South Cambs District Council continues to make good on our promise to build new affordable homes. Following the 44 affordable-rent and shared-ownership properties completed in the past year, 91 council houses are currently being built across six sites, with a further 178 in the pipeline.
The Lib Dem council’s Lead Cabinet Member for Housing, Hazel Smith, said: “Our ambitious Business Plan pledges to double the number of energy-efficient council homes that are being built in South Cambridgeshire and it’s great to see that progress is already being made.”
Hazel, along with Fen Ditton and Fulbourn councillors Claire Daunton and John Williams, were pleased to help lay the first bricks of a new development of affordable homes on Balsham Road, Fulbourn in July.
The project will offer a mix of 14 one-bedroom apartments and two- and three- bedroom houses to people with a connection to the local area, to be allocated in conjunction with the council.
Due to be completed by spring 2020, the new homes have been designed to be in-keeping with their rural surroundings. They are also being built to high energy-efficiency standards using modern construction methods. They include photovoltaic panels and thermal building fabrics, which keep heat in during winter and out during summer.
Hazel said: “I was really pleased to go and lay some bricks as part of this valuable new development of homes that will be affordable for local people to live in. Helping deliver these types of homes is one of our top priorities. As a council we’ve worked hard to get all the parties together and bring these new homes forward. Importantly, these homes will be affordable to run, meaning their new occupants will be left with a little more money to live life and have fun. I’m very impressed with how quickly they are coming out of the ground and pleased that local people trying to get on the housing ladder will soon have this helping hand.”


To experience the Nexus firsthand, please complete the Nexus Field Trip Registration Request Form.
Faculty and students from the departments of Sustainable Technology & the Built Environment and Applied Design at ASU have built a 20 ft. by 30 ft. greenhouse including a small scale pyrolysis system, solar thermal heating system, compost heating system, an anaerobic digestion (AD) system, and aquaponics system using several grants including EPA funding and the NCDA&CS. This demonstration site, called “Nexus,” is located at the Watauga County Landfill, in Boone, NC. Faculty and students at ASU are experimenting with a synergistic approach to renewable energy and sustainable living.
The biomass greenhouse heating system utilizes all kinds of the feedstock typically available on a small farm, which can be an affordable greenhouse-heating energy source for those seeking lower energy costs. AD and compost generate energy from readily digestible materials and the pyrolysis system handles relatively indigestible biomass, such as wood scrap. Not only is heat energy produced but also high quality soil amendments, e.g., compost, digester slurry, and bio-char, which help increase productivity.
In other words, the Nexus is the sustainable closed-loop production system that uses agricultural wastes to generate energy to heat greenhouses and produce soil amendments. The proposed low-cost biomass greenhouse heating systems will help resource-limited farmers extend the growing season, benefiting: community by enhancing access to fresh local produce, farmers by increasing the income in cold season, and the local environment by avoiding fossil-fuel energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions normally associated with greenhouse heating and transportation of non-local produce.
Download this tri-fold brochure (PDF) for more information.
This project is generously supported by:


What is Water Flow Meter?
The volume of water flowing into a pipe is measured by a water flow meter. Depending on the water calculation application, maintenance needs, and budgetary constraints, there are many water flow meter systems to choose from. Each of these types of water flow meters has its operating theory, application advantages, and total cost of ownership.
Types of Flow Meters
Water flow meters are devices that are used to monitor how much water is consumed. It uses a variety of methods to determine the overall volume of water used by each outlet. These meters are placed at various locations to detect water leaks. While modern technology has resulted in multiple flow meters, the positive displacement meters are two of the most widely used meters? Compound meters are instruments that incorporate the characteristics of each of these meters. These instruments primarily employ a valve system that guides water flow through both meters, making it simple to receive readings from both.
1. Positive Displacement Meter
A small chamber contains a measured amount of water in these meters. The flow of water is measured and compared to the amount of liquid previously retained. The number of times the chamber is filled and drained is used to measure the fluid flow rate. These devices are often used in homes and apartments because they are suitable for calculating low flow rates.
2. Velocity Meters
These instruments calculate the volume of water flow by measuring the rate of the liquid flow. To monitor speed and decode data, these devices employ a variety of mechanisms. Ultrasonic, venture, multi-jet, electrical, orifice, propeller, and other meters are commonly used. Both of these instruments measure the velocity of the flow. It’s well-suited to high-flow environments, but it’s widely used in companies that deal with many liquids. Compared to analog meters, optical water flow meters gain a lot of traction in the new market. Since digital devices are reliable and precise, they are used in science and commercial fields. Optical flow meters use a variety of techniques and mechanisms. The two most popular types of digital instruments are magnetic flow devices and ultrasonic devices. The data on digital display devices is relatively simple to read. It’s also possible to link the data to the pipe systems’ valves and change the flow accordingly. The knowledge from the digital system is therefore readily accessible to the operators.
Major types of water flow meter
1. Turbine water flow meter
A turbine flow meter, the most popular and cheapest way to calculate water flow, measures the speed of water flowing through a pipe with a spinning turbine or piston, generally in the form of a propeller, shunt, or paddle wheel. The speed of the spinning blades determines the volumetric flow rate of the water. Unfortunately, in muddy or chunky water, such as process water, these meters will clog, increasing repair costs so for those applications.
2. Vortex water flow meter
Vortex water flow meters work by measuring the vortices generated by a sensor submerged in the flow. Vortices are natural forces that form as a fluid passes around an obstacle, such as water flowing through rock in a stream or wind passing through a flagpole. In a vortex meter, a sensor tab flexes from side to side as each vortex passes by. The volumetric flow rate is directly proportional to the frequency output. With a single process link, multivariable vortex flowmeters can calculate up to five process variables: volumetric flow rate, mass flow, density, pressure, and temperature. Since they can be placed into the flow by hot tapping with a retractor, insertion vortex meters, perform well on large pipes.
3. Water flow meter with ultrasonic technology
Ultrasonic water pressure meters measure volumetric flow by measuring the speed of a fluid flowing through a vessel. An ultrasonic pulse is sent downstream in the direction of the moving fluid in a transit-time ultrasonic liquid flow meter. Then, upstream, another signal is sent toward the moving fluid. The time it takes for the sonic pulse to travel downstream is equivalent to the time it takes for the call to travel upstream in its most simplistic form. The velocity of the moving fluid is then calculated using the differential time. The meter then calculates the volumetric flow rate in the pipe using this fluid velocity. The volumetric flow rate and the temperature difference between the hot and cold legs can also calculate BTU capacity. Clamp-on ultrasonic meters fire sound waves into the pipe walls to track water pressure from the outside, making them suitable for measuring water flow in large pipelines for many applications.
4. Electromagnetic water flow meter
Finally, electric water flow meters calculate flow using a magnetic field and Faraday’s law of induction. A charge is generated by liquid passing through a magnetic field. As a result, as the fluid moves further, it generates more voltage, equal to the water’s movement. The voltage is then converted into a flow rate by the flow meter. Since magnetic water flow meters aren’t accurate, they can’t be used to move custody. They can’t count ions in plain water, so they can only be considered water movement meters with a certification. Depending on the manufacturer, there might be a bewildering array of liners to choose from. Chemical compatibility, flow velocity, and possible abrasion is all factors to consider in your application. As a result, this knowledge will play a role in determining the right liner for your submission.
5. Electromagnetic process flow meter
Since chunky liquids can clog turbine or vortex flow meters, electromagnetic flow meters are ideal for measuring process water flow. Keep in mind that the process water dictates the equipment you use. Any chemicals will harm your flow meter, reducing its lifetime. You’ll need a Teflon liner to resist corrosion if the process water contains chemicals. If everything fails, use polyurethane or rigid rubber liners.
The best kind of water flow meter depends on the application; different flow meters perform well for various tasks. To find the best Sierra flow calculation product for your water and liquid flow use, watch videos, read white papers, and use selection software. Since certain flowmeters perform better than others, the application specifics decide the best water flow meter type. Making an educated decision will save you a lot of time and resources, so don’t hesitate to contact us if you’re still unsure.


Below is a list of the activities and services that P.C. Project is able to provide:
The activities are carried out with the aid of software, validated, to support the design such as:
The direction of the activities is managed through a careful and efficient quality system, certified according to ISO 9001/2015, constantly verified by RINA spa
From the idea, to the feasibility check, passing through the detailed and executive engineering, construction management, testing, the maintenance plan.
PC Project is able to provide integrated engineering services, such as:
The constant updating, regulatory, technological, attention to the issues of safety, efficiency, costs and environmental sustainability complete the character of our team.
The engineering services are aimed at deciding on an investment, making it, testing it, maintaining it, managing it in the best possible way.


Visionary City Leadership
The city of Lancaster is a visionary, forward-thinking community that raises the bar for development excellence for the benefit of its citizens. With the approval of the Mills Branch District in November, 2004, the city of Lancaster joined an elite list of progressive cities nationwide to embrace the concepts of New Urbanism.
Mills Branch is the first and only neighborhood district in the Best Southwest area of Southern Dallas County to be designed and zoned for Smart Growth, to encourage sustainable new neighborhoods and to provider a higher level of quality and diverse housing and neighborhood design.
Mills Branch is the result of a successful public-private partnership with a vision to create sustainable neighborhoods for future generations to enjoy. Guided by urban planning experts, the Mills Branch District was created through the use of established town-making principles and a market-based focus to achieve an attractive mixed-use development, from housing mix, street types, building types, frontage standards, architectural design guidelines and building materials to requirements for open space, streetscapes, tree types and tree preservation.


