Sustainable Technology: A Path to a Greener Future
Sustainable technology is a way to use technology that is environmentally friendly and aims to minimize the use of natural resources, reduce pollution, and lower greenhouse gas emissions.
Renewable Energy Sources
Renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydropower, are capable of producing energy without depleting natural resources or producing harmful emissions.
Energy-Efficient Appliances and Building Materials
Technology for energy-efficient appliances and building materials, such as smart homes and sustainable materials, can reduce energy consumption and lower greenhouse gas emissions.
Electric Vehicles and Public Transportation Systems
Electric vehicles (EVs) and public transportation systems powered by clean energy sources, such as electricity or hydrogen fuel cells, can reduce transportation sector’s emissions.
Water Conservation and Treatment Technologies
Water conservation and treatment technologies, such as smart irrigation systems, can reduce water usage and prevent pollution.
Green Building Design and Construction Practices
Sustainable building design and construction practices can reduce the environmental impact of buildings through energy-efficient design and materials.
Sustainable technology can help to create a greener and more sustainable future through renewable energy, energy-efficient appliances and building materials, electric vehicles, public transportation systems, water conservation and treatment technologies, and green building design. These technologies, when implemented widely, can greatly reduce the negative impact of human activities on the environment and mitigate the effects of climate change.


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|Title:||Characteristics of Concrete Incorporating Waste Marble Powder|
|Abstract:||In the present study, the influence of using marble waste as fine aggregates in concrete is investigated. Seven mixes were prepared by varying the replacement levels of marble waste from 10 to 60%. The w/c ratio of the mixes was kept constant at 0.5. The effect of using marble waste aggregates is investigated in terms of workability, mechanical strength of concrete, permeation properties and durability properties of concrete. The various durability properties investigated in the study included abrasion resistance of concrete, drying shrinkage, resistance of concrete when subjected to external exposure to severe sulphuric acid and sodium sulphate exposure. All the studies are supported by micro-structural analysis of concrete. Test results indicate that marble waste can be incorporated into concrete to improve its strength and permeation properties, with the maximum improvement obtained at 40% replacement level. The improvement in properties of concrete with the incorporation of marble waste can be attributed to better filler effect provided by marble waste, due to presence of more fines in the particle size range of 1.18mm - 300μm, which led to refinement of pore structure. Along with this, the angular sizes of marble waste aggregates helped in better bonding and improvement in interstitial transition zone of the resultant mix. At the chemical level, marble waste improves the binding ability of the mix. The reaction between calcite present in marble with C3A of cement provides a compact structure and helps in improving binding capability of the concrete matrix. Micro-structural analysis also revealed densification of concrete matrix, which is attributed to refinement of pores because of both physical and chemical changes in the concrete matrix. The fact that marble is largely an inert material and has filler effect on the properties of the resultant mix, is confirmed from the SEM and XRD analysis which shows major phases formed in all mixes remained same, irrespective of the replacement levels of marble waste. Incorporation of marble waste as fine aggregates led to reduction in drying shrinkage strain of concrete mixes. During 270 days of drying duration, the ultimate shrinkage strain reduced gradually from 478×10─6 mm/mm to 332 ×10─6 mm/mm as the percentage of marble waste is increased from 10 to 60% of fine aggregates. A shrinkage prediction model incorporating 28-day compressive strength, drying duration and proportion of marble waste used, is proposed. The proposed model had high correlation coefficient (R2) which indicates its effectiveness in predicting drying shrinkage accurately. The mixes were subjected to 3% sulphuric acid solution for a period of 180 days. The mixes were continuously monitored in terms of visual appearance, weight loss and compressive strength loss. SEM images and XRD patterns were also analysed to understand the performance of various mixes in severe sulphuric acid exposure. The mixes with marble waste were observed to have better performance towards severe sulphuric acid exposure. It is due to the high acid solubility of marble waste, due to which it had greater acid neutralizing capacity locally. It helped in reducing the local acid concentration and hence the rate of acid attack on compounds of concrete. In mixes containing marble waste, calcium carbonate present in marble waste reacts with sulphuric acid to form gypsum. Since marble waste is available for reaction with acid, reaction of cement hydration products with sulphuric acid is delayed; thereby delaying the conversion of cement hydration products into gypsum and ettringite. The exposure to 5% sodium sulphate solution for 18 months indicated that the incorporation of marble waste helped in arresting the sodium sulphate attack. The mixes incorporating marble waste registered lower weight loss, lower compressive strength loss and expansion of the mixes reduced drastically. Lower expansion demonstrated that lesser amount of gypsum and ettringite were formed, which are mainly responsible for expansion and ultimate degradation of concrete under sodium sulphate exposure. Also, at the physical level, permeability of the mixes with marble powder decreased to the extent of exposure. Overall, the results confirm that marble waste has the potential to be used as an alternate fine aggregate to improve overall performance of concrete for sustainable development.|
|Appears in Collections:||Doctoral Theses@CED|
Files in This Item:
|Thesis copy_library.pdf||6.16 MB||Adobe PDF||View/Open Request a copy|
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Definition of Elevator Guide Rail Alignment Gauge:
Elevator Rail Alignment Gauge, which is called Elevator Guide Rail Alignment Tool, or Ruler. It is a new kind of high precision elevator guide rail installation tool, and suited for guide rail installation technology with scaffold and no scaffold.
Guide rails are used to guide the vertical movement of an elevator in an elevator shaft. There are two guide rails on the opposite walls of the elevator shaft and the elevator is linked to the guide rails through guide shoes or guide rollers facing the guide rails. Guide rails are constructed from multiple guide rail sections that are connected to each other from their vertical ends to form a continuous guiding structure for the elevator. The connection between two adjacent guide rail sections is secured through a connecting element, for example a fishplate, that is attached to both guide rail sections through bolts or similar. The guide rails are attached to the walls of the elevator shaft through brackets. The accurate alignment of the adjacent guide rail sections is necessary to prevent disturbances in the elevator path when it moves over a junction of two guide rail sections and to ascertain that the guide shoes or guide rollers touch the guide rails. The guide rail alignment gauge and the method for correcting guide rail alignment errors are in particular, but not only, intended for elevators, especially for passenger or cargo elevators of buildings. So, the elevator guide rail alignment gauge is a safety tool to ensure the elevator car is running in safe. Here is the Elevator Guide Rail Alignment Gauge from ElevatorVip. If you need, please contact us.


At Paragon Partners, we share the vision of our public and private sector clients to implement Infrastructure and Energy projects that improve the quality of life for millions of citizens. We embrace the opportunity to contribute to the successful fulfillment of each client’s vision through providing proficient, cost-effective program and project management.
When evaluating a project’s unique needs, we designate a team of subject matter experts, led by one of our experienced project managers. Our team’s industry expertise, unwavering commitment to excellence, strong work ethic, proven processes and collaboration with each client maximizes productivity, leverages costs, mitigates risk and efficiently achieves project milestones.
Public agencies and private clients with key Energy, Public Infrastructure, Transportation, Telecommunications and Water projects engage us for turnkey Right of Way and Real Estate Program / Project Management services, including:
- Program/project management and administration
- Management plan development
- Automated project tracking and reporting, utilizing our software applications and custom GIS technology
- Quality control/quality assurance
- Project controls
- Cost controls
“For over 10 years, we have depended on Paragon Partners for its full-service Right of Way project management services. From acquisition to property management and relocation, Paragon Partners is an essential contributor to the success of our major transportation project.”
CEO of Public Agency


Commercial Roofing Services
Southern Coast Roofing provides all New Commercial roofing systems including single-ply and multi- ply (TPO) and APP and SBS modified Bitumen roofing systems. Life expectancy and warranties varies on useful service life requirements. Maintenance schedules along with projected repair and or replacement analysis are provided on all new roofing systems. Photo voltaic high-Energy efficiency and green roofing systems providing superior energy efficiency are available. Reinforce Acrylic Elastomeric low slope roofing systems have become the preferred product for green applications. These materials consist of (TPO) thermal poly olefin, (PVC) poly vinyl chloride, (EPDM) rubber and reinforced acrylic elastomeric. A low initial expenditure and cost per year of annual useful service life offer an alternative the high cost of new construction. Warrantable useful service life expectancy is typically 10- 20 years. These roofing systems require annual periodic inspections and maintenance in one to three year intervals.
Metal roofs have many distinct advantages over other roofing materials. They are durable, lightweight, easy to install and are fireproof. With a wide variety of colors and styles to choose from, Southern Coast Roofing can achieve virtually any look you want for your home.
Modified Roofing materials, more technically known as Polymer-Modified Bitumen, are special types of membranes used in a type of Built-Up Roof system. Like a BUR roof, special roofing sheet material is placed between layers of hot or cold bitumen, or asphalt. Modified Bitumen Roofing uses polymer sheets that have been coated in special materials like talc or sand to provide added UV protection, weight, structure, and durability to the roof.
Modified Bitumen Roofing is an incredibly durable and waterproof type of roof system that can last for decades. It is also highly resistant to UV and weathering, and the sheets inside the layers can be modified (more insulation, for example) for the climate or property owner’s needs. A modified bitumen roofing system can’t be used on a flat roof, as it needs at least a little slope. It is also a heavier type of roofing meant for sturdy structures, and installation is a delicate process that requires professional handling so certain materials don’t react to each other.
TPO stands for Thermoplastic Olefin/Polyolefin, and it is a type of plastic sheeting that reacts to temperature, hardening as temperatures drop and softening as it warms up. This is advantageous because it can withstand weathering better than traditional plastic or rubber sheeting used in roofing. Known as a “roofing membrane,” this type of roofing material is applied in one layer known as one ply.
The main advantage of TPO roofing materials is cost, as it is a very economical option that offers decades of protection. One ply thermoplastic roofing membranes are great for roofs with a low slope that don’t get walked on, as it is a one layer thin membrane. They’re also great for constructions where weight is a factor or there might be movement in the structure. Because of the nature of the material, TPO roofing is ideal for climates that experience serious temperature changes throughout the year.


