FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a wind turbine tower configured to support a wind turbine nacelle and a rotor, and wherein the tower is tethered by a number of cables extending between anchoring elements and attachment elements at the tower. The invention further relates to a method of erecting a wind turbine tower.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A traditional tower for a wind turbine is a tubular steel tower with tower section placed on top of each other fixed to a concrete foundation. Due to transport and production restrictions, the external diameter has a limited size. Therefore often the shell thickness is seen as the primary dimensioning parameter when increasing the tower height.
Simply increasing the tower shell thickness is however a very ineffective way of achieving increased bearing capacity and stiffness as these parameters only grow linear with the shell thickness. In comparison, increasing the diameter of the tower yields an increased bearing capacity with the diameter in the power of two, and a stiffness growing with the diameter in three.
To overcome the size limitation problem some towers comprises a number of tower sections divided by vertical joints if the diameter is optimized or further tower sections placed on top of each other if the shell thickness in increased and thereby exceed the tower section weight limitation. Other towers have increased bearing capacity by having a lower part constructed of in situ concrete or concrete elements.
Alternatively or additionally, the bearing capacity of a wind turbine tower can be increased and the stresses reduced in parts of the tower by installing a number of cables or wires from a number of anchors or foundations to attachment points in the tower. The cables provide stability to the tower to reduce oscillations from wind and reduces the loads in the part of the tower below the cables considerably. This so-called guyed or tethered tower will to some extent be de-loaded by the wire reactions and can thereby potentially be constructed by fewer long sections with a relatively smaller and thereby more transportable diameters.
However, the tethered tower inevitably takes up more land which has to be taken into account in planning the wind turbine and especially during erection and maintenance of the turbine where the cables needs to be taken into account and may be very much in the way. Also, the tensioning and the attachments of the cables are crucial for the wind tower to withstand the varying and potentially high wind forces which in the interacting with the rotor creates complex and at times quite extreme dynamic loads.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of embodiments of the present invention to overcome or at least reduce some or all of the above described disadvantages of the known wind turbine towers by providing a tower with improved cable attachments.
It is a further object of embodiments of the invention to provide a cable attachment system which more effectively aid in taking up the static and dynamic loads on the wind turbine tower and to reduce the oscillations of the tower.
It is a yet further object of embodiments of the invention to provide a method for erecting such guyed wind turbine tower which is simple and relatively fast to effectuate and with improved handling of the cables during erection.
So, in a first aspect the present invention relates to a wind turbine tower configured to support a wind turbine nacelle and a rotor, said tower having a generally cylindrical tower wall and extending in a longitudinal direction along and about a central longitudinal axis;
- wherein said tower wall has an inner surface and an outer surface; and
- wherein a tower wall thickness extends between said inner surface and said outer surface in a radial direction from said central longitudinal axis;
- wherein said tower is tethered by a number of cables;
- wherein each cable extends between a first end anchored to an anchoring element and an opposite, second end attached to said tower at an attachment element; and
- wherein two cables extending from two different anchoring elements are attached to the tower such that longitudinal projection lines from said second ends of two said cables converge at a convergence point; and
- wherein said convergence point lies at a location at a height and inside the tower wall thickness or inside the tower within a distance of three wall thicknesses from the wall inner surface as measured at the height and in a direction perpendicular to said central longitudinal axis.
By the proposed arrangement of the cables in sets of two of converging projection lines and with the mentioned location of the convergence point of the projection lines is advantageously obtained that the bending moment in the tower shell caused by the cables is greatly reduced. As a pair of cables is attached such as to converge in a point within the wall thickness or within the relatively short distance therefrom, the forces from each cable in a pair as seen in a horizontal plane will be partly equalized or taken up primarily by a normal force in the tower shell. In this way the stresses are taken up by the tower shell primarily in tension and compression rather than in bending thereby obtaining a much improved load distribution in the tower section where the cables are attached and increasing the stiffness and strength of the tower considerably.
The cables may each be single element cables or mooring lines, tie rods, and/or each comprise a number of wires such as multi strand type wires consisting of a number of strands each consisting of a number of wires, where the wires can be arranged in parallel side by side, bonded, twisted, or braided or combinations hereof. The cables may be made of steel and/or other materials such as Kevlar.
The anchoring element could be placed on or into the ground or seabed, or could alternatively be attached to or form a part of another construction such as floating platform, depth anchors, or another tower foundation etc.
The term 'converge' in this context means that the projection lines of the cables intersect or converge to their smallest separation distance. The longitudinal projection line from an end of a cable corresponds to the direction that the cable extends in at that end. The longitudinal projection line may be the same line as the direction of extension of the cable if the cable is approximately straight. A cable may be anchored solely at the anchoring element and at the attachment element or may be supported or attached in one or more points along its length for example by connection to other cables or stiffeners. In that case the longitudinal direction of the cable may change along its length and the longitudinal projection line from said second end then corresponds to the cable longitudinal direction in or near that end.
The wind turbine tower may comprise one or more tower sections joined to form the generally cylindrical tower wall. The wind turbine tower in one embodiment is made at least partly of steel and/or concrete, and may be reinforced in places by other or additional materials.
The tower may be self-supporting both with and without the cables attached. The tower may alternatively be self-supporting only with the cables attached and tensioned. In such case the tower may be temporarily stiffened or supported by a temporary support during erection until the cables are attached.
One or more of the cables may be attached to the tower at essentially the same height or at different heights. In one embodiment the cables are all attached at the same height and at even intervals around the tower to thereby distribute the forces from the cables evenly. By attaching the cables at the same height, the cables can be attached to attachment elements attached to the same tower section. This tower section may form a special tower section specially adapted to receive the cables for example by comprising additional reinforcement compared to its neighbouring tower sections and/or by have higher strength or stiffness. Similarly, the tower may be tethered by more cables or more sets of cables attached at different heights of the tower.
According to the invention, the convergence point lies at a location within the tower wall thickness or inside the tower within a distance of three time the wall thickness. The wall thickness here is then as mentioned the wall thickness of the tower wall at the height of the convergence location. Also, the distance is here as mentioned determined based on the local tower wall thickness at that height. As the location of the convergence point is relatively close to or adjacent the attachment element, the tower wall thickness is in most applications the same or approximately the same as the local tower wall thickness adjacent the relevant cable attachment elements.
In an embodiment of the invention the two cables are attached to the tower such that the convergence point lies at a location inside the tower wall thickness or inside the tower within a distance of one wall thickness from the wall inner surface measured at the height and in a direction perpendicular to said central longitudinal axis. By a location of the convergence point closer to the wall inner surface is obtained an improved load transfer from the cables to the tower wall with reduced bending moments in the tower wall. This effect is even more pronounced when the convergence point lies inside the wall thickness. Hereby the tower wall thickness adjacent to the convergence point and the cable attachments can be reduced without jeopardizing the strength of thetower. Furthermore, by having the convergence point inside the wall thickness or inside the tower is avoided that the cables are physically close to crossing or touching. This simplifies the attachment and tensioning of the cables to the attachment elements. Furthermore, this allows for the attachment elements to be arranged totally on the outside of the tower if desired and thereby not interfering in the internal tower design. At the same time, components of the forces from each cable in a pair will to a large extent or completely counteract each other such that the stresses are taken up by the tower shell primarily in tension and compression rather than in bending.
In an embodiment of the invention, the attachment element forms an integral part of the tower wall or is attached to a surface of the tower wall by fastening means such as any of welding, gluing, or mechanical fastening members.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the attachment element is adapted to receive the second ends of the two different cables. Hereby a reduced number of attachment elements are needed to attach the cables in that each or some of the attachment elements can be used to attach two cables. Further is obtained a more precise attachment of the two cables relative to each other in that they are attached to the same attachment element. In this way the location of the convergence point of the projection lines of the two cables can be more easily and precisely determined and controlled. Such attachment element can be at least partly formed from a bended plate, which provides for a simple yet effective way to construct an attachment element of high strength and stiffness and wherein the attachment of the cables can be controlled such that the convergence point of the projection lines of the two cables attached to the attachment element will lie as desired within the wall thickness or close to the inner tower wall.
In an embodiment of the wind turbine tower, two cables are anchored to the same anchoring element and extend to different positions at the tower at essentially the same height of the tower. In this way one anchoring elements can be used to anchor two cables.
In an embodiment, the wind turbine comprises a number of anchoring elements and a number of attachment elements, and each anchoring element is adapted to anchor at least two cables and each attachment element is adapted to receive two cables not extending from the same anchoring elements. Hereby is obtained a tethering of the tower wherein the cables are attached in pairs to each anchor and attached in other pairs to the tower. For example, the wind turbine tower may be attached by 6 cables extending between 3 anchoring elements and 3 attachment elements. Hereby is obtained that any cable can be detached from an attachment element or from an anchoring element for example for repair or exchange without jeopardizing the stability of the wind turbine tower. Also, any set of two cables can be detached from an attachment element or from an anchoring element with the tower still being suspended to some degree in all directions. This would then make room to allow for example for a crane to be moved close to the tower without interfering with any of the remaining cables, for a wind turbine blade to be lowered to the ground or similar.
In an embodiment of the invention, each cable is pre-tensioned to a value in the interval of 30-55% of their nominal strength, such as in the interval of 40-50% of their nominal strength. Hereby is obtained that all the cables tethering the wind turbine tower are in tension at all times and under all weather conditions regardless also those cables in the leeside. Hereby the oscillations of the tower and the natural frequency of the tower remain well controlled. By tensioning the cables to such high degree, the non-linear part of the deflection of each cable will have only an insignificant influence. Hereby, the cable deflection will have a working interval where the deviation from the linear behaviour is kept below a certain low value, say 2%. With a mainly linear behaviour of the cables is obtained that all deflections within the working interval and in all directions are linear and that the system frequency of the tethered tower has advantageously just one single value. Hereby only a limited frequency range has to be excluded from the operational parameters of the wind turbine which is important in order to be able to optimize the power production in all weather conditions.
In an embodiment of the invention, the wind turbine tower comprises at least a first tower section and a second tower section joined to the first tower section wherein the cables are attached to the second tower section and wherein the tower wall thickness of the second tower section is larger than the tower wall thickness of the first tower section. Hereby is obtained that the tower section receiving the cables has an increased stiffness and better can withstand the loads from cables. Further, by attaching the cables to second tower section is obtained that the second tower section of increased thickness and specially prepared to receive the cables can be made separately from the other tower sections. The first tower section may be placed on top of and above the second tower section or vice versa. Also, the tower may comprise more tower sections, and the first tower section may form an intermediate tower section placed in between other tower sections.
Further, the second tower section according to the above can have an outer diameter larger than an outer diameter of the first tower section, whereby can be achieved a second tower section of increased stiffness and strength for better withstanding the loads from the cables. This may be obtained with the first and second tower section having the same inner diameter thereby obtaining an even inner surface of the tower across the first and second tower sections which may be desirable to simplify the attachment of inner ladders etc.
Further, the second tower section according to the above can have an inner diameter smaller than an inner diameter of the first tower section likewise to yield an increased stiffness and strength of the tower section. This may be obtained with the first and second tower section having the same outer diameter thereby obtaining an even outer surface of the tower across the first and second tower sections.
The first and second tower sections may be joined by any of a flange connection, welding of adjoining or overlapping tower section portions, or bolting of overlapping tower section portions to hereby obtain a strong connection between the two tower sections.
In an embodiment, the cables are attached to a tower ring placed around the wind turbine tower. The tower ring may be attached to the wind turbine tower by welding or by being tightened around the tower or by combinations hereof. Hereby is obtained a strong attachment of the cables to the tower with an efficient load transfer from the cables to the tower.
According to further aspect, the invention relates to a method of erecting a wind turbine tower tethered by a number of cables and configured to support a wind turbine nacelle and a rotor, and wherein the tower comprises a number of tower sections joined to each other, the method comprising: positioning a first tower section, attaching at least some of the tethering cables to a second tower section while the second tower section is on the ground, lifting the second tower section with the attached cables onto the first tower section, and joining the second tower section to the first. Hereby is obtained a method for erecting a tethered tower where the tower sections are mounted successively and where on the same time the cables are handled and managed effectively during the erection. By the proposed method, the cables are advantageously attached to the tower section while at the ground which can be done far more reliably, simple, fast, and safely than if to be done in height, where also the weather conditions may complicate the work considerably. Also, the method advantageously provides for a way to lift the cables in position at height at the same time and in the same process as the lifting of the second tower section thereby only needing to perform one lifting operation by a crane and reducing the need for the crane. This is of concern especially for the erection of offshore wind turbines. Furthermore by the proposed method is obtained that some or optionally all of the cables are ready to be mounted to the anchoring elements and to be tensioned to support the tower already when having joined the first and second tower sections. In this way the tower can be tethered as soon as possible. Further advantages are as mentioned in the previous in relation to the tethered tower.
The term on the ground is here to be understood in a general meaning as a base of some sort like for example a foundation, solid ground, a platform etc., such as an offshore foundation or a floating platform in the case of erecting a tower for an offshore wind turbine.
In an embodiment of the invention a third tower section is attached to the second tower section while the second tower section is on the ground. Hereby as much work as possible is performed at the ground under far better working conditions than if performed in height. Hereby a better quality of the attachment may be obtained and the work may be performed faster and while having a far better safety.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the following different embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 shows a sketch of a wind turbine tower according to an embodiment of the invention,
Figs. 2 and 3 show the attachment of cables to a tower section in a cross sectional view and an enlargement of a detail hereof, respectively,
Figs. 4A and B show an embodiment of the cables attached to a tower section in two different views,
Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of an attachment element,
Fig. 6 shows a cross sectional view of a tower section with an attachment element,
Figs. 7A and B show an attachment of a cable to an attachment element and to an anchoring element, respectively, and
Fig. 8 is a sketch of a wind turbine tower during erection as seen from above.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 shows a sketch of a wind turbine tower 100 according to an embodiment of the invention. The wind turbine tower is configured to support a wind turbine nacelle and a rotor (not shown) and is tethered by a number of cables, 101.The tower extends in a longitudinal direction along and about a central vertical longitudinal axis 105. In the present embodiment, in total six different cables 101 extend between their first ends attached to in total three different anchoring elements 102 which here are on the ground and their second ends attached to attachment elements 103 at one tower section 104 of the tower. Two cables extend from each anchoring element and extend in different angles to two different attachment elements at the tower but at the same height. In this embodiment the anchoring elements 102 are placed at the same distance from the tower and at 120 degrees apart around the tower so that the cables tensioning is symmetrical. The cables here extend to the tower at an angle of approximately 45 degrees and are attached to the tower at a height just beneath the height of wind turbine blade tip when in its lowermost position. In this way the cables cannot under any weather conditions be hit by a blade.
Figure 2 shows a cross sectional view of the wind turbine tower 100 of figure 1 and at the height where the cables 101 are attached to attachment elements 104. A part hereof is shown in an enlargement in figure 3. The six cables 101 are attached in pairs to three anchoring elements as shown in figure 1, and are attached to meet in other pairs at the tower. Hereby is obtained the symmetrical tethering of the tower as sketched in figure 2.
The longitudinal projection lines 201 from the second ends of a pair of cables 101 converge at a convergence point 300. The convergence point lies at a location at some height and in this embodiment inside the tower wall thickness 301 extending between the inner surface 202 and the outer surface 203 in a radial direction 204. The location of the convergence point 300 may in other embodiments lie inside the tower and within a distance of three wall thicknesses from the wall inner surface 201 as measured at the height of the location of the convergence point and in a direction perpendicular to said central longitudinal axis as indicated by the arrow 305 in figure 3.
The pair of cables with converging projection lines may be attached to two separate attachment elements 103 or to the same attachment element configured to receive two different cable ends.
In figure 4A and B are shown an embodiment of the cables 101 attached to a tower section 104 of the wind turbine tower 100 in a perspective view and as seen from the side, respectively. The tower section 104 onto which the cable ends are attached is here reinforced by a larger wall material thickness in order to better withstand the forces from the cables. As can be seen from the figures the outer diameter of the tower section 104 is larger than the outer diameter of the neighbouring tower sections 401. The tower sections are here joined by flanges abutting inside the tower (not shown).
Preferable the attachment elements are shaped such that the cable projection lines of each cable go up to and through the middle height of the attachment element to obtain an even stress distribution in the welding of the attachment element to the tower wall.
Figure 5 shows a sketch of an attachment element 103 as seen from above. The attachment element is configured to receive two cables 101 and is formed by a bended plate 501 with one eye or aperture 502 at each end. Nooses 503 at the cable ends can then be attached to the eyes 502 by bolts or pins. The attachment element 103 is attached to the tower for example by welding or by mechanical fastening members such as bolts, rivets or the like, or may form an integral part of the tower wall.
In figure 6 is shown an attachment element 103 as attached to a tower section 104 and as seen in a cross sectional view from a side. The attachment element 103 is here formed as a plate element with an opening 502 for receiving a cable end. The wall thickness of the tower section 104 with the attachment elements has an increased thickness 301 adjacent to the attachment element 103. The tower section 104 comprises flanges 601 at both ends for joining of the tower section to other tower sections. The flanges 601 are to be connected by bolts.
In figure 7B is shown in a top view an embodiment of the cable ends 101 as attached to an attachment element 103 at the tower section 104, and as attached in the other end to an anchor element 102. Figure 7A shows the anchor element 102 from figure 7B in a side view. The cable can be tensioned by tensioning the bolts 701 appropriately at the anchor element 102.
Figure 8 is a sketch of how the wind turbine tower can be erected and as seen in a top view. A first tower section 401 of the tower has been positioned and the cables 101 have been attached to the second tower section 104 optionally with a portion of the cables still being rolled onto cable drums 802. Here, the two cables to be attached to the same anchor element 102 are rolled onto the same cable drum 802. The set of cables may alternatively be rolled onto separate cable drums. In general the lengths of each of the cables in a set to be attached to the same anchor element are the same. Preferably, the anchor elements are all placed with the same distance to the wind turbine tower. However, even in that case the cable lengths may vary some length due to the possibility of level differences between the anchor elements. A crane 801 then lifts the second tower section 104 with the attached cables 101 onto the first tower section 401 and the tower sections are joined. The crane 801 may then advantageously be used to lift each cable drum 802 with the other cable ends out from the tower to the location of the anchoring elements 102 for attachment and tensioning of the cables. In this way the crane can lift the cables over trees or other types of vegetation or obstacles without having to clear a path on the ground.
While preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, it should be understood that the invention is not so limited and modifications may be made without departing from the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims, and all devices that come within the meaning of the claims, either literally or by equivalence, are intended to be embraced therein.
A method of erecting a wind turbine tower (100) tethered by a number of cables (101) and configured to support a wind turbine nacelle and a rotor, and wherein the tower comprises a number of tower sections (104) joined to each other, the method comprising:
- positioning a first tower section,
- attaching at least some of the tethering cables to a second tower section while the second tower section is on the ground,
- lifting the second tower section with the attached cables onto the first tower section, and
- joining the second tower section to the first.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein a third tower section is attached to the second tower section while the second tower section is on the ground.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising the step of attaching the tethering cables to anchoring elements.
4. A method according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising the step of tensioning the tethering cables.
5. A method according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising the step of pre-tensioning the tethering cables to a value in the interval of 30-55% of their nominal strength, such as in the interval of 40-50% of their nominal strength.
6. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the step of attaching at least some of the tethering cables to a second tower section comprises attaching two different cables on one attachment element.
7. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the step of joining the second tower section to the first is performed by means of any of a flange connection, welding of adjoining or overlapping tower section portions, or bolting of overlapping tower section portions.


