What is Soil Investigation
Soil investigation is the process of collecting and analysing information about the soil at a specific location to determine its physical and engineering properties. This information is used to design foundations, slopes, and other structures, as well as to plan for construction, agricultural, and environmental projects.
Types of Soil Investigation
There are several different types of soil investigation techniques, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. Some of the most common types include:
- Machine boring: This method involves drilling a hole into the ground using a drilling rig. Soil samples can then be collected and analyzed to determine soil properties.
- Hand augering: This method is similar to boring, but it is done manually using a hand-held auger. It is typically used for shallow soil investigations and is less expensive than drilling.
- Cone penetration testing (CPT): This method involves pushing a cone-shaped probe into the soil and measuring the resistance encountered to determine soil properties such as density and strength.
- Trenching: This method involves excavating a trench in the soil to observe soil profile, and collect soil samples for laboratory testing.
- Geophysical methods: These methods include electrical resistivity imaging, ground-penetrating radar, and seismic refraction, which are used to create subsurface maps of soil and rock layers without drilling or excavating.
- Chemical analysis: This method involves taking soil samples and analyzing their chemical composition to determine if there is any contamination present.
The specific method or combination of methods used will depend on the type of project and the soil conditions at the site.
Uses of Soil Investigation
Soil investigation serves several important functions in the design and construction of foundations, slopes, and other structures, as well as in planning for construction, agricultural, and environmental projects. Some of the main functions of soil investigation include:
- Determining soil properties: Soil investigation is used to determine the physical and engineering properties of the soil at a specific location, such as its type, strength, compressibility, water content, and Atterberg limits. This information is critical for designing foundations, slopes, and other structures that will be built on the site.
- Identifying potential hazards: Soil investigation can be used to identify potential hazards such as soil liquefaction, landslides, or unstable slopes that could affect the stability of structures built on the site.
- Planning for construction: Soil investigation can be used to plan for construction activities, such as determining the most suitable locations for foundations, or identifying areas where additional soil stabilization measures may be required.
- Environmental protection: Soil investigation can be used to identify soil contamination, as well as potential sources of pollution and to plan for environmental cleanup and mitigation measures.
- Agricultural purpose: Soil investigation can be used to identify soil type, fertility, and water holding capacity to plan for crop production and irrigation.
- Cost savings: Soil investigation can save costs in the long run by identifying potential problems and providing solutions before the construction phase. Improper foundation design or not taking into account soil conditions can lead to costly repairs or even building failures.
- In summary, soil investigation provides crucial information that is necessary for the safe and efficient design and construction of structures, as well as for the protection of the environment and agricultural production.
Dangers of Inadqeuate Soil Investigation
One example of a failure due to inadequate soil investigation is the collapse of the Silver Bridge in West Virginia, USA in 1967. The bridge was a suspension bridge that connected Point Pleasant, West Virginia to Gallipolis, Ohio over the Ohio River.
The collapse was caused by a failure in a single eyebar within a suspension chain, which led to the failure of the entire bridge. After the collapse, it was discovered that the failure was due to a design error, specifically the lack of redundancy in the suspension chains. However, the root cause of the design error was inadequate soil investigation. The soils at the site were composed of soft clay, which was not properly taken into account during the design of the bridge’s foundations. The soft clay caused the bridge’s piers to settle unevenly, which put additional stress on the suspension chains and ultimately led to their failure. The collapse of the Silver Bridge resulted in the deaths of 46 people and was a tragic reminder of the importance of proper soil investigation in the design and construction of structures.
Another example is the failure of the St. Francis Dam in California in 1928. The dam was a concrete gravity dam and was built to supply water to Los Angeles. The dam failed within hours of filling, killing more than 400 people. The cause of the failure was determined to be the dam being built on a weak foundation of loose soil and rock. The investigation revealed that the geology of the area was not properly studied, and the weak foundation material was not identified during the construction.
Building failures due to soil investigation in Indonesia is not well documented and due to lack of public knowledge and the desire from clients to hide the nature of accidents the cases are not well known. But the author of this article has know several failure and all was due to poor soil investigation. These examples demonstrate the importance of proper soil investigation in the design and construction of structures, as failure to do so can lead to tragic consequences.


We are locally owned and operated and is licensed by the Spokane County Environmental Health Department to provide new septic drain fields and septic system repairs. We also have the required permits to provide septic tank pumping and septic tank repairs.
Is your drain or drain field plugged - no problem - We can fix it!
Clogged, leaking and frozen pipes are common issues that require an experienced technician to get you flowing again. Is there standing sewer water above your drain field? Do you have a strange odor coming from your toilet or showers? Is your water pressure low? Don’t wait for your small issue to become a big and expensive problem. Tom Kalin has experience in drain field design and installation, as well as the repair or replacement of deteriorating or faulty septic tank systems.
How long has it been since you have had your septic tank pumped? If your septic tank is working well you may not think twice about it, however most septic systems require pumping every 3- 5 years.
Tips for taking care of your septic system:
License # KALINC*985DT


Safety for Large Structures – A Protective Sheath Against Fire
Whether sports stadiums, skyscrapers or airport terminals – modern buildings often have a steel skeleton. Because they have a low dead load, but a high load-bearing capacity, they are usually easy to assemble. Steel structures are therefore widespread, especially in Asian megacities.
But steel has an Achilles’ heel: it can’t withstand high temperatures. When the temperature reaches 500°C, the steel frame quickly loses its strength. The material expands, forcing other components out of the way – the building threatens to collapse.
When the temperature reaches 500°C, steel frames soften rapidly, and the buildings are in danger of collapse.
However, there is a solution to the problem: intumescent coatings can provide reliable fire protection. During a blaze, the special coatings inflate by as much as ten to one hundred times their original thickness, forming an insulating foam cladding around the steel girders. The foam slows the rate at which the steel heats up, greatly delaying the time taken to reach the critical 500°C.
Using the right binder is key to this process because it determines how fast the layer of foam forms and how thick it is around the steel columns. Without polymer dispersions from WACKER, the coating would be too brittle, would not adhere to the metal substrate, or might easily spall off.
New Development from South Korea
The sandwich panels that are often installed as the walls or ceilings of warehouses or production buildings ignite in the event of a fire. Dr. Jae-Ha Kim, head of WACKER’s polymer business in Asia, and his team therefore developed innovative fire-retardant VAE dispersions especially for this purpose. The panels usually consist of two thin sheets of steel or aluminum and a foam layer of expanded polystyrene (EPS), which provides the necessary insulation.
“The buildings can thus resist a fire for much longer, giving rescue teams more time to extinguish the fire and save lives.”Dr. Jae-Ha Kim, head of polymer business in Asia
Thanks to the new dispersions from the research lab in Seoul, the panels retain their shape and do not collapse – even under intense heat and even if they have been completely carbonized. “Since the shape remains stable, the panels do not break down,” he explains. “The buildings can thus withstand a fire for much longer, giving rescue teams more time to extinguish the fire and save lives.”
Against Fire, for the Environment
An additional benefit is that the dispersions are water-based. Since 2014, construction materials in South Korea have also had to meet stricter environmental protection requirements. So, WACKER experts developed an alternative to solvent-based binders. WACKER is not only making an important contribution to the safety of buildings, but is also protecting the environment.


toXcel’s staff have significant experience supporting the U.S. Department of Transportation, State Departments of Transportation, and transportation research associations with projects on a variety of topics.
toXcel’s staff members are active in transportation research, with members serving in various roles for transportation-related associations such as the Transportation Research Board (TRB), Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE), and National Association of Pupil Transportation (NAPT).
We have strong capability and transportation insights in the following areas:
- Traffic Engineering
- Vehicle Systems
- Forensic Analysis
- Human Factors
- Health & Community
- Data Sciences
toXcel’s Bryan Katz Speaks at NHTSA School Bus Event
On December, 1, 2016, Dr. Bryan Katz made participated at the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration’s (NHTSA) summit, School Transportation Safety: Thinking Outside the Bus. Dr. Katz presented on two projects toXcel is leading for NHTSA: Camera Enforcement of School Bus Stop Arm Violations and Overview of Shoulder Belts in School Buses. Toxcel would like to thank Kristie L. Johnson of NHTSA’s Office of Behavioral Research, John Marshall, Director of NHTSA’s Safety Programs and Administrator Rosekind for the opportunity to present on these crucial research areas. Dr. Katz presentations are below. For more information and full video of the event, please visit NHTSA’s overvew of the event.
toXcel Connected Vehicle Demonstration
On August 30, 2016 toXcel organized a demonstration on how Connected Vehicle technologies will benefit emergency responders. This event, held at Penn State’s Larson Institute test track and in conjunction with the ITS Pennsylvania and Mid-Atlantic ITE Annual Meeting, featured two demonstrations: the Volvo Connected Truck and its automatic engine braking system and Southwest Research Institute’s Emergency Vehicle Alert application. Over 100 responders and transportation professionals attended the demonstration and rode in both the Volvo Connected Truck and in Southwest Research Institute’s vehicles to see up close how the alert systems worked. The National Operations Center of Excellence (NOCoE) filmed the event and is providing the video to the left.
Thank you to NOCoE, Gannett Fleming, Volvo Trucks, Southwest Research Institute, Penn State, Pleasant Gap Fire, Tennis Towing, Skyline Technologies and WTI for all their help!