Pipe misalignment which occurs due to deficiencies in design, fabrication, assembly, and installation practices may have serious consequences for flange misalignment, and gaps occurring between the process pipe and its supports.
Pipe misalignment also occurs after pipeline installation due to many causes including weight of pipe itself, internal pressure, wind and seismic, or pressure pulsations created by vibration sources such as compressor and pump.
Tozen flexible and expansion joints maybe employed to assure proper alignment as well as the correct installation gap. Flexible joints can be engineered to meet any of our customer’s specific requirements to accommodate offsets of pipe runs due to misalignment and available for all general application including severe movement and high pressurized environments. A variety of size options are also available, ranging from size: 15mm to 1800mm.


The last piece of roller coaster track for Yukon Striker by Bolliger & Mabillard was just installed at Canada’s Wonderland outside Toronto, marking the completion of what will be the fastest, tallest and longest dive roller coaster in the world.
The construction project began in January 2018 with the excavation of Yukon Striker’s underwater tunnel and finished with the last piece of track just installed on the highly anticipated 360º loop. Yukon Striker will dive 90º, 75 meters (246 feet) down, soaring past neighboring coaster Vortex and hitting a top speed of 130 kph (81 mph) through the tunnel. Yukon Striker spans just over 1,100 meters (3,609 feet) in length and consists of 107 track sections which weigh a total of 1,213 metric tonnes (1,337 tons). It requires 42 support columns and will feature floorless trains with stadium-style seating in three rows of eight.
“Our talented team has worked for more than a year to bring this complex project to completion,” said Peter Switzer, Director of Construction and Maintenance at Canada’s Wonderland. “At times it’s like solving a puzzle as we integrate a massive roller coaster into the park’s landscape with our existing rides, park utilities and underground infrastructure.”
Next, the trains will be installed while the loading station and landscaping are completed. After that, the park will begin a thorough ride testing process, which includes running each train through hundreds of cycles around the track; the initial passengers are water dummies that simulate rider weight.


Depending on the desired number of safe deposit boxes and sizes, a representative customer safe deposit box system is individually designed and implemented. Thanks to modular blocks, almost anything is possible.
Mechanical safe locks with customer key
Electronic safe deposit locks (remote release or self-authorisation)
Do you have an existing rental deposit box system and problems with the old controls? We can convert any safe deposit box system and bring it back up to the state of the art with a new control system. We can integrate any electronic lock into our locker control system.
We usually use element vaults. These are individually planned and adapted according to the space available in the building.
We supply element vaults with safe doors, certified according to VDS, in the following classes:
WG X KB
Solid concrete vaults are rarely built from scratch. However, existing vaults can of course be converted. The installation of a 24-hour safe deposit box system is therefore possible in existing vaults, provided that the structural situation allows it.


Aquatic Developments Australia provides a full range of field construction and management services to the Commercial Aquatic market throughout Western Australia. We take pride in our advanced swimming pool construction technology and design, as well as our extensive construction and installation experience.
We are committed to the relentless pursuit of quality, service and integrity in everything we do. We meet this commitment in the most cost-effective manner, utilizing our extensive experience in the areas of construction, management and technology. We build long-lasting relationships with our clients by understanding and anticipating needs and meeting and exceeding their project or program goals and objectives. Over the years, our clients have exhibited their confidence in our work by awarding us with substantial repeat business.
Maintaining an excellent safety record is our number one priority and the cornerstone of our Company’s core values. We do not compromise safety in favour of any other business objectives or project goals. Our number one goal is “Zero Harm.” Every employee is empowered to stop any work that appears unsafe until the hazards are identified and controls implemented to prevent a recurrence. Safety is fully ingrained in our company’s work culture and our excellent safety record proves it.
We have a proven track record of managing our projects on or ahead of schedule and within budget using our full portfolio of construction management and technologies. Aquatic Developments Australia’s experienced project managers and supervisory personnel utilise project control processes and procedures to minimize on-site schedule and cost risks. The value that our customers receive again and again is the knowledge that projects will be completed safely with quality, on time and on budget.
Aquatic Developments Australia is committed to executing each and every project, independent of size or complexity, to the highest safety standards. Our Certainty of Success approach brings together all of our safety and quality programs, qualified personnel, labour resource management, engineering, past project experience and innovative construction technology to deliver a successful project. This is value you can depend on.


David has over 25 years of experience in the construction industry. He has worked with KIRCO MANIX since 1989 and currently serves as Vice President. During his career in construction, David has acted in many different capacities including superintendent, project engineer, estimator, project manager, and sales. David has managed some of KIRCO MANIX’s most noteworthy projects including a variety of technical centers and testing facilities. He has also managed a variety of single story, mid-rise and high-rise facilities, including commercial, residential, retail, industrial, and mixed-use buildings.


Brindley Engineering Corporation (BEC) strives for excellence in bringing our numerous clients the best possible service. BEC helps our clients to decide what to rebuild, how to build it cost effectively and fast, and how to enhance existing infrastructure. BEC has built a solid reputation for consistently and safely delivering contracts on time, on budget and to exacting standards. We fully understand that our success depends upon the quality of our work and pride ourselves in providing optimum levels of service and first class contract delivery to our clients. BEC works with clients of all sizes over a wide range of contracts, from modest values to multi-million dollar projects.
Examples of our client solutions include the following (please visit www.brindleyengineering.com for a complete list of Project Spotlights).
- Assisting a major refinery in the Midwest in analyzing the performance of a mega project and developing a program to rescue the stalled project.
- Structural Reliability program of a major refinery in the Midwest.
- Civil / Structural inspections and assessments
- Fireproofing surveys
- Repair plans
- Lifting and Rigging Engineering for a major refinery in the Midwest.
- Develop lifting and rigging plans, lift point design
- Lifting and rigging planning, equipment recommendation / evaluation, review of lift plans by others.
- Structural engineering services at a chemical plant in the south.
- Structural model of existing structure
- Repair identified defective structural members
- Provide engineering support during construction
- Root cause failure analysis of the winterization process of a major refinery in the Midwest.
- Provide Turnaround/Maintenance technical Services to a major refinery in the Midwest.


We supply and install many sloped roofing products: Asphalt Shingles, Composite Roofing Materials and Metal Roofing. We also offer 2 ply membrane systems for single family residential applications. Roofing materials are available in 1000’s of designs and colours from a number of North American manufacturer’s.
We are factory certified installers through IKO, GAF, BP Canada and CertainTeed. What this means for our clients is that we have met the requirements of these manufacturers in product knowledge, proper installation techniques and business ethics. We are therefore able to offer factory backed extended material and labour warranties, in some cases for up to 50 years, against manufacturing and/or installation deficiencies.
Today’s roofing materials have designs that are amazing. Between the material properties and the visual appearance there is a roofing material that will meet your need for great curb appeal and performance. With weather damage of concern roofing manufacturers have risen to the occasion and offer options for both high wind and impact resistance. Some of these products may even qualify for a reduction in insurance premiums.
Visit some of these roofing materials manufacturers for more ideas on what is available:
“Setting the standard”
|GAF Materials Corporation
“Quality you can trust”
| BP Canada
“One step ahead of the weather for over 100 years”
“Solutions for every project”
Basic Guide to How We Install a Typical Roofing System:
When we replace a roof the first step is to remove the existing roofing materials. Best practice is to remove the existing roofing materials, while some may say it is OK to go over the existing materials we always remove them as this provides a superior surface to maintain the integrity of the new roofing materials being installed. Once the materials are removed and disposed of we clean the roof deck of debris and protrusions. The roof deck is checked for integrity and all damaged roof decking is replaced as needed.
The next step is the installation of eave protection and underlayment on the roof surface. The Alberta Building Code (ABC) specifies the minimum requirements of what materials can be used as well as where they need to be installed. While not necessarily required by the ABC good roofing contractors will always recommend the installation of a quality underlayment as additional protection against wind driven rain and blow-offs. Eave protection can take the form of a non-self-adhered SBS (a special type of modified asphalt used to construct the material) “Base Sheet” or fully-self-adhered SBS “Ice & Water” membrane. The self-adhered products are also self healing meaning they seal around nail penetrations to prevent leakage, they also provide superior protection against potential “Ice Dams”. Once the eave protection has been installed the underlayment will be install to lap over the eave protection and cover the entirety of the balance of the roof surface. The most common type of underlayment is known as 15# (“15 pound”) Felt Paper. This is a cellulose base material impregnated with asphalt. Synthetic underlayments are a more recent addition for roofing systems. These materials are generally made from synthetic woven fibers with properties from non-breathable to breathable, slip resistant surface and high tensile strength. When it comes to underlayments we recommend the use of a breathable product to ensure moisture is not trapped which may lead to wood and shingle damage. Felt Paper is considered a breathable underlayment.
Next is the installation of the edging details. This can include the use of drip edge flashings. These can be installed at the eaves and rake ends of the roof surface. These edge flashings promote the draining of water away from the building and reduce the opportunity of the drain water “wicking” back onto building preventing damage.
Special “Starter Strip” shingles are installed along the outer edges of the roof. The come with a factory installed adhesive to seal to the roofing material. The aids in the prevention of wind damage by bonding to the shingles. Most shingle manufacturers require the use of starter shingles in order to qualify for wind damage protection.
Now that the foundation of your roof has been installed it time to get the roofing material of your choice installed.
While the above noted procedures are the most common there are variations depending on what roofing material you choose. In any case the methods followed are to ensure an excellent looking and superior performing roofing system.
Roofing materials are available in a wide variety of styles, shapes and colours. They can be made of asphalt, wood, cement, ceramic, and composite (synthetic) product. Each has their own distinct characteristics when it comes to looks and performance. Some important features are fire ratings, impact resistance, and curb appeal.
The most common is the asphalt shingle. Asphalt shingles are popular because they provide long term protection at a relatively low cost. The colours and designs available offer an almost unlimited pallet to suit the look you are looking for. When installed according to manufacturers directions they have the highest fire rating, UL Class A.
Popular Asphalt Roofing Materials:
This is an example of an “Architectural Shingle” also known as a “Laminate Shingle”. It is constructed of a base layer with a cut-out layer laminated to the base layer to provide a dimensional appearance. When installed the overall look has a random pattern in an attempt to mimic the look of a cedar shingle type roof.
This is an example of a “Designer Shingle”. These are generally high end super thick and durable shingles. Most carry a UL Class 4 impact rating (IR) recognized as the highest standard against hail damage resistance.


