Cherapa Place 2007
Sioux Falls, SD
Howalt McDowell Insurance
Date of Completion
140,000 square feet
Situated on the east bank of the Big Sioux River in downtown Sioux Falls, this six story office building with underground parking is designed with a two story base of local stone which appears to rise organically from the riverfront and a curved upper section oriented to maximize views of the river and Falls Park.
Cherapa Place is designed as a high performance building and is on track to achieve Gold LEED certification from the United States Green Building Council (USGBC).
By incorporating elements such as native vegetation landscaping and water-efficient irrigation systems, Cherapa Place will reach the goal of 50% less water usage. The facility will also have a green roof - one of the first in Sioux Falls to be commercially installed.
(1 of 10) photos


|sundial and dividers: a compound instrument combining the functions of both a sundial and dividers.
|surveying and gunnery instrument: compound instrument combining functions required in the closely-associated fields of surveying and gunnery, such as measuring bearings and finding ranges.
|surveying compass: magnetic compass with fixed sights used for measuring horizontal bearings by magnetic azimuth. See also circumferentor.
|surveying instrument: surveyors used instruments to take bearings, elevations, distances and other associated measures, as well as, for example, laying out plans and drawing topographical surveys. Included are such instruments as the surveying compass, surveying quadrant, surveying rod, surveying staff, surveyor's cross, surveyor's line, surveyor's square and theodolite. Surveying instruments also include compound instruments embodying several such functions.
|surveying instruments: see surveying instrument.
|surveying quadrant: quadrant used for land surveying, usually for measuring altitude and azimuth.
|surveying rod: an instrument used by surveyors for taking distances and other associated measurements.
|surveying staff: an instrument used in surveying to measure elevations.
|surveying staffs: see surveying staff.
|surveyor's cross: instrument for establishing right-angled lines of sight, by means either of open sights set at the ends of an equal-arm cross or slits in a cylinder.
|surveyor's line: a long string or rope used to measure distances for surveying.
|surveyor's square: another name for a surveyor's cross.
|theodolite: surveying instrument for measuring horizontal angles, and perhaps vertical angles, see article on the theodolite.
|theodolite and sundial: an instrument combining the functions of a sundial and a theodolite.
|throne: part of an astrolabe, connecting the instrument to the suspension shackle, see article on the astrolabe.
|triangulation: surveying technique involving the measurement of a baseline, the location of other stations by taking angles from either end, and perhaps the extension of the survey through the addition of further triangles.
|triangulation instrument: instrument with three jointed arms with scales for surveying or range-finding, see article on the triangulation instrument.
|trigonus: triangular element in the type of altitude dial known as the 'organum Ptolemai'.
|tripod base: base of a tripod (three-legged support) on which to stand an instrument.
|tripod legs: legs of a tripod (three-legged support) on which to stand an instrument.
|tropic of Capricorn: line of geographical latitude and corresponding line of declination coinciding with the sun's position at the autumnal equinox, its most southerly position in the sky.
|tympanum: Latin name (plural tympana) for a latitude plate of an astrolabe.
|unequal hours: system of hour reckoning, see article on time and date.
|universal dial: a sundial that can be used in any latitude.
|universal projection: a type of projection of the celestial sphere appropriate for use in any latitude.
|vane: upright piece, in this context usually forming a sight and often pierced with a pinhole, a slit, or a slot with a vertical wire.
|vertical dial: sundial where the hour lines are marked on a vertical surface, see article on the sundial.


A career in design has become a very popular choice for creative students. But do you realise that a career in sustainable design can actually make an impact on all of us and make the world a good place to live in?
“Human beings don’t have a pollution problem; they have a design problem. If humans were to devise products, tools, furniture, homes, factories, and cities more intelligently from the start, they wouldn’t even need to think in terms of waste, or contamination, or scarcity. Good design would allow for abundance, endless reuse, and pleasure.” – Authors Michael Braungart and William McDonough in their book, The Upcycle
One of the vital ways to integrate sustainability is through architecture and design. In the world of rapid urbanization today, it has become increasingly important for buildings and structures to be built on sustainable principles to ensure longevity.
While earlier sustainable measures were considered expensive and a waste of effort, today, industries across the economy have come to the realization that such measures aid in not only maintaining ecologically sound practices but also reduce costs in the long run. Different principles in design today can be integrated with sustainable practices starting with the choice of materials, equipment and also design layouts.
Aspects of Sustainable Design
Here is how a career in architecture and design, perhaps, has the maximum scope to include sustainability at its core:
1. Utilisation of low-impact materials: Innovative use of low-impact materials thatallow recycling and are low on toxicity is the first step towards sustainability in design. Additionally, in urban and tropical areas, utilization of reflective materials for building structures is an excellent solution to the excessive heat thereby, reducing the need for energy consuming HVAC (Heating, ventilation and cooling) systems.
2. Integration of energy-saving appliances: Integration of various forms of unconventional energy into the design is a great way to not only include sustainable principles but also add aesthetic beauty. Thus, designers today strive to create designs that mix sustainability without compromising on the visual appeal of a project. Such measures not only make the project eco-friendly but also contribute significantly towards reducing operating costs through low energy utilisation.
3. Applying intelligent design layouts:Through introducing intelligent cross-ventilation ducts and large windows that allow the usage of natural light and air for lighting and ventilation processes, the effects of excessive energy consumption can be significantly reduced. Designers today have shifted their focus from utilisation of electrical appliances to natural forms of lighting and ventilation.
If designers notice the olden architecture, it is obvious that initially buildings were created with the intention of causing minimal disturbance to nature, whereas now, structures are built regardless of it. The beginning of sustainable practices in business begins from the core of their operations – the buildings itself. Thus, sustainable design is the key to the future of design and thereby, plays an important role in design study for architects and designers.