Ruhl Builds is a one stop shop for work on your home. We have something to offer for all stages of home renovation and construction. From concept to construction Ruhl Builds has you covered.
David Ruhl is a licenced professional engineer with a background in building science, building restoration, and construction management. Before forming Ruhl Builds, he worked as a building restoration consultant and later as general manager of a specialty civil contracting firm. Now he wants to share his experience, knowledge and passion with you.
Ruhl Builds wants to get residential construction right. To us, this means approaching projects with the following notions:
- All projects are unique and deserving of focused attention;
- Project stakeholders need to be understood, respected, and informed;
- Pricing needs to be fair and transparent.
We respect the personal nature of working on your home and want to partner with you to make sure that you get what you want.
Tell us about your project. We are ready to help.


Principal Engineer & Owner
Andrew was born in the great state of Alaska and grew up along the Columbia River in northwest Oregon. After graduating from Clatskanie High School, he received a Mechanical Engineering degree from Oregon State University and later became licensed in the structural branch of Civil Engineering. Realizing the value of working within his own rural community, he started Lower Columbia Engineering in 2001. He takes a practical approach to design that finds the balance between regulatory requirements and common sense. Andrew understands the complex requirements for design, planning, and permitting in various jurisdictions. He holds licenses in Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Alaska, and California. When not at work, Andrew prefers to be in the mountains or on a river with family and friends.


[No. 1] Artificial turf fields should be included in the definition of the term “impervious surface.” SynTurf.org, Newton, Mass. 31 December 2021. In this article we explore the reasons why artificial turf fields should be classified as “impervious” as a matter of definition of the term “impervious surface/structure” as well as the functional equivalent of such structures even though to the naked eye the field seems permeable. The geographical context of this article is Massachusetts, but discussion has a global message.
Why get worked up about impervious surfaces to begin with? Well, when rainwater washes over impervious surfaces such as rooftops, parking lots, and roads, it collects and carries pollutants that ultimately flow into waterways. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, “[s]tormwater runoff is a major contributor to water pollution …. Smart growth strategies can help to reduce the impact of new development on stormwater runoff by preserving open spaces and focusing new construction in developed areas, which reduces the amount of new impervious surface per unit of development.” [Fn 1].
Because of the characteristics of the materials used in impervious surfaces – and other factors such as compaction of otherwise pervious materials – impervious surfaces tend to heat up and contribute to the heat island effect. According to the EPA, unlike trees, vegetation, and water bodies that tend to cool the air, “[h]ard, dry surfaces in urban areas – such as roofs, sidewalks, roads, buildings, and parking lots … contribute to higher temperatures.” For example, according to the EPA, “[o]n a warm day with a temperature of 91°F, conventional roofing materials may reach as high as 60°F warmer than air temperatures. Surface heat islands tend to be most intense during the day when the sun is shining.” [Fn 2]. These structures and surfaces where they are highly concentrated and greenery is limited they become “islands” of higher temperatures, hence the term “heat island.” [Fn 3]. Heat islands increase energy consumption, increase emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases, compromise human health and comfort, and impair water quality. [Fn 4]. Heat islands contribute to climate change. [Fn 5].
Statutory framework for mitigating damage to the environment. The Massachusetts Environmental Policy Act (MEPA) requires that all authorities of the state review, evaluate, and determine the impact on the natural environment of all works, projects or activities conducted by them and shall use all practicable means and measures to minimize damage to the environment. The statute defines “damage to the environment” as “any destruction, damage or impairment, actual or probable,” to any natural resource. In considering and issuing permits, licenses and other administrative approvals and decisions, the respective authority is required to consider reasonably foreseeable climate change impacts, including additional greenhouse gas emissions, and effects, such as predicted sea level rise. The statute applies also to an agency, department, board, commission or authority of any of the state’s political subdivision – that means local and municipal entities as well. G.L. c. 30, §§61-62. Under the Code of Massachusetts Regulations, one of the thresholds that triggers mandatory review of a project is when the alteration to land creates 10 or more acres of impervious area. 301 CMR 11.03 (1) (a). Municipal zoning and stormwater management bylaws may require impervious surfaces associated with a project be even less than 10% of the total development area.
Definition of the term “impervious surface.” In Massachusetts, apparently, the only general definition for the term “impervious surface” appears in the state’s model groundwater protection regulations. It defines the term as “material, or structure on, above, or below the ground that does not allow precipitation or surface water runoff to penetrate into the soil.” [Fn 6]. In the next-door state of New Hampshire, the definition of “impervious surface” is baked into its Revised Statutes with examples of such surfaces: “[A]ny modified surface that cannot effectively absorb or infiltrate water. Examples of impervious surfaces include, but are not limited to, roofs, and unless designed to effectively absorb or infiltrate water, decks, patios, and paved, gravel, or crushed stone driveways, parking areas, and walkways.” [Fn 7].
For the sake of comparison, Belle Meade (Tennessee) defines the term as “those areas which prevent or impede the infiltration of stormwater into the soil as it entered in natural conditions prior to development. Common impervious areas include, but are not limited to, rooftops, sidewalks, walkways, patio areas, driveways, parking lots, storage areas, compacted gravel and soil surfaces, awnings and other fabric or plastic coverings. [Fn 8].
In Massachusetts, municipalities are left to their own devices when it comes to defining the term. In the Town of North Andover, for example, the term is defined as “Any material or structure on or above the ground that limits water infiltrating the underlying soil. Impervious surface includes, without limitation: roads, paved parking lots, sidewalks, sports courts and rooftops. Impervious surface also includes soils, gravel driveways, and similar surfaces with a runoff coefficient (Rational Method) greater than 85.”[Fn 9].
The Town of Mashpee defines the term as “[a]ny material or structure on or above the ground that prevents water infiltrating the underlying soil. Impervious surface includes without limitation roads, paved parking lots, sidewalks, and rooftops.” [Fn 10]. The town’s stormwater management program recognizes that “[t]he more impervious surface, the more stormwater runoff and therefore the greater impact to local water bodies. Clean stormwater runoff from natural areas is an important source of recharge to the groundwater; replenishing drinking water wells and supplying base flow to lakes, ponds, springs, brooks and wetlands.” [Fn 11].
Most significantly, the Town of Ashland defines the term as “Material or structure on, above, or below the ground that does not allow precipitation or surface water to penetrate directly into the soil.” [Fn 12]. On the other hand, the town’s Impervious Area Map describes impervious surfaces as “any surface that prevents or significantly impedes the infiltration of water into the underlying soil. This can include but is not limited to: roads, driveways, parking areas and other areas created using non-porous material; buildings, rooftops, structures, artificial turf and compacted gravel or soil.” [Fn 13].
Functional equivalent of an impervious surface/structure. The selling point of artificial turf fields is that the playing surface drains and dries fast, the reason being that the surface of the field (carpet) is permeable. Of course there are synthetic lawns and other synturf installations that result in runoffs because they rest on hardened surfaces like cement or are resting on compacted gravel or on soils with poor drainage. The discussion here is focused on artificial playing fields for sports, of the variety that involves an elaborate integrated system or structure, complete with a sophisticated drainage system and underdrain engineering. [Fn 4].
At first glance, it would appear as counter-intuitive to equate an artificial turf field with an impervious surface. For one thing, artificial turf is a surface that is permeable, meaning that water is supposed to passes through it. Yet, the term, as we have seen in some of the definitions above, including in Massachusetts, defines “impervious surface” as material, or structure on, above, or below the ground. In that sense, by definition, a synthetic turf field is a structure [Fn 15], with much of its cubic footage under the surface of the carpet and below grade (ground). Whether a synthetic turf field should be classified as impervious therefore depends on the answer to the question: To what extent does the field structure limit, significantly impede, or prevent water infiltrating into the underlying soil as it entered in natural conditions prior to installation of the field?
To appreciate the complexity involved in the engineering and construction of an artificial turf field structure/system, one may want to view the video of such fields being built:
- Base Construction for Synthetic Turf Sports Fields By Sunny Acres Sports Systems
The important takeaways from viewing the foregoing clips are (1) the use of gravel and other aggregates in the subgrade; the compaction of the various layers of stone and gravel; the laying down of “geotextile” or rubberized membranes; and the plumbing that ultimately transports water from the subsurface away from the field and possibly connect to the municipal drainage system.
In a recent decision of the Town of North Andover Planning Board, the board described the stormwater management system of the artificial turf field component of a project as follows: “Runoff from the synthetic turf field will collect in 8" perforated underdrain pipes and outlet to underground infiltration chambers. Overflow from some of the infiltration chambers will connect to the existing drainage systems.”[Fn 16].
In connection with the aforementioned project, the designers provided schematics that showed the structure of the proposed synthetic turf fields consisting of the following layers from bottom up: The compact sub-base is covered with non-woven geotextile fabric, followed by 8 inches of base (crushed) stone, topped by 2 inches of finishing (crushed) stone, followed by the carpet (turf) with tufting gauge of 3/8 inch fiber (filaments, plastic grass blades) to the height of 2.5 inches, topped with infill (crumb rubber pellets) primarily from truck tire grade. [Fn 17]. Another schematic showed the structure of the field underdrain system consisting of an 8-inch perforated pipe located above the geotextile covered subgrade and nestled in the 8-inch high layer of base stone. [Fn 18] and [Fn 19].
The idea of an underdrain is for the water that seeps through the carpet to collect in the perforated pipe and be transported away from the field into an open-air area detention area such as a bioretention pond or swale where the water is expected to infiltrate into the ground (and some of it evaporate). Or, the water is carried by the pipes away from the field to an underground retention or infiltration chamber where the water is expected to gradually infiltrate into the ground. Naturally, the infiltration of the water and the rate of it any milieu depends on the character of the soil and the level of the water table. The lack of an adequate drainage system is likely to destabilize the structure of the field, resulting in damage to the drainage system and the playing surface itself.
According to the Synthetic Turf Council, the artificial turf industry’s premier trade organization, the stormwater measurements for synthetic turf fields “are meant to control the transport of sediments, pollutants and other undesirable elements into stream, lakes or the potable water system. They are also intended to limit the strain on existing storm water systems caused by any addition of impervious surfaces in the environment. A synthetic turf surface acts just like an impervious surface, since the rain water it collects is most often redirected directly into the rain sewer system instead of being left to percolate into the soil.” [Fn 20]. For all intents and purposes it is this feature of synthetic turf fields that makes the artificial turf field functionally an impervious structure.
What heat has got to do with it? Due to the materials used in impervious surfaces/structures they tend to heat up to temperatures higher than the ambient air. It is no secret that artificial turf fields heat up. [Fn 21]. To illustrate, the measurements taken in late summer in 2007 at fields in eastern Massachusetts revealed that that synthetic turf field surfaces got considerably hotter than asphalt [Fn 22], among them the following:
1. Date & Time: August 3, 2007, 2PM
Location: Lincoln-Sudbury Regional High School
Weather: Hazy sun
Old synthetic turf field: 143
New synthetic turf field: 156
2. Date & Time: August 16, 2007, 11AM
Location: Waltham Veteran's Field
Weather: Hazy sun
Synthetic turf: 128
3. Date & Time: August 24, 2007, 1:30PM
Location: Greater New Bedford Vocational
Weather: High clouds, 20MPH wind
Synthetic turf: 136
4. Date & Time: August 28, 2007, 11:45 AM
Location: Sudbury Cutting Field
Weather: Partly cloudy
Synthetic turf: 140
5. Date & Time: September 20, 2007, 12 Noon,
Location: Wayland High School
Weather: Clear, calm
Synthetic turf: 142
The scientific basis for the heating up of synthetic turf fields is basic physics. Solar energy is the fundamental input causing temperature elevation in surfaces. Light energy is absorbed by the surface of the field which is made of plastic carpet blades (filaments made from polyethylene or polypropylene) usually in dark green, and infill consisting of crumb rubber or other material such as sand and thermoplastics. Solar reflectance, or albedo, is the percentage of solar energy reflected by a surface. The “cool” materials have a high solar reflectance – meaning they absorb and transfer less of the energy that reaches them. Albedo alone can significantly influence surface temperature, with the white stripe on the brick wall about 5 to 10°F (3-5°C) cooler than the surrounding, darker areas. Although solar reflectance is the most important property in determining a material’s contribution to urban heat islands, thermal emittance is also a part of the equation. Any surface exposed to radiant energy will get hotter until it reaches thermal equilibrium (i.e., it gives off as much heat as it receives). A material’s thermal emittance determines how much heat it will radiate per unit area at a given temperature, that is, how readily a surface gives up heat. When exposed to sunlight, a surface with high emittance will reach thermal equilibrium at a lower temperature than a surface with low emittance, because the high-emittance surface gives off its heat more readily.[Fn 23].
It has long been understood that surfaces made of concrete, brick, stone, tar, and asphalt used in buildings, sidewalks and roads, parking lots, other pavements and rooftops are among materials that absorb heat, retain it and then release it during radiation cooling (night) time thus contributing to the heat island effect. [Fn 24]. Synthetic turf fields (with plastic carpets and crumb rubber/sand infill) and rubberized playground surfaces (poured-in rubber) are in the same category of heat island material as concrete, asphalt and other surfaces associated with heat island effect. [Fn 25].
Most crumb rubber infill (made from used tires) is black, which we know from high school physics means they are excellent thermal radiation absorbers. Indeed, ground up tires, commonly called “crumb rubber,” contain large quantities of carbon black, which is the blackest substance known and absorbs radiation throughout the solar spectrum with high efficiency. We know from elementary physics that black surfaces will be efficient radiators of infrared energy just as they are efficient absorbers, and that the magnitude of energy radiated will be proportional to the temperature. In addition, crumb rubber infill contain great quantities of air space and rubber itself is a poor thermal conductor, making the layer of rubber infill an excellent thermal conduction insulator. [Fn 26].
Thermal energy is absorbed on the surface of the field but will not be dissipated into the mass of the field material. This allows temperatures to rise far higher than on other nearby black surfaces, such as asphalt. The asphalt mass absorbs the thermal energy and thus integrates the temperature rise over time, reducing it during the day but allowing it to remain high after the radiation input is removed at night. Temperatures on the rubber field surface, on the other hand, will drop almost immediately as solar input drops. [Fn 27].
In keeping with the requirements of the law of conservation of energy heat is obviously dissipated from the fields or the temperature would increase without bound. And just as obviously, all three thermal transport mechanisms – radiation, conduction, and convection – are involved in the cooling of synthetic turf fields. [Fn 28]. The conduction of thermal energy (heat) from the field occurs to the material beneath the surface, to the air immediately above it, and to whatever is in direct contact with the surface (in the case of playing fields, to the footwear and shoes of players). A major factor in allowing the surfaces of synthetic turf fields to reach temperature extremes is the much lower significance of conduction of energy to the material beneath the surface. Because conduction of heat from the fields to the air above it is a major cooling mechanism for the fields, conduction and convection are therefore also a major factor in warming of the air above and vicinity of the field. [Fn 29], [Fn 30].
The two major reasons for stormwater management is to prevent pollution of water resources and to protect the quantity and quality of groundwater. While mechanical aspects of artificial turf fields may keep effluents of various sizes out of the runoff, there is no separation of contaminants that are dissolved in the runoff. The leaching of substances of concern in the synthetic turf fields and micro-particulates of the same do adversely affect the quality of the water. At the same time, the underdrain system of the field carries the water away from the field where it naturally would have entered the soil, thereby reducing the quantity of the water available otherwise for groundwater recharge.
Conclusin. In view of synthetic turf fields sharing the same characteristics of impervious surfaces – that is, washing away pollutants, transporting runoff to municipal drainage systems, and registering higher-than-ambient temperatures – we ask: Shouldn’t synthetic turf fields be considered as impervious structures?
14. At this stage, it may be useful for the reader to consult Synthetic Turf Council’s “Guidelines for Synthetic Turf Base Systems” (February 2017) at page 2 (terminology) (pdf) to become acquainted with the jargon of the trade.
15. The term “structure” is defined as something made up of a number of parts that are held or put together in a particular way.” The American Heritage College Dictionary (3rd ed. 1993) at 1347.
16.Site Plan Review Special Permit (pdf) at Item No. 9 (emphasis added).
17.Schematic from Permitting Plans at page D-9 (pdf).
23. Expert Affidavit of Thomas Sciacca, dated 27 January 2020 (without Exhibits) (pdf), paras. 7-10.
24. Ibid., para. 11.
25. Ibid., para. 14.
26. Ibid., para 20.
27. Ibid., para 21.
28. Ibid., para 22.
29. Ibid., para 23.
30. For an excellent depiction of the relationship between artificial turf fields and heat island effect, see Affidavit of Camilo Perez Arrau, dated 22 April 2020 (with partial graphics), regarding “Surface temperature of synthetic and natural grass fields in North Andover Massachusetts (USA) as seen by the satellite Landsat 8 (August n19th, 2018 at 10:25am), dated 1 March 2020 (pdf).