Project Supervisor Construction Stage (PSCS)
EazySAFE [incorporating Phoenix Safety] can assist a PSCS in their role of Health and Safety Coordinator. We can provide full site safety management solutions, including the provision of site safety advisors, training, and auditing. We can also provide assistance for contractors in meeting their duties under the Regulations including site auditing, site-specific safety statements, risk assessments and method statements.
The role would include the following functions:
- Co-ordinate the identification of hazards, the elimination of the hazards or the reduction of risks during construction.
- Develop the Safety and Health Plan initially prepared by the PSDP
- Co-ordinate the implementation of the construction regulations by contractors
- Organise cooperation between contractors and the provision of information
- Co-ordinate the reporting of accidents to the Authority
- Co-ordinate the checking of safe working procedures
- Co-ordinate measures to restrict entry on to the site
- Co-ordinate the provision and maintenance of welfare facilities
- Co-ordinate arrangements to ensure that craft, general construction workers and security workers have a Safety Awareness card, e.g. Safe Pass and a Construction Skills card where required
- Co-ordinate the appointment of a site safety representative where there are more than 20 persons on site
- Liaise with the site safety representative
- Provide all necessary safety file information to the PSDP
- Monitor the compliance of contractors and others and take corrective action where necessary.
- Notify the Authority and the client of non-compliance with any written directions issued
Discover our Safety Training Platform
Train your employees anytime, anywhere with our environmental, health, safety and wellness training platform.
Discover our safety training courses and ehs onboardings, which can be customised and offered in several languages.
Ensure the distribution of your safety policy by training your permanent, temporary or seasonal staff.
Simplify the management of your safety policy thanks to the numerous dashboards and training reports.


Aluminum Storm Panels are removable Storm Panels that provide the most cost-effective protection against the violent ravages of Hurricanes and Tropical Storms. Their rock-solid durability and ease of set-up makes our Storm Panels an absolute necessity anywhere storms and hurricanes threaten the safety of your property. Our galvanized storm panels have been engineered to meet the most stringent wind codes and have been reviewed and accepted by the Texas Department of Insurance, Florida Building Code, and the International Building Code.
Our exclusive Storm Catcher Wind Abatement Screen is our most versatile product in terms of application options. This hurricane fabric screen is available with grommets on two, three or four sides. The screen can be mounted directly to the structure using a variety of mounting hardware. The Storm Catcher grommet screen can also be mounted using track secured to the building. Depending on the specifics of your home, several types of track are available. You can also mount Storm Catcher using our strap and buckle application, which eliminates the need for grommets.
This highly innovative hurricane fabric provides serious protection — like having a bulletproof vest for your home. Storm Catcher’s cutting-edge mesh structure:
Screen Panels – The screen panels are constructed of 100% polypropylene mesh. This hurricane fabric material is solid enough to block 97% of all wind and rain, yet still allows natural light to filter through. This feature provides visibility from the inside when the screen is deployed.
Wayne-Dalton Fabric -Shield™ Storm Panels are a highly-effective alternative to steel or aluminum hurricane panels. These PVC coated woven fabric panels are tested to block wind, rain and storm-driven projectiles. Yet Fabric -Shield™ panels are easy to handle and translucent, allowing light to enter.
Wayne-Dalton Fabric-Shield™ Storm Products have been evaluated for wind load, impact and cyclic testing and meet the following test standards (results available):
Compliant with :


A North Carolina lawmaker has fired the opening shot in a bid to extend the federal government's commitment to pumping sand onto beaches to protect homes and businesses behind them.
Rep. Mike McIntyre (D-N.C.) floated legislation last week that would create a framework to reauthorize Army Corps of Engineers beach-nourishment projects that are nearing their 50-year limit of federal funding.
Half a century ago, the American shoreline underwent a revolution. As the field of coastal engineering took off, the Army Corps began engineering beaches up and down the country's shores, pumping massive amounts of sand to widen them and build protective dune structures.
Over the years, such beach-nourishment projects have become lightening rods for controversy. Critics say they offer a disproportionate benefit to the wealthy who can afford beach homes and are a waste of taxpayer dollars since the sand will eventually erode back into the ocean. Federal taxpayers cover 65 percent of the initial costs, then half the costs for upkeep over the next 50 years.
Now, the first of those early designed beaches are nearing their 50-year mark. A portion of Virginia Beach, Va., will hit its 50-year anniversary next year. And Carolina Beach, N.C., which has cost more than $58 million in 2011 dollars over its lifetime, according to data compiled by Western Carolina University, will reach its limit in 2015. After that, the full cost of maintaining the projects will fall to the states and local governments.
That prospect has set off a lobbying push by beach communities to extend federal support for projects.
McIntyre (D-N.C.), whose district includes Carolina Beach, last week fired the opening salvo in the debate with his legislation (H.R. 161), which would create a framework for reauthorizing projects beyond their 50-year lifetimes.
"It is not fair or equitable for nonfederal sponsors to pay the full cost of continued construction for federal projects that protect the national public interest," according to a fact sheet on the bill from his office.
The bill would create a mechanism for the Army Corps to review projects as they near their 50-year limits and make recommendations to Congress about whether they should continue. Individual shore-protection projects would then need to be reauthorized by Congress.
Howard Marlowe, a lobbyist for shore-protection projects who represents Carolina Beach, said McIntyre's bill would force the Army Corps to go back and evaluate the design of its projects -- something critics fault the corps with rarely doing -- to determine whether the original design still makes sense.
"We have learned a lot over the last two decades about how to reduce risk and increase resiliency along the coast," Marlowe said. "Basically, the [projects nearing their 50-year limit] need to be evaluated to determine whether they would pass muster in terms of meeting the federal requirement."
Marlowe said that without ongoing federal support, which requires a certain level of public access to beaches, communities would cut off access and turn to hard structures for protection, which have a negative impact on beaches.
But Joshua Sewell, senior policy analyst with Taxpayers for Common Sense, said re-evaluation would not require a new look at the financial justification for the project. Federal projects must show the value of protected property exceeds the ongoing cost of the project.
"This is an effort to put beach-nourishment projects in perpetual motion," Sewell said. "Once you're in, you can get federal money to continue the project forever."
Dean Mitchell, a spokesman for McIntyre, said the congressman plans to offer the bill as an amendment should the House begin work on a Water Resources Development Act bill. The Senate Environment and Public Works Committee began work on such a bill last fall, and Chairwoman Barbara Boxer (D-Calif.) said she plans to pick the bill up again this Congress.
Written by: Annie Snider, E&E reporter
Original Publication URL: http://www.eenews.net/gw/sample/print/5Discussion


Sewage pit is collecting sewage and waste water while sump pit is collecting storm water and / or groundwater. Both the sewage pump and sump pumps works to pump out the sewage and water, however sometimes the pits accumulate debris that cannot be pumped out. Once the pit accumulates a high volume of debris, it can have negative impacts on themselves.
Over flown and full sewage and sump pits can cause spread of odor and blockage of drain lines. This can make a bad impression and a very critical situation.
MES is specialized in cleaning any size and kinds even in confined spaces. We provide services to clean out a sewage or sump pit, take all necessary precautions to ensure pumps are not negatively affected.


Our combined 50+ years’ experience in commercial boilers means we have the technical ‘know-how’ to install and maintain all types of hot and warm water boilers and pressure vessels.
We specialise in the design and installation of energy efficient boilers to save you money and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Our technicians are trained in the latest technologies and maintain long-term relationships with major suppliers.
Here at Aerocycle we not only provide service and maintenance to your pumps and water treatment plants, we also have the equipment and knowledge to safely and efficiently remove unwanted liquid waste.
We can remove all types of waste from sewer to oily water.
If you have a sewer pit that is backed up and needs to be cleaned or a stormwater pit that is silted up, we’re the crew for you.
We provide photos of the pit clean after the works are completed so that you have the confidence that the system will continue to work efficiently and effectively into the future.
If you require a new water pump or have a problem with an existing pump… we can help you. We install, repair, and maintain pumps for commercial and domestic customers in Sydney and beyond.
Our team respond fast, and arrive on site with the equipment, tools, and knowledge to custom build (or repair) your water pump system. We take pride in our workmanship and won’t settle for anything less than your 100% satisfaction.
We’ve been operating in the wastewater treatment industry for over 30 years. In fact it’s how we started when Brendan’s father, Mark, developed a new disinfectant technology, called Aerocycle Aquatherm.
As a family run business that prides itself on customer satisfaction – you can be confident your wastewater treatment system is installed by experts using the latest technologies.
All our technicians are certified to design and install wastewater treatment systems in accordance with Australian Standards.