How do I apply for a building permit for rural Douglas County or for the City of Bennington?
You can find more information about applying for a building permit for rural Douglas County or for the...
What are noxious and nuisance weeds?
To learn more about noxious and nisance weeds, please see our detailed information by clicking the...
Where can I take unwanted paint, cleaning products, and pesticides?
You can take your unwanted paint, cleaning products, and pesticides to the Household Hazardous...
Where is the landfill and when is it open? What can I take to the landfill?
Douglas County contracts with Waste Management for the general operation and maintenance of the...
Green Roof Working Committee
The Green Roof Working Committee (GRWC) was formed to follow up on the focus group discussion from the October 25, 2007 Green Roof Market Development Symposium, sponsored by the City of Omaha and Douglas County and provided by Green Roofs for Healthy Cities. The overall goal of the GRWC is to incorporate more green roofs in the metropolitan Omaha area. Green roofs are just one of the Low Impact Development (LID) tools that can be used to mimic natural hydrology in the urban environment and minimize the negative impacts of stormwater runoff.
The GRWC met throughout 2008 to follow up on the various aspects of green roof development that were identified at the Symposium. Six subcommittees developed recommendations that were compiled in a technical memorandum. The GRWC no longer meets on a regular schedule but updates will be posted to this website.
Douglas County Environmental Services
3015 Menke Circle
Omaha, NE 68134
Green Roof Tour June 22, 2010
Douglas County Health Center (One Photo)
Dunsany Flats green roof photos (Four Photos)
Gallup green roof photos (Five Photos)
Midtown Crossing green roof photos (Two Photos)
Saddlebrook green roof photos (Five Photos)
Meeting Summaries - 2009:
Meeting Summaries - 2008:
Subcommittee Work Plans:
Education - Outreach
Appraisal - Finance