18 Avr Delivery of a deep sea barge in Tahiti
Alwena Shipping has been entrusted by TMP, Tahiti, with the design, construction and shipment of a 1000mt deadweight deep sea barge.
The project started during summer 2020 with the design of the barge, the selection of a shipyard in China to build the barge which was completed in March 2021. Transportation contract has been awarded to Martin Bencher. She was then loaded onto the heavy lift vessel « AAL Dalian » in Taicang port and offloaded April 14. 2021 in Papeete, Tahiti. A successful project, from the very beginning to the delivery, managed by Alwena Shipping and its partners.


In 2001 the State of Florida adopted the 2001 Florida Building code. This code set forth more stringent requirements for the construction of a new home in order to withstand a hurricane. This new building code became effective on March 1, 2002 for any home that had a building permit issued after that date. Therefore, this is especially important for coastal cities such as Naples, Marco Island, Bonita Springs and Estero. Per the new laws, a Wind Mitigation Inspection performed by a licensed Inspector can save homeowners thousands off their insurance premiums.
The State of Florida created the Uniform Wind Mitigation Inspection Form. A licensed inspector completes the Uniform Wind Mitigation Form while performing the Wind Mitigation Inspection. A wind mitigation inspection measures your home’s ability to withstand a hurricane. Consequently insurance companies will use your wind mitigation inspection to evaluate discounts applied to your insurance premium.
A Wind Mitigation Inspection evaluates seven different components of your house. The insurance companies use the answers on your wind mitigation report to determine the discount.
The seven wind mitigation components are not rated equally. When determining your insurance discount, each component has a different rank. Certain components are more important than other components in a Wind Mitigation Inspection.
The State of Florida adopted the new 2001 Florida Building Code, which became effective on houses that were permitted for construction on or after March 1, 2002. The new codes imposed more stringent building requirements on the construction of all new homes and roof coverings. Therefore, any house permitted for construction after March 1, 2002 will receive more discounts than a house permitted for construction prior to that date.
Since the 2001 Code was adopted, the State of Florida has adopted numerous modifications to its Building Code. These modifications require that additional hurricane protections be installed in every new home permitted after the effective date of the new Florida Building Code. The main addition, to the 2004 Florida Building Code, is the requirement that all glass openings in a house be protected by impact rated windows and doors or that all glass openings be protected by impact rated shutters.
Therefore to qualify for a discount on a homeowner’s insurance policy, a state licensed wind mitigation inspector must conduct the wind mitigation inspection. For twenty years, Slab-2-Shingles has performed thousands of home inspections in Southwest Florida. Slab-2-Shingles’ licensed inspectors are available to service homes in the Naples, Marco Island, Bonita Springs and Estero areas. Call 1-239-262-0058 now to schedule your wind mitigation with one of our friendly and professionally licensed inspectors and start saving on your home insurance today!
We hope this information has helped explain the importance of having a wind mitigation inspection and how this service coupled with certain component of your home effect your homeowner’s insurance rates. You can find more information on Wind Mitigation inspections and other important information concerning related inspections for your home such as radon inspections, mold inspections, home inspections and home watch servies at our web site Slab2shingles.com.


The invisible rolling shutter boxes and the external aluminum boxes are designed and manufactured following both customers’ aesthetic needs and technicians’ functional requirements. They can be fitted in masonry of any dimension and material and they are available in several types and sizes. Their operation system can be either manual or motorized and they are designed to close the bottom part of the box, allowing for internal inspection, as well as convenient insertion, maintenance and replacement of the rolling shutter. They provide thermal insulation and sound proofing and they are environmentally friendly.
Invisible Rolling Shutter Boxes


Oaktree Engineering Ltd. is made up of several highly qualified engineers and engineering technologists who will ensure that your property’s structural issues are handled safely and professionally. Read their profiles to find out more.
Phillip Bottriell, P.Eng., C.E.S., R.H.I.
Ba.Sc. Civil Engineering (Honours,) University of Waterloo, Co-Op Engineering Program, 1983
Licenses and Certifications
Training and Qualifications
Educational Seminars Taught
Alain J.G. Charron, P.Eng., ing., R.H.I.
B.Eng, Civil Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, 1992
Alain Charron graduated from the Royal Military College of Canada (RMC) and has served the Canadian Military both as an officer of the military and as a civilian.
As an officer, Alain was, among other things, part of a group investigating the environmental condition of CFB Lahr in Germany before the Canadian government was to return the land to Germany. He retired from the military in 1992.
Following his military years, Alain continued to serve the Canadian Forces as a civilian doing research in the RMC structural engineering laboratory. During those years, he was published numerous times both as an author and co-author in engineering publications such as The Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering. Following his findings in a research project, he was instrumental in having part of The Wood Design Manual changed to better reflect the compressive properties of wood in construction.
As a member of the Property Inspection Network Limited since 2001, Alain specializes in both pre-purchase home inspections and residential energy audits. He has now completed over 5000 inspections and energy audits in Eastern Ontario and western Quebec and has assessed structures, mechanical systems, insulation, interior and exterior finishes, roofing, chimneys, and building envelopes. More recently, Alain has been an expert witness in construction-related issues and slip-and-fall incidents.
Ted Capes, P.Eng.
B.E.Sc. Civil Engineering (Honours,) University of Western Ontario
Home Inspector Certificate, Algonquin College
PEO Licence no. 6808117
Member of Wood Energy Technology Transfer (WETT)
Ted has contributed to his community as the president of a cottage association, as a treasurer and member of the board of directors for a hockey association, and as a coach and official in minor hockey and baseball.