My Favorite Quotes
Everything should be made as simple as possible but not simpler — Albert Einstein.
Science is an essentially anarchic enterprise: theoretical anarchism is more humanitarian and more likely to encourage progress than its law-and-order alternatives — Paul K. Feyerabend.
Physics is like sex: sure, it may give some practical results, but that's not why we do it — Richard P. Feynman.
Tension tests on fiber reinforced concrete
This post discusses the numerical simulations of tension testes on fiber reinforced concrete specimens. Figure (a) below shows experimental and numerical stress versus displacement curves for four different fiber volume fractions (Vf ): 0% (plain concrete), 2%, 3%, and 6%. The lattice discrete particle model is able to predict the increased strength and ductility due to the effect of fibers. The behavior gradually transitions from softening for plain concrete and low Vf , to hardening for high Vf . The numerical results are further investigated in Fig. (b), where contours of the mesoscale crack opening at the end of the simulations are reported for three fiber volume fractions. For plain concrete, the crack pattern is characterized by one localized crack that propagates from one side of the specimen towards the other. As fracture propagates, material outsidethe crack unloads as the overall load applied tothe specimen tends to zero. For the 2% Vf , there is still one main crack propagation, but the entire specimen features diffuse cracking and no unloading occurs. Absence of unloading outside the main crack is due to the fact that even though the overall behavior is softening, the stress versus displacement curve shows a non-zero residual stress associated with the fiber crack bridging effect. Finally, for the 6% Vf , the crack pattern is characterized by several branched cracks whose propagation is arrested by the effect of the fibers. No unloading occurs outside the main cracks since the overall behavior is strain-hardening and, up to a displacement of 0.5 mm (average nominal strain of 0.5 mm / 120 mm 0.42%), no reduction of the load carrying capacity can be observed.


|Gross cap rate:||9.49% (if fully occupied)|
|Property type:||Whole Building|
|No. of floors:||2|
|Location:||4-1-14 Higashi Motomachi, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo|
|Access:||16-minute from Kokubunji St. on JR Chuo Line|
|Year built:||1992||Floor plan:||1K x 10|
|Building area:||226.58m²||Land area:||194.84m²|
|Maintenance:||JPY / month||Zoning:||Residential|
|Building area ratio:||40%||Floor area ratio:||80%|
|Occupancy status:||9/10 occupied|
Note: Exterior repair work completed in December 2017; Exceeds limit of both building area ratio and FAR, which does not allow to reconstruct a building of the same size.
LIFE Design is happy to liaise with Japanese banks for property investment.


