Mehran Ghomshibozorg (PhD)
Year: 2005 - 2014
Thesis Title: Dynamic Stability Analysis of Flexible Beam Vibration subjected to Consecutive Moving of a Mass
Thesis Abstract: In this research, a time-domain analysis of an Euler-Bernoulli beam subjected to the periodic passage of vehicles is investigated. The beam-moving mass interaction causes dynamic stability issue in the beam vibration which is studied using Floquet theory, Homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and Homotopy analysis method (HAM) that permit to present the results in the form of stability maps.
The effect of the modelling method for the beam-traversing object interaction system has been quantitatively and qualitatively studied by Floquet theory. Three models considered for the moving vehicle include a point mass, a mass with suspension system and a rigid body with suspension system. The results are presented as stability maps in mass-velocity diagrams. The results indicate that the modelling method has significant influence on the dynamic stability analysis and dynamic response of the system. Results also show increase of the suspension system characteristics (mass ratio, natural frequency and damping ratio) and decrease of length of rigid body affect the stability margin in the mass-speed diagram and extend the unstable zone. Another conclusion indicates that ignoring nonlinear terms in the moving mass acceleration could lead to an incorrect analysis of the system stability. Any variation in the physical and geometric properties of the beam that leads to a decrease of its natural frequency or any reduction of the repetitive traversing period or increase of the compressive axial load will extend the unstable zone. Although beam damping coefficient doesn’t have significant effect on the stability border, nonetheless any increment of this coefficient lessens the instability rate.
Using Homotopy analysis and Homotopy perturbation methods, a semi-analytical results has been determined for the stable/unstable boarder line. It has been completely matched the numerical results obtained by Floquet theory analysis. In addition the HAM and HPM analyses resulted in a new sets of curves where locates the resonant points in the stable region.
In addition to the stability analysis, vibration control of the beam-moving mass system has been performed using LQR, fuzzy control and adaptive fuzzy control methods with the control input force exerted at the middle of the beam. The numerical simulations show that LQR and fuzzy control methods can control vibrations in the critical conditions in the system with no uncertainty. For the case of an uncertain system, a direct model reference adaptive fuzzy controller is proposed to control the system. It has been concluded from numerical simulation results that the controller is fully capable to control the vibration of the beam in cases like irregular passage of the moving objects with the different masses and velocities.
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Total project cost
ISK 43.9 M
ISK 4.6 M
This project studied a two-phase flow in geothermal reservoirs, both theoretically using mathematical models and by conducting experiments on such flow situations. The theoretical part involves the development of new and improved relations that account for the complex interaction between phases in porous flow. The traditional relation for such flow is expressed by the Darcy equation, which relates superficial flow velocity to the pressure gradient through fluid permeability and viscosity. However, phase interaction plays a part in the flow and must be taken into account in the two-phase case with effects such as weight difference, friction and surface tension included in the known relation.
Relations regarding convective and diffusive energy transport will also be coupled to the flow model to include effects of phase changes, especially when the fluid flows in a vertical direction in response to gravity. The results will be an improved set of relations that describe energy transport in geothermal reservoirs. The equations will be implemented in a simulation tool in order to be able to perform investigations on case studies and comparisons with measurements.
Final report 2013
Calculation of relative permeabilities from field data and comparison to laboratory measurements (2015); Gudjonsdottir, M., Eliasson, J., Palsson, H., Saevarsdottir, G.; GEOTHERMICS, 54, 1-9
Effect of flow configuration on the relative permeabilities of water and steam in two phase flow in geothermal reservoirs (2012); Gudjonsdottir, M., Eliasson, J., Axelsson, G., Palsson, H., Sævarsdottir, G.; Proceeding of 37th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering Stanford University, Stanford, California, SGP-TR-19
Measurements of relative permeabilities for water and steam (2013); Gudjonsdottir, M., Eliasson, J., Palsson, H., Saevarsdottir, G.; Proceeding of 38th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering Stanford University, Stanford, California, SGP-TR-198
Assessing relative permeabilities of two phase flows of water and steam in geothermal reservoirs: State of the art relations (2010); Gudjonsdottir, M.S., Eliasson, J, Harvey, W., Palsson, H., Saevarsdottir, G.; Proceeding of 34th Geothermal Resource Council, 34
Gravity effect on relative permeabilities of water and steam in geothermal reservoir; Gudjonsdottir, M., Eliasson, J., Palsson, H., Axelsson, G., Saevarsdottir, G.


Cast resin cable joints are applied wherever cable and wiring connections are submersed or buried underground. Cast resin joints are exposed to high stress, so the cured two-component cast resin must deliver reliable long-term mechanical protection against external influences on the cable connection. RELICON cast resin cable joints create reliable connections in the ground. They protect cables from thermal stress, moisture and dust. They are resistant to all environmental influences and are ecologically safe. RELICON supplies polyurethane (PUR) cable joints suitable for universal use in the majority of applications scenarios. Epoxy resin (EP) cable joints are available for chemical and oil processing industries.
The special "Safe Filling" (SF) system makes RELICON cast resin joint products a pleasure to work with. When followed correctly, SF ensures that any hazardous contact with the cast resin can be avoided and the fitter has visual control of the mixing and filling steps at all times. Resin and hardener are mixed in a transparent double-chamber pouch. The mixture can be easily oured into the joint sleeve once the supplied nozzle is securely pressed onto the adapter ring in the pouch. The transparent cable joint parts guarantee that the titter can visually control the entire filling process. The hydrophobic (dewatering) cast resin is ebvironmentally safe. The mixture can be disposed of as regulat household waste. Excellent hydrolytic stability makes RELICON cast resins particularly suitable for reliable long-term applications.


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BUILD OVER AGREEMENTS – SEWAGE PIPES
If you want to build over a public sewer then you are legally obliged to enter into a Build Over Agreement with the water/sewage provider. This was not always the case in the past and this blog explores when a Build Over Agreement is required, how it affects you and your property and what the situation prior to October 2011 was in respect of build over schemes.
Today’s Position – Water Authority’s Obligations
From October 2011 a law was passed that stated that all pre existing private sewers and all newly built sewers were to be automatically adopted by the water authority in the area where they are situated. For example, Welsh Water for Wales, Thames Water for London etc. These water authorities have a statutory obligation to maintain these public sewers and this also means they have a right by law to come onto the property where those pipes are situated to undertake works to them. So if you have a sewage pipe running through your garden then if that pipe needs to be repaired or replaced the water authority has the legal right to come onto your property to undertake works to that pipe provided that they make the land good or compensate you accordingly depending on the circumstances. It also means that anyone planning to build within 3 meters to or over a public sewer is required to obtain the water authorities permission before doing so. The purpose of this is to prevent damage to the sewers as a result of the additional weight of a new building that could cause it to collapse which ultimately could result in structural damage to the property.
What is a Build Over Agreement?
A Build Over Agreement is one with the water authority that sets out if you were undertaking work over or within 3 metres of a public sewer it will not negatively affect that sewer below and it also ensures that the water authority have sufficient access to the sewer so it can be repaired and maintained in the future.
If you do not have a Build Over Agreement and you build on top of a public sewer or within 3 metres of that sewer then the water authority have the power to remove any structures that block access to the public sewer, and they are not liable for the damage caused. Typical offenders to Build Over Agreements are conservatories or extensions where the owner has simply built these without being aware that a Build Over Agreement is necessary or perhaps not being aware that there is an actual public sewer under these structures. When expanding your property, it is always important to check where the sewage pipes are located before starting works.
What happens if you do not have a Build Over Agreement?
Obviously you would want to avoid a situation whereby the water authority can demolish part of your building however, if you have built over the sewage pipe after October 2011 then to resolve the matters the options are either;
- Contact the water authority and obtain retrospective consent to the work. There is no guarantee they will give you consent and they might ask you to make changes to the property which could result in significant expense but at least you know for certain then that if it is granted you will have the necessary consent or
- Obtain legal indemnity insurance. This can protect against financial loss incurred as a result of the property (or part of the property) being built over a public sewer without a Build Over Agreement. This is a lot quicker and cheaper option than retrospective consent but obviously not as favourable as actually having the consent in the first instance.
Both of the above options are viable alternatives in place of a Build Over Agreement if one was not obtained at the time. It is important to have these in mind particularly if you come to sell the property as having built over a public sewer can cause issues in a sale and is not acceptable to most mortgage lenders which is why you need some alternative arrangement in place such as the options above.
Extensions that were in place before October 2011
If the property was extended over a public sewer before October 2011 then provided the pipe which was built over was private you would not need a Build Over Agreement. The October 2011 laws applied predominantly to pipes connected from properties directly into public sewers which may well have been situated along the public highway or along the rear of the property. This meant that the pipes directly linking the property to those mains pipes are most likely private and such when an extension was built over them, they remained private and a Build over Agreement would not have been necessary. It is important thought o establish when exactly the extension works were undertaken to see whether a Build Over Agreement was applicable at that time.
We hope this blog is useful. If you have any questions regarding Build Over Agreements or private/sewer pipes contact email@example.com.