SECTION READY FOR YOU TO BUILD - KAREKARE
14 La Trobe Track, Karekare
Situated at the end of a quiet road, 14 La Trobe Track is ready to build your dream home or weekend getaway. Most of the hard work has been done with water tanks installed and a concrete driveway which leads to a cleared building platform nestled in the native bush with picturesque sea views.
Power and phone at the boundary
Cleared building platform
Two large concrete water tanks (in need of cleaning)
Sea view (note: drone shots are taken from approx 2nd floor height)
2017 RV $550,000
When viewing the Section:-
It is best to drive to the end of La Trobe Track, turn around and then park on the road opposite the site. It is very muddy so take gumboots. The site was cleared many years ago and at some stage there was a structure down where the building platform is which was used as accommodation. That is why there are two concrete water tanks and concrete driveway. One concrete tank is at the top of the site which has a roof overtop for water collection. The other water tank is down by the building platform. You might also notice by the lower tank the remains of a windmill which was used to pump water up to the top tank. This fell down a long time ago. The boundary alignment in 2019 on the LIM report relates to the property next door as they did not have access to their site without going over 14. There appears to be no other documentation on the council file in regard to the driveway, concrete tanks or the cleared site. It could be due to when it was cleared which was a very long time ago. There is no direct cleared path down to the stream (ther used to be one but most likely long overgrown) however, there are cleared areas so you might be able to see a way down.


Threats to Water Quality
Though much of the Ogunquit River watershed is on public sewer - particularly in the developed areas near the beaches - a large portion of the watershed relies on septic systems. A septic system database was created by FB Environmental for the Town of Ogunquit to facilitate municipal management of septic systems by ranking systems according to their risk of pollution to Ogunquit's waterways. This database includes all properties within the Ogunquit River watershed and will help Town departments ensure that septic systems are properly maintained and will serve as a starting point for further action. Recommended next steps include filling in data gaps by identifying unknown parcels and considering ongoing septic system maintenance and inspection program at the municipal level.
Ogunquit Conservation Commission and Canine Detection
In August 2012, the Ogunquit Conservation Commission sponsored and assisted FB Environmental and Environmental Canine Services in a day of canine detection of human sources of bacteria in the environment. Two trained canines (each with a different detection limit) were used alongside traditional bacteria tests to better determine where wastewater was present in surface waters. As a result of the Canine Detection Study, multiple tributaries to the Ogunquit River were identified as having high counts of bacteria and the presence of human wastewater.
View the Septic Systems: How They Work and How to Keep Them Working website.
View the Maintaining Your Septic System: Special Considerations for Shoreline Property Owners website.
Sewer & Stormwater Cross-Connections
Potential cross-connections between the sewer lines and storm water infrastructure are another potential source of bacteria to the Ogunquit River. In the 2012 Canine Detection study conducted by FB Environmental, one actual catch basin was sampled and tested positive for the presence of human wastewater. Also, the outdoor showers at the public restrooms at the Ogunquit Public Beach are known to be tied directly into the storm water infrastructure. The Town is currently working to correct this and to discover any other possible cross-connections from the restrooms.
View the Smoke Test Results (PDF).
View the Maine Storm Water Program.
Though pets are banned from Ogunquit's public beaches from April 1st to September 30th, there are many locations throughout the watershed that allow pets. In the 2012 Canine Detection study conducted by FB Environmental, three tributaries had high bacteria concentrations but did not have any indication of human wastewater, indicating other sources such as pet waste or wildlife.
View the Pet Waste Disposal website.


Steps, Walkways, Driveways, Foundations, Repairs, Waterproofing and so much more! Our team of concrete and masonry contractors bring exceptional service and expertise to any residential and commercial walkway or step project. We combine our technical skills, excellent customer service and experience to exceed your expectations and stay within your budget.
The team of professionals here at Taddei Concrete and Masonry are perfectionists, installing all types of concrete, including patios, walkways, steps, sidewalks and driveways for Pennsylvania customers.
Contact us today to schedule your FREE Estimate.
Taddei Masonry 55 N Traymore Ave, Warminster, PA 18974 - (215) 364-7322


Pool Tiles Differ from Other Tiles – Understanding the Distinctions
When it comes to selecting tiles for various purposes, understanding the nuances between different types of tiles is crucial. In this article, we delve into the unique characteristics that set pool tiles apart from other types of tiles commonly used in homes and buildings.
Exposed to Sunlight
Bathroom and Kitchen Tiles
Tiles typically found in bathrooms and kitchens are not designed to endure prolonged exposure to direct sunlight. While they may encounter some sunlight through nearby windows, they are not specifically engineered to withstand constant sunlight.
In contrast, pool tiles are constantly exposed to sunlight, especially in outdoor pool settings. To withstand this exposure, pool tiles are crafted from materials that can endure prolonged sunlight without fading or deteriorating. Glazed tiles, for example, are a popular choice due to their resistance to acid and fading, ensuring they maintain their integrity even under intense sunlight.
Exposure to Substances
Kitchen and Bathroom Tiles
Tiles used in kitchens and bathrooms are primarily intended to withstand occasional spills and splashes. While they can handle exposure to liquids like water, soup, or juice, they are not designed for continuous immersion or exposure to harsh chemicals.
Swimming pool tiles, however, are constantly submerged in water and exposed to various chemicals used for water maintenance. These tiles need to withstand prolonged exposure to water without deteriorating or losing their structural integrity. Pool tiles typically have a low water absorption rate, ensuring they remain durable and resistant to damage caused by water and chemicals.
Durability and Longevity
Kitchen and Bathroom Tiles
Tiles used in kitchens and bathrooms are designed to withstand regular wear and tear from foot traffic and occasional spills. While they are durable for their intended use, they may not hold up well under the unique conditions present in swimming pools.
Pool tiles are specifically engineered to endure the harsh conditions present in swimming pools, including constant exposure to sunlight, water, chemicals, and foot traffic. These tiles are designed to maintain their appearance and structural integrity over the lifetime of the pool with proper maintenance and cleaning.
In summary, the distinction between pool tiles and other types of tiles lies in their ability to withstand unique environmental factors such as exposure to sunlight and immersion in water with chemicals. While kitchen and bathroom tiles are designed for durability in typical household environments, pool tiles are tailored to withstand the specific challenges posed by swimming pools, ensuring long-term performance and aesthetics.
If you’re considering installing or renovating a swimming pool, it’s crucial to choose tiles specifically designed for pool applications to ensure optimal durability and longevity.
Choose Fujiwa Tiles!
Fujiwa Tiles, a prominent tile company with locations in Dallas, TX, Van Nuys, CA, and Anaheim, CA, specializes in providing high-quality tiles for various applications, including swimming pools. Their extensive range of pool tiles encompasses durable materials specifically engineered to withstand the unique challenges posed by constant exposure to sunlight, water, and chemicals. With a commitment to both functionality and aesthetics, Fujiwa Tiles offers a diverse selection of glazed tiles that not only resist fading and corrosion but also enhance the visual appeal of swimming pool surfaces.
As discussed in the article above, the importance of selecting pool tiles designed for durability and longevity is paramount, and Fujiwa Tiles stands out as a trusted provider that caters to the specific needs of pool owners, ensuring optimal performance and aesthetics for years to come.
1. Can I use regular kitchen or bathroom tiles for my swimming pool? While it’s technically possible, it’s not advisable. Regular tiles are not designed to withstand the unique conditions present in swimming pools and may deteriorate quickly.
2. How do pool tiles differ from outdoor patio tiles? Pool tiles are specifically formulated to withstand constant exposure to water and chemicals, whereas outdoor patio tiles are designed for general outdoor use and may not hold up well under prolonged immersion.
3. Are there different types of pool tiles available? Yes, there are various types of pool tiles, including ceramic, porcelain, glass, and natural stone, each with its own unique characteristics and aesthetic appeal.
4. Do pool tiles require special maintenance? Pool tiles should be regularly cleaned and maintained to prevent the buildup of algae, scale, and other contaminants. Routine maintenance helps preserve the appearance and longevity of the tiles.
5. Can I install pool tiles myself, or do I need professional installation? While some DIY enthusiasts may attempt to install pool tiles themselves, professional installation is recommended to ensure proper alignment, adhesion, and waterproofing, which are critical for long-term durability and performance.


Product Defect Claims
In a very real sense, every residential or commercial structure is a composite of a wide variety of construction products.
All of these products have variously expressed and implied warranties. Oftentimes the product manufacturers are economically viable while the original contractors are not.
For example, a roof can be composed of wood shingles, composition shingles, tile, asphalt and other roofing materials. Exterior walls are technically constructed of wood siding, manufactured siding, wood shingles or shingle panels, manufactured shingle or shingle panels, stucco, masonry, metal, glass and other materials. Exterior walls also include window products, door products, sheet metal products such as flashing or venting, other waterproofing products such as adhered and non-adhered flashing paper and other products. Residential and commercial structures typically include plumbing products including certain manufactured pipe products, electrical products, HVAC products and similar products. Foundations include a variety of concrete products. Paint products, stain products, caulking and caulking products are common. =
Our firm has experience in dealing with a wide variety of construction component product failures. Please contact the law firm of Abbey, Weitzenberg, Warren & Emery for a free initial consultation.