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ELASTOMERIC ROOF COATINGS
Elastomeric roof coatings put an end to the cycle of problems associated with flat roofs. It is a low cost and highly effective solution to property owners wanting to extend the life of their existing roof. Elastomeric roof coating provides additional benefits as well. Some benefits obtained from coating a roof are:
Reducing heat gain
Prevent water penetration
SILICONE ROOF COATINGS
Silicone is the go to material for flat roof coating. From leak protection to improved appearance, silicone roof coating is highly sustainable and could be the last roofing substrate you ever need. When you apply silicone roof coating, you get natural protection that is very strong and waterproof, giving superior protection for your roof no matter what the materials are made from. It is a great way to defend your existing roofing and its materials while repairing small damages.
Provides a waterproof seal and absorbs no moisture. This prevents mold and mildew from growing.
Maintains its original color in extreme UV exposure and prevents chalking or discoloration.
Doesn’t need to be reinforced with roof fabric, saving you time and money on installation.
You need less of it than most other flat roof coatings.
Can perform for 10-15 years, offering you total defense.
WHY PROSMART ROOF COATINGS?
ProSmart Painting is the company for your roof coating needs. You will get a top notch roof system that you can rely on and the highest quality customer service with each project. With skilled installation techniques and first-class customer service, ProSmart is the best in town.
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The Idaho Transportation Department is hosting an open house to provide information on the design work of the Idaho Highway 16 Corridor from 4–6:30 p.m. Oct. 30 at the Hampton Inn Suites by the Ford Idaho Center at 5750 E. Franklin Rd., according to a press release.
At the open house, visitors will have the opportunity to learn about the project, view and provide comments on design refinements, find out about next steps for the project and sign up for future updates and involvement opportunities.
ITD has spent the past year refining the conceptual design of the corridor, which begins at Interstate 84 west of McDermott Road and extends north to Idaho Highway 44. The corridor will be a limited access, high-speed expressway and serve as a critical north-south connection in the heart of the Treasure Valley.
Final design and construction of the highway is not currently funded, however, the Department is actively looking for ways to fund the corridor. In December, the Idaho Transportation Board approved $90.2 million, which will be used to purchase right of way to protect the highway from encroaching growth.


Betolar has developed a type of concrete that does not require cement. European standards must be amended to allow the use of alternative concrete solutions in construction.
The grey block looks just like regular concrete. It feels just as heavy and durable.
However, this construction material is fully cement-free and therefore more environmentally friendly than regular concrete. Geoprime is an innovative construction material where cement has been replaced with alternative binders sourced from industrial side streams such as fly ash, blast-furnace slag or tailings from the mining industry.
Geoprime has been developed by the Finnish company Betolar. Betolar aims to make construction more sustainable and environmentally friendly. The company’s objective is to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and the use of natural resources in construction while transforming industrial side streams into a sustainable business.
“It’s all about reducing emissions. Construction accounts for around 20 per cent of all CO2 emissions at the global level. The greatest individual source of emissions is the cement used in concrete production. Globally, cement production accounts for around 7 per cent of all CO2 emissions,” says Betolar’s Product Development Director Hassan Raad.
Replacing concrete would be challenging. As a convenient and durable construction material, concrete has proved itself as a solution to many societal issues. For example, concrete construction has improved the quality of low-income housing.
It is clear, therefore, that the need for this tried-and-tested construction material is unlikely to disappear. However, unless alternatives to cement are introduced, materials for concrete production may account for as much as 30 per cent of the world’s CO2 emissions by 2050.
“This cannot be allowed. This is why Betolar is focusing on new opportunities and product development, which has already produced positive results.”
Betolar is currently testing the viability of more exotic materials such as incinerated rice hulls, coconut husks and shrimp shells as replacements for cement.
Progress is hindered by standards requiring the use of cement
The greatest obstacle to the development of green concrete is posed by current standards and the requirements they set for concrete. According to the current European Standards, Betolar’s innovation cannot be classified as concrete. This is because there is no cement involved. According to the standards, concrete must contain a minimum of 5 per cent cement.
In construction, compliance with various standards is mandatory. Betolar is now attempting to influence the contents of a key European Standard, driving for concrete to be defined based on performance rather than the materials used. In this way, alternative materials could be used in concrete production as long as the characteristics of the end product fulfil the requirements set for concrete.
“A definition based on performance is the most straightforward path towards more environmentally friendly solutions. This would help us achieve carbon-neutral concrete production by 2035,” Raad says.
Review of the Construction Products Regulation focuses on environmental impacts
The EU Construction Products Regulation is currently under review by the Council, Parliament and Commission of the European Union. As a result of the review, updates to the harmonised construction product standards are expected.
“It is also clear that there will be increased focus on the environmental impacts of construction products. This will affect the contents of previously harmonised standards,” says Heikki Väänänen from the EU Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs.
According to Väänänen, a key impact of the green transition on harmonised standards is that environmental impact assessment will be consolidated into the standards.
“Given that the green transition will bring about entirely new products and technologies, a need for harmonised standards may arise in certain new areas,” Väänänen predicts.
It is also clear that there will be increased focus on the environmental impacts of construction products. This will affect the contents of previously harmonised standardsHeikki Väänänen, EU Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs
He goes on to point out that products are not directly governed by the Construction Products Regulation as such.
“The regulation provides construction product manufacturers with a framework for describing the performance of their products in a consistent manner. This way, end users can choose the product that best suits their needs.”
Participating in standardization allows Betolar to influence future standards and industry development
Construction standards play a crucial role, as they impact the quality, safety and energy management of construction. Standards are also key in boosting competition. They make products, structures and buildings comparable.
Standards also provide reassurance to consumers and the end users of products. When a product has been manufactured according to the relevant standards, it is safe and healthy to use.
It is beneficial for companies in the construction industry to participate in standardization. For example, Betolar is a participant in the standardization group for concrete, thereby influencing both the related standards and regulations. Participation has also helped Betolar in its development of marketable products.
“What has surprised us the most is the fact that these changes take such a long time. It can take several years for any changes to be implemented in a standard.”
Raad wishes that Europe would look to the rest of the world for direction. For example, both Australia and the United States are far ahead of us in defining concrete in terms of performance.
Around the world, there are buildings constructed as early as 70 years ago using cement-free concrete. Although such technology is not new, Betolar looks forward to commercialising its own solution.
Betolar is placing its bet on the green transition
Will Betolar’s drive for innovation be thwarted by the slow pace of progress? Definitely not, says Hassan Raad.
“We simply need to have faith in ourselves. We know that the green transition is happening, and that there is no choice but to implement more resource-savvy solutions.
Betolar is currently implementing a voluntary, manufacturer-specific approval process for prefabricated concrete products. These include paving stones and tiles, concrete pipes and other infrastructure products. The objective is to enter the European market with the products within a few years.


A grant award announced today puts the city of Spokane Valley $5 million closer to moving ahead with a long-awaited road-improvement effort.
Sen. Mike Padden, R-Spokane Valley, said the money will ultimately go toward constructing a railroad underpass where BNSF tracks now cross Pines Road (State Route 27). It also will contribute to the construction of a roundabout at the nearby intersection of Pines Road and Trent Avenue (State Route 290).
“These improvements are incredibly important to Spokane Valley and the surrounding region because they offer so many benefits: fewer collisions, less congestion, better emergency access, a boost to economic development and more,” said Padden, a member of the Senate Transportation Committee. “This grant is a big win because it provides the needed state match for federal funding. The grant now provides enough money for the project to begin.”
“Senator Padden’s efforts in Olympia were instrumental for Spokane Valley,” stated Spokane Valley Mayor Pam Haley. “This $5 million award from Washington state leverages $30 million of federal funds to deliver this important project. We look forward to working with all our project partners to begin construction as soon as possible.”
The $5 million grant was provided by the state Department of Transportation.
“We appreciate the help on this grant from the department’s Eastern Region office, especially Mike Gribner, the regional administrator for that office,” said Padden.
From a safety standpoint, Padden explained, the Pines Road-BNSF crossing ranks among the most serious road-rail “conflict” locations in Washington, as emergency vehicles can be delayed either by the rail crossing or the busy highway intersection. The same issues contribute to traffic congestion and have discouraged development of commercial property in the area.
Between freight and passenger trains, the BNSF crossing sees an estimated average of 67 train crossings daily, which can easily cause backups into the Pines Road-Trent Avenue intersection. The estimates are 2,400 vehicles delayed each day, due to the crossing being blocked for more than 3½ hours a day.
“Between the new underpass and the new roundabout, this will mean a huge improvement in the flow of traffic. Today’s announcement of funding puts it all one step closer to reality,” said Padden.


From the Main Shed 2; December
Progress on the new Clubhouse has taken some very big steps in the last couple of weeks. The piling has been completed, the archaeological monitoring has been completed and then the ring beam was prepared, cast and finished. The site tours this weekend will allow members to view the emerging building and we will also be holding some tours for local residents and members in the New Year.
Ring beam Reinforcing
The Concrete Pour
Evening out the concrete beam
Finished Ring Beam
The steel frame arrived late on Monday afternoon, was offloaded and then erection started almost immediately and completed by 5pm the next day.
Arrival of the Frame
View from Ferry Quay
Picture by David Mitchell
It is a very significant step to finally “get out of the ground” and just in time for the start of the Club’s centenary year.
You can now see the shape of the new building – it is big and bold and despite being so familiar with the proposed appearance from the Architect’s computer generated illustrations for so long, actually seeing the shape on the Quay and from the various vantage points around the village and Penryn River really brings it home. The next steps early in the new year will be to complete the concrete pad of the building and then erect the scaffolding on all sides, including in the river on the southern side to allow the roof to go on and the walling panels to start to be installed.
Roof profile emerging
Some Interior Angles
The Balcony, & Christmas Tree (sponsored by Blue Kite Ltd.)
Turning to some questions from interested members and village residents we have been asked how much local labour and Cornish companies are involved in the project and that is a real success story. Working with Fox Construction Services we have sought to use local companies as much as possible but only where financially competitive. So starting from Flushing itself, we have used a village owned concrete supplier and also a professional Interior Designer (more on that in the next edition). The vast majority of materials and contractors are all locally based apart from the steel frame which for cost reasons was fabricated in Dorset. So to date the demolition team, piling company, the excellent groundworks team and site manager are all from Cornwall as are the Project Managers, and the Archaeologist is from the Cornwall Archaeology Unit. From a sustainability perspective approximately 97% of material removed from site has either been re-used, recycled or used in the restoration of a local former mine site.
If you are interested in a guided site visit in the New Year – please contact me direct via email. We will be delighted to show you around a project that we hope you will all be proud of – we certainly are.


