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What is Corten Steel Pipe?
This Corten Steel Pipes is corrosion resistant steel, that left uncoated develops an outer layer patina. This patina protects the steel from additional corrosion. We also offer the same in different grades and specifications such as CORTEN A, CORTEN B, ASTM A423 GRADE 1, ASTM A847, ASTM A588, S355JOW, S355JOWP, S355J2W,
S355J2WP, ASTM A709-50W, and so on.
Price of Corten Steel Tubes is quite reasonable across the market. Also known as weathering steel, it is a group of steel alloys which were developed to eliminate the need for painting, and form a stable rust-like appearance if exposed to the weather for several years. The anticorrosive properties of weather resistant steel pipes are better than those of other structural steels in many applications. The enhanced weather resistance is based on the oxide layer, i.e. patina. The use of uncoated weather-resistant steel tubes in steel structures saves surface treatment costs.
Mainly used for: economizer, air preheater, heat exchanger and evaporator in high sulfur flue gas, used to resist condensation corrosion of sulfur-containing flue gas. Excellent resistance to sulfur ions, hydrochloric acid and other acid corrosion.
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In order to offer you the exact quotaiton, could you pls kindly inform us the detailed item, size, material grade, quantity and other requirements.
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- KEWDALE, CARPARK
Location: Coca-Cola Amatil, Kewdale
Project: The transformation of the Coca-Cola Kewdale car park was exciting for WCCD, as we created a safe and more user friendly space for customers, employees and delivery drivers.
WCCD have successfully delivered a variety of civil work projects within Western Australia. With proven processes and systems, and an open and collaborative communications approach with engineers, designers and local regulatory bodies, we can ensure your project is delivered successfully.
Duration: 5 months


Complaints related to alleged violations are received in various ways:
City Council referrals
The person violating a city ordinance or building code may receive the opportunity to voluntarily comply with the ordinance and correct the situation within a reasonable time period.
As soon as a compliance inspection is completed and it is determined that the violation no longer exists, our Code Enforcement case will be closed.
If the person does not comply in the specified time, the City will take appropriate action to resolve the violation which can include legal action or proceedings by the City Attorney and possible citations from the City.
Common Violations & Supporting Codes & Ordinances
Required Permits California Building Code Section R105.1
Maintenance of Accessible Features California Building Code Section 11B-108
General Penalty St Helena Municipal Code Section 1.20.010
Transient Occupancy Tax St Helena Municipal Code Section 3.28
Film Permits City of St Helena Municipal Code Section 5.24
Stormwater and Runoff Pollution Control-Enforcement Authority St Helena Municipal Code Section 13.32.120
Violation-Penalties St Helena Municipal Code Section 15.04.140
Administrative Enforcement Proceedings St Helena Municipal Code Section 17.04.140
Short Term Rentals St Helena Municipal Code Section 17.134
Parking and Storage of Vehicles St Helena Municipal Code Section 17.136.090
Illegal Nonconforming Uses or Structures as Public Nuisance St Helena Municipal Code Section 17.140.050


Wasser Berlin International is Germany’s specialized, international marketing platform for water.
450 exhibitors from 26 countries visited WBI 2017.
19.273 visitors from 86 countries attended WBI 2017
- water management decision makers from the public sector and industry,
- specialists from the building trades, civil engineering, well drilling, waterworks construction and other fields,
- representatives from national and international organizations,
- procurement specialists,
- representatives from industry associations, institutions, science and research.
Official site: http://www.wasser-berlin.de/en/


Village of Nyack Receives $1.48 Million Grant to Improve Streets, Sidewalks To Prepare For Tappan Zee Bridge Tourism Surge
The Village of Nyack will be extending its successful Main Street Streetscape project to the Broadway business district, thanks to a Transportation Alternatives Program (TAP) grant from the NYS Dept of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration.
The $1,484,650 grant will fund new sidewalks, lighting, bus shelters and bike lanes to complement streetscape improvements completed on Main Street in the village in 2012.
“We say ‘thank you’ to Governor Andrew Cuomo and NYS Secretary of Transportation Joan McDonald for their support to improve multi-modal options for getting around our village,” said Nyack Mayor Jen Laird White. “This project will make our community more walkable and safer through the use of improved lighting, revamped sidewalks and ADA compliant intersections.”
The improvements will run the length of Broadway from Cedar Hill Ave (near the the South Nyack border) to Tallman Avenue (approaching Upper Nyack) as well as Church Street to S. Franklin, and S. Franklin to Cedar Hill Ave.
Nyack’s TAP proposal included 8,000 feet of sidewalk running the whole length of Broadway in the village. Additional improvements include four bus shelters, concrete sidewalks, curbing, handicapped ramps to the walks, pavers to create delineated sidewalks, benches, street trees and bike racks. A 3200 foot bike lane from Church Street down to the southern boundary of the Village of Nyack at Cedar Hill will be created with bike lane markings. The bike lane will connect with the Greenway Bike Nyack Streetscape Grant Trail that currently runs through the Nyack River Villages. The project is expected to take about four years to complete.
“Congrats to the Village of Nyack for its receipt of a highly competitive grant award to improve the pedestrian and bus transit environment around Broadway,” says Veronica Vanterpool, executive director, Tri-State Transportation Campaign. “With these investments, the Village of Nyack continues to enhance its desirability as a community to live and visit. More sidewalks, crosswalks, bike lanes, lighting, and bus shelters are the equivalent of a huge welcome sign at the entrance of the Village encouraging people to visit—without having to rely on a car. With the launch of a new bus system in 2018 serving Nyack, and the larger I-287/Tappan Zee Bridge corridor, we hope such vision takes root in neighboring Rockland communities,” she said.
Part of the grant includes funding a new bike lane on Broadway, Church Street and Franklin. On a busy summer weekend, Nyack can get as many as 5500 cyclists ride to Nyack from NYC and North Jersey — a number that is expected to increase when the new Tappan Zee Bridge pedestrian/bicycle “shared use path” (SUP) is completed. “We believe the proposed bike lane along Broadway connecting Nyack’s downtown business district to the future Tappan Zee Bridge Shared Use Path will help local businesses prosper and local residents get around town,” says Dave Zornow of the Rockland Bicycling Club. “And looking to the future, this project would position the Nyack River Villages as a bike-friendly places to visit.” The new pedestrian and bicycle path, connecting South Nyack to Tarrytown across the Hudson, is expected to be a popular tourism destination when the new TZB is finished in 2018. If the TZB SUP proves to be 1/10 as successful as the Walkway Over The Hudson which connects Dutchess and Ulster Counties near Poughkeepsie NY, Nyack and Tarrytown may see an increase of 50,000 new tourist visits each year.
In 2012, Nyack completed an eight year project to upgrade Main Street. The approximately $1.4 million effort was principally funded by HUD Community Development Block Grants (CDBG). In 2013, the village was chosen by Benjamin Moore as a winner of their Main Street Matters promotion to get a free makeover for downtown. However, both of these efforts excluded the South Broadway business district, which the TAP funds will now be used to improve.
Nyack Mayor Jen Laird White credits Congresswoman Nita Lowey with championing this grant on behalf of the village.
“Making our communities more walkable, bicycle-friendly and welcoming will ensure Rockland residents can enjoy local attractions and tourists can experience the county’s natural beauty,” says Lowey. “I have been working hard to secure more federal Nyack Streetscape Grant infrastructure investments that make it easier and safer for New Yorkers to travel throughout the Lower Hudson Valley and to fix our transportation infrastructure and improve our public spaces,” she said.
“These projects will help communities become more walkable and bicycle friendly, as well as show off the natural beauty that exists in every corner of this state,” said NYS Governor Andrew Cuomo. “I thank the Federal Highway Administration and our representatives for helping the state secure this funding so that residents and visitors alike can enjoy New York like never before.”
The Nyack Marketing Association, a non-profit business group which promotes Nyack tourism, applauded the planned improvements. “This project forms a key component to Nyack’s plans and programs to provide a sustainable smart development that is public-transit oriented and enhances Nyack as a walkable and bike-able community,” said NMA Marketing Director Meg Mayo. The Nyack Marketing Association has committed to a $51,000 integrated multi media marketing campaign in 2014 to promote Nyack as a top tourism destination. The campaign features a prominent billboard on the West Side Highway which will be seen by two million motorists during October. The VisitNyack.org billboard includes an autumn scene titled “Presenting our 338th Fall Season.” Earlier this year, Nyack received national exposure as the location for the HBO series “The Leftovers” and as the setting for the movie, “The Skeleton Twins,” starring former Saturday Night Live stars Kristen Wiig and Bill Hader.
New York State Department of Transportation Commissioner Joan McDonald said, “We are investing in projects that meet the increasing public demand for walkable and bikeable communities, while promoting sustainable transportation alternatives, tourism and recreation, and local and regional economic development. Governor Cuomo has shown a historic commitment to investing in transportation infrastructure in New York State, including making bicycle and pedestrian safety a priority.”
•Photos of South Broadway in Nyack: http://tinyurl.com/od9muf9, http://tinyurl.com/koj6vmx
•Photo of VisitNyack billboard on West Side Hwy: https://visitnyack.org/now-appearing-on-manhattans-west-side/
•Governor Cuomo Announces $70 Million in Funding for 68 Bicycle and Pedestrian Projects, governor.ny.gov, 10/27/2014
•Nyack Main Street Streetscape, NyackNewsAndViews 4/15/2012
•Main Street ‘Paint What Matters’ Kickoff, NyackNewsAndViews, 9/13/2013


