The Pioneer of drain field, cesspit and sand mound restoration and rejuvenation. Evaporation is important to the proper functioning of the leach field. However, if you have a septic tank, it's important that you ensure everything is working properly at all times. ! Periodically inspect outlet conduit and animal guards for proper functioning. Replacement extends the life of your septic system by removing the Biomat, but it doesn’t prevent more Biomat from forming. We can help your septic system work as intended, whatever the problem. I have a property in oregon which has an easement against an adjacent property for the drainlines in a septic system. Another way to improve soil drainage is to build up the soil where you are having the drainage issue or create a berm to redirect the water flow. You flush the toilet. Septic tank repair and installation. I was tilling a little patch of garden that was infested with weeds with a tiller I borrowed. Whether your drain field is blocked with roots, receiving more water than it can process or has been abused over time with lack of maintenance, we will work with you to find the best solution for your system issues. The leach field is in the middle of this back yard and we were wondering if we can bring in fill to make a more level yard. It is important to us that the homeowner is involved in all steps of the process. To fix your problem you will probably need to install a second leach field. If we retrace the water flow, as we did before, with the blue arrows, we see how the water is redirected sideways along the trench. All systems rely on the ability of the drain field soil to absorb water. The shower needed a good plunging (hair stuck in the drain from when the water wouldn't drain) and has been working perfectly since. It is the most comprehensive and trusted reference guide to best practices for the construction market accessible at any time, at any place, on any platform. SOLUTION: Repair all leaks. (3) The permitted spray field shall be covered with vegetation. How do you tell if your leach field or leach line is bad? My septic tank backed up and I had it pumped out. Roughly, a drain field will last around 20 years. The gravel acts like a filter, allowing water to sift down to the pipe while providing support for the soil. Leach field inspections are recommended every two years. This is the finished French drain, quite unspectacular, but very effective. The leach field for the greywater system was always seen as fitting best on the lower sandy area. He said that the tank was so full of grease that grease probably went thru the elbow and clogged the drain field and there was no hope but to put in a new. BIO-112 is the Perfect Septic SolutionTM! Due to its' exclusive proprietary formula, it is the only product on the market capable of restoring failing commercial or residential septic systems/drain-fields! Even stronger than before our new improved patented formula rapidly reverses drain-field failure without having to dig!. We can fix your Drain Field quickly & with minimal construction impact today! We are your Tampa Bay Drain Field Repair Experts! Book a service call. Before installing a French drain in your yard, you need to make a layout plan to mark the area of the yard in which the drain is to be installed. Dedicated to protecting the environment since 1947. Once bored, the probe delivers pressurized air into the soil and along the drain field wall. Drain Fields J' Home Drains ATU Systems Floor Drains vault Toilets Dump Slies Lagoons Seepage Ditches — Sewage Spills Grease Traps Septic Thnks — CessptÃjls Mounds Drain Fields / ATI. Replace the drain field. When it comes to septic systems the septic drain field (also called leach field) remains a mystery to many people. ” Though I haven’t faced this problem and am able to rename my earbuds permanently without any issue, I would recommend you to try out some of the viable solutions to get rid of this issue. More than one toilet or sink or shower or tub or appliance are backing up, in the same part of the home, but the rest of the drains in the home are working properly : A branch drain or vent line is clogged and needs to be cleared, probably with a drain snake or pressure device. It may also be relavent that the size of the neighbor's property does not allow for the drain field to be relocated on his own. This is why, once you start to notice something has gone wrong with this aspect of your septic system, it's essential that you get the problem taken care of as quickly as possible. These Android Lollipop tips also work with S6 edge and One M9. If you smell odors, notice water pooling on the drain field, or have backups into the home, there is a good chance you have a problem with the drain field. Eventually, the soils become contaminated surrounding the drain field system reducing its performance substantially. You May Be in Need of Septic Repair Services If…. This easy-to-use liquid is specifically formulated to aid in the rejuvenation of failed septic tank and cesspool drain fields. Septic drain fields, also called leach fields or leach drains, are subsurface wastewater disposal facilities used to remove contaminants and impurities from the liquid that emerges after anaerobic digestion in a septic tank. 26 per square foot*. They cannot solve a poor installation, high water table, poor percolation, or too small a field. How Does it Work? The 4 foot vaulted Infiltrator chambers replace traditional PVC pipe and crushed stone. Drain Tile Installation. At Champion Septic, our Jacksonville septic tank contractors have the knowledge, skill, and experience necessary to help you design and install a drain field that will work best for your system and your home. It’s been proven for more than 25 years around the world and more than a decade in Australia. Getting rid of sewer roots using RootX in your septic leach field or septic drain field is an important, safe, inexpensive measure to properly maintain your septic leach field system. This saves your lawn and landscaping from getting destroyed and can save you a lot of money. But EarthBuster can fix all of your septic problems, long-term, by de-compacting the absorption soil, breaking up the biomat and aerating your drain field safely and quickly. Septic Leach Field Repair or Replacement Septic systems are a very common method of wastewater disposal in rural areas that do not have the water infrastructure that cities and towns do. My tank went bad. Freezing prevention: Insulate components or add a heat source to your tank. Stuff happens–sometimes even when you buy a great faucet and install it correctly. 360 gal of water to dissipate and keep effluent from pooling on surface. Many seem to frown on this, but it's absolutely safe, and actually better for the environment than increasing the probability of allowing nitrogen and phosporus to leach from. Spotting the Drain Flies: This is a very simple way to identify the drain fly infested areas. If your house has a septic system, and thousands in Arizona do because they're not hooked up to a city sewer system, a leaking faucet could be flooding your drainfield. Step down septic installation drain field - Drainfield step down new installation for a new home. My friend did not know about the septic drain field until just recently and an easement for this use does not appear on his deed. The Terralift is a machine that bores a probe into the ground around septic system drain field lines. A French drain is a gravel-filled trench that slopes down toward a suitable exit point. Most drain field issues can be fixed, so have a septic repair professional inspect the system and its components to pinpoint the problem. The most trusted septic drain field installion services in undefined are on Porch. cut into corrugated drain pipe, how do I fix? First time home owner. You need to make sure that you check out the common problems first. For drain field services in Brandon FL, contact us at Brandon Septic. Is this correct and what are the possible courses of action to remedy this situation. It's usually formed by a rectangular trench featuring a series of pipes and gravel. Trees like ash have lots of shallow roots which can spread 100 yards from the trunk. Used to use clay 4" and 5" tile, and lay it 3-4' below the surface, depending on need and slope for flow. Fixing and preventing leach field wet spots is a practice that every smart home owner should observe. Replacing a bad septic leach field, using chambers. How to Fix a Clogged Toilet, 7 Options Plunger – A plunger might seem basic, but it is still the best way to unclog a toilet! Every household should have a plunger, and preferably a plunger with a flange, as these work the best to unclog toilets. frozen drain fields Hello I have a question for you I live in south dakota and my drain field has frozen up. How to Thaw a Frozen Septic Tank (and Keep it From Freezing Again) The water in a septic tanks rarely freezes. This is the part of the system that receives the pre-treated effluent from the septic tank. A French drain is a gravel-filled trench that slopes down toward a suitable exit point. The Repair Clinic troubleshooting system was designed to help you with small engine repair, starting with accurate diagnostics. It is important to us that the homeowner is involved in all steps of the process. After solids settle in the septic tank, the liquid wastewater (or effluent ) is discharged, either by gravity or pressure, to an absorption field, also known as a drainfield or leachfield (see diagram of septic system/drainfield layout ). The most common sign of drain field problem is your lawn becoming swampy and holding a sewage stench. Still, you may run into issues with the maturing Edge so we provide a list of possible problems and how to fix them. The secret to long life for your septic system is regular maintenance & needed repairs by Smith's Sanitary Septic Service of Hanover PA. Leach field replacement apothecarytea co leach field replacement ivi co when to repair or replace your septic tank system how septic tanks work poughkeepsie ny tank. Leach field draining issues can be caused by a number of factors including plugged lines, failing septic tanks, and settling. If the problem is with the line itself — either a root intrusion issue or a buildup of fats, oils and grease (FOGs) — the line can be repaired or replaced. , as a regular drain-field and should be protected in the same way. You have to examine why it failed in the first place. Drain fields immediately follow the septic tank in septic systems and can only accept liquid wastewater—nothing solid. To estimate costs for your project: 1. You can often repair your septic system problems without digging up your tank or drain field. My house has a septic system. Drain Fields J' Home Drains ATU Systems Floor Drains vault Toilets Dump Slies Lagoons Seepage Ditches — Sewage Spills Grease Traps Septic Thnks — CessptÃjls Mounds Drain Fields / ATI. The state of Florida has standard regulations that must be met when a drain field is constructed. Gave me the best price and availability for service. How To Repair A Septic Drain Field (Leach Field): For Drain Field Systems, add four gallons of Septic Drainer and 16 ounces of Bio-Septic Boost. Let’s have a look at the common reasons or the parts that malfunction and the solutions associated with it. Doing a DIY repair on your washer can save you money and it can also be easy with our guidance and helpful videos, read on to learn more. They just prolong fixing the underlying problem. Pump septic, probe for field lines, digging & laying new line, connecting septic tank with new line to existing drain field. Fear not, clean-handed folks, for we have the answer to how you can get greasy and smelly just like us!. In 1996, a technological breakthrough in septic drain field repair, called Terralift, was introduced to reduce compaction around septic drain fields without damaging your yard. It is perpetually wet and untillable. This foam should help break up any remaining debris and