At Mitchell Iron Works, we bring the fabrication services to you with state of the art mobile welding services. We have a proven history of ensuring the success of each construction project by using premium materials, expert craftsmanship, and reliable processes. No matter how simple or complex your construction project may be, turn to us to provide the outstanding results you can depend on. All of our steel products are fabricated in house so you can rest assured knowing that your steel will be delivered to the site on time and installed expertly for the best results.
Mitchell Iron Works will seamlessly integrate our services with your builder and architect to enhance your project and ensure its complete success. We have the capability to custom design and fabricate any steel product while also offering expert installation services. Our structural steel services include heavy equipment repair, exterior railings, gates, fences, and structural steel erection. With over half a century of experience, you can depend on us to excel at every stage of the structural steel erection process.
Modern Tools & Equipment
We use only modern tools and equipment to fabricate your steel prior to bringing it onsite. This allows us to ensure the best in quality control and state of the art solutions for your onsite construction needs. At Mitchell Iron Works, we also strive to meet your budgetary and scheduling needs for the ultimate in success on each project.
Contact Mitchell Iron Works for more information about mobile welding and custom metal stair work in New Jersey and the nearby areas by calling us at (609) 465-7510. Please browse our website to learn more about our company and services.


Welcome to the RLEM Workshop!
Call for papers is live and registration is coming soon!
Third ACM SIGEnergy Workshop on Reinforcement Learning for Energy Management in Buildings & Cities (RLEM) > About RLEM
RLEM brings together researchers and industry practitioners for the advancement of (deep) reinforcement learning (RL) in the built environment as it is applied for managing energy in civil infrastructure systems (energy, water, transportation).
RLEM’22 will be held in conjunction with ACM BuildSys’22
Registration: Register now via BuildSys 2022


The Client, the strategic investor of the project, wanted Investorium to develop a concept of a heating main to carry heat from North West CHPP to Primorsky district of St. Petersburg. The heating main was expected to resolve the issue of the heat deficit and supply heating to newly built living blocks in the North of St. Petersburg. Investorium was also responsible for having the project approved by its main participants and stakeholders, and namely: GUP TEK SPb (a city government-controlled heat supply monopoly, the owner and operator of St. Petersburg's boiler house facilities), VTB Bank (the financial investor of the project), the regional and Federal energy commissions (the energy rates approval authorities).
Scope of work:
The main incentive for the project was the lack of capacity of the heat generation facilities (boiler houses) in Primorsky district of St. Petersburg caused by the housing construction boom in the area. Also, due to the long distances from the boiler facilities to heated buildings and increased pipeline wear, the heat losses in the heating mains increased 1.7 times, while the payload increased by only 6.2%. The business idea behind the project entailed the construction of an above-the-ground heat pipeline with the view to supplying heat generated by North West CHPP to the district’s boiler facilities and to curb the heat deficit in the area.
What made the project challenging was the need to calculate a new rates model for the North West CHPP, acting as a combined heat and electricity generation facility. Initially, this power plant was built with the intention to export the generated electricity to Finland, and heat generation was not accounted for in the rates they charged. It was up to Investorium to develop a new rates model and have it approved both on the regional and Federal levels by respective energy commissions. In addition, the very concept of the project was in conflict with the investment program of GUP TEK SPb which involved developing the boiler facilities on an independent basis, but Investorium’s effort resulted in harmonizing the positions of all the project stakeholders and obtaining all the necessary approvals.
The approved new rates model served as the basis for the project feasibility report containing the calculations of the project’s investment budget, profitability and payoff rate. The Client, encouraged by the Government of St. Petersburg and backed financially by VTB Bank, built and commissioned the heat pipeline which allowed to cover the deficit of heating power in Primorsky district of St. Petersburg and provide extra capacity for rapidly developing heat distribution network in the Northern part of the city.


Construction Site Management
JSR STAR offers complete site management services for commercial, residential and agricultural construction projects. Our Site Management Services includes assistance with permit acquisition, meeting code requirements, providing construction oversight, site safety oversight, site clearing, site grading, storm water management, septic installation, well drilling, water hook up, and construction debris management and removal for commercial, residential and agricultural construction projects.
For more information click on the links below
Agricultural Construction Projects
Navigating through a construction project can be both confusing and time consuming. We are happy to lighten the load by providing assistance for all or any part of your construction project.
For more information click here
JSR STAR Services - P.O. Box 6609, Ellicott City - Maryland 21042-6609
© Copyright JSR STAR Services - P.O. Box 6609, Ellicott City - Maryland 21042-6609 - all rights reserved


Our experienced team can guide you through the whole building process from drawing board to completion.
We specialise in the construction of bespoke designed new build homes however will happily quote for full renovations, extensions, commercial buildings, and many other larger projects.
With the vast majority of houses in the U.K being of timber frame construction we have had 25+ years to perfect this building process. Our team of joiners are well practiced in building our timber kits on site and then ultimately erecting them into your new home. We also have joiners specialising in finishing’s giving your new home that special touch. Each house build is fully managed from start to finish including employing the best subcontractors to carry out plumbing, electrics, brick work, etc. We will also carry out all site clearance and concrete foundation work in house.
Over the years we have carried out many renovations of virtually derelict houses (see gallery). These houses are often completely stripped back to bare bones and rebuilt from the inside out.
Our capabilities also extend beyond standard house building work. In the past we have often took on commercial and civil based projects which include shops and restaurants based on structural steel frames which can also be built in house.
With our extensive capabilities no building or civil project is out of the question so don’t hesitate to contact!