SYSTEM. (c) The executive administrator shall designate the director of the Texas Natural Resources Information System to serve as the state geographic information officer. The state geographic information officer shall: (1) coordinate the acquisition and use of high-priority imagery and data sets; (2) establish, support, and disseminate authoritative statewide geographic data sets; (3) support geographic data needs of emergency management responders during emergencies; (4) monitor trends in geographic information technology; and (5) support public access to state geographic data and resources. Sec. 16.017. TOPOGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGIC MAPPING. (a) The executive administrator shall carry out the program for topographic and geologic mapping of the state. (b) The executive administrator shall operate as part of the Texas Natural Resources Information System a strategic mapping program to acquire, store, and distribute digital, geospatial information.
standards. ü Acquire new geospatial data ü Update existing geospatial data • Define a common mapping standard to ensure consistent, high quality data for the State of Texas and the public. • Attract partnerships to increase the purchasing power of public funds.
and Groundwater District • Bexar County Appraisal District • Bexar Metro 9-1-1 • Brazos Central Appraisal District • Brazos County Emergency Communications • Brownsville Public Utility Board • Capital Area Emergency Communications District • Central Texas Council of Governments • City of Austin • City of Bastrop • City of Bee Cave • City of Bryan • City of Burnet • City of Cedar Park • City of College Station • City of Georgetown • City of Houston • City of Hutto • City of Laredo • City of Leander • City of Lockhart • City of Marble Falls • City of McAllen • City of Palestine • City of Pflugerville • City of Pharr • City of Port Isabel • City of Round Rock • City of San Antonio • City of San Marcos • City of Tyler • City of Waco • City of Weslaco • City of West Lake Hills • East Texas Council of Governments • Edwards Aquifer Authority • Fort Bend County Drainage District • Hays County • Hidalgo County Drainage District #1 • Hidalgo County Metropolitan Planning Organization • Hidalgo County Regional Mobility Authority • Houston-Galveston Area Council • Laguna Madre Water District • Lower Rio Grande Valley Development Council • McLennan County • McLennan County 9-1-1 • Missouri City • National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency • Railroad Commission of Texas • Sabine River Authority • San Antonio River Authority • Smith County • Smith County 9-1-1 • Smith County Appraisal District • Tarrant Regional Water District • Texas A&M University • Texas Commission on Environmental Quality • Texas Commission on State Emergency Communications • Texas Department of Transportation • Texas Eastern 9-1-1 • Texas Forest Service • Texas General Land Office • Texas Municipal Power Agency • Texas Parks and Wildlife Department • Texas Water Development Board • Travis County • Trinity River Authority • University Lands • U.S. Army Corps of Engineers • U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service • U.S. Geological Survey • USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service • Williamson County State Agency Local/Municipality Regional Agency Federal Agency
from federal, regional and local partnerships Accounting for 37.8% of total contributed funds from 2009-2019. How StratMap Cost Share Benefits Everyone TWDB, Williamson County, City of Round Rock, and San Antonio River Authority Partnered for a Central Texas Lidar Project. TWDB also applied for a USGS 3-D Elevation Program(3DEP) grant after securing competitive bids. AOI Total Square Miles Cost Per Square Mile Tier 1 6066 $149.46 Tier 2 3909 $175.99 Benefits resulting from the USGS/3DEP program joining project • Acquired an additional 2,000 square miles of lidar • Partners saved ~$25.00 per square mile • Savings resulted in additional StratMap lidar project that year • Saving resulted in derivative dataset projects from local/regional partners
What can we do to help you? • What are your pain points? • How can the contracting model help you as a user or as a provider? • What do you want to see on the contract that's different? • What improvements could be made?


Mountain West states getting millions in federal funds for drought resilience
In Nevada, more than $1.7 million will pay for Las Vegas Valley homeowners using septic tanks to convert to the municipal sewer system. This recycles water back into Lake Mead, which is fed by the drought-stricken Colorado River, said Doa Ross, deputy general manager of engineering for the Southern Nevada Water Authority.
“We have a big incentive if we can capture any water to the sewer system – that means we're extending that resource,” Ross said. “Everybody receiving Colorado River water who is on a septic system, that water is delivered and never returned. It is lost for good to this community.”
Ross said there are about 14,500 septic system users in the Las Vegas Valley. Converting them, she added, could save up to 5 billion gallons of water a year.
“Every opportunity we can to conserve recycle, reuse…we just can't afford to let wastewater be water wasted in this community,” she said.
In Colorado, $5 million will be used to build a collector well in Aurora. On the state’s Western Slope, Deutsch Domestic Water Company is getting $585,000 for storage and efficiency improvements.
In New Mexico, $5 million will go toward a groundwater well in Gallup. Another $1.5 million will help pay for new tools and strategies in regions with acequia water distribution systems, which are gravity-fed earthen canals that divert stream flow for distribution to fields.
Enterprize Canal Company, based in southeastern Idaho, is getting $5 million to help fund an aquifer recharge site. Falls Irrigation District, also in the southeastern part of the state, will use $415,606 to add wells to its Snake River Plain aquifer.
Utah is getting the largest chunk of funds among states in the Mountain West. The state has seven different projects receiving a total of about $22.5 million.
This story was produced by the Mountain West News Bureau, a collaboration between Wyoming Public Media, Nevada Public Radio, Boise State Public Radio in Idaho, KUNR in Nevada, the O'Connor Center for the Rocky Mountain West in Montana, KUNC in Colorado, KUNM in New Mexico, with support from affiliate stations across the region. Funding for the Mountain West News Bureau is provided in part by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.
Copyright 2023 KUNR Public Radio. To see more, visit KUNR Public Radio.


Potable Water & Sewer Pump Repairs and Installations
Wondering what potable water is? No problem, It’s defined as any water in the household that is safe to drink by humans (or animals). Water that comes from the tap, for example, would be considered the be potable water. Non-potable water would be the type of water that is regarded as contaminated or unsafe to drink from humans.
Potable Water, It’s The Drinking Water In Your Home.
Now that you know the definition, we can tackle exactly how Parris Plumbing can help you out with when it comes to potable water and sewer pump repairs and installations! A potable water system is something that can aid with making the water in your household safe to drink or cook with.
Thus, if you’re in need of drinking water system maintenance and system installation, potable water system repair, water pump repair, or water tank pump repairs, give Parris Plumbing and Drainage a call to see how we can assist with creating the best possible potable water system for your home. With the help of Parris Plumbing and Drainage, you can be assured that your home will always have on-demand, free-flowing clean water perfect for all cooking, washing, drinking, and eating purposes. Give us a call and our experienced, veteran technicians will work with you to develop a new system or make sure everything on the existing system is working at its peak capacity. Let us know how we can help!
Another vital part of the home system? Sewer pump repairs and installations. If you’re someone that has a bathroom in need of this essential element, you don’t have the benefit of gravity like other bathrooms in the house do! A sewer pump provides for the crucial passage of sewage from your basement bathroom to the disposal. If you have any need for a sewage pump or sewage pump system give us a call! We are experts in water and sewer pump repairs and installations in the Auckland, North Shore, and the Eastern Bays area. Let us know how Parris Plumbing and Drainage can service all of your potable water and sewer pump repairs and installations needs!
Get A Free Estimate
We are more than happy to give advice on which solution is most suitable for your needs, depending on your Plumbing Service requirements. Why not ask us to view your property and discuss the various options with you now. Our advice is free!


A construction risk assessment template is format of the document which is used to assess the risk factors associated with any construction project. These templates are designed by a construction company is accordance with the civic and building regulations so as to find out the possible risks and their solutions as well. Any such template is mainly useful for those who are not clear about the method of framing a construction risk assessment document.
The template proves to be time saving as well as contains all the major details and outlines of the points without which a construction risk analysis is incomplete. Thus the these templates are widely put in use and are available on the web easily.On this website, you can find numerous samples of assessment document under different heading.
“You can Download the Free Construction Risk Assessment Template form, customize it according to your needs and Print. Construction Risk Assessment Template is either in MS Word and Editable PDF.”
Sample Construction Risk Assessment Template:
Training Needs Assessment Template
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Mr. Ang Hwa Koon, founder of our Group, commenced the business of general construction and renovation works as a sole proprietor under the trade name of Hwa Koon Construction and Decoration in Singapore.
We began developing our specialty in performing radiation shielding works.
We decided to operate our business through a private company limited by
shares, i.e. Hwa Koon. Following such decision, Hwa Koon Construction and Decoration ceased operation.
Hwa Koon was awarded a contract for a turnkey solutions project at Alexandra Hospital.
The registration of Hwa Koon Construction and Decoration was terminated and we continued to operate through Hwa Koon Engineering Pte Ltd.
Hwa Koon was awarded an integrated design and building service project by BrainLAB Ltd. at Singapore General Hospital in relation to construction of operating room.
Hwa Koon was certified to be in conformance with ISO 9001 and OHSAS
Hwa Koon was awarded a contract by Hyundai Engineering & Construction
Co., Ltd to carry out radiation shielding works.
Hwa Koon was awarded a contract for an integrated design and building
service project at Tan Tock Seng Hospital.
Hwa Koon was awarded the bizSAFE Level Star certificate by the Workplace
Safety and Health Council of Singapore.
Hwa Koon was awarded a contract for a turnkey solutions project at the
Radiation Oncology Centre of Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital.
Hwa Koon was awarded a contract for radiation shielding works in the
Sengkang General Hospital.