clear the drain. Drain Field Repair. A septic tank, the septic drain field, and the associated piping compose a complete septic system. " Alternatively, if your mouse is a universal serial bus (USB) plug-and-play device, skip this step and go directly to Step 7. Chemicals that pass through the leach field may become groundwater contaminants. Before you consider the expense of building a new system, it would be wise to have the existing system inspected and tested. With high local ground water levels due to above-normal rainfall last fall, many home septic systems have become waterlogged or temporarily flooded. It does not necessarily mean that the leach field has failed. This would require a new trench system be put in its place. However, if you have a finished basement, you’ll have to remove interior walls in order to install the system. Strongest NT-MAX bacteria and enzyme product in our arsenal. Alternatives to a new drain field. The drain field on your septic system is the part of the system most likely to fail. Tank Issues. The landscaping experts at HGTV. And this can be worse than drought. With high local ground water levels due to above-normal rainfall last fall, many home septic systems have become waterlogged or temporarily flooded. We can fix your Drain Field quickly & with minimal construction impact today! We are your Tampa Bay Drain Field Repair Experts! Book a service call. Is it Possible to "repair" a failed leach field of a septic system? All signs point to the fact that my leach field is saturated and has failed after 11 years. oxygen to survive, so the leach field area must drain adequately to stay aerated. At least, those headaches will seem minimal compared to this one: if your septic drain field is clogged, you need to replace the entire thing. My house has a septic system. Buddy and his helper were very professional. When you empty your kitchen sink, the sink water backs up into the toilet. Drainfields are installed using a variety of construction techniques. A septic tank is a large, watertight, corrosion-resistant, buried container that receives raw sewage from the plumbing drains of the home. Septic tanks last from 15 to 30 years. How to get the money to fix it. The concrete is definitely a no-no, in fact driving over the leach field will compact the soil making it unable to evaporate. The purpose of the ventilation pipe is to provide oxygen to the drain field where the aerobic bacteria live. Septic Tank Pump Out & Repair; cleaning, pumping, clean out, distribution box, drain field - Duration: 13:07. Septic Systems and High Water Tables By Tom Scherer, Irrigation and Water Resources Specialist, Home Septic Systems NDSU Extension Service. More than one toilet or sink or shower or tub or appliance are backing up, in the same part of the home, but the rest of the drains in the home are working properly : A branch drain or vent line is clogged and needs to be cleared, probably with a drain snake or pressure device. Never pour cooking oil or grease down the drain. Leachfield near me, drain field in Atlanta GA. Septic tank repair and installation. New leach field - and the typically $5-15/per LF for leach pipe installation really means nothing because different fields have different pipe spacing for different soils, generally if the field is "saturated" you either need a totally new leach field in an adjacent area for commonly $2,500 - $5,000, or significant (commonly up to 4-8 feet deep. When the leach field on your septic system fails, you'll know it. Tank Issues. If more than one drain is slow moving, gurgling, smells bad or has water backing up, you most likely have a main sewer clog. Do not soak. They all refer to the same thing- an open area for the water to go. The chambers are buried, locked end-to-end and capped with dome-shaped end plates to create a large half-tube structure. The Pirana® effluent carries them to the drain field where they aggressively consume the biological soil clogging biomat causing system failure. Most drain field issues can be fixed, so have a septic repair professional inspect the system and its components to pinpoint the problem. Then use the new field for a year or two. Help With a Saturated Leach Field Septic tank care 0 Carl Weaver The day may come when you step out on your front porch to retrieve your newspaper and find it floating in the middle of the yard, which has become a swampy marsh of septic water. The primary role of the leach field is to get rid of impurities that have already been "digested" by the septic tank. Stuff happens–sometimes even when you buy a great faucet and install it correctly. Your drain field is the unseen hero of your septic system. Measure the length of the trench and cut your corrugated drain pipe to that length. Infiltrator Systems Leach Fields. What are the proper ways of fixing and preventing drain field wet spots? To fix and prevent drain field wet spots, you have to know the root cause. This procedure will be costly and time-consuming. Called drain fields, leach fields, weeping beds and even cesspools, these drainage portions of your system can become clogged from normal every day use. CleanEarth Environmental Has found that not all drain field failures are caused from a bad septic tank or drain field. A drain field is used to eliminate and manage waste and impurities which come out of the water released from your septic tank. How to get my neighbor to move his drain field my neighbor drain field is on my prop. It was considered to place this leach field on. This may affect the landscaping of your yard, and you may have to replace sod and plants after the system is complete. Instead, use boiling water or a drain snake. A drain field or leach field should last between 30 to 50+ years. It is one of the primary rules in keeping a sanitary place to live in. This will provide a drain field for the hydrant. Well Sediment builds up over time and needs to be removed. However, the most common option today is a leach field, which may also be called a drain field, septic field, septic drain field, and a few other terms. cut into corrugated drain pipe, how do I fix? First time home owner. Trench drains are similar to gutters on a roof. It does not necessarily mean that the leach field has failed. Years and years before I purchased it, there was apparently a problem with the leach field, and the erstwhile owners rerouted to a new leach field. The soil acts as a filter and disinfectant by removing most of the pollutants and disease causing viruses and bacteria found in the effluent. How To Repair A Leaking Mansfield Toilet is a simple task that many people will not undertake because the design of the Mansfield flush valve is so different than many other toilets. Preventing clogging by maintenance and proper septic disposal use is the best approach. Our Services hold a 1 year limited warranty from the date of our Terralift process. When it comes to septic systems the septic drain field (also called leach field) remains a mystery to many people. Our new K-570 formulation builds on the success of our K-57. The leach field has trenches, lateral lines, and a distribution box that work together to distribute the treated effluent to the surrounding environment. At Lee Kirk & Sons Septic, our technicians are trained in top-of-the-line drain field repair. You can trust your friends at GA Septic to do the job right and at a fair price. The outlet pipe also called the drain field, moves out the preprocessed wastewater from the septic tank and spreads it evenly in the soil and watercourses. Septic Drain Field Repair & Drain Field Jetting Serving Vancouver WA | Portland OR. Our new K-570 formulation builds on the success of our K-57. If this occurs, you need to call the professional leach and drain field repair contractors at Simply Septic right away. It will eventually wash down into your leach lines and plug the soil pores into which your sewage leaches into the ground. Will muriatic acid clean a leach field? Unanswered Questions Norton found bloodhound. clog or damage the drain lines. Chemicals that pass through the leach field may become groundwater contaminants. Freezing prevention: Insulate components or add a heat source to your tank. The second you hear that alarm -- or the second you observe any of the other signs of a blocked drain field -- you need to contact Southern Septic and Lift Station Corp. The drain field is commonly abused because it is forgoten. We do pumpouts & cleanouts, fix broken pipes, rebuild failed drain fields & perform full inspections of aerobic tanks & baffles. While other problems to do with the plumbing can be fixed with relatively minor headaches, repairing the drain field can range from minor to very expensive repairs. It renders entire fields untillable. This repair works well for minor jobs, but can be unsightly and obvious if used on large patches. The most common solution for a failed septic system involved replacing the clogged drainfield and septic tank. How to diagnose a clogging failure of the septic drainfield - Septic Systems: How to Inspect the Soil Absorption System or Septic Drainfield for Evidence of Septic System Failure Septic Systems Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance-detailed how to information - an online textbook Detailed Guidance for Septic system testing, diagnosis, pumping, repair design, defects, alternatives, inspection. Like when tropical storms came through. Wastewater ponds on the surface and may even back up into your house if the system isn't repaired right away. A drain field is designed to allow liquid from the septic tank to absorb into the ground. Sometimes the location doesn't absorb water well and this means you cannot install or reinstall a drainage field in the soil there. The landscaping experts at HGTV. Drain relining keeps you in the clear long term. The swale was necessary because storm water was cutting gullies across the backyard. Spotting the Drain Flies: This is a very simple way to identify the drain fly infested areas. It is one of the primary rules in keeping a sanitary place to live in. You see, your home’s drain lines carry wastewater away from your home and are designed like a tree—the “trunk” is the main sewer line while the “branches” are smaller, secondary drain lines that connect to. Crawl Space Drain Systems. (An “as-built” drawing is a line drawing that accurately portrays the buildings on your property and is usually filed in your local land records. Leach Field Replacement Costs. Emergency Drain & Sewer Repair. Call us today for a efficient and reliable fix (407) 673-8700. 