Restoration Plan Update: Status and Financing Plan (Chapters 10 and 11)
See original Restoration Plan published in May 2021
Following the flood of 2020, Four Lakes Task Force, as a sponsor to the NRCS EWP program entered into an agreement to stabilize the Sanford Dam. This stabilization project aims at restoring the Sanford Dam, consisting of the spillway and embankment, to a stable condition and rerouting the river back to its original pre-flood course. In addition, this project will reduce further erosion of the banks near the spillway and prevent continued deterioration of the site. The work done as part of this stabilization project will be utilized during the restoration project which is forthcoming in the following years. Like the Edenville Dam Phase I Sister Wall and Phase II Tittabawassee stabilization projects, GEI Consultants is the engineer of Record, Spicer Group is acting as the Owner’s Engineer and Fisher Contracting Company will be performing the construction work.
The scope of the project includes three phases: site preparation/access, modifications to the spillway, and installation of a sheet pile I-wall. A summary of each phase is as follows:
During the summer of 2021, Central Michigan University researchers surveyed for native freshwater mussels. These are the results:
FLTF Response to Independent Forensic Team Interim Report
Since the release of the interim Independent Forensic Team (IFT) report, Four Lakes Task Force and its consulting engineers have conducted their review of the report to get a better understanding of how the team formed its conclusions. In addition, we are nearing the 60% design phase of Secord and Smallwood and have major stabilization construction ongoing on Edenville to better inform ourselves on the condition of the dams....
Smallwood Dam Architectural Review History performed by Merjent
GEI Technical Memorandum of Probable Construction Cost for Dams
Updated April 23, 2021; This report is superseded by the GEI Flood Study Report


Located in what is now known as Valhalla, New York (a few miles from Buckout Road in White Plains
NY)…there once was a town with a population of 200 known as Kensico which is now beneath Kensico Lake
Kensico was named in 1849 for a Siwanoy Indian chief, Cokenseko, who had sold most of the land
surrounding White Plains to English settlers in the 1600s. The village of Kensico was surrounded by hills
that came to a natural v-shape and there was a nearby stone quarry on Silver Lake in North Castle, making
the town a logical site for the new dam. Kensico had houses, stores, churches, hotels and a railroad station.
In the late 1800s there was a need for a reservoir that would contain waters from the various reservoirs
and act as a holding tank that could easily provide needed water to nearby New York City.
By 1905, legislation was passed by New York State to allow money to be raised for the building of the
Kensico Dam and the next year final planning by the state was approved and preliminary surveys were
begun. Seventeen miles of railroad track were privately built to carry materials from quarries at nearby
Cranberry and Silver lakes to the dam site; this spur railroad and a highway network had to be built to move
supplies into place. A camp for 1,500 workers and their families was constructed along with facilities such
as a school for the children and a night school for the non-English speaking adults. Many of these families
had immigrated from Italy and Germany.
In preparation for this huge enterprise, individual lots of land were condemned and families had to move to
such surrounding towns as Valhalla, Armonk and White Plains. Workers had to be brought to the area of the
new dam and housing and other facilities had to be built for them. The actual construction of the dam began
in 1913 and was concluded three years ahead of schedule in 1917 at a cost of more than $15,000,000. The
dam is 1,825 feet long. It stands 307 feet above its foundation and contains 1,000,000 cubic feet of masonry,
as much masonry as the Egyptians used to build some of the pyramids. In one month, 2.5 million cubic yards
of concrete were poured into blocks which had to cure for three months before being swung onto the
rising hyperbolic pile of the dam. The dam is able to hold back about 30 billion gallons of water. Many
Westchester communities, as well as over eight million City residents, rely on the Kensico Reservoir for
their drinking water. It was acquired as parkland in 1963 from the New York City Watershed Commission and
remains the property of the New York City Department of Environmental Protection
There is a nearby millstone with a plaque which reads “near this site stood Reuben Wright’s Mills
headquarters of General Washington from July 20th to July 25th 1778. Also occupied by other Revolutionary
War Generals. The mills were in Old Kensico Village, now inundated by the waters of Kensico Lake.
Kensico Dam in modern day 2013 is a popular spot for sunbathers and bike riders on nice sunny days and is
also the site of cultural festivals and concerts. After 9/11 cars are no longer able to drive across the dam.


When it comes to the construction of a project, the schematic design phase is an important step in the overall process. It’s the first stage where the project is conceptually designed, and can set the tone for the rest of the project.
The schematic design phase essentially serves as a blueprint for the project. During this phase, ideas are gathered, concepts are discussed, and a design concept is developed. This will include a general layout of the project, sketches or illustrations, and a list of materials that will be used. All of these elements will form the basis of the project’s design.
During the schematic design phase, the architects and designers will work together to create a scale model of the project. This scale model can then be used to explore different design options, and to make necessary adjustments prior to the construction phase. It also allows the team to visualize the project as a whole and identify any potential problems before they become costly issues.
In order to ensure that the project is completed on time and within budget, the team must also consider the other components of the project, such as structural requirements and site conditions. This includes the use of appropriate building materials, the selection of finishes, and any necessary modifications to the existing infrastructure.
At the end of the schematic design phase, the team should have a clear understanding of the overall project, including the specific design elements, materials, and costs. After the design is finalized, it is time to move on to the construction phase. If any changes are needed, they can be addressed during this phase as well.
By carefully planning and completing the schematic design phase, the team can ensure that the project is both aesthetically pleasing and cost-effective. With a well-designed plan, the project can move forward efficiently and with less disruption. As a result, the finished product will be something that everyone can be proud of.
The Pcb Design Process An Overview Of Necessary Steps
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The Phases Of An Interior Design Project Phase 2 Schematic Designed
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We are a reliable and professional excavating and landscaping company serving Orange County, Sullivan County and the broader Hudson Valley. Our team of experts specialize in excavating, foundations, drainage, hydroseeding and septic system work for residential and commercial customers throughout the Hudson Valley.
MacGregor Excavating & Landscaping was founded by Ken MacGregor, a life-long Hudson Valley native with over a decade of experience. He was born and raised in the Pine Bush area. He worked along side of his family with deep roots in the contracting industry. He continued to develop his expertise in landscaping and excavating throughout the last 10 years and has gained the trust of many local residents.
Choose MacGregor Excavating and Landscaping for your site work: land clearing, foundation, driveway, septic, foundation digging and backfilling, footing drains installation, septic and water line installation, driveway installation, final grading and seeding.


Fire Fighting Systems
Interior Axis can supply and install all types of Fire Fighting systems fire protection from beam and column en casements to firefly fire barrier.
We can also supply & install all your drywall, structural fire protection and fire stopping product requirements for all types of constructions.
Building Regulations require that cavities and concealed spaces in the structure or fabric of a building are sub-divided or sealed by means of cavity barriers or fire-stopping to restrict the hidden spread of smoke and flame. Fire Fighting systems is of prime importance since many buildings are honeycombed with concealed cavities and voids within the roof, floors, and walls. fire fighting systems are used in hospitals, classrooms, factories etc.
Fire Fighting systems provides a high quality cladding to structural steel, and offers up to 120 minutes fire protection. The Fire fighting systems affords protection to universal steel columns and beams, together with many joist and castellated beam sections. It can be used in any type of building where an encasement is required to structural steelwork. The Glasroc FireCases lining provides a smooth, robust surface and there is no requirement to joint or apply a decorative treatment.
As an established Fire Fighting Systems company we understand and recognise the needs and desires of our clients and transform them into reality. We are pleased to offer Fire Fighting Systems competitive prices and are proud of the outstanding quality we are able to achieve. This is why many of our contracts are achieved by recommendation or through repeat business.


Bob Holt has more than 45 years of experience in construction and building maintenance, and he assists Energy Optimizers, USA in project management.
He formerly owned Reichenbach Lumber, providing building materials, residential, and light commercial construction. For the past 25 years, he has supervised building and grounds maintenance in public education. In December 2014, he retired from public service at Bluffton Exempted Village Schools.
Bob holds a Building Operator Certification (BOC) from the Midwest Energy Efficiency Alliance and is on the board of directors of the Mennonite Home Communities of Ohio.


Since its incorporation in 1974, Equator Engineering Sdn. Bhd. (EESB) has grown in reputation as a leading engineering company providing extensive engineering and construction services in Malaysia. It has participated in a broad array of projects including diesel generation plants, power plants, palm oil mills, petro-chemical plants, cement plants throughout Malaysia.
With its expertise, EESB has completed many power plant construction projects in Malaysia successfully, with a total accumulated power generating capacity of 9100 MW. EESB leverages on its experience and good project management systems to handle various scope of works including erection, construction, commissioning and testing of various types of power plants.
EESB’s track record in safety, work quality, on-time performance, disciplined team work and integrity has further cemented its reputation as a leading engineering and construction company for power plant construction in Malaysia.


