The Kampong Bahru Bus Terminal is a terminal for buses that is located on Spooner road around Jalan Bukit Merah and Kampong Bahru Road junction. It is the bus routes terminating point for buses towards and away from the city. It was officiated on 10/03/2018 which replaced New Bridge Bus terminal the former one. Kampong Bahru bus stop is operated by SBS transit, who happened to be the Bukit Merah Bus qualified tenderer.
Kampong Bahru Bus Terminal Located near to Silat Avenue
The terminal always serves as the bus route terminating point that serves new bridge road and Chinatown before it branches towards the heartlands. It has a nearby station approximate 600 meters away located in North East and East-West line called Outram Park MRT Station. Kampong Bahru Bus Terminal is located near to Silat Avenue Avenue South Residence located near to the Greater Southern Waterfront.
The terminal has 29 bus-parking lots in a singular concourse and has separate vehicular exits and entrances towards the Spooner road. A passenger concourse has four sawtooth berths which are used in boarding activities and the linear alighting berth. Every berth has an equipped wheelchair waiting area, priority seat benches, and metal queue lines.
Kampong Bahru Bus Terminal Near to Housing Estates
The New Bridge Bus Terminal Road was built around 1970 for serving many bus services that terminate towards the New Bridge Road south end. It hence replaced the past roadside bus terminal, that used to cause road congestion frequently. After some periods, the bus terminals were then moved to the new terminal from the old roadside terminating point.
The terminal was used over a long period for housing many bus routes until they started constructing the East-West line around early 1990 and the then construction of North East line later in 2003. The housing states and new bridge road had several bus routes between them which were then amended or withdrawn from the new bridge road due to several bus realization schemes. The aim was preventing any wasteful MRT lines duplications, leaving all trunk routes behind.
SBS Transit Poster Kampong Bahru Bus Terminal
On 18/03/2018, the new bridge bus station was then relocated to the Kampong Bahru bus terminal, that was built on the land that was formerly owned by the KTM (Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad), being the National Railway Operator of Malaysia. The new bridge bus terminal road that was before, with its car park that was adjacent to it, was then cleared and a surgery center was built there, which expanded the existing infrastructure at the SGH ( Singapore General Hospital). The built surgery center was then called an Elective Care Center which is then scheduled to become ready by 2022, where more specialist outpatient clinics, operating theaters, and inpatient facilities will be added to the SGH.
• Barrier-free Toilets
• Add Value Machine
• Bicycle Parking Lots (150)
• Family Room
• Charging Area
• Boarding Berths priority seating
• Passenger Service Counters (SMRT Buses & SBS Transit)
• Transit-link Ticket Office (Currently Not In Use)
• Water Coolers
• Retail Shops ( Currently Not In Use)


There are many potential issues associated with constructon and the maintenance of the property. Keeping up on things can be difficult, and sometimes, you need to have systems in place to ensure that problems are kept to a minimum. This would include the control of storm water because if it is mismanaged, it could lead to a variety of problems. Having a system for effective storm water control in Georgia may require a number of steps in order for things to be done properly.
One of the first things that may need to be done is to have a survey of the property. This is typically done before the construction begins but it is more than just a simple property survey or building layout. A topographical survey must be done on the property as well as the surrounding areas. After that is complete, you will have a much better idea of the amount of storm water you are dealing with and how it can be effectivly controlled.
If you are dealing with an existing building and are having problems with storm water runoff on the property, a different type of survey may be needed. This type of survey is known as an as-built, and it will show the layout of the property, including any existing structures. In addition, a topographical survey will help the engineers to determine what type of storm water control in Georgia is needed for the property. In some cases, it may be necessary to add on to the existing infrastructure to ensure that things work properly.
The local government is also going to take an active interest in any type of construction that is taking place in the area. Permits may be necessary and the specific options may be different, depending on the county and municipality that is involved. Pulling the proper permits is not only a requirement, but it is also a responsibility and having the posted in the proper locations will help to keep problems to a minimum.
Why is it necessary to have permits in place for storm water management? First of all, there are agencies in place that will look into the storm water management plan (SWMP) carefully to ensure that it is sufficient for the runoff on the property. They may also consider the possibility of future development on the property, which would also affect the storm water control.
In addition, they will check to ensure that you are not overloading any storm drain systems that may be in the area and are maintained by the local or county government. Overloading those systems can put a real burden on everyone that is using them. They will also be looking for any illegal activities, such as dumping sewage or other improper discharges.
There is a lot that goes on behind the scenes when it comes to storm water management. By setting things up properly from the start, you will ensure that you are in compliance with the regulations and limit the possibility that delays will occur.


A library designed for a new build custom home in Toronto, is now in the installation stage. The two-storey rotunda library, complete with a hidden door, has the millwork in place, and the stone-like columns are being tailored into the millwork. The homeowners favoured a gothic style column, and the Chestnut Grove design team set out on the task of replicating the specific look. The columns are constructed of lightweight concrete material that’s designed for the interior of the house.
The millwork is being installed into the grand space, that encompasses a portion of the basement and first floor of the house. Designed as a library and office space for the client, the space will be a quiet retreat, filled floor to ceiling with books and collectibles.
See the project updates on Instagram and Twitter @chestnutgroveto


Algeria has made the development of the highway infrastructure a major area of development, manifested from the immense investment of the government in the development of the highway infrastructure at the notable extent that has made this venture one of the world’s largest highway construction venture to date. To promote the venture and other small to large road construction ventures, we as a road construction equipment manufacturer of most favored range of the asphalt batch mix plant in Algeria at the most competitive rates.
The offered asphalt batch mix plant in Algeria is one of the specialized range that we have made with the combination of the technological advancement in compliance to the international quality regulation with the pinpoint accuracy in the every stage of the manufacturing, to deliver the range of the asphalt batch mix plant that can excel under the harshest conditions and perform unfailingly even for the longer period of operations.
The provided asphalt batch mix plant is incorporated with the PLC control in order to operate the entire plant in an efficient manner and with less effort, available in the standard range as well as tailor made range at the lowest possible rates.
|Barika||Sidi Bel Abbes||El Eulma||Bir elAter|


More than 75% of Croatian buildings are over 30 years old, which represents a time when, for most buildings, reconstruction or renovation is necessary. More than 40% of buildings are over 50 years old (most were built by masonry and wood), which would mean that the useful life of these buildings has already expired. Currently, the assessment of the condition of existing structures is based on identifying, localising and assessing deterioration, degradation and damage. The findings of the condition assessment usually suggest the reinforcement of structures. Current practice cannot be considered appropriate for making a safe decision on the reliability of structures.
Simplifications in existing design methods allow engineers to conduct structural safety assessment for most structures. Deterministic methods for evaluating existing structures enable easy assessment but suffer from high safety factors. Assessing the condition of existing structures requires more advanced methods such as semi-probabilistic, probabilistic or risk-based methods, which have not yet been used in masonry or timber structures. When assessing the condition at the level of structure reliability, collapse and unnecessary demolition are avoided and the end result are safer structures and better use of resources. The lack of standardised assessment procedures results in inadequate reconstruction of existing structures. Without proper recommendations, it is difficult to approach the problem, which usually leads to misinterpretation of the collected data and wrong conclusions and decisions related to strengthening and reconstruction of existing structures. The development of research techniques for determining material properties will help reduce unreliability related to predicting behaviour of existing structures.
The project will deal with the existing masonry and timber structures in order to determine the advantages of assessing their condition in terms of economy and safety of structures. Main objectives of the project are: to develop a database of structures and assessment techniques, to gain insight into the properties of materials and structures by using the methods of condition assessment and analysis of structures, to create a probabilistic database of material characteristics for masonry and timber structures, to evaluate characteristics of materials and their behaviour over time for analysing existing structures, to optimize prediction models for behaviour of structures and to assess the proportionality and reliability of design guidelines.
This research is particularly interesting in terms of earthquakes because masonry structures are the most sensitive to horizontal loads. The assessment of the condition of existing masonry structures requires knowledge of various and specialised technical skills, and the objective of this project is to develop advanced methodology for a more precise condition assessment complemented by modern procedures (Bayesian updating, value of information analysis) and thus contribute to the profession and science in connection with the earthquake that recently hit Zagreb. The project partner is the University of Chalmers from Sweden with active participation of four other European universities.


ABOUT THE BUILDER
BY SUMMIT DEVELOPMENT GROUP INC.
Summit Building Services is a leader in the construction industry, providing exceptional building solutions through integrity, value and quality craftsmanship. Our company offers a comprehensive background with unmatched experience and versatility. We combine a variety of expertise to excel within any segment of Commercial Construction, Design/Build and Management. We offer the most reliable and efficient building solutions customized to each clients’ specific needs.
DANIEL J KIEFER
With over 25 years in the construction and real estate development industry, Dan‘s main focus is to provide clients with the highest quality, energy efficient, healthy green housing product available by maintaining a superior knowledge in his craft through ongoing training of new technologies, products and building codes. Each client is treated with the utmost in respect with special attention to provide the client with a personalized and comfortable process in designing and constructing their dream home.