This article examines the application of Waukesha, Wisconsin in 2010 for an exception under the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River Basin Water Resources Compact to divert water from Lake Michigan for its municipal water supply ... This article demonstrates that the approval of Waukesha's Diversion Application is of serious concern and sets a dangerous precedent for the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River.
The Approval of Waukesha's Diversion Application under the Great Lakes -St. Lawrence River Basin Water Resources Compact -- Bad Precedent for the Great Lakes,
41 Can.-U.S. L.J.
Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/cuslj/vol41/iss1/5


Civil Engineering qualification- potentially up to BEng level (depending on progression and desire of candidate).
You will be encouraged and supported to work towards a BTEC NC/HNC in Civil and Structural Engineering on a day release basis and obtain professional qualifications such as ICE Eng Tech or TIStructE.
You will be expected to attend in-house and external training courses, seminars, institution events, and generally comply with the ‘Continuing Professional Development’ requirements of:
- JNP Group’s QA System – ‘Training procedures and guidance notes’.
- The training requirements of the professional body to which you are (or become) affiliated.
You will be encouraged to advance within the project team and company hierarchy within JNP Group.
Meets apprenticeship wage. To be reviewed after 18-24 months, subject to performance in role.
37.5 hours per week
Five GCSE’s Grade 5 - 9, including Maths and English.
- Enthusiastic and personable attitude.
- Good written and verbal communication skills.
- Ability to manage own workload within agreed time scales.
The successful applicant will learn how to prepare technical drawings for construction works including residential estates, commercial and retail developments, hotels, rail projects. You will work as part of an ambitious team to deliver challenging and interesting projects.
This is a great role for someone with the right drive, attitude and ability. Through our structured career development programme, you will be encouraged to progress and develop towards an engineer role.
- Learn how to prepare civil and structural engineering drawings using AutoCAD.
- Develop an understanding of engineering principles of structures, highways and drainage.
- Learn specialist drafting and design software; AutoCAD and AutoCAD Civil 3D.
- Help produce and print packages of engineering drawings and documents for in-house checking and external issue.
- Occasionally attend site with more senior staff to inspect various stages of construction works.
How to apply:
Please email your CV to: email@example.com


GeoTesting Express is a provider of Aggregate Testing Services – ASTM C, Standard Test Method for Materials Finer than µm (No. ) Sieve in Mineral. 1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-9 on Concrete 2 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol . AASHTO T11/ASTM C Materials Finer than µm (No. ) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing.
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These notes and footnotes excluding those in tables and figures shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. Failure of concrete structures leading astm c117 collapse of buildings has initiated various researches on the quality of construction materials.
Unless otherwise specified, Procedure A water only astm c117 be used. Related Products Searching for related products If it is large, the efficiency of the washing operation should be checked.
ASTM C Fine Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing | CTLGroup
The investigation used cement, coarse aggregates crushed stones and water of similar characteristics while sand used had varying levels of impurities and particle shapes and texture. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and astm c117 practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Register or Log in for direct access to additional content.
The term mattress as used in this standard shall astm c117 the astm c117 of gabion mattresses and revet mattresses used in Specifications A and A It is the responsibility astm c117 the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Therefore, when accurate determinations No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Active Risk Management
Clay particles and other aggregate particles that are dispersed by the wash water, as well as water-soluble materials, will be removed from the aggregate during the t Information on the effect of silt and clay astm c117 and organic impurities present in building sand being supplied astm c117 Nairobi County and astm c117 environs as well as their effect to the compressive strength of concrete was lacking.
Clay particles and other aggregate particles that are dispersed by the wash water, as well as water-soluble materials, will be removed from the aggregate during the test.
The objective of this research was to establish level of silt, clay and organic impurities present in building sand and its effect on astm c117 strength of concrete. Collapse of buildings resulting c171 injuries, loss of lives and astm c117 has been largely attributed to use of poor quality concrete ingredients.
Formulation of policies governing monitoring of quality of building sand in Kenya and other developed countries is recommended. Notes are optional and private. In these astm c117, the fine material will be separated more astmm with a wetting agent in the water.
Astm c117 specification does not cover double-fired gla This paper presents the findings on the quality of building sand as sourced from eight supply points in Nairobi County and its environs and the effects of these sand impurities to the compressive strength ast, concrete.
Scientific Research An Academic Publisher. Related Suppliers Searching for related suppliers Link to Active This link will always route to the current Active version of the standard. astm c117
Unless otherwise specified, Procedure A water only shall be used. Clay particles astm c117 other asym particles that are dispersed by The results of the investigations showed that Referenced Documents purchase separately The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but astm c117 not provided as part of the standard. It astm c117 recommended that the concrete design mix should always consider the strength reduction due to presence of these impurities to ensure that target strength of the resultant concrete is achieved.
These notes and footnotes excluding those in tables and figures shall not be considered as astm c117 of the standard. Astm c117 some cases, the finer material astm c117 adhering to the larger particles, such as some clay coatings and coatings on aggregates that have d117 extracted astm c117 bituminous mixtures.
Historical Version s – view previous versions of standard.


The bridge should have a violin on it. The center of the two f- holes should be equidistant between the bridge and the tailpiece of the violin. The bridge is running in a straight line.
Which way should the violin bridge face?
The lower edge of the bridge should face to the left. The bridge needs to be 90 degrees to the violin. Put the strings into the bridge’s grooves and tighten them. The bridge won’t fall if the strings hold it in place.
How high should a violin bridge be?
The bridge end should have a distance between it and the underside of the string that is 5mm. On the side of the G string, there is a thickness of 3mm. On the E string side, there is a message. It depends on whether you are on a full-size violin or a smaller one.
Where should a violin be placed in the house?
A hard case is the best way to store your violin. It’s the best way to protect your violin from damage as it provides a secure place to store it. Violins should never be stored in cold places or near fireplaces. It’s important to keep the atmosphere stable so that the organic materials don’t change.
Can violin bridge affect sound?
The violin’s sound is greatly affected by the bridge and sound post. It’s important that they are in good shape to play the violin.
Should violin bridge be tilted?
The back of the bridge has to be at least 90 degrees. The front of the bridge looks like it is leaning back.
How high of a bridge is too high?
The clearance of bridges on public roads is recommended by the federal government. Most states have a maximum truck height of 13 feet, 6 inches.
How high should bridge be above water?
The bridge’s height is usually between 1.2 and 1.5 meters above the high flood level. The width of a bridge is determined by the traffic survey.
Should I put my violin on the floor?
Violins and violas should be locked in their cases and cellos and basses should be placed on the floor. It’s a good idea to put the endpin as far into the cello or bass as possible when you’re done playing.
Should I hang my violin on the wall?
The room is where the wall is located. It’s not a good idea to leave a violin outside because of the environment it’s in. Dust makes it hard to clean the violin’s nooks and corners.
How far should the bridge be from the nut?
Every guitar should have a location for the bridge so that the break point of the string will be close to the nut. The distance from the nut to the 12th fret is called the scale length.
How deep should nut slot be?
1/3 of the string is above the top of the nut and 1/3 of the nut is below it.
Which way does the bridge go on a viola?
The bridge is parallel to the viola. The inside of the F-holes should be aligned with the bridge’s feet. The lower side of the bridge needs to be placed under the A string.
Where should I position my violin sound post?
What is the best place to put a sound post in a violin? The soundpost is placed in the violin’s body below the bridge foot to support the higher strings. The exact position of the soundpost should be the same distance from the bridge as it is from the bass bar.


Industrial Revolution > Present day
Gallery of Modern and Contemporary Architecture
The Gallery of Modern and Contemporary Architecture, inaugurated in 2007, has approximately a hundred works on view – architectural models, full-scale elements, photos, films and print material. This unique collection shows the pioneering constructions in France from 1850 to our day. From Gustave Eiffel to Jean Nouvel, the thematic presentation provides an overview of the notable events that have determined new ways of conceiving and creating architecture.
In the 19th and 20th centuries, the development of modern societies and of industrial powers went hand in hand with deep-seated transformations in architectural production. The collection reveals the ways in which architects, engineers and urban planners responded their changing society: housing and demographic shifts, economic crises, reconstruction and urbanisation, growth and industry, paid holidays and resorts, cultural democratisation and “sites of memory” – all of which form the backdrop of a history of the built environment underpinning our modern world.
The monumental model of the Crystal Palace in construction, the model of the Opéra de Paris, the general plan of Haussmann’s Paris, photos of the construction of the CNIT, a full-size recreation of Le Corbusier’s unité d’habitation in Marseilles and a model of Jean Nouvel’s Tour Sans Fins – all these and more teach us how to look at and understand architecture. The permanent exhibition tells the story of the people and the buildings that revolutionised the art of building and gave birth to modern architecture. Industrialisation is at the heart of this process: the development of new materials, such as iron and concrete, and of innovative methods of construction favouring technical feats and new forms. Skyscrapers, vast halls, concrete and glass walls, airports and train stations are all spectacular testimonies to this adventure.