Next to our 2 main activities crop clearing and ground- and excavation works we also regularly execute diverse civil works.
Our civil works are very diverse and vary from for example the maintenance of public recreation areas to the construction of places to play sports or recreation areas. Civil works that we can execute for you in a professional way with our experienced employees and suitable machines are among other things:
2. Construction of places to play sports
3. Construction of shell trails
4. Moulding, levelling and sowing
5. Maintenance of public recreation areas and ditches
6. Shredding twigs and grinding stumps


Civil Engineering Curricula
What Can I Build On?
The ability of buildings to withstand earthquakes is dependent on maintaining structural integrity on the substrate in which the building is constructed. This lesson will challenge students to design and test building design modifications capable of withstanding liquefaction.
Recommended for Grades 6 - 12Find Out More...
Designing an Earthquake-resistant Structure
In this activity students will take part in an engineering design experience that allows them to observe how sudden acceleration as experienced during a seismic event can lead to structural failure and discover what building characteristics most affect stability
Recommended for Grades 6 -12Find Out More...
Erosion – Can You Fight It?
How much energy is involved with waves and erosion? Can humans stop erosion of the shoreline? Should we? Is it cost effective? Students design a seawall to protect a major costal highway.
Recommended for Grades 6-12Find Out More...


CPVC is a high heat, corrosion resistant chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) material. Because of its excellent corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures, it is ideally suited for self-supporting constructions where high temperatures are a concern. It can be used (depending on chemistry) up to 180º F. Corzan® CPVC conforms to ASTM-D-1784-95 Class 23447-B (formerly Type IV Grade 1) and is manufactured without fillers or plasticizers. It exhibits excellent fire properties UL-94V-0 and flame spread less than 20 per ASTM E-84. Corzan CPVC is a system approach which allows you, our customer (through numerous component manufacturers) to provide a totally integrated system, all produced from the same family of Corzan materials. Machinable - CPVC can be machined, cut, routed and welded. Flammability - CPVC is self-extinguishing and has a flame spread of less than 20. Physical properties - CPVC has outstanding strength through a range of temperatures. Impact - CPVC has excellent impact strength. Chemical resistance - CPVC has excellent chemical resistance to acids and alkalis.
- Water Absorption: 0.03%
- Dielectric Strength: 1250 volts per meter
- Flammability Rating (UL94 Rating): V-0
- Toughness (Rockwell Scale): R114
- Izod Impact Strength: 9


Serving Clients Througout New England
F. A. Hesketh & Associates, Inc. is a multi-discipline civil and traffic engineering firm. Our team of professional engineers, land surveyors, planners and landscape architects offer a wide array of consulting services to assist clients in all aspects of land planning and development. We assist our clients through the planning and permitting process from the initial concept to final construction plans, including application and procurement of required local, state and federal development permits, and coordination with custodial utility companies.
3 Creamery Brook
East Granby, CT 06026


Erie Canal (Images of America) (Paperback)
Travel back in time through the heyday of the old Erie Canal and see how it unleashed the growth of the United States.
The building of the Erie Canal was spearheaded by the vision of Gov. Dewitt Clinton, New York State to build the engineering marvel that opened the West to settlement and made New York City the center of finance and commerce. Opened in 1825, the canal proved so commercially viable that construction of an enlarged Erie Canal began just 11 years later. The success of the canal spawned the growth of cities, towns, businesses, and industries along its route in upstate New York.
Erie Canal takes you on a journey where you can swim with the Volunteer Life Saving Corps as they sharpen their skills, view images of mule-drawn boats wending their way through scenic countryside, and marvel at the engineering of the bridges, aqueducts, and locks that facilitated the functioning of the canal. In addition, Erie Canal travels a step back in time and illuminates the people whose lives were shaped by the canal.


Zincobre developed the first octagonal tower with interchangeable demister in 2002. The first octagonal towers were installed in 2003 at the Lane Xang Minerals, Ltd. copper plant in Sepon, Laos.
This gave rise to the ZACT© technology (Zincobre Atmospheric Cooling Tower) which is applied worldwide for the cooling of all kinds of acidic and basic solutions and with high content of solids
Zincobre Ingenieria S.L. is a world leader in the design, manufacture, installation and commissioning of Atmospheric Cooling Towers, ZACT© with highly innovative patented technology that allows the cooling of fluids with high content in solids. We have extensive experience in revamping projects of existing cooling towers increasing performance with minimal investment.
The Technology subject to ZACT© is under the copyright (© Register number 05/2006/332) and patent number PCT/ES2010/070781
The design of Zincobre Atmospheric Cooling Towers (ZACT©) meets the optimum requests of the operators of Chemical and Metallurgical Smelters to maintain on a nearly permanent basis the cooling efficiency of the ZACT´s.
All process fluids with up to a maximum of 60% of dissolved and
Inlet temperature from 38ºC to 95ºC
Maximum flow per unit up to 1000 m3/h
Drift loss 0,00019%
Availability 95% - 98%
Full removal Demister Module
Removal Feeding System to facilitate maintenance tasks
Higher powered motor leaves a margin which allows increasing the
air flow by approx. 20%
Improving the health and safety working conditions
Heavy duty design and best life time conditions of all the plant components
Safe hygiene and operating conditions
Safe residue storage conditions
If your plant requires NEW COOLING TOWERS for process fluid with solids in suspension, you will find a good suport in Zincobre. We can help you:
Carrying out the design, calculus, fabrication and delivery of the cooling towers
Supporting and supervising the erection and start-up processes.
Defining design parameters and layout.
If you already have ATMOSPHERIC COOLING TOWERS, but you wish to increase their efficiency, we can help as well:
Auditing your towers.
Solving the problems with new ideas.
Introducing minor changes to reach more cooling efficiency.
Improving the health and safety working conditions.
Shortening maintenance tasks.
Our solutions are carefully studied to make the most of your existing installation and minimize your investment to provide the lowest cost solution while increasing performance. Zincobre focuses on providing the best overall project value. More than 50 ZACT© installed around the world.
Design, engineering, manufacturing, commissioning and start up of Zinc Electrolyte Cooling Towers (ZACT©) and ventilation system (4 units) based on Zincobre "STATE OF THE ART" Technology.
Design, engineering, manufacturing, commissioning and start up of Purified Solution (3 units) and Zinc Electrolyte (10 units) Cooling Towers (ZACT©)
Design, Engineering, Manufacturing, Commissioning and Start Up of Slurry Cooling Towers (5 units) and Process Solution Cooling Towers (8 units) (ZACT©)
Design, Engineering, Manufacturing, Commissioning and Start Up of Slurry Cooling Tower (1 unit) (ZACT©)
Design, Engineering, Manufacturing, Commissioning and Start Up of Zinc Electrolyte Cooling Towers (6 units) (ZACT©)
Design, Engineering, Manufacturing, Commissioning and Start Up of Slurry Cooling Towers (4 units) (ZACT©)


The Bauchi state government has seek for partnership with the Nigeria Society of Engineers, (NSE) to check substandard materials, construction method or quacks in a move to end building and other infrastructure collapse.
The state governor, Bala Abdulkadir Mohammed seek the partnership at the 2022 Annual General Meeting (AGM) of the state branch of the Society of Engineers held in Bauchi.
The governor who represented by the Director General of the State Bureau for Public Procurement, Engineer Joshua Titus Sanga, appreciated the engineers for their key roles in ensuring quality, timely and cost effectiveness in the delivery of infrastructure.
He pointed out that, the role of Engineers in the development of a state such as Bauchi cannot be over emphasized, as no infrastructure such as water, road, electricity, buildings and other essential projects can be successfully conceived, designed, constructed and maintained without qualified engineers.
“It is s with great pleasure to be invited to participate in a great event of engineering professionals across the state. The theme of your Conference, Project Management: Challenge and lessons learned is very essential for your career as Project Manages. NSE Bauchi can be proud to have ample opportunities in projects management through the massive Engineering jobs being carried out by my Administration.
“With all these being driven by Engineers and other built professionals, I presume they benefited both in knowledge and wealth with the state favorably above others in infrastructure development. We as a government will be happy for more partnership with you in the monitoring of our projects as being piloted by the state COREN to ensure rapid development of the state.”
In a welcome address, the Chaiman of the state chapter of NSE, Engineer Muhammad Hadi Ibrahim commended the state government for working with the society of engineers to bring about the needed infrastructure development in the state.