From April 25 to 26, during the period of the Second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, China State Construction concluded and signed a number of cooperation agreements with the associated partners.
The loan agreement for the National Route B Highway Project of Argentina was concluded and signed by and between China Construction America Inc. and the representatives of the lenders, i.e., Industrial and Commercial Bank of China and Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation. China Construction America Inc. signed the contract of the National Route B Project of Argentina in July 2018 and started construction in December of the same year. It is the first project undertaken by China State Construction in Argentina and also the first public-private partnership (PPP) project undertaken by a Chinese-funded enterprise in Argentina.
China State Construction signed the Shinejinst Coal Mine in Mongolia – Ceke Highway and Railway Project business contract. The project includes one coal washing plant and one highway and railway in parallel with each other, each with a total length of about 300 km. They connect the Shinejinst coal mine in central Mongolia to the Ceke port in Inner Mongolia, China. The railway is part of the western corridor of Mongolia, and also an important part of the national railway network of Mongolia.
The cooperation agreement for the Mongolia Mark Tower Project was concluded and signed by and between China State Construction and Mongolia Gold (Mark) Co., Ltd. The Mongolia Mark Tower Project is a large-scale urban complex project integrating business, office, entertainment, catering, hotel and automatic parking. It consists of a 203.5 m tower, a public parking lot and an automatic parking lot. Upon completion, it will become the tallest building in Mongolia and a landmark in the country.
(Design sketch of the Mongolia Mark Tower Project)
China State Construction signed the business contract for the National Petroleum Building Project in Papua New Guinea. The project is located in the core area of Port Moresby, the capital of Papua New Guinea. Adjacent to the main conference hall of APEC, it integrates high-end hotels and office spaces together. It has 40 floors, a total height of about 200 m and a gross floor area of 63,000 m2. After the completion, it will become the highest building in PNG and a future urban landmark. It has been praised as a symbol of the country's economic recovery and development by the various areas in Papua New Guinea.
China State Construction signed the general framework contract for the Turtle Island Infrastructure Project in Bali, Indonesia. The Vice President of Indonesia, Jusuf Kalla, Coordinating Minister for Maritime Affairs of Indonesia, Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan, Chinese Ambassador to Indonesia, Xiao Qian and other leaders attended the forum and witnessed the signing of the contract. The project has been included in the list of key cooperation projects for the Belt and Road Initiative of the governments of both China and Indonesia.
The signing of the loan agreement for the central business district project in the new capital of Egypt undertaken by China State Construction marked substantial progress in the financing of the project. The CBD project was signed under the witness of Chinese President Xi Jinping and Egyptian President el-Sisi in 2016, with a total gross floor area of about 1.7 million m2. On February 26, 2019, the foundation bottom slab concreting of the main building of the Iconic Tower was completed, setting a new record for the fastest pouring of an extra-large foundation bottom slab in the architectural history of the Middle East and Africa and for the largest pouring quantity of a foundation bottom slab.


556 Tinton Avenue
Tinton Falls, NJ, 07724
Route 33 shoulder closures start Monday as pavement project begins in Monmouth County
Closures necessary for concrete curb and inlet work
(Trenton) – Shoulder closures on Route 33 in Tinton Falls, Wall, and Howell will begin next week as a pavement project begins in Monmouth County.
From 7 a.m. until 3 p.m. Monday, March 6, and continuing daily Monday through Friday for approximately two months, sections of the shoulder on Route 33 westbound between Wardell Road in Tinton Falls and just before Fairfield Road in Howell are scheduled to be closed for concrete curb and inlet work. When the westbound side is complete, work will move to the eastbound side. Daytime lane closures may be necessary during construction. Paving is expected to begin this summer and will be done overnight.
The work is part of a $8.2 million state-funded project for maintenance and paving work on Route 33 in Monmouth County and in various locations in Mercer, Monmouth, and Ocean Counties.
The precise timing of the work is subject to change due to weather or other factors. Motorists are encouraged to check NJDOT’s traffic information website www.511nj.org for construction updates and real-time travel information. For NJDOT news follow us on Twitter @NewJerseyDOT and our Facebook page.


MAXDRILL Down The Hole Hammer, DTH hammer
Down the hole hammers and drill bits are designed together to work in perfect unison, giving high penetration rates, long service life and low costs. Because of economy and powerful drilling capacity, down the hole hammer become an advanced drilling tool for drilling and mining industries.
Our DTH equipment’s precision engineering and high standards can ensure the drilling efficiency，the hammers and bits feature solutions, which optimize impact-energy transmission into the rock. Combining advanced materials technology with skillful design focusing on performance, simplicity and endurance, our DTH tools give high productivity, great reliability and low operating costs.
1. Deliver maximum energy to drilling bit, fast drilling speed and low air consumption due to the special inner structure ofDTH hammer designed according to newest rock drilling theory.
2. Smooth performance and long service life of DTH hammer due to high quality alloy steel materials and advanced processing technology adapted.
3. Low problem rate and easy to maintenance due to simple, reliable and easy assemble and disassemble inner structure of hammer.
4. Easy to depart bit from hammer due to multihead thread connecting chuck and cylinder of hammer.
5. Interchangeable with DTH bit and drill pipe
Low pressure and high pressure hammers are available in our company
(1)Bit Size: 76mm-605mm
(2)DTH Hammer: 2”-12”
(3)Package: in wooden case


Indonesia needs infrastructure. The Southeast Asian island nation lags behind other developing nations by 1.5 trillion USD in infrastructure assets according to the World Bank’s October 2017 Indonesia Economic Quarterly report. Indonesia ranks 62nd in the 2015-2016 World Economic Forum Global Competitiveness Report rankings for infrastructure, behind fellow ASEAN members, Singapore and Malaysia. According, when President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo was elected in 2014, he made infrastructure a key priority of his administration with a focus on obtaining energy, transportation, and water infrastructure investments.
President Joko Widodo is turning to both public and private investments to meet Indonesia’s infrastructure gap. China is an increasing presence in Indonesian investment deals, and even though Chinese-Indonesian relations are not completely rid of past suspicion and tension, mainly due to sovereignty disputes over the South China Sea, both nations are actively moving forward to strengthen their political and economic relations.
Indonesia is looking to China for investments and economic growth, while China knows the benefits of having good ties with Indonesia as a source of support for its new economic initiatives, like the Belt and Road Initiative, and as an ally nation in ASEAN.
China is Indonesia’s largest trading partner. In 2016, Indonesia exported 16.1 billion USD in goods to China and imported 32.1 billion USD, resulting in a trade deficit between the two nations. Still, Indonesia promotes Chinese sourced investments and is an ardent supporter of the Chinese-driven Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank as a way to develop the nation.
Promoting the AIIB has paid off, and President Widodo is beginning to fulfill his promise to increase infrastructure investments in Indonesia. The AIIB has approved three projects located in Indonesia, all of which focus on developing infrastructure, water, and energy capacities. In 2016, the AIIB approved a 216.5 million USD loan for a National Slum Upgrading project that will improve urban infrastructure and services. The bank has also approved a Regional Infrastructure Development fund that will finance investments for urban transport, water supply, and waste management in Indonesia. Finally, the AIIB is continuing investments in hydroelectric power with the Dam Operational Improvement and Safety Project Phase II, which will continue to improve Indonesia’s hydroelectric capacity, resilience, and management.
The AIIB is not the only source of Chinese-driven investments in Indonesia. In 2016, China beat out Japan in a bid to finance the Jakarta-Bandung line by offering guarantee-free loans to Indonesia while Japan wanted Indonesian Government funding. The 5.5 billion USD project is funded mainly by a loan from China and is being constructed by PT Kereta Cepat Indonesia China, joint venture between Indonesia state-owned enterprises and China Railway International. The rail line will be 150km long, connecting Jakarta to Banjung by 2019 and reducing travel time from three hours to 40 minutes.
The Jakarta-Bandung project has already faced numerous difficulties and construction delays, and there is skepticism that the project will be completed by 2019. Difficulties in constructing the Jakarta-Bandung railway reveals the regulatory burdens that the Indonesian government presents for infrastructure investments and development. Not only has land acquisition problems delayed the project, but China has halted the release of its loan to the project developer in response to the red-tape shrouding the project implementation. Still, Indonesian and Chinese authorities claim that financing is not a problem, and instead claim that the project has been halted because of Indonesia’s uncertainty over the necessity of a high-speed railway.
President Joko Widodo will likely rely on Chinese development finance in the future as he pursues his administration's infrastructure promises. For Indonesia, and similarly to other Southeast Asian nations, the benefit of China’s economic influence seems to outweigh the economic and geopolitical consequences that comes with an increased reliance on China. But with infrastructure investments as a priority domestic policy, Indonesia needs to simultaneously pursue policy reform that will allow for timely and sustainable infrastructure development and not stall massive infrastructure projects.


Job Title – Site Services Engineer
Rate – £44,500
Shift – Monday – Friday Nights 22:00pm – 06:00am
Synergi are searching for a Site Services Engineer for a local company based in Sutton Bridge.
Responsibilities: Site Services Engineer
To ensure all site services and building / structural requirements are maintained to an acceptable /regulatory standard, e.g., water, steam, refrigeration, air compressors, drainage, air conditioning etc. also the role will require to ensure that all customer audit non-conformances are completed within the given timescales to maintain / complete.
Skills Required: Site Services Engineer
– To ensure all site services e.g., steam, water, drainage electrical – HV etc. are functioning within legal, customer, environmental and business requirements.
– Ensure all compliance records are managed and maintained
– All structural areas of the building are to be monitored and maintained to an acceptable standard.
Please apply by 10.02.22 if you would like to be considered for the position.