Llanelli-based WRW Construction has won a top accolade at the building industry’s prestigious Welsh national awards ceremony in Cardiff.
The building industry’s “Oscar” is the pinnacle of a hugely successful award-winning year for WRW Construction, having already won awards for flagship projects all over South Wales ranging from the new Bryn Primary School in Llanelli, a fire station in Maesteg, a landmark listed building in Newport, a training and development centre in Gorseinon, and a residential field study centre in Margam Park.
“These awards underpin the company trademark of Building On Quality, and to win the accolades of local authorities all over South Wales is very satisfying. Such outstanding success in what is regarded as the Oscars of the construction industry confirms our status as a company excelling within the industry,” said WRW Group Chairman and managing director Robert Williams.
“Each award is very much appreciated by the company. We were against strong opposition in all categories, in some cases against major national companies, so these awards are a tribute to the quality and commitment of the staff, “ he added.
WRW won the Welsh national award for the £3million refurbishment of Newport City Council’s Malpas Court, an impressive 19th century castle-like landmark building. Malpas Court is a Grade 2 Listed Building built between 1834 and 1838 and is hugely significant in the history and heritage of Newport.
The £3million project, involving the conversion and comprehensive refurbishment of the building into modern office accommodation using sustainable and environmentally friendly materials, clinched the prestigious accolade in the annual LABC Wales awards ceremony in the commercial conversion category.
LABC runs local, regional and national awards to recognise companies who design and construct excellent buildings. The awards are made by local authorities to companies for excellence achieved through building standards, technical innovation and sustainable designs.
WRW has already scooped a hat-trick of regional awards which recognise outstanding work in the construction sector:
- The Gorseinon Training and Development Centre (Canolfan Gorseinon). A £5.5million design and building of a new community training development centre, including offices, creche, multi-purpose hall, welfare accommodation, and external works for the City and County of Swansea.
- Maesteg Fire Station. A £3million new build extension and refurbishment scheme for Bridgend County Borough Council.
- Bryn School, Llanelli.A £4million design and construction of a new county primary school and demolition of old school buildings in Bryn, Llanelli, for Carmarthenshire County Council.


on 19 October, 2019 by Admin
Date: October 19th, 2019
It appears that aluminium projects being pursued by the Rowley Government are in jeopardy. These projects are at various stages of nego…
on 12 September, 2018 by Admin
Dr Keith Rowley recently signed a cooperative agreement for the construction of a dry-docking facility in La Brea, between our Government and the China Harbour Engineering C…
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By Victor Balta, UW News and Information
The University of Washington Board of Regents on Thursday approved the location for construction of a new building to house the UW’s Population Health Initiative. The centrally located site will bring together the work of the UW’s Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Department of Global Health and parts of the School of Public Health while creating easy access for collaborators from other departments across campus and guests from around the world.
“This location demonstrates the centrality of this initiative to our University,” said UW President Ana Mari Cauce. “This site will enable students and experts from a full range of disciplines across the UW to more easily collaborate on solutions to the grand challenges we face. Our vision is that the work done in this building will improve the health and well-being of people in our region and throughout the world.”
The roughly 300,000-square-foot building will be located along the east side of 15th Ave. N.E., just south of the intersection with N.E. 40th St. The location is firmly grounded in the heart of the campus while providing a gateway to future development of the west campus and the Innovation District.
This new building will house the Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, and Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation.


What Is Dustless Blasting?
Dustless Blasting works by mixing an eco friendly abrasive media with water in the blast pot. The process is cleaner and more efficient than traditional blasting. During blasting, the media and coatings removed get trapped in water and grounded, eliminating the dust plume. This makes Dustless Blasting efficient, environmentally responsible, and OSHA compliant.
What Can Dustless Blasting Do?
Dustless Blasting will remove any type of coating from many different surfaces; making the old look new, improving the function, and upgrading the look of any surface.


Foundation Specialists inc. is the contractor who was awarded the rehabilitation and upgrading of seven bridges and the new construction of a major viaduct across the San Juan Water Reservoir, along the South Luzon Expressway [SLEX] being presently rehabilitated, upgraded and extended by the expressway new operator MTD.
The South Luzon Expressway is the major link between Metropolitan Manila and all the provinces south of Manila in the Philippine Island of Luzon.
The lack of a reliable railway system, makes SLEX the strategic link to the developing and the developed South Luzon Cities and Provinces, including the City of Batangas, with its new international container port, recently completed.
The first stretch of the South Expressway [as it was then called] was built by the Construction and Development Corporation of the Philippines [CDCP] in the nineteen seventies, when the overall Philippine population was about forty million, and was never upgraded until the present rehabilitation and expansion , in spite of the fast increase of population [90 million at present] and of vehicles.
The rehabilitation and retrofitting of bridges along SLEX, as well as the construction of new bridges, was given by the Expressway Operator MTD to Foundation Specialists , in the year 2007.
Foundation Specialists, inc. ('FS' for short) is a multinational company with Italian roots. Founded in the 70's has been ever since as general contractor a recognized leader in the field of geotechnical engineering, deep foundations, bridge engineering and a designer- developer of construction methodologies and technologies, both 'ad hoc' (i.e. for specific project) and for general application.
FS head-quarters are based in Manila, Philippines, where Foundation Specialists, Inc. has been a leader of the local construction industry for the last 30 years in all fields of application of geotechnical engineering, deep foundations, bridge construction, marine works and infra development in general in the RP and many other Countries, where operates alone or in Joint Ventures with other companies.
In the RP, with a 'AAA' category rating from Philippine Contractors Accreditation Board (PCAB):
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for general engineering and general building, FS has been engaging in the construction of large INFRASTRUCTURES [flyovers, bridges, underpasses, overpasses, wharfs piers, tunnels, roads, mass rail transit systems, hydro power schemes and irrigation schemes], BUILDINGS [residential, commercial, industrial, institutional], INDUSTRIAL PLANTS, MULTI-LEVEL BASEMENTS, projects involving large amounts of FOUNDATION WORKS, for almost three decades now.
Pioneering in the field of foundation engineering, FS has introduced technological innovations on foundation methods such as large diameter bored piles, barrette piles, diaphragm walls, tie-back anchor systems, slurry walls, grout plugs, multi-stage injected steel micropiles, soil-cement columns, vertical drains, ground anchoring, soil stabilization, among others.
Foundation Specialists, inc., a well established leader in the construction industry, has been known since inception for targeting and consistently achieving a high degree of Customer satisfaction, early projects' completion, high quality of work standards, sound financial management.
FS' deep involvement in R D, has permitted the development of technological innovations and of proprietory technologies in the field of engineering.


Civil engineers are typically used by clients that need someone to plan, manage and develop construction projects. They can provide consultation and assist with planning and designing projects, as well as oversee surveys and offer construction management services, regardless of whether it’s a private or a public development project. When deciding on the perfect civil engineer for a project, it’s important to consider several factors. Choosing the right individual for the job will determine how the venture proceeds and is crucial to both the success and the quality of the development phase of the project. Jorge Zuñiga Blanco is a certified civil engineer and shares what attributes to contemplate when looking for someone to manage a construction project.
One of the first things to consider is the accreditation of the individual. Explains Zuñiga, “When looking for a civil engineer for a project, make sure that the person is licensed and permitted by all appropriate government agencies. Ask for credentials and verify these with the local government licensing division.”
Review the work history of the individual, as well. The more experience, the better, but you should also look at the type of work that has been accomplished. For example, if the project calls for the construction of a warehouse, look for experience in warehouse construction. The civil engineer doesn’t need to have exclusive experience managing warehouse projects, but the résumé should provide some type of history in that particular area. A diverse résumé will also be attractive, as it will show that the engineer has a broad range of experience across multiple disciplines. This will lead to faster, more accurate design options, which ultimately means less money spent.
Find out about the equipment and personnel the individual can provide. Make sure he or she can supply all necessary equipment and able-bodied workers in order to feel confident that the project will run according to schedule, saving valuable time, resources and money.
Cost is always a factor when hiring anyone, and the same holds true when looking at civil engineers. Says Zuñiga, “The cost of hiring a particular civil engineer has to be weighed against other factors, including experience and equipment availability to ensure there is a balance between the cost and the quality of the results to be provided.”
Individuals who have a strong background in regulatory changes will also be a better option than someone who has little experience. If a developer wishes to purchase land to construct an apartment complex, for example, a qualified civil engineer with knowledge of regulatory changes will be able to quickly determine if there are any building restrictions imposed on that particular piece of property.
One characteristic that cannot be overlooked is creativity. Creativity is, without a doubt, an important talent for a civil engineer to possess and the level of creativity will be visible in some of the previous projects. This trait will go a long way toward ensuring the project is unique and that the individual isn’t content just sitting back without providing input.
Finding the right civil engineer doesn’t have to be an impossible task. Once the perfect solution is found, make sure to develop the relationship and keep it going so that future collaborations are easily created and projects will get off the ground faster. You will also avoid the hassle of having to repeat the same process every time a civil engineer is needed.
Jorge Zuñiga Blanco is a professional certified civil engineer who has helped different organizations across the globe. He has a diverse background of industries to his credit, giving him the ability to relate and contribute to business owners in a variety of markets, and has been a civil engineer for more than 20 years.


Brownstone apartments. A view from the 50th floor of Prudential Tower.
While this view of the Leonard P. Zakim-Bunker Hill Memorial Bridge doesn't really show you how it spans the Charles River, it was still my best shot of the bridge. This bridge, opened in 2003, is the widest cable-stayed bridge in the world and boasts a total of 10 lanes for traffic. It's an amazing structure.
Thursday we head to Cape Cod. We'll see if I can tackle the Boston traffic and make our way there without getting lost. Hopefully I'll have more pictures for you later in the week.


