised skills and equipment to ensure a pristine facade. Professional window cleaners face obstacles like height, weather conditions, unique building designs, and strict safety regulations.
However, innovative solutions like rope access techniques, advanced equipment, emerging technologies, and ongoing training help overcome these challenges, maintaining the stunning appearance of these modern architectural marvels.
If you’re looking for professional window cleaners in Halifax, look no further than Yorkshire Pro Window Cleaning. As a family-operated company, we take pride in providing exceptional window cleaning services for both commercial and residential properties.
Our skilled window cleaners offer a 24-hour satisfaction guarantee, ensuring your windows will shine like new at a reasonable cost. Don’t hesitate to reach out and request a fast quote from us today!


Enhancing The Quality and Values of Building through Glass Technology Application
One of the world’s largest and fastest emerging economies, Indonesia continues accelerating infrastructure and property development projects as the most imminent challenges for a better positioning in the global economy. A strategic element of infrastructure and property sector development is the glass industry and technology, industrial glass products are increasingly required by the industrial, commercial and professional market segments.
The need for those glass products is on the upward trend in line with the continues growth residential property sectors in commercial and governmental building centers as well as specific infrastructure projects nationwide. The time is now high for industrial glass manufacturers to capture the best and the most from Indonesia’s flourishing infrastructure and property sectors. Even more, Indonesia’s automotive, manufacturing and interior product designing sectors are expecting the best from industrial glass technology advancements. Show and share the best of your industrial glass products at IndoGlassTech Expo 2020.
Tanggal: 1 - 5 April 2020
Tempat: ICE, BSD Tangerang
Info dan kontak:
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The worst flooding in over eight years has been recorded in some areas next to the Potomac River, especially near Washington, D.C. Following weeks of heavy rain and above-average rainfall, all of that water has began to flood the banks of the river.
The Potomac River at Georgetown in the nation’s capital crested this morning at near-major flood stage. Water levels peaked at 9.63 feet, which is the highest water level at this recording station since 10.42 feet in March 13th, 2010. Despite these high levels, there have not been any major problems other than the river overflowing its banks, flooding immediate surrounding areas.
Further upstream at Point of Rocks, the river crested at major flood stage (25.83 feet) Monday afternoon. The water levels are now gradually falling, but this crest was the 17th highest on record at that location.
Thankfully, with drier conditions ahead, these water levels will continue to drop and no flood issues are expected through at least next week in the Mid-Atlantic region.


As cities around the world struggle to address water shortages, Dhaka, Bangladesh, is poised to become one of most populous cities in the world that requires new buildings to collect rainwater on their roofs. Rainwater harvesting is an old idea, but laws requiring the practice in urban areas are only starting to become mainstream. Bangalore, India already requires privately owned buildings to collect rainwater, and in western states in the U.S. are beginning to relax rules that make it illegal.[?] In Dhaka, the city is planning on modifying its building code by the end of this year to make the change.
Why it’s a good idea. Growing cities are straining water resources and droughts can shut off water across a city, yet rainwater in urban areas can be a burden, rather than a boon. Floods of storm water run-off can overwhelm sewer systems, change the flow patterns of surface water, and impact animals and plants in the surrounding area. Meanwhile, Dhaka’s population—more than 15 million people—requires 2.4 billion liters of water a day, but the city can only produce 2.1 billion liters. Stored rainwater can provide an alternative to polluted rivers and dwindling groundwater supplies for drinking.


Plumbing is a vital system for every household that can’t be ignored. Water lines are overlooked way too often A proper plumbing system is Vital to run the house smoothly. Leaks and damage can create serious trouble, no matter how small they are. Our Leak Detection Diamond Bar, CA service offers you a wide range of plumbing services.
Are leaky pipes an issue with your home, apartment complex, or office building? Slab leaks are a common problem, especially in older homes. Water traveling both under and over is a recipe for possible damage. It may be easy to see a water leak coming from a floor above you. Even if your foundation is “waterproof” a leak in the pipes can go unchecked and can produce considerable damage along with high water bills that seem unexplained, Sound familiar?