The goal of Hearns Real Estate Solutions, LLC, is to provide quality expertise to its clients who are contemplating the acquisition of property for public projects. This occurs in phases of negotiations/acquisition, relocation assistance and program management work. To fulfill this goal, the company is staffed with individuals experienced in providing right of way acquisition and relocation assistance services to state and local public agencies in compliance with the Uniform Act and the various state and local guidelines.
HRES personnel have been acquiring land and relocating property owners since 2006 for federally, state, city, county funded projects and this experience, along with the continual training our staff undertakes, gives our clients the assurance their project will be implemented within federal, state and local guidelines. The projects listed below represents a sampling of the types of projects HRES personnel has worked:
The US Highway 221 Project, sponsored by NCDOT, involved improvements of US 221 from North of Southfork New River to South of NC 194. HRES was hired to acquire approximately 11 acquisitions and 14 relocations including a convenience store and gas station, construction firm, office, retail, and a used car auto.
High-Speed Rail Project, sponsored by NCDOT, involved improvements of piedmont corridor, piedmont corridor, restore double track, haydcock to junker, in Mecklenburg and Cabarrus Counties. Several railroad crossing were closed throughout the two (2) counties. HRES was hired by a private engineering firm to acquire various parcels of right of way. The project required several acquisitions and relocations.
The Yeager Airport Project, sponsored by the Central West Virginia Regional Airport Authority, involved the removal of obstructions for Runway 5 Approach/Runway 23. It involved right-of-way acquisition and relocation advisory services, which involved the acquisition of 55 vacant lots and 11 residential homes. As well as relocation of 8 property owners and 3 tenants, wherein affected all residents. Phase I of the project consisted of the development of a relocation plan, the performance of site surveys, and the estimation of relocation and acquisition costs.
The Selwyn Village Condominiums Project, sponsored by Charlotte-Mecklenburg Storm Water Services, involved negotiations, on a voluntary basis, of a four unit condominium structure. Negotiating also involved the donation of a Greenway Easement through the floodplain area located in the common areas owned by the condominium association.
The Double Oaks Redevelopment Project, sponsored by Charlotte-Mecklenburg Housing Partnership, a non-profit corporation, involved the relocation of approximately 360 residential tenants located in the 576-unit complex of the Double Oaks Apartments. Additional services involved the property management of the apartment complex including all maintenance and rent collection until all occupants were successfully relocated. Responsibilities included understanding both URA and HUD 104(D).
HRES currently holds the following certifications:
MBE - Minority Business Enterprise (City of Charlotte)
SBE - Small Business Enterprise (North Carolina Department of Transportation)
SPSF - Small Professional Services Firm (North Carolina Department of Transportation)


Selecting the Right Home Building or Remodeling Contractor
It does not matter whether you are looking for a contractor to renovate the house, remodel the home, or build it from the ground, what matters is that one should get the most appropriate and experienced contractor to all the phases of work to completion. One should look at the reputation and the qualification of the contractors before hiring any company to start working on their construction project. It is recommended that you get the company or contractor who is well placed to handle all aspects of construction work in the home. A home needs to look beautiful and therefore one should look for the company that can make all their dreams and desires fulfilled. This is necessary because the home being the crucial aspect of life needs the fulfillment of the desires of the homeowner. Get ready to learn about Lakeville Residential Construction.
Qualification of the contractor is a key consideration when looking for the right contractor because such is able to handle the construction in any topographical location. It is important that one should get a local construction contractor of that specific area because they do understand the topography of the area and one will be sure that they will do some good work.
Maintenance is inevitable and that is why the company that offers maintenance services to the clients after the project is complete is the best choice. The company with repair, remodeling, and renovation experts is the best to be selected.
Gutters are the most important aspect of the home because they do direct the flow of water from the roof, and some contractors are not well versed, therefore one should be careful in selecting the contractors so that they fit the gutters perfectly. Gutters just like any other part of the home, they need to be maintained and the company to hire should provide the cleaning services.
Referrals or recommendations is another way through which one can get to know the right contractor because the people who recommend are sure that the contractors will do a perfect job since they have had some experience with them in the past. Am sure that they will recommend a contractor who is experienced and is licensed to handle the construction work. All of your question about new home construction https://rongitsch.com/areas-of-service/lakeville-residential-remodeling/ will be answered when you follow the link.
A beautiful landscape helps to complete residential or the commercial construction project making it to appear according to the homeowner preferences. A good construction contractor will be best placed to do some improvisation when needed so that they can transform the landscape with a beautiful design based on the project changes.
It is wise that you just do not get outside there and hire any contractor that you come across, but instead do some thorough research to get the one best suited to handle your project so that you enjoy and feel good once the project is completed.


Container & Prefab Homes
Prefabricated architecture is turning into an important trend in the world of contemporary design. The modularity allows for greater design flexibility and makes them more affordable. Nowadays, architectural projects made with recycled loading containers are becoming increasingly popular and, considering the need for more sustainable construction, increasingly necessary. This book presents 14 Eco-Friendly architectural projects committed to environmental conservation based on sustainable construction, featuring prefabricated homes made of wood, steel, etc., as well as container homes.


A company that combined the unique knowledge and many years of experience of professionals in the design, installation, commissioning and operation of water treatment, water purification, and wastewater treatment systems.
Watercom specialists have fundamental theoretical knowledge, backed up by “live”, practical experience. And this allows us to understand the real needs of our customers. The company uses approaches that are the most beneficial for the client and environmentally friendly.
The Watercom team constantly learns and skillfully uses time-tested methods along with the most modern and innovative solutions for water purifying and water treatment.
Engineering company Watercom is a member of the ALFATEK group of companies.
ALFATEK unites companies engaged in the supply, wholesale and retail sale, as well as the production of filter materials and equipment for water purifying and water treatment throughout Russia and abroad. Our own production, price control, constant availability of goods in warehouses allows us to quickly and efficiently solve even the most difficult tasks in the field of water treatment
634063, Russia, Tomsk
st. Berezovaya d. 2/5
8 (3822) 90 15 77
Phone 8 (3822) 90 15 77


Stain resistant protection for concrete floors
Sparta, North Carolina- Amano Pioneer Eclipse, a worldwide manufacturer of professional floor care and sanitation products, introduces PowerStar” Stain Resistant Top Shield the best concrete floor protection available today. Commonly known as an intelligent floor care treatment, Top Shield is an important part of the complete PowerStar concrete floor maintenance system.
The innovative and unique composition of Top Shield creates a durable ultra-hard surface that repels water and stains improving the low maintenance characteristics of a concrete floor. Just as important, Top Shield allows the slab to breathe releasing underlying water vapor that could lead to interior damage and surface deterioration. This treatment also helps improve the effectiveness of daily cleaning procedures and extends the life of the floor.
Available in a ready-to-use 2.5 gallon bottle, Top Shield is the star of the Amano Pioneer Eclipse concrete floor maintenance program. Top Shield is applied at the end of the concrete floor polishing operation. A floor care professional, using a micro-fiber applicator, can walk on the treated surface even before it dries ” sometimes in as little as 30 minutes ” without affecting the floor appearance. This unique characteristic reduces application time and produces optimal and predictable results.
Best of all, PowerStar Stain Resistant Top Shield makes concrete floors shine. Using a UHS Burnisher and a PowerPolish HT curing pad, Top Shield produces a floor aesthetic that exceeds all expectations. Properly applied, it can elevate the gloss level of an untreated floor by almost 10 points. PowerStar Top Shield is part of a complete line of concrete floor care polishing machines, diamonds, pads and densifying treatments available from Amano Pioneer Eclipse.
For more information on floor care machines, chemicals and accessories produced by Amano Pioneer Eclipse, visit www.pioneer”eclipse.com. In the US call 1-800-367-3550. For international inquiries call 1-800-372-8080.
About Amano Pioneer Eclipse ” For almost 40 years, Amano Pioneer Eclipse has provided building service contractors with mechanical and chemical solutions for cleaning and maintaining all types of flooring including vinyl composite tile, granite, marble, concrete, carpet, linoleum and marmoleum. Sold through janitorial supply distributors, Amano Pioneer Eclipse also produces a full line of environmentally preferred cleaners and coatings known as EnviroStar Green whose unique chemistry is ideally suited for hospitals, schools, hotels, offices and retail environments.


Denver, Colorado. September 16, 2014 – Metro State University’s proposed Aerospace and Engineering Sciences building (AES) is one step closer to becoming a reality, with the release of $5.2 million from the Spillover Appropriation Fund by the state Capital Development Committee to fund planning, pre-construction and utility work of a new, innovative facility.
“Our Aerospace and Engineering Sciences initiative will directly address one of the biggest workforce challenges in Colorado: how to better create a pipeline of highly skilled graduates to meet the specific needs of Colorado industries,” said President Stephen Jordan. “Colorado has the country’s third-largest aerospace economy, but industry leaders can’t find the talent they need to maintain that position of strength. We’re working closely with industry leaders to design a ground-breaking program to develop the nation’s most workforce-ready advanced manufacturing professionals.”
The AES program and interdisciplinary curriculum will foster valuable connections between aviation and aerospace science; mechanical, electrical and civil engineering technologies; industrial design; physics; computer information systems and computer science — and attract career-focused students to MSU Denver. Discussions with aerospace, aviation and advanced manufacturing industry leaders throughout the metro Denver area are helping to inform the development of degree tracks and courses.
Through a competitive bidding process, MSU Denver selected AndersonMasonDale as the architectural and engineering design firm for the project. With confirmation of state funding, the University will finalize its contract with the firm, and work will begin on October 1. The design and engineering phase will include surveying, building design, code and jurisdiction review, project management and pre-construction.
The University is working to select a construction firm and has narrowed its search to six finalists. The general contractor is expected to work with AndersonMasonDale to make the construction process as efficient as possible, both in terms of time and money.
Planning and design for the 142,000-square-foot, $60 million AES building is expected to take 12 months, with construction estimated at between 16 and 20 months. MSU Denver has committed $20 million of its own capital improvement funds to the project, and will seek an additional $15 million from the state and $20 million from the private sector. The goal is to break ground in fall 2015 and open the facility in spring 2017. The building is to be located at the southwest corner of 7th Street and Auraria Parkway.