100% guaranteed to restore and unclog all failed septic systems. Sediments may also enter the pipes in the drain field or distribution box that may cause blockages. So Igot the tank pumped, how do I find out if my drain field is still working, I dont want to wait till the tank is full again I want to check the field now. In addition, drain water from the septic tank, and remove any debris from the pipelines of the field regularly. This way, you could save a few thousand dollars. The whole deal stems on me being able to build a rather large shop/garage complex. If these chemicals enter the tank, they can kill off the bacteria that separate and break down the waste, causing solids to get into the drain field pipes. We can get your septic system moving again in no time and at an affordable rate! If your drain field system is running poorly, don’t piddle around and try to band aid fix it. The old concrete septic tank has been a bit of trouble though the initial home inspection gave a green light to the system. See the average drain pipe repair cost. The Tool Station can also repair your tools up to maximum health. The leach field is in the middle of this back yard and we were wondering if we can bring in fill to make a more level yard. Roto-Rooter Heavy-Duty Septic Tank & Leach Field Treatment is an environmentally-friendly, non-toxic and safe-to-use solution. We specialize in the installation, repair, maintenance and inspection of conventional & alternative sewage disposal systems. Septic Drain fields, also Most commonly called Soil treatment area(STA), or the old term Leach Field. How To Use MOSFET – Beginner’s Tutorial Let’s talk about the basics of MOSFET and how to use them. Here are some tips on how to handle PVC repair. Tiling fields to drain them is a practice that has been done for years. This combination helps unclog the drain, but it will cause a strong foam to form. Gave me the best price and availability for service. So, that problem sticks around. Leach Line Saturation is actually a term used in the business - it means the flow of liquid into the soil is so slow due to plugging with sewage particulates, that the leach field perforated pipes or lines are full of liquid instead of the about half or less full they should be, which will fairly quickly cause backup in the tank and overflow from the tank and leach field. When this happens, sewage starts to seep upward making your lawn soft, muddy, or you might see pools of water. The septic drainfield also has the biggest influence on the septic system life expectancy. Lots of folks out there want to learn to fix cars, but don’t know how. At Lee Kirk & Sons Septic, our technicians are trained in top-of-the-line drain field repair. When you empty your bathtub, the water stops flowing and bubbles back at you or bubbles into the toilet. We know how to assess whether your drain field is functioning properly and the extent of the repair needed, if any. That appears to be maintenance of the plumbing, which is not the responsibility of the tenant. To estimate costs for your project: 1. Strongest NT-MAX bacteria and enzyme product in our arsenal. Start with a dry sink. When there is a build-up of biomat clogging up the drain field, it prevents liquid from being properly absorbed into the soil where the water is distributed by drain (leach) field lines. Within one week, the plastic lid had popped off my tank due to back-pressure; dismissing the ideal where using trained septic personnel ensures a snug fit when adapting to plastic tanks pieces. Too much moisture will cause the clay to stick to the roller. Start by entering a model number in the search field. If you have to make plumbing repairs around your home, it helps to understand your drain-waste-vent system (DWV). If you're a homeowner with a septic system, getting the news that your septic system's drain field is failing is just about the worst news possible. Plumbing systems can fail unexpectedly and cause substantial damage to your home. Leach Line Saturation is actually a term used in the business - it means the flow of liquid into the soil is so slow due to plugging with sewage particulates, that the leach field perforated pipes or lines are full of liquid instead of the about half or less full they should be, which will fairly quickly cause backup in the tank and overflow from the tank and leach field. The pipe/cable is attached to the back of the torpedo and it then dragged into the ground as the blade is pulled along. A contractor, with an "A" license, digs up the waste pipe between the house and septic tank, intercepts and re-routes to the sewer main taking the path of least resistance. When you turn on the faucet or flush the toilet, it's easy to disregard the path the water will take once it enters your drainage system. The fat pipes in your house make up the DWV, carrying wastewater to a city sewer line or your private sewer treatment facility (called a septic tank and field). Drain Fields J' Home Drains ATU Systems Floor Drains vault Toilets Dump Slies Lagoons Seepage Ditches — Sewage Spills Grease Traps Septic Thnks — CessptÃjls Mounds Drain Fields / ATI. 24 hour septic service, septic install, septic repair, 7 days a week, A Wesco Septic Service SR 9, Snohomish, WA (888)488-5588 also called leach fields or leach. Prior to using this product, you should always read the entire label including all cautions. These estimates are for BASIC work performed in serviceable conditions by qualified trade professionals using MID GRADE materials. Septic Systems and High Water Tables By Tom Scherer, Irrigation and Water Resources Specialist, Home Septic Systems NDSU Extension Service. Here's a site with most all systems so you can understand what you have after a plummer comes out. But you have to do it if you want to maximize its lifespan. But yes, i realize it is not the correct term to use. , Septic Tank, S. While the solids dissolve and break down in the tank, liquids flow from the tank and through pipes in the. What to Ask Before a Lakeland Septic Drain Field Repair. SEPTIC DRAIN FIELD REPAIR SERVICES. However, if you have a finished basement, you’ll have to remove interior walls in order to install the system. locating exact position of pipes in a septic leach field; Author: teg60 (CA) I am looking to purchase a property with a septic system. Call us at Clear Drain Cleaning and we can hydrojet your line safely, and video inspect it for damage at the same time. Using pavers, you have the possibility of crushing the leach pipes (or structure, depending on type of leach field). How do you tell if your leach field or leach line is bad? My septic tank backed up and I had it pumped out. they don't work for cheap. Building a septic drain field is time-consuming but pays off in the long run. Buddy answered all my curiosity questions and gave excellent future septic care advise. How To Use MOSFET – Beginner’s Tutorial Let’s talk about the basics of MOSFET and how to use them. Replace the drain field. Once the leach field is completely installed you have the option to turn it into a beautiful garden with non edibles or add mulch for beautification. If the top and bottom layers inside the tank grow so thick that they leave little space for water, grease and solid waste will slip into the drain field. The drain field typically consists of an arrangement of trenches containing perforated pipes and porous ma. EVERY septic system is different! How deep a tank is, how far from the house, etc. Leach field maintenance is important to prevent the need for leach field repair. Doing a DIY repair on your washer can save you money and it can also be easy with our guidance and helpful videos, read on to learn more. A number of options are available for home owners dealing with a failed leach line or leach field. The treated liquid effluent is commonly disposed in a septic drain field, which provides further treatment. Years and years before I purchased it, there was apparently a problem with the leach field, and the erstwhile owners rerouted to a new leach field. ) After a replacement system has been installed, a homeowner should switch back to the old drain field after two years, and then switch back and forth between the two systems annually. Although field drainage systems date back over 2000 years, they were first used in America in 1838. The average to repair or replace your septic tank and drainfield cost is $1,547. my thinking tells me it would be cheaper to fix any damage to the leech field manually than to hire tree removal folks. Lots of folks out there want to learn to fix cars, but don’t know how. PlanetDrugsDirect has served over 100000 customers in the US. This is the dirty water from your washing machine, dishwater or sink. Within three days, leach field odors from installation inspection test holes ceased and clear effluent existed in my septic tank. Most drain field issues can be fixed, so have a septic repair professional inspect the system and its components to pinpoint the problem. Often referred to simply as “Infiltrators,” the original plastic leach system remains the best-selling and most widely-used alternative to rock & pipe type drain field systems. You put in a couple. There are basically three ways to restore a failing drainfield. The septic tank's outlet is a 4" transport pipe that delivers effluent (liquid) to the conventional gravity drain field. Thanks for your input. We can't save them all, unfortunately, but as the original septic company in the Land O'Lakes area, we've resurrected quite a few. (1) The area upslope of the spray field shall be graded or bermed to divert upland drainage from the spray field site. Digging the trench is the hardest part, so give your french drain the best reliability by lining the trench with a good geo-textile fabric, (not cheap garden weed fabric), to let water in but keep soil out, then add pipe and clean stone. If it fails, replacement can be expensive. This is a deep trench in which a perforated drain pipe is laid which is then covered with gravel. ! Practice 203. 6 Oct 2019 Overheating isn't just a hassle; it damages your PlayStation 4. When considering what gravel to choose for your leach field, it's important to have an understanding of the role gravel plays within your septic system. (The old drain field can recover faster if a septic tank pumper can open the field and remove as much of the ponded wastewater as possible. It serves to remove contaminants from the liquid wastewater coming from your septic tank. Advertisement. It will eventually wash down into your leach lines and plug the soil pores into which your sewage leaches into the ground. This product works without harming surrounding trees, ground cover, or the natural bacterial content of the septic tank or cesspool. Drain field repair or replacement. Advantage Plumbing & Drain is proud to be recognized as a southwest Michigan plumbing leader, setting high standards in plumbing and repair methods. The swale was necessary because storm water was cutting gullies across the backyard. Drain Field Repair in Orlando - Got a mess? We're the best! If you have a problem with your drain field, it can be an unpleasant mess to clean and repair. A leach field should be laid out such that it will not interfere with a future sewer connection. Leach Field Repair Leach fields (commonly referred to as drain fields) are an important part of any septic system. Septic Tank Repair Stories Honey, The Septic Tank's Acting Up Again! (Page 2) Click Here for Previous Page. Companies can come to your home, and by inserting a camera into the perimeter drain, can see if the drain is functioning properly or if there are any potential problem areas. If your septic system is not working properly, you should investigate all parts of the system, including the pipes, tank, and drain field. In this blog post, We’ll be discussing French drains and drywells and how to install them correctly. Fast: 1 inch in 3 minutes (sandy soil). The drain field is also a complex part of your home's septic system; when a drain field is installed along with a septic tank, it has to undergo a series of tests. This easy-to-use liquid is specifically formulated to aid in the rejuvenation of failed septic tank and cesspool drain fields. Septic systems are not designed to protect ground water from the chemicals found in certain household products, particularly those used for auto mainte-nance and home repair. Cost to Install a Drain Line - Notes and General Information. How-To Unclog A Grey Water Drain Field , Clogged Drain Field , Roebic Leach & Drain field opener experiment , Affordable Ways To Unclog Septic And Drain Fields , Waste Water Treatment System Drain Field being installed in Karst Silt and Clay Loam , Fixing a leach field , This is why they call it grey water (video 1) , Directing Greywater to. We have been in business for over 50 years and have vast experience in septic system repairs, including drain field repair. Septic Drain Field Repair & Drain Field Jetting Serving Vancouver WA | Portland OR. How can I repair my failing drainfield? Drainfields typically fail because too much wastewater has been flushed into them, keeping them constantly saturated. Drainfield Restoration Services, Inc. I thought I had a map showing both the old and new fields, but now that I need such a map, I have discovered that I apparently don't. This moisture will help settle the loose materials and prepare the field to be rolled. Our new K-570 formulation builds on the success of our K-57.