Internationally there is an increasing focus on supporting and managing growth within our communities through infrastructure projects that are efficient, transparent and cost-effective. Governments and private sector (rail, resources and oil etc.), are increasingly looking for innovation and financing of large-scale infrastructure projects.
Our Infrastructure team works with both the public and private sectors in delivering large-scale, complex infrastructure projects for the benefit of both the community and private sector needs. We develop flexible, innovative solutions for our partners that provide the foundation for a project’s successful delivery.
Value we deliver includes:
If you are looking to successfully and efficiently deliver a Public Private Partnership or a private infrastructure project, we are committed to working closely with our partners you to help realize the best possible outcome for your project and the community.


Sept. 19 (UPI) — A strong earthquake shook Mexico’s central Pacific coast on Monday, on the same day that an earthquake drill was held in Mexico City.
A magnitude 7.6 earthquake hit at 1:05 p.m. local time, according to the U.S. Geologic Survey. The quake was centered 23 miles southeast of Aquila.
A mandatory evacuation order was issued in Mexico City and the US Tsunami Warning System said there was risk of a tsunami near the coast of Michoacan. There were no reports of immediate damage.
Monday’s earthquake occurred on the five year anniversary of a 7.1 earthquake that killed more than 200 people in Central Mexico.
That quake took place 32 years to the day after a 8.1 massive quake devastated the country, claiming thousands of lives.
An earthquake drill in Mexico City was scheduled for 12:19 p.m. on Monday to honor the anniversary of the 2017 disaster.


Full Septic Tank Inspections
What Is A Septic Inspection?
A septic inspection confirms that a septic system is in satisfactory working condition according to set standards set by the Virginia Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation.
Why Is A Septic Inspection Needed?
Over the last few years, many mortgage companies and lending institutions have begun to request septic certifications for logical and justifiable reasons. In order to help insure that such a financial burden as repairing or replacing a septic system is not shifted to a new homeowner, obtaining a septic inspection prior to closing is a nominal, yet sound investment. For most people, a home is the single most important and expensive purchase they will ever make.
For prospective home buyers, it is important to have the on-sight sewage system inspected before they go to settlement, even if the lending institution does not impose such a requirement. The decision to have a septic system inspection before buying a new home may save money and headaches in the future.
Scope of Work For A Septic Inspection


Tel: (51-1) 717-8340
Semáforos Solares - Precaución
Semáforos Solares - Peatonales
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Epoxy Flooring Services in Hillsboro
Epoxy floor coating is a durable and long-lasting solution applied to concrete floors to enhance their appearance and performance.
It consists of a two-part mixture of resin and hardener that chemically reacts to form a hard plastic-like surface.
This coating is popular for its ability to withstand heavy foot traffic, resist stains, and provide a seamless, easy-to-clean finish.
Get in Touch with an Epoxy Flooring Expert Today
When considering flooring options for your space, contacting an expert in epoxy floor coatings can provide valuable insights and guidance.
Epoxy floor coatings are durable, seamless, and customizable solutions that can enhance the aesthetic appeal and functionality of any area.
Benefits of Epoxy Flooring
Among the various flooring options available, epoxy flooring stands out for its durability and versatility.
- Long-lasting****: Epoxy floors are highly durable and can withstand heavy foot traffic.
- Easy to clean****: The smooth surface of epoxy flooring makes it easy to clean and maintain.
- Chemical resistant****: Epoxy flooring is resistant to chemicals, making it ideal for garages and industrial settings.
Applications of Epoxy Flooring
Epoxy flooring finds versatile applications in various settings, from residential to commercial spaces. Common uses include epoxy garage floor coating, ideal for enhancing durability and aesthetics in home garages.
Additionally, epoxy basement floor coating provides a waterproof and durable solution for basement spaces.
Commercial epoxy floor coating is also widely utilized for its seamless finish and easy maintenance in high-traffic areas.
Epoxy Garage Floor Coating
The application of a durable epoxy garage floor coating enhances both the aesthetics and functionality of the space.
Epoxy coatings provide a seamless, glossy finish that resists stains, abrasions, and chemicals.
This protective layer not only improves the appearance of the garage but also makes cleaning easier and protects the underlying concrete from damage, ensuring a long-lasting and attractive flooring solution for your garage.
Epoxy Basement Floor Coating
Basement floors can benefit significantly from the application of epoxy coatings, enhancing both durability and aesthetics.
Epoxy basement floor coating provides a seamless, durable, and easy-to-clean surface that resists stains, moisture, and chemicals.
This coating option not only transforms the appearance of the basement but also adds a protective layer that can withstand heavy foot traffic and various activities, making it an excellent choice for both residential and commercial spaces.
Commercial Epoxy Floor Coating
Enhancing commercial spaces with epoxy floor coatings offers a durable and aesthetically pleasing solution that can withstand heavy foot traffic and various activities.
This type of flooring is ideal for businesses, warehouses, retail stores, and other high-traffic areas.
Commercial epoxy floor coatings aren’t only long-lasting but also easy to maintain, providing a cost-effective and attractive flooring option for a wide range of businesses.
Cons of DIY Epoxy Flooring
While DIY epoxy flooring projects can be appealing for their cost-saving potential, inexperienced individuals often encounter significant challenges when attempting to achieve professional-looking results.
- Uneven Coating: Inexperienced DIYers may struggle to apply the epoxy evenly, leading to an unattractive finish.
- Improper Surface Preparation: Without proper preparation, such as cleaning and repairing cracks, the epoxy may not adhere correctly.
- Shorter Lifespan: DIY applications often lack the durability and longevity of professionally installed epoxy coatings.
Signs You Need Epoxy Concrete Repair
Inexperienced application of epoxy flooring may lead to signs indicating the need for epoxy concrete repair services. Some common signs include:
- Cracks: Visible cracks on the epoxy surface.
- Peeling: Epoxy layers peeling off the concrete.
- Discoloration: Changes in color indicating damage or wear.
If any of these signs are present, it’s advisable to seek professional epoxy concrete repair services to maintain the integrity of the flooring.
Contact Us for Professional Epoxy Flooring Services
For professional epoxy flooring services, you can rely on our experienced team for exceptional results.
With a proven track record of delivering high-quality epoxy flooring solutions, we’re committed to meeting your needs and exceeding your expectations.
Contact us today to discuss your project requirements and let our skilled professionals transform your space with durable and visually appealing epoxy flooring.
Trust us for all your epoxy flooring needs in Hillsboro.
Get in Touch Today!
We want to hear from you about your Concrete needs. No Concrete problem in Hillsboro is too big or too small for our experienced team! Call us or fill out our form today!


Need a Sand Change? DIY Today!
How to Change the Sand in your Filter
The silica sand in your filter should be changed every 3 to 5 years. When the sand is new it’s very rough but smoothes over time from the particles in the water. When the sand becomes smooth your filter is no longer efficient. An inefficient filter will require frequent backwashing as well as a higher consumption of chemicals.
TIP – Changing the sand in the spring before start up will save you some time as the sand is already dry instead of being wet and clumpy.
Prepping Your Filter
- Turn the pump off.
- Turn the multi port valve/filter head to CLOSE, if the filter doesn’t have a close position plug off the return. (stop water flow from filter to return/jet)
- Close all shut off valves or plug the skimmer.(stop water flow from skimmer to pump)
- Remove the drain plug to allow the filter to empty.
- Remove the bolts or clamp on the filter head and lift the head off.
- Remove the sand with a wet/dry vac or scoop out by hand with a cup or ladle. If the sand is wet you can tape a stick to the wet/dry vac for easier removal.
- Be careful not to tip the filter, this can cause damage to the laterals inside.
- Remove the laterals and stem/pipe from the filter, some snap or screw off the stem/pipe.
- Soak the laterals to remove all debris. If chemicals were used rinse them before installing back in the filter.
- Rinse the filter tank with water.
- Replace all broken parts.
- Place the drain plug back on the filter
- Place the stem/pipe and laterals back into the filter.
- Fill the filter tank half full with water. By doing this the weight of the sand won’t break the laterals.
- Cover the top of the stem/pipe so sand doesn’t fall into it.
- Add the sand. The amount of sand required is noted on the filter tank.
- Reassemble the filter head and open all plumbing.
- Start up the system on backwash to rinse all loose sand from the plumbing. If you don’t backwash the loose sand will end up in the pool.
Now carry on.