A change is believed to be the only constant thing in this
world. Keeping this in mind, central government of India has decided to bring a
twist in the methodology of road construction.
We are well aware of the fact that the government has always
been keen to draft various policies in order to reduce the levels of population
in the country. From starting the “Swachh Bharat Abhiyan” to the “Clean Ganga
Drive” and now construction of roads with plastic.
Yes, the government has now decided to include plastic in
the construction of roads. In 2016, Union Minister: Nitin Gadkari talked about
the usage of plastic in road construction for the first time. It’s believed
that they have decided to take a few steps in creating the “Best out of waste”.
The issue of plastic disposal is very crucial, at least now the dumped waste
will be put into useful means.
Government has also ensured that this step will not only benefit the
environment but also the human life. It would help in creating more employment
opportunities for the rag pickers as they will be collecting the plastic and
sell it to big companies.
Recently, the government has claimed of using plastic in
constructing one lakh kilometer of road in 11 states of the country and are
expecting to double this figure in this financial year. According to a report
of Hindustan Times, Municipal Corporation of Gurugram is already into the
practice of including plastic in the construction of roads. Some examples of
roads that include plastic are; the 270 km long road along the Jammu Kashmir
national highway, 2 km long stretch of Delhi-Meerut highway and the road
connecting Dhaula Kuan to Delhi airport. Many such roads are expected in the
Since only the 60% of littered and dumped waste is recycled
in our country, this initiative shall help in treating the rest. It would not
only help in making better roads but also take care of waste management.


Sask. recommends four local projects for federal funding
$45,955,475 worth of projects in Moosomin, Esterhazy, RM of Silverwood and RM of Antler
September 21, 2020, 7:52 am
Rob Paul - Local Journalism Initiative Reporter
The Government of Saskatchewan has recommended more than 120 infrastructure projects to the Government of Canada for final approval as part of the Investing in Canada Infrastructure Program (ICIP). The projects represent more than $192 million in provincial funding.
The Town of Moosomin, Town of Esterhazy, RM of Silverwood and RM of Antler all have projects that were recommended by the Government of Saskatchewan as part of ICIP. The four local projects total nearly $46 million—close to a quarter of the funding.
Under ICIP, Moosomin’s project is for water treatment upgrades with an estimated $13,730,475 cost—the Town of Moosomin has committed $3,661,918 to this project. Esterhazy’s project is for a regional water system with an estimated cost of $29,925,000—the Town of Esterhazy has committed $7,980,997 to this project. The RM of Silverwood's project is for a bridge on Grid 703. The RM has committed $500,000 to this project. The RM of Antler’s project is for the Lamotte bridge replacement with an estimated cost of $1,300,000—the RM of Antler has committed $800,000 to this project.
“The faster we can move these projects forward, the faster communities, businesses and families will benefit from them,” Government Relations Minister Lori Carr said. “Once completed, the legacy of these projects will improve quality of life and make our great province an even better place to call home. The provincial government encourages its federal counterparts to work as quickly as possible and approve these projects.”
The provincial government opened an online application process on December 8, 2019 for ICIP and it was extended until May 15 due to Covid-19.
Funding contributions from the federal government, provincial government and approved applicant can vary for each project, depending on its type and the final contribution agreement. Any additional costs for an approved project is the responsibility of the applicant.
Under ICIP, the Government of Saskatchewan secured more than $896 million in federal funding over 10 years to support all types of eligible infrastructure projects in the province.
With the ICIP recommendation by the Government of Saskatchewan the next step is for the federal minister to review and approve projects before final approval from Infrastructure Canada. Projects can proceed to construction once they receive final approval.
There’s currently no firm date on when project approval will come, but the Government of Saskatchewan is continuing to ask the federal government to expedite their approval process for the infrastructure projects.
“Infrastructure is a key piece in the economic recovery from Covid-19. Many of these shovel-ready projects were submitted to Canada several months ago and we are still waiting for approval,” the Government of Saskatchewan stated.
“Once we receive final approval and sign an Ultimate Recipient Agreement, announcements will be made as per our joint communications protocol. When projects are active, recipients submit claims and the province pays out the federal and provincial share.”
Three local projects almost one quarter the value of 126 recommended projects
Moosomin Mayor Larry Tomlinson says the water treatment plant has long been in need of upgrades and this type of funding would make a big difference for the community.
“The water treatment plant that we’ve got is outdated,” Tomlinson said. “It’s got three cells in it and we would upgrade to four. We would have to build another building to the west of the one that’s there and join it on and it would be built on top of the reservoir that’s there. In the summer time we’ve had to put restrictions on because we can’t produce enough water so this would help solve that. The water treatment plant is at the end of its life and we need to upgrade it, that’s for sure.
With ICIP, the municipalities cover less of the final project cost than both the federal and provincial government and Tomlinson says that’s a big difference maker.
“It helps immensely,” he said. “It works out to around the Town of Moosomin paying for 27 per cent of the total. It’ll be shared from the federal government to the province. It’s huge for us.
“We’ve been working on it for quite awhile, but there was lots of hoops to go through. I know we’re not quite done with that yet, but it looks like maybe it will go ahead so that’s a good thing. It’s absolutely great.”
With a new water treatment plant a major focus of the current council in Esterhazy, Mayor Grant Forster says this is the best news they could have hoped for.
“We’re ecstatic,” said Forster. “We’ve been hoping that this was going to come our way for a couple years. We put in last year for the grant for the project and we weren’t accepted and we revamped the proposal and resubmitted it this year. Our water treatment plant is at the point where it has to be replaced.
“We have no choice in the matter so any time we can get some funding to help us do it, that’s the best scenario for us. We went with a leading edge technological system, which in the long run I think will be awesome for us. This was the best news that we could get. We had full intentions to go forward with this without the funding, but getting the money would make it that much better for the town and for the area. We’re very happy.”
Forster says the Town of Esterhazy already has nearly all the money they have to commit to the project and they’re ready for the next steps if Infrastructure Canada gives final approval for the project.
“They’ve had varying degrees of commitment level through the project,” he said. “We were looking at somewhere in the 30 per cent range and we have almost all the money set aside so we’re in a position where we’re not going to have to borrow a bunch of money to get the project done.
“We’ve got probably 65 to 70 per cent of the money set aside already through reserves we’ve set up. For us, applying for this was a no brainer because we had to go ahead with it anyway.” Tweet


At Mindful Designs, we have a clear objective to minimize the impact on the Environment throughout the Construction Phase of the proposed buildings – this includes a minimized site-impact strategy AND a formal or informal life-cycle analysis of the materials used throughout the building. In other words, our objective is to build homes that require less from the environment to build, and less to maintain through the years.
Another focus at Mindful Designs is minimizing the environmental impact of the building after its completion by consciously building a product that will perform exceptionally well for a long time-period. The building design and site development must harmonize with the solar, water and ecological life-cycles in its immediate environment. Like an efficient machine, we aim to build high-performance homes in terms of energy use. Building a home is an important endeavor and a large investment in time and money, therefore, efficiency in performance is always central to our designs and systems.
The completed building must ensure a safe and healthy interior environment for all of its occupants throughout the life of the building. Air quality is the main focus of this component and is factored into Material Selection, Structure Design, and Performance System Specification and Design. A wise inclusion of natural lighting, an appropriate merging of the outdoors with the indoors, and an ergonomic design that flows with the lifestyle of the building’s primary occupants are all other examples that contribute toward a healthy home environment.