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£15.00 - Non-MemberSustainability of the built environment requires multidisciplinary, international and interdisciplinary work over many decades using both technical and humanistic approaches. Sustainable development needs a living language that is readily understood by all people. It also calls for an ethical stance and, very often, the confidence to depart from the norm. Learn More
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£25.00 - Non-MemberClimate change is widely accepted as one of the greatest challenges facing the world today. Since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, governments and world leaders have committed to reducing the output of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases in massive amounts, having a profound effect on most industries and in the development of technology to meet this aim.
<i>A short guide to embodied carbon in building structures</i> provides essential guidance to structural engineers about how they can reduce the carbon footprint of structures, focusing mainly on embodied energy and carbon associated directly with the structure. Learn More


The most visible component of solar power plants is the solar panels on the roof or ground. It is also the most important part of the whole system. Well like most of the northern hemisphere, in the UK solar panels are placed facing south to get maximum sunlight. In the southern hemisphere of the Earth, the solar panels are placed facing north for the same reason. The tilt angle of the panels to the ground is calculated based on the latitude of that location and in most general scenarios; the tilt angle is the latitude degree of that location.
Well, to get the maximum out of the solar panels, design and system installation has to be perfect. From the tilt of your roof to the type of inverter you choose and install, it is all a play of efficiency. The solar panels do not convert all of the sunlight or photons of light to electricity or direct current, they have a particular efficiency of doing this. From the solar panels to wiring and Inverter to transmission or storage, the efficiency drops with each component.
Installation of solar panels is a process to be carried out by trained and professional installers but the person spending money on the solar generator should be aware of all the aspects of installation and working. So let us look at the process of installing solar panels or the whole solar photovoltaic system in the UK.
Get your location assessed is always recommended to get the location assessed by a certified surveyor to check the viability of a solar power plant at that location. For a typical UK home, an EPC assessment is carried out to rate the energy efficiency of the building. Here EPC stands for “energy performance certificate” and it is required to know the energy behaviour of the building.
To qualify for the latest SEG or smart export guarantee scheme, EPC is required.
Similarly, a solar surveyor can check the inclination of your roof, its orientation and do shade analysis. Based on these factors, solar PV system output can be assessed and a rough idea on savings from solar investment can be calculated. Also, the roof strength to bear solar PV system weight and electrical connections are checked to finalise the design and recommend amendments if required.
1. Finalise a solar system with detailed finances
For a layman, all the solar panels will look the same and work as same to generate electricity. All the components from solar panels to inverter and wiring etc are standard equipment with specific ratings and outputs. Now, solar PV system design based on specific location is calculated by a certified engineer whom we need to trust. It is the awareness and duty of the homeowner to get the details of the investment noted.
The person who is getting a solar power plant installed on the roof of his home should know the total investment and expected return from the investment. It is good if the solar power plant pays for itself within 5 years of installation. This will give at least 20 years of free electricity and reduced bills. The solar investment and return should be understood in detail to get the best results.
2. Define roof access
Most of the UK’s typical homes have slanted roofs and all do not have clear roof access. To install the solar structure on the roof, scaffoldings are installed first. These are temporary structures that are installed according to the requirement. Whole system installation can be made easy with proper scaffolding installation.
It is desirable to have access identified even after the solar system is installed on the roof. As the only maintenance required with solar panels is cleaning them for better efficiency, so reaching them is essential. So at the time of defining roof access for solar panel installation, it is advisable to also identify roof access to clean the solar panels. Safety of personnel working to install solar panels and of the person to clean solar panels should be a priority and setup should be adequately designed.
3. Installation of the mounting structure
The mounting structures vary in design depending on the placement of the power plant. For ground mount and flat roof locations, the mounting structure base is fixed with concrete. These flat surfaces give the ability to tilt the panel at a specific location for maximum sunlight exposure.
For tilted roofs of homes, the mounting structure frame is hooked with the rafters of the roof on which tiles or slates are fixed. The earlier survey is very important in the respect of ensuring the load-bearing capacity of the roof. If additional support is required to fix solar panels on domestic roofs, for which additional expense is required. Solar system installer or surveyor should figure this out as a priority. For industrial and commercial roofs with slanted metal sheets, the mounting structure is fixed with iron beams and roof sheets.
The strength of the roof, strength of the mounting structure, leakproof fixing of structure, the orientation of the structure and most importantly the angle of the mounting structure should be very adequate for successful solar installation.
4. Fix and connect panels on the mounting structure
Once the mounting structure is fixed to the roof or to the ground, the panels are fixed to it with clamps. The mounting structure holds the heavy panels at a particular inclination. Domestic solar panels weigh 15kg per sq. meter and add additional weight to the roof.
After fixing the solar panels to the mounting structure they are connected to each other to form an array of panels. They are wired to each other as per the design, which means the amount of current and voltage required from the solar panel is determined by how they are tied to each other. When panels are wired in series, the voltage of panels adds up and when they are wired in parallel, the current (amperage) adds up. The solar array of panels is connected in a way to get desired voltage and current values. The array of solar panels is basically an electrical circuit where panels are connected with specific connectors (like MC4) to each other in series and parallel connections.
Series connection: When +ve of one panel is connected to –ve of other
Parallel connection: When +ve of one panel is connected to +ve of other.
The circuit connection of the solar panels is under the panels and is not visible from the front of the solar panels.
5. Connect solar panels to the inverter
The inverter is the second most important component of the solar PV system after solar panels. The solar panels generate direct current or DC and we use AC or alternating current in our homes and offices etc. The DC from solar panels can directly power DC running appliances, which are seldom now. But solar panels can charge a battery directly with direct current, which we’ll discuss later.
So DC from solar panels is converted to AC with help of an inverter. The inverter is usually connected to an array of solar panels. The design of the system specifies the output from the solar array and adequate inverter for the same. The inverter connected to the solar array is called a string inverter with a running life of 10-15 years with possible extended warranties from some suppliers.
Another type of inverter is the micro-inverter which is placed with each solar panel. Where string inverter converts DC to AC of an array of solar panels, the micro inverter does that with each individual panel. The life of micro-inverter is around 25 years as that of solar panels and are much safe in system design too.
If a string inverter is connected to the solar array, it should be placed near the main electricity panel indoors. The inverter can be placed outdoors but should be in shade and away from direct sun. The electricity from the inverter is supplied to the transmission line of the house or is connected to the grid as required.
6. Connect the inverter to main electrical panel and grid
The inverter is connected to the main electrical panel to supply electricity to household appliances. If it is a grid-tie solar inverter, the AC electricity from the inverter is connected to the grid with help of circuit breakers.
In a UK household, the grid-tied solar inverter will satisfy the electrical demands of the household during the day and any excess electricity is supplied to the electricity grid the supplier. In UK Ofgem approved system and meter are installed to supply electricity to the grid.
It is essential in a grid-tie inverter solar power plant to match the frequency of the grid electricity to that of electricity supplied by the inverter for optimal operation. Also, the installer should install adequate circuit breakers to shut down the solar power plant or create islanding in case of a grid electricity outage.
7. Connect to batteries, if required
In case solar power is to be used at night, energy storage technologies like batteries are required. Solar panels are either connected to batteries with charge controllers or via the inverter. Additional electricity generated during the day can be saved in batteries and the same can be used at night.
This system is good for locations with no access to the electricity grid. Otherwise installing batteries with a grid connection is an expensive choice with additional space required to place batteries.
The inverter in case of excess electricity supplies direct current to the batteries where it is stored. At night or during very less sunlight, DC electricity from batteries is converter to AC with help of an inverter and supplied to household electrical loads.
8. Safety checks and MCS registration
After installing the complete system the installer does safety checks before starting or commissioning the power plant. All the plugs and connectors with their connections are thoroughly checked.
Also to avail of government benefits, a micro generation certificate is to be applied. As the solar power plant is registered, it can supply electricity to the electricity grid under the SEG scheme.
In the End
Solar panel installation in the UK is underway with great zeal and effort from citizens and the government. It is up to the installer to undertake each installation with great precision and design. From understating the site and specifications to guiding profitable solar panels and components and connecting it to make a long-lasting electricity generating system, the solar installers are the key.