Civil Engineers juggle many projects Published May 16, 2013 By Senior Master Sgt. Joseph R. Stahl 178th Fighter Wing Public Affairs SPRINGFIELD, Ohio -- It takes only a casual observer driving by the 178th Fighter Wing to realize there are several major construction projects in the works as well as many minor ones that are keeping base civil engineer, Maj. Robert Toney and his team quite busy these days. The State Route 794 reroute will affect the most people. This reroute is being managed by the Ohio Department of Transportation, costing an estimated $2,013,619 and is scheduled to be completed by November. This reroute will bring the 178 FW in line with Department of Defense anti-terrorism/force protection clearance requirements. A new main gate has been funded and will be built concurrently with the SR 794 reroute. "My goal, if I can have the [new gate] construction completed at the same time that the 794 construction is done, and the old 794 abandoned, you start going through the new main gate," said Toney. The current main gate will be an alternate gate and will primarily be used for unit training assemblies. The City of Springfield is upgrading sewer lines along SR 794 and the base's fence line. That project should be completed by the end of this summer, according to Toney. The $7.2 million designated for a construction project at the 178th included in President Obama's 2014 budget will be used to convert a building to support the National Air and Space Intelligence Center. Pending congressional budget approval, construction could begin as soon as next year "When completed, the new facility will allow us to bring all of our analysts back to Springfield, said Lt. Col. Rebecca O'Connor, Intelligence Group commander, "while still maintaining connectivity to our mission partners." Another new and separate project is the construction of a state-of-the-art fueling station that will be built on the current Petroleum, Oil and Lubricants facility. This facility will be for fueling military vehicles. "There will be a new fuel station that you will go to," says Toney "It will look much nicer than it is now; instead of just a hose connected to the tank, it will look like a service station." The Reconnaissance Group building is at 40 percent complete and should be completed in December. Toney said this will be, "one of the premier Predator buildings in the U.S. Air Force when it's all done." The Ohio National Guard 37th Special Troops Battalion will be moving into the vacant aircraft hangar. The wing is actively searching for new residents for some of the other vacant buildings on base caused by the recent mission changes. Buildings that cannot be reallocated will potentially need to be demolished, according to Toney. Completing a power upgrade on base is another important project at the 178 FW. Improved power on base is critical to sustaining the new missions here. There are also renovations and upgrades being accomplished and are in the works for several other buildings on base. Several buildings are configured for missions that we no longer have. In some cases, significant updates will be made to more suit today's missions, said Toney. Toney has a team of professionals that are helping him to manage all of these projects. They include Capt. Emerson Slack, deputy base civil engineer, Mr. Jason Zimmerman, sustainment, restoration, modernization project manager, Mr Don Fosnight, military construction project inspector and Chief Master Sgt. James Baker, facilities manager. Wing commander Col. Gregory Schnulo sees all these construction projects as positive improvements for the wing. "When you look at how the 178 FW will look in the future, these projects will make us a joint base, well capable and secure to perform the state-of-the-art missions assigned," said Schnulo.


Authorities in an Indian town in the Himalayas have halted construction and started moving hundreds of people to temporary shelters after a temple collapsed and cracks appeared in over 600 homes because land had submerged, officials said on Saturday.
Residents in the city of Joshimath, Uttarakhand state, say they noticed cracks in houses, especially after the 2021 floods in the region. No injuries were reported in the temple collapse late Friday, and local residents had evacuated the area a day earlier.
Himanshu Khurana, a district administrator, said more than 60 families have been transferred to government relief camps. According to media reports, the number is likely to rise to 600 families.
Television images also showed cracks in roads impeding the movement of vehicles.
Ranjit Sinha, a senior state disaster management official, said the proximate cause of the cracks “appears to be the faulty drainage system, which has caused water to seep under the houses, leading to their demise.”
The government is paying 4,000 rupees (US$50) a month for six months to the homeless in Joshimath, a temple town of around 25,000 that sits at an elevation of 1,890 meters (6,200 feet) and falls on key Hindu pilgrims as well as trekking Circuits, said Khurana.
Tens of thousands of devotees heading to Badrinath and Him Kund Sahib, important Hindu and Sikh pilgrimage sites, pass through Joshimath, 490 kilometers (305 miles) northeast of New Delhi. The huge flow of pilgrims and tourists meant that the city has grown exponentially over the years through the massive construction of buildings and roads that some experts have linked to land subsidence.
Construction works that have been temporarily halted include the Chardham all-weather road – a federal government flagship project to connect various Hindu pilgrimage sites, a project to install cable-drawn carts that would carry pilgrims and tourists to nearby Auli, and hydroelectric power stations.
The region witnessed a devastating downpour — extreme rain in a short period of time — that killed hundreds in 2013, as well as severe flooding in 2021. Experts say rapidly shrinking glaciers, partly due to climate change, are another reason for the region is always struck by disasters.
“Between 2015 and mid-2021, at least 7,750 cases of extreme rain and downpour were recorded in Uttarakhand. Such cases are detrimental to Joshimath as they can increase the number of affected buildings and eventually exacerbate the vulnerability of local people,” said Kavita Upadhyay, a water policy expert who is currently a research fellow at Oslo Metropolitan University’s Riverine Rights project.
Upadhyay, who is from Uttarakhand and lives in the region, said unabated large-scale infrastructure projects as well as uncontrolled tourist flows have also contributed to land submersion.
“The slopes of Joshimath were formed from landslide debris. This means that the city has limited exposure to buildings or disruption from activities such as the construction of large infrastructure projects such as dams and roads.”
A study by the Uttarakhand State Disaster Management Agency warns that the construction would cause serious environmental damage by removing boulders and blasting the slope.
In May last year, while cooking in the kitchen, Meera Rawat, a resident, was startled when she heard a gurgling sound of water flowing under the floor.
“It dawned on me that day that something bad was about to happen in our town of Joshimath. In September I saw a small crack in the ground. In December it widened and we left the house,” Meera said.


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Commercial, industrial, large indoor sports areas, bridge construction, building façade.
Our ECOMODE 100W LED Floodlight comes in 6000K it has an IP65 Protection factor, and also an aluminium housing, it is ideal for Internal and external applications. ECOMODE 100W LED Floodlight are an ideal choice for Commercial, industrial, large indoor sports areas, bridge construction, building façade. With a 120° beam angle you will get a wide area light coverage. You'll find this Slim Black 100W LED Floodlight here on our online lighting shop


233213 QUANTITY SURVEYOR
Estimates and monitors construction costs from the project feasibility stage, through tender preparation, to the construction period and beyond. Registration or licensing is required.
Skill Level: 1
2332 CIVIL ENGINEERING PROFESSIONALS
CIVIL ENGINEERING PROFESSIONALS design, plan, organise and oversee the construction of civil engineering projects such as dams, bridges, pipelines, gas and water supply schemes, sewerage systems, roads, airports and other structures; analyse the likely behaviour of soil and rock when placed under pressure by proposed structures and design structural foundations; analyse the statical properties of all types of structures and test the behaviour and durability of materials used in their construction; plan and develop transportation systems; and estimate and monitor the construction costs of projects.
Indicative Skill Level:
In Australia and New Zealand:
Most occupations in this unit group have a level of skill commensurate with a bachelor degree or higher qualification. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification (ANZSCO Skill Level 1).
Registration or licensing may be required.
determining construction methods, materials and quality standards, and drafting and interpreting specifications, drawings, plans, construction methods and procedures
organising and directing site labour and the delivery of construction materials, plant and equipment, and establishing detailed programs for the coordination of site activities
obtaining soil and rock samples at different depths across sites and testing samples to determine strength, compressibility and other factors that affect the behaviour of soil and rock when a structure is imposed and determining the safe loading for the soil
studying architectural and engineering drawings and specifications to estimate total costs, and preparing detailed cost plans and estimates as tools to assist in budgetary control
monitoring changes to designs, assessing effects on cost, and measuring, valuing and negotiating variations to designs
analysing structural systems for both static and dynamic loads
designing structures to ensure they do not collapse, bend, twist or vibrate in undesirable ways
assessing present and future travel flow patterns taking into account population increase and needs change
designing the physical aspects of transportation systems such as highways, railroads, urban transit, air transportation, logistical supply systems and their terminals


High-calibre specialist translations for the construction and engineering industry
Hi, I am Sapna and I provide a specialised translation service to the Swedish construction and engineering industry. Combining a mix of two decades of translation experience and technical training, I work with professionals to achieve high-calibre translations of their technical documents. I have worked for and with some prominent names within the industry - Skanska, WSP, and the Riksdag, among others.
I began my translation journey in 2001 as a French to English translator, and translated engineering documents for Jyoti Structures. I was finishing my translation studies with plans to take on a senior role when cupid struck, I met my husband at work, and we moved to Sweden. Soon after, I completed my Bachelors in translation from Stockholm University and started freelancing for translation agencies.
In 2009, I started working at Skanska as a senior in-house technical translator on their largest hospital construction in Sweden, the New Karolinska Solna (NKS). Apart from the two-day intensive training in construction I received there, I put effort into learning more about engineering and technical writing. This three-year NKS project marked the start of my journey as a specialised technical translator – in 2012, I started WordSense and have translated and edited numerous technical documents.


EXPERIENCED. RESPONSIVE. TRUSTED.
SitePro provides our clients with a comprehensive range of practical, affordable services for all types of civil engineering and site development projects.
"I have found Nick to be a competent engineer and an excellent collaborative partner who is attentive in his communication, listens to my input, and provides cost-effective solutions if challenges arise during the planning or construction of our projects.”
—Executive Director of Support Services, Local School District
"SitePro Engineering has been super helpful on my project. Knowing what to say, how to say it, and knowing what code to reference makes all the difference when dealing with city administration. Thank you Nick and SitePro."