Dubai has reached a significant milestone in its urban development efforts with the closure of the bidding process on January 25, 2024, for the construction of advanced sewerage and stormwater drainage systems across several key industrial areas, including Al Khabaisi, Umm Ramool, Al Qusais Industrial First, and Ras Al Khor Industrial 1 & 2. This initiative marks a pivotal step towards enhancing the infrastructure of these vital industrial zones, with high expectations for the imminent commencement of these critical projects.
The project aims to bolster the urban fabric of Dubai by deploying sophisticated sewerage and stormwater drainage solutions tailored to meet the unique needs of industrial communities. The comprehensive plan includes the construction of an extensive network of pipelines, manholes, and house connection chambers for the sewerage system, as well as integration with the existing sewerage framework. Additionally, a robust stormwater drainage network is to be established to protect these industrial areas from the challenges posed by extreme weather conditions.
A cornerstone of this initiative is the improvement of wastewater management practices by facilitating sewer connections for current septic systems, thereby channeling wastewater efficiently into the Dubai Municipality’s network. This move aligns with Dubai’s overarching goal of sustainable urban development, promising to usher in a more effective and eco-friendly wastewater management regime for these essential industrial sectors.
As the bidding process concludes, stakeholders and industry players are on the edge, eagerly anticipating the project’s kick-off, which is expected to contribute significantly to Dubai’s industrial growth and sustainability. This development underscores Dubai’s commitment to enhancing its urban infrastructure and sets a new benchmark for sustainable industrial practices in the region.


Waimea College Stage 1, designed in conjunction with Sheppard & Rout and constructed by Fitzgerald Construction, is a 2 storey Timber Technology building which sequesters over 280 tons of carbon! Sustainable NZ products and local manufacturing of the timber structure is left exposed, to showcase the structural capabilities of timber and the beauty of its natural grain and texture.
There are 8 standard classrooms, 4 of which can be increased in size due to large operable walls between, allowing for greater flexibility in learning. There is also a specialty horticulture classroom, teachers resource room and 9 toilets. Classrooms are light-filled and warm, with a light shelf integrated on the first floor to add additional natural light & highlight the timber structure. Specifically designed and integrated acoustic and mechanical systems, combined with opening windows along each side of the building, provide cross ventilation which helps in reducing CO2 levels and in turn keeps students focused.
Work on the Stage 2 building is now well underway (on our in progress page) and will be a continuation of the stage 1 structure & aesthetics.