We have prepared a technical installation manual for you. We will also be pleased to explain everything about the instructions. While erecting a fence is not a kind of "rocket science", it is certainly a physical and time-consuming task to be taken into account. Last but not least, the involvement of a "handyman" who can cope with concreting and knows basic construction techniques is certainly necessary.
When handling and transporting the concrete fence, the following rule must be observed to avoid damage to the product (two pictures say more than a thousand words).
The first thing to do is to decide where the fence will lead to and from. When making your choice, you must take into account the legal provisions relating to buildings. Use stakes to mark the beginning and end of the fence, if your fence consists of several sections that are at approximately right angles to each other, mark these corners as well, if you want to build the fence in an arch, mark the location points of the individual slotted plots (see the article 4. Excavation of holes). If the fence is to run on a plane, then measure the distances between the individual stakes and write these distances down. If the fence will not run on a plane, but will descend or ascend a slope, the elevation of the land on which the fence will run must be measured. A hose spirit level can be used for measurement, but if the elevation is too great, or the rise is irregular, or the length of the fence exceeds the length of the spirit level, divide the slope into smaller sections and measure these.
Calculate the number of fence segments from the measured values (info: a segment contains 1 post and slabs). The number of segments of a section on a plane can be easily calculated: In the case of a slope, you will first have to calculate the length of the section using the Pythagorean theorem: round the resulting number up to the next whole number and you have the number of segments. The required material is easy to calculate: * In the case of segments where there are not only flat slabs (but also, for example, radius or plinth slabs), calculate the number of different slabs separately. Do this calculation for each fence section.
Then calculate the number of end posts and corner posts - for each end of the section, calculate the end post and if two sections meet at right angles, calculate the corner post. Corner posts are not offered due to the weight for a 2.5 m fence, so count two end posts instead of one corner post.
If the number of segments multiplied by the axial distance results in a longer length than the planned length of the fence section, the slabs can be cut to the required length with a carbide grinder. The posts can also be cut.
String a rope along each entire fence section to ensure that the fence is in line. The rope should be positioned so that it lines up with the front of the fence, or more specifically, the front of the posts. If you are building the fence in an arc (plan view), you probably won't need the rope.
The posts are set at a standard axial distance of 2.05 m for smooth posts and 2.07 m for patterned posts (see point 5. Setting the posts). The hole is dug to a depth equal to the length of the part of the post on which there is no slot. This length is variable according to the height of the fence:
For a 1.5 m fence post, the overlap without the slot is 70 cm (total post length 220 cm), so a hole of at least 70 cm must be dug.
For a 2.0 m fence post, the overlap without the slot is 75 cm (total post length 275 cm), so a hole of at least 75 cm must be dug.
For a 2.5 m fence post, the overlap without the slot is 90 cm (total length of post 340 cm), so a hole of at least 90 cm must be dug.
A concrete bed under the post in the hole is ideal, so dig the hole a few centimetres deeper, the concrete post will fit better into the level calculated for the segment (zero for flat ground, rebound for building a fence up a slope).
The hole should be 30-50 cm wide on average, depending on the subsoil into which you are setting the posts. A hole diameter of approx. 40 cm is sufficient for most implementations, approx. 30 cm for rocky ground and it is better to add 5-10 centimetres of width for loose soil, for example, after the soil has been compacted.
It is ideal to start the installation of the fence from the end or corner. Dig a hole, pour a small amount of concrete as a concrete bed and set the first post. Make sure that:
the bottom edge of the slot is level with the chosen level for the segment,
the post is in a level position longitudinally and laterally, and
one side of the post is parallel to the stretched rope.
Secure the post with additional concrete, it is ideal if you are assisted by a second person to hold the post at the set position. As you backfill with concrete, smother it and check that the post is not falling, rising or leaning sideways. Dig another hole at an axial distance (e.g. 2.05 m for smooth posts or 2.07 m for patterned posts) and set another post in it. The ideal procedure is to prepare a wooden slab 2.01 m long (after sliding the concrete slab (see point 6. Sliding the slabs), you will have approx. 5 mm of space on each side of the concrete slab for the cement adhesive), which you insert into the slot and place the second set post on top of it. If you don't want to use wooden slabs, you will need a 2-metre spirit level. Use the spirit level to check that the bottom edges of the post slots are level, if not, compact the concrete to make the post rise a little higher or push it deeper until the concrete is cured.
Continue this for the entire length of the section. For the last post, if you are coming out with a space for a segment narrower than two metres, use a shorter spirit level, or cut a slab of approximate length to insert into the slots and level the post with the spirit level.
A quicker option is to immediately slide a concrete slab that has been painted with cementitious adhesive (see point 6. Sliding the slabs in) into the slots instead of the wooden slab, which you then level from below and line up.
Once the posts have been set and the concrete has cured, the concrete slabs are placed. For the plane, this is simple - slide the slabs one by one into the slots. Position each slab in the slot with the design on the edge of the post (there is a clearance in the slot) and fix with cementitious adhesive (you can fix after all the slabs have been pushed in). Apply cement glue to the top of the slab and slide the next slab in. The use of cement adhesive is not necessary, but is strongly recommended as it gives the fence monolithic strength and ideal stretch and expansion.
In the case of a slope, sliding the slabs in is a little more complicated - if you have created a rebound, the slot on each side is at a different height. What to do about it? Simple help - cut a tooth into the concrete slab. Determine the height of the tooth as a ratio of the elevation and the number of segments in that section (or the number of bounces if you are not bouncing each segment, but several). So:
Because the slab is laid lower in the slot due to the tooth, the slot will remain bare at the top, so we recommend filling it with cement glue, you will get a much more aesthetic look.
Slide the slabs in slowly, be sure not to let them fall into the slot from a height, this will prevent them from being chipped or otherwise damaged.
The finished fence can be painted with facade paint.
NOTE: This manual is provided as it is, all procedures recommended herein are subject to change depending on conditions and their use is always at the personal discretion of the installer. The techniques described herein are not binding and are not the only procedure for installing a concrete fence. The author assumes no responsibility for damage caused by following the instructions in this manual.


Its shape is like an ordinary ladder, having two sides and between these two sides; steps are placed, called RUNGS. The two sides are un-perforated U channels, called RUNNERS.
Runner’s standard length is 2.5 meter and it is generally fabricated from 2mm or 1.6 mm M.S sheet. The center width of the runner may be 50 mm to 150mm and the height of the edge is generally kept 25 mm.
Rungs are of perforated type and their length depends on the width of the LTCT.
Ladder Type Perforated Cable Trays Available In:
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The winter seasons more than and you locate that the walls and also the edges between the wall surface and the roof covering are looking rather quaked. You take a closer appearance, as well as there are traces of dampness and the paint is removing. You neglect this as a normal thing and also tackle your everyday organisation What was needed of you was to immediately grab your phone and also consult a contractor of repute. This was possibly the very first indication suggesting that the roof covering requires fixings and also if laid off, the tiny quantity of peeling is going to expand right into a huge and ugly spot on the wall surface and also will require a lot of added fixing as well as money from your pocket.
What enters into roof covering repair service? Obviously it takes a lot. First off it takes a decision for the residence to adopt the experience, and after that there is the issue of the cash entailed as well as finally the look for a proficient roofing contractor. I'll take you via these steps and even more. We begin with why the roofing system requires a repair as well as just what ought to you do as a home owner when you begin to presume that the roof, which you have had for a long time, isn't really as safe and secure as it used to be. Act immediately. The failing to locate and correct minor roofing system degeneration in the earliest phases is possibly the best reason for premature roofing system issues. This is especially true of roof materials applied on relatively low-sloped roofs. The causes of roof damages are aplenty, and also some roof covering makes experience even more wear and tear as as compared to others.
Roofing systems can obtain damaged due to direct exposure to repeated wind gusts, snow, rainfall in addition to flying debris. An additional reason for roof covering damages could be the product utilized while constructing it. The style of the roofing system is an additional major reason for the roofing system's deterioration. In situation a roof has actually been designed wrongly, it will certainly suffer even more damage as compared with others. Damaged styles could consist of a weak roofing system framework like deflection under load, insufficient incline of the roof, sagging framework, and also insufficient variety of drains pipes to allow the water out, and incompatible roofing product. Various other reasons consist of deterioration due to the aspects as well as a general lack of maintenance like enabling algae to expand.
The above causes require the owners to try to find the signs as well as adopt repair services. The repair service procedure starts by initial doing an analysis of the damages on your own. This could be achieved by doing a study of the interior as well as the outside of your home, as well as trying to find damaged tiles, peeling off paint as well as puddles of water on the roof covering. We could do minor fixings ourselves, yet it is always recommended to speak with an experienced roofing contractor. If the damages is minor, remedies like use an air duct tape, or a simple substitute of a tile could be accomplished by us by taking a couple of precautions. If the damage shows up serious, or you are not positive of the fixing yourself, you can constantly embrace an expert. The option of a roofer needs to be made based on his/her qualifications and the amount of experience he or she has actually had in the certain kind of roof which adorns your home. A number of sites promote accredited roofers and it is advisable to go in for a certified roofing contractor.
After essential consultation and also study, the contractor will generally provide a quote of time and money needed for the repair service to occur. This is the time for a significant choice making process to be launched. Judge the cost of fixing versus a replacement, if the problem so warrants. Usually, a skilled roofer will certainly suggest a combination of both. Some components of the roof could be changed, while some may just need repair service of tiles, or a layer of asphalt. The choice is made based upon the monetary restraints and the time more info readily available at hand.
Roofing repair is a conscious choice, and as much as roofing contractors may attempt and also convince you, a replacement is a frustrating treatment. However, replacement is required in times where the roof might pave the way or the leakage is heavy. Think before giving permission, but if the circumstance so requires, do not think twice. Repair service is essential, as well as late repair service will cost even more to the residence, your pocket and also the general look of the house also. The trick is to keep check of the slightest adjustments in the roof covering structure and do the necessary at the ideal time.
So when your are prepared for your following roof covering repair work, consider us at Quality Roofing Nottingham.
Local Roofing Companies
If you need roof repairs, give these guys a call - https://t.co/jebEi9Yrgq— Cleaner Carpets Mans (@nottscarpets) April 12, 2018
⚡ “Local Roofing Companies”https://t.co/yQzdNrhzYb— Cleaner Carpets Mans (@nottscarpets) April 12, 2018


This is a project I undertook during the Covid period. Whilst stuck at home for 6 months I found myself needing a gym; I therefore constructed this concrete slab, along with a basket ball set up, concrete weights and gym bench.
Welding, grinding & painting of the main structure
I began by collecting scrap metal to create the frame shown here. Once welded, I smoothed and prepped the metal for painting.
Digging, filling and pouring concrete
With the frame complete, I moved on with building the foundations for the concrete slab. The steps that I took are shown below.
First day on the job, dimensions were laid out before commencing digging.
After digging 70cm down, the hole was filled with rocks before having concrete packed in between the rocks.
Mesh reinforcement was placed on top prior to pouring an inch of concrete.
This was then roughly screed to give a textured finish.
Making jigs, welding reinforcing and pouring concrete
I decided to make three different weights (20kg, 10kg, and 5kg). Each of these needed its own jig, which I made from 1.5-inch angle iron and various other bits of metal. Concrete was poured and left to set for a day before being transferred to a water bath.
From water bath to finished product
Each weight was left submerged underwater for 10 days to allow for adequate curing. Once removed from the water, aesthetic elements were added accordingly. Weights were not used for a further 11 days to allow for further curing.
Piecing all the elements together
The picture here shows all the elements assembled together, with a gym bench created for the sake of having a complete home gym.