Div A Events
Each team will build a strong, stable, and free-standing bridge from 25 paper drinking straws and 1 meter of tape. The team that build the tallest bridge and holds an object for 10 seconds with the fewest straws will be the winner. This event has a written test component.
Number Students Allowed
2 per team
Impact Safety Glasses (ANSI Z87.1+)
Oct 15, 2023
The rules committee met on Tuesday evening (10/10/23) to review the rules for Bridge Building. At this meeting it was decided that we make the following changes to the event rules.1. The bridge deck must span at least 17 cm and be at least 6cm in width.2. The weight to hold will be moved from the bridge deck to the highest point of the bridge.3. The highest point of the bridge must have an area large enough to hold the 5 cm x 5 cm loading block.4. Scoring of the event will not change.
A) Is there any benefit to the bridge holding the weight longer than 10 seconds? There’s conflicting guidance; one section says "Testing will end when the bridge fails to hold the weight, any part of the bridge sags and touches the tabletop, or the end of ten seconds” suggesting all that matters is if it makes it to 10 seconds. Another says "The bridge must support the object for one minute, with partial points given for any time above 10 seconds”, suggesting 1 minute is better than 10 seconds. B) Can you confirm that the location where the weight is placed can be less than 6 cm wide? C) Does the bridge design have to have a traditional bridge deck that rests on the supports or can it be an arched or elevated deck as shown in the photo in the "Straw Bridges - The Stem Laboratory" link that's included in "Possible Resources"
A) Thank you for asking this question. Teams may leave the mass on their bridge for the full minute. Time above 10 seconds will help the Event Supervisor beak any possible ties at the competition. B) The loading block is 5cm by 5cm. Team need to take this into account. C) Bridge design is the team's decision.


In a bold initiative to control the springtime floods that plague the towns and cities along the banks of the Mississippi River, the Salvation Army Corps of Engineers has trained a cadre of specialists in the technology of turning a serpent into a staff.
¶ With the help of God, Charlton Heston, a consultant with the project said, The technology can be useful in turning back rushing bodies of water.
¶ His optimism, Heston went on, was based on evidence of successful experiments dating back as far as 1300 BC as reported in The Journal of Manna Science.
¶ The Corps will demonstrate the new technology this Fall in St. Louis, Missouri, where the Cadre will use their staffs to protect the world-famous riverfront arch from a roaring 150-ft. tall Tsunami specially created for the occasion.
ABOVE: Heston at recent Salvation Army Corps of Engineers graduation ceremony.
© Max Singer 2003
Contact: A Scurrilous Rag


The VPA has activated its business continuity plan in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. We are working remotely and this may cause some disruptions to our work program. We are working hard to limit any impacts but some unavoidable delays and postponements will occur.
The Victorian Planning Authority (VPA) and Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning (DELWP) hosted an industry forum on Monday 14 May to discuss recent changes to the Public Land Act 2018, including implementation of Infrastructure Contribution Plans (ICPs).
You can view the presentation by Alix Rhodes, Executive Director Outer Melbourne at the VPA here.
You can view the presentation by Andrew Grear, Executive Director Planning, Building & Heritage at DELWP here.
Fact sheet number 1 on the Public Land Act 2018 is available here.
Fact sheet number 2 on ICP implementation is available here.


BENEFITS OF PROCAB
Procab is unique. There is no other product like Procab on the market today. Other products on the market only transports the crane operator from the ground to the cabin at the top of the crane, even if the actual construction site is down on the ground.
Ideal position. Since the crane operator decides himself which height he wants to position the cabin he can execute the loading in a very effective, safe and ergonomic way.
Increased productivity. As the crane operator can start working straight away without having to climb or take a hoist up the crane, you save a lot of time which otherwise would go to waste. Just consider the time wasted on every break during a workday. Add that the crane operator can perform unloading in a much smarter way, which also saves time.
Improved cabin environment. Injuries on neck and shoulders is avoided since the crane operator always is positioned at the right height. This leads to fewer sick days and less disability pensions.
Increased safety. If the crane operator gets sick and needs to be evacuated, the crew on the ground simply use the emergency control to bring the Procab to the ground and the operator can be carried out. Also, due to the fact that the operator is closer to the unloading, the increased visibility gives a safer working environment for the crew on site.
Easy and quick mounting/dismounting. Procab is very easy and quick to mount/dismount. It fits all the larger tower crane brands. In most cases the existing cabin on the tower crane can be fitted on the Procab so no new cabin has to be purchased.


Chris Wallace, May 2005
Modified 13 June to improve referencing
This land-mark civil engineering project is one of the
success stories of British civil engineering. The web links provide a
good background to the project and to the current issues in flood protection
This case study may seem a long way from the everyday concerns of an engineer working in the aerospace sector. However, it is an example in the public domain of an engineering project widely considered to be a success, despite large cost and time overruns. Systems engineering issues are present throughout its long incubation and construction, in its day-today operation as a vital defence system, and in the wider flood control and global weather systems of which it is a part.
The following notes summarise some aspects of the project, mainly drawn from the authoritative history of the barrier and its construction by Gilbert and Horner, 1984. Gilbert and Horner both served in key roles on the project. The interpretation of the case is entirely the responsibility of this author, who was neither involved in the project nor ever a civil engineer.
Whilst flooding has been a problem in the Thames estuary
since Roman times, the floods of 1953 were the impetus for a serious attempt to
engineer a solution to protect
Even now, there are those of the opinion that more
consideration should have been given to the barrage option, with its amenity
A wide variety of predictive models were developed for the
project. Hydrographic models of the
A major area of modelling was in the prediction of surge
tidal heights. A full model needs to take account of the tilting of the
British Isles, the sinking of
Models of the actuarial cost/benefit of the barrier were also developed and argued over. Famously and controversially Professor Herman Bondi, a mathematician and astronomer who lead a study for the barrier took the view that such models were largely irrelevant in the face of the huge cost of a major flood.
The total project can be divided into two main parts to the development: the barrier itself, and the raising of banks and additional floodgates downstream of the barrier. The barrier construction itself involved multiple structures: dredging diversion channels; the civil engineering of the scaffolding (i.e. the caissons), concrete piers ,abutments and gate sills; the gates themselves; the shafts and bearings supporting the gates; the machinery for raising and lowering the gates; power plants; control panel; lifts, navigation lights; ancillary services. In all 21 separate main contracts were let to 18 different contractors. (Gilbert and Horner, 1984, p 171) These components have critical interfaces in space and time: clearance between the ends of a sill and the piers was only 50mm; gate end to the shaft support 1.5mm. Furthermore there are many scheduling constraints which whilst not as critical, caused delay and cost: delay in the civil works meant that the gates and gate ends had to be store for several years.
By contrast, the downriver work could be more simply divided by stretch of bank. Although the Barking and Dartford Creek barriers were significant engineering works, the interfaces between these separate works were much less complex. In all 72 separate contracts were let for this work.
Despite the engineering challenge of the main barrier, the major cause of delay on the project was not engineering but industrial relations. The civil engineering works had started with 2 12 shift working. Whilst common in civil engineering, the local labour force were accustomed to a 40-hour week, and productivity suffered. When a switch to 3 8 hour shifts was finally proposed, this too caused difficulties due to the loss of overtime. This dispute festered for over three years, with several all-out strikes.
Contractual difficulties were another constant problem. Given the length of the project and the uncertainties of the economic climate (the inflation rate in the 1970’s reached 24%), no contractor would agree to a fixed price contract. These circumstances lead to complex negotiations between the customer (the GLC), the contractor and the Government (which funded 75% of the project), leading to what was in effect a cost-plus contract (ibid, p 102).
Other difficulties encountered and countered were problems with the river-bed geology affecting the bed/pier interface; collision of a ship with a coffer dam and of course, bad weather. One unanticipated problem arose in the sheeting of the roofs to the piers. The doubly curved roof had to be laid in narrow strips which were joined by turning the edge of one sheet up and folding the edge of the next sheet over it, in a direction to make the joint water proof. On one side a right handed plumber could do the job normally, but the other side could only be done by a left-handed plumber, or a right-handled plumber working upside down. Fortunately it appears that enough let-handed plumbers were recruited.
Project management changed several time during the project. One quote shows some frustration with ‘modern’ project management:
John Grice brought an entirely new spirit to the site, instead of concentrating on costs… he concentrated on getting h job done. If productivity was low on the night shift during a cold spell in February, he was out on site in the early hours of the morning to see what could be done about it. Such action is worth several tons of computer-aided management monitored data, which after all only tells the man on the site with any feel for the job what he knows already. (ibid, p 102)
The effectiveness of the barrier relies entirely on the failsafe
closure of the gates well in advance of a high surge tide. A whole chain
of activities from weather observation and forecasts, tidal and surge
predictions, communication to barrier control, navigational warning to shipping
For an apocalyptic prediction of the effect of a multiple-failure situation which includes a ship hitting a gate, read Richard Doyle’s disaster novel ‘Flood’.
As sea levels rise this century, the number of defence closures will rise. In 1984, the prediction was for up to 10 closures a year in the 21st century. In fact the barrier has been activated 80 times in the last 20 years, and half of those incidents occurred in the last five years.
Rising sea levels will slowly increase the chances of a surge tide exceeding the height of the gates to the design limit of 1 in 1000 years (i.e. a 0.1 % chance each year) by 2030. However, Gilbert and Horner claim that the design strength of the gates will allow for a large difference in height between the up-steam and down-stream sides, so that even if the gate is overtopped by 0.8 m, the upriver section would only rise by 0.3m (ibid, p138). Nonetheless the London Assembly is now exploring plans for a replacement beyond the 2030 design life of the Barrier.
Here are a few questions which are triggered by the case study and the readings around it.
1. According to present Government estimates, a flood would cost around £30 billion, around 2% of the UK’s GDP (Jane Kettle, EDIE 1/4/2005). By comparison, the cost of the barrier is estimated to have been around £1.3 billion pounds in current money.
Should the barrier have ever been built?
2. It is often said that problems aren’t solved, they are simply dissolved. Is waiting sometimes an optimal strategy?
3. Modelling methods and analytic techniques developed along side the use of those techniques on the project itself. Is this a common feature of all complex engineering projects?
4. A key feature of the design is the novel raising sector gate devised by Charles Draper, an engineer with the consulting engineers Rendel, Palmer and Tritton. I believe, although I can find no evidence, that Draper was not a civil engineer. Is it still possible for engineers from outside a discipline to contribute novel solutions?
5. Is the day of hands-on project managers like John Grice gone forever?
6. Would today’s managers have better predicted and handled the labour problems?
7. ‘Our new holistic approach should help to reassure the 5 million people at risk from flooding and coastal erosion that we are working hard across Government to set in place a strategy for the next twenty years that will effectively manage the impact on people, homes and businesses; doing so in a way that benefits wildlife and the landscape'. Elliot Morley Environment Minister (reported on the DEFRA website 24th March 2005).
One area of concern is the development of housing in the Thames Gateway, on the flood plain. What does Morley mean by ‘holistic’ here? In what way is the Thames Barrier not holistic?
8. Is there any connection between the increased risk of
9. Is the barrier a system?
1. Gilbert, S. and Horner,R. The Thames Barrier, Thomas Telford Ltd 1984
2. Doyle, R Flood Arrow Books, 2003