Jacobs Engineering Group: The Company Behind America’s Trillion-Dollar Infrastructure Spree
From the towering skyscrapers of New York to the sprawling highways of California, the United States is blessed with some of the most impressive infrastructure in the world. But have you ever wondered who makes it all possible? Meet Jacobs Engineering Group – a company that’s been quietly revolutionizing America’s transportation, energy and defense sectors for decades. With its cutting-edge technology and unmatched expertise, Jacobs has played a key role in driving America’s trillion-dollar infrastructure spree. In this blog post, we’ll take a closer look at this engineering powerhouse and explore how it’s shaping our nation’s future.
What is Jacobs Engineering Group?
Jacobs Engineering Group is one of the world’s largest engineering firms. It is a publicly traded company with more than 70,000 employees and operations in more than 30 countries. The company has been involved in some of the most iconic infrastructure projects in the United States, including the Hoover Dam, the Golden Gate Bridge, and the Kennedy Space Center. Jacobs is also a leading provider of engineering and construction services to the U.S. government, with a particular focus on defense and intelligence agencies. In recent years, Jacobs has been awarded billions of dollars in contracts for work on major infrastructure projects related to the country’s “trillion-dollar infrastructure spree.” These include the expansion of Los Angeles International Airport, the development of a new light rail system in Seattle, and the upgrade of New York City’s LaGuardia Airport.
The History of Jacobs Engineering Group
Since its founding in 1947, Jacobs Engineering Group has been a leader in providing professional services to the U.S. federal government. The company has played a role in some of America’s most iconic infrastructure projects, including the Apollo Moon landing program, the Panama Canal expansion, and the construction of the World Trade Center.
Jacobs has also been a key player in the development of America’s nuclear energy program, helping to build many of the country’s first nuclear power plants. In recent years, the company has been awarded contracts for major infrastructure projects such as the California High-Speed Rail system and New York City’s Second Avenue Subway.
As America looks to rebuild its aging infrastructure, Jacobs is poised to play a major role in helping to make it happen. With over 70 years of experience and a proven track record of success, Jacobs is one of the most qualified companies in the world to help get the job done right.
Jacobs Engineering Group’s Involvement in America’s Infrastructure
As the United States looks to rebuild its crumbling infrastructure, Jacobs Engineering Group is positioned to play a major role. The company has a long history of working on large-scale projects, including many of America’s most iconic structures.
Most recently, Jacobs was part of the team that designed and built the new $4 billion Tappan Zee Bridge in New York. The company is also working on an expansion of Los Angeles International Airport and a new transit system in Honolulu.
With a portfolio of projects like these, it’s no wonder that Jacobs Engineering Group is one of the most sought-after firms in the infrastructure space. As America looks to invest trillions of dollars in repairing and upgrading its infrastructure, Jacobs will be there to help make it happen.
The Future of Jacobs Engineering Group
The Jacobs Engineering Group is one of the largest engineering firms in the United States and a major player in the global infrastructure market. The company has been involved in some of the most high-profile infrastructure projects in recent years, including the redevelopment of the World Trade Center site in New York City and the construction of a new international terminal at Los Angeles International Airport.
Looking to the future, Jacobs is well positioned to take advantage of the continuing boom in global infrastructure spending. In particular, the company is targeting growth in emerging markets such as China and India, where it has already established a strong foothold. With its vast experience and expertise, Jacobs is ideally placed to help meet the world’s growing infrastructure needs.
Jacobs Engineering Group has been instrumental in helping the US government fund its trillion-dollar infrastructure spree. Through their innovative approach to project management, they have helped create jobs and enhance the quality of life for millions of Americans by building roads, bridges, airports and more. By staying at the forefront of innovation and progress within this field, they continue to contribute toward a brighter future with even better projects that will further strengthen America’s infrastructure network.


Expand Your Home
While our designers are working with you on design, our construction team will assess the chosen space, take measurements and recommend the best construction methods for your property. Whether you’ve decided to build out or up, EGN is dedicated to guaranteeing the safety of the construction process and the finished project, and will carefully plan and schedule construction to ensure minimal disruption to the home during the build.
To ensure the legality and sound construction of your new addition, EGN will handle preparation of the site plan and apply for all necessary municipal building permits, as well as schedule the required city inspections to ensure all construction remains in compliance with your city’s building codes.
Common Types of Additions:
- Master suite
- Dining room
- Second story
When you plan your project with EGN, you’ll have a dedicated project manager for your entire project and daily on-site supervision, as well as discounts on hardware, appliances, lighting, tiles, floors and more.
Our professionals are bonded, licensed and insured, and we guarantee project completion on time and within budget. Consultations are always free.Schedule A Consultation


Our case studies feature modular space solutions for various industries.
Read on to see how our products are applied, creating spaces that meet the needs of our clients.
The client needed a 3-story building plus an open deck at the top. They were looking for one-stop, fast service, but there were very few suppliers that could offer an all-inclusive plan.
We designed an all-inclusive building that reached 3 storeys, with an open deck that allows the client to monitor the project. The speedy set-up of the site office allowed the client to transfer their operations smoothly and quickly. We could provide a space that met all their functional needs by using our options such as the sanitary units, kitchen capsules and air-con capsules.


- Post Date:March 23, 2022
- Views 567
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Reports to: Airport Manager
Location: Robert Gabriel Mugabe international Airport
Duties and Responsibilities
- Plans, sets up and implements Airport maintenance programmes to ensure the department achieves its mandate efficiently and effectively.
- Establishes work schedules based on the Preventive Maintenance requirements.
- Performs structural inspections on Airport buildings and facilities.
- Plans, schedules and coordinates all Airport Airfield maintenance works and projects.
- Inspects and maintains Runways, Taxiways, Aprons, and Pavements, Airport signage’s, access roads, fireguards and perimeter fence.
- Plans, schedules and coordinates all Airport water and sewer reticulation system maintenance works and projects.
- Ensures all plumbing systems are maintained properly and inspected on regular basis.
- Plans, schedules and implements Airport grounds maintenance works such as grass cutting, clearing of anti-hills, bush clearing, Airfield markings and signs.
- Supervises and monitors works by contractors to ensure standards and safety regulations are adhered to.
- Compiles work estimates and costing for construction works and maintenance works.
- Co-ordinates and liaises with other departments on their maintenance requirements.
- Sets up of safety and healthy standards and procedures to ensure a safe working environment.
- Sets up an asset register and spares inventory.
- Manages the Airport Maintenance Stores.
- Supervises Maintenance team and contractors working at the Airport.
- Produces daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly and annual reports to the Airport Manager.
Qualifications and Skills
- Higher National Diploma in Civil Engineering with at least five (5) years working experience.
- Qualification in Supervisory Management is an added advantage.
- Must have computer Literacy skills.
- Clean Class 4 Driver’s license is a must.
Interested candidates should submit application letters, copies of updated Curriculum Vitaes and certified copies of academic and professional qualifications to:
The Acting Human Resources Manager
Airports Company of Zimbabwe (Private) Limited
Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport
Or email to: [email protected]
Please note that only shortlisted candidates will be contacted.
Closing date for receipt of applications is 25 March 2022.


Track Drive Deflectors (sold in Pairs):
Part # V261000-HYMD-0000 (Right)
Part # V262000-HYMD-0000 (Left)
Designed to clear debris such as Mud and Snow away from the track drive system. Built from from tough UHMW material to withstand impacts and provide long service life.
* should be removed if used in gravel pits, where large rocks can damage scraping surface.


Contrary to popular belief, the construction industry isn’t entirely relying on traditional methods anymore. Just like with any other sectors, it’s slowly learning how to adapt to the latest technological innovations to improve not only productivity but safety and efficiency as well.
As compared to what we used to have in the past, the role of technology is something we can’t deny. It has become crucial in the building sector, even in traffic management to speed up the process, improve communicate, and ensure safety.
As a matter of fact, as we talk about traffic safety, even plastic jersey barriers are embedded with sensors now; as for the construction industry, the use of wearables is highly encouraged.
Here’s how smart construction tech will impact our connected cities.
Back in the days, it’s almost painful to be able to communicate within the construction site as you’ll have to rely on traditional ways to connect with others. Times have changed, and communication has come a long way. With the recent advancements in technology, communicating has gotten easier.
Now, cameras can strategically be placed around the site for the construction manager to be able to view not only the workers but what exactly is happening without having to go to the website anymore. There’s also the VOIP technology that offers a cost-effective way of communication.
Web-based project management systems are also proven to be very helpful when it comes to administrative tasks, and because of that, it enhances overall productivity in the construction site.
Just recently, strategic social media networking practices are also being used to help construction companies have better awareness regarding the construction industry.
Pre-Fabrication Will Allow You to Save More Time
If you’re part of the construction industry, you’re probably familiar with what prefabrication is. If not, this is a process where building components are being assembled off-site and transported to the area where it should be built. You can compare it to snap technology, and unlike traditional methods, you’ll be able to get the job done in a shorter amount of time.
There will also be an increase in cost efficiency, less wastage, and best of all, you’ll be able to ensure the safety of the workers. As for the environmental aspect, through this, there will be less pollution as the components would be assembled in a controlled environment.
Perform Tasks Accurately Through GPS
The beautiful thing about GPS is that it enables the machine to perform tasks right how it should be without having to “manage” it. Likewise, it also lessens the risk of accidents, especially for trainees.
Aside from GPS, drone technology is also gaining more popularity in the construction site. It has a wide range of purpose, such as increasing the overall accuracy of the building process. Despite that there’s still a lot yet to be discovered in this innovation, it’s already helping the construction industry in some ways. For project managers, they can monitor the progress of a particular