Coordination of buildings
We perform the coordination of your projects and buildings in order to minimize all risks. Coordination includes the recommendation of correct technical solutions, organizational measures in terms of safety work and the processing of project documentation and also other necessary measures for the proper operation and preparation of construction.
Delivery of building material
If you are preparing to build a family house or you are planning construction on a smaller scale, we ensure the delivery of building materials for you according to the agreed terms. We ensure professional counseling together with the delivery of the materials.
We ensure preparatory building work such as the preparation of scaffolding, securing of buildings, electrical work, waste management, telephone lines, internet connections, camera systems, cutting and paving stones and also the construction of chimneys.
As well as the preparatory work, finishing work is included in our company’s activities. These include, for example, stone tiles, chimney approval, roof coverings and the reconstruction of all buildings and objects.
We ensure a building’s comprehensive management for its trouble-free and continuous operations. Thanks to arranging all the activities connected with the operation of buildings, visitors and tenants will feel completely safe and comfortable.
Approval of objects
Whether it is a residential or non-residential space, we ensure the approval for the full use of the finished building for you.


An Industry Leading,
Australian Owned And Operated Asphalt Company
Newpave Asphalt Specialist
Newpave Asphalt is proud to be an independent, locally owned and operated Australian asphalt company, located in the Hunter Valley Region.
Newpave Asphalt is a dynamic and innovative asphalt contracting specialist with multi-disciplinary expertise including asphalt manufacturing, construction, testing, haulage, traffic management, profiling, stabilisation, spray seal & line marking.
Our personnel have a wealth of knowledge and experience which is highly regarded by many within the asphalt industry.
Newpave Asphalt is an A2 prequalified asphalt contractor with the NSW Roads & Maritime Services. Newpave is also a prequalified with NSW Roads & Maritime Services as a traffic control contractor.
Since our inception in 2013, Newpave Asphalt has established itself as a market leader within the wider Hunter Valley Region. We currently hold panel contracts with all councils across the Hunter Valley and Central Coast regions, in addition to the NSW Roads and Maritime Services.
Newpave Asphalt is third party accredited for Safety (ISO 45001), Environmental (ISO 14001) and Quality Systems (ISO 9001).
We have a NATA accredited laboratory for asphalt and materials testing for our works to ensure that our product is to the highest possible quality.
Our philosophy is simple. We have the most advanced and reliable plant and equipment currently available on the market. We have employed the best talent within the industry to ensure that our quality of our work is second to none. Providing quality people, equipment and products with careful planning and attention to detail will translate to successful outcomes.


Grundfos CRFlex 5-6 - Surface Inline Pump - 13,000 Litres/HourProduct discontinued
DescriptionThe CRFlex pump is available as a complete unit only, consisting of these parts:
- MGFlex motor
- CRN pump end.
The CRN is a vertical, centrifugal multi-stage pump. This inline (non-self-priming) pump is suitable for in-pipe systems and should be mounted on a foundation. It can lift up to 13,000 litres per hour @ 5 metres head, or up to 4,300 litres @ 55 metres head.
The pump is equipped with the MGF motor which can be run on both DC and AC. The motor electronics already include all the necessary motor protection functions; therefore, no extra motor protection device is needed. The Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) software in the motor allows it to operate efficiently with solar panels. The motor has P1 1730W and maximum speed 3600 rounds per minute (RPM).
This new generation of CRFlex pumps has a DC voltage input of 30-300V DC - which means that they can operate with a single 24V solar panel (depending on your required head or output).
An external sensor can be connected in order to control the pump operation.
CRFlex pumps are applicable in thin, clean, non-aggressive, non-explosive liquids, not containing solid or long-fibred particles larger than sand grains. Maximum sand content: 20 ppm. A higher sand content will reduce the pump's life expectancy.
The price quoted is for the above items only. To calculate a full pump system for you (with solar panels, regulator, pipes, etc) we need to know:
- installation location
- maximum head required
- quantity of water required
- pipe and cable distances
Please also view our Surface Pump System Examples and follow the links for a full system quote.
The MGFlex motor was developed for optimal performance using solar power, for surface pump applications. In addition to solar panels, Grundfos solar surface pumps can be run from the grid or a generator. With variable speed operation and motor protection built in as standard, Grundfos solar surface pumps offer:
- Easy installation
- Virtually no maintenance
- Low cost and highly-efficient pumping
Weight: 33 Kilograms
|Grundfos CRFlex 5-6 - Surface Inline Pump - 13,000 Litres/Hour|
|Power Supply DC||30V-300V DC|
|Power Supply AC||1x90-240V AC (50/60Hz)|
|Power input (P1)||60 - 1730W|
|Max input current||8.9A|
|Over & under-voltage protection|
|Max motor speed||3600 rpm|
|13,000 litres/h @ 5 metres head|
|4,300 litres/h @ 55 metres head|