Road improvements and construction for a new cycle path for the local community have commenced at the intersection of Wilson Street and Burren Street out the front of our Newtown Centre. From Thursday 1st August 2019, there will be changes to the direction of traffic around the centre including the temporary implementation of ONE WAY streets.
Burren Street will become one way heading up to Wilson Street from Copeland Avenue.
Wilson Street will also become one way heading up to Queen Street from Burren Street.
Works at the intersection at Burren/Wilson Street intersection will finish by November however Wilson Street will also still be one way heading up to Queen Street from Burren Street due to continued works heading towards Queen Street. These works will go until March 2020.
Families are advised to leave early and allow extra time to get to their appointments at our Newtown Centre. During the period of construction, parking is also likely to be impacted.
We thank you for your understanding.


Parlington Hall :: The Estate :: Light Arch
The Bridge which spans Parlington Lane
The so called
Light Arch presumably takes its name in contrast to the tunnel lying some distance to the west on Parlington Lane, which is locally called
The Dark Arch, the road bridge was built to take traffic from the Hook Moor entrance on the Old Great North Road [Formally the A1, itself now superceded by the By-Pass which runs to the east of Aberford.]
The estate road runs from the old hall in a sweeping crescent heading to the east and crosses Parlington Lane at around the position of the site of the lost village of Parlington. The bridge pre-dates the
Dark Arch by perhaps 20-30 years, whereas on the earlier site I had suggested it might be of a similar age. However it was not featured in the canal and waggonway scheme drawn up for Sir Thomas Gascoigne by the engineer George Dixon in 1774, and as it would have had a significant impact on the construction of the canal it is safe to assume it did not exist. The old estate road which tracked the edge of the Deer Park, long since disused, was taken into consideration as can be seen by the
V shaped indent on the line of the canal south east of the hall, so that level of detail clearly indicates that had the road over the Light Arch existed it would have been shown on the plan.
1774 George Dixon Canal Plan
Considering Parlington village in the light of the proposed canal and the road over the Light Arch it seems reasonable to conclude these changes along with the considerable areas set aside for rearing race horses, alongside Parlington Lane, were the main drivers which occasioned the removal of the settlement.
The Roadway and the Hook Moor Lodges
The roadway over the Light Arch as noted in the first paragraph has two lodges at its entrance to the estate, these are attributed to the famous York Architect, John Carr (1723-1807). Assuming that Carr was indeed the architect of the lodges, we can speculate that the construction of the lodges and the bridge could have been around 1775-80, and it was perhaps he who designed the Ligh Arch, since the Lodges and roadway would have formed one project. Extending the logic further; was the roadway from Hook Moor designed to be the new main entrance to Parlington Hall, thus dispensing with the access from Parlington Lane, and laying the way for the later Dark Arch to hide the coal traffic from Garforth to Aberford which passed along the lane? Although not executed until after Sir Thomas died, it was commenced within two years, so was probably a project familiar to him, but undertaken by his successor Richard Oliver.
Dual Use of the Light Arch
Although built many years before the railway line the bridge was used for both rail and road traffic, that is horse drawn for both modes of transport, in the period until the line was mechanised in 1870. Thereafter to accommodate the steam trains the bridge arch was lifted by adding a new course of stonework beneath the springer course, identified in the picture below by the red outlines.
The arch must have been dismantled, rendering the roadway above unusable, the new stones added, which may have been brought to the location by the new steam train! Or at least the rail track would have enabled them to use it for transport powered by a horse, this may be the reason that the stones are three times the depth of the other courses in the bridge. It is easy to imagine a rail mounted derrick with men using ropes and pulleys to raise the stones to the required height. Thereafter a timber formwork would have been constructed to create a base to lay the arch roof stones in mortar. On completion the formwork would have been dismantled and the roadway above would have again been open to traffic. The date for this modification could have been early 1870, MW Mulciber being supplied on 1st August that year. By this time the main access to the estate had changed to the driveway from Cattle Lane in Aberford up through the Triumphal Arch and on to the Hall.
Since both rail and other traffic shared the use of the arch there must have been a deliberate use of the engine whistle as it neared the bridge to avoid a potential collision, this said the speed of the train, at around 12-15mph would not have posed the danger of today's high speed express trains, indeed the noise itself would have alerted road users to the trains arrival. However above, on the roadway, was for the exclusive use of the Gascoigne's and their visitors. Today the lane is a secluded and tranquil location, it is hard to imagine an old
Manning Wardle Saddle Back Engine's with the single carriage and coal trucks trundling down the line.
The kettle featured in the photograph was found near the arch and may well be the remnants of one used on the footplate of the engines. It still contains a large amount of scale on it's base.
Light Arch Page on the old site
Extra Parlington Links
Sharing & Feeds
To increase space for the Navigation Buttons, the graphic "Parlington Hall" at the head of the page is a link which will return you to the Home page. Or click Home here.
Archived Recent Additions
Site Sections [Old Site]
The new site adds considerably to the content about Parlington, but until the whole site has been redesigned some sections may be unavailable on the new site, to overcome this problem, you can visit any of the old pages by clicking on the icon below to show the original site navigation.


The Spiral Washer adopts inclination of 15°, under the water tub, three weir plates form the sediment pool, the screw head is immersed in this pool, the screw is driven by electric motor through reducer rotating continuously, the fresh water is feeding from porous plate at bottom of sediment pool, washed sand is discharged on the top side and delivered by belt conveyor.
Washing: The sand is feeding into the sediment pool from the feeding box, with the help of rotating screw blade, the sand is turning, rolling and grinding each other to eliminate impurity and water-air layer around sand to facilitate de-water. The fresh water rising current from the porous plate carries foreign matter to surface and overflow the weir plate, to finish washing processing.
Classifying: Material classifying is realized by overflowing the fine particle that does not meet the sandard requirements. The controlling method is adjusting height of overflowing weir and adjusting speed of screw.
Main Features of Spiral Washer :
1.Heavy duty, long service life and no quick-wear part
2.High washing, de-watering and classifying efficiency.
3.Economic and strong frame structure.
1) Reasonable structure, convenient maintenance, large processing capacity, small power consumption, high cleanliness.The novel sealing structure of the spiral stone washer, the whole sealing oil bath type transmission device and the adjustable overflow weir plate ensure that the series of products are durable, with good cleaning and dewatering effects, and the fine products are not disorderly.
2) The processing capacity is large, because the spiral sand washing machine sand washing principle is not to use a bucket to "catch", so its processing capacity has been greatly improved.
3)The higher energy utilization rate reduces the energy loss caused by the wheel bucket in the process of lifting, so that the energy can be better utilized.
4) Reduce the wear of some parts, spiral sand washing machine, do not need to increase the screen, so reduce the loss of the screen, prolong the life of the equipment.
5) The cleaning effect is better, spiral sand washing machine compared with wheel bucket type, the sand material after the turnover cleaning time and times more, better cleaning effect.
Base on years' experience and technology, Spiral sand washing machine is designed to provide bigger capacity and higher cleaning level than traditional ones. It is also called “stone washing machine” as its input materials size at most can be 30mm. Now it is widely used for cleaning materials in quarry, minerals, building materials, transportation, chemical industry, water conservancy and hydropower, cement mixture station and so on.
Spiral sand washer is a kind of efficient sand and gravel washing machine, which is widely used for sand and stone washing, gradation and impurities removing. Spiral sand washers are specifically to produce quality sand for construction, highways, railways, building materials, water and electricity industries and more.
Spiral sand washing machine can be divided into single spiral and double spiral washing machine, and with the features of power consumption, high cleanliness, good sealing structure, fully closed transmission device, adjustable weir plate ensure the durability of the product, good cleaning and dehydration effect, fine product stability and other characteristics.
* Inquiry and consulting support.
* Sample testing support.
* View our Factory.
* Training how to instal the machine, training how to use the machine.
* 24hours for technical Operation Guide and 4hours offer technical proposal for problem shooting.


Specialists In Replacing Water Mains Over 50 Meters Using Horizontal Drilling Technology
Are you looking for a reliable & efficient water mains replacement specialist to replace your water main with minimal disruption?
Using the latest horizontal drilling technology, ADI Water Mains Replacement can replace or install new water mains / utility ducting without causing excessive mess or disruption – keeping your remedial costs to a absolute minimum!
Our horizontal directional drilling equipment allows us to replace from 50 to 100 meters of water mains or ducting in a single day.
Horizontal Directional Drilling benefits from being the least impactful way to install or replace underground water mains pipes.
Horizontal Directional Drilling is most likely to be cost-effective on lengths of over 20 metres or more. Directional drilling uses a specialist drilling rig to drill a pilot hole with precision and then pull the pipe back through the pilot hole.
The perfect solution for saving your driveway, garden or any other landscaped area from the destructive process of installing a new water main with minimal mess.
Moling is the method most commonly used by water mains replacement contractors.
We provide moling services alongside our Horizontal directional drilling services.
Moling is most suited to lengths of less than 20 meters or non landscaped surfaces.
Moling uses a specialist piece of machinery (Mole) powered by a pneumatic drill to force its way through the ground creating a pathway in its wake for the installation of a new water mains.
Moling can be very messy, time consuming and can put areas out of use for long periods of time!
Trench Digging is the oldest method used for water mains replacement.
As the name suggests, it involves manually digging a narrow trench in the ground to enable the installation, inspection, and/or replacement of water mains pipes.
The process of digging a trench is highly disruptive and time consuming. Trenching is associated with high remedial costs for landscaped surfaces.
Trenching is best suited for new build sites, where surface displcement is not a cause for concern.
Trench Digging is most definitely messy, very time consuming and will definitely put areas out of use for long periods of time!
Why Choose ADI To Replace Your Water Main Supply Pipe
If you need a new water main installed or an aging supply supply pipe replaced then our dedicated mains replacement teams are ready to help.
Reasons for replacing or installing a new water main include poor water pressure, replacing a lead water main or a supplying water to a new building.
At ADI Leak Detection, water mains leak detection is the original service we provided and is an industry that we essentially created.
As a company who likes to be at the forefront of technology and innovation, we developed minimally invasive, intelligent-led processes to identify and locate the sources of leaks in water mains.
Yes, as the dangers of lead leaking into our water have become more widely understood, we regularly are employed to replace lead water mains.
Yes, this is another service that we offer to homeowners. Many people are under the mistaken impression that the water company is responsible for house water mains replacement, but their responsibility ends at the border of your property. We are often contacted by distressed homeowners in need of our assistance.
Once again, due to our excellent reputation within the industry, we regularly are called upon to replace commercial water supply pipes. This is why you can contact ADI Water Mains Replacement, safe in the knowledge that you will get a professional, reliable and cost-effective service.