Tender Action: During this stage the last elements of the project are finalised, including colours and materials. Once this is completed we will produce a complete set of drawings and specifications, that are sufficient for a builder to review and provide a detailed price for undertaking the construction of your project.
If required we can work with you to manage the tender process, arranging for a few builders to price the job, interview them and review their prices and relevant experience.
Contract Administration: We can also administer the building contract, through to the completion of the project. This involves holding meetings with the design team and builders, responding to queries, reviewing the on site works and certifying payments.


2 edition of Complete standards and specifications. found in the catalog.
Complete standards and specifications.
Powder Metallurgy Publications.
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1) Section references apply to the complete specification section consisting of the Standard Specification, Supplemental Specification, and Special Provision for the referenced section. 2. Sections up to and including Section are general specifications applicable to every contract unless specified as applicable under certain conditions. a. November Page F.1 New York State Standards and Specifications For Erosion and Sediment Control STATE POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM FOR CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES SAMPLE CONSTRUCTION SITE LOG BOOK Table of Contents I. Pre-Construction Meeting Documents Size: 30KB.
The following links will take you to comprehensive document containing all standard sheets for each section of the Road and Bridge Standards. The standards contained in these documents are the most recent version of each standard. These files may be printed to view the current edition of the Road and Bridge Standards. Complete Sections. Special Provisions Technical Advisories have been discontinued as of 08/06/ The publication schedule for the RSP Menu has been standardized and occurs in February, May, August, and November, approximately 14 days after the preceding Standards Committee meeting. The schedule of Standards Committee meetings, submittals, and distributions is.
Standard Specifications, Roads and Bridges, has been issued with the intent for use on all projects in which bids are received after November 1, This book has been prepared to provide a compilation of Standard. IDOT Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction Manual. IDOT forms are best viewed using Internet Explorer. If using Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox, right-click on the form link and select "Save link as " to download the form to your local drive.
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The 80+ volume Annual Book of ASTM Standards contains ASTM's 12,+ standards and is available in print and online formats. The volumes can be purchased individually, as a section (at a 25% discount) or as the complete 80+ volume set (at a 50% discount). Online volume subscriptions (HTML and PDF) are accessed via the ASTM Compass® platform.
FOREWORD This book has been prepared to provide a compilation of Standard Specifications for insertion by reference into Alabama Department of Transportation construction contracts.
U.S. Customary and Metric (SI) units of measurement are shown in this edition. Codes & Standards; Find Codes & Standard; Find a Standard. Find the Standard that applies to your industry and helps you promote safety, reliability, productivity, and efficiency, as it.
Standards. For specific types, the word “Standard” is used as an adje ctive, e.g., “Standard Test Method,” “Standard Specification,” “Standard Glossary,” or “Standard Guideline.” If you are a Working Group Chairman preparing a Standard or reviewing an existing Standard, you will find theFile Size: KB.
Book of Standards - for Highway & Incidental Structures The Book of Standards is maintained by Maryland Department of Transportation State Highway Administration (MDOT SHA)'s Office of Highway Development to provide Engineering Personnel and Contractors with a complete and up-to-date catalog of Standards for Highways, Incidental Structures and Traffic Control.
Handbook of Comparative World Steel Standards Preface This is the book I never wanted to write, but always wanted to own. As a metallurgical engineer and long time user of steel standards, author of the four CASTI Metals Complete standards and specifications.
book Books, and member of ASTM A01 and B02 standard committees, I knew all too well the many pitfalls and challenges of. TxDOT has established standards and specifications for the construction and maintenance of highways, streets and bridges.
Below are links to documents and important information for contractors and professional service providers. Standard Specifications Book (PDF) (DOCX) — Also available for purchase in two sizes: 6 x 9 in.; x 11 in.
IHS Markit is your source for US and international engineering and technical standards, specifications, codes, and training materials in hardcopy of PDF download. D&E Effective Date: July 8, Scheduled Review Date: July 8, STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR ROAD AND BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION 1.
POLICY It is the policy of the Department of Transportation to set standards for the performance of road and bridge construction. This policy affects the Division of Highways. Standardized special provisions (STSPs) Additional special provisions (ASPs) Bridge special provisions (BSPs) Related Information.
Subscribe to email updates. Order hard copies. Download the Standard Specifications. WisDOT Spec Archives. Michael Hall P.E., Standards Specifications Engineer. @ Standard Plans and Standard Specifications The use of the California Department of Transportation Standards is required to ensure that all transportation project contracts are clear, concise, correct, complete and in compliance with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA).
Complete Set. This volume set includes all volumes in each of the 15 sections of the Annual Book of ASTM complete set provides you all of ASTM's 12,+ standards addressing areas such as metals, petroleum, construction, rubber, the environment and more. Price for print reflects the ASTM discount for purchasing the entire set.
standard specifications division general requirements and covenants division earthwork division subgrade preparation, foundation courses, base courses, shoulder construction, and aggregate surfacing division lighting, signs, and traffic control division bituminous pavement division portland cement concrete pavements.
These Standard Specifications for the Construction of Roads and Bridges on Federal Highway Projects are issued primarily for constructing roads andbridges on Federal Highway projects under the direct administration of the Federal Highway Administration.
These specifications are cited as "FP" indicating "Federal Project. MaineDOT Standard Specifications (March Edition) After much stakeholder input, the Standard Spec book has been revised. Printed copies are available by calling the bid document sales department at ()or at their office located on the first floor of the MaineDOT Child Street building.
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Americas IHS [email protected] +1 Phone +1 File Size: KB. #N#Comparison 08 v 12 KY Standard Specs. #N#Complete KYTC Standard Specifications Spec Year: (9) #N# General Provisions #N# Earthwork #N# Aggregate Base Courses #N# Asphalt Pavements #N# PCC Pavement and Non-Structural Concrete Construction #N# Structures and Concrete New York State Standards and Specifications for Erosion and Sediment Control (Blue Book) Blue Book.
The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation announces the availability of the updated New York State Standards and Specifications for Erosion and Sediment Control (Blue Book), dated November, MnDOT Standard Specifications for Construction (PDF) The edition is effective for most projects let on or after Janu All project documents submitted for the Januletting, or later lettings, must be in accordance with the Spec Book.
ARCAT Specs are complete, accurate, and in the CSI 3-part and the Canadian CSC formats for building and construction professionals. Our building product and material specifications are free to view and download in DOC, RTF or Text. This section contains codes & standards for doing business with WSSC Water, including: When plotting design plans on drafting film (a.k.a.
mylar) for approval, the required sheet size is 22”x34” on 4 mil film (min). We also ask that you mirror the image.The Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction contain requirements setting out or relating to the method or manner of performing work or to the quantities and qualities of materials and labor for all FDOT contracts.
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Norsk Hydro Celebrates Kranselag Ceremony at SMART Park
April 24, 2023
In Norway, it's traditional to celebrate the installation of the final beam in a new building with a "kranselag" ceremony. Once the roof is installed, builders place a wreath or small tree at the top.
On Monday, April 10, 2023, Norsk Hydro held a kranselag ceremony at their new Cassopolis facility in SMART Park. Representatives of Hydro and MEC came together to celebrate, bringing the $150 commercial recycling facility ever closer to completion. The facility is expected to bring 70 new jobs and other economic opportunities to the Cass County area.
Construction is underway on the commercial entrance to the facility, which will connect to the park's industrial road that will run between Follett and Decatur. Utilities are being laid, rail work will commence this summer, and all infrastructure will be in place for Hydro to open this fall.
In consideration of the impact Hydro will have on the Cass community, steps are being taken to preserve the way of life so many residents treasure, including dark-sky compliance requirements and thorough developing covenants.