This topic for Windows users only. AutoCAD is the latest version of CAD software, indispensable in the construction industry as well as mechanical engineering, it can create 2D or 3D surface engineering drawings. This is one of the famous graphics software developed by Autodesk Corporation. This is a software application for many objects, used for many technical specialities today. AutoCAD Free surely, the engineers of the cartography and civil engineering know this tool much better than ordinary people. Apart from this software, AutoCAD is, in fact, a universal standard. Everywhere in the world, if they are to be mapped, they will all map it to the AutoDesk product. We offer this tool as a negligible gift to engineers and designers of cartography and civilization. Autodesk Inventor Free Download. Before designing with the help of computers, designers had to work with tools such as design boards, pencils, automates, rulers, compasses, and tunes that were much more limited than modern tools like AutoCAD.
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Autodesk has furthermore developed additional variants of AutoCAD that address needs that are discipline-specific. This provides you to definitely edit to look at jobs online as well as on cell phones, seamlessly calculating task information with fellow employees. Clients and co-workers who focus on individual computers without any AutoCAD can easily never access files and want to set up anything and could nonetheless make alterations and adjustments instantly. The transparency land gives you to create alterations being soft along with the used fashions are retained and implemented in subsequent projects. With installing this application we are sure to obtain the utilization of 5 examples, but, they shall need to be downloaded on the internet. The operation is easy also concerning the smartphone.
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Septic Backup in Athens, GA
A septic backup is a nightmare for any homeowner. This particular instance occurred in the basement of this Athens, GA home. The contaminated water and debris came out of the toilet spilling onto the basement carpet. SERVPRO of Athens arrived onsite to do an initial extraction and cleaning of the contamination making it “Like it never even happened.”
Industry standard requires that SERVPRO of Athens remove all affected materials in a category 3 situation. Category 3 water damage is defined as a water damage with pollutants/contaminants that can be very dangerous to health. Septic backups, rainwater or groundwater intrusion, or water that has been sitting for a long duration are all classified as contaminated water source. CAT 3 water damages can be very dangerous to the health of individuals and the structure in which the damage occurred.


Up to what depth can the pumps be functional?
The maximum operating depth is 125 m. This measure includes both the depth of the water and the sent height of the surface (ex. water level in the well 70 m + height of the tank from ground 5 m = 75 m of total prevalence)
How far can the water be carried away from the well?
A storage tank can be placed 2000 m away from the well.
What happens if there is no more water in the well?
The electrical units inside the pump can detect variations in currents within the pump itself (DRY CHECK). The pump will not get damaged if there is no water pumping through the system, the mechanics of the pump function in a separate lubricating oil bath allowing the pump to function anyways.
What maintenance is required and after how long?
The maintenance for the pump is extremely low, usually after 3 to 4 years.
Can I use solar panels with different powers, or do I need to use the recommended solar panels?
Different power solar panels may be used (more, or less powerful) AS LONG AS THEY HAVE ARE 12 V (36 CELLS PANEL). Anyways the more efficient power/performance ratios is the one that the producer recommends.
CAN I USE 24 V PANELS?
IT IS POSSIBLE TO USE INE 24 V (72 CELLS PANEL) INSTEAD OF TWO 12 V (36 CELLS PANEL). OBVIOUSLY THE SUM OF THE PANELS HAVE TO ADD CORRECTLY.
Can I buy the pump and then apply my own solar panels?
Yes. It is possible to purchase the pump itself along with the appropriate electrical units, and install your own solar panels.
Do they work in winter as well?
Yes. It all depends of the amount of solar light that the solar panels can absorb to give energy to the pump.
If the pump is installed in the cold mountain temperatures, what happens to the pump if the water freezes inside the pump lines?
Do I need to install the solar panels close to the pump?
Not necessarily. The solar panels can also be installed far from the pump. IN THIS CASE, THE USE OF WIDER ELECTRICAL CABLES IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED.
Can I take the pump from a well and place it in to another well?
Yes. The installation process of the pump is so easily accomplished that it can be moved from one well to another without any problems.
The use of sun trackers improves the pump performance?
Yes. By 30/40%
Does the presence of sand or other materials in the water such as mud, limestone, and detritus damage the pump?
Yes. Because its mechanical parts are in direct contact with the water.
Is it possible to use the pump for irrigation/watering?
Yes. The pump is particularly suited for drop watering. It can also be used for wide land terrains or vast number of plants (olive groves, vineyards, large gardens etc.)
Can this pump function in salty waters?
Although the pump was designed to work with drinkable waters both for animals and humans, you can still make the pump function in salty waters. This is possible if the pump is equipped with our anti corrosion kit.
Is its installation complicated?
No. its installation is in fact extremely simple and it does not need special equipment.
Can I install more than a pump in one well?
Yes. Its dimensions and its working depths allow multiple installations in one single well.
Can I power the pump with storage cell batteries?
Yes. The Tetraflux and Solarflux can be directly connected to 48 V batteries. The Solarflux pumps can also function with 24 V batteries, but In such event there is the need for a mk2 controller.
Why can’t I use storage cell batteries so to power the pump also dring the night?
Even if they can be theoretically used, the storage cell batteries are advisable only in the event of pure necessity due to the increased costs and complexity of the pump system. It is much simpler, safe and economic to store water rather than electricity.
Is it advisable to use solar panels if I already have at my disposal a direct electrical plant?
From an economic point of view, the use of a pump with energy coming from a direct electrical plant s advisable for very high powers or if the well is really close to the electric plant. If the well is to be located far away from such energy plant, then the installation of long and large electrical cables is required. Still, from an economic point of view, this installation would be expansive and the installation of a solar pump would be recommended.
Is it possible to install floating controllers in the storage tanks or in the supply tanks?
Yes. In fact, the electrical control circuits are already equiped to incorporate floating controllers, all the plugs and connecting clips are in place ready for the installation of the floaters.


Welcome To Sree Poorani Construction
Sree Poorani Construction focuses entirely on the process of building construction. We have built a strong reputation for delivering quality service on time and at an affordable price. We are the leading builders in and around Karaikudi and all over Tamil Nadu.
Established by a strong team of experts, we are one of the most distinguished construction companies in Karaikudi that stands firm to uphold our practise of offering the finest spaces to our customers. With over 10 years of excellence in the industry as a civil contractor, we have been continuously engaged in the positive transition of the properties through on-time completion and are committed to the vision of creating better built environments one can take pride in.
Proprietor Of Sree Poorani Construction
Er. R. Nijanthan. B.E


For Immediate Release
January 20, 1999
Contact: Arlene Salac, Jim Peters
Phone: (718) 553-3015
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has completed its environmental analysis on the installation of Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR) for John F. Kennedy International (JFK) and LaGuardia (LGA) Airports. The study finds that the site that would fulfill TDWR’s mission with the least environmental impact is the former U.S. Coast Guard Station at Floyd Bennett Field, Brooklyn, N.Y. FAA will make its final decision on the installation of the radar in early 1999.
TDWRs reduce the likelihood of weather-related aircraft accidents and potentially save the lives of aircraft passengers and persons on the ground. Also, information from the TDWR assists airport operators and air traffic control improving airport efficiency. TDWRs have been installed at 40 sites across the country. Seven additional radars will be installed across the country.
This environmental analysis, called an Environmental Impact Statement, looked at the potential environmental impacts of the placement of the radar such as air quality, natural resources, radio frequency, visual and socioeconomic impacts. It also took into account the technical requirements for siting the radar such as its distance from JFK and LGA and the angle with respect to the centerline of the runways most used during inclement weather.