On this page you will find information regarding the progress of the 2015 England Park Model Raceway racing surface redevelopment. There will also be regular updates outlining equipment and skills required to complete specific tasks and if you are able to help in anyway please contact the committee via email at firstname.lastname@example.org
View the 2015 Redevelopment Image Gallery Here!
QRCCRA would like to thank the following companies for their support during the redevelopment of England Park Model Raceway:
Pre 2015 – The Story So Far…
Over the last 12 months the committee has sought advice from various experts in order to resolve the two main issues relating to the England Park Model Raceway racing surface. Here is what was concluded:
- The Bumps: Initially it was assumed that the polymer sealing layer, put in place during the last resurface, had separated from the lower surfaces and was causing the top track surface to ‘bubble up’ with changes in temperature. After consulting with experts from Fulton Hogan, Brisbane City Council and other asphalting contractors, a variety of possible causes were named and it was not possible to confirm that separation between layers was the issue. At this point the committee decided to have core samples of the track tested, the results of which showed minimal separation and almost zero permeability of the polymer layer. One area that the experts we consulted unanimously agreed on was the inadequate drainage currently in place. They were all able to point out evidence of water that was trapped in the infield and areas where this had caused deformation of the racing surface or instability in the track’s foundations. The instability in the subsoil combined with water trapped under the impermeable polymer layer was noted as another possible contributing factor to the bumps at the surface.
- Turn One Sinking: While it may seem simple to determine that instability in the subsoil is responsible for the sinking that is most evident on the outside of turn one, the solution is much more complicated. The possible solutions suggested range from the erection of a retaining wall below ground level around the outside of the corner, to the complete removal of turn one and laying a concrete base before resurfacing the track. Once again inadequate drainage was unanimously noted as the cause of the subsoil’s instability.
Using the above information it was determined that the following tasks must be integrated into the resurfacing works:
- Profile the current racing surface to remove the polymer layer that is preventing the movement of water vertically through the race track
- Improve the drainage through the installation of subsoil drains along both sides of the entire length of the track
- Remove turn one and replace foundations, to prevent future sinking
Note: Profiling refers to the removal a specified amount of asphalt from the race track’s surface.
January 2015 – Surveying and Planning…
During the first half of 2014, Andrew from Paveset was able to survey the current layout and use it to provide contractors with accurate measurements for quoting purposes. The track was then able to be plotted and modelled using specialist software, which showed up some flaws relating to drainage from the track surface and highlighted the need for profiling the track to a specific shape that would optimise drainage and decrease the amount of asphalt required to resurface the track.
Following consultations with members regarding the possibility of several changes and/or additions to the current layout some options were incorporated into the track design and a computer model produced (see below). The changes that will be made to the layout include opening up the existing cutouts to allow two way traffic, opening the back sweeper to make it a true high speed corner, lengthening the front straight and raising the exit of turn one to allow for the future addition of an oval layout, and the addition of a turn between the current turns one and two. Initially it was planned to retain the original track between turns one and two, however due to the change in elevation required to allow turn one to join turn three this was not possible. The new section will incorporate a short downhill run from the exit of turn one, through the changing camber of the new turn two, and up hill into a faster turn three (old turn two). The elevation changes in this section will offer unique challenges not found in any other model raceway in Australia.
Note: The following images do not properly represent the view from the driver’s stand.
The last race meeting to be held on the current surface will be on the 28th of February and the track will be closed until works are completed, which is anticipated to be less than two months. The tasks that need to be completed during this time are listed below, if you are able to offer any assistance please contact the committee via email at email@example.com
- Have under ground electrical lines located
- Develop drainage design with Darren Densley
- Finalise track design with “Paveset”
- Disconnect power and light fittings on Eastern lighting pole
- Relocate lighting pole
- Trench and install lighting electrical pit
- Refit and connect light fittings
- Move/remove Western spectator fence
- Lift and remove concrete curbs
- Lift and remove steel barriers
- Lift and remove obstructive marshal points
- Lift and remove pit lane curb and remove steel reo starter bars
- Trench and lay Aggie pipe and connect to pits (where possible)
- Profile existing surface using “Paveset” design
- Asphalt profiling waste to stay onsite and stock piled for later use
- Cut track and remove asphalt sections that are to be redeveloped
- Peg out new layout and supply cut numbers and depths
- Dig out and shape new sections at a depth 300mm below finished height
- Build up new sections in 100mm increments using stockpiled profiling waste
- Finish off remaining aggie pipe works on new sections
- Surface water drainage works will tie in with “Paveset” track design
- Reshape infield grassed areas to enhance drainage design
- Install drainage pits
- Tunnel bore under track to lay main drainage pipes
- Lay extra conduit for future services ie. Power for extra loops
- Carry out edge reinforcement where needed ie. Turn 3
- Lay down new asphalt
- Cut in new loop/s
- Cut in under pit wall drainage channel
- Reinstall pip lane wall
- Reinstall corner curbs
- Topsoil infield
- Lay turf
- Reinstall steel barriers
- Design and install new barriers where needed ie. New turn 1 section
- Paint curbs, start finish line, grid boxes etc.
- Reinstall spectator fence but make higher ie. 6-8ft


- October 10, 2015
The Stanislaus County Sherriff's Coroner's Facility is located a multi-acre site in Modesto, CA and contained an existing 26,101 sf building was renovated in 1995 by PDA into a Postal Encoding Center for the USPS. The Post Office left the site in 2004. The building had remained empty and was only used on occasions by the county.
The existing structure of the building includes a set of three manufactured steel structures (3 bays) with a CMU addition on the south side completed prior to the 1995 renovation. The extensive renovation project used what was mostly an open building plan for the Postal Encoding Center to house all of the functions required for the Stanislaus County Sheriff's Department Corner's Facility.
To accommodate the spatial requirements of the new building systems, additional height was required within the building. The top was taken off of the middle portion of the existing structure and a new structural frame was added to extend the building up to the necessary height. This portion of the building houses the main Morgue functions of the facility. It also supports the new mechanical systems and exhaust equipment for the rooms below.
Careful attention was paid to the separation between the Public and Office portion of the building and the Morgue functions. The Coroner can utilize the provided Family Rooms in conjunction with the advanced technological systems for both viewing and training or educational purposes. This project provides a greatly needed new facility for the Stanislaus County Sheriff's Department.
- September 18, 2015
The Cruiser's in Copperoppolis, CA is another recently completed remodel project by Pacific Design Associates, Inc. What starte as an interior remodel eventually turned into a ground-up build with the existing structure being demolished down to the slab. Next, the new convenience store was constructed as well as new fuel pumping stations and other sitework.
- July 15, 2015
Working as a consultant, PDA was involved with the production of Construction Documents of a new Break Room Building for the City of Ceres Waste Water Treatment Plant. With Break Room and Locker Room facilities, the new building will provide the employees at the facility with new ammenaties that they previously didn't have. The project is out to bid and is expected to begin construction later this year.
- March 16, 2015
Pacific Design Associates, inc. has the ability and experience to address all of your concerns, explore all possible options, and provide you with the services necessary to realize the solution that meets all of your needs. Contact us today to discuss your project and start exploring the possibilities.
- February 19, 2015
The project centeres around the construction of a new multipurpose facility for sports, mass, quinceaneras, and banquets with small rooms for meetings with a full catering kitchen, sacristy, teen center and support facilities. The existing pre-school building will be relocted and new parking lots will be constructed adjacent to the new building.
- February 10, 2015
Pacific Design Associates has recently presented the design for a proposed Test Lab addition in an industrial area of Modesto, CA. The addition would house a state-of-the-art industrial testing facility and also provide much needed office sapce on the second floor. The project is currently in budget review and awaiting approval before beginning the next stage of teh process.
- January 30, 2015
Located in the same building as the Golden Valley Health Centers project in Modesto, the remodel for Valley Heart Institute was completed in early 2015. Another complete interior remodel, the completed project brings a new OSHPD-3 level clinic to teh complex.
- November 10, 2014
The construction of a new medical clinic for Golden Valley Health Centers has been recently completed near the Doctor's Medical Center in Modesto, CA. The project included combining multiple suites of an existing building into a single OSHPD-3 level clinic that would meet all of the current codes and regulation.
- January 14, 2014
This 18 bed short term care unit provides Stanislaus County's Behavioral Health Services with a mental health care services center to accommodate mentally ill patients while initial diagnoses occur. The facility is fully secure and intentionally designed to reduce harm to patients and staff.
- December 13, 2012
With exterior and landscape improvements already under, Pacific Design Associates was consulted by the general contractor to provide design services and options for potential exterior renovations of this existing building. Old earthen berms that had been built up against the exterior of eth building have been removed and the client desired to visualize potential improvements that could be done to the now-exposed exterior of the building. With our experience in a wide variety of projects, PDA was able to provide the our client with the services needed in this unique situation to ensure that the desired outcome and finished product was accomplished.
- December 12, 2012
The Ceres Finance Department Remodel project consisted of building a new Finance Department Customer Service Counter within the old City of Ceres Council Chambers Room. The final design incorporated all security provisions and accessibility accomodations to ensure a safe and pleasant transaction experience for everyone involved.
- September 13, 2012
Construction Documents have recently been completed on the City of Modesto's Customer Service Counter remodel project. The existing customer service counter area used for residents of Modesto will be remodeled to provide a safer and more efficient working environment that will allow employees of the City to provide better sevice. The project is currently out to bid.
- August 28, 2012
August 2012 brought the completion of the Raymond James Tenant Improvement project for Pacific Design Associates, Inc. and R.S. Company, the general contractor for the project. The new office space was built out on the 6th floor of an already occupied office building located at the corner of 12th and I in Downtown Modesto, CA. The project included Design Development, Contract Document preparation, Building Permit acquisition, and Construction Administration services.
- November 7, 2011
In early November, Phase 3 of the Nick W Blom Salida Regional Library was accepted as 'Complete' by the Owner. Pacific Design Associates and it's consultants provided design and construction administration services for the limited interior remodel, a new HVAC system, and the replecement of the new parking lot and landscaping.
- October 28, 2011
After the acceptance of a successful bid, work on the Stanislaus County Health Services Public Health Lab Renovation has begun. Construction is expected to to be completed in a matter of months.
- July 13, 2011
Construction was recently completed on the Costs Ballfields Renovation for the City of Ceres. Soon, local boys and girls, and their families, will be enjoying the renovated youth baseball and softball facility.
The Costa Ballfields Renovation Project included a new Concessions Building, a new Restroom Building, an expansion to the existing Storage Building, and new concrete paving and landscaping throughout the spectator's areas within the complex. A new field lighting system was also installed for the complex.
- April 6, 2011
Pacific Design Associates' latest project within the McHenry Village Shopping Center, the Phillips Lighting Tenant Improvement, completed construction this Spring. the tenant is now relocating from their current location and will be opening for business soon.
Pacific Design Associates is constantly beginning and completing new projects. Here is a quick sample of some of our work.view our complete Portfolio →
J.S. West Office Buliding
New corporate office building for the J.S. West Company in Downtown Modesto.
New Distribution Center and Offices for Piranha Produce.
Costa Ballfield Renovation
Renovation of the Costa Ballfields for the City of Ceres, including new Restrooms and Snack Bar.