Do you need to count with a professional engineering service for your construction project? Find out where to find the best engineering services in Bethal
At Infoisinfo we always work hard to be able to show you where to find the best products and services in Bethal whatever your needs are. As we care about your business and projects, this time we’ve prepared a list of the best engineering services in Bethal in case you need to hire a professional for engineering works. In our directory, you will be able to find different types of engineering services like electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, structural engineers or civil engineering companies for example.
If you want your project as successful as possible, you must count with the best professionals- like consulting structural engineers- to cover the tasks your current team is not able to properly cover and save time and money. The work of an engineer will provide your project with expertise solutions and great results.
For a wider view of the project and a much more efficient work, it is a good idea to hire an engineering contractor or consulting engineer firms. The greatest advantage of it lays in the fact that they count with professionals that work in all the different types of engineering fields so you don’t need to look for anybody else.
Tips on choosing a good engineering firm in Bethal
There are some keys you should to bear in mind when seeking engineering firms for your project.
- Choose based on quality rather than on prices. You need to understand that their work would provide long lasting results so it is more an investment than a purchase. Hiring the cheapest engineering services will more likely lead to failures in the future.
- Check whether they have relevant experience working in projects similar to yours as well as their certifications.
- Check their availability for the deadlines that your project requires.
- Take into account their location and also how much knowledge they have about the location of the project. Hiring engineering services near your project’s location will ease the communication and collaboration between both of you and thus, the achievement of satisfying results.
Contact details like phone numbers, websites or address are provided so you can easily get in touch with the top engineering firms in Bethal. In addition, you can have a look at comments and valuations from former clients.
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The 10 Best Engineering Companies in Bethal
1 - P D N A CONSULTING ENGINEERS - Bethal
23 Vuyisile Mini St. Bethal. Mpumalanga. 2309
2 - BETHAL INTERMEC - Bethal
9 1st St, Emzinoni. Bethal. Mpumalanga. 2310
3 - J A Scholtz En Pieterse Ingenieurswerke - Bethal
22 LOUIS TRICHARDT ST. Bethal. Mpumalanga. 2309
4 - N F C VUKA CC - Bethal
8 Vuyisile Mini St. Bethal. Mpumalanga. 2309
5 - DIBANANI (PTY) LTD - Bethal
34 Orchid Ave. Bethal. Mpumalanga. 2309
6 - Saccon - Bethal
3 Kocerasie Street. Bethal. Mpumalanga. 2309
7 - Izinqotho Engineering Services - Bethal
EH 99 THAMBEKWAYO STREET. Bethal. Mpumalanga. 2310
8 - Khandisa Consulting Engineers - Bethal
4 BETHAL OFFICE PARK. Bethal. Mpumalanga. 2309
9 - Nhlabathi Engineering And Services - Bethal
10a&b Anderson Street. Bethal. Mpumalanga. 2309
10 - VASTRAP INGENIEURSWERKE - Bethal
Kleynhans St. Bethal. Mpumalanga. 2309
STEINMULLER ENGINEERING SERVICES - Bethal
North Ave. Bethal. Mpumalanga. 2309
CLIFFORD & BERGH RAADGEWENDE INGENIEURS - Bethal
1846 Lakefield Ave. Bethal. Mpumalanga. 1846
GEAR-TECH T/A BETHAL GEAR & SPROCKET - Bethal
63 a Du Plooy St. Bethal. Mpumalanga. 2309
M Z C Consulting Engineers - Bethal
DU PLOOYSTREET 69. Bethal. Mpumalanga. 2310
Bethal Intermec - Bethal
276 STATION RD. Bethal. Mpumalanga. 2309
BLUE DIAMOND TRADING 122 - Bethal
8 BUNSI STREET MILAN PARK. Bethal. Mpumalanga. 2309
TURNKEY CIVILS - Bethal
15 Clercq St. Bethal. Mpumalanga. 2309
C EN F KONSTRUKSIE - Bethal
15 Clercq St. Bethal. Mpumalanga. 2309
Mthi Engineering - Bethal
1876 SEVENTH STREET. Bethal. Mpumalanga. 2310
SCHOLTZ JA AND PIETERSE INGENIEURSWERKE EDMS - Bethal
22 Louis Trichardt St. Bethal. Mpumalanga. 2309
Thinus Josef Engineers - Bethal
CLERCQSTRAAT 24A. Bethal. Mpumalanga. 2310
Supra Bel-services And Engineering Supplies - Bethal
Andersonstraat 11. Bethal. Mpumalanga. 2310


|NDOT Course Number||CON-250|
|Stanly Community College Course Number||SEF 300175|
|Course Content||Hours – 12 Online|
|Certification||This class is only an introduction and does not constitute a certification.|
|Prerequisites||This is Introduction to Asphalt Pavements, an internet version of the NCDOT QMS Introduction to Asphalt Pavements|
|Course Description||This course "introduces" the student to the asphalt paving practices, materials, and evaluation supplemented by attention to the student material.|
|Karen Kiker (firstname.lastname@example.org or |
704-991-0233) Please call or email to register.
2021 Schedule of Courses
- May 17 – July 12: Intro to Asphalt course offering
- August 02 - September 27: Intro to Asphalt course offering
- October 11 - December 06: Intro to Asphalt course offering
Registration costs are subject to change based on community college funding regulations and requirements.


Cutting structural steel is a vital component within the industry. Structural steel cutting is necessary in commercial applications as well as ought to just be done by specialists because of the requirement for both accuracy as well as effectiveness.
Various methods and tools exist for reducing structural steel and the sort of technique and tool picked depends on the details scenario. The methods differ from electronic industrial-purpose machinery to those including portable devices.
Abrasive High-Pressure Water Jets
Unpleasant high-pressure water jets are utilized for jobs in occupied buildings like health centers, hotels or office buildings. This is due to the fact that the water jet does not leave gas, dirt or slag as well as additionally does not create resonances that can harm sensitive equipment in the structure.
Due to the fact that it is so silent, the water jets produce less sound than plasma cutters or laser cutters. Cutting steel making use of rough high-pressure water jets involves high-pressure plunger pumps that push the water as well as little particles of a rough such as silica sand at a factor on the steel to develop a cut.
The rough high-pressure water jet can be managed and gotten used to reduce angles, contours or shapes right into architectural steel plates. The equipment of unpleasant high-pressure water jets uses small tools than can reduce architectural steel right into any kind of form regardless of the steel’s placement.
Use abrasive high-pressure water jets undersea where plasma cutters and laser cutters would not be efficient.
Plasma cutters are made use of to cut shapes out of structural steel. Plasma cutters uses a local cutting cone on a lantern that impacts either an inert gas or compressed air at high-pressure while an electrical arc turns the gas into plasma.
This plasma then melts the structural steel without leaving chips and steps at a speed permitting it to blow the melting steel away from the reducing factor.
Many hand-held plasma torches can puncture steel that is about 2 inches thick. For commercial applications, specific computer-controlled plasma torches can cut steel as much as about 12 inches thick.
Laser cutting are made use of for a lot of commercial manufacturing tasks. Laser cutting jobs by utilizing a high-power laser light beam to puncture the architectural steel, thus producing a beginning factor for the cut.
The high-power laser light beam melts the structural steel without bending, melting it away at the cutting factor and also leaving a great edge. Laser cutting entails different strategies such as thaw as well as blow as well as reactive cutting.
The thaw and also blow strategy is additionally called combination cutting and involves blowing liquified steel far from the reducing factor utilizing high-pressure gas. Read more techniques about structural steel from Structural Steel San Antonio thru the link.
In responsive cutting, the high-power laser beam must be used like an oxygen lantern to cut shapes out of steel plates. It must be noted that laser cutting is much more specific than mechanical reducing viewing as the laser can not plain during use.


TV reporter Adrian Pitches made something of a splash on Saturday, 19 May, when he visited Ruswarp to mark the start of the installation.
Adrian Pitches, environment correspondent for BBC Look North, broke the ground to get proceedings under way which will result in a generation of green energy powered by the River Esk.
Adrian Pitches, said:
I think the Esk Energy community co-operative is an excellent project – for nearly 100 people to club together and invest in green energy is very impressive.
Read more on The Guardian website.
Whilst there has been a slight delay to work starting on site, with the contractor now due on site on Monday 28th May, this hasn’t held up the launching of the updated Whitby Esk Energy website. The new website will enable us to keep everyone up-to-date with the construction phase and with generation once the turbine is commissioned.