Frequently Asked Questions
|Account Information||Management||Water Quality||Acquisition|
|Introduction of chlorine
Arsenic and Manganese
|How the City Blends its water|
Is our water safe?
- Yes. The health and wellbeing of the residents of White Rock has been, and will always be, a top priority for the City. This is one of the many reasons the City purchased the water utility from a private company and took over its operations. Other reasons were so that the City could:
- have control over the operations, rates and decisions related to the City’s water quality;
- immediately take steps to formulate a plan to build arsenic and manganese treatment processes;
- bring in in-house experts and consultants who have extensive experience enhancing a City’s water quality; and,
- be eligible for provincial and federal infrastructure grants not available to private companies.
How will you guarantee a safe supply of water so we don’t have a boil water advisory again?
- The Total Water Quality Management Plan (TWQMP) will provide secondary disinfection to the water supply and upgrade critical system infrastructure to ensure consistent and reliable service of high-quality drinking water.
- The TWQMP was required based on the recommendations of the 2010 Boil Water Notice Report when the water utility was under private ownership.
- As a result of the report, the Fraser Health Authority had directed the previous owners of the water utility that a secondary disinfectant had to be in place by June 2016. On October 30, 2015, the City of White Rock acquired the water utility from a private company. In 2016, the City of White Rock asked the Fraser Health Authority for an extension in regards to introducing a secondary disinfection so that the City could conduct some testing prior to full implementation of a secondary disinfection. The Fraser Health Authority approved this and the City had until February 1, 2017, to implement a secondary disinfection treatment.
- As part of the TWQMP, upgrades to improve the overall system safety and reliability are being addressed.
Does the City perform water quality tests?
- Yes. The City conducts ongoing water quality tests. The City performs weekly tests for bacteria and quarterly quality testing for metals, all data is available on our Water Quality page.
Does the City have adequate water supply in case of an emergency such as the Five Corners fire?
- Yes. The Oxford and Merklin reservoirs are now constructed and operational, therefore along with the existing Roper reservoir, have increased the water storage capacity by 33%
- In October of 2015, when the City purchased the water utility, the total available water storage was 4.50 million litres. During the fire, on May 15, 2016, the total available water to fight the fire was 4.65 million litres, 150,000 litres more than when the City purchased the utility. Since that time, the City has constructed a new water reservoir that did not previously exist and completed a second in April of 2017. This means the City’s total available storage is now 6.05 million litres, which is 1.55 million litres more than when the City purchased the utility. The 6.05 million litres is the future storage amount recommended by the consultant to service a population of 26,650 for the year 2031. According to the 2016 census, White Rock’s current population is at 19,952.
How is the City able to blend its water?
Currently, the City can blend its water in two ways: 1) in the reservoir and 2) in the distribution system.
The Meklin reservoir has two wells that pump water into the reservoir, where the water is blended and sent into distribution by one pipe. The Oxford reservoir has three wells that pump water into the reservoir, where the water is blended and sent into distribution by one pipe.
This was not previously possible as the Oxford reservoir was not constructed. Now that the Oxford reservoir is constructed, the water from those wells can be mixed.
With the addition of the two new reservoirs, the wells at each reservoir can be adjusted to pump at different flow rates into the reservoir where the water is blended. For example, at the Merklin reservoir there are two well pumps that pump into the large reservoir and the water is mixed.
Our Certified Water Operators have the ability to control each well pump. This includes turning a pump off and pumping from the other well, for example, running Well A at 20% and Well B at 80%. So the majority of the water in the reservoir is from Well B.
- The system operates using pumps, which create a pressure in the distribution system.
- The Certified Water Operators have the ability to set the pressure at wells 4, 5, and at the reservoirs. Depending on water demand and other factors, water will be provided into the distribution system at different locations, where it encounters water from another source and is mixed. For example, if the pressure set point at the Oxford reservoir is higher than well No. 4 and 5 and the Merklin reservoir, and the demand is low, then the Oxford water could be providing water to the majority of the system and will mix with the minimal amount of water being provided by the other sources.
- The City of White Rock wants to hear all questions and concerns. Please direct these to City staff depending on the questions. Operations will be happy to take your call on water (604.541.2181) or if you have a query about billing, please call Finance (604.541.2100).
Why do I smell or taste chlorine in my water?
As part of the ongoing implementation of chlorination, which the City shared with the public earlier in the year, the Operations Team introduced a low dosage of chlorine (0.5mg/L) on October 4, 2016. Secondary disinfection was required to meet the February 1, 2017 deadline implemented by Fraser Health Authority.
With this phased approach, staff are able to monitor any changes to the City’s water quality. Samples of the water are collected and are monitored by Fraser Health Authority (FHA).
As staff sample and monitor the City’s water quality, they will adjust the dosage over the next several months, in accordance with the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (GCDWQ).
Why does my water look cloudy or discoloured?
The City’s water contains naturally occurring manganese. When chlorine and manganese mix, the esthetics of the water may become cloudy. Although the water aesthetics may change, the City’s water is still safe to drink.
What do I do if I have cloudy or discoloured water?
If you are experiencing cloudy or discoloured water:
- remove aerators (screens) from taps
- turn on your cold water on the tap located nearest your property's water meter/shut off and let it run for a minimum of 10 minutes or until it runs clear
- place the aerators back on the taps
- you may have to do this more than once.
Should you still have cloudy or discoloured water, please call the Operations Department at 604.541.2181 or send an email to firstname.lastname@example.org.
Is Chlorine safe to drink?
- Chlorine has been used to disinfect water to make it suitable for drinking for the past 100 years. (Source: Health Canada)
- There are no risks associated with the taste and the odour of chlorine in drinking water. (Source: Health Canada)
How do I reduce the taste or smell of chlorine in my water?
Store bought filters are an option to consider for those who find the taste and odour (or the aesthetic effects) caused by chlorine to be strong. Filters should be certified as per the NSF International/American National Standards Institute Standard 42.
"A quicker way of reducing chlorine smell from tap water is to add fruits or vegetables such as oranges, lemons, limes and cucumbers, or to dissolve a crushed Vitamin C tablet to the water. This should remove most of the chlorine in about an hour."
(Source: Health Canada, pg. 5)
For more information regarding filters or treatment technology, please read section 7.2 Residential scale, from the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality - Chlorine Guideline Technical Document (Health Canada).
How is the City going to address naturally occurring arsenic and manganese in its water supply?
Our water supply contains naturally occurring arsenic and manganese, which is why the City is working towards building arsenic and manganese treatment plants.
How will the City operate the water system?
- The City of White Rock is the sole owner and operator of this facility. The City runs the day-to-day operations and ensures the quality and safety of the water supply.
- To do this, the City has taken some key steps to ensure it has the expertise to provide the residents of White Rock quality water. For example, since taking ownership of the water utility, the City has:
- hired an international award winning Utilities Manager with extensive experience working with water utilities and providing award winning clean water;
- applied for provincial and federal infrastructure grants not available to private companies to address naturally occurring arsenic and manganese in the City’s water; and is,
- partnered with RES'EAU WaterNET, a research organization out of UBC that is able to tap into a vast network of experts nationally and internationally who can help us achieve our goals as we move towards building the arsenic and manganese treatment processes.
- The City will operate the treatment processes, prepare and execute capital and maintenance plans, read water meters, perform water quality testing, and prepare annual reports.
Are we joining Metro Vancouver’s water system?
- No. If we joined the Metro Vancouver water system, the water would still go through our distribution system. Metro Vancouver treats their water with chlorine so we would continue to experience discoloured and cloudy water due to manganese reacting with chlorine.
- It is not feasible for any connection to the Metro Vancouver water system to be made before 2019 at the earliest.
- The City would also need to purchase property and build a pump station on Surrey property at South Surrey Athletic Park and construct distribution lines to get the water to both Oxford and Merklin reservoirs and pay Metro Vancouver for the cost of the water.
- Metro Vancouver would need to perform upstream improvements to their system to meet the additional population demand and the City would be required to pay for these improvements as well as the water.
- The City would also have no control over replacement and expansion plans and would also be responsible for a percentage of any capital expenditures for any upgrades or expansions throughout the system in any jurisdiction in Metro Vancouver.
- Joining Metro Vancouver would require ongoing operating payments by City of White Rock to Metro Vancouver in the amount of approximately $1.5 million dollars each year.
- The approximate $25 million cost difference when looking at joining the Metro Vancouver water system and maintaining our own system.
- However, acquiring the water utility gives White Rock control over the future of the City’s water supply, including the ability to make quick decisions to address/enhance the City’s water quality.
Find out more about the City and the Greater Vancouver investigation into options to receive the water supply from the Greater Vancouver Water District Public Release - City of White Rock Water Supply Analysis Reports
Why did the City buy the water system?
- In 2013, city staff and council began this consideration. The City developed a business case, heard from members of the community, and held a public meeting in June 2015 where residents expressed significant support for the idea of an acquisition.
- As a result of that process, the City of White Rock signed a negotiated agreement with the private company to acquire the water utility from them. The City took ownership of the operations on October 30, 2015.
- This was an important milestone for the community, as it means all utility fees are now reinvested directly into the community. Furthermore, the City also has direct control of the water system, which allows the City to accommodate growth and make upgrades to the existing infrastructure as required.
What is water main flushing?
Water main flushing is the process used to clean water mains. Water system valves are turned off to isolate a section of the water main. Water is then flushed through in one direction at high speed to produce a scouring action that removes built-up sediment. Clean water is always used to flush water mains. After flushing, the water exits through an attachment to a fire hydrant.
What are water mains?
Water mains are underground pipes that carry water from the reservoir to your street.
Why are you "flushing" the water mains?
We clean water mains to improve water quality by removing sediment. Water travels slowly through the mains, causing sediment to settle at the bottom and build up over time. A change in direction or an increase in the rate of flow of the water in the mains (e.g., due to water main breaks, or hydrant use for firefighting) can disturb the sediment and discolour the water.
How do you clean the water mains during flushing?
We flush most of the water mains by forcing water through them at high velocity and discharging it through hydrants. This water flow scours and cleans sediment from inside the mains. We leave the hydrant open until the water runs clear. The flushed water will be de-chlorinated before entering the catch basin.
How long does it take to flush the water mains on each street?
Flushing takes takes approximately 30 minutes to an hour. We require all taps to be turned off and no toilets flushed during the flushing time as indicated in the notice to residents for individual households to ensure that the work is done properly.
How will I know when you are flushing water mains on my street?
We will notify you via letters delivered to each residence prior to commencement of work. The letter will contain instructions and information on the program. If you live in a multi-family complex, staff will contact your property manager/landlord on when the work will begin and will include information on how long it will take.
Can I use my water when you are flushing the water mains on my street?
Do not use your water or flush your toilet when we are cleaning the water mains on your street. Using your water or flushing your toilet could draw sediment into the water pipes of your building, into water filters, washing machines, hot water tanks, etc. Turn off any time-delayed water systems, such as dishwashers, coffee makers, and lawn sprinklers.
My in-home medical equipment requires water to operate. What should I do?
Consider rescheduling the use of this equipment before or after the water main flushing. Make sure the cold water tap runs clear before connecting to the in-home water-dependent medical equipment.
What do I do if I need water during the time that I am not supposed to use water?
As a precautionary measure you may store a sufficient reserve of potable water for use during the flushing hours.
If I have time delayed appliances or water conditioning systems. What should I do?
Please turn off all time delayed water line appliances during the flushing period. If you have water conditioning systems such as water softener or filtration system, you may want to shut off the water supply valve to these systems, until after the water main flushing is completed.
Is the Fire Department aware of the water main flushing?
Yes. The City of White Rock Fire Department is informed of the flushing time, date, and location. Water for fire suppression is available from the water system at all times during the flushing program.
Will I notice anything different after you have flushed the water mains?
Your water may be discoloured. Water is sometimes discoloured after water main cleaning, but this should not last long. Do not use discoloured water for any purpose that require clean water, such as preparing food and beverages, medical and dental procedures, or laundry.
- After flushing is complete, remove the aerator (a fine mesh grid) on your tap. Then, turn on a cold water tap, preferably the laundry tap, and let the water run for a few minutes.
- Do not choose a tap that has a water filter connected to it; otherwise, the sediment may clog your filter.
- Do not use a hot water tap because it could draw sediment into your hot water tank. Once the water runs clear place back the aerator.
- Catch some water in a light coloured cup or container to see if it is clear. You can use your water if it is clear.
- If the water does not clear within 5 - 10 minutes, wait two hours and try again.
How do I get rid of the discoloured appearance?
Customers are advised to fully open their cold water faucets in their laundry tap, kitchen and/or bathroom to flush this water out of their service piping and plumbing lines. In most cases, the water should begin to run clear again within a minute. If it does not clear, please let us know by calling 604.541.2181 or via email email@example.com
What should I do if the water is still discoloured after two or three hours?
If this happens, call 604.541.2181 or via email firstname.lastname@example.org
What if someone drinks the water when it is discoloured?
Drinking discoloured water should not make you sick; however, it may not smell, taste, or look pleasant.
What else may I notice about my water after you have flushed the water mains?
Immediately after the cleaning you may notice that your water is cloudy or has a chlorine smell.
- Cloudy water - water is cloudy when air gets in it and makes tiny bubbles. These bubbles are harmless and will disappear if you let the water sit for a few minutes.
- Chlorine smell - we add enough chlorine to the water to keep it safe. You can easily get rid of the chlorine taste and smell by filling a container with water and keeping it in the fridge for drinking- much of the chlorine will leave the water overnight.
Why can't you flush the water mains at night?
It is safer for staff to work on the streets in daylight. Also, it is easier in the daylight to see when all the sediment has been flushed out and the water is running clear.
Where will you drain the water used in the flushing program?
We will discharge the water into the street catch basins. We will be using an environmentally friendly product (sodium thiosulphate) to remove the chlorine from the water before it is discharged.
Does discharged water affect the environment?
No. The City takes special precautions to ensure that the quantity and quality of the water flushed is safe for disposal. Before doing any field work, the City investigates water disposal routes and ensures that they are of adequate capacity to receive the water and are not sensitive to the flow. In most cases, the water is sent to stormwater collection system, or to a drainage ditch. During flushing, the field crew monitors disposal of the water, reduces its energy to prevent erosion, and adds dechlorination pucks to remove any chlorine.
Do other cities have similar water main flushing programs?
Many cities have some type of flushing program to clean their water mains. This is considered the best way to improve water quality and increase the reliability of the distribution system.
I lost water service. Why, and what do I do?
Though not intentional, this happens from time to time during the flushing program. During flushing, certain valves are closed to provide control over the direction of flow. It is likely that a valve closure resulted in loss of supply to your block. Contact the Engineering and Municipal Operations Department at 604.541.2181 or email email@example.com The field crew will be sent to your block immediately to investigate and identify which valves may have been inadvertently left closed and will be reopened.
Why does flush-water (hydrant or at the tap) appear discoloured?
The colour is due to the presence of solids that are scoured from the surface of the pipes. These may include sand, sediment, iron (rust), and manganese, all of which are naturally occurring and common to virtually every water system. At the levels that cause mild discolouration, these solids are not harmful, although they may impart an undesirable taste to the water.
Is the water safe to drink?
Yes, the City has maintained compliance with all provincial and federal drinking water quality standards. The City performs frequent monitoring throughout the system to ensure the safety and aesthetic quality of your water.
How will you pay for the water main flushing program?
Funds from the water utility rates will pay for this program. Water rates will not be increased to pay for this maintenance program.
Will I be paying for the water used in flushing?
No, each residence and business is individually metered at the service connection to determine consumption. Your utility bill is based on your specific meter readings.
Is water main flushing a waste of water? Is this counterproductive to conservation?
No. We are using a unidirectional flushing technique, which uses less water than conventional flushing. The City strongly values, encourages and practices water conservation measures. In developing the flushing program, the City has considered the impact of water use and weighed it against the known benefits of flushing. While a fair amount of water is used and is necessary to create an effective scour, the City uses a flushing practice called (unidirectional) water main flushing that is specifically designed to reduce overall water usage.