WHY THIS 3rd RUNWAY ?
15) The ‘Fomento’ Minister (Francisco Álvarez-Cascos) (PP) greatly enjoyed laying down the first stones and did not have enough with the laying down of the first stone of the airport’s third runway , which took place in chaos October 10th, 2002.
Almost one year later, in September 3rd, 2003, the Minister visited El Prat airport in order to lay down the first stone of the new control tower nd only three months later (in December 18th, 2003) he would come back again to lay down the first stone of the new south terminal
A) FIRST STONE OF THE NEW CONTROL TOWER
The Minister attended the act together with the Territory Politics Minister of the Catalan Government (Felip Puig) (CiU).
The new control tower will be 63 m high in total (16 more meters than the current one), will duplicate the space available compared to the current one and will cost around 14,36 million euros.
The architect Bruce Fairbanks designed the tower.
Images of the new control tower under construction, its design and the finished tower.
New control tower under construction
New control tower already finished
An interesting piece of information is that the new control tower was meant to come into service at the beginning of 2005, shortly after the third runway came into operation, but mysteriously it did not. However, there were rumors going around the airport that the new control tower was sinking because the land on which it was built could not withstand its weight.
In March 2006, more than a year after the date it was supposed to come into service, the tower was not yet operational and new problems came up: the controller unions complained about the poor visibility of this new tower caused by the metal joints that supported the heavy windows. These joints were too thick and left some spots at the head and end of the runway without visibility.
In order to solve this problem, AENA decided to build a new auxiliary control tower on the former grounds of the Reial Club de Golf del Prat. Curiously enough, something similar happened when the current tower was built (for the 1992 Olympic Games) and the windows needed to be modified.
The controller unions' conclusion was that AENA does not learn from past mistakes.
During the laying down of the first stone of the new south terminal, the 'Fomento' Minister (Francisco Álvarez-Cascos) (PP) used the opportunity to detail the investment being done in El Prat airport within the ‘Pla Barcelona’, and stated that the works carried out since 1996 amounted to 513.6 million euros while the works being done at the moment amounted to 1,240.2 million euros.
There are works still pending to reach the total investment planned: 2,298 million euros
As a part of this investment, the new south terminal will cost about 602 million euros.
HERE all the information about the new south terminal design.


Oasis Landscaping was engaged to transform an old original outdoor area into a new, creative space at Balmoral State High School for the students to enjoy.
There were a number of challenges throughout the Balmoral State High School project. These works included a large quantity of trees that had to be placed in concrete surrounds, which effectively limits growth. The area was situated at the main parade ground and surrounded by classrooms, restricting access. Also, it became apparent throughout our course of works that the gas main was leaking.
As a team, we used our extensive network system to source cutting edge methodologies to provide these trees with the best possible chance of survival. To overcome the limited access issue, we used alternative methods, such as pumping the concrete with a boom pump. At Oasis Landscaping we are committed to helping our clients in every way possible. We incorporated the repair of the leaking gas main into our scope of works ensuring that this was no longer an issue for the school.


Celtic Composites Limited are a family run company. We manufacture and supply quality Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) housings and related products.
We have over 40 years experience in the GRP housing industry and we are one of the leading manufacturers of industrial GRP housing products in the UK market.
GRP cabinets are a cost efficient solution to protect your equipment from the adverse effects of the British climate.
Robust and lightweight, GRP kiosks have a life expectancy of over 25 years and does not require any maintenance compared with steel alternatives, that will deteriorate over time.
Celtic Composites Ltd range of GRP enclosures are used in many industrial applications, from construction sites to renewable energy projects. GRP electrical roadside housings typically house pumps, control panels etc.


We also offer Permeable Drives
Marshalls offer a Permeable Driveway option called ‘Priora’.
It’s becoming evermore popular especially with increased flooding in recent years.
Conventional driveways, whether they’re block paving, tarmac or concrete, need drainage. Most of the time these drains are connected to the main drain, or sometimes to a soak away system. Once connected to a main drain it just puts more demand on already overwhelmed drain systems.
The benefit of a permeable driveway is that it allows water to soak straight into the ground, meaning drainage installation is unnecessary, therefore saving money. Should you tip a bucket of water over the driveway, it would instantly disappear.
Another benefit is that when the are is very level, it can be hard to achieve a gradient, allowing water to run off towards the drain. It is important to avoid any pooling in the drive, therefore this permeable drive is a perfect solution as it can be laid level.
There are various options in the Priora range to suit all budgets.
Please contact us below if you wish to learn more about the permeable option, or require a quote.
Gravel is a very cheap but effective way of installing a driveway however it’s more than laying a bit of membrane and putting chipping’s on top.
How many gravel drives do you drive past and it’s all over the pavement or there are tyre trenches through it. This is because not all gravel or chipping’s are suitable for a drive. Many are called decorative chipping’s and they are just that. Golden flint is probably the worst offender.
To lay a gravel driveway properly Slate is the most practical, in fact, it doesn’t move around and you walk or drive ‘on it’ rather than ‘into it’. Or as a cheaper option you can use 20mm clean quarry stone.
These are laid over 150mm of compacted type 1 quarry stone with no membrane but will need some form of edging and this will give you years of great usage.
Give us a call for the best advise.
Would you like a free, no obligation Driveway quote?
We use Spam Protection in the form of simple sums on our contact forms to avoid mulitple marketing emails. Apologies for any inconvenience.
Please contact us here and we will get back to you within 48 hours for more information.


The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Pisa in Tuscany, Italy) is the most famous leaning building in the world. Its height is 55.8 m, its weight is 14,500 tons, and the degree of deviation from the vertical is up to 4 degrees. 1173 August 9 construction of the Leaning Tower of Pisa began. It is not known exactly who was the architect of the tower, Bonanius Piziečius is credited with a significant contribution to the construction of the tower.
1178 the works stopped, because the tower built on the alluvial soil began to lean little by little. The first three floors sloped 0.5 degrees to the north, and the floor where the servants’ quarters were supposed to be was not built so that the axis of the structure passed through it. For Giovanni di Simone 1272-1278. built three more floors.
After the collapse of the third to sixth floors, the tower began to lean in the other direction – it tilted 0.5 degrees to the south. Later, the construction work was delayed by the Wars of Pisa and Genoa. XIV century at the beginning, the tower still did not have the upper part, where the belfry was to be installed. This part in 1360-1370 completed by architect Tomaz Pizanas.


Franklin Drywall & Insulation
For over 20 years, Franklin Drywall & Insulation has been framing in the Lincoln, Nebraska area. We specialize in both metal framing and wood framing. Whether it’s for a residential or commercial framing project, we’ve got you covered. Contact us today about your metal framing or wood framing project in Lincoln today.
Cold-formed steel (CFS) framing offers numerous benefits over wood framing.
- Extremely Strong
- Quick Install
Metal framing is quickly becoming to go to framing material for interior and non-load-bearing partition walls in commercial construction. It’s ideal for construction in Lincoln, NE because of it’s strength and durability.
CFS studs come pre-punched with holes, designed to reduce the installation time it takes to install electrical and plumbing systems. The metal material doesn’t split, twist, bow, shrink, swell or absorb moisture, making it resistant to mold and mildew. Made from 100% recyclable material, CFS is a great choice when you want to use a sustainable building material. You’ll have less scrap and waste due to it’s uniform manufacturing.
While metal framing is more expensive than wood framing initially, the benefits do compile in labor savings and structural integrity. You’ll notice reduced labor hours for the frames, electricians and plumbers. They’ve also been known to lower insurance costs.
Interested in learning more about Cold-Formed Steel Framing? Check out BuildSteel.org.
If you are need of a metal framer, look no further. Franklin Drywall & Insulation, is here for you. Whether your project is small or large, residential or commercial.
Call us today for your free metal framing estimate.
Wood frame construction is the most common method of building homes and apartments in Lincoln and the United States. Wood frame buildings are economical to build, heat and cool.
If you are need of a wood framer, look no further. Franklin Drywall & Insulation, is here for you. Whether your project is small or large, residential or commercial.
Call us today for your free wood framing estimate.
HAVE A FRAMING PROJECT?
GIVE US A CALL!
We are here to help with your drywall or insulation project in and around Lincoln. Whether it be a small or large, residential or commercial project. Contact us today for a free estimate.


GRAND RAPIDS, Mich. (WOOD) — A $40 million renovation to Grand Rapids’ iconic Amway Grand Plaza Hotel is complete.
Managing company AHC Hospitality announced the milestone Monday after crews replaced the final panes of the downtown landmark’s glass exterior. The updated tower is now welcoming guests.
Crews have been working on the 656-room hotel since January 2019. Rockford Construction oversaw the project, with architectural firm Gensler and Progressive AE handling design.
The updates included replacing the building’s entire glass exterior with lighter tinted glass that’s easier to look through and more energy efficient. New floor-to-ceiling glass gives guests unobstructed views of the city, and visitors of the 27th floor MDRD restaurant sky-high views that stretch for miles.
Updates to the tower also include metal cladding, updated balcony rooms and a backlit logo on the hotel’s Pearl Street side.
The renovations were originally expected to wrap up this spring, but the timeline stretched into summer as the COVID-19 pandemic progressed and construction temporarily stalled.
The project closed a portion of Pearl Street last month as crews removed the rooftop crane installed in March 2019 for moving supplies to the top of the tower.