The Architectural Committee for Federal City, a 155-acre redevelopment of the former Naval Support Activity New Orleans is currently seeking qualified applicants to serve as Town Architect. Federal City is a mixed-use development that, when fully developed, will consist of over 1,000,000 square feet of office space, 375,000 square feet of retail, 350,000 square feet of civil/municipal buildings, 150 hotel rooms and 1,400 dwelling units. Federal City broke ground in September of 2008 and the build out of the entire site will take approximately 15 years. The anchor tenant of the Federal City project is a 411,000 square foot, Class-A, force-protected office building within a secure campus that is being built as the new national headquarters of the Marine Corps Reserve. This facility will be LEED Silver certified and set the standard for the development of future federal installations through public-private partnerships. The remainder of the site consists of the mixed-use redevelopment of the former Navy Base utilizing existing historic buildings in addition to new construction projects. The Town Architect shall serve as an advisor to the Architectural Committee and shall administer an architectural review procedure for the development of properties within the redevelopment site to ensure that the designs submitted meet the established Master Plan and Smart Code for Federal City. For more information about the position and to submit an application for the position, please click here to download the Town Hall Architect document.
The construction at Federal City continues to progress with the MarForRes building and new addition of the Federal City Town Center, Retail Center & Parking Garage. The Town Center will include space for a variety of retail tenants and house parking for the secure compound tenants. A design image of the Federal City Retail Center & Parking Garage is below.
The MarForRes building is rapidly taking shape with the majority of the exterior building complete and the focus on the completion of interior work such as cabinet, tile, and carpet installation. Improvements around the exterior include site drainage and a new secure compound visitor center. Work on the entryways and perimeter fencing has begun. Updated construction images are included below.
Federal City offers an approach that could make it a National Model for the future configuration and operation of small to mid-sized DOD installations, the decommissioning of military installations, and large-scale urban development. When fully developed, Federal City is expected to grow from providing nearly 2,000 military jobs (Phase I) to 10,000 Federal and civilian jobs, in later phases. In addition to these numbers, there will be significant job creation and training during the development phase in the renewable-energy, environmental-sciences and green-building trades. Partnerships with local institutions including Tulane University and Delgado Community College ensure that these opportunities will be captured for development via permanent, educational curricula. At the core of this strategy are breakthrough standards in sustainable development that will impact and facilitate regional, green-collar, job development. Federal City will be a world-class development that provides unprecedented regional leadership in setting new standards for accomplishment in these diverse areas of concentration. Also at the heart of the project is a focus on investing in the infrastructure, making provision for a green energy grid and a front-end investment in more efficient buildings.
The State of Louisiana has shown a strong commitment by providing a portion of the capital funding required to construct new facilities at Federal City, and the Gulf Opportunity Zone Act of 2005 provides tax incentives for developments in the region. The goal of Federal City is to create state-of-the-art facilities that will attract thousands of federal and private sector workers during the next ten years. The construction of new facilities at Federal City will provide its tenants with energy and maintenance efficient facilities and the latest hurricane and flood protection factors and standards. Under this concept, the State of Louisiana has committed to contribute to the capital costs of this installation in return for the economic and social benefits of retaining and expanding the number of workers in the DOD, Federal, and “spin off” civilian organizations that would occupy Federal City.
Following the presidential and congressional initiatives for energy independence and environmentally-friendly installations, the military’s goals for Federal City have become more directed toward green design and sustainable development principles. This multi-phase project is making use of several layers of the U.S. Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) program, including a minimum Gold rating requirement for new construction, existing buildings and neighborhood development. The Federal City development is being redesigned to set a new record in the region for energy conservation and independence, and possibly for energy production, minimizing pressure on the existing infrastructure, creating new habitat, and fostering the community through bands of green space that will also serve as infrastructure improvements.
Federal City development rethinks the traditional “U.S. military base and urban neighborhood community” by integrating commercial and residential functions back into the urban fabric of the communities they serve. It is anticipated that DOD and civilian federal agencies, as well as the contractors and suppliers who support them, will be housed at Federal City. All tenants will share Federal City’s amenities and gain the advantages of the force protection features that will be provided. Federal City is intended to offer tenants an outstanding quality of life and provide vital economic development and job creation opportunities for the New Orleans community. Federal City will create energizing synergies with additional anticipated private sector development while incorporating the latest in sustainable design, great visual aesthetics, energy efficiency, and design for enhanced hurricane and flood protection. Federal City also provides a means for community recovery and progress in New Orleans and throughout the Gulf Coast.
The installation will provide scaled levels of security inside its boundaries so that both high-level military and lower-level federal or civilian tenant requirements for protection and customer access can be accommodated. With sensitive analysis of needs and stringent and smart “zone based” master planning, Federal City will provide a highly desirable place to live, work and train, enhancing the quality of life for our military personnel and civilian employees. With more than just DOD tenants on the base, Federal City will include support functions on the installation that are normally provided or managed by DOD assets. Support functions include provisions for 1,400 residential units, child care center, food services, athletic and recreational facilities, security, five educational institutions spanning elementary to college level, etc. The concept also envisions establishing an aesthetically attractive, campus type environment on the installation that makes it a very desirable place to work. The location of the base offers spectacular views of the Mississippi River that will be exploited.
The 2005 BRAC law requires that the Marine Corps units now located at NSA New Orleans (East Bank) and the people at the Marine Corps Support Activity, Kansas City, Missouri relocate to Federal City at NSA New Orleans (West Bank). The Department of the Navy will relocate these Marine Corps activities to Federal City by September 15th 2011.
The Marine Forces Reserve (MarForRes) building, currently under construction, is tailor-made for the stakeholder tenant in the secure compound portion of Federal City. The MarForRes facility consists of a 411,000 sq ft requirement that will serve as the new Command Headquarters for MarForRes — supplemented by parade grounds and ancillary buildings. Other Federal tenants are expected to join the Marines within the secure compound; they will be housed in a soon-to-be renovated existing building on site, the Hebert Building, and four new buildings. The MarForRes facility and these ancillary buildings on this campus are slated for LEED certification. Also, currently under construction at the adjacent Coast Guard Site is the Headquarters for Sector New Orleans, a Regional Command, which will house approximately 300 personnel.
The New Orleans Federal Alliance (NOFA) welcomes the realigning Marine Corps units as the “anchor tenants” for the initial phase of Federal City. As suggested by the State and the City of New Orleans to the BRAC Commission, other tenants may include other Federal agencies, and Federal contractors or suppliers. NOFA is currently working in conjunction with its Master Developer, HRI/ECC, to solicit as many of these potential tenants as possible for Federal City.
NOFA will work closely with HRI/ECC to ensure the development scenario and land uses achieve the desired outcome of a sustainable military/federal installation together with other private development that creates jobs and promotes local economic development. To achieve this vision, NOFA’s development partner, HRI/ECC, had the unique opportunity to shape not only the terms of the transaction between NOFA and DON, but the property interest to be conveyed as well as the final scope of the development. The final arrangement included a long-term lease from DON to facilitate the construction of the project.
The acreage at Federal City provides a tremendous development opportunity in a highly-favorable location. The recovery of New Orleans is accelerating and is beginning to achieve beneficial results. In addition to the full support of the State and the City of New Orleans, Federal City enjoys the bipartisan sponsorship and expressed support of the Louisiana congressional delegation. As mentioned, NOFA has been energetically engaged in identifying potential Federal City tenants in addition to the Marine Corps units directed to Federal City by the BRAC law and prospects for additional tenants are very promising. NOFA and HRI/ECC will continue these efforts.