The 9,000-square-meter parking lot has a capacity for 290 vehicles
The parking lots have been rearranged and the spaces for coaches, motorhomes and vehicles for people with reduced mobility have been delimited and relocated
The Port Ainé resort is opening this winter season 2022-2023 the asphalting of the La Rabasta parking lot. The parking lot, of 9,000 square meters and with capacity for 290 vehicles, has a one-way access road of 6 meters wide that will allow the flow of users.
With this action, which began last season and now ends with the asphalting of these parking spaces, Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat improves the comfort of visitors to the Port Ainé station, which also has three other parking areas at elevation 2000, which together with the parking at elevation 1600, total about 1,240 spaces.
The work on the parking lot platform was carried out using bioengineering techniques to respect the environment as much as possible and ensure the integration of the project into the landscape. The area consists of two levels, making it compatible with the slope and gradient of the mountain. In the central part, the natural terrain of trees that separates the two levels of the parking lot was safeguarded.
In this space, 5 totem poles cut in wood have also been installed with recreations of the most representative fauna of the Alt Pirineu Natural Park. Work of the sculptor Aarón Pérez Silva, the sculptures have been created with the desire to take advantage of the trees that did not meet the requirements to be used for the containment of the walls or the delimitation of the railings.
A staircase has also been installed to connect the lower level of the La Rabasta parking lot with the Roní car park. In addition, skiers and snowboarders from the upper part of the La Rabasta parking lot will now be able to access the service area at elevation 2000 with their skis on.
An important action is also the rearrangement of the parking lots, with the delimitation and relocation of spaces for coaches, motor homes and vehicles for people with reduced mobility, which will allow a better and more comfortable access to the slopes. In this line, about 40 spaces have been allocated for motorhomes in two areas adjacent to the Roní parking lot and very close to the access stairs to the intermediate station of the Roní chairlift. There will also be parking spaces for coaches next to the area where the motorhomes will be located. The parking spaces for vehicles for people with reduced mobility in the La Font parking lot at elevation 2000 have been enlarged and redefined to guarantee better accessibility to the service area.
At elevation 1650, 2 electric recharging points have been installed to allow the charging of up to 4 vehicles.
Finally, the maintenance of the arrival road at elevation 2000 has been carried out, as well as the remodeling of the two curves before this elevation, which will improve accessibility to the station.


Here is a glossary of common roofing terms that may be useful as you select a tiny house roof.
30 lb felt This was the standard underlayment for quality metal roofing systems as well as other roofing materials and is still used but has been replaced in many areas by the newer synthetic underlayments.
Architectural Roofing Refers to metal roofing systems that are non-weightload bearing and must be installed over solid decking rather than battens or purlins. Also called “Non-Structural Systems”.
Architectural Shingles These fiberglass shingles consist of layers laminated together for added definition and texture.
Class A, B and C Fire Ratings Fire-resistance ratings established for roofing per ASTM and UL tests. These indicate the resistance of a roofing system to fires originating from sources outside the building. In many cases, the ratings are given on roof assemblies including underlayments.
Clip A fabricated metal component used to secure metal shingles or standing seam roofing to solid decking or other approved substrate.
Closed Valley A roof valley flashing that has an integral cover over the area where the roofing panels meet at the miter from adjoining roof planes. This valley carries water in hidden channels beneath the roof covering. In many cases, this cover creates a trap for debris such as leaves, ice, and snow to gather and clog the valley system, causing water to overflow underneath the roofing system
Coatings Below are descriptions of the available metal coatings used in the metal roofing industry:
- Kynar 500 and Hylar 5000. Trade names for polyvinylidene (PVDF) paint finishes that provide very strong longevity and durability including fade and chalk resistance that leads the coatings industry. Kynar 500 is produced by Arkema Chemicals, and Hylar 5000 is produced by Solvay Solexis.
- Stone Coating. Similar granules to composition shingles, but on a steel base, usually in a tile or shake profile. Can experience similar problems of streaking, granule loss, and organic growth as traditional composition shingles.
- Polyester. A solvent-based system with polyester resin. Silicone additives are used to increase resin stability and coating flexibility. Standard polyester finishes are commonly used on agricultural metal roofs where price is of greater concern than performance.
- Super Polyester. Siliconized polyester with fade resistant pigmentation. The pigments enhance the performance of traditional polyesters, but the coatings are still prone to chalking as the resin breaks down over time. As the resin breaks down, the pigments also suffer.
- Plastisol. This coating is traditionally used in the siding industry. It is composed of PVC particles embedded in a plasticizer that provides some flexibility and durability. It is not recommended for roofing applications in the United States.
Coil Coating The continuous process in which paint is applied to both sides of a moving strip of metal. The process usually includes cleaning, chemical pre-treatment, primer, and topcoat. The primer and topcoat are both baked on.
Cold Roof A roof incorporating “above sheathing ventilation” in order to help prevent hot spots on the roof (resulting from heat escaping from the living space) and subsequent wintertime ice dams.
Cool Roofing Roofs that have high reflectivity achieved either through light colors or reflective pigments. Cool roofing can also refer to roof systems which have integral ventilation to help carry heat away from the structure and reduce cooling loads.
Condensation This phenomenon occurs at dew point when warm moist air hits a cool surface. This can occur in or on poorly designed roof assemblies. Ventilation, insulation, and vapor barriers are the keys to avoiding condensation in roof systems.
Cor-Ten A type of weathering steel made in heavy gauges by US Steel. It is designed to rust and is not recommended by its manufacturer for roofing applications. There are paint systems made to give a similar look on galvanized or galvalume steel or aluminum.
Course A horizontal row of shingles, slate or tile running the width of the roof.
Cricket A peaked “saddle” constructed on the uphill side of a chimney to prevent accumulation of snow and ice and to deflect water around the chimney.
Decking The surface installed over the supporting framing members of a building to which the roofing is applied.
Dormer A framed protrusion, usually with a window or vent, projecting through the sloping plane of a roof.
Drip Edge A piece of metal placed on the eave of a roof to protect the underlayment and eave of the roof and direct water in the proper direction, often into the gutter or eaves trough. In some instances, a Drip Edge and starter strip are incorporated in the same component.
Eave The bottom (downhill) edge of a roof plane.
Fascia Plumb vertical boards around the perimeter of the gables and eaves of the roof. These are used to hang gutters along the eaves.
Flashings Components, usually fabricated from metal, used to help waterproof the perimeters and protrusions in a roofing system.
Gable The edge of the roof that runs from the eave to the ridge; some within the industry also refer to this as the Rake.
Galvalume Steel Carbon steel with a protective alloy consisting primarily of aluminum on both sides of the steel. AZ50 grade is suggested for painted product while AZ55 is suggested for product with clear acrylic coating.
Galvanized Steel Carbon steel with a protective alloy consisting primarily of zinc on both sides of the steel. Various grades are available based upon the thickness of the coating. G90 is suggested for residential applications.
Heat Tape Electric cable used to help melt snow near the eaves of the roof, as well as sometimes up the valleys, and also in the gutters. This is used to help alleviate ice dam issues.
Hip The inclined external angle formed by the intersection of two sloping roof planes. Runs from the ridge to the eaves. These are usually 90 degree outside corners on the roof but they can be other angles as well.
Hip Roof A type of roof containing sloping planes on each side.
Hot Roof A completely sealed, not vented attic, the entire interior of which is often sprayed with closed cell urethane foam insulation. This can also be a conditioned space. Some roofing materials may not perform as well on hot roofs, because of they way that heat breaks them down. Metal roofs perform very well on these applications.
Ice and Water Shield A self-adhering membrane specifically designed to be used in heavy rain and snow areas where leaks can be a problem. In most cases you would install ice and water shield on the lowest three feet of the roof, or above the wall line. Building codes will require this in certain areas.
Ice Dam When snow melts on an upper section of a roof surface and then refreezes at the eaves where the roof surface is colder. This causes water to back up, causing leaks into the roofing system. Ice damming is controlled through attic insulation and ventilation, and be sealing heat leaks from the living space.
Metal Construction Association (MCA) Certification Program MCA is the authority trade association for metal roofing and other metal construction products. Their Certification Program recognizes products that meet certain quality levels and standards for residential application.
Open Valley A valley design used to transition water and debris off of a roof slope, carrying the water on top of the roofing system. These valley systems are designed to not clog with debris such as tree leaves and needles, ice, or snow.
Pitch The slope of the roof plane, referred to as the height of vertical rise over the length of horizontal run, such as 3:12 which refers to 3” of vertical rise per 12” of horizontal run. Steep slope refers to any pitch great than 3:12 and very low slope refers to any pitch less than 1.5:12. Most metal roofs can be installed on roof pitches of 3:12 or greater though mechanically seamed standing seam systems can be installed on shallower roofs.
Pipe Jacks Also called “pipe flashings,” these refer to metal and/or neoprene flashings used to seal around plumbing pipes, round vents, conduits, and other roof penetrations.
Ridge The very top section of the roof running the length of the roof, where the two roof slopes come together.
Ridge or Hip Caps Accessories used to cover the inclined external angle formed by the intersection of two sloping roof planes, either at the ridge or hip.
Ridge Vent An exhaust vent for attic air that is integrated into the ridge cover. A ridge vent’s proper performance requires adequate intake vents, usually in the eave soffits of the home. For most homes this is the most effective method for siphoning warm air and moisture through and out of the attic.
Roof Framing Styles Gable, hip, and barn style roofs are only a few of the possible shapes and designs a roof can take. For more information and examples please visit: oneprojectcloser.com
Sealant Used most commonly to act as a sealant of joints or cracks to help prevent leaks. The higher grade sealants are usually butyl or polyether chemistry. Sealants should be used for aesthetic reasons as well as for redundant lines of defense against water intrusion. They should never be the sole line of defense. Also, sealants are not designed to be adhesives.
Snow Guards Used in snow country to help break apart snow so it does not leave the roof surface in large pieces and harm people or property. An enhanced variation of these consists of Snow Fences. On standing seam roofs, these items need to be installed in a way that does not impede movement of the roofing system with thermal expansion and contraction.
Square Roofing material adequate to cover 100 square feet of the roof.
Starter Strip Used to begin the attachment of many metal roofing systems. It is used at the eave (bottom) of the roof on many metal shingle systems and on the left hand edge of the roof on many standing seam systems.
Step Flashing A method of flashing commonly used with standard roofing shingles and some other materials to help seal them against brick walls or other surfaces. Step flashing is generally not advised with metal roofing which usually uses continuous lineal flashings for greater life and watertightness.
Structural Roofing Metal roofing that provides structural integrity to the building and does not require decking for installation. Generally these systems are not advised for residential application because a lack of decking can be a contributing factor to condensation issues.
UL-2218 Impact Resistance Rating A test for measuring the impact resistance of roofing materials that rates roofing materials on a scale from I to IV with IV being products that best withstand the impact test. Insurance discounts area available to homeowners in some areas who choose Class IV roofs. Homeowners are advised to investigate any future limitations that accepting the discount may place on their insurance coverage.
Underlayment Asphaltic felt or synthetic sheet installed on the roof deck below the roofing material. This is required by code beneath all metal roofs, even if the old shingles are left in place.
Valley The internal angle formed by the intersection of two sloping roof planes to provide water runoff. Refer to the glossary terms for Closed and Open Valley.
Wall Flashing Where a roof runs alongside a sidewall, a flashing must be used to prevent water intrusion at the juncture.
Need help understanding another roofing term? Ask our own Todd Miller, roofing expert at AskToddMiller.com.