Using recycled plastic, solar cells are integrated into pavements that can power buildings and public lighting, and charge devices
By Krisztina Fenyo
BUDAPEST, Oct 26 (Reuters) - A Hungarian tech company is taking small steps with recycled plastic waste to make solar panels built into pavements to power buildings and charge electronic devices in public places.
The solar cells are protected with hardened glass tiles, which allow the pavements to carry the weight of vehicles, and the secret lies in the small-scale approach, said Imre Sziszak, co-founder of Budapest-based Platio.
"There are no complicated bits in this panel. We use recycled plastic which provides a very strong and durable surface," Sziszak said while laying down a pavement at a public swimming pool in the north-west town of Komarom on the Slovak border where the solar panels will provide green energy for public lighting and a USB-charging station.
"We wanted to make a really simple product that can provide renewable energy for households," Sziszak added.
One solar panel unit provides about 20 Watts of energy and Platio says it is the only company which uses recycled plastic waste for this purpose.
The solar cells are integrated into the pavement by using recycled plastic materials, with about two kilograms needed for each panel, and Platio pavements can be installed where using conventional solar technology is not possible.
"There are many cases when the users cannot put it on the roof, either because the bad position of the house, or because of the system or the roof structure, and in these cases ours is a very good alternative," Sziszak said.
For a typical family house, a 20 square-meter pavement provides sufficient green energy and Platio's largest project was an 80 square-meter pavement in Kazakhstan to power the air conditioning of a shopping mall.
Although the Platio solar pavement is currently more expensive than traditional roof-mounted panels, Sziszak believes the simplicity of the product makes it more versatile.
"For some reason, all our competitors and the other developers are somehow hooked on the idea of making roads...that signal where animals come from, or where the next turn is," he said.
"We wanted to make a really simple product that can provide renewable energy for households."
(Reporting by Krisztina Fenyo, editing by Ed Osmond)
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.


Help with a Council Building Notice Melbourne
So what is a Council Building Notice / Order?
In Victoria, it is a legal requirement that specific building work must be carried out following the assessment of a registered building surveyor and the relevant building permits applied for, approved and provided. Full compliance is required to meet the council building notice regulations. If the municipal building surveyor of the local council is informed of or has reason to believe that Illegal building works have commenced or have been completed without a building permit being issued, then a Council Building Notice is issued.
Building permits are issued to ensure that any work undertaken adheres to certain industry standards. If the standards are not adhered to, then problems can occur including safety risks etc, and can start to incur additional legal fees and the probability of further legal action if the building notice is not complied with.
Usually, a council building notice will provide a description of the unauthorized building work and request that the property owner to explain why they do not have the relevant permits in place. The objective of the council is to ensure that building standards are met, so you may be asked to
Carry out specific building work to achieve compliance.
Organize inspections by industry authorities including registered building surveyors, engineers etc,
Immediately cease any further building work on the property until the matter is resolved,
Demolish the illegal building works.
Comply with a further council building order and undergo additional inspections.
What should you do if you have received a Council Building Notice / Order?
Firstly, it's important to understand that a council building notice is an important legal document and if not managed correctly, can cause additional stress and the probability of additional costs including legal fees etc. Understanding this type of situation is what we're highly experienced in and we've advised many people before you on the best approach to a solution and an outcome acceptable to the council and the council building order.
Contact us today to discuss your council building notice or council building order, to asses your situation, answer your questions and advise you further.


Fujian Xiamen-Zhanghai Cross-sea Bridge I, II, IV福建厦漳跨海大桥Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ标
China Railway Bridge Bureau No. 5 Company, China Communications Second Navigation Bureau, China Communications First Public Service Bureau中铁大桥局五公司、中交二航局、中交一公局
The Xiamen-Zhanghai Sea-crossing Bridge is an important part of the expressway network and comprehensive transportation system on the west coast of the Taiwan Strait. It is connected to the Qingjiao hub in the Tianbao section of Zhangzhou, crosses Xiamen Bay by bridge, passes through Haimen Island, and ends at Longhai Houzhai in Zhangzhou. The Xiamen-Zhanghai Sea-Crossing Bridge includes major projects such as North Branch North Approach Bridge, North Branch Main Bridge, North Branch South Approach Bridge, Haimen Island Interchange and Toll Service Area, South Branch Bridge, and Haiping Interchange.
The civil engineering of the second section of the Xiamen-Zhanghai Cross-sea Bridge consists of two parts: the southern half bridge of the main bridge in the north branch and the southern approach bridge of the part of the north branch. 2927.4m. Among them, the main bridge of Beichai is the key control project of the project. The bridge is 1290 meters long, of which the main span is 780 meters, which can meet the safe navigation of 30,000-ton ships. , ranking sixth in the country and ninth in the world among bridges of the same type. The main tower of the bridge is 227 meters high, which is the tallest building that has been built and is currently under construction in Xiamen. Ⅳ The starting and ending pile numbers are K9+221~K10+086, and the main project contents are Nancha main bridge and Nancha south approach bridge, including bored piles, transition piers, auxiliary piers, cable towers and superstructure construction (including composite beams, Installation of steel anchor beams, stay cables, supports and subsequent embedded parts), manufacture and installation of ladders in towers, etc.; all stay cables (including auxiliary cables and dampers), tower beam dampers, telescopic Manufacture and installation of equipment.
Squeezing agent,grouting material压浆剂、灌浆料


The flooring of your house is very important. It plays a role in determining the longevity and aesthetics of your house. Choosing an inappropriate flooring material could cause you a lot of trouble. Since there are very many options to choose from, it can be very confusing to you. One of the best available options is polished concrete floors. They are made by polishing the surface of concrete slabs and adding chemicals called hardeners. They are a very popular choice for both commercial buildings and residential houses. The article below will explain the advantages of using Dallas commercial polished concrete
floors over other materials.
Polished concrete floors are cheap. Although their price is low, it is still of very good quality. It is also very easy and cheap to put up polished concrete floors in your house. Although there are other cheaper options like carpets, they do not have the same durability and quality as that of polished concrete floors. It is not very costly to hire someone to polish concrete slabs if you already have them.
It is also very long-lasting. Polished concrete floors are not easily damaged by extreme physical and chemical conditions. Polished concrete floors can retain their shiny surface for long periods of time. It is also very unlikely for polished concrete to crack or be destroyed by chemicals.
There are many designs of polished concrete floors to choose from. Unlike other materials for example wood or natural stone, polished concrete floors come in many different colors, shapes and patterns. It is much easier to find floors with colors or designs that you like. You can even pay some manufacturers to make custom-designed concrete polished floors for you. Polished concrete floors can be made to look like other flooring materials for example, ceramic tiles.
Polished concrete floors are also very hygienic. Their smooth surface blocks penetration of liquids like oil and water. Micro-organisms and dust particles are also prevented from accumulating on the smooth surface. Polished concrete floors are easy to clean due to the dirt and water-resistant nature of their surface. Click here
for more info.
They are also very versatile. They can be used for the flooring of all the rooms in your house, and even outside. You can use polished concrete to floor almost any room in your house. They can make bedrooms and living rooms look very good because of their shiny surface. You can use them to floor your bathrooms and washrooms because they have a high resistance to water. Since they are resistant to damage from high temperatures, they can be used in kitchens and boiling rooms. Polished concrete is an excellent flooring material for your porch. This is due to their ability to resist damage from extreme weather conditions.


Friday, 22 May 2009
Driving in the City....
Every person you meet in Mumbai is talking about this bridge which will be the future famous landmark of Mumbai. The Bandra-Worli sea link looks very attractive with its long 500 meters cables supporting the bridge….an intelligent bridge with state-of-the-art-system for traffic monitoring, surveillance, information and guidance, instrumentation, emergency support, etc.
Hopefully it will ease the traffic, which at present is a real nightmare, with more than 40 signals on its route, it takes us more that thirty five minutes to reach Worli from Bandra. With this bridge, we can reach Worli in just seven minutes! (That is if there is no traffic congestion at all)
31st May is the day, when people might go for a drive…….through this 8-lane bridge, which has a modern toll plaza of 16 lanes with automated toll collection system.
I am waiting too….*wink, wink*
The name "Bombay" was derived from 'Bom Bahia' (The Good Bay),
.... a name given by Portuguese sailor Francis Almeida, in 1508 ....“Bounce back Mumbai” .....as it is called by the locals, it is a city that has been through a lot in the recent past – floods, bomb blasts, riots – and come out stronger each time.
Live Exchange Rates
Do you love what you read here? .....Copy, churn, reproduce, share or imitate....knowledge is for sharing....But, do acknowledge me, or better still.... send me a copy....... firstname.lastname@example.org


The ambitious plan aims to put the passenger experience first.
By replacing franchising, accelerating innovation and integrating the railways, the government aim to deliver an efficient, financially sustainable railway that meets the needs of passengers.
Despite the huge advances in technology that have taken place since the Victorian era, some aspects of the rail system haven’t really moved on.
A newly-created, state-controlled body, Great British Railways (GBR), will integrate the railway system, owning infrastructure and collecting fare revenue. GBR will also be in charge of planning works on the network as well as setting fares and timetables.