Chelsea Street Bridge Closures on July 28, August dates TBD
CHELSEA – According to a press release from House Speaker Robert A. DeLeo & Representative Kathi-Anne Reinstein, the Chelsea Street Bridge will experience a 12-hour closure on Saturday, July 28th from 6AM to 6PM as well as two or three closures during the month of August for testing.
The bridge is regularly open to traffic 24-hours a day, however, advisory notices will go out regarding the closures.
The $42m bridge project has been hailed by DeLeo, Reinstein and other local and state leaders as an important piece of regional infrastructure.
“It is reliable, and with that reliability comes convenience and commerce to be carried over it for decades to come,” said Reinstein.
Aside from these planned tests, motorists and businesses can rely on the bridge for its connection to and from Chelsea, Logan Airport and Downtown Boston, as well as points north and south.


Here's the latest from our construction sites!
Brentwood Road Updates
- September 28, 2019 - Thanks to the volunteer crew from F airfield Inn & Suites in Plymouth on the 25th, and our regular Saturday volunteers, the walls are about 50% sheet rocked.
- September 7.2019 - Rough plumbing inspection passed, framing inspection scheduled for 9/9/19, rough wiring to about 90% complete. Completed construction on the porches, poured footings for the porch stairs. Await rough electrical inspection, after which insulation will be installed and inspected. Then we will be ready to hang the drywall.
Long Pond Updates
- September 28, 2019 - All three homes are taking shape!
863 - Framing 50% complete / 865 - Framing 75% omplete / 867 - Framing 50% complete
- September 7, 2019 - At 863 Long Pond Road we finished framing the first floor walls and installed the second floor deck. Next week we start framing the second floor walls and roof.
- August 31, 2019 - Literally scores of professionals from the construction field, thanks to Matt Glynn of Glynn Electric and Ward Jaros!, as well as all regular Brentwood Rd. volunteers came together at the Long Pond Road site to help frame Veteran Jennifer's future home. We are so grateful for all who showed up to help this project along!


Sewer Line Services in Black Forest, CO
When you need help with your sewers, contact us at One Source Home Service today. We’ll get an expert to you fast to fix your sewer, replace it, or finish your sewer clearing in Black Forest, CO fast. Rely on us whenever you need sewer help you can trust.
Sewer Line Repair
We know that your sewer line repair in Black Forest, CO is urgent and that you can live normally until it’s finished. That’s why we promise to get to you quickly, assess your line, and get it fixed fast.
Whenever possible, we’ll use trenchless sewer repair in Black Forest, CO to get your lines repaired ASAP. These methods allow us to fix your sewer without digging up your yard!
Sewer Line Replacement
Is it time for sewer line replacement in Black Forest, CO? Our team will make sure that replacement is the best option for you, then help you get your new line installed fast. We’ll do everything we can to make the process painless for you so you can focus on the things that matter most in your life.
Sewer Line Installation
We can help you put in a new sewer line, too! Just call us and ask about sewer line installation in Black Forest, CO today. We’ll be there soon to assess the situation and let you know what would be involved in installing your sewer line. If you choose to install your sewer line now, we’ll get right to work and have your new line working as soon as possible
Contact us at One Source Home Service today for all of your sewer line needs. Whether you’re looking at sewer clearing in Black Forest, CO or you need sewer repairs or replacements, we have the team that will get the job done right the first time. Contact us today to find out more about getting your sewer lines flowing again.