The project is located about 30 kilometers away from Kyiv, in Nemishaeve town, Borodyansky district of Kyiv region.
The project of micro district construction implies the construction of 32 buildings, average height - 9-storeys. According to the project concept, the infrastructure of the new residential micro district will include kindergartens, comprehensive school and a large number of commercial property objects.
The tentative number of residents is over 9 thousand people.
Area of the land plot rented for construction - 25 hectares.
Planned total area of the project - 385 thousand sq. m.
Investor - General Contractor: TMM


AJM ultimate aim is to service the opportunities generated by Malaysia's rapid development, as the nation shifted its focus towards greater industrialisation.
AJM pioneered the concept of offering architecture and urban planning on a corporate scale. Over the years, AJM has built up a proven track record in architectural, town planning, urban design, landscaping and interior design projects in Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Vietnam, China, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and other countries.
The firm has also undertaken a wide range of urban development studies such as the Master Plans for key cities in Malaysia, including Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya and was primarily responsible for the planning of the satellite township of Subang Jaya.
Under the stewardship of Tan Sri Dato' Sri Ar. Hj Esa Bin Hj Mohamed, AJM today is a multi-disciplinary firm offering integrated planning, architectural and project management services to discerning clients throughout the world.


Queen`s Wharf will span 26 hectares — more than 10% of Brisbane`s CBD, or 12 football pitches — and will cost more than $3.6 billion. The project combined the restoration of existing historic buildings in innovative and innovative ways with new constructions. Nine listed buildings will be restored at the end of the project and each restoration has been carefully planned to complement the original architecture of the building. The latest episode of the CGC blog series, CGC Projects in Focus, will provide an overview and commentary on Queen`s Wharf Brisbane and the 2,000 jobs the project will create during construction. New details of the massive $3.6 billion Queen`s Wharf project have been revealed as the project consortium assures the public that progress is on track. Monday 16.


La Quinta Cove Public Restroom and Trailhead Improvement Project Update
Post Date:02/05/2020 1:35 PM
The Cove Restroom & Trailhead Improvement Project is underway. Below is information on each project. These improvements are expected to be completed by Spring 2020. For more information please call the City of La Quinta at 760.777.7048.
The Calle Tecate parking lot improvements will include: - Curb cut and concrete driveway;
- Forty parking spaces, to include two ADA accessible spaces;
- Public Works Department staff will clear and remove shrubs from the parking lot area and relocate boulders as necessary to create a border.
The Cove Public Restroom project entails:
- Installing a prefabricated restroom facility;
- Constructing an Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) compliant path and parking spaces;
- Installing a new trail entrance sign, seating, shade structure, and water fountain, adjacent to the parking lot at the Cove Trailhead.
We thank you in advance for your patience as we continue to improve our beautiful City.


The keystone xl pipeline project
Transcanada corp has enough customer interest to go forward with the keystone xl oil pipeline the keystone xl project has achieved several milestones that. About the project keystone xl is a proposed 36-inch-diameter crude oil pipeline, beginning in hardisty, alta and extending south to steele city, neb. Newly minted senate majority leader mitch mcconnell has made a vote on the keystone xl pipeline project a priority for the new congress. —the keystone xl pipleine project has been in the works since 2008, but it looked as if the last leg of it would never get built, after then-president. Eight days after nebraska regulators greenlighted the controversial keystone xl pipeline, rep keith ellison (d-minn) cautioned regulators in his. Opponents of transcanada corp's proposed keystone xl pipeline appealed a decision by nebraska regulators to approve a path for the project through the state, a lawyer.
Sweeping over 1,700 miles of pipeline, our experts are projecting the keystone xl pipeline to be the most advanced and safest pipeline in north america. The long-delayed project is a jobs generator to some and an ecological disaster to others ahead of a key senate vote, we revisit what the keystone xl. Developers of the keystone xl pipeline secured approval monday for the pipeline to run through nebraska, clearing a key hurdle in the years-long f. Nebraska to become battleground over fate of keystone xl pipeline environmental and property rights concerns about the project [the keystone xl pipeline.
The long delayed keystone xl pipeline project came a step closer to becoming a reality this week after the nebraska public service commission voted to. News about keystone xl commentary and archival information about the keystone pipeline from the new york times.
Nebraska regulators voted on monday to approve a route for transcanada corp's keystone xl pipeline through the state. Nebraska approved the keystone xl pipeline monday, eliminating a major hurdle to construction of a project that galvanized opposition across the country. In the nine years since keystone xl was first proposed it to see the $8bn project 30% chance the pipeline will be built for keystone xl to work. How a single pipeline project became the epicenter of an enormous environmental battle it would be the stop-start story of the keystone xl pipeline.
The keystone xl pipeline project
Pipe intended for the keystone xl pipeline at a storage yard near cushing but supporters of the project have long touted its economic benefits. The keystone xl pipeline, an $8 billion project that has attracted significant protest from environmental groups, has cleared a major regulatory hurdle on. Nebraska legislators will decide whether to approve the keystone xl pipeline route through the state the decision is the last big hurdle for the project (reuters.
Transcanada said today that it has sufficient commitments from oil shippers to proceed with its keystone xl pipeline across to the keystone xl project. Regulators voted on monday to approve the keystone xl pipeline route through the state, lifting the last big regulatory obstacle for the delayed project. The keystone xl oil pipeline suffered yet another setback tuesday as nebraska regulators rejected calls to reconsider the project's route through their state. The keystone xl pipeline is a hot button issue these days sorting fact from fiction shows that it's not the panacea that many believe it to be.
Phase iii was opened on 22 january 2014 the keystone xl pipeline project (phase iv) revised proposal in 2012 consists of a new 36-inch (910 mm. Final supplemental environmental impact statement executive summary keystone xl project table of contents the keystone xl pipeline (the proposed project. All the facts you need to know about the keystone xl pipeline extension the keystone xl pipeline and its politics, explained while the project’s sponsor. After trump’s revival of the keystone xl pipeline project, a law in south dakota could ban protests driving the us pipeline route keystone xl. Washington -- president barack obama will ask the state department not to approve the construction of the controversial keystone xl pipeline unless it ca. President trump's executive order will bring the keystone xl pipeline one step closer to reality but just how many jobs is this project likely to bring. Memorandum for the secretary of state the secretary of the army the secretary of the interior subject: construction of the keystone xl pipeline section 1 policy in.


Above all in the Rhineland in Central Germany, Krefeld native Heinz Bienefeld (1926–1995) designed and realized numerous ecclesiastical buildings and residential buildings over a period spanning some 40 years.
His buildings stand out for the precise profiling of their lines, exact connections between windows and brickwork and the harmonious laying of bricks. Bienefeld would create a large number of architecture sculptures that helped him develop his ideas for buildings. The exhibition presents selected buildings and projects in the form of a series of drawings, photographs and original models.
Deutsches Architekturmuseum (DAM)
+49 (0)69 212 38844
U: 1-3, 8 (Schweizer Platz) 4, 5 (Willy-Brandt-Platz) Tram: 15, 16 (Schweizer- / Gartenstraße) 11, 12, 14 (Willy-Brandt-Platz)
TUE 12 pm - 6 pm
WED-FRI 12 pm -8 pm
SAT-SUN 10 am - 6 pm
Municipal museum of the City of Frankfurt
Without a barrier
Restricted toilet wheelchair accessible
Free admission for children and young persons under 18