Hossein is an enthusiastic Environmental Engineer who is passionate about developing innovative ways to treat water and reuse it for advantageous purposes, making significant contributions to the field of environmental engineering through his novel research and practical applications. His work has been published in peer-reviewed journals, and he has served as a reviewer for over 50 prestigious journal articles, demonstrating his expertise and leadership. To improve global water management and sustainability, Hossein uses his vast experience and achievements to foster change and innovation.
Hossein holds a B.Sc. and an M.Sc. in Civil and Environmental Engineering from Isfahan University of Technology, an M.Sc. in Civil Engineering from Oklahoma State University, and a Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering from Illinois Institute of Technology. His dedication to professional development goes beyond academic accomplishments, as he also obtained a Certificate in Leading People and Teams from the University of Michigan, which enhanced his leadership skills.
In his leisure time, Hossein enjoys being outdoors with his family and exploring new locations, especially those close to water. He is an avid enthusiast of water sports, sand volleyball, and horseback riding.


- 1 What is a Structural Engineer?
- 2 What Does a Structural Engineer Do?
- 3 How to Become a Structural Engineer
- 4 Structural Engineer Salary
- 5 Career Prospects and Progression
- 6 Advantages and Disadvantages
- 7 Related Opportunities
- 8 Further Information
What is a Structural Engineer?
A Structural Engineer is a highly skilled professional who specializes in designing and ensuring the safety and stability of structures such as buildings, bridges, tunnels, and other architectural projects. Their primary role is to create and assess the structural components of these constructions to ensure they can withstand various forces and environmental conditions, such as wind, gravity, earthquakes, and more.
Structural Engineers work closely with architects, builders, and construction teams to translate architectural plans into safe and structurally sound realities. They calculate loads, stresses, and forces that act on structures, analyze potential structural issues, and use advanced software and digital modeling to test how a building or bridge will perform under different circumstances. Additionally, they investigate soil conditions, visit construction sites, and may be involved in projects that require the demolition or repair of existing structures.
What Does a Structural Engineer Do?
Structural Engineers are the masterminds behind the design and construction of structures that can withstand immense pressure and challenges. Here’s a closer look at their role:
Designing Resilient Structures
- Structural Engineers collaborate with architects on various projects, ranging from bridges and tunnels to residential houses, offices, and sports stadiums.
- Their primary responsibility is to calculate the loads and stresses that a structure will experience and ensure it can endure factors like wind, gravity, and earthquakes.
- They use digital models to test how structures will react under different conditions.
- Investigating soil conditions, visiting construction sites, and managing projects involving demolition or repair of structures are also part of their job.
How to Become a Structural Engineer
If you’re considering a career as a Structural Engineer, here’s a breakdown of the path to follow:
- Most Structural Engineers start by earning an accredited degree and/or postgraduate qualification in structural or civil engineering.
- While some individuals with degrees in other engineering fields or highly numerate science degrees may enter the profession, their career progression might be slower and limited.
- To gain admission to an engineering degree program, you’ll typically need 2 A levels/3 H grades and 5 GCSEs/National 5s, including Maths and, in some cases, Physics.
- Some universities may specifically request Physics as a requirement.
- If you’ve completed an HNC/HND or a Foundation degree in Engineering, you can still enter the field but typically at a technician level (TIStructE).
- You can work your way up to engineer status through on-the-job training and further qualifications.
- The Initial Professional Development (IPD) scheme outlines the skills you need to demonstrate your engineering abilities and work toward becoming an Incorporated Structural Engineer (AMIStructE) or Chartered Structural Engineer (MIStructE).
- This process usually takes 3 to 4 years and includes an exam and interview known as the Professional Review Interview (PRI).
- Graduate structural engineers are encouraged to pursue membership with professional bodies like the Institution of Structural Engineers (IStructE) and the Engineering Council to enhance employability, salary potential, and progression into senior roles.
- You may also choose to pursue a master’s degree before entering the workforce to fast-track your path to chartered status. Alternatively, some employers offer sponsorship for studying while you work, often through a graduate training scheme.
Structural Engineer Salary
Now, let’s discuss the financial aspect of being a Structural Engineer:
- Graduate trainees typically start with a salary of around £22,000.
- As you gain experience in the field, your earnings can range from £24,000 to £40,000.
- Senior employees with chartered status may earn up to £50,000 or more.
Career Prospects and Progression
Wondering what the future holds for a Structural Engineer? Let’s explore:
- The Construction Skills Network reports a continuing skills gap in specialized trades within the construction industry.
- Infrastructure projects are expected to drive significant growth in the sector, with plans to invest more than £100 billion as part of the government’s National Infrastructure Delivery Plan.
- Many employers offer training schemes for new structural engineers, allowing you to work toward professional status.
- You can work in engineering consultancies, construction companies, and later specialize in specific areas, such as concrete buildings or refurbishment.
- With chartered status, you might consider becoming self-employed, delve into research or lecturing, or explore contract work abroad.
- Achieving the status of Fellow of the IStructE is a recognition of excellence in structural engineering and a prestigious milestone in your career.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Considering a career as a Structural Engineer? Here are some pros and cons to consider:
- You should be prepared to work in all weather conditions, and travel within a working day is common. You may even have opportunities to work away from home.
- This is an essential job with a high level of responsibility, and your skills and expertise will be highly valued.
- The physical demands of the job can be challenging for some individuals.
If structural engineering intrigues you but you’re exploring other options within the construction and design field, consider these related opportunities:
- Architect: Architects are responsible for designing buildings and overseeing their construction.
- Quantity Surveyor: Quantity surveyors manage project finances and costs within the construction industry.
- Surveying Technician: Surveying technicians assist in collecting and analyzing data related to construction projects.
For additional resources and information about structural engineering, you can visit the following websites:


WHITEHOUSE, TX (KLTV)- The future of toll road 49 is in the hands of the Smith County Commissioners Court.
Officials listened to concerns and comments Thursday night about using Smith County property tax revenues to pay for the next phase of the toll road.
A 26 mile portion of Toll 49 is already finished but a six mile section called the Lindale relief route is still waiting to be built.
Smith County officials say the problem is the state doesn't have any money set aside to build the next phase.
The Commissioners Court is considering using a transportation reinvestment zone or TRZ to get the project started.
They say only new tax revenue from properties along Toll Road 49 would be put in the TRZ and only half the tax value on future growth in the county will go to funding Toll Road 49.


The construction industry in Kenya is experiencing a significant upswing, with excavator rental playing a pivotal role in this growth.
The construction industry in Kenya is experiencing a significant upswing, with excavator rental playing a pivotal role in this growth. Globegain Ltd stands out as a premier provider of construction equipment rental services, offering a wide range of excavators suitable for various construction needs. This article delves into the intricacies of hiring excavators in Kenya, a vital consideration for contractors and construction companies aiming for cost-effective and efficient project execution.
The cost of renting an excavator in Kenya varies considerably based on the size of the excavator and whether it’s rented with or without an operator. For instance, dry hire rates for a 1-2 Tonne Excavator are approximately Ksh 4000 per hour, while a larger 50 Tonne Excavator can cost up to Ksh 18000 per hour. Wet hire rates, which include an operator, range from Ksh 11500 per hour for smaller excavators to Ksh 27000 for the largest models. These rates reflect the diverse needs of construction projects, from minor digging tasks to major excavation works.
Choosing between dry hire (without an operator) and wet hire (with an operator) is a crucial decision. Dry hire is often preferred by those who have skilled operators, while wet hire is ideal for projects that require specialized skills or when operators are not readily available. Wet hire rates are higher due to the additional costs of the operator, fuel, and machine maintenance.
The rental agreement usually stipulates minimum hire hours, ensuring that the rental is economically viable for the provider. For smaller excavators, a few hours might suffice, while larger ones often require a full day’s hire. The logistics of delivering and returning the excavator also factor into the cost, especially for larger machines that demand specialized transport arrangements.
Travel and mobilization expenses are additional considerations. These costs cover the transportation of the excavator to and from the construction site. For larger excavators, which can be challenging to transport due to their size and weight, these costs can be significant. Companies like Globegain calculate these expenses based on distance and the time involved in transportation.
Selecting the appropriate excavator size and type is essential for project efficiency. Globegain offers a range of excavators, each suited to specific tasks. Mini excavators are perfect for small-scale projects like landscaping or minor digging work, while larger excavators are necessary for substantial construction projects. The choice depends on factors like the project’s scope, the site’s accessibility, and the nature of the work to be done.
The importance of partnering with a reputable rental company cannot be overstated. Globegain prides itself on providing reliable, well-maintained equipment, ensuring that projects run smoothly without unnecessary delays or equipment malfunctions. The company’s commitment to customer service and support further enhances the rental experience, ensuring that clients have the right equipment and expertise for their specific construction needs.
Renting an excavator in Kenya is a decision that involves multiple factors, including cost, equipment type, project duration, and logistical considerations. Globegain offers comprehensive solutions, catering to a wide array of construction requirements. Understanding these factors and choosing a reliable partner like Globegain can significantly impact the success and efficiency of construction projects in Kenya’s dynamic construction sector.