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Hinkley Point C nuclear power station
Ovivo UK Limited, was awarded a major contract by EDF Energy, to provide the cooling water intake screening system for the new Hinkley Point C nuclear power station with duration is estimated at 5 years. The scope of work includes the design, fabrication, delivery, technical support during the erection and commissioning of the equipment. Once installed, the Drumscreens will be the largest screens of their type in the world. See press release.
Railway upgrade works (infrastructures, bridges and tunnel)
Morocco Railway Company (ONCF), Construction of 117 km of railways, two bridges and a tunnel between Meknes and Fes. Delegated PMO office, including quantity surveying and quality control.
Ghardaia wastewater treatment plant
Extensive wastewater treatment plants with lagoons systems with an area of 600,000 m³ located 600 km south of the capital of Algiers, at the gates of the Sahara.
Regional desalination plants (9 RO plants)
The EPC contractor was a consortium between an Austrian water treatment contractor and a Chinese civil contractor. The consortium was awarded a design-built-operate contract for 9 desalination plants in the Ouargla region, in Algeria. Project was awarded in 2010, interrupted for about a year by the customer and further delayed for different reasons including the lack of intake water in the boreholes.
Harvest-Power Waste to Energy Plant
The EPC contractor responsible for the design, supply, installation and commissioning of a 2.85 megawatt electrical generation (using methane from biogas) and fertilizer production facility in London Ontario, Canada. The biogas was produced by processing 65,000 tonnes of mixed organic material each year such as market/kitchen waste, fats/oil/grease, etc.
Medupi Power Station
The Medupi Power Station is a coal fired high pressure boiler system designed to produce 4788MW of total power or 798MW from each of its six boiler units. Source water for the boilers will be piped from a raw water reservoir. The EPC contractor is responsible for the design, supply, installation and commissioning of the ultra-pure water treatment plant and condensate polishing plants.
RWE coal-fired Power Plant
The project involved the design and installation of a wastewater treatment plant to be able to discharge to a site of special ecological interest. The Project was let in two phases, phase one Design and the second phase was the Plant construction. Subsequent change orders have increased the overall scope and value.
Carrington Power Station
Design built type of contract to deliver a water pre-treatment plant and treatment plant from the Manchester Shipping Canal and River Mersey in Partington. Work performed for the M&E subcontractor.
Sea water desalination plants
The Federal Electricity and Water Authorities (FEWA) seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plants at New Qidfa and Al Zawrah, United Arab Emirates produce respectively 13,650 m3/day and 27,300 m3/day of potable water from Gulf of Oman with energy recovery technologies. The EPC Contractor was awarded a design-built contract in consortium with a local civil contractor for the civil works and building services.
Pan-Pac Pulp and Paper
The EPC Contractor was awarded a FIDIC design-built contract to upgrade the existing wastewater treatment plant to accommodate the two plant operation modes (BCTMP and TMP) and comply with the new environmental regulations. The scope included design, civil, mechanical, electrical works, and all process equipment, testing and commissioning. The biological treatment system mainly consists of a primary dissolved air floatation (DAF) unit, two moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) basins, two activated sludge (AS) plug-flow aeration basins followed by a secondary clarifier.


The Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT) is seeking public input on widening I-35 from four to six lanes between mile marker 100 just south of Ladd Road (mm 101) to just north of SH-9 West (mm 106) at the Cleveland and McClain County line.
The proposed projects include the addition of a new I-35 lane in each direction and widening the shoulders as well as adding a center median barrier wall.
Additionally, the interchange ramps at Ladd Road, SH 74 and SH-9W will be modified as necessary to accommodate the added lane capacity.
These projects are designed to improve safety and efficiency to accommodate expected traffic volume growth within the existing corridor right-of-way.
This work is anticipated to occur in two phases with the northern portion estimated at $24 million and tentatively scheduled for construction later in 2023 while the estimated $38 million southern portion is tentatively scheduled for 2025.
The public may find more details online at https://www.i35mcclaincounty.com/ through Wednesday, January 25.
The purpose of the virtual public meeting is to inform the public of the proposed projects and to solicit comments about the environmental and societal impact of the recommended widening of I-35 in McClain County.
Written comments concerning this project may be submitted by January 25 in one of the following ways:
• Online at https://www.i35mcclaincounty.com/;
• By mail to the Environmental Programs Division Engineer, Oklahoma Department of Transportation, 200 N.E. 21st St., Oklahoma City, OK, 73105; or
• By email to email@example.com.
To request an accommodation, please contact the ODOT ADA Coordinator at 405-521-4140 or the Oklahoma Relay Service at 1-800-722-0353. For ADA or Title VI questions, email ODOTfirstname.lastname@example.org.
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Materials stored on site before and during building should be protected from rain.
Use a waterproof cover.
Plan the deck carefully before commencing any construction work.
Spend time preparing the proposed site. Remove all vegetation, apply a proprietary weed killer and weed block. To prevent further growth underneath the deck we would recommend the use of a geotextile membrane.
Don’t bridge the damp course or cover airbricks if fixing to the side of a house.
All fixings should be stainless steel, hot dipped galvanised or coated specifically for exterior use.
All cut ends and drill holes on all timber deckboards, joists, posts and balustrades must be treated with a suitable proprietary end seal.
We would recommend the use of a balustrade system on all decks for greater safety. Balustrades can also help deflect wind on exposed decks or on decks where you require extra privacy from neighbours.
What type of Deck should you choose?
American Style: Straight balusters, patrice newel and chunky hand and base rails will create an American look with clean straight lines.
Colonial Style: Turned balusters and newel posts with a traditional hand and base rail creates a tranquil country style.
Decking patterns are often overlooked at the planning stage, but they can greatly effect the overall appearance of the finished deck.


The Pennsylvania Concrete Masonry Association coordinated with a third party investigator to conduct a STUDY of INITIAL COST of CONSTRUCTION MULTI-RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES.
The objective of this study was to develop a construction cost model to accurately evaluate the relative construction cost of a multi-family building constructed using six different construction materials - wood, steel, masonry, precast, ICF - using the 2015 International Building Codes. Multi-family includes small hotels, apartment buildings, condominiums, student housing, elderly housing, and others.
In summary, the findings proved that concrete masonry is cost competitive and in many cases less expensive than light weight conventional wood frame and light gage steel framing!
Go to www.BuildingStudies.org to review an Executive Summary of the Report for cities Edgewater, NJ and Towson, MD as well as numerous additional cities studied including Baltimore, MD and Washington DC.


Dr. KRAKOW Rohstoffe GmbH offers complex services for the striking and exploration of clay raw materials.
The professional prospecting and exploration of clay deposits requires decades of experience. This concerns the choice of location as well as the type and number of bore holes in particular. Due to reconnaissance mistakes, several million investments were lost up again and again. As a result, production plants were built at the wrong place and will be a source of high costs for purchasing external raw materials
Systematic preliminary prospecting survey of resource rich greater area. Sampling operation in existing regional outcrops in the planned exploration area.
Sinking by drilling the first holes in a widespread grid. Creation of a drilling concept with type, number, location and final depth of the exploration boreholes.
Geological supervision of the drilling as well as documentation of the cores. Individual adaption of the drilling schedule depending on initial results.
Qualified core sampling and transportation to our ceramic laboratory for an extensive raw material examination. In case of foreign orders, handling all formalities.
The raw material investigation includes the measurement of ceramic-technological characteristic value in our ceramic laboratory. Geo-referenced documentation of the exploration results with site plan, drill logs, geological profiles and ISO plans.
Compilation of all application documents for the approval procedure. Coordinate the scope with the responsible authority and ministry.
A distinction is made between the preliminary prospecting survey and direct and indirect exploration methods. The preliminary prospecting survey includes the providing, review and evaluation of all available geological data as well as the preliminary investigation of a licensability considering competing utilization.
The intention of the preliminary survey is the striking of potentially clay rich areas and the creation of a drilling schedule with type, number and drilling depth of the planned exploration points. These points are to be documented in site plans and assessed with regard to their estimated costs.
The direct exploration cover all kind of drills and test pitting by hydraulic excavator. Other methods such as seismic measurements, drill hole surveys and geophysical measurements on the terrain surface belong to the indirect exploration methods.
Drilling methods and drill diameters primarily comply with the type and quality of the required raw material samples. Generally drilling methods in which the bore hole cuttings are extracted as intact as possible are preferred. Due to the lacking erosion resistance of plastic clay as well as overlying unconsolidated rocks, dry drilling methods should be used. The boreholes are normally lined according to the drilling progress, so that no bore hole detritus gets into the cuttings.
In order to prevent settlement and environmental damage, the boreholes should be carefully filled by complete borehole linings/casings. In case of encountering confined groundwater the hydraulic barrier effects of the original interlaminar bonding have to be restored by filling up the borehole with technical swelling clay.
Out of many various drilling methods, the combined ramming core/ cable core drilling SK6L is the most advisable one. In order to obtain completely intact and depth equal raw material samples out of the geological formation of category 1 - 5 according to DIN 18 300 (clay, loam, marl and other granular soils), the ramming core sampling is successfully used.
The ramming core pipe with a drill bit, which should be adapted to the substrate, is driven into the ground with a pile hammer. After that, a casing pipe (diam. 168 mm) is drilled around the ramming core pipe, which secures the borehole wall. The core pipe is then detached from the bottom of the borehole and is pulled back by a cable catch mechanism. A drill core diameter of 101 mm has been generally accepted, because the ratio of the gotten samples to the borehole diameter is very convenient.
For the exact exploration of geological formations of category 6 - 7 according to DIN 18 300 (claystones, shales, phyllite and other solid rocks) the rotary cable core drilling with double core tube is the preferred exploration method. The prevalent drilling diameter is 146 mm with a resulting core diameter of 101 mm. The drilling fluid is pumped with piston pumps out of a flushing tank or flushing pool and runs through the drill rods between the outer and inner pipe (casing and core pipe). This technique largely avoids the core of being negatively affected by the drilling fluid.
The core quality and core extraction decisively depend on the choice of used drill bits. The core extraction has to be at 95 %. For solid clays, hard nail bits or corborite-coated bits are generally recommended. Using the cable core drilling method, it is possible to drill uncased core drillings (with exception of the standard pipe) of several 100 meters. This makes it an economical drilling method to obtain a 'clean' exploration with intact and depth equal core samples out of solid rock formations.
With a hydraulic backhoe, geological formations of category 1 - 5 according to DIN 18 300 can be easily explored up to depths of about 5 meters beneath the surface. Especially the large-scale trial pit proportions, like the extraction of large sample quantities with low expenditure of time and costs, make this an advantageous method. In a short time many outcrops can be excavated and geologically investigated.
Negative points of this method are the low depth of exploration and the extent of field damages. Afterwards, the outcrops have to be closed thoroughly and surface compatibly. Above all, it is recommended to excavate trial pits during the exploration to narrow down the exploration grid and obtain sufficient sample quantities.
Geophysical measurements on the terrain surface are methodically based on the tracing of boundary surfaces between layers of different physical properties, such as the propagation velocity of seismic waves or the electrical resistance. The prerequisite is that the substrate is preferably only two-layered and that these layers differ as clearly as possible from each other in the above mentioned properties.
Advantages of this method are the comprehensive exploration and the comparatively low expense. The limitations result from the required correlation between the obtained geophysical data and the measurements of the direct exploration, generally of core drillings. In case of positive indication of direct exploration methods, geophysical exploration can recommended to narrow down the exploration grid.
Arrangements for the deposit exploration are generally associated with a high expense and risk. Therefore, all results should be accurately documented. For this purpose, all exploration points and sampling locations have to be geo-referenced and documented in appropriate maps. To provide proof of the deposit, which is required from the authorities, visual field results/bore logs have to be confirmed by qualified laboratory tests. It has to be proven that the explored deposit has a sufficient dimension.
In line with a separate ceramic-technological test, it has to be shown that the explored deposit is actually suitable for the intended purpose. In reference to the brick and tile industry, it is necessary to roughly differentiate between the main product groups of bricks, clinker bricks and roof tiles. The period of excavation procedure vary from one country to another. The procedures become more and more complicated over time. In the EU, periods of five to ten years are realistic. These lead times are underestimated over and over again. Often with fatal consequences.