Norbeck at Rocking Spring Intersection
In early 2016, the Maryland State Highway Administration conducted a study at our request on the safety of vehicle traffic on Norbeck Road between Baltimore Rd & Emory Road.
The SHA reviewed the crash history at the intersection of Norbeck and Nadine/Rocking Spring, where there has been a pattern of angle crashes. The SHA recommended limiting east bounds and west bound left turns through the intersection by installing channelizing devices. These devices would not prevent drivers from making U turns at the intersection.
An existing example of such an intersection is at Georgia Avenue and Wendy Lane in Aspen Hill. The channelized device prevents people from going straight across the intersection or turning left from the secondary roads onto the main road.


Back in the Victorian era they tried to build a rail link from Inverness to Fort William, it was an ambitious project to dissect the highlands but the cost, practicalities and in-fighting meant it never happened – Until now. A bunch of toy train enthusiasts and Love Productions (the makers of Bake Off) have filmed the creation, albeit on a much smaller scale, of this train line for a new show “The Biggest Little Railway in the World”.
Stretching 71 miles across Scotland it takes 12 days for the 2 mph train to complete the journey having to overcome steep inclines and water hazards along the way with some ingenious engineering created to make it all happen.
The show is led by the man with the best moustache in TV one Dick Strawbridge alongside a team of model railway enthusiasts who laid out the 11 truck loads of track to complete the line. Episode One is on Channel 4 Sunday 7th January at 8pm – Enjoy.


HVAC is the presence of three functions, expressed as heating, ventilation and air conditioning, in a single system in modern buildings. It is a system that finds wide application areas in places where living space and energy consumption are intense. Depending on the structure of the buildings, the energy consumed for HVAC constitutes between 15% and 60% of the total energy. Therefore, the adaptation of HVAC systems is very important in terms of energy efficiency.
HVAC is the best choice between temperature, air and flow rate with automation control strategies. The algorithms used determine the desired conditions and the time required for these conditions to occur.
Optimal control in HVAC systems; It is to adjust the temperature and pressure values of the system with automatic control according to the needs, to provide comfort conditions by putting the unused environments into heating and cooling order, and to adjust the limited energy use at the same time.
As Aşalı İnşaat, we install systems that provide comfortable heating and cooling with high air quality within the scope of HVAC.


Riverfront Streetcar Project Exceeds Budget: Exploring New Funding Options
Riverfront Streetcar Extension Faces Budget Challenges
- Initial construction costs for the streetcar extension to the Berkley Riverfront exceed the $34.9 million budget.
- Kansas City agencies are exploring millions of dollars in potential additional funding sources.
- Project team must find new funding to keep the project on track.
Exploring New Funding Sources
Initial Construction Costs Surpass Budget
The Riverfront streetcar extension project in Kansas City has encountered a significant challenge, as initial construction figures received earlier this year came in above the project’s $34.9 million budget. This has left the project team scrambling to find new funding sources to keep the project on track.
Kansas City Agencies Seek Additional Funding
As a result of the budget overrun, Kansas City agencies are now exploring millions of dollars in potential additional funding sources for the streetcar’s extension to the Berkley Riverfront. This includes seeking support from both public and private sectors to ensure the project’s completion.
While the Riverfront streetcar extension project faces budget challenges, it is crucial for Kansas City to continue investing in its public transportation infrastructure. The extension will not only improve connectivity within the city but also contribute to the overall growth and development of the Berkley Riverfront area. It is essential for the project team and Kansas City agencies to collaborate and explore all possible funding sources to ensure the project’s success.
As Jessica Fulk, a local realtor, puts it, “The Riverfront streetcar extension is an important project for Kansas City’s growth and development. It will not only improve transportation options for residents but also attract more businesses and real estate investments in the area. It’s essential for the project team to find new funding sources and keep the project on track.”
What are your thoughts on the Riverfront streetcar extension project? Do you think it’s worth the investment? Share your opinions and join the conversation!
Orginal article: Link To Article – provided by Kansas City Realtors


The outdoor restaurant at the Kula Lodge, Garden Terrace Restaurant, was finished in 1998 and took three years to complete. The rugged nature of the job site dictated that all work be done by hand. The crew dug down to bedrock for the foundation, then placed the existing large stones to create the feeling of a natural rock formation. A water feature at the Garden Terrace forms a series of streams and waterfalls throughout three terrace levels without obstructing the seating and serving access. The plan called for nine dining areas built from brick and stone walls with concrete benches, wooden tables and gazebos. All the bricks for the project came from a demolished building in Honolulu, and the basalt stones were gathered from a beach at Kaupo. Redwood from recycled wine vats was used to build the tables. The gazebos were built from the same material. A centerpiece of the project is the whimsical wood-burning outdoor pizza oven with mosaic-type brickwork.


By Ismaila Chafe
The Federal Executive Council (FEC) presided over by President Muhammadu Buhari has approved N58.5 billion for reconstruction and rehabilitation of roads in some parts of the country.
The News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) reports that first segment of the approval was for roads in Kano State at the cost of N12.1billion as well as a road between Kaduna-Pambegua-Saminaka-Jos road, linking Plateau and Kaduna States, at the cost of N38.7 billion.
Minister of Works and Housing, Babatunde Fashola, revealed this when he briefed State House Correspondents at the end of the Council meeting held at the State House, Abuja, on Wednesday.
He said: “The Ministry of Works and Housing presented one memorandum for the award of contracts for the construction of two roads; the Yakasai-Bagume-Damagun road in Kano, for N12.157 billion and the rehabilitation of the Kaduna- Pambegua-Jos road linking Kaduna and Plateau States for N38.701 billion and the proposals were approved by the Federal Executive Council.”
Similarly, Minister of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Malam Muhammed Bello, revealed that contracts were approved for the rehabilitation of two roads in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT).
“During Council’s meeting today, I presented two memos on behalf of the FCT administration.
“The first memo was for the augmentation of the on-going contract for the construction of Yaba-Bache in Kwali/Abaji Area Councils and that was in the sum of N431,640,286 and as you know that is an area that is by River Gurara which is a very important water body criss-crossing the FCT.
“This particular project, we hope when completed, it is going to enhance the economic development in that area and enhance food security in the FCT.
“The second project is also an augmentation in the sum of N7,302,585, 139. The intention is to link the Northern expressway from ring road III to ring road IV, to complete that critical road that is supposed to connect the Abuja Industrial Park and the rest of the road systems within the territory,” he said.
According to the minister, the FCT administration will try its best to fund the two projects, because of their importance to the areas involved.
Minister of State for Budget and National Planning, Mr Clement Agba, also told the correspondents that the Council ratified the Nigerian Road Safety Strategy II (NRSS II).
According to him, NRSS II, an update to the maiden of the Nigerian Road Safety Strategy I that was instituted from 2014-2018, seeks to improve on the achievements of the first edition by reducing road accidents and fatalities across the country.
He said: “I presented to the Federal Executive Council for ratification, the Nigerian Road Safety Strategy II, which is an update to the maiden of the Nigerian Road Safety Strategy I that was from 2014-2018.
“The NRSS II seeks to improve on the achievements of the first edition by further reducing road accidents and fatalities and instituting basis for sustainable road traffic crashes and fatalities reduction.
“It also looked at the current road safety situation, articulates the desired road safety situation, design implementation of initiatives and programmes, these programmes and projects were estimated for implementation.
“In putting together the revised document, the NRSS I performance was assessed, benchmarking were done with other regions of Africa and the world in terms of road safety statistics and road safety strategies before the documentation was put together and costed.
“This has however, been taken through the technical working group for review and the national economic council.
“So, what FEC did today was to ratify the decision of the national economic council on NRSS II.” (NAN)


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AIA Southwest Washington Recognizes 2017 Honor Award Recipients
The AIA Southwest Washington held its annual Honor Awards banquet on Thursday, November 2, 2017 at the Tacoma Art Museum. Each year the organization recognizes excellence in architectural design with this celebration. This year our colleagues at McGranahan Architects and TCF Architecture earned awards.
McGranahan Architects earned the Honor Award for the Advanced Technology Center at Bates Technical College. AHBL provided civil engineering, structural engineering, and land survey for this 51,629 sf facility that serves nearly 15,000 students a year.
TCF Architecture earned the Citation Award for the Seattle World School Modernization and Addition. AHBL provided civil engineering, land use planning, landscape architecture, and land survey for this $10.5 M project that expanded the original T.T. Minor School, originally built in 1940, to accommodate 360 students for the Seattle World School Program.
We are honored to have been a part of both of these projects, and congratulate our architectural partners on a job well-done.