Primary Causes For Structural Damage Shared by Property Owners
The structure is the most essential structural aspect of your house. Sadly, it is also the least noticeable structural aspect and its problems may not be seen in time. According to the Concrete Foundations Association of North America (CFA), structure cracks cause nearly 80% of the all issues encountered by the majority of house owners.
A Brief on Structure Issues
You do appreciate the sacrifice you made to own your house and it thus behooves upon you to learn more about this common issue. Some indications to look for, inning accordance with CFA, consist of horizontal or stair-step fractures along walls, tilting chimneys, cracks along door and window openings, and bulging walls, to name a few.
With your chaotic day-to-day schedule, it ends up being almost impossible to note these foundation cracks and their symptomatic signs. This calls for more intense home monitoring in order to hire a structure professional right away an indication is potted.
Reasons For Structure Cracks
To appreciate the occurrence of this problem in contemporary structures, consider these major causes:
This is the biggest risk to your structure and by extension to your pricey financial investment. Water pressure can either be upward, better called hydrostatic pressure, or inward, which is technically called lateral pressure, versus your foundation walls.
Too much water in the soil around a structure causes swelling hence pressing against the wall. This soil pressure triggers breaking which jeopardizes your house. Plumbing leakages, poor roof drain and poor grading are amongst main reasons for excess water.
Poor Foundation Compaction
If the structure concrete was laid unprofessionally and the soil around it received insufficient compaction, your house will settle unevenly. The result of such oversight is shifting of your structure leading to cracks due to inadequate support.
Kind of Soil
Extensive soils and clay soils are extremely unforeseeable for foundation building and construction. There are dramatic modifications after the structure is laid with clay spoils expanding in case of too much moisture and shrinking, tremendously causing foundation settling. Heaving and debt consolidation soils will cause foundation cracks depending on moisture levels.
If your home is beside a huge tree or bushes, it is more than likely their roots will exert fantastic pressure on the structure causing hair fractures. It is very important to keep in mind that roots can grow as far away as the height of the tree, which implies no tree should be close to your foundation.
This is an overlooked cause of foundation issue. After all, who can associate lack of water in the soil as a structure hazard? Well, when moisture dries totally from the soil, shrinkage happens leaving a space in between the structure and compacted soil. This enables foundation motion and ultimately cracks.
Extremes in soil wetness levels
The soil surrounding your structure plays a significant role in supporting your structure. Soil broadens when wetness is added to it and diminishes when moisture is eliminated. In times of drought, soil will diminish away from the structure leaving a gap. In times of heavy rainfall, the soil will broaden and push versus the foundation applying more pressure on it. Conclusively, these shifts are what trigger fractures in the foundation.
In hot seasons, the concrete foundation will broaden when it is exposed to heat. Fortunately, when the sun has set and the night is cool, the concrete will contract back to its initial position. Nevertheless, in such environments where extreme heat is a typical occurrence, these changes can lead to fractures in the structure.
Additionally, it's important to make sure that your pipes aren't dripping. more info Dripping pipelines can include wetness to the soil surrounding the structure of your house triggering it to expand and apply pressure on your structure.
When earthquakes happen, they shake the foundation of the home, causing cracks and foundation dripping. This specifically occurs in structures that are not well supported or steady. In time, the foundation compromises as the earth around it is dismembered by the quake. Eventually, the quantity of damage to the structure will depend upon the magnitude of the earthquake.
Although foundations are developed to be resistant, gradually they do wear down. Just as people embrace wrinkles on their faces with age, likewise flaws start to appear in our foundations. If you have a concrete structure, you are most likely to come throughout cracks eventually.
Fractures in concrete foundations are a typical event. In addition, cracks appear as concrete shrinks and expands in reaction to changes in humidity and temperature level in the environment. It is essential to comprehend the underlying reason for the cracks in your structure in order to apply the right structure leaking repair method.
It is hard to discover structure cracks and there is therefore need for professional medical diagnosis by a contractor in order to start timely corrective steps.