In Chongqing, there will be no need to dig the road to maintain pipelines of public utilities like power, gas, and communications, instead it only needs to open an underground comprehensive pipeline corridor. According to Chongqing Juneng Construction Group, works for installing Chongqing’s first batch of underground extensive pipeline corridor pilot projects are expected to be completed in mid-July, and the project will be put into use in August.
Over recent years, an underground comprehensive pipeline corridor, also known as “common ditch,” is springing up all over the country faster and faster. Built underground, the corridor is a tunnel space that connects all kinds of pipelines like electricity, communications, gas, water supply, and drainage.
Compared with traditional ones, it not only allows centralized management and maintenance but also avoids repeated road digging for pipeline installation and solves many problems such as over dense overhead line networks and frequent pipeline accidents, thereby laying the foundations for future urban intelligent management.
One of Chongqing’s first batch of underground comprehensive pipeline corridor pilot projects is located beneath Nanyang Road, Dianjiang County. Up to 2,820 meters long, it adopts the rectangular section form with two compartments. One is the independent gas compartment and the other comprehensive compartment.
Constructed by Chongqing Juneng Construction Group Sichuan No.9 Company, the primary structure broke ground on May 7, 2018, and was accepted on December 5, 2019, and then interior pipeline installation works started.
“Based on local geographical features and pipeline function demands, we have set 67 working shafts, including 15 emergency exits, 15 blowing-in shafts, 16 blowing-out shafts, eight emplacement holes, and 13 branch shafts,” said Xiao Li, the Manager of the Project Department.
Since resuming work on February 24, the department has beefed up workers and optimized installation procedures to make up time lost due to the outbreak to speed up installation. At this rate, the installation of the whole project is expected to be completed by mid-July and put into use in August this year.
For any inquiries, please email firstname.lastname@example.org


Tenorio’s Construction has grown into one of the area’s strongest commercial concrete contractors by staying focused on the demands of our clients – by helping our clients solve their problems. Listening to them while working alongside them, we have responded with a service base that meets the level of their needs – whether the project calls for turnkey construction, pour and finish, pumping or rebar placement. Years of success doesn’t happen by coincidence. It takes dedication to being the best. Our customers depend on us to deliver jobs in tight timeframes, regardless of project size. When clients call, we listen. When they ask questions, we respond. When issues arise, we don’t offer excuses – instead we face them head on.
Commercial concrete can be broadly defined as concrete used to build or enhance business facilities, such as industrial buildings, warehouses, retail stores and even restaurants. Commercial concrete can be found nearly everywhere in a building, including the walls, floors, exterior walkways and pavements, and even the architectural details. When compared with residential concrete, commercial concrete usually has greater demands placed on it in terms of structural performance and durability. Commercial concrete floors and pavements often require a stronger concrete mix design and heavier reinforcement, such as post-tensioned slab construction.
Concrete has relatively high compressive strength, but significantly lower tensile strength. As a result,[further explanation needed] without compensating, concrete would almost always fail from tensile stresses – even when loaded in compression. The practical implication of this is that concrete elements subjected to tensile stresses must be reinforced with materials that are strong in tension (often steel). The elasticity of concrete is relatively constant at low stress levels but starts decreasing at higher stress levels as matrix cracking develops. Concrete has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion, and as it matures concrete shrinks. All concrete structures will crack to some extent, due to shrinkage and tension. Concrete which is subjected to long-duration forces is prone to creep. The density of concrete varies, but is around 2,400 kilograms per cubic metre (150 lb/cu ft).
Reinforced concrete is the most common form of concrete. The reinforcement is often steel, rebar (mesh, spiral, bars and other forms). Structural fibers of various materials are available. Concrete can also be prestressed (reducing tensile stress) using internal steel cables (tendons), allowing for beams or slabs with a longer span than is practical with reinforced concrete alone. Inspection of existing concrete structures can be non-destructive if carried out with equipment such as a Schmidt hammer, which is sometimes used to estimate relative concrete strengths in the field.


The Management Board of Agora S.A. informs that on December 18th, 2013 consortium AMS S.A. (AMS) - Ströer Polska Sp. z o.o. (Ströer) concluded a concession contract, with the capital city of Warsaw, represented by Public Transport Authority of Warsaw, for construction and utilization of bus shelters in Warsaw (Concession Contract).
The parties of the consortium AMS - Ströer decided that AMS, a subsidiary company of Agora S.A., shall accrue all the outlays related to the investment process, the maintenance cost related to bus shelters and future revenue from the utilization of bus shelters.
The subject of the Concession Contract is construction of 1,580 bus shelters in Warsaw. The investment process shall last 3 years and shall commence in 2014. The estimated cost of the bus shelter construction, according to the capital city of Warsaw, amounts to PLN 80 million.
According to the Concession Contract, not less than:
- 180 bus shelters shall be constructed in 2014,
- 720 bus shelters shall be constructed in 2015,
- 680 bus shelters shall be constructed in 2016.
The investment shall be financed from AMS' financial resources.
Legal basis: art. 154 of the Act on Trading in Financial Instruments of 29 July 2005 (Journal of Laws 2005 No. 183, item 1538).


Let us quote your next metal building project.
Post frame, post and beam, steel truss buildings, Arkansas and NW
Arkansas building contractors, builds metal buildings in Arkansas,
because we build horse barns, stalls, arenas and show facilities,
fully-customized living and residential buildings, houses, new home
construction affordable with low prices; very energy efficient. Thermax
insulation makes the AMKO building second to none in quality. Steel
truss, wood frame, customized metal buildings in Arkansas?
Fayetteville, Arkansas. Tulsa, Oklahoma, Springfield, Missouri,
Only the best goes into an AMKO metal building in Arkansas.
Because AMKO buildings have one of the best customer satisfaction
ratings, we know quality matters most to those building new homes or
buildings in NW Arkansas.
2004-2023 Myrick Construction, Inc.
Exclusive Manufacturers of AMKO Quality Metal Buildings™
Northwest Arkansas metal buildings; Arkansas, Missouri, Kansas, and
All Rights Reserved
and homes | living
quarters in NW Arkansas. Steel buildings in Arkansas, Missouri, Kansas,
and Oklahoma. AMKO buildings.Arkansas
Arkansas, steel structures are used for sport arenas and
recreation facilities as well as for commercial buildings, churches,
school houses and much more. Arkansas has a great wild life that is
appreciated by residents as well as tourists and seasonal dwellers.
With a steel building from Myrick Construction, Inc., you can create
your own cabin in no time. The time when steel buildings where ugly and
looked misplaced in many environments is long since gone. When you
purchase a steel building from Myrick Construction, Inc., you get to
choose between a wide range of different designs and exteriors. This
makes it possible for you to erect an affordable cabin that blends in
nicely with the scenery. Our cabins can be swiftly erected using a
minimum of equipment, which means that you will have your cabin up and
inhabitable in no time. Those living in the northwest Arkansas where
heavy snowfalls can occur can feel safe with a steel building, since
steel is a remarkably strong material. We only use reliable designs in
our steel structures and the raw material as well as the constructions
will always meet or exceed industry standards. Arkansas is also an
agricultural landscape with a growing season that exceeds 200 days in
the southeastern parts of the state. Steel buildings from Myrick
Construction, Inc., are appreciated by farmers all over America, and
Arkansas is certainly no exception. Our steel buildings will keep
grain, livestock and workers as well as equipment and vehicles safe
from the elements, during cold winters as well as hot summers.