Interesting Research on – What No One Ever Told You
There are various things that have to be done when one has a construction project, which can always complicate things. Since construction projects are difficult to handle, you will find that you are making different mistakes when you are running other things. A good thing with getting the help of a general residential contractor is that the professional knows everything that has to be done during the construction, and that means working with them ensures everything goes as expected. People are always required to do a lot of research when they have a construction project, but that will not be the case when working with a residential general contractor since the contractor has every needed information. The general contractor you hire will ensure everything is done the first time correctly, and that means you will not have to spend extra money that you didn’t plan for. Following focuses on how hiring one of the best residential general contractors is a smart move.
Since residential general contractors are experienced, they always know different building codes. An important thing that one needs to know is that a residential general contractor can look at the work of a subcontractor and determine if it can pass inspection. You will be on the right side of the law when you hire a residential general contractor since the contractor knows all the building codes and requirements.
You need to hire a residential general contractor because they know the best subcontractors and suppliers. The general contractor has worked with many subcontractors, and that is why he can help hire the best professionals within a short time. Since the general contractors can help you get the best subcontractors; then, you are assured there will be no interruption when they are working on the project.
If you have a construction project, you have to know that hiring a residential general contractor can give you peace of mind. Since residential general contractors have everything required during the construction, you don’t have to buy any tool and equipment that you will need. You are assured to have an easy time purchasing the construction material when you work with a general contractor since the contractor knows where to get the best.
One has to know that a residential general contractor can help save so much time. The general contractor will have been in the industry for a long time, and that is why you find that they can handle any issue that might arise, and this means the project will keep moving forward. In summation, you don’t have to worry about anything when working a residential general contractor since the professional has been offering the same services for years.


To use a water pressure gauge, start by locating your home’s main water line — often found in the basement or outdoors. Once located, you’d need to turn off all appliances or fixtures that use water to make sure nothing interferes with the readings. Next, get the water pressure gauge and attach it to a hose or a tap on the main water line, ensuring it is securely fastened to prevent any leakage. Once securely attached, slowly reopen the water supply and observe the reading on the gauge. After getting your reading, be sure to close off the water supply and remove the gauge. An ideal water pressure for domestic properties usually sits between 40 – 60 psi (pounds per square inch), so if your reading is significantly over or under this, you might need to consider calling in a professional to assess the situation.
Where Do You Put a Water Pressure Gauge?
It’s important to note that water pressure gauges come in different types and styles, so it’s essential to choose the appropriate type based on the plumbing system. There are digital and analog gauges, pressure gauge kits, compound gauges, and differential gauges.
Once you’ve selected the appropriate pressure gauge, it’s crucial to choose the right location to install it. The primary consideration when installing a water pressure gauge is to position in a spot that’s easy to access but not likely to be damaged or interfered with. This means finding a clear and accessible spot that isn’t in the way of other plumbing fixtures or appliances.
This involves ensuring that all the necessary connections are made correctly, and that all the components are securely fastened. Depending on the plumbing system, the installation process may require the services of a professional to ensure that it’s done correctly.
The water pressure gauge should be regularly monitored to ensure that it’s functioning correctly. This will allow homeowners and commercial property owners to identify any water pressure issues early before they escalate into major plumbing issues. Regular monitoring of the pressure gauge can help identify problems such as leaks, clogs, or broken pipes.
When installing the gauge, it’s essential to choose the right type, selecting the right location, installing it correctly, and regularly monitoring it. By following these steps, homeowners and commercial property owners can avoid costly plumbing problems, ensuring that their plumbing systems run smoothly, and providing peace of mind.
How to Read and Interpret Water Pressure Gauge Readings
- Make sure the water supply is turned on.
- Locate the water pressure gauge.
- Read the gauge to determine the water pressure in pounds per square inch (PSI).
- The optimal water pressure reading should range between 40-60 PSI.
- If the water pressure reading is below 40 PSI, it’s considered low pressure and may indicate a problem with the water supply or plumbing system.
- If the water pressure reading is above 60 PSI, it’s considered high pressure and may cause damage to the plumbing system or appliances that utilize water.
- If you’re unsure about the readings or notice any irregularities, contact a licensed plumber for assistance.
Maintaining proper water pressure is crucial for the smooth functioning of appliances and fixtures around your home. A simple tool like a water pressure gauge can help you monitor the pressure levels and avoid any potential plumbing mishaps. In this article, we’ll take you through the steps on how to read a water pressure gauge at home and what to do if the pressure is too low or high.
How Do You Read a Water Pressure Gauge at Home?
Knowing how to read a water pressure gauge correctly at home is an essential skill for any homeowner. Water pressure gauges are used to determine the water pressure inside your pipes. Low water pressure can result in poor water flow, and high water pressure can cause damage to pipes and fixtures. It’s usually installed at the main water line, either inside your home or outside near the water meter.
To measure the water pressure correctly, you need to locate the water pressure gauge. It’s usually located near the main shut-off valve or the water heater. Tighten the gauge by hand and open the faucet all the way. By opening the faucet, you release the pressure buildup in the pipes, allowing you to measure the static water pressure. Look at the gauge to determine the pressure. The gauge will display the pressure reading in pounds per square inch (psi).
An ideal reading is between 45 and 55 psi, which is the pressure range that most modern plumbing systems are designed to work with. If the pressure is below 40 psi or above 80 psi, you should take action. Low water pressure can indicate a problem with the water main, plumbing system, or even the water supplier. If the pressure is too high, your best option is to install a pressure regulator to reduce the pressure to a safe level.
Check the pressure gauge at least once a year or when you notice any changes in water pressure. If you’re experiencing ongoing low water pressure, consider calling a licensed plumber to diagnose the problem and recommend a solution.
Understanding how to read a water pressure gauge is essential for maintaining the functionality of a residential or commercial plumbing system. Many people are unaware of the significance of the two hands on a water pressure gauge. In this article, we will explore the importance of the black and red hands on a water pressure gauge and discuss how these readings are used to monitor water pressure.
What Are the Two Hands on a Water Pressure Gauge?
Water pressure is a critical aspect of any plumbing system. It determines how effectively your appliances and fixtures work and is essential for supplying water to your home. One way to monitor water pressure is by using a water pressure gauge. This gauge typically comes with two hands or needles that help you determine the current and peak water pressure of your plumbing system.
The black hand on the water pressure gauge is the primary indicator of water pressure. It points to the current amount of water pressure, usually measured in pounds per square inch (PSI). The black hand moves up and down based on changes in water pressure, allowing you to see real-time measurements of your plumbing system.
However, water pressure fluctuates throughout the day, which means it may not always provide a comprehensive reading of your plumbing system. Thats where the red hand comes in. The red hand is also known as the maximum indicator or peak indicator. It tells you how high your water pressure peaked, even if it does so for just a brief moment.
Together, the two hands provide a more accurate picture of whats happening in your plumbing system. You can use this information to make necessary adjustments or repairs to your plumbing system. For instance, if you notice your water pressure frequently peaks to an undesirable level, you may need to install a pressure-reducing valve to regulate the water pressure.
It’s crucial to note that the readings on your water pressure gauge may vary depending on where it’s located in your home. For instance, a gauge installed closer to the main water line will typically provide higher readings than one installed near the end of the line. Additionally, the numbers may change depending on factors like the time of day or if your appliances and fixtures are in use or not.
Understanding your home’s water pressure is important because it can impact the efficiency of appliances, the comfort of your showers, and the overall functionality of your home’s plumbing system. Now that we know what’s considered a normal range for home water pressure, let’s take a closer look at some of the factors that can affect it.
What Is Typical Home Water Pressure?
Maintaining the water pressure in your home is essential not only for proper functioning of appliances, but also for optimal comfort. A water pressure that’s too low can result in weak and insufficient water flow, while a water pressure that’s too high can cause plumbing damage. The typical home water pressure ranges between 30 and 80 psi, with most houses registering around 50 psi.
Various factors can influence the water pressure of your home, including the distance from the water main, the size of the pipes, the elevation of your home, and the time of day. For instance, water pressure may decrease during peak usage hours such as in the morning or early evening when everyone is taking showers and using appliances such as the dishwasher or washing machine.
It’s important to keep an eye on your homes water pressure to ensure it falls within the normal range and avoid any potential issues. You can use a simple pressure gauge to measure the psi of your water, which can be found at most hardware stores. Additionally, a professional plumber can also assess your homes water pressure and recommend solutions if necessary.
If you notice changes in your homes water pressure, such as low or high pressure that was not present before, this may be a sign of a plumbing issue. A sudden or severe drop in pressure can be a sign of a leak or blockage in the pipes, while high pressure can be caused by a faulty pressure regulator.
This includes periodically checking for leaks, keeping the pipes clean and clear of debris, and ensuring that the plumbing system is properly vented. It may also be necessary to install a pressure regulator if your homes pressure consistently falls outside of the normal range.
Keeping an eye on changes in pressure and addressing them promptly can also help prevent any damage and costly repairs down the line. So, it’s advisable to take necessary actions to maintain the appropriate level of water pressure in your home.
By regularly checking water pressure levels, one can identify potential leaks or malfunctions in the system, prevent wastage of water, and ultimately save money on utility bills. With the proper knowledge and training, anyone can utilize a water pressure gauge to ensure their water system is functioning optimally, and in turn, contribute towards conserving our planet's precious resources. It isn’t only a simple task, but it’s also imperative for the health and safety of ourselves and our environment.