Pyramid Infratech is proud to announce its much awaited affordable housing project Pyramid Fusion Affordable in Sector 70A gurgaon. After the grand success of Pyramid Urban homes sector 70a, sector 86 and sector 67a now Pyramid Infratech has come up with its new Affordable housing project Pyramid Fusion affordable Sector 70A gurgaon.
Pyramid Sector 70A will offer 1bhk ,2bhk and 3bhk high rise apartments at affordable price.
Draw results Draw Date of Pyrmaid Fusion Affordable Sector 70A will be announced by DTCP.
PYRAMID is known to be the most strong and stable shape in geometry, which has been recognised uniformly by one and all, be it the ancient civilizations of Egypt or the engineers of this ultra-modern world. Our company stands for the same strength and stability that we offer to our clients through our buildings.
Based out of Delhi, PYRAMID INFRATECH stands for delivering high quality affordable residential space. At PYRAMID INFRATECH, our motto is “Quality, Timely Delivery and Excellence”, which we follow in word and action. This has also been recognised by the government, winning us major urban housing projects under Pradhan Manti Awas Yojna.
PYRAMID INFRATECH is a successful and sustainable real estate company, and with our upcoming projects, we are looking forward to expand in future, making high quality affordable housing available in other cities as well.
Each of our residential unit is built on the foundation of good quality raw material and fair financial practices; early RERA registration have made our honesty and transparency more evident.


The lower edge of a roof that hangs beyond the exterior wall of the house to protect the walls of the house from rainwater.
The length of the fascia applied on the eaves.
The vertical, decorative board under a roof edge, often carrying the gutter.
The weatherproof material installed between roof sheathing and the finish materials to prevent water leakage.
A decorative board underneath the eaves where the soffit terminates, serving no other purpose than looks. It’s placed where the top of siding meets another substrate.
The point at which two walls form an internal angle, as in the corner of a room.
The level bottom of siding. Most vinyl contractors use starter strip and most fiber cement contractors use starter strip or first course.
The united inches, square footage, tops lengths, sills lengths and sides lengths of all windows, doors, garages and other potential openings.
The point at which two walls form an external angle, one you usually can walk around.
The incline angle of a roof surface, given as a ratio of the rise (in inches) to the run (in feet). Also called the slope.
The slanting edge of a gable roof that runs from the eave to the ridge of the roof.
The length of the fascia applied on the rakes.
The horizontal line at the junction of the top edges of two sloping roof surfaces.
The external angle formed by the meeting of two sloping sides of a roof.
The combined length of the ridges, hips, valleys, rakes, gutters and eaves of a roof.
The percentage of roof material ordered in excess of the estimated material needed for construction.
Small units of material which are laid in a series of overlapping rows to cover a roof.
Flashing that lays under the shingles in the "V" area of the roof valley.
The exterior material applied to the walls of a building, meant to protect the walls from the effects of weather and insulate.
The element forming the lower side of an opening, as a door sill or window sill.
The percentage of siding material ordered in excess of the estimated material needed for construction.
The incline angle of a roof surface, given as a ratio of the rise (in inches) to the run (in feet). Also called pitch.
Sloped frieze board
A decorative board underneath the eaves where the soffit terminates, serving no other purpose than looks.
The bottom of siding that is sloped, often a roof to wall intersection on an incline.
The underside of the portion of the roof that extends out beyond the sidewalls of the house.
Soffit square footage
Square footage of the eave soffit.
Individual pieces of sheet metal material used to flash walls, chimneys, dormers and such along the slope of a roof.
The framing around a window or door, on either the inside or outside.
Areas that are not captured in photos. HOVER provides square footage measurements for these areas but cannot determine material, trims or openings.
The "V" shaped area of a roof where two sloping roofs meet.
A corner where siding meets another substrate. Most vinyl contractors use J-channel and most fiber cement contractors use a trim board.
The percentage of material ordered in excess of the estimated material needed for construction.
Window Grouping (WG)
Window Grouping is a type of measurement depicted in the Windows chart of the PDF. Any windows of a structure that share the same trim will be labeled in the Windows chart as a Window Group (WG). They'll be labeled sequentially as WG-1, WG-2, etc.
See this video in which we explain all of the measurements that are included in the measurements PDF and how you can use these measurements.


Integrated Weighted Overlay Model Using Inverse Distance Weightage for Assessing Groundwater Quality
Groundwater management is a potential solution to the global water crisis. This study assessed the groundwater quality at Mettupalayam, Tamil Nadu, India in order to determine its suitability for drinking. Groundwater samples were collected and their physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), total dissolved solids (TDS), Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42- and Cl- were determined and benchmarked with standard drinking water requirements. The variations of these parameters were presented spatially. The groundwater is generally brackish and hard; and of low alkalinity and high salinity. Consequently, the groundwater in most parts of the study area is unsuitable for drinking without treatment. It is recommended that point and nonpoint sources of groundwater pollution at Mettupalayam should be identi ed, monitored and managed in order to protect the groundwater resource.
Key words: irrigation and drainage, population standpoints and water quality index
If you wish to have the full texts of the articles of or submit articles to the Journal of Environmental Science and Management, please contact the Managing Editor at this email address: firstname.lastname@example.org.


Playa San Miguel, Costa RicA
These identical beach cabins were built on a 1/3 acre parcel in San Miguel, Costa Rica. The cabins were designed for maximum efficiency on a reduced footprint, to preserve the natural setting. Each cabin has two floors with two bedrooms and one bath.
The walls and roof are done with masonry and reinforced concrete to withstand tropical coastal environment. Floors, doors, and trim are made of local sustainable woods. The cabins utilize Toto dual flush plumbing fixtures for water conservation.


Great pavement construction methods are a must in each and every home or outside building or even sidewalk. Not many individuals are aware of the importance of a correct pavement work that is beneficial for each and every person and animal in the world. There are some people in the world who build sidewalks or driveways without the proper necessary knowledge about pavement which is unfortunate and disadvantageous for their day to day lives. If you are a responsible individual in society who wishes to construct a driveway or pavement in either your home or building then it is very important that you must know about the correct method of pavement that is the most ideal for you and the environment and that is a permeable pavement. A permeable pavement is one that is constructed in a way the environment and your life both are benefited more than any other form of pavement. Therefore here are the three main advantages of building a permeable pavement or driveway for your home or building.
Natural drainage system reduces trouble
A permeable pavement is a pavement that is capable of naturally becoming a drainage system whenever necessary since it can keep away dirt or material from being disposed your walkway if it rains. This is a major advantage of constructing a permeable pavement for your home as it reduces a mess being made each and every time it rains. Resurfacing Melbourne is used by every modern and responsible house or building owner to prevent clogs or messy sidewalks from being made which can create an even bigger mess for you afterwards when cleaning should be done.
Rainwater is easily drained
Dirty polluted water and rainwater are contaminated with materials and germs which are very toxic and harmful for our bodies and also to the environment but with the construction of a permeable pavement not such toxic rainwater will be able to reach the grass and contaminate it because a permeable pavement is always capable of draining rainwater to produce more safer water that is suitable for the environment. Such good looking porous driveway in Melbourne can convert the toxic water that is received in to more healthy water that will not harm anyone or anything which makes contact with the water due to its drainage.
It reduces the effect of heat
Another very special and important advantage of constructing a permeable pavement is that you will be able to enjoy more comfort due to the less absorbent of heat by the pavement unlike other pavements which heavily absorb heat from the sunlight.


Both automobile overpasses constructed along the new high-speed highway connecting National touristic zone "Avaza" with the International airport of Turkmenbashi city are important objects in the sphere of transport and communication.
The new seaport will provide favorable conditions for economic development, modernization of the industrial and transport structure of Turkmenistan, creation of new jobs and will attract large investments.
Buildings and service areas of the port are provided as part of the port. Several facilities and sites are organized on the territory of the port facilities.
In order to further develop the infrastructure of the International Seaport, to improve the quality of organizational work and the types of services provided to clients, please send your suggestions or questions of interested parties on the organization.