How to Repair a Roof
The most important thing about maintaining a roof isn’t necessarily what it looks like—it’s how well it works. For starters, keeping your roof in good shape is one of those things you probably don’t think much about, but it does make a difference. You might even say that a roof is the heart of your home. If yours is damaged, you won’t feel comfortable inside because the temperature and humidity levels are different, and you could end up with leaks or mold problems. Plus, a leaky roof makes noise, too; it sounds like raindrops hitting the shingles.
Roofs are prone to wear and tear over time, and while some damage is normal, there are many things you can do to prevent major issues. If you see cracks or holes in the shingles, call Denver Roofers for help. We offer free estimates, and we will work within your budget.
Waterproofing is the first step in repairing a roof. Waterproofing is the best way to repair if you have a leaky roof. There are many different types of waterproofing materials out there, some of them being asphalt shingles, tar paper, fiberglass, and rubberized membranes. Asphalt shingles are the most popular type of roofing material due to their affordability and durability. However, they do not last forever and need to be replaced periodically. Tar paper is a cheap alternative to asphalt shingles; however, it does not last long either. Fiberglass is a great option if you want something durable and affordable. Rubberized membrane roofs are a newer type of roofing material that is becoming increasingly popular. These roofs are made of a thin rubber layer covering the entire roof surface. They are highly durable and resistant to water damage.
After waterproofing, patching is the second step in repairing a roof, and it is done after any major leaks have been fixed. Patching involves applying a small amount of sealer over the area where the leak occurred. Sealers prevent further moisture penetration and allow the roof to dry faster. Once the roof dries completely, a new piece of roofing material should be installed.
Repairs involve replacing damaged sections of the roof. When repairs are necessary, choose a roofing material that matches the existing roofing material. You may also consider installing flashing along the edges of the roof. Flashing helps keep rainwater away from the roof’s edge and prevents it from leaking inside.
Listed below are other options that can help you prevent damage to your home if your roof is damaged.
If you notice that your roof is seriously damaged, you must re-roof your home. There are many different types of roofs out there, including asphalt, metal, tile, slate, concrete, and wood. Each type of roof requires a specific method of repairing. For example, if you have a flat roof, then you would need to replace the old tiles with new ones. However, if you have a pitched roof, you just need to patch the existing tiles.
Shingles are the outermost layer of your roof. If you notice that they are cracked or broken, then you should replace them. You can do this yourself or hire a professional contractor to help you. Either way, you will need to remove the siding first before installing the new siding. Afterward, you will need to clean off the roof thoroughly. Then, you will need to lay down some tar paper and install new shingles.
Gutters & Downspouts
Gutters and downspouts are two parts of your roof system that collect rainwater and direct it away from your house. If you notice that these components are leaking, then you should fix them right away. You can either replace them entirely or simply repair them.
Chimneys are vents located at the top of your roof. These vents allow smoke and gases to escape from inside your home. If you notice that your chimney is damaged, then you should call a professional chimney repair company to assist you.
Gutter cleaning is the process of removing debris from your gutters. You should schedule gutter cleaning services if you notice that the gutters are clogged. Your local roofer may perform this service for you.
How Do You Fix A Leaking Roof?
Roof leaks happen all too frequently. They can cause damage to your home and lead to costly repairs. But fortunately, there are some things you can do to fix a leaking roof before it becomes a more significant issue. Here are some tips to help you avoid a leaky roof disaster.
Check for Water Damage
Before you begin fixing a leaking roof, make sure you check for water damage around the house. Look for wetness on walls, ceilings, floors, and furniture. If you find any, call a professional immediately so they can assess the situation and provide advice on how to prevent further damage.
Inspect the Roof
After you’ve checked for water damage, inspect the roof itself. Is there anything wrong with the shingles? Are there missing tiles? Does the flashing look damaged? These are just a few questions you should ask yourself when inspecting the roof.
Repair Damaged Flashing
Heavy rainstorms or high winds usually cause damaged flashing. When repairing a roof, repair the damaged areas first. Once the flashing is repaired, apply a waterproof sealant to the entire roof.
Shingles tend to wear out over time. As they become worn, they lose their ability to protect the roof from moisture. Replacing shingles is a quick and inexpensive solution to a leaking roof.
When Should Shingles Be Replaced?
Roof shingles have a lifespan of about 20 years. If you notice any cracks or holes in your roof shingles, it’s time to replace them. You may not even realize that your roof shingles need replacing until you look at the damage caused by heavy rainstorms or snowstorms.
If you’ve noticed that your roof shingling is starting to peel away from the surface of your roof, it’s probably time to replace them. Over time, the weather elements can cause your roof shingles to become brittle and crack. If you don’t get rid of these damaged roof shingles, water could leak inside your home.
You might think that replacing your roof shingles would cost you a lot of money, but if you do some research before making your decision, you’ll find that you can save money.
Your roof shingles play a big role in how attractive your house looks. If you want to ensure that your house always looks its best, you should consider replacing your roof shingles.
Replacing your roof shingles can help keep your home safe from extreme temperatures and harsh weather conditions. Your roof shingles are a barrier between your home and the outside world, keeping moisture and debris out while protecting your home from wind-driven rain.
A well-maintained roof adds value to your home. A roof that’s in good condition will last longer than a poorly maintained roof. That means you won’t have to spend much money fixing problems down the road.
The only way to ensure that your roof doesn’t require major repairs in the future is to replace your roof shingles now. Once you’ve replaced your roof shingles with new ones, you’ll never have to worry about having to fix a problem again.
Will a Roof Leak With Missing Shingles?
A roof leak is a serious problem. If not repaired properly, it could lead to water damage and mold problems. A leaking roof may cause major structural issues if left untreated. In addition, leaks can result in significant financial losses.
If you have noticed a small amount of water dripping down your roof, you might consider having a professional look at it first. However, you should immediately contact a professional if you have seen significant water leaking through your roof.
Missing shingles are often caused by various factors, including age, weather conditions, and improper maintenance. Just because your roof is still intact doesn’t mean you should not worry about missing shingles.
How Long Will Roof Repairs Last?
Roof repairs can last anywhere from 1 month to 5 years, depending on the type of damage and how much work was done. If you have a leaky roof, you may want to repair it immediately. However, if you don’t notice any leaks, you might not need to do anything immediately.
A good rule of thumb is to check the roof once per year. You can use a ladder to look at the shingles and ensure they aren’t peeling off or missing. If you find any problems, you’ll know what must be fixed before winter hits.
When looking at the roof, you’ll want to pay attention to the flashing around the chimney. Make sure it’s properly sealed and doesn’t have gaps where water could seep in. Also, take note of any loose tiles or damaged shingles. These things can lead to bigger issues down the road.
Once you’ve checked out the roof, you’ll probably want to call in a professional to inspect it. They’ll be able to tell you whether or not it’s safe to go outside again and give you some tips on how to prevent future problems.
If you’re unsure about the condition of your roof, then you can always hire a roofer to help you figure it out. They’ll be able to tell you if you need to replace the entire thing or just fix certain parts. Either way, you’ll be glad you called them in!
When to Call a Pro
Roof repairs are often complicated and require specialized knowledge. For example, some roofs use metal flashing to seal seams where shingle tabs meet. This type of repair requires special tools and skills. In addition, there are many different types of roofs, including flat roofs, pitched roofs, and hip roofs. Each type requires unique expertise. A homeowner might attempt to do it independently, but they could make costly mistakes.
Hiring a professional roofer is the best way to ensure a successful roof repair. Homeowners shouldn’t try to repair roofs themselves because of the danger involved. They should contact a professional at Denver Roofers. Our professionals know what materials are required and how to apply them properly. We also know how to maintain the integrity of the roof structure while repairing it.


The building and construction industry in Tasmania is busier than ever!
It’s going to be an intense decade for our industry. But this period of growth presents exciting opportunities for individuals, businesses, and local communities.
Working in the building and construction industry will reward you in ways you never imagined.
As an apprentice you’ll earn as you learn, and our industry offers some of the highest average wages for qualified tradespeople.
Like to be your own boss? This industry is for you! In Tasmania, approximately 75% of businesses in building and construction are ‘microbusinesses’ – sole traders or businesses with fewer than five employees. People with a strong work ethic and a desire to succeed are always welcome.
Already experienced and looking for a career change? Look no further! Building and construction offers many professional opportunities for those with transferrable skills. Project managers, site managers, contract administrators, estimators, designers, architects, engineers, land and building surveyors, HR managers, accountants… we need them all.
Want a satisfying career that builds community and creates a sustainable future? Building and construction is moving to the next level, with new technologies, materials and approaches shaping an exciting future for the industry. Be rewarded with interesting work at the forefront of new technology, and you’ll be proud knowing you’ve contributed to building a more sustainable Tasmania.


At McDonald Property Services we’re always digging somewhere, and that created the need for our underground utility locating service. You should always call Dig Safe before you dig! However, there are always additional underground utilities present that do not fall under the umbrella of the dig safe service. That’s where MPS comes in. We can locate and mark those utilities for you saving a costly and potentially dangerous utility strike while digging.
Underground Utility Locating Service
Striking a utility while digging can be dangerous and costly. Utilizing the latest equipment McDonald Property Services can locate those hidden underground utilities before you dig. Providing service to both residential and commercial customers across Franklin County and the St. Albans, VT area.
McDonald Property Services can locate and mark your water, propane, gas, communications, and electric lines. Contact us while in the planning phase of your project so we can locate and mark before you dig.
Private Utility Locating Service
Many homeowners have underground utility lines running throughout their property. These can be water lines, homeowner installed electrical lines to garages, barns, or outbuildings, communication lines, solar arrays, propane lines, and many other forms of buried lines. Over time, the exact location of these lines can slip your mind or simply not be passed along from one property owner to the next.
McDonald Property Services solves the problem of locating private underground utilities so that you don’t have to worry about the time, costs, and frustration of hitting one while you garden, or while a contractor works on your property. Contact us today to set up a Utility Locating Service for your property!
Did you know that McDonald Property Services also performs Drain Line Camera Services, Pipe locating, Drain Line Hydro Jetting, Drain Line Cable Auger Service, Excavation, and Trucking services? We can be your one source for all your property maintenance and improvement needs. Contact us today to discuss your next project!


Apartment with 2 bedrooms on the site of Tour & Taxis!
Apartment with 2 bedrooms located on the site of Tour & Taxis, on the trendy canal, good accessibility with the public transport and on walking distance of the North Station.
|Year of construction||2017|
The apartment of 89m² has an entrance hall, living room with open kitchen, storage room, 2 bedrooms, bathroom with bath/shower and separate toilet.
The kitchen is fully equipped and provided with high-quality material.
The apartment is energy efficient.
There is an underground basement. In the building is also a bicycle parking and room for baby wagons.
Possibility to rent a parking place.
Rented for €850.
EPB on demand.
UI: on demand
|Has the planning permit been awarded?||Not given|
|Latest urban destination?||Niet ingegeven|
|Parcel license?||Not given|
|Effective flood-prone?||Not given|
|Possibly flood-prone?||Not given|
|Staked floor area?||Not given|
|Demarcated shore zone?||Not given|
|Flooding risk zone?||Not given|


Many clients ask us what the best material is for their floors, however, there isn’t one material that’s the best, it’s all about how you maintain your floors. Coney Waffle at Pier Village in Long Branch, NJ recently hired Fundamental Cleaning to come in and take care of their concrete floors. Ice cream and various toppings would get ground into the floor’s wax surface making it difficult to clean without ripping up the wax. All concrete is porous, so we used a concrete densifier to fill it in and then polished it to a beautiful shine. By using the concrete densifier, the solution helps the concrete hold a polish and makes the surface less permeable to liquids so the floors do not need to be sealed.
Concrete floors are extremely versatile. Environmentally friendly techniques such as decorative staining, stamping, and polishing give you unlimited options from a design standpoint, and if installed properly, should never need to be replaced. Concrete floors are also green friendly and use sustainable materials as the main raw material for the cement in concrete is limestone which is the most abundant mineral on earth.
The durability and low maintenance needs of concrete flooring are also noteworthy as it costs about .15-20 cents per square foot a year to maintain a concrete floor, and a floor comprised of Vinyl Composition Tile can cost $1.20 or more per square foot a year to maintain.
Still not sure? These floors at Coney Waffle are sparkling like new and yours can too! Click for a quote today!