18 August 2017
Statement from ACTU Secretary Sally McManus on anti-union bill
Financial report of the Construction Forestry Mining and Energy Union (Construction and General Division) NSW branch for the year ending 31 March, 2017 can be found
With an unprecedented level of tower crane activity on Sydney’s skyline, a crane incident at the Probuild Constructions Discovery Point residential high-rise development has again focused concerns
Safety concerns over friable asbestos found during a major renovation of the Sydney Opera House have escalated this morning, with work stopping on the project after management walked away from an a
The financial accounts of the CFMEU NSW branch for the year ending 31 December, 2016 can be found
As the new year starts and work on construction sites escalates it is timely to remind members of the key and important role they play in ensuring safety on sites.
Malcolm Turnbull's new building laws will make it harder for our kids to get apprenticeships and mean more 457 visa workers on our construction sites.
The Australian Building and Construction Commission has been dealt another embarrassing blow today with the Federal Court dismissing all claims against the CFMEU and its’ officials in a claim that


ISO 9597:2008 specifies the methods for determining standard consistence, setting times and soundness of cements.
ISO 9597:2008 applies to common cements and to other cements and materials, the standards for which call up this method. It might not apply to other cement types that have, for example, a very short initial setting time. The method is used for assessing whether the setting time and soundness of a cement is in conformity with its specification.
ISO 9597:2008 describes the reference methods and allows the use of alternative procedures and equipment, as indicated, provided that they have been calibrated against the reference methods. In the event of a dispute, only the reference equipment and procedures described in ISO 9597:2008 can be used, excluding any alternatives.


Cable covers are a light duty cable protector for internal installations like offices, retail stores and exhibition spaces. They are designed to protect cables from pedestrian and light trolley traffic. They are available in one, two or three channel 9 metre rolls that can be easily cut to length with a sharp knife.
Plastic cable protectors come in Two, Three or Five channel design with a polyurethane and rubber construction. They are ideal for festivals, public events and workplaces. It has interlocking ends that allows for cable and hose protection across short or long distances.
Rubber cable protectors are made from hard wearing moulded rubber and plastic materials in black and safety yellow. They are available in two, three or five channel models and are ideal for protecting cables and hoses at indoor and outdoor locations like offices, exhibition spaces and warehouses and are suitable for light vehicle traffic.


A wheelchair lift may also be referred to as a vertical platform lift (VPL) that travels straight up and down or an inclined platform lift (IPL) that travels on the same angle as the staircase. Vertical wheelchair lifts are available to be installed permanently inside or outside of a home to allow access, such as in a garage, near a front porch or deck. Other models can span as many as two to three stories, similar to an elevator. Incline Platform lifts are predominantly used on staircases going to upper or lower levels of the home.
Service Some things to know about Wheelchair Lifts:
Vertical or Inclined – Incline lifts are usually installed when you cannot install a vertical lift. Overcoming stairs can only be done by traveling over them. Vertical lifts require floor space to travel up and down and may require a hoist-way, a pit or concrete pad to secure the lift.
Inside or Outside- Vertical platform lifts are often installed outside to provide access from a driveway or ground level to a porch or deck for entrance into the home. Lifts that can stand harsh weather are necessary for outdoor use. Maintenance items from the owner’s manual are important.
Consider your Site – The site must have a proper, safety gate at the top landing. Site preparation and finishing is critical for a safe and long-lasting installation.
Choose a Reputable Brand – Wheelchair lifts should comply with specific codes set by industry associations, so be sure to choose a recognized brand name.
Installing a wheelchair lift will require some preparation of the construction site. The unit will need to be secured to the floor or ground level in some way, and may also require additional support and fastening depending on the type of installation (manufacturer-supplied enclosure or hoist-way application). Since the lift requires power, there will also be some electrical preparation required.
-Not made to carry freight.
-Installing your own wheelchair lift is not recommended due to many considerations to be taken in construction and installation.
-Wheelchair lifts are customized to your needs due to travel height, platform size, the position of the entrance, etc.
-Pricing Varies on models depending on lifting heights, capacity and configuration.
– Certain features required to meet local & national code requirements.
-Commercial wheelchair lifts should comply with ADA requirements


|Item||1-2 Units||Purchase||3+ Units||Purchase|
|Proactive Mini-Monsoon Pump 70' (12V) (#P-10300)||$223/ea.||Add to Cart||$203/ea.||Add to Cart|
The Proactive Mini-Monsoon 4-Stage Purger is capable of pumping up to an amazing 70 feet from ground level by simply connecting it to a 12 volt battery. Its reliable design is suitable for continuous sampling or purging of groundwater wells.
|Controller||Proactive Low Flow Sampling Controller Sale|
|Tubing||100' Roll 3/8" ID LDPE Tubing|


Irelands best SW14 Wooden Windows represents a unique Nordic design of high energy efficient windows which are supplied in Ireland by Viking Windows. Window profiles are protected by International Registration of Industrial Designs no DM/083922.
SW14 Wooden Window:
- Specific design suitable for Ireland's climate. Three gaskets ensure that the profile system is highly insulated and condensation risks between frame and casement are minimised.
- 50 mm triple glazing with 2 low-E coatings (Planitherm Ultra N or Planitherm ONE) and warm edge spacer (SGG Swisspacer Ultimate) gives excellent insulation and comfort.
- Sun protection coatings can be used if needed (e.g. SKN174).
- Espagnolette with locking points around the casement secures the window while closed.
SW14 Wooden Windows:
Modern, energy efficient, sustainable.
Side hung window:
A window with traditional design. Available as double casement french window (without mullion) and in case of need can be used as an evacuation opening.
Dimensions: max 983 mm x 1683 mm; maximum opening casement weight 50 kg; min width 600 mm
Side guided (side projecting) window:
Up to 1,6 m high casements. Sliding hinges hided into the groove between the frame and the sash provide modern look and increase security. The window is possible to open sideways approximately 90° which enables access for cleaning. Available also as double casement french window (without mullion).
Dimensions: max 883mm x 1683 mm; maximum opening casement weight 50 kg; min width 500 mm.
Top guided window:
Up to 1.8 m² opening casement window. Sliding hinges hided into the groove between the frame and the sash provide modern look and increased security. In case of need this type can be used as an evacuation opening. It is reccommended to use top guided window in places where it is possible to clean window from the outside: ground floor, balconies etc.
Dimensions: max width 1583 mm; max height 1583 mm**; maximum opening casement weight 60 kg; min width 421 mm
Top swing window:
Up to 1,8 m² opening casement is a real light catcher for your home. Sliding hinges hided into the groove between the frame and the sash provide modern look and increased security. The sash can be turned around approximately 180º for easy access and cleaning. Therefore can be used on higher floors.
Dimensions: max width 1683 mm; max height 1641 mm**; maximum opening casement weight 60 kg; min width 421 mm.
** it is not possible to get the max height and max width at the same time.
Fixed lights and windows with mullions and transoms:
Fixed light is a simple solution which includes a glazing unit installed directly into the window frame. This is a good way to increase more light gain to inside. Viking Window's product line also includes wide variety of structural dividing possibilities for frames: mullions and transoms. Single multi-light window frame can be as big as 2.5 m x 3.2 m


The World Urban Forum, established in 2001, is a conference that covers a multitude of urban issues including rapid urbanization and its impact on communities, cities, economies, climate change, and policies. In 2018, the ninth session of the WUF took place in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and brought together stakeholders from all around the world to convene on the building, planning, and management of cities. WUF 9 was the first session to focus on the implementation of the New Urban Agenda; the NUA commitments included sustainable urban development for social inclusion and ending poverty sustainable and inclusive urban prosperity and opportunities for all; and environmentally sustainable and resilient urban development.
In April of this year, the UN-Habitat published a guide on addressing human settlements in National Adaptation plans, and was presented at the NAP Expo 2019. By including urban settlement issues into the NAPs, UN-Habitat believes it will help countries address urban areas specifically in the context of combating climate change. One specific SDG target that is relevant to this is SDG Target 1.5 that states: “by 2030 build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations, and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters.” As such a complex problem to tackle, making a city resilient to climate change calls for including pre-existing factors, like location, ecology, resources, political history, infrastructure, and culture. Along with all of that, it is so crucial to be inclusive of vulnerable groups in sustainable urban planning.
With the rapid urbanization taking place all around the world, cities hold immense significance for building and bolstering urban resilience to climate change. Many cities around the world have taken steps to implement resilience plans. For example, Washington D.C. just released its first Resilient Strategy, in April of this year. The plan focuses on two areas, along the Anacostia River and Kenilworth Park. Both of these areas are more vulnerable and at-risk to climate effects, as they are low-lying and flood prone. This strategy also contains broader goals including closing the educational achievement gap, building more housing and more. The D.C. Resilience Plan is a city-scale attempt at pushing us closer to the NUA commitments and SDGs. We can look to cities as a hope for sustainable planning in the future.
Ninth Session of the World Urban Forum (WUF 9)
UN-Habitat Presents Guide on Addressing Human Settlements in NAPs
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Plac Zamkowy – Business with Heritage now holds a BREEAM Very Good rating certificate, awarded by the Building Research Establishment Global, the world’s foremost environmental assessment rating group. The basis for granting a certificate was an audit and a report prepared by a licensed assessor.
In their assessment, auditors take into account a number of features characterising the building, especially indoor environmental quality, energy efficiency, availability of public transport, building materials used, building operations management and water and waste management. For a building, being granted a BREEAM Very Good certificate is more than a guarantee that it is environmentally friendly; the certificate enhances its prestige and translates into comfortable working conditions and measurable economic benefits for tenants. According to a study by the European Union, the number of sick of people working in the “green office buildings” drops by 25 – 55%, while the savings in electricity consumption are as high as 30% compared to buildings constructed with traditional technologies.
The granting of BREEAM bestows a great honour on the holder, and environmentally friendly solutions used in the building are particularly important considering the current issue of air quality in the capital. The building was erected with both the quality and quantity of fresh air in mind, which exceed by fifty percent the requirements under Polish regulations. Technologies used when erecting the building bring real savings to tenants and make Plac Zamkowy – Business with Heritage fully deserving of the name “green building”.
BREEAM New Construction is a multi-criteria system for evaluating the quality of new buildings, used in Europe and worldwide by investors and developers. The granting of the certificate is treated as a token of appreciation and a symbol of the highest quality of audited building.