From rock quarry to rock-star development
Big machinery scurrying about was no strange sight on the 84 acres surrounding the intersection of Brady Rd. and 192nd Avenue – after all, the area has been a rock quarry for more than 135 years. Tons and tons of rock from the view COLUMBIA PALISADES site have made their way in various forms into countless projects around the county and beyond – including huge boulders (some weighing more than 30 tons each) that are now part of the Columbia River jetty and the Grays Harbor jetty. But with a new breed of machinery working the site, to transform it from a rock quarry to a visionary mixed-use project called COLUMBIA PALISADES, which serves as the eastern gateway to Vancouver.
According to Ed Freeman, Vice President of COLUMBIA PALISADES Corp., the project features 84.2 acres of luxury view single-family residences, lots and townhomes, retail and restaurants, office space, multi-family housing, and possibly a hotel, with stunning views of the Columbia River. The project incorporates approximately 24 acres of open space and a trail that wraps around the sloped area.
Freeman said that COLUMBIA PALISADES’ ambiance will be a “lifestyle center” similar to Bridgeport Village in Tigard or the Pearl District in Portland (but with shorter buildings, limited to five or six stories).
Chad Eiken, director of community and economic development for the City of Vancouver, said that COLUMBIA PALISADES is a “new benchmark” in terms of mixed-use developments, and that it will be a “great addition to the 192nd corridor.”
Vancouver’s Planning Division states that COLUMBIA PALISADES is in conformance with the Riverview Gateway subarea plan adopted in February 2009.
Tapani Inc. performed the grading and site work, which was completed in November 2018. Freeman put the land acquisition and site work at “more than $35 million,” but added that they have saved significantly by crushing about 100,000 cubic yards of their own rock from the quarry site. Onsite utilities, streets, sidewalks and landscaping are now completed.
“The round-about keeps traffic flowing on Brady Road,” stated Don Hanson, principal at Otak Inc., who has been working on the COLUMBIA PALISADES project since its inception 12 years ago. “It’s pretty exciting to see COLUMBIA PALISADES come to fruition.”
Hanson said that it has been an “interesting project,” where the “constraints became opportunities.” Being involved in the reclamation of the site enabled Otak to do pre-grading and to oversee the quality of the slopes and compaction.
“The challenge is in the topography – there is a 180-foot elevation change from the bottom to the top of the site,” said Hanson. “That really drove a lot of the configuration of our plan.”
He added that both the City of Vancouver and the Department of Natural Resources (which oversees the mining activity) have been great partners.
“It’s an excellent example of a private-public partnership,” stated Hanson.
With the site work Completed, Freeman can turn his attention to marketing – but already a wide variety of businesses have expressed interest, including hotel, medical, dental, mixed-use retail developers, and more. He anticipates the first office building to start construction next year, as well as some residential construction.
“COLUMBIA PALISADES has challenged us to do our best work,” said Hanson.
“We’re really confident in the location – we will build it and they will come,” added Freeman.
Quarrying has a rock-solid history in Clark County
Fisher’s Quarry started operations in the early 1880s and encompassed more than 180 acres along Highway 14. Located in basalt flows which erupted from a vent located on the slope of Prune Hill, a Boring Lava cone, the quarry produced rock products for projects including the streets of Portland and coastal jetties. Smith Brothers Contracting purchased Fishers Quarry in 1943, and the Umpqua Navigation Company bought the quarry about 1967. In 1984, Umpqua split the quarry, selling the portion east of 192nd Avenue to the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) and the western portion to Peter Kiewit and Pacific Rock Products. Kiewit became the sole owner of the western portion in 1999; in 2002, Rinker Materials purchased that portion (Rinker was later acquired by CEMEX).
COLUMBIA PALISADES Corp., an affiliate of Weston Investment Co. LLC, acquired the eastern quarry from WSDOT around 2002, and CEMEX continued to mine it for the next nine years, after which began the reclamation of the site to prepare it for the transformation from an active quarry to an unparalleled view site known as COLUMBIA PALISADES that will welcome people each day to the eastern edge of Vancouver City.


However, the underlying concept remains basically the same in each particular case. Variation of the external load work 23 1. The variational method is particularly well suited to modelling this kind of problem, because it brings out in a logical manner the central importance of nonlinear strains, even if the interest is restricted to the formulation of linear equations. Local and global strains 313 6. Plate loaded by a concentrated in-plane force: spatial attenuation of the local response. Fortunately, such approximations are found to be sufficiently accurate in most engineering applications. Waves in an infinite elastic rod of circular cross-section 53 1.
Plates: out-of-plane motion 311 6. Stresses and convergence rate of modal series. Such a theoretical approach closely follows the common engineering practice of selecting a few appropriate generic shapes to build complex structures. He is the author of more than 50 papers on vibrations, damping and associated subjects and has been involved in numerous international conferences and meetings. The study of fluid-structure interactions in this third volume covers the coupled dynamics of solids and fluids, restricted to the case of oscillatory motions about a state of static equilibrium. Equilibrium in terms of generalized stresses.
This can be checked by rotating a straight segment of length L through a finite angle θ , see Figure 1. As a general result, it will be noted that high order modes are found to be rather insensitive to boundary conditions; this indicates that the ratio of the elastic strain energy of the whole beam over that induced by the elastic supports increases with the wave number of the mode. . They may be considered as the simplest structural element because of the relative simplicity of the equilibrium equations arising from a suitable condensation of the space variables into a single one, namely the abscissa along the beam length. Pure bending mode of deformation 99 2. As a consequence, when waves are triggered in the medium by some excitation process, as the incident waves are interfering with the reflected waves, a steady oscillatory state is established, giving rise to a system of standing waves.
Variation of the kinetic energy. The two principal curvatures have opposite signs and this kind of deformation is termed anticlastic see Figure 6. Before embarking on the presentation of such models, which is the central object of this book, it is appropriate to review first a few fundamental concepts, definitions and laws of continuum mechanics. In particular, an important exception is encountered in the case of thin shells of revolution loaded by concentrated forces. Standing waves and natural modes of vibration.
Finally, the substructuring method using truncated modal bases for describing each substruc- ture is introduced and illustrated by solving a few linear and nonlinear problems involving intermittent contacts. Local stress vector on the beam cross-section Figure 2. Thus the curvature effect inherent in the shell geometry is entirely accounted for by the third equation which links the transverse and the membrane effects. Amongst others, enlightening results concerning the Saint-Venant principle invoked in Chapter 1, are obtained by using the modal analysis method to the response of a rectangular plate to an in-plane point load. The time taken by a wave of a given frequency f to sweep this distance is the same whatever α may be.
The simplest way to prove this important result is to consider the static equilibrium of a rigid body loaded by contact forces only body forces could be included but are not necessary. In terms of phase angle, τ x is replaced by the phase shift between the oscillations located at the source and at a distance x from the source. Variation of the external load work. Elastic-plastic beam A cantilevered beam with a uniform rectangular cross-section is considered depth h, width a. Boundary terms arising from the spatial integrals contribute to define the boundary conditions of the problem.
As indicated in Figure 1. It must be emphasized that the curvature of the sector induces a coupling between the radial and tangential stresses; this is a very important feature which holds for any curved structures beams, plates, shells as will be stressed several times in Chapters 7 and 8. Local formulation The solution of the static problem is immediate. Nevertheless, in the presence of transverse shear stresses, the validity of such models must be revisited, based on Straight beam models: Newtonian approach 117 the distribution of the local shear stresses which are induced by the deformations of the real 3D structure. However, convergence rate of stress or strain series is significantly slower than that of the displacement series because they are obtained through a space derivation of the latter. It can be arbitrarily decided that the cross-sectional surface S separating the two portions belongs to one of them, forming thus a facet of that portion, see Figure 1.
Finally surface and concentrated loads applied on lines or points on the midplane will be included in the analysis. Stresses and convergence rate of modal series. When the wavelength is sufficiently 194 Structural elements small, contribution of shear deformation and rotatory inertia of the beam crosssections must be accounted for. The plane waves correspond to a single index differing from zero. Superposition of several modes of deformation 128 Chapter 3. Generic properties of conservative operators. Solution of a few problems concerning xxii Introduction circular arches or rings and then shells of revolution, brings out that transverse loads cannot be exactly balanced by tensile or compressive stresses in the case of beams but they can in the case of shells.


- About Us
Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority (FKAA)
The FKAA is the water service provider for the Florida Keys, supplying potable water to all residents while providing reclaimed water and wastewater services in select areas.
Our team of talented professionals work 24 hours a day, every day, to deliver safe, reliable, refreshing water for the residents and visitors to the Florida Keys in the most cost-effective manner. Our dedication to our customers is reflected in our extensive water quality protection program, our water supply planning, our commitment to conserving our precious natural resources and our superior customer service.
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The FKAA Water, Wastewater, and Reclaimed water rules and regulations.


When it’s time to get your site ready for construction, choose the team with a track record for success; choose Royer Developments 2015, Alberta. Whether large or small we can help you get your site ready for building with our comprehensive services including grading, excavation, site preparation, remediation, and much more. We only use modern, up-to-date equipment to achieve the best possible results. All of our staff are experienced and fully trained to perform efficiently and safely on your site. So if you’re getting ready to start building talk to the team at Royer Developments 2015 today and let’s get started on building something great together. For information give us a call or submit a query using our convenient eform.