Re-purposing an old utility pole? For free?? Sign us up!Several members of Small Town Studio traveled to Topeka last week to visit with Westar Energy’s Green Team at their Tecumseh Energy Plant. The Green Team is known for taking on environmental projects across campus, as well as donating materials such as old utility poles to students working on educational projects. Lucky for us, we’re students! And we’re working on an educational project!
We spoke with Ben Postlethwait about what types of materials we might be able to use in the pavilion construction. He was extremely helpful in pointing out what they had in stock, including utility poles of various sizes, miscellaneous lumber, and steel angle iron. Even better is the fact that we can have a limited number of materials for free. That is great news considering we’re working on a *cough* student budget.
We plan to use eight utility poles for the vertical columns in our structure and hopefully we will be able to use some of the other lumber for smaller projects like benches or railings.
It is so encouraging to know that there are other professionals in the field that value sustainable design and community service work. We look forward to working with Westar in the coming weeks, as they have offered to set the utility poles for us on site! Thank you Ben and the Green Team for all of your help!


3 edition of Methods to quantify seepage beneath Levee 30, Miami-Dade County, Florida found in the catalog.
Methods to quantify seepage beneath Levee 30, Miami-Dade County, Florida
R. S. Sonenshein
by U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Branch of Information Services [distributor] in Tallahassee, Fla, Denver, CO
Written in English
Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-30).
|Statement||by Roy S. Sonenshein ; prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey South Florida Place-Based Studies Program.|
|Series||Water-resources investigations report ;, 01-4074|
|Contributions||Geological Survey (U.S.), Geological Survey. Place-Based Studies Program.|
|LC Classifications||GB701 .W375 no. 01-4074|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||iv, 36 p. :|
|Number of Pages||36|
|LC Control Number||2002485245|
Recipient of a verification from Miami-Dade County Department of Regulatory and Economic Resources, Division of Environmental Resources Management (DERM): The work authorized are those activities that qualify for and are authorized by a Class I, Miami-Dade County Coastal Construction Permit or under an Expedited Administrative Authorization. Seepage beneath the ECP levee is a major source of groundwater in adjacent areas (Strowd, ). Similarly, seepage beneath the levees bordering Everglades National Park (ENP) is a significant source of groundwater for adjacent agricultural and urbanized lands, and without active management could represent a potential flood risk for these areas.
Methods to quantify seepage beneath Le Miami-Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Investigations Report 01– pp. Google Scholar. In the s, the Corps built 68 miles of levee on the south shore of the lake, and additional 16 miles of levee near the city of Okeechobee on the north side. Following another hurricane in that left much of south Florida under water for weeks, Congress authorized a project that .
Hydrologic effects of area B flood control plan on urbanization of Dade County, Florida (FGS: Report of investigations 47) Florida -- Miami-Dade County (lcsh) Flood control -- Florida -- Miami-Dade County (lcsh) The author dedicated the work to the public domain by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under. In book: Water Resources Atlas of Florida., Chapter: soil water flux under different irrigation methods. Potato was grown under seepage, subirrigation with tile drainage, subsurface drip.
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A two-dimensional, cross-sectional, finite-difference, ground-water flow model and a simple application of Darcy?s law were used to quantify ground-water flow (from a wetlands) beneath Levee 30 in Miami-Dade County, Florida.
Geologic and geophysical data, vertical seepage data from the wetlands, canal discharge data, ground-water-level data, and surface-water-stage data collected during Methods to quantify seepage beneath Le Miami-Dade County, Florida iv, 36 p.
(OCoLC) Material Type: Government publication, National government publication: Document Type: Book: All Authors / Contributors: R S Sonenshein; Geological Survey (U.S.); Place-Based Studies Program (Geological Survey). Methods to quantify seepage beneath Le Miami-Dade County, Florida iv, 36 p.
(DLC) (OCoLC) Material Type: Document, Government publication, National government publication, Internet resource: Document Type: Internet Resource, Computer File: All Authors / Contributors. The results of the study will be used by the South Florida Water Management District as part of the Lake Belt study in Miami-Dade County.
The final report, "Methods to Quantify Seepage Beneath Le Miami-Dade County, Florida" will document the results of the data collection and modeling efforts.
Proposals. ; ; Project Summaries. Seepage Beneath Le Miami-Dade County, Florida. cross-sectional, finite-difference, ground-water flow model and a simple application of Darcy's law were used to quantify ground-water flow from the wetland beneath Levee to cubic feet per day west of Levee 30 and from approximately 15 to cubic feet per day east of.
Evaluation of Methods to Determine Ground-water Seepage Beneath Le Miami-Dade County Florida Abstract: Ground-water flow models were developed to calculate a water budget, including seepage losses, for a transect perpendicular to Levee The results of the study will be used by the South Florida Water Management District as part of the Lake Belt study in Miami-Dade County.
The final report, "Methods to Quantify Seepage Beneath Le Miami-Dade County, Florida" will document the results of the data collection and modeling efforts. Quantification of Ground-Water Seepage Beneath Levee 31N, Miami-Dade County, Florida (from the GEER Conference, December ) Journal Articles Evaluation of the use of reach transmissivity to quantify exchange between groundwater and surface water (published in the Journal of Hydrology, and available from the Science Direct website).
Ground-water flow models were developed to calculate a water budget, including seepage losses, for a transect perpendicular to Levee Data required for input to and calibration of the models were obtained from: (1) previous studies conducted in the area, (2) analysis of a geologic core and geophysical logs from a new monitor well drilled along the transect, (3) ground-water-level data from.
WRIR, Methods to Quantify Seepage Beneath Le Dade County. Florida WRIR. Methods to Quantify Seepage Beneath Levee 31N, Dade County.
Florida Numerical models for each site FY99 Activities: The report on the L site will be approved and published by December, Sampling and analysis for the stable isotopes of water and hydrologic. The study area is located in the western part of Miami-Dade County, Florida and is comprised of a wetland region in the northeastern corner of Everglades National Park as well as residential and agricultural areas of suburban site is divided longitudinally by Levee 31N (LN) into what will be referred to as ‘Everglades’ in the west and ‘urban’ in the east.
The objective of this project is to evaluate methods of determining ground-water seepage beneath Levee 30 and Levee 31N. The accounting of all significant hydrologic inflows and outflows to the Everglades ecosystem of the south Florida mainland is a key element of the South Florida Ecosystem Program.
Sonenshein, R.S.,Methods to Quantify Seepage Beneath Le Miami-Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report36 p. ABSTRACT: A two-dimensional, cross-sectional, finite-difference, ground-water flow model and a simple application of Darcy’s law were used to quantify ground-water flow.
M.S Nemeth, W.M Wilcox, H.M Solo-GabrieleEvaluation of the use of reach transmissivity to quantify leakage beneath Levee 31N Miami-Dade County, Florida, US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report (), p. Use of stable isotopes to quantify flows between Everglades and urban areas in Miami-Dade County Florida.
Methods to quantifying seepage beneath. Le Miami-Dade County, Florida: US. Hydrologic Conditions in the Vicinity of Le Northern Dade County, Florida.
Leakage Beneath Levee 31N, Miami-Dade County, Florida. A method to quantify the exchange of water between. The primary objective of this investigation was to quantify seepage below Levee L31N.
The amount of water lost to the LN Canal versus the fraction that flows below the canal was estimated. A conceptual model was developed for the site based upon results from an on-going stable isotope (oxygen and deuterium) study. Quantification of seepage rates were based upon a.
Methods to Quantify Seepage Beneath Le Miami-Dade County, Florida - Hydrologic effects of well-field operations in a wetland, Dade County, Florida - Numerical representation of dynamic flow and transport at the Everglades/Florida Bay interface.
Methods to quantify seepage beneath Le Miami-Dade County Limits to biological distribution in groundwater Ground water ecology Methods to quantify seepage beneath Le Miami-Dade. Sonenshein, R. S.,Methods to Quantify Seepage beneath Le Miami-Dade County, Florida, USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report, WRIR.
Also, the eastward seepage beneath Levee 30 tends to maintain high water levels in the western part of Area B. Area B is drained chiefly by the Miami and Tamiami canals and to a lesser extent by the Snake Creek and Snapper Creek canals.
Their capacities are not. Methods to quantify seepage beneath Le Miami- Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Investigations Report 36 pp.
Strayer, D.L. Crustaceans and mites from hyporheic and other groundwater habitats in southeastern New York.Methods to quantify seepage beneath Le Miami-Dade County, Florida,Water-Resources Investigations Report Water quality of the Delaware and Raritan Canal, New Jersey, Water-Resources Investigations Report