Public Works ProjectsThe San Jacinto Unified School District (“District”) adopted the Uniform Construction Cost Accounting Procedures under Public Contract Code §22000 et seq. In accordance with the State of California Uniform Public Construction Cost Accounting Commission, the District is inviting all interested licensed contractors to submit their company for inclusion on the District’s list of qualified bidders for the calendar year. Per California Public Contract Code 22032, any Public Works Project that is estimated to be below $175,000.00 is subject to the Informal Bidding Procedures set forth by the State of California Uniform Construction Cost Accounting Commission. All trade categories are subject to Informal Bidding Procedures. Contractors that are interested in being on the Informal Bidding Contractors List are required to have a current license subject to verification with the Contractors State License Board and a registration subject to verification with the *Department of Industrial Relations.
If you or your company would like to be placed on the District’s Informal Bidding Contractors List, please click below and complete the application.
Department of Industrial Regulations
The registration with the Department of Industrial Relations (DIR) is required by March 1, 2015, for any/all contractors to bid public works projects, pursuant to Division 2, Part 7, Chapter 1 (commencing with section 1720) of the California Labor Code. The requirement to only use registered contractors and subcontractors of public works projects applies to all projects awarded on or after April 1, 2015. Application and renewal are completed online with a non-refundable fee of $300, found at the Department of Industrial Regulation Web Site.
Davis-Bacon Act (Federally Funded Projects)
The Davis-Bacon and Related Acts, apply to contractors and subcontractors performing on federally funded or assisted contracts in excess of $2,000 for the construction, alteration, or repair (including painting and decorating) of public buildings or public works. Davis-Bacon Act and Related Act contractors and subcontractors must pay their laborers and mechanics employed under the contract no less than the locally prevailing wages and fringe benefits for corresponding work on similar projects in the area. The Davis-Bacon Act directs the Department of Labor to determine such locally prevailing wage rates. The Davis-Bacon Act applies to contractors and subcontractors performing work on federal or District of Columbia contracts. The Davis-Bacon Act prevailing wage provisions apply to the “Related Acts,” under which federal agencies assist construction projects through grants, loans, loan guarantees, and insurance. Prevailing wages, compliance guide, etc. can be found at:


Our masonry repair team can help you whenever you need it. Whether stone, brick, concrete, or block masonry, we are here to provide the best quality masonry repair in Austin and the surrounding areas. We offer a full array of masonry repair options. Our team of experienced contractors will ensure the job is done right the first time.
At Diamante Azul Construction, we specialize in all types of masonry repairs and stonework. Our team has years of experience with stone and brick repair as well as concrete and block masonry, and we can provide the services you need that will leave your masonry looking like new. We also offer stone-coated replacement masonry contractors in Austin, so you know your masonry structure is in good hands!
When it comes to picking a company for masonry repair Austin locals can depend on, you can count on our experts to get the job done right every time. Our team of experienced masons is highly trained and knows exactly how to assess and fix any masonry problem quickly and efficiently. Plus, all of our work is backed by a guarantee that ensures your satisfaction each time, protecting you from additional costly repairs down the line. We understand the importance of keeping up with maintenance on brick and stone structures, which is why we strive to offer the best masonry repair Austin has to offer.
When it comes to Austin masonry repair and replacement, you need a professional company you can trust. It is not a task that can be taken lightly. It requires time, dedication, and skill to do the job correctly. Diamante Azul Construction is the leading Austin stone-coated replacement contractor that offers masonry repairs of the highest quality standards. Our experienced team will address your specific needs using proven techniques designed to bring lasting value and beauty to any residential or commercial property. We understand how complicated masonry repairs jobs can be, so we make sure to take extra care with every project we undertake. Our technicians are well-trained in risk assessment and diagnosis, and we use top-of-the-line materials and equipment to carefully inspect existing structures, determine the scope of work needed, and develop cost-effective solutions.
Our team is committed to providing superior customer service that stands above the rest. We take pride in our craftsmanship and strive to exceed expectations with every project we complete. Whether you need repairs or replacement for brickwork, stone walls, concrete steps, or any other component of your masonry system, we are the Austin stone-coated replacement contractor you need. Contact us today for superior Austin masonry repair services!
Other services include:
Our team is looking forward to hearing from you and getting your masonry repair job done right. We guarantee quality results, no matter the size of your project. Contact us today to learn more about us for a free consultation and estimate!


The top of what will become a clock tower at the corner of North Ocean Avenue and Lake Street is taking shape in the construction of New Village Patchogue. Check the media gallery for photos taken from the site on Monday.
This clock tower fairly closely matches up to the concept image released by Tritec Real Estate Company in 2011.
Patch will be regularly taking updated photos and videos from the demolition and construction of Tritec Real Estate Company's $100 million New Village plan that is set to bring 291 apartments, 46,000 square feet of retail space and 18,000 square feet of office space at the Four Corners intersection in Patchogue Village.
As previously reported, it is estimated that tenants will be able to move in to the residential units during the first quarter of 2014 with construction completing by summer 2014.