AlKifah Ready-Mix & Blocks (KRB), a leading Saudi Arabian readymix and blocks provider, recently hosted a presentation on its green products, highlighting how its innovative technologies and commitment to research and development are helping to lead the way towards making concrete a more sustainable material.
The presentation, which was attended by top engineers from some of the leading Saudi authorities and companies, underlined KRB’s role as a pioneer in the manufacture of environment-friendly concrete. The audience included senior officials from the Ministry of Energy, Aramco, and Saudi Standards Metrology and Quality Organization (SASO). The event was held in late July at the company’s state of the art R&D center in Al Ahsa.
Ahmad Taha, KRB’s Head of Technical and R&D Division who conducted the presentation, began by discussing the importance of sustainability in the construction industry. He pointed out that cement, a key ingredient in concrete, is responsible for around seven per cent of the world’s CO2 emissions. This makes the construction industry one of the largest contributors to climate change.
“The challenge facing the construction industry is to transform itself from being carbon positive to being carbon neutral,” he said.
To reduce the carbon footprint of concrete production, cement must be replaced with pozzolans, alternative fuels should be used, and CO2 utilization technologies (CUTS) must be adopted in concrete mixing and curing, Taha pointed out.
KRB’s green concrete solution, ConGreen, is made with local raw materials incorporating carbon dioxide in the mixing process, utilizing CarbonCure technology, and natural pozzolans to reduce cement content.
“CarbonCure is produced using technologies licensed from the Canadian company CarbonCure Technologies. The technology involves injecting carbon dioxide into readymix where it converts to a mineral (limestone), improving compressive strength. This allows optimizing mix designs, safely reducing cement content by up to five per cent and lowering the carbon footprint of concrete without impacting its quality or performance,” he explained.
The carbon dioxide is captured and distributed by industrial gas suppliers to concrete plants, where it is stored in pressurised tanks. The CarbonCure proprietary equipment, installed in existing concrete plants, injects the precise dosage of CO2 into the mix, where it mineralises.
Using this technology some 15 to 20 kg of CO2 emissions per cu m are reduced – from the CO2 that is mineralised and emissions avoided through reducing cement content.
KRB has conducted field tests to check the compressive strength (ASTM C39), concrete slump (ASTM C143), air content (ASTM C231) and durability of concrete using optimised mixes. As per the result, these optimised mixes had same or better strength compared to standard mixes and there was no significant impact on concrete slump, air content and durability, Taha stated.
KRB also pointed out that it’s the first readymix producer in Saudi Arabia to introduce portable volumetric batch plants, in conjunction with Aramco, to efficiently supply fresh concrete to clients in remote sites.
In line with its focus on sustainability, the company produces two types of natural pozzolan materials that comply with ASTM C618 Class N – Kifacrete-N and Kifacrete-S.
“Pozzolan can reduce the cement content by up to 30 per cent and replace other cementitious materials available in the market, such as fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS),” he said.
Taha concluded his presentation by highlighting KRB’s commitment to sustainability. He said KRB is the only supplier of concrete with a verified carbon credit policy in Saudi Arabia, and is focused on reducing its carbon emissions and supporting the development of a more sustainable construction industry.
Major Readymix Provider
KRB has come a long way since its humble beginnings as a single block factory in 1977. Today, the company is the second largest readymix and blocks provider in Saudi Arabia, with more than 27 branches, dedicated site plants, and a workforce of over 1,000.
KRB’s vertically integrated production set-up gives it a competitive edge. The company has its own aggregate crushers, admixture production, and logistics facilities. This allows it to control the quality of its products and deliver them on time and on budget.
KRB’s commitment to sustainability has seen it introduce ConGreen, which has a very low carbon footprint. It also utilises its own aggregate from its crushers in Somman and Hail, which reduces the environmental impact of its operations.
The company, which has a production capacity of 2 million cu m of readymix concrete, has more than 40 batching plants and over 400-strong movable fleet. It also operates the largest state-of-the-art R&D centre in Al Ahsa.
KRB provides different types of concrete as per client requirements and specifications, the construction methodology and area of application. These include normal strength, reinforced, prestressed, lightweight, high-strength, high-performance, self-compacting and stamped concrete.
In addition to readymix concrete, KRB also produces more than 150,000 blocks per day at two automated block factories in Hasa and Hail, and a manual block factory in Dammam. The variety of blocks it offers comprises insulated, cement, curbstone, interlock, and Hordi blocks. The company’s product mix also includes Blogreen, a new generation of green blocks with a low CO2 footprint.
KRB is a member of Kifah Construction Solutions, which also includes Kifah Contracting, KiCE Construction Equipment, AlKifah Precast Company (KPC), and KILO, which offers logistic solutions.


Goss Opera House, Watertown, SD
Renovation of the 1888 Goss Opera House, this Design & Build project consists of the total design of the Heating & Cooling system, in the 42,000 sq/ft facility. Redlinger Bros. in conjunction with Baete-Forseth and G & R Controls have installed a state-of-the-art heating and cooling system for the Goss which open its door while we we’re still “the Dakota Territories”. The radiation and VAV system will allow the Goss to control the facility on a usage basis to minimize their utility costs. Estimated completion of the renovation is June of 2020.
Heston Hall, Dakota State University, Madison, SD
Renovation of the heating system in the 18,000 sq/ft administration office at Dakota State University. This Bid & Spec. project with the State of South Dakota consists of the total removal of the existing Heating system and installing a new hybrid “Bulldog” Heating & Cooling system, which allows the individual offices to have Heating OR Cooling year-round. Estimated completion is October of 2020.
Boiler Replacement, Sioux Falls Convention Center, Sioux Falls, SD
Removal of the existing boilers and installation of new boilers. This Bid & Spec. project with the City of Sioux Falls consists of the total removal of the existing boilers system and installing two new Thermal Solutions “Artic” 6,000,000 btu boilers. Because of the limited space and access Redlinger Bros. will travel to the factory to assist in the disassembling of the new boilers prior to shipping. The new, disassembled boilers will be craned to the penthouse for final re-assembly and final connections. Estimated completion in Summer of 2020.
National Music Museum Renovation and Addition, Vermillion SD
USD is home to the National Music Music which is undergoing a large addition and major renovation to the existing building. The addition includes a three level, 16,000 square foot area to the west. There will be approximately 4,600 square feet of added exhibit space for the spectacular collection of musical history displayed. Redlinger Bros. is providing new domestic plumbing, RO water system, hydronic chilled and heating system. Completion is scheduled for Spring of 2021. Journey Construction is the general contractor overseeing the project.
Dakota Bodies Expansion- Watertown, South Dakota
The new expansion for Dakota Bodies will consist of 40,000 square feet of new production floor area, new break rooms and employee restrooms. With construction starting in the fall of 2017, the project is scheduled to finish in May of 2018. Dakota Bodies has been building quality utility and service truck bodies in Watertown since 1997. Over the years Dakota Bodies has grown to a 145,000 square foot facility with over 250 employees, making it one of the largest employers in Watertown. Redlinger Bros. will be working under Hasslen Construction out of Ortonville, Minnesota.
Prairie Lakes Healthcare MOB Addition and ED Remodel- Watertown, South Dakota
The project includes construction of a medical office building addition and ED remodel at the existing facility. The 80,000 sq ft. project consists of a two-story medical office building, tunnel connection to the existing facility, replace of the ambulance garage, and entrance renovations. New systems include medical gas, medical vacuum, medical air, oxygen, natural gas, domestic plumbing, hydronic heating and cooling. Construction started in the fall of 2016 and is scheduled for completion winter of 2017. Redlinger Bros is working with McGough Construction. It is Redlinger Bros. second largest project to date.


Since its foundation 1972 the architectural practice THOMAS HERZOG ARCHITEKTEN has been committing itself to a development and cultivation of the modern age. The task is to exercise social responsibility and to participate actively in the scientific and technological progress as well as to integrate aspects relevant for the environment in multiple ways – specially the possibilities of solar energy.
New concepts are developed in interaction with research institutions and departments from universities, e.g. the ‘Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft’ (Fraunhofer Association), the Technische Universität München (TUM), ‘Centre for applied Energy Research of Bavaria’ (Zentrum für angewandte Energieforschung Bayern e.V.). Urban planning pilot projects, pioneering buildings, prototypes of building systems and components are created as a result of these knowledge-based design task. The realisation is usually carried out with local partners.
All of this is always carried out with a special demand on aesthetic quality. The form is not predetermined, but is created depending on the task as a result of the design process as the case may be. It is called ‘performance form’.
Consequently this characterises the working method of the architectural practice. The problem definition and the specific marginal conditions are examined and interpreted systematically.
Different alternatives of several solutions are found on the basis of the basic philosophy of the architectural practice and they are documented with comments.
In the case of building projects the local climate data is recorded besides the usual investigations as to, among others, access and positioning of the building.
A dominant interest and scope of the work of the practice is to develop a composition, which includes both, building structures as well as the surrounding landscape and public spaces, to reach a maximum of overall harmony of the architectural design.
Using computer simulations the effects to the form of the buildings, the positioning, the possibility of making use of solar energy for heating purposes, cooling, ventilation and power generation to ensure comfort, are investigated. The solutions are found gradually in workshops together with the engineers.
The client is a part of this process.
Decisions remain transparent.
Prof. Thomas Herzog