AutoCAD for Mac is a critical tool for architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) professionals working in the Mac operating system. In this course, explore workflows and strategies for using AutoCAD for Mac to create accurate construction drawings for nearly any project. Instructor Jim LaPier walks through the entire process, explaining how to approach everything from basic plans and elevations to more detailed final drawings.
Learn about construction drawing theory, such as how to convey your design intent. Then, explore the key elements of all construction drawings and how to approach them in your workflow. Discover how to create basic title blocks and layouts, work with layers, add annotations, create viewports, print layouts, and more.Learn More


Fire started by a mentally ill person has damaged wooden Thuchira Bridge along Midima Road at Nkando in Mulanje.
The bridge is now impassable following the incident which, according to Mulanje District Director of Planning and Development Mercy Mpakule, happened at around 10:00pm on Monday night.
According to reports, the mentally ill person who was sleeping under the bridge started the fire which burned down timbers on the bridge.
The bridge which is near Nkando trading centre connects Mulanje, Blantyre and some parts of Chiradzulu districts.
People doing businesses between Mulanje and Blantyre use the Midima Road.


Overview: At Washington Union Station, Amtrak, VRE, and MARC all store trains at three adjoining yards just north of the station. The largest, Ivy City Yard, is used primarily by Amtrak as its main storage, maintenance, and high-speed rail service and inspection (S&I) facility at Union Station. Coach Yard, located just south of Ivy City, is also used for storage by Amtrak as well as VRE, while the smaller West Yard is used primarily for MARC storage. These storage and maintenance facilities operate near capacity, with Ivy City alone serving the 22 Amtrak trains that begin service each day in Washington. Due to lack of storage capacity, MARC and VRE often store trains mid-day on Union Station terminal tracks, eating up platform space badly needed for passenger service.
MARC is currently constructing “Wedge Yard” to create new daytime storage space adjacent to Coach Yard. Amtrak proposes to renovate Ivy City, including expansion of its S&I facility, to accommodate potential increases in service and train fleets. Amtrak expects to begin an Ivy City master plan to develop conceptual designs for its long-term storage and maintenance needs at Washington Union Station and to support long-term plans to expand NEC service.


The AWAYWASH range offers on-board spill containment capacity of 45 and 55 litres for ready-mix concrete truck chute washout.
Lighter than metal alternatives, sturdy and easy to maintain as concrete does not adhere to it.
The unique design collects the washout waste and separates the coarse material in a robust sieve designed for easy emptying.
No mechanical parts that could jam or require costly maintenance. Spare parts (sieve & hose) available.
PROTECTS THE ENVIRONMENT:
- Avoids washout water spillage on the ground
- Prevents alkaline pollution and soiling at the delivery point
- Removes harmful washout water from construction sites
- Prevents contamination of underground and surface water
- Allows the catching and re-using of washout water
- Supports sustainable development policies
- Facilitates compliance with environmental regulations
- Separates aggregates from water for easily quantified recycling of solids
- Reduces water consumption: allows batching plants to re-use the washout water
- Reduces water treatment / disposal related costs
- Can be retrofitted
- Time saving: no waiting at washout areas on work sites
- Easy to install, handle and use
PRODUCT FEATURES AS STANDARD
- Tray with integrated sieve with incorporated handles acts as a water baffle during transit and prevents any water escaping
- 750 mm flexible hose for easy emptying
- Built-in fixing points (M8 x 15) offer various fitment options
- Conspicuity tape applied


THIS CONTRACT IS ENTERED INTO THIS THE DAY OF , 20 ____ ,by and between , hereafter “Contractor” and hereafter “Owner”.
For valuable consideration the parties do hereby agree as follows:
1. SCOPE OF WORK: Contractor shall provide all labor and materials, and shall construct for Owners the residence as described by the plans and specifications (hereafter “the Project”) selected by Owners and more particularly described as
Copies of said plans and specifications have been executed by Contractor and Owner on the date hereof and are hereby made a part of this contract.
2. WORK SITE: The Project shall be constructed on the property of Owner located at and more particularly described as ________ (hereafter “the Work Site”). Owner hereby authorizes Contractor to commence and complete the usual and customary excavation and grading on the Work Site as may be required in the judgment of the Contractor to complete the Project. Unless called for in the specifications no landscaping, finish grading, filling or excavation is to be performed at the Work Site by the Contractor except as is so required.
3. PERMITS: Contractor shall apply for and obtain such permits and regulatory approvals as may be required by the local municipal/county government, the cost thereof shall be an expense of the Project.
4. SOIL CONDITIONS: Contractor shall have no responsibility for the condition of the soils at the Work Site. Any excavation, filling or other work required by the Owner other than the usual and customary excavation and grading shall be an additional expense of the Owner. Owner shall determine before construction begins if additional site work is required because of the soil conditions at the Work Site and shall provide Contractor written specifications as to such additional site work. Contractor shall not be responsible for any damages suffered by Owner as a result of the soil conditions at the Work Site.
5. INSURANCE: Contractor shall maintain general liability, workers compensation and builder’s risk insurance to insure against risks covered by such insurance. Contractor shall be responsible for any worker’s compensation coverage or payments required and shall indemnify and hold Owner harmless for the payment of same or any such claims against Owner.
6. SURVEY AND TITLE: Prior to commencement of construction Owner shall provide Contractor with a boundary survey performed by a licensed surveyor, a title opinion by a licensed attorney and a copy of all protective covenants which effect the Work Site.
7. CHANGES TO SCOPE OF WORK: Owner may make changes to the scope of the work including changes to the plans and specifications from time to time during the construction of the Project. However, any such change or modification shall only be made by written “Change Order”, in the form of a letter to Contractor specifying the changes. Owner agrees to pay any increase in the cost of the Project as a result of all Change Orders. In the event the cost of the Change Order is not known at the time a Change Order is executed the Contractor shall estimate the cost thereof and Owner agrees to pay the actual cost whether or not it is in excess of the estimated cost.
8. CONTRACTORS FEE:
Owner agrees to pay Contractor the actual cost to Contractor of materials plus the sum of $ for performing the services set forth in the scope of the work. Contractor shall be paid as follows:
Owner agrees to pay Contractor the sum of $ for performing the services set forth in the scope of the work. Contractor shall be paid as follows:
9. LATE PAYMENT/DEFAULT: Owner agrees to pay a late charge of 1% of all payments which are more than ten (10) days late plus all costs of collection including reasonable attorneys fees in the event payment is not made in accordance with the terms of this contract.
10. WARRANTY: Contractor’s warranty shall be limited to defects in workmanship within the scope of work performed by Contractor and which arise and become known within one (1) year from the date hereof. All said defects arising after one (1) year and defects in material are not warranted by Contractor. Contractor hereby assigns to Owner all warranties on materials as provided by the manufacturer thereof.
WITNESS THE SIGNATURES OF THE PARTIES HERETO ON THE DATE FIRST WRITTEN ABOVE.
State Specific Construction Forms
— For State Specific Construction Forms you can download in Word Format go to


What is cement rendering?
Cement rendering is the process of layering a mixture on your walls to create newer walls with a fresher finish. The formula that’s applied on your walls is a composition of cement, sand, water, plus lime or clay. People who need cement rendering usually have walls that are cracked, have visible imperfections or are uneven. Cement rendering can offer a cleaner, smoother, and more appealing appearance. Cement rendering in Brisbane is normally applied to rough surfaces such as brick, stone or concrete blocks and anything else Brisbane property owners desire because they’re looking for clean-cut corners and smooth surfaces in modern design times. Ultimately, the purpose of cement rendering is to create a smooth finish on the irregular surface. Property owners have found that rendering added value to the look of the property but also the cost of resale. Call us for any rendering needs you might have. We’re a Brisbane based business that has been rendering properties for 15 years and we’re more than prepared to help you!
Cement render is the most basic type of render and that makes it the cheapest application of other formulas. It uses a render formula made of the same standard ingredients including sand, lime, and cement and that’s what makes the rendering price so low. The materials for rendering cost very little but the application cost is also very low. Here are a couple of reasons you should go ahead and invest in the overall cement rendering cost:
- Cement rendering adds decades to the lifespan of your wall
- Increases property value
- Transforms your home aesthetic
- Provides better insulation for your home (saving costs on utility bills)
How much does cement rendering cost?
Begin the conversation that’ll help you budget your cement rendering plans so that you get a better idea of how much you’ll be spending. We’re open every day and even on Sundays by appointment. We’ll craft a quote and schedule the servicing all within 24 hours.
The cost of cement render maintenance –
Your cement render is very durable against the elements but over time it will show signs of ageing. It shouldn’t need it for a long time but eventually, it may need some repairing or maintenance over time. Give us a call and we can come and assess any damage and even offer a free quote.