Within the framework of the project, there is planned the reconstruction of the existing stadium, construction of new track-and-field arena and hotel (total area 12,367 m2) as well as the environmental improvement.
It is planned to rebuild the stadium, keeping the sprint straight in its current location while changing the external configuration of 400-metre runway. Eight lanes are provided for the run track along the perimeter and nine lanes in the straight. Soccer field with a natural lawn meeting the FIFA (International Federation of Soccer Federations) rules will be built. Shotput, high jump, hammer throw, discus and javelin throw sectors will be arranged at the ends of the football field, as well as a pit of water obstacles. Comfortable locker rooms for athletes, coaches and judges, equipment warehouses and technical premises, fitness hall and café will be located in the stands area of the stadium.
A 200-meter run track ring with four lanes and curves will be constructed in the track-and-field arena according to the technical requirements of IAAF (International Association of Athletics Federations). It will accommodate eight 60 m sprint lanes, long jump, triple jump, high jump, pole vault and shotput sectors as well facilities for javelin and hammer throw. Viewing stands provide places for 1,250 spectators.
Within the framework of the contract, we will carry out works on the construction of indoor and outdoor water and drainage systems, ventilation and conditioning systems, heating system, underfloor heating, drainage systems, air curtains, ceiling heating, boiler rooms, building structures, roof, ceiling and facade.


He/She will assist the Project Director in managing key parts of the project with respect to contractual, budget, resources, design, construction works and quality. Key work areas as follows:
Planning & Programming
- Planning, programming and monitoring the overall progress of works.
- Check and verify Project’s Draft PQP/SMS for submission to HQ (within 2 months of mobilization).
- Manage M&E section in the award process for pre-selected M&E sub-contractors.
- Implement Quality System at site.
- Approve site purchases and rental in accordance to Company’s IMS procedures.
- Prepare, check and verify cost reports (AO/AO-1) for submission to HQ monthly.
- Check and verify bi-weekly project reports for submission to Client / Consultants.
- Check and verify monthly project reports for submission to HQ.
- Handle technical problems.
Procurement, Contract, VOs, EOTs
- Prepare Draft Budget for submission to HQ (within 2 months of mobilization).
- Budget control and certify/approve subcontractors/suppliers progress claims.
- Manage all sections in the procurement process for temporary and permanent works
- Responsible for compliance to safety and occupational health practices
- Responsible for site implementation of safety standards
- Coordinate with Architect and MEP staffs & sub-contractor,
- Create and update Revit model,
- Coordinate with planner to generate 4D Simulation by Revit & Navisworks,
- Prepare as-built model according to FM requirement,
- Attend BIM meeting & technical meeting
Skills, knowledge and years of experience required
- High skill in Revit, Navisworks & Photoshop
- Good in BIM knowledge
- Minimum 5 year experience in Revit & Navisworks.
Manages and leads the Design Team to fulfil the project’s coordination, material submission and shop drawing submission requirements. Specific job functions include:
- Plans shop drawings submission schedule to control the sequence and timeframe for development of shop drawings
- Coordinates all related design matters with clients/consultants
- Ensures main contract and sub contract designs coordinated fulfil design requirements
- Coordinates with Contracts team for any formal and informal changes made by consultants
- Coordinates with Contracts team for proper sequence of sub contract awards
- Resolves technical problems for team
- Must have full knowledge of structure, architecture, curtainwall, BIM and authority requirements
- Degree holder
- At least 8 years of design coordination experience with architectural and structural trades in the building construction industry
- Involved in large scale construction projects previously
- Plan and execute work schedule based on contract schedule
- Coordinate and control construction works on site
- Handle technical and engineering problems
- Evaluate subcontractors’ risk assessment, safe work procedures and method statements
- Review subcontractors/supplier performance after completion works
- A PEB recognized Bachelor’s degree in Building or Engineering.
- At least 5 years of project management and site experience in building and construction, civil and structural projects.
- Experience for at least two large scale construction projects


Construction must be carried out in accordance with local construction guidelines. The contract should contain drawings and specifications approved by the competent authority. The details of the authorization granted by the local government should also be mentioned in the agreement. It is necessary to conclude an employment contract for the construction of the house in India between the owner and the subcontractor to mention all the construction work that is included and excluded from the contractual agreement. The terms of the agreement between the owner and the contractor include the work to be performed, construction periods, payment plans, cost escalation, delays, penalties, building materials used, etc. The total area of the building is 4004 sft (Fill Total Area). Therefore, 4004X1750 = Rs. 70.07.000 (Rupees seventy lakhs only seven thousand) If the arbitration clause is mentioned in the agreement, the dispute should be settled amicably. You should understand that an arbitration procedure is the least expensive and that the agreement is quickly concluded. If you sign the agreement with the arbitration clause, you do not have the right to take the matter to court. The owner must ensure a temporary electrical connection, all electricity and water costs during construction are the responsibility of the customer. 16. If, according to the architect, the work carried out by the contractor is unsatisfactory, if progress is slow or if it is likely that the contractor cannot complete the work on schedule, the owner has the right to terminate this contract at the contractor`s risk by creating fifteen days if he has the right to award the contract to the agencies, That he considers possible Fit and all cash losses or expenses incurred in this account, as attested by the architect, are deducted from the funds due to the contractor or recovered by the contractor.
Benjamin Franklin said so famously, “Time is money.” Whichever page you are on, reduce the construction time by having a clear plan with this document. 7. All taxes on contracts of enterprise that may be incurred shall be included in the rates indicated in Part 2 (list). All items not put in competition are calculated with the actual profit of +15% A construction contract can be established according to the agreed conditions, mention the construction costs, the building materials used, the basic costs of materials, the time to completion of the project, etc. 4. The owner pays the owners a sum of Rs…….. whose owner pays each week to the contracting authorities the amount sufficient to cover the costs incurred by the contracting authorities in respect of the materials used in the works, which have been verified and certified by the architect, Rs ……. on the architect`s certificate that the work is completed up to the first floor, the additional sum of Rs …….. . . .


The school has strong scientific research and practical teaching strength. It has two provincial and ministerial level scientific research and innovation platforms: "Chongqing public transport operation big data engineering technology research center" and "Chongqing public transport operation big data engineering laboratory". It covers an area of nearly 3000 square meters, has more than 600 sets of various instruments and equipment, and is worth more than 25 million yuan. It has built transportation big data processing and cloud computing platform, traffic integrated information monitoring system and command hall, rail transit communication and signal control system, rail transit and urban public transport operation dispatching engineering technology research and development and experimental platform, intelligent transportation Internet of things system research and development and experiment platform,etcnon parking charging system and intelligent parking lot technology research and development and experimental platform Research and practice innovation platform.
& D direction:
High speed railway operation big data analysis and application;
Urban public transport operation big data analysis and application;
Public transport infrastructure safety operation big data analysis and
Structural state assessment and damage identification of existing bridges based
on monitoring information
state extraction, life prediction, structural crack damage identification and
other key technologies of existing bridges are studied. The laws of local
damage and overall performance attenuation of long-span bridges are
established, and the state analysis technology system of existing bridges is
constructed. The safety assessment technology of existing bridges based on
nonlinear chaos theory is proposed, which opens up a new direction of safety
assessment of existing bridges, and establishes several remote bridge
monitoring cluster centers.
Passenger flow analysis, forecast technology and operation of high speed
railway passenger transport big data
study the key technologies of multi-source data acquisition and integration,
intelligent analysis and prediction of high-speed rail passenger flow,
intelligent scheduling and optimization of high-speed rail passenger transport,
and travel information service of high-speed rail passengers in the big data
environment, carry out the design of railway passenger transport product
system, and develop the high-speed railway passenger transport big data aided
decision-making information system.
Intelligent heating technology
thermal energy technology as the center, combining with automatic control
technology, communication technology and network technology, the intelligent
heating system is developed and applied in the fields of transportation, home
heating, industry and agriculture.
Solar power supply technology in low sunshine area
the circuit, algorithm and reasonable system design, the power supply
efficiency of solar photovoltaic power generation under low sunlight conditions
is solved; the dual pulse width control technology is used to improve the solar
energy charging efficiency by 30%; the multi-mode charging technology is used
to maintain the battery activity and significantly improve the service life.


Earth, asphalt, and grass
Belknap Park. Best entrance for seeing the "X" is at north end of Fairview Ave NE.
The Center for Land Use Interpretation records this about Project "X": "The Grand Rapids Project was made by Robert Morris in 1974 on an eroded hillslope in a city park near downtown Grand Rapids, Michigan. It is known as the first major art earthwork to be supported by government funds, including the National Endowment for the Arts. Construction involved re-contouring the hill and adding paths, one ringing the top of the hill (around a huge, concealed water tank), and another set of paths along the graded face of the hill, which meet in the middle forming a visible "X" on the hillside. Erosion was controlled by a drainage system, with buried pipes. To some degree this piece is a civil works project, where a slope was stabilized, protecting recreational areas below and a storage tank essential to the city's water supply at the top. It is also landscape architecture, as the site has many of the functional and aesthetic elements of a park. It is also like an earthwork, as it is made mostly of shaped earth, and, perhaps more significantly, because it was made by an established artist who has made other earthworks."