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This school was badly impacted by a range of building dilapidation issues including weather-tightness and other general age related deterioration. Much of the supporting services infrastructure (electrical; drainage; storm water; heating etc.) is also failing.
Garry Boon of PCG Solutions was engaged by the MOE’s Central Region Property Office in late 2010 to carry out a ‘due diligence’ review of the many different reports on various building (and services) failures that had been commissioned by the school BOT and MOE officials over preceding years.
Following Garry’s report, the Ministry of Education approved funding of $13.9 million for redevelopment of the school to address its crucial issues.
Garry was been appointed by the MOE as the Project Director for this project.
PCG Solutions key deliverables for the project included;
- Recommending an appropriate project governance model and establishing an effective Project Control Group.
- Engaging the services of an independent Cost Engineer to review project budgets; develop cost plan and monitor financial performance through the project.
- Development of an outline Project Plan and establishment of project monitoring and reporting frameworks.
- Working with MOE officials to recommend model for procurement of design and construction services for the project. The model implemented was a 2 phase Design / Build / GMP contract in which the Architect and other professional design consultants were engaged by the GMP Contractor. Phase 1 took the project through to preliminary design and development of the GMP. In phase 2 the detailed design was developed and construction work completed.
- Managing the ROI and RFP processes for procurement of design and construction services.
- Facilitation of PCG and design meetings.
- Managing relationships with project stakeholder including the BOT, MOE New Buildings office; MOE Regional Property office; School Principal; Design consultants; construction tenderers and the head contractor.
After several years and a couple of ‘false starts’ the school Principal and Board of Trustees are extremely relieved that this project is finally nearing completion and they have openly expressed their view that Garry Boon’s ability to work collaboratively with the wide range of stakeholders in often sensitive situations has contributed significantly to bringing the project to its successful conclusion.
Construction logistics for this project were immensely complex. The school has almost 1000 students, and more than 60% of the existing teaching spaces are being demolished. There is much stress from the schools perspective and one of the key challenges on the project was maintaining positive and collaborative working relationships between all the stakeholder parties. Considering the amount of ‘upheaval’ occurring during construction, the parties worked extremely collaboratively and everyone involved is excited about this outstanding and comprehensive transformation of the school.
Construction of phase 1 (Technology Campus) was completed for occupation by the school at the start of term 1 2013. Phase 2 (Student Centre plus half of the main new teaching block) was completed and occupied by the school in the final term of 2013, and the final stage (horticulture area and Wharenui) was handed over to the school in February 2014.


Marc Deshusses, Professor
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
127C Hudson Hall
Durham, North Carolina 27708-0287
Office: (919) 660-5480
Fax: (919) 660-5219
Maps & Directions
Note that when you zoom on the map below, Hudson Hall is also labeled Center for Materials Genomics. My office is 127C: go straight when you enter Hudson trough the main door (shown in the picture top right), my office is the last one on the left.


Dilip Buildcon, Ltd. is an India-based company, which provides pre-construction and construction solutions. The Company offers construction services, bridges construction services, commercial construction services, civil construction services and weight bridge construction services.
Update as on 22 Aug 2016
Dilip Buildcon bagged a Rs. 2,016 Cr project from the National Highway Authority of India (NHAI) for a four-lane highway between Lucknow and Sultanpur under the National Highways Development Project (NHDP).
Latest updates hereafter will be posted about this stock in the comments section. So, do not forget to check the comments below and do remember to use our sure stock tip to start making money like professional traders.


Durango Carvon Mixed Use
Carvon Development Proposal, Durango Mall HWY 550/160, Durango, Colorado
Niccolo Casewit: Principal, Development Architect/ Master Planner Environmental Productions, LLC with Bechtholt Engineering (Civil)
Since 1998 Niccolo Casewit has worked closely with the Richard Carleno and the Von Feldt families of Durango to realize a conceptual master plan for the 70-acre site located along the Animas River two miles south of Durango's historic main street. As with most resort communities, housing, recreation, and multi-modal transportation are priorities for Durango inhabitants and visitors. The development calls for housing, mixed-use retail, commercial offices, and even some light industrial to be integrated with a new outdoor style pedestrian mall. In 1999 and 2003 I presented land use proposals, conceptual plans, and subdivision plans to the City. We recently finalized road options, bicycle paths, and pedestrian bridges with the Durango Planning, Engineering, and Recreation Departments. With CDOT, GOCO, and Trails 2000, we facilitated the creation of a 1 mile-long bike trail and conservation easement along the old railway bed following the Animas River.
PHOTOS: Click on the thumbnail below to enlarge.
Owner/Developer: Richard Carleno, Carvon Development L.L.C.
Planning: Niccolo W. Casewit A.I.A.
Civil Engineering: Bechtholt Engineering, Durango
Project Team: Niccolo W. Casewit, A.I.A. Kenny LaGreca P.E., Arch. Tam Vo, Jeff Rodd EIT
Remarks: Mixed Use Urban Infill
Owners: Richard Carleno, Owner Representative, Carvon Developmen tHerb VonFeldt, Principal
Project Statistics: 70 Acre Site, 300 housing units, 150 Room Hotel, and 300,000 GSF Commercial Retail.


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[The Alta Californian Says]The Illustrated London News, vol. 47, no. 1342, p. 455.
November 11, 1865
The Alta Californian says the preparations for the commencement of the United States Pacific Telegraph Company's line are completed, and in a few days a large force will commence operations. The new line will have a double wire upon a single set of poles from San Francisco to Fort Kearney, at which point the wires will diverge, one running to St. Louis and the other to Chicago. The total length of the line will be 3270 miles, including both the St. Louis and Chicago branches, and 6040 miles of wire will be required in its construction.


Press Release of 12th PDWP held on 09th January, 2020
The Provincial Development Working Party (PDWP) held its meeting under the Chairmanship of Mr. Shakeel Qadir Khan, the Additional Chief Secretary P&D Department Khyber Pakhtunkhwa on 9th January, 2020. The meeting was attended by members of PDWP and concerned departments. The forum considered 37 projects pertaining to different sectors including Multi-sectoral Development, Elementary & Secondary Education, Sports & Tourism, Roads & Bridges, Drinking Water Supply & Sanitation, Urban Development, Social Welfare, Information, labour, & Relief & Rehabilitation sectors for the uplift of the province. The forum approved 32 Projects with an estimated cost of Rs. 20264.806 million. 5 projects were deferred and were returned to their respective departments for rectification.
Approved project of Multi-Sectoral Development sector were:
- Provision for Contractors Decretal accrued Liabilities, Land Compensation and Uncashed Cheques:
- M/S Gogdara Swat Construction CO. Vs Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Court Decretal Amount).
- “Rehabilitation/Major Repair of Government Degree College Bakhshali, Mardan (Civil Suit/2015 titled “Alam Sher VS SDO Circle, C&W Mardan & Others”.
- Clearance of Contractors’ liabilities, Compensation / Arbitration Awards, Court decretal amounts and escalation in FATA. SH: “Construction/reconstruction of Existing Building Projects Japanese Grant for FATA I/C GPS Rustam Killi”.
- Least developed districts uplift programme (Kolai Palas, Battagram, Tank, Kohistan Upper, Shangla, Buner, Chitral (Upper & Lower) and Hangu.
- Malakand Area Development Programme.
- Peshawar Uplift Programme (Phase-II).
Approved project of Elementary & Secondary Education sector were:
- Upgradation of Educational Institutions to High School and Higher Secondary Schools in District Kurram .
- Upgradation of 6 M.S to High Status & Upgradation of 3 P.S to Middle Status in District South Waziristan (Umbrella).
- Establishment of 19 Primary Level Education Facilities in District South Waziristan. (Umbrella)
- Re-opening of Functional Community Schools in FR Tank.2018-19 (Rev).
Approved projects of Sports & Tourism sector were:
- Holding of Important Tourism Festivals in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
- Standardization and Up-gradation of Sports Complexes at DI Khan, Bannu,Haripur and Mardan (Total Cost Rs. 700 Mn -Phase-I Cost Rs. 300 Mn).SH: Standardization and upgradation of Sport Complex at Mardan
Approved projects of Water sector were:
- Construction of FPW in UC Malik Pura, Nawasher, Shiekh ul Bandi, Cantt area of District Abbottabad.
- Operation & Maintenance of 13 Nos completed Dams in FATA (Rev).
Approved projects of Roads & Bridges sector were:
- Construction, Rehabilitation, Improvement and BT of internal road of PK-29, Battagram.
- Construction of C&W roads in Tehsil Kohat, Gumbat and Lachi District Kohat.
- Construction of roads at UCs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, DD-1, DD-2, Shorkot, Ratta Kulachi, Dewali District D.I Khan.
- Construction of BT road from Balakot on Malam Jabba-Manglawar road to Shangla Top (6km).
- Widening /Improvement / Rehabilitation of road from Beer to Kalangir onHaripur – Chappar Road Section of Provincial Highway S-12 (17 Km)
- Upgradation & Rehabilitation of Lawrencepur-Tarbela Road.
- Const: road Kacha a)Planr Basi Khel b)Seri Kandao-Gigiani Basi Khel,c)Mori Basi Khel,d)Shatal-Karizan Saidan,e)Pakbund-Mori Nusrat Khel,f)Cherah Basi Khel,g)Mera Mada Khel-Qabristan,h) Guizerpaty-TT Madakhel,i)Shahbat Madrasa,Mera Mada Khel,Torghar.
- Construction/ BT/Rehabilitation/ widening of sultan khel darra roads, chapper dara roads, karro dara roads (L/R) bandai serai arrimanzai road, galkorr karbadai via shalgah road and construction of RCC bridge at village sadiq abad wari Dir Upper.
- Construction of Bridges in All FRs, FATA.
- Construction, & Rehabilitation of existing Blacktop roads in Upper District Kurram.
- Construction of Black Topped Roads in Tribal District Kurram.
- Strengthening of East-West Connectivity of Merged Areas with settled Districts & Important links. SH: Feasibility Study of Barang Tunnel, District Bajaur”.
- Strengthening of East-West Connectivity of Merged Areas with settled Districts & Important links. SH: “District Kurram”.
- Strengthening of East-West Connectivity of Merged Areas with settled Districts & Important links. SH: (Farm to Market Roads District North Waziristan).
- Construction of Black Topped Road from Saidgi Village to Dewgar Saidgi Tehsil Ghulam Khan (11 Km).
- Construction of Black Topped Road from Dossali Garyam Road to Village Dossali, Tehsil Dossali (5 KM).
- Construction of Black Topped Road from Isha Razmak Road to Lakkay Asad Khel Vilalge, Phase-II Tehsil Dossali Sub-Division Razman (4 KM).
- Construction of Hakim Khel to Broomi Khel Road Tehsil Mirali (3 Km).
Approved projects of Drinking Water Supply & Sanitation sector were:
- Construction of 9 Nos Tube well based DWSS in SWA. (Revised) (3rd Rev).
- Construction of Water Supply and Sanitation Schemes in UCs Bakot, Namal, Pattan, Dalola, Boi, Lora, Nagar Tajwal, Berot, Kukmang, Tarnawi, Palak, Phala, Gornai, Nagri Totyal, Seer Sharqi, Seer Gharbi, Banda Pir Khan District Abbottabad.
Approved projects of Urban Development sector were:
- Peshawar Uplift Programme:
SH-i: Improvement/Rehabilitation of Main Nasir Bagh Road Peshawar.
SH:ii Construction Retaining Wall & Road along Nari Khwar at Taj Abad Peshawar.
SH:iii Rehabilitation/Repair work at Khushal Bagh Peshawar City.
Approved project of Social Welfare sector was:
- Augmentation, Renovation and Provision of Missing facilities in the Special Education Complex at Hayatabad, Peshawar.
Approved project of Relief & Rehabilitation sector was:
- Disaster Mitigation, Preparedness and Rehabilitation in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
SH: Reconstruction & Rehabilitation of GLOP Damages in Golain Chitral”.
The Provincial Development Working Party (PDWP) also decided that henceforth PDWP meeting will be held on every Thursday.