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The in-line pumps available with us are known and appreciated for their electrically driven design. These pumps are derived from standard foot mounted pumps that are easy to dismantle and are also occupy very less space. These
inline pumps can also operate with shaft in horizontal, vertical, inclined position. Our range of pumps can easily operate at water temperature up to 90° C.
The different areas where our in-line pumps are used are central heating, air-conditioning & refrigeration installations, water supply and circulation for industrial and commercial uses, water boosting for industrial and sprinkler systems and irrigation and dewatering systems.
The supply system in which our in-line pumps are offered by us are 3 Phase – 230 / 380 / 415 / 440 / 480 Volts - 50 / 60 Hz - A.C. Supply.
MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION
All wetted parts of cast iron / gunmetal / s.s. 316, pump shaft of carbon steel / stainless steel and stuffing box with gland packing / mechanical seal can be supplied against specific requirement.


In order to be there for our users in as many places as possible, we have developed two station types. The Cube Toolbox has room for hundreds of tools. From the small drill to the concrete mixer there is enough space. This type of station is usually located in parking lots of supermarkets or DIY stores. In order to get very close to the city, a City Toolbox has also been developed that fits into any urban space. In this compact station format, everything is needed for use in the city jungle.


In the beginning stages of building a new home, it is possible to find that the lot has to be demucked before construction. The removal of muck is called demucking, which is a form of soil improvement prior to a construction project The muck is a layer beneath the topsoil often consisting of bay bottom silt or organic material that decomposed over time. This soil is very unstable. Site Boyzz hires a soil engineer to determine whether or not the soil on site has to be removed or just re-compacted.
When the muck is removed, it is replaced with a fill or sand material that is installed and compacted. After this process is complete, you are ready to start your building pad.
We promise to deliver the best quality Site Development Experience in Palm Beach County, FL!


624 Patrick St.
This project consisted of the total redesign of an existing 1 story concrete block structure built in the early 1950’s, of very little historic significance. The challenge was to take what was given to us (see picture) and turn it into a very inviting space to be used as an attorney’s office. The subsequent addition and renovation turned out to be a very pleasing building, both interior and exterior, which will brighten the area and give the attorneys a very special place to conduct their business. The original building was 2,000 s.f. and the finished product 3,200 s.f.
Gators Dockside St. Cloud
The end result of this renovation and addition is a very nice sports bar, Gators Dockside, one of many in Central Florida. We had to work with an existing bank building, complete with vault and covered drive through. We removed the entire roof and drive through, saved 3 walls, a few steel beams, and most of the concrete slab, added 2600sf to the existing 3350sf, and ended up with a total area of 5950sf. There are two bars, a covered outdoor seating area, and more TV monitors than you can count. The restaurant is always crowded, and the dining and entertainment experience is very satisfying.


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Thanks to the partnership between Ford and Bosch, the new automated valet parking system in Ford cars has arrived in Detroit, Michigan, the home of the US auto industry.
The German automakers Mercedes, Audi, and BMW, have already provided this smart technology that enables cars to park themselves in garages. Depending on sensors placed in the garage and on the vehicle, a car can park itself without anyone inside, and this technology allows the driver to request his car to go out and head towards his whereabouts using his smartphone.
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And now Ford, in cooperation with the German company Bosch, which manufactures a variety of products and auto parts, has been able to test this technology after equipping a garage in Detroit with the smart sensors and the infrastructure that the new automatic parking system relies on to control the car.
The connected Ford test vehicles operate in a highly automated fashion by vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication with Bosch’s intelligent parking infrastructure. The infrastructure sensors recognize and localize the vehicle to guide its parking maneuver, including the ability to help avoid pedestrians and other hazards. If the infrastructure senses something in the vehicle’s path, it can stop the vehicle immediately.
Automated parking solutions bring value to garage owners by allowing for the more efficient use of spaces inside a parking garage. With automated valet parking, the same amount of space can accommodate up to 20 percent more vehicles. The solution can be deployed via retrofitted solutions like the one in the Assembly Garage or with embedded infrastructure planned into the construction of new garages that enables optimized design for the maximum capacity.
Perhaps many of us wish that the new automatic parking system would be available in the cars we drive when we go to the malls and that the time we waste while looking for a place to park our vehicles would be reduced.


The provincial government recently granted P500,000 through the initiative of Dr. Estrella P. Fernandez, Board Member, 2nd District, to 12 municipalities of the province as an assistance in the completion of their various infrastructure projects.
In the municipalities of Abulug and Allacapan, at least 9 barangays were granted an amount of P5,000 each for the completion of various projects.
The amount of P80,000 was also granted for the towns of Buguey and Ballesteros while the various development projects in the municipalities of Claveria and Lasam amounted to P90,000.
Furthermore, the assistance given for various projects in the towns of Lallo, Pamplona and Piat amounted to P105,000 while P180,000 was granted to the municipalities of Rizal, Sanchez Mira and Sto. Niño.
The financial grant in all 12 municipalities was used to improve and complete pending projects, such as: barangay halls, school buildings, day care centers, public toilets, deep water systems, irrigation canals, health centers, sports centers and streetlights, among others.
Dr. Estrella P. Fernandez expressed confidence the realization of the development projects would improve the quality of life of the Cagayanos particularly in the said areas.
Cagayan News and Information Bulletin, Volume 1, No. 3


Civil engineering : is that the broadest of the engineering fields. Civil engineering focuses on the infrastructure of the planet which include Water works, Sewers, Pulls,Power Plants, Transmission Railroads, Highways, big pulls, Tunnels, Irrigation Canals, River Navigation, Shipping Canals, Traffic Control, Mass Transit, Airport ways, Terminals, plant Buildings, Skyscrapers, etc. Among the new important subdivisions of the sector are the same construction engineering, irrigation engineering, transportation engineering, soils and foundation engineering, geodetic engineering, civil engineering , and coastal and ocean engineering
Engineering may be a term applied to the profession in which of the natural sciences in the gained by the study are experience, and practice. To applied the efficient use of the materials or forces of nature. Engineers are that ones who have received in professional training in the pure or applied science. Before the center of the 18th century, large scale construction work was usually placed within the hands of military engineers. Military engineering involved such work because the preparation of topographical maps, the situation , design, and construction of roads and bridges, and therefore the building of forts and docks; see Military Engineering below. In the 18th century, the term engineering came into use to the explain force engineering work that was performed by civilians for nonmilitary purposes.
the bridge, waterways, fortifications and machines of war were all projects also projects undertaken by the military engineer Kings, Queens, Empermes or Pharaohs required these military building services from their engineers so as to create massive structures that created a strong and imposing image of themselves. This was the ultimate form of self promotion. The reason the civil” and “military engineers were grouped together , was because the techniques of designing these projects were similar and one who worked on military construction projects also worked on civil projects. Also the structures such as roads, pulls of the buildings and bridges of facilitated for the military agendas of certain rulers Definitely, before the term civil engineer was coined, civil engineers were in existence. Millennia ago when the pyramids of the Mayan and Egyptian empires were building pyramids, the people designing and supervising the development of the pyramids must are an engineer. Certainly, those endowed with the responsibility of devising ways to unravel the day to day problems of construction, transportation, water irrigation, town planning were engineers. The engineers of the past often worked on technical problems of their day by using mechanics, available materials and technicians of the day and sometimes worked in areas that ranged from mechanical, military inventions to architecture, which involved the planning of aesthetic structure.


Mr. Hanson has represented developers, general contractors and sub-contractors in construction claims and defect litigation, for the past 22 years. He also has experience with land use matters and contract close-out disputes, as well as general insurance defense litigation.
Mr. Hanson’s experience includes conducting high-end settlement negotiations, arbitrations, and appearing for clients at various court hearings. Mr. Hanson has taken innumerable depositions, including PMQ/COR’s of major corporations. He has prepared and defended clients in over 100 depositions. Mr. Hanson is client-focused, and believes excellent communication and due diligence are keys to achieving client success.
Prior to entering private practice, Mr. Hanson worked in the construction industry for sixteen years. He served as a Managing Foreman for construction companies in Hawaii and California where he managed all aspects of building multi-million dollar custom homes, including oversight of project crews and deadlines. He also served as Assistant Project Manager for a construction services company in California where he advised the management team on materials and price negotiations, managed commercial projects within budget and on deadline, and initiated and implemented a pre-job then weekly trouble-shooting system. Mr. Hanson began his career as a builder where he contracted for and specialized in building luxury custom homes.