How do I determine which kind of ventilation fan to use?
First, settle for no less than a quiet fan so that noise is not objectionable when the unit is operating. Selecting an ENERGY STAR fan may help with that.
Second, determine what application the mechanical ventilation fan will be used for, i.e., bathroom, kitchen or whole-house.
Third, determine if additional features are required, i.e., wall versus ceiling installation, light fixture (night-light), or auxiliary heater.
Fourth, calculate the require cubic feet per minute CFM of air flow that is recommended by industry standards for the application and size of room or house and duct run.
To calculate required ventilation for a bathroom: 8 ft by 10 ft with an 8 ft ceiling:
Calculate the cubic feet of your bathroom by multiplying length x width x ceiling height 8 x 10 x 8 = 640
Divide that number by 60 (the number of hours in a minute) 640/60 = 10.7
Multiply the result by 8 HVI (Home Ventilation Institute) recommendation for bathroom air changes per hour ACH). 10.7 x 8 = 86 CFM or greater
HVI recommend a minimum 86 CFM for this bathroom.
The next step is to calculate the duct run to ensure the selected fan can move 86 CFM of air through the entire duct length to exit the home. Please refer to the Equivalent Duct Length EDL chart located in the sizing section of this website for more details on duct sizing and applications other than bathrooms.
For this example:
12 ft of aluminum flex duct
1 elbow (90 degree bend)
1 termination device (exterior hood)
Length = 12 aluminum flex x 1.25 = 15 ft
Elbow = 15 ft
Termination hood = 30 ft
15 + 15 + 30 = 60 ft EDL


Section 510 of the 2016 California Building Code(CBC) contains the special provisions describing how to build what is commonly called a “podium” building, which are typically Type IIIA or VA wood frame construction, often R-2/housing, or a hotel, over a Type IA, S-2/parking garage. The lower level also often contains M/retail spaces, A-2/restaurants, or even additional R-2/housing units. This is the only place in the code where construction classifications can be mixed within a single structure vertically. The way the regulations in Section 510 work and how they interact with other code requirements are often the subject of intense negotiation with the local Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJ), which are the building and fire officials in the jurisdiction where the building is proposed.
For this discussion, we will assume a Type VA building with R-2 occupancy apartments in it above a single level podium, with mixed uses at the ground level dictated by the program and planning approvals; S-2 occupancy open parking, M occupancy retail and R-2 occupancy apartments. The questions that most often arise for such buildings are noted below along with our opinions of what the basic code requires:
What uses can be above the three hour horizontal assembly between the Type IA lower Building A and the Type VA upper Building B and what uses may be below the podium level? – Per Section 510.2, Item 4 the building or buildings above the horizontal assembly may contain multiple Group A uses, each with fewer than 300 occupants, or Groups, B, M, R, or S uses. Per Section 510.2, Item 5 uses located below the horizontal assembly, any use except an H/Hazardous occupancy. An automatic sprinkler system is required throughout.
Can a design have a two story lobby leading to the uses above, starting on the ground/grade level? – There are potentially two ways to create a two-story open lobby starting on grade. One way is to make the walls of the lobby on grade 3-hour construction, essentially wrapping the lobby with 3-hour construction. This would provide the intended/required separation between the two types of construction. The second method would be to treat the lobby as a shaft (2-hour enclosure). This shaft would have to be separated from the remainder of the building with rated construction (opening protection). The construction on the ground level would have to be Type IA.
Can exits from the building or building above the horizontal separation discharge the exits to what is called the podium, not on grade? – Chapter 10 does require exits to lead to a public way (street or road). An enclosed stair that discharges on the podium or transfers to another enclosure stair that leads to grade is not specifically permitted or meets the definition of exit discharge (Section 1028) of the code. It may be possible to use the concept of an area of safe dispersal, Section 1028.5, Exception, as an egress method without going to grade. A good egress analysis would have to demonstrate that this would provide a reasonable level of safety. Any alternative approach would require approval by the local jurisdiction.
Fire Department Access – One of the biggest issues in a podium design is fire department access to the podium level to fight a fire or perform rescue, especially when there are multiple buildings above the podium. Some fire departments have required special access to allow fire fighting and rescue on the podium level. One jurisdiction required fire apparatus (truck) access to the podium level other have asked for straight run stairs to allow ladders to be carried to the podium. These items need to be discussed with the local fire department as to what their interpretation of the code requirements are.
Fire Losses – Because of a number of large fires related to podium types of project, there is a possibility of additional requirements from local jurisdictions for the protection of project under construction. The TUCC (Tri-Chapter Uniform Code Committee) made up of building officials from East Bay, Peninsula and Santa Cruz Counties have developed a suggested policy for buildings under construction. This policy needs to be adopted by a jurisdiction before it is effective or applicable. This could require some of the following “during construction”:
- Detailed Fire Protection Plan
- Site Security, including cameras
- Fire Protection systems
- Special fire protection systems during construction
Requiring fire walls and other rated construction to be complete before the completion of the building or early activation of fire protection systems on a floor by floor basis could have major impact on construction sequencing. Activating a fire sprinkler system before the building is enclosed or walls and ceiling are complete may not activate the system as intended. Some of these requirements during construction will be costly, money and time wise. Check with the local jurisdiction (Building and Fire) for these special requirements during construction.
By Kerwin Lee, AIA


This article needs additional citations for verification.(June 2015)
|Location||Binjiang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang|
|Operated by||Hangzhou Metro Corporation|
|Line(s)||Line 1 |
Binkang Road (Chinese: 滨康路) is a station on Line 1 and Line 5 of the Hangzhou Metro in China. It was opened in November 2012, together with the rest of the stations on Line 1. It is located in the Binjiang District of Hangzhou.


The following document is out of date.
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Residents of the Village of Kenaston will benefit from joint federal and provincial funding to upgrade the water treatment plant. The announcement was made today by the Honourable Lynne Yelich, Minister of State for Western Economic Diversification and Greg Brkich, MLA for Arm River-Watrous. This project is just one example of the commitment of all three levels of government to strengthen the Saskatchewan economy by reducing red tape, creating jobs for the people of Saskatchewan, and getting shovels in the ground sooner.
Residents of Kenaston will soon have a cleaner, safer water supply, thanks to a commitment by our Government to work with the province of Saskatchewan on projects which improve the quality of life for Saskatchewan families,” said Minister of State Yelich. “
Our Government’s investment in projects like this will help stimulate the economy while improving local infrastructure for the future.”
This project will enhance local services and create local jobs, at a time when the need for economic stimulus is greatest. This project features a blended water system using greens and filters and reverse osmosis to reduce high uranium content levels to acceptable standards.
The province continues to work in partnership with municipalities and the federal government to make infrastructure a priority in Saskatchewan,” said MLA Brkich. “
This water treatment plant upgrade in Kenaston will go a long way towards improving critical infrastructure for residents.”
The governments of Canada and Saskatchewan will each invest up to $173,333 in the project. The Village of Kenaston will contribute the balance of the total eligible project cost of up to $520,000.
On behalf of the residents of the Village of Kenaston, I would like to thank both the provincial and federal governments for their financial assistance in helping to improve the water quality in Kenaston," said Mayor Dan O'Handley. "
We would not have been able to accomplish this undertaking without their support."
This is one of 145 projects announced under the Communities Component of the Building Canada Fund that will break ground quickly thanks to a joint federal-provincial investment of over $227 million. Together with municipal contributions, the total investment in local infrastructure improvements in Saskatchewan for the Building Canada Communities Component exceeds $340 million. The governments of Canada and Saskatchewan have taken steps to get shovels in the ground and to flow money faster for targeted infrastructure projects in Saskatchewan communities.
To learn more about Canada’s Economic Action Plan, visit: http://www.actionplan.gc.ca/
For additional information, contact:
Western Economic Diversification Canada
Saskatchewan Municipal Affairs
WD Toll-Free Number:1-888-338-WEST (9378)
Teletypewriter (TTY): 1-877-303-3388
WD Website: www.wd-deo.gc.ca.
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Super SizeBook - 2005
Looks at huge vehicles and equipment that are used in construction, mining, transportation and other endeavors. Includes descriptions of gigantic dump trucks, ladder trucks, telehandlers, cruise ships, aerial trucks, container ships, freight trains, tankers, crawler-transporters and the International Space Station.
Publisher: New York : Scholastic Inc., ©2005.
Characteristics: 1 volume (unpaged) :,colour illustrations ;,21 cm.
Alternative Title: Tonka driving force


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Artificial TurfBy Optimum | Mar 15 2016
AB 349 (Gonzalez) Property Use and Maintenance – Artificial Turf
Effective immediately as an urgency statute, AB 349 amends Civil Code Section 4735 to make any provision of a governing document or policy, including architectural or landscaping guidelines, void and unenforceable if it prohibits, or includes conditions that have the effect of prohibiting, the use of artificial turf or other synthetic surface resembling grass. AB 349 was enacted to reduce outdoor water use to help meet the Governor’s mandated 25-percent statewide water use reduction in a time of drought.
This bill also amends Civil Code Section 4735 to prohibit associations from requiring a member to remove or reverse water-efficient landscaping measures, installed in response to a declaration of a state of emergency, once the state of emergency due to drought is lifted.