Reputed as the Bridge Capital of China, Chongqing presents various bridge scenes. Huangjuewan Overpass, known as the world’s most complex one, gives you visual enjoyment with its seven layers of lanes. Driving along the 360-degree Sujiaba Flyover will provide you with the feeling of riding a roller coaster. Besides, E’gongyan Bridge and Rail Bridge will present you with the most authentic Chongqing cityscape. Actually, in Jiangbei District, there’s a place that has five bridges in sight, among which there are both century-old bridges and railway bridges that have witnessed the city’s development. Where is this place? It is located in Cuntan Old Street at the mouth of the Shuangxi River. Looking down along the river, you can spot five bridges spanning it.
The first bridge is the Cuntan Zhishan Bridge
Tracing back to 1847, this century-old stone bridge is very peculiar in its shape. Its east bridgehead curves outwards and its west bridgehead curves inwards. The curves from both sides stretch to the bridge opening, forming east-west echoing “pair curves.” Now Cuntan Zhishan Bridge is a key cultural relic protection unit in Jiangbei District, and both ends of the bridge are sealed by stone slabs to prevent pedestrians from passing through.
The second bridge is Cuntan Old Road Bridge
This bridge is called “Cuntan Leader Bridge.” Standing on the bridge, you can easily notice that it was a highway bridge of the former Laowutang Road. The bridge has been closed to traffic due to its poor quality.
The third bridge is the Cuntan Yangtze River Bridge on the existing Haier Road
Built in 2004, this bridge is in a location on the road connecting Wulidian and Tangjiatuo.
The fourth bridge is the overpass stretching from Cuntan Station of CRT Line 4 to Baoshuigang Station.
The fifth bridge is not conspicuous, but can you guess where it is? It is the section from Paomaping interchange to Baiyanggou interchange of the Shanghai-Chongqing Expressway Bridge. This unique landscape not only features “five bridges in one place,” but also the excellent presentation of ancient and modern bridges and the contribution of the working people in different periods in bridge construction.
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A train of length 255m is running at a speed of 51m/s. How long will it take to cross a pole standing alongside the track?
A train of length 656m is running at a speed of 82m/s. How long will it take to cross a pole standing alongside the track?
Two trains are moving in same direction on two parallel tracks. How many seconds will they take to cross each other if the sum of their lengths is 336m, and the difference of their speeds is 48m/s?
The total distance is equal to the sum of the lengths of the trains, so s = 336. This distance has to be covered at a net relative speed equal to the difference of the speeds of the two trains, so v = 48. The time will be distance/speed = $336/48$ = 7s.
A train of length 190 m crosses a bridge at a speed of 45 km/h in 21 seconds. What is the length of the bridge?
In 21 seconds the train covers a distance of 21 × 45 × (18/5) = 3402 meters. This distance is the sum of the lengths of the train and the bridge. Subtracting the length of the train we get the length of the bridge = 3402 - 190 = 3212 meters.
A train speeding at 90 km/h crosses the platform in 60seconds, but it takes 5 seconds to cross a man standing on the same platform. What is the length of the train?
The speed of the train in m/s is 90 × (5/18) = 25 m/s. The length of the train can be obtained from the time it takes to cross the man = $25 × 5$ = 125meters. The combined length of the train and platform can be obtained from the time it takes to cross the platform, = $25 × 60 = 1500$ meters. Subtracting, we get the length of the train = 1375 m.
This Blog Post/Article "Problems on Trains Quiz Set 012" by Parveen (Hoven) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Updated on 2017-04-07.


Japan has plans to build a wall which will freeze the soil under the Fukushima plant to slow down the radioactive water buildup. The Tokyo Electric Power Co (TEPCO) will begin constructing the structure this month.
The project, which is being funded by the government, will use pipes in the soil to circulate refrigerant. They will ultimately build a 0.9 mile wall to slow the influx of water flowing from underneath the plant, where it mixes with the polluted water used to cool reactors.
"We had some concerns, including the possibility that part of the ground could sink," an anonymous official told PhysOrg. "But there were no major objections to the project during the meeting, and we concluded that TEPCO can go ahead with at least part of the project as proposed after going through further necessary procedures."
A similar procedure has been used before during the construction of tunnels near watercourses, but nothing of the size or time frame TEPCO has proposed.


The Office of Campus Planning, Design, and Construction (CPDC) manages the space programming, planning, design, preparation of construction and contract documents, and construction administration for the major maintenance, alterations, and new construction for all University facilities and building systems. The office is also responsible for the Capital Project Planning process, the Capital Projects Fund, and liaison with governmental and land development agencies.
Maps and Road Closures
On occasion, construction/maintenance projects may impact vehicle and pedestrian traffic across campus. Keep informed with up-to-date road and parking closures as well as alternate route information.
Facility Study Request
Campus Planning, Design and Construction is Syracuse University’s facility advising, design and management team. To work with us on any facility planning, improvement or alteration project, regardless of size or complexity, please submit a study request and simply fill in a brief project description. If you are requesting a renovation to a laboratory space, in addition to your facility study request please complete a Laboratory Planning Questionnaire.
Campus Art in Public Spaces (CAPS) Request
Please submit an Installation Proposal Form to the Campus Art in Public Spaces Committee to request the installation of public art on Campus.
Policies & Procedures
Tools and information on CPDC and Syracuse University’s guidelines for bidding, purchasing, sustainable design, finishes/furnishings, and more.
1320 Jamesville Ave
Syracuse, NY 13244


On the way to Agra to see the Taj Mahal and the Agra Fort I was not expecting to see straw huts on farmland. It was also interesting to see that there were so many abandoned construction sites. There were several tall buildings with cranes next to them, but they didn’t seem to be working on them anymore. It just looked like they started but never finished and left the project as is.
The main structures of the Taj Mahal are large domes on the top. It is interesting to compare those to the dome shaped roofs on the grass huts that we saw.
The arches on each side of the Taj Mahal had an inlaid stone script.
More patterns and calligraphy were engraved and into the sides of the buildings within the Agra Fort.