(251) 626-0594 • 800-831-1652 KEMKO offers three distinct lines of pre-engineered metal buildings to meet our
customers’ needs for industrial, commercial, institutional and personal applications.
Our Hurricane Defender premium metal buildings provide the best we have to offer
for customers located in storm prone areas. Whether you have special needs or just
want peace of mind, Hurricane Defender buildings exceed your local building code
requirements and come with an extended 10-year structural and workmanship
warranty, with a longer warranty on the external panels. Hurricane Defender
buildings are designed to meet engineering requirements for winds of at least
150 mph, with higher ratings available as you may require.
KEMKO’s traditional custom metal buildings offer the same top quality that we have
always been known to provide. KEMKO’s metal buildings are designed to meet or
exceed your local building code requirements and come with a 5-year structural
and workmanship warranty and a longer warranty on the external panels.
C-Strong buildings are provided in limited sizes and are designed for economy
and easy installation. C-Strong buildings meet IBC 09 requirements for 130 mph
wind speed and come with a 20-year panel warranty.


Computer floor – Altecom 6060
The floor panels are installed on steel pedestals. The pedestals are glued in place or, if necessary secured with screws.
The panels themselves are fully detachable, so that the space beneath can be used to house all kinds of cabling systems, while remaining easilly accessible at all times for maintenance or repair work.
In case of larger built heights (approx. 400 mm and upwards), spacer profiles can be fitted to provide extra stability.
|Built height:||from 70 mm till 1000 mm (we advise to apply an installation floor for built height of 500 mm and higher)|
|Pedestal load:||3 kN|
|Distributed load:||12 kN/m2|


The railroad contractor are technicians trained in railway building and restructuring. When hiring a railroad contractor there are many considerations that one should make in order to choose the most qualified. The following are the major things that one needs to check when choosing the railroad contractor so as to hire the most qualified companies. Building of the railways require special machines so as to ensure perfection and therefore one who is on a plan to choose a railroad contractor must check some of these machines, their capability and even the effectiveness. Another factor to take into consideration while hiring the railroad contractor is some of the terms such as the insurance policies which are important in ensuring that the one is protected from risks that may occur.
The certification of the railroad contractor is another factor that one needs to check before entering into contracts with a given railroad contractor and this is to ensure legality of the contracts. One should also check the number of contracts which the companies have entered into and this shows their level of experience which is important. The cost of hiring a specific railroad contractor should be considered before choosing them and this is to ensure that one can pay for these services. Best railroad contractor do not charge high fees and but it is advisable to avoid those that offer very cheap construction services because ideally, the value of work directly rely on the costs or the charges for the services.
Another factor to consider while choosing the best railroad contractor is the level of technology to be applied in the construction. Best railroad contractor will provide some benefits such as free servicing of the railways and thus one should consider this factor to get the best companies. It is important to compare the time guarantee for various railroad contractors before when the construction should be completed to choose those that will perform quickly. Different railroad contractor will promise varying lengths of life of the railways constructed and this serves as the warranty and therefore one should consider this factor before choosing a specific contractor.
Another factor to consider is choosing the companies or the contractors who perform as a group because they will have more resources than those who carry these activities by themselves. It is important to choose the railroad contractor with the best client reviews because this forms knowledge of the quality of the services offered.


Tuas Spring Desalination Plant
Mecomb’s Engineering team was involved in the air-compressor system turn-key project for the Tuas Desalination Plant. Our involvement started from problem assessment to design and installation of equipment. The Quincy air compressor system provides the plant with an energy efficient source of compressed air to produce up to 30 million gallons a day (mgd) of drinking water. The highly efficient Quincy compressors have generated cost savings to the aeration, agitation and fluid transfer in the water treatment process. Mecomb’s has a strong track record in the various successful water treatment plant projects making us the preferred partner in this industry segment.


Field work in the Kanali Floodplain
By Mayuri Phukan, January 2023
Mayuri Phukan is a PhD candidate at Utrecht University. Her research will establish the hydrogeology of the Himalayan megafan and interactions between surface water and groundwater systems, and its impact on grasslands of Bardia National Park. Due to the nature of the research and the less studied area, data collection from field is of utmost importance for my project. Hence her work started with a 3 month fieldwork campaign during November ’22 to January ’23, in Bardia. With the help of local workers, they set up 19 groundwater monitoring wells around the study area. Most of these wells have been drilled manually, by the process of impact drilling while a few have been mechanically dug, depending on the nature of the substrate and the local practice. She has also sampled soil from the locations which is being tested for textural classification, as well as collected well logs from the drillers.
While it is fairly early into the project to present any major results, few observations have been noted from the fieldwork activities. It has been noted that the groundwater level is shallow around Karnali floodplain (central region) with primarily sandy soil layers while in the foothills of Shiwalik hills in north and in the south, groundwater levels are deeper, with predominantly silty to clayey soil layers. Erosion from Shiwalik hills as well as depositional process by the Karnali river system could be a reason behind these features. Further, two type of water bearing layers have been encountered: sand with pebble/boulder layers and finer sand with clayey layers. That could also mean that the aquifer system in the study area could be disconnected at places due to clay pockets. And local precipitation and subsurface flow may be major recharge mechanisms. It is expected that, with progress in the data collection and analysis process, these mechanisms will be more explicit.
Fig. 1: Styudy area in the Karnali floodplain


MSS SP-97 Standard Practice covers essential dimensions, finish, tolerances, testing, marking, material, and minimum strength requirements for 90 degree integrally reinforced forged branch outlet fittings of butt welding, socket welding, and threaded types.
Fittings manufactured to this Standard Practice are designed to make a fully reinforced branch connection in accordance with applicable piping code requirements, when attached, at an opening in a run pipe by means of a full penetration weld.
Fittings may be made to special dimensions, size, shape, tolerances, or of other wrought material by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
Chemical Composition Requirements of MSS SP 75
*2. Carbon equivalent C.E.=C+Mn/6+(Cr+Mo+V)/5+(Ni+Cu)/15 shall not exceed 0.45%.
Mechanical Properties of MSS SP 75 Pipe Fittings
|MSS SP 75||Yield Strength||Tensile Strength||Elongation||Charpy Test|
|Class||Min. psi||Min. psi||min. %||Ave. Energy absorbed @ 20°F|
Material, Welding & Manufacture
The raw material of MSS SP 75 pipe fittings shall be fully killed steels made by either open hearth, basic oxygen, or electric furnace process. It consists of blooms, billets, slabs, forging quality bar, plate, seamless or fusion-welded pipes. The welding processes shall be conducted in accordance with Section IX of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, or related ASTM & API specifications. Post-weld heat treatment shall be taken in accordance with the requirements of Section VIII, Division 1 of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. The welding ends (bevels) of the fitting shall be furnished differently in terms of wall thickness.The MSS SP 75 WPHY pipe fittings may be readily manufactured by forging, hammering, pressing, piercing, rolling, extruding, upsetting, welding, or by a combination of these processes. Finished products shall be free of injurious defect or welding-repair. Machining and grinding of surface defects may be required by some clients.
Pipe fittings manufactured to MSS SP 75 shall be furnished in the heat treated condition. Hot formed fittings shall be cooled below the lower critical temperature prior to heat treatment. Fittings shall be heat treated by one or more of the following procedures: annealing (stress relieving), normalizing, normalizing and tempering, quenching and tempering.
Tests and Examinations
The tests and examinations available for WPHY fittings includes hydrostatic test(proof test), tensile tests, PMI(spectrum), Charpy test, radiographic examination(X-Rays, RT), magnetic particles inspection(MPI), ultrasonic examination(UT), Liquid Penetration Examination(LPE), etc.
Dimensions and Tolerances
MSS SP 75 only specifies the dimensions and tolerances for pipe fittings sized from NPS 16 (DN 400) through NPS 60 (DN 1500). Dimensional requirements for NPS 14 and smaller are provided by reference to ASME B 16.9.