One of our favorite ads of the last year, with an old-school nod to David Ogilvy, was this full-page placement for Pine Hall Brick StormPave™ water permeable clay pavers.
Ogilvy was a proponent of engaging and descriptive copywriting. For this ad, the location of the installation—the Cuyahoga River valley in Cleveland known as the Flats—gave us a platform. The river was famously polluted in then 1970s and once caught fire. This has all changed as the Cuyahoga is much cleaner, but development along the river bank has to comply with stormwater regulations. StormPave™ installations don’t use sewer drains, because water seeps between the pavers into an underlayment that acts like a filter.
The StormPave™ ad is part of a series that includes the Old Pratt Street ad featuring an urban planning project on a historic street in Hartford. Here Pine Hall Brick Rumbled™ pavers provided an historically accurate surface that looks like it could have been in place 200 years ago.
These ads are running in landscape architecture magazines to reach architects, city planners and hardscape installers.


When it comes to farm fencing, good fences make more than just good neighbours. Well maintained farm boundary fences fix the property line and prevent encroachment, help protect against land invasion and provide tangible evidence of trespassing and stock theft. Alarms linked to electrified fences can also send a signal if the fence is cut or broken.
Boundary fences constructed with high-quality materials will last a long time with minimum repairs. Galvanized steel fence posts last between 34 to 170 years, while wooden fence posts are effective up to a maximum of 20 years. These poles are also fireproof and won’t rot.
Galvanized steel fence posts are easy to install. It can easily be handled by one person and can be driven into the ground without much effort. They also ground the fence against lightning strikes that can destroy timber fenceposts, cause fires and hurt animals.
The durability of the galvanized steel post also makes them suitable for important permanent internal fencing, such as for ground dams and permanent pastures that will be used year after year.
Beside good common judgment, building a farm boundary fence requires proper construction techniques and durable materials. Choosing high-quality fence posts will give you years of trouble-free service for your money.


Stay Ahead in the Railway Industry with Palbit's High-Performance Cutting Tools
The transportation industry is constantly evolving, with increasing demands for the movement of people and goods.
This has turned the railway industry into a vital market for the future, with railway infrastructure playing a crucial role in the economic success of regions around the world.
However, the railway industry is not without its challenges. With the growing demand for mobility and flexibility, the industry must also address issues such as raw material shortages and environmental protection considerations.
This is where Palbit comes in. As a leader in the railway technology sector, we have the expertise and experience necessary to meet these challenges head-on. Our goal is to provide high-speed solutions that prioritize safety, while also improving profitability for our clients.
At Palbit, we understand the unique needs of the railway industry and are dedicated to providing complete solutions for all of your machining requirements. With our cutting-edge technology and deep knowledge of the industry, we are the partner you can trust to keep your operations running smoothly and efficiently.
We invite you to explore our website and discover how we can help you stay ahead in the rapidly evolving railway industry.
Whether you are looking to improve your current operations or are starting a new project, Palbit has the solution you need to succeed.


Former Crusaders and Highlanders halfback Ben Hurst is planning on opening a new early childcare centre in Taieri Rd, Dunedin.
Construction is expected to begin on the new Little Wonders centre before the end of the month, following a long period of inactivity on the building site.
Mr Hurst is the managing director of Little Wonders and said that time was needed for the foundations to settle after extensive earth and drainage works were carried out earlier this year, and other projects had taken priority.
Final adjustments were now being made to the foundations, and construction would begin within the next two weeks, he said.
The 100-child facility would take about 22 weeks to complete, and it was hoped it would be operational by May next year.
It will be the second Little Wonders facility to be built in Dunedin.
Mr Hurst has established child-care centres in St Kilda, Oamaru, Cromwell, Timaru, Wellington and Auckland, and is due to open a second facility in Auckland in January.
Story sourced from the Otago Daily Times.


Foundation Replacement Under Existing House Denver CoYou are inside your house watching the rain come down. We'll start with a complete inspection of your homes foundation that includes soil reports and an evaluation of all areas of your Foundation Repair Denver foundation problems with our own structural engineer and finding the most economical and expedient way to repair your foundation.
At Rapid Foundation Repair of South Dakota, we know that most foundation repairs result from water and soil-related problems very common to our area: poor Foundation Repair Denver compaction, overloading, excessive organic materials, erosion or expansive soils that expand and shrink with changes in the moisture content of the soil.
A partial list of some of our projects include extending the stone foundation of a two story all brick home downward an additional 5'10", lifting a two story town home building and foundation up 5' 4", replacing a 100 year old crawlspace of another two story apartment building foundation with a new full basement.
As a certified dealer of Ram Jack's patented products, Straight Line is a leader in the foundation repair, mud jacking and concrete leveling industry in Centennial and Denver. Because of our superior quality work, we have become a leading Denver foundation repair company.
The following are some of the most commonly seen foundation problems we have seen in Denver area homes resulting in a need for foundation repair services. These conditions can produce stress that damage a home's foundation and the rest of the structure as well.
At Colorado Structural Repair, we are proudly independent and local to Colorado. Due to our location here in Colorado, soil conditions and rising & falling water tables have a huge impact on foundations. If you see signs of such damage, like cracks in walls or doors that won't close properly, it is important to talk to a professional right away.
Starting at $2.78 for a Premium Verified Listing, there is every reason to give Denver Foundation Repair and House Leveling the eBusinessPages Premium treatment today. Our foundation repair services address the threat and dangers of foundation settlement , bowed walls , and concrete cracks by realigning the damaged areas and stabilizing the structural integrity.
Other instances can be caused by lack of water drainage where the clay rich soil will expand and contract, while weak soil without proper 'filling' when the slab was poured will become weaker and ultimately sink the foundation altogether. Proper water management around the foundation of your home is essential for keeping the water from reaching your basement.