Superior quality in every detail of construction ensures an unparalleled standard of excellence from the inside out.
Designing and Constructing a building in Indonesia and especially in Bali can be quite challenging.
Following the local administrational rules and applying for the building permit requires experience which TIGA KOTAK can provide.
We are building in Indonesia for many years and therefore have access to all necessary sources to make this process smooth and hassle free for our clients. TIGA KOTAK is based on a solid foundation based on trust, honor and unshakable ethics with local authorities.
Being effective means reducing time and cost for our clients.
We created TIGA KOTAK for one reason, because we work very well together as a team.
Each single person of our team brings in expertise in different fields.
We believe our clients should enjoy the process of constructing their property instead of having sleepless nights.
We understand our clients in their feeling when creating a vision. A property is like a child, it needs attention and careful guidance so it can grow. We want our clients being able to chose their level of involvment in this growing process.
In most cases clients start their project with finding the architect.
He starts designing the building and during this process the clients need to find a contractor.
The architect will recommend several contractors he has experienced to work with.
In most cases he already knows which contractor is the one that can translate his drawings into reality.
We are taking this step further. We already are one big team.
From day one of the design process our team works as one.
So even our first predesign will already come with information about cost effectiveness.
Once the client agrees to a design, our team will make sure that construction can start immediately.
Very simply said - time and cost saving do matter when it comes to effective project development.


Regions Plaza is a 24-floor office high-rise located at 1180 West Peachtree Street in Atlanta, Georgia. The building was completed in 2001 and renovated in 2014. The building currently serves as the Georgia headquarters for Regions Financial Corporation.
The building is located on the corner of 14th Street and West Peachtree Street which is the latitude line that defines the center of Midtown. Its parking garage entrance is located at 1217 Spring Street.
Prior to 2013, the building was known as Atlantic Center Plaza.
At the time it was completed, Atlantic Center Plaza was the tallest building in Atlanta and it remains a landmark in the city's recognizable skyline. Built by Beck, its ...


Shur Farms offers scholarships
Shur Farms is providing a grant and scholarships to individuals - one grant at $500 and two scholarships at $250 each. Please reply asking for the application at email@example.com
2015 Grant Winner: Engineers without Borders, Lindsey Weinholtz – Southern Illinois University Carbondale
Their goals are to provide the community of Las Mojarras, Guatemala with running water, improved sanitation, and a higher quality of living. The community consists roughly of 550 people, with about 25 families in the community having access to running water. The storage of water causes sanitation issues, leaving latrines a scarcity in densely occupied areas. Currently they are working on a water distribution project to provide water to the remaining areas of the community. They have a 5 year commitment to the community and this will allow their students to apply what they have learned in class to the engineering field.
2015 Scholarship Winners: Please apply and ask for an application.


CNPS Public Forums
Plant Conservation Issues
> rescuing plants on construction sites
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rescuing plants on construction sites
03-30-2011, 02:27 PM
is there an organization or some existing framework by which people can rescue native plants from sites that are going to bulldozed and built on?
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Ontario Rewards Barrie With $6.34 Million for Exceeding 2023 Housing Targets
Funding can be used to invest in housing- or community-enabling infrastructure
BARRIE — Today, Premier Doug Ford announced that Ontario will be providing Barrie with $6,344,201 in funding through the Building Faster Fund as the city has exceeded its 2023 housing target, breaking ground on a total of 1,716 new housing units last year.
“Barrie is getting it done on housing and we are proud to reward them for their success,” said Premier Doug Ford. “I’m so proud of Mayor Alex Nuttall and his council colleagues for exceeding their housing targets last year. My challenge to Mayor Nuttall and to every mayor in Ontario is to get even more homes built in the coming years so we can make life more affordable and keep the dream of homeownership alive for families across the province. We’ll be there to support you every step of the way.”
Announced in August 2023, the Building Faster Fund is a three-year, $1.2 billion program that is designed to encourage municipalities to address the housing supply crisis. The fund rewards municipalities that make significant progress against their targets by providing funding for housing-enabling and community-enabling infrastructure. Funding is provided to municipalities that have reached at least 80 per cent of their provincially assigned housing target for the year with increased funding for municipalities that exceed their target.
“I would like to thank the province for recognizing one of the top performing municipalities in Ontario, the City of Barrie, for delivering on our commitment to build 23,000 homes over 10 years,” said Alex Nuttall, Mayor of Barrie. “This funding will further propel our efforts in creating a variety of housing options to suit the needs of our growing city, including our young people and seniors, while ensuring Barrie remains a thriving community to call home.”
Any unspent funding from the Building Faster Fund will be made available for housing-enabling infrastructure to all municipalities, including those that have already received funding as a result of reaching their targets, through an application process. In addition, ten per cent – or $120 million – of the Building Faster Fund is being set aside for small, rural and northern municipalities to help build housing-enabling infrastructure and prioritize projects that speed up the increase of housing supply.
Learn more: https://news.ontario.ca/en/release/1004316/ontario-rewards-barrie-with-634-million-for-exceeding-2023-housing-targets
- In 2023, Ontario reached 99 per cent of its target of 110,000 new homes, which includes housing starts, additional residential units and new and upgraded long-term care beds.
- Ontario broke ground on 18,992 rental starts in 2023, the highest number of rental starts on record.
- The province saw nearly 10,000 additional residential units created in 2023 – which includes changing single family homes into multi-unit residences or converting commercial office space into residential use – and nearly 10,000 new and upgraded long-term care beds.
- Ontario has introduced significant investments in municipalities to support housing-enabling infrastructure, including $200 million over three years for the Housing-Enabling Water Systems Fund and the $400 million annual Ontario Community Infrastructure Fund.


A time impact analysis is a comprehensive method of inspection that focuses its research on the impacts of potential delays in the construction process. It is a method that lays the foundation for later agreements and negotiations; thus, safely carrying out a time impact analysis is significant.
Project owners in the UAE are rapidly opting for professional time Impact analysis solutions from construction claims consultants Dubai because the fast life there demands it since nobody wants their construction delays to take longer than usual or leave loopholes in the construction process.
This article aims to sum up all you need to know about delay or time impact analysis and the expectations and ways associated with it.
What is the time impact analysis in construction work?
Time impact analysis is an assessment method that determines the extent of potential delays. When applied in a construction process, it sets a foundation stone for carrying out an in-depth analysis using existing work schedules and the new reason for delay added to it to demonstrate delays.
When is the method needed?
The delay impact analysis is needed on major occasions, such as contractors failing to provide remediation instructions or fail to get back onto the track. Along with this, there could be underlying delays in events that are undergoing construction activities.
Lastly, there is a need to model delays if they are taking longer than usual; thus, TIA is used as an additional tool, and more methods can be deployed in conjunction with TIA.
Time to change the approach
There are certainly lots of expectations associated with time impact analysis, which cannot be met unless the actual project schedules aren’t updated. Not only this, but TIA will fail to determine the real output if input data is not renewed out of recent construction activities.
The delay-impact analysis includes the minimum possible steps to cover the number of activities that depict the causes of delay. As a follow-up, professionals should come up with a schedule to impact and add the latest impact activities to cater to all the necessary adjustments for project scheduling.
As a step further, the recompilation of CPM and a formal notice of change in completion date is to be prepared. Last but not least, determine the amount of project delay along with its deterioration from the final date of completion.
Time impact analysis summed up
The best possible summary of carrying out a time impact analysis is to study in detail the scope of directed change and analyze the extent of the delay. Along with this, focus on all the contract documents and their clauses in detail. Along with this, acquire the services of construction claims consultants for time impact analysis and to identify all related construction activities that can cause delays.
The key to effective time impact analysis is to dig deeper into the inspection and come up with a detailed set of documents that clearly states the actions that took place and the consequences of those actions, thus providing a direction for further resolution.