‘Demand planning’ for travel refers to the use of advanced methods to estimate or forecast the transportation usage of a specific transport facility at a destination. The main objective of using this model of traffic forecast is to put in place a relevant transportation policy and plan development programs for the infrastructure of the area. The conventional method of forecasting travel and transportation has been a four-step model that— first determines the number of trips in a zone called trip generation; followed by trip distribution so that originating points and destinations can be matched; analysis of the mode choice that pertains to use of a particular mode; and finally, route assignment that connects all the three above.
Also Read: How To Run A Successful Travel Business
Travel Demand Planning Tips:
Dividing the area into zones
This step is called ‘zoning’, focused on dividing said geographical region into small-sized zones with a unique number assigned to each zone. The number of zones shouldn’t exceed 1000 for the zone analysis.
Drawing up of the transit route
The next step is to draw a network of transit routes on the zone map. The points where the routes intersect are called ‘nodes’ where each node is defined by a unique numerical value. The routes are then defined by the starting node number and the ending node number.
Trip generation estimation
Next, transportation engineers calculate the trip generation. This is based on a two-model system – one, the trip production where trips are calculated to and from the zone for home-based trips; second, attraction trip-based model that calculates the trips to and from the zone for non-home-based trips. Multiple regression analysis techniques are used for the calculation of trips in the attraction model. Trend analysis of the past traffic trends is done to evaluate future travel prospects. Future growth of transportation facilities is also considered while estimating trends.
Distribution of trips
Using Newton’s Law of Gravity, the trip distribution model is developed. Peak period travel times are used as a measure. Travel-related costs like— parking, the operational cost of running vehicles, and toll charges are used for estimating the effects of trip distribution on costs.
Also Read: How To Successfully Sell Through Akbartravel?
The use of the Logit Model is also done for a better understanding of trips in and out of destination zones. The Logit Model is based on the assumption that a said mode of transportation will be chosen for a particular trip depending on the costs of other modes and the comparative service levels. The cost of travel and the time taken to travel is then aggregated in a way to determine the cost of time that forms the basis of preparing the mode choice travel for different economic sections of the society.
Estimating and assignment of trips
While the trip distribution and the choice of the model are entirely based on mathematical calculations, the trip assignment is done through an algorithm-based model. It is prepared based on time taken for traffic movement along each route. The ‘All-Or-Nothing’ model assigns the trip to routes that require minimal travel time.
Though it is not used to a great extent these days except for determining travel desire corridors, it is the capacity restrained model that is used for assigning trips in the modern-day. This model assigns a part of the trip to a network while there is another complementary method that assigns all trips to all zone pairs Then the travel times are recalculated to determine the maximum speed using speed-volume functions.
Also Read: Benefits Of Starting Offline To Online Business In The Travel Space
Calibrating and validating the model
Calibration is all about the development of a travel model. This makes use of a model equation by estimating the coefficients and constants of dependent and independent variables. All this is done by using statistical advanced software programs.
Travel demand forecasting is one of the most important tools used for making plans and policies on transportation. The transport departments of cities and states are dependent on these estimates to decide, design and implement transportation policies and programs.
Apply Loan For Travel Agency
At Indifi, we understand that the needs of every business are different. As a result, we offer custom loan solutions for all types of businesses we serve. As a travel agency owner, you might need funds to offer online booking facility, pay your employees, manage bulk bookings, offer credit to your corporate clients, or just working capital – we can help you get the best loan with the most flexible loan terms and repayment schedule. This lets you grow your business just the way you want it to.


Purlin-roof-detail, in architecture or structural engineering or building, a purlin (or purline) is a horizontal structural member in a roof. purlins support the loads from the roof deck or sheathing and are supported by the principal rafters and/or the building walls, steel beams etc.. 15 and 22.5 degrees ; with rafter spacing of . roof pitch between ; 22.5 and 30 degrees . with rafter spacing of . roof pitch between . 30 and 45 degrees, metal roof purlins are installed horizontally under metal roofs. they are installed on top of the roof rafters with a felt underlayment or vapor barrier installed on top. purlins are 2 by 4 feet and are installed much like metal roofing..
Roof systems limtied showroom corner of carlos & wrightson road, woodbrook, port of spain, trinidad and tobago. ph: 1.868.2859164 fax: 1.868.645.8785, c section purlins or cee section purlins are designed to form the walls and floor joists of a building shell structure, making them also ideal for supporting beams needed for mezzanine flooring.. Voestalpine metsec are the uk’s largest designer & manufacturer of light gauge galvanised steel purlins, side rails and mezzanine floor systems. our purlin products are cost effective, lightweight, high quality & ce marked. take a look at our purlin construction details:, are you looking to build a new shed, but are confused by the different options out there? in this article we compare purlins vs. structural steel sheds and help you choose the right one for your needs..
1 introduction this detailing and installation guide is complementary to the stramit® purlins, girts & bridging – product technical manual (incorporating design capacity tables). the guide contains details on all stramit® purlins, girts, bridging and relevant accessories., 2 the right tools. this standard details manual, aka the blue book, is the right tool to have at your fingertips. by knowing you have access to all of the right information from proper storage and installation.
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P.O. Box 975
Avon, CO 81620
Inspection Request Line: 970.748.4094
Project Location: Attach a site plan and any other exhibits and any other exhibits including plans, maps, or details as required by Public Works to fully define all work to be performed within the public right-of-way. For excavations paralleling roadways or right of ways, show location with respect to roadway and/or right-of-ways.
(e.g., site preparation, new construction, utility installation)
Permittee is responsible for obtaining the proper location and protection of all public utilities. Permittee Guarantees work for two years from final inspection date:
Both the Town of Avon departments of Community Development and Public Works MUST BE informed at least 24 hours prior to the start date of all construction in order to provide inspection during construction.
The undersigned hereby acknowledges that he/she has read the Town of Avon “Standard Conditions for Right of Way Use Permit for ALL Construction Work within Public Ways”, and will perform all work under this permit in accordance with these conditions.
Utility Locates (800) 922-1987 or 811 (Utility Notification Center of Colorado, UNCC)
Community Development Inspection Requests: (970) 748-4094
Public Works Inspection Requests (970) 748-4100
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10,0 mm Ø Tungsten Carbide drill bit for Concrete
High efficiency Profi Beton drill for percussion and heavy-duty hammer drilling of natural stone, concrete, brick and for rotary drilling (no hammer) of ceramics and marble.
Range of application:
High efficiency Profi Beton drill for percussion and heavy-duty hammer drilling
|For drilling into:
Art.-No: 00 737010001 00
PGM tested drills: they live up to their reputation! The drills manufactured by Alpen bear the mark of conformity of the Prüfgemeinschaft Mauerbohrer e.V. (PGM), which is granted only to selected manufacturers.
Drills which bear this mark are guaranteed to conform to strict criteria regarding the diameter of the blanking die, its symmetrical soldering, and the concentricity of the drills.
Therefore only PGM tested tools may be used for drilling holes for anchor connections which are liable to approval.
|PRECISE & ACCURATE||thanks to excellent centering properties|
|PRECISE FLUTES||very strong drilling core, same shaft material as the SDS bits|
|HAMMER ACTIVE||thanks to state-of-the-art vacuum hardening|
|ROBUST||thanks to high strength tungsten-carbide tip|
|HAMMER-RESISTANT LOCKING SHANK||thanks tempered shank|
|Drill diameter Ø||10,0 mm|
|Quantity in sleeve||1 piece|
|Type||Tungsten Carbide Concrete Drill|
|Standard||DIN ISO 5468|
|Max drilling depth||140 mm|
|Drill material||TCT Tipped|


A/R/C Associates, Inc.
Our firm operates in a manner similar to and consistent with most other architectural firms, however, we limit our practice to work that involves moisture penetration problems at roofs, walls, windows, and foundations. Roofing and reroofing construction documents have been the main activity of the firm since being founded in 1982. Beyond the preceding, we also perform investigative work so as to determine the cause of the existing problems and help establish the scope of repairs that may be required. Specialty architectural services for roofing and waterproofing and the building envelope have been our entire business for the past thirty-eight years.
Outstanding People Team
Let us bring our experience and processes to help solve your toughest challenges


A patented solution for long - term protection of inter-array cables
There is a great market potential in offshore wind power. Energy experts estimate that 7% to 11% of Europe’s electricity will be generated by offshore wind by 2030. The projected total output is believed to be 24.6 GW in 2030 and 86 GW in 2050. Documented by Rystad Energy AS in a newly value proposition study done for Spintech.
Experience and engineering design-studies show that the most important factor driving Lifespan/Maintenance Cost/Life Extension Cost, including total Project Returns, for offshore windmill parks is the structural integrity of the inter array cables.
The cluster of inter-array cables could also be labelled ‘the weakest link’ within an offshore wind-mill project with its design-lifespan of approx. 20 years.
The above factors will become even more challenging for floating wind-mill farms, due to the additional forces and dynamics these floating units will be exposed to over time.
Large value in reducing failure rate of offshore wind inter-array cables
Extensive losses from inadequate cable protection systems within the offshore wind industry dictate a sector wide need for improvements.
„Cable-related incidents account for 80% of insurance claims for offshore wind farms, with 60% directly relating to cable damage during construction. The cost of cable supply and installation for wind farms typically account for 8-12% of overall CAPEX costs. Improving the cable installation and operation is fundamental driver to cost reduction.” Offshore wind accelerator (OWA), Carbon Trust
In Q1 2021, Orsted reported to have discovered that inadequate CPS (cable protection systems) solution could potentially lead to cable failures. The issue could concern up to 10 wind farms, and initial estimates put the total cost at up to DKK 3 billion over the next three years. This includes stabilisation of cables, replacements and potential production losses resulting from the issue Fallowing the Orsted announcement, similar CPS issues have been reported by multiple offshore wind developers, illustrating a wider need for improved CPS solutions.