To enhance the quality of life and the environment of the citizens of Colorado by creating an integrated transportation system that focuses on safely moving people, goods and information by offering convenient linkages among modal choices.
To provide the best multimodal transportation system for Colorado that most effectively and safely moves people, goods, and information.
The Division of Engineering is led by the Chief Engineer and is responsible for integrated transportation program development functions including planning, engineering, design, and construction. Reporting to the Chief Engineer are CDOT’s Division of Transportation Development, Division of Project Support, Office of Property Management, Office of Civil Rights & Business Resource Center, Office of Program Management, and the Central Interstate 70 Project Team.
The Division of Maintenance & Operations was created in 2019 by combining maintenance and operations functions of the state highway system to provide a coordinated response from both functional areas to improve efficiency and safety. The Division is responsible for coordinating the Department’s maintenance program, implementing low-cost, high-value operational improvements for the highway system, providing asset management for various ancillary assets of the department, and managing the Department’s vehicle fleet.
The Division of Accounting & Finance is responsible for producing CDOT’s annual budget, under the direction for the Colorado Transportation Commission. Additionally, the Division forecasts transportation funding revenue from the Highway Users Trust Fund, manages federal aid billing, providing department accounting services, and manages the department’s procurement process.
The Division of Aeronautics supports aviation interests statewide, by awarding and administering grants to help improve Colorado’s 74 airports, funded by aviation fuel tax receipts. The Division operates under the guidance of the Colorado Aeronautical Board.


When it comes to building a new home or business, the location is a crucial factor. However, building near electricity infrastructure, such as power lines or substations, can raise concerns about potential health risks. In this article, we’ll explore the risks of building near electricity infrastructure and what precautions you can take to protect yourself.
Risks of Building Near Electricity Infrastructure
One of the primary concerns about building near electricity infrastructure is the potential health risks associated with electromagnetic fields (EMF). EMF is a type of radiation that is generated by electrical and electronic devices, including power lines and substations.
Some studies have suggested that exposure to EMF could increase the risk of cancer and other health problems.
Additionally, building near electricity infrastructure could also pose risks to the structural integrity of your property. Power lines and substations generate heat, which could cause damage to buildings if they are located too close.
Precautions for Building Near Electricity Infrastructure
If you are considering building near electricity infrastructure, there are several precautions you can take to protect yourself and your property.
1. Consult with Experts
Before building, it’s crucial to consult with experts who can advise you on the potential risks and precautions to take. This could include EMF surveyors, structural engineers, and other specialists who can provide valuable insights into the risks and precautions you need to take.
2. Consider the Distance
One of the most important precautions you can take when building near electricity infrastructure is to consider the distance between your property and the infrastructure. The further away you are, the less exposure you will have to EMF and the less risk of structural damage.
3. Use Shielding
Another precaution you can take is to use shielding materials to block or absorb EMF. For example, you could use special paint or curtains that are designed to reduce the amount of EMF that enters your property.
4. Design for Structural Integrity
If you are building near electricity infrastructure, it’s essential to design your property with structural integrity in mind. This could include using materials that are resistant to heat and other potential risks associated with the infrastructure.
5. Get an EMF Survey
Finally, it’s crucial to get an EMF survey done on your property before and after construction. An EMF survey can help you identify any potential sources of EMF and provide recommendations for reducing your exposure. This could include recommendations for shielding, distance, and other precautions you can take to protect yourself and your property.
The Importance of Getting an EMF Survey Done
An EMF survey is a measurement of the electromagnetic fields that are present in your home or business. This can help you to identify any sources of EMF that could be harmful to your health or the structural integrity of your property.
During an EMF survey, a professional will use specialised equipment to measure the strength of the electromagnetic fields in your property. They will then provide you with a report that outlines any potential health risks and recommends any steps that you can take to reduce your exposure to EMF.
It’s crucial to note that an EMF survey is not a guarantee of safety. While it can help you to identify potential sources of EMF, there is still no conclusive evidence that building near electricity infrastructure is harmful to human health. Nevertheless, an EMF survey can provide peace of mind and help you to take any necessary steps to protect your health and the structural integrity of your property.
Building near electricity infrastructure can raise concerns about potential health risks and structural damage. However, by taking the necessary precautions and consulting with experts, you can protect yourself and your property. These precautions include considering the distance between your property and the infrastructure, using shielding materials, designing for structural integrity, and getting an EMF survey done before and after construction.


Bonner County Daily Bee
By CAROLINE LOBSINGER
Staff Writer | June 1, 2023 1:00 AM
SAGLE — A project more than two years in the making is slated to wrap up by Friday as a median U-turn on U.S. 95 is opened to traffic.
Crews are finalizing striping and signage, the final steps of the project’s second phase, Megan Jahns, Idaho Transportation Department public information officer, said.
“The U-turn will give drivers who want to turn left onto U.S. 95 from Lakeshore Drive and other nearby roads an option to turn right first, travel downstream and then use the new lane to make a U-turn and rejoin northbound traffic,” Jahns said. “This U-turn is designed to increase safety and traffic flow south of the Long Bridge.”
Motorists had been clamoring for years for a project to make the U.S. 95 and Lakeshore Drive intersection safer access to the highway. Motorists attempting to head north by turning left from the roadway often struggle to find a break in southbound traffic coming off the Long Bridge.
Impetuous or impatient motorists have occasionally been known to dart out into the intersection despite the onslaught of southbound traffic traveling at highway speed.
The plan, which was first suggested by Bonner County Road & Bridge officials several years ago, includes a combination of acceleration lanes and U-turns. Funding for the project was included in Gov. Brad Little’s Building Idaho’s Future initiative and approved by the Idaho Legislature in the 2021 session.
Leading the effort were former District 1 Sen. Jim Woodward and former District 7 Sen. Carl Crabtree.
Seeing the completion of the Lakeshore turnaround and the Sagle traffic light is rewarding, Woodward said.
“The project is a great example of how government can be responsive and effective,” he told the Daily Bee. “The Lakeshore intersection has become more and more dangerous as U.S. 95 traffic has increased over the years.”
While in the Idaho Senate, Woodward brought the project up the priority list by emphasizing just how bad the problem was to state officials and fellow legislators.
“The governor and the ITD Board were very supportive upon understanding the dangers of the situation,” Woodward said. “We’re fortunate to have Jim Thompson, a Bonner County resident, on the ITD board as the North Idaho transportation representative.”
All of those factors were key to moving the project up the priority list, he said.
With construction complete, ITD officials noted that the Serenity Lee Trail also has reopened.
“We want to thank everyone for their patience and understanding during construction,” Jahns said on the website. “Crews will remain in the area for the coming week as they finalize construction activities. No major impacts to traffic are expected.”
Construction of the first phase, which included adding an acceleration lane for drivers turning south onto U.S. 95, was completed in fall 2021 and spring 2022. Dedicated lanes for different turning movements from Lakeshore Drive were also established.
“U-turns give drivers who want to turn left onto U.S. 95 an option to turn right first, travel downstream and then use a new lane to make a U-turn and rejoin traffic,” ITD officials said on the department’s website. “These U-turns are designed to increase safety and traffic flow in areas such as the south end of the Long Bridge.”
While ITD does not plan to restrict left turns from Lakeshore Drive onto U.S. 95 at the Long Bridge, department officials cautioned that could happen in the future if conditions warrant. If that decision is made, drivers would still be able to head north from Lakeshore Drive by using the U-turn to the south.
Woodward said while needed and will go a long way to improve safety, it’s important for people to know the improvements are a short-term solution.
“We needed some kind of fix now, not ten or twenty years down the road,” he added.
A long-term solution is a much bigger project that will take more time and money.
“The Sagle Corridor study, funded at the same time as this project, is underway. The corridor study will produce preliminary designs through engineering work and public input,” Woodward said. “In the meantime, we can enjoy the improved safety and functionality from this project.”


Homeowners can help prevent water seepage into the basement just by following some simple home maintenance tips. Remember, the main reason water seeps into the basement in the first place is excess water in the soil around and under the foundation of the house. If you do your part to prevent as much water from building up near the foundation, you can help prevent seepage and leaks.
Seepage is when water comes through the foundation walls or up through the basement floor. Leaks are water coming through gaps, cracks, and holes in the foundation wall. Common leak spots are around basement windows and window wells, through gaps around drains and sump pits, at the cove where the concrete floor meets the foundation wall and through foundation cracks.
To prevent basement seepage and leaks follow these four home maintenance tips:
Gutters and downspouts are important. They keep the rainwater from dumping right next to your foundation wall. That is why they exist. If you don’t have gutters, get them. If you have them, keep them clean and maintain your gutters. Clogged or broken gutters and downspouts can be just as bad as not having any at all. Maintaining your gutters and downspouts will help prevent basement seepage and leaks for sure.
2.) Landscaping and Grade
Your landscaping and grade slope should always slope away from the foundation. Water finds the path of least resistance and follows the slope. If you have a yard sloping toward your foundation, you will create a problem for yourself. If the landscaping next the foundation wall is angled toward the foundation, it will create a channel to collect water and actually cause basement seepage. Eliminate this threat by making sure that your soil and grade by the foundation is properly compacted sloped away from the foundation.
3.) Yard Drainage
Exterior yard drainage is also important to channel water away from the foundation. If your rainwater doesn’t have anywhere to go it can collect in your yard and cause hydrostatic pressure problems. Hydrostatic pressure can cause water seepage, leaks, foundation cracks, and other serious structural damage. Proper French drains and drainage in the yard as well as at the driveway will help prevent water buildup.
4.) Snow Drifts
During the snowy winter never shovel snow into a pile by the foundation wall. Even though it seems natural to shovel the driveway into a big pile up against the house, it is not a good idea. Snow is frozen water. Come spring that snow will melt and be like dumping gallons of water into the soil directly by the foundation wall. Actually, 1 cubic foot of snow equals 7.4 gallons of water. That is a lot of water. You can do your part by keeping snow away from the foundation.