Multi-function Concrete Core Drilling Machine
a. It is used to preparing concrete core samples.
b. It has high speed cutting technology.
c. It has multi-function such as core drilling, cutting and
drilling the concrete samples
Gasoline engine is employed for power, with features of convenient
start, reliable running and easy operation. Incision and grinding
for core shall be carried out with the help of wheelhead and saw
blade. It is applicable for core drilling test for concrete and
asphalt road surface at roads, airport, dock, dam and etc.
Main technical parameters:
Max. diameter of core drilling samples
Max. core drilling depth
Gasoline engine power
Main shaft's speed
Max. cutting (grinding) diameter


Ultra-Snap Standing Seam
The First Choice of Indiana Architects, Contractors and Building Owners
Combining the aesthetic appeal of an architectural panel and the ease of installation found only in a snap-on configuration, Ultra-Snap Standing Seam has become the first choice of Indiana architects, contractors and building owners alike.
Ultra-Snap’s rigid male/female joint profile provides installation simplicity while offering both structural performance as well as a UL90 wind uplift rating in a variety of assemblies. The one piece, snap-on design eliminates the need for mechanical seaming, resulting in measurable labor savings. The 1 ¾” high profile incorporates the use of concealed expansion clips allowing for thermal expansion and contraction while providing exceptional uplift resistance.
Typically recommended for applications having a 3:12 pitch or greater, Ultra-Snap may be installed either over solid substrate or open framing members. Please contact us for complete test results, load tables and specifications.
Ultra-Snap Panel System Features
- Attractive architectural profile
- Economical one-piece design
- Load bearing, structural performance capability
- Fast, easy installation, no mechanical seaming required
- Optional Shadow Rib or Pencil Beads available
Extra touches like painting trim, vents and caulk to match my new roof, even in the hardest to reach places, were unexpected and great. Wes H. Indianapolis, IN”


Check for Leaks
Water can leak for months under ground before any evidence surfaces. Any unnecessary water flow increases your water bill, wastes water, and can do extensive damage to your home or property.
Unsealed toilet flappers, loose outside hose bibs, broken pipes under the home or concrete slab, faulty drip systems, cracked yard lines...there are many ways in which water can be flowing through the meter without anyone knowing it.
A cracked pipe that is left without being repaired has the potential of breaking wide open and, if no one is home to turn the water supply off, a broken line can flood a home in a matter of minutes!!
There is a simple procedure that is usually effective in determining if you have a water leak. Call the office at (928) 636-2557 during office hours for more information.


Hot Dipped Galvanized Steel Pipe/HDG tubes/GI pipes 1.Type: (1) pre-painted (zinc: 60-120G/M2) (2) hot-dipped galvanized (zinc: 120-500G/M2) (3) cold-dipped galvanized（zinc:10-50G/M2） 2.Quality ...
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FRONT STREET CLOSURE
Beginning Monday, March 14, 2016, Front Street, between Crawford Street and Bond Street, will be closed between the hours of 7 a.m. to 5 p.m. for utility work.
Access to adjacent properties will be maintained. Work is expected to be complete by Thursday, March 17, 2016.
For additional information contact the City of Salina Public Works Department at (785) 309-5725.


INDA, NACWA, WEF and APWA Are Working Together to Reduce Costly Burden of Non-Flushables on U.S. Wastewater Systems
Nary a week goes by that you don’t see a news item picked up in the press about Wastewater Facilities and their problems with non-flushable wipes. The nonwovens industry has been trying to address this subject for many years now and they have recruited some help – in the form of NACWA (National Association of Clean Water Agencies), WEF (the Water Environment Federation) and APWA (American Public Works Association). They, along with INDA, are going to be staging a multi-pronged effort to help Wastewater facilities and the nonwovens industry.
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Could you name at least one material that’s considered one of the building blocks of a house, or building? Well, let me give you one item – rebars! A rebar is actually short for reinforced bar, or reinforcement steel bars. It’s made of a steel bar or mesh of steel wires that are used in reinforced to strengthen the structure and hold the concrete in tension. Let’s hear a couple more fun, fab facts about rebars.
The Basic Functions of a Rebar
A rebar has ribs (literally) which bind it mechanically to the concrete for better binding, and holding of the structure. A common rebar is composed of unfinished tempered steel, which makes it susceptible to rusting.
In a highly-corrosive environment (such as those that are located near the seashore), fiber-reinforced polymer rebars are used. A rebar is usually combined with other steel products, which are melted down and reformed to gain extra strength.
A rebar literally absorbs the shock of an earthquake (for a certain time), before the building or house collapses. This gives the people inside it a “sway warning”, which helps them evacuate the area quickly.
Rebars are also quenched with water at a high pressure, so that the outside surface is hardened and the inner core remains soft, giving the material the amazing ability to sway during an earthquake.
In coastal regions where the salt-infested winds can easily corrode metal, galvanized rebars are utilized to prolong its lifespan. And, when combined with concrete, these become one of the strongest and most resilient objects ever.
Other Fun, Common Facts About the Rebar
A rebar is one of the most commonly-used materials in the construction industry, next to cement, wood, sand, gravel and others. It is used to construct roads, bridges, buildings, irrigation canals, ports, railways, stadiums, high-rise towers and more.
These, and other, structures need to be strong and sturdy, and need to withstand earthquakes, hurricanes and other destructive natural occurrences. When rebars are inserted inside the concrete, these act as tension devices which allow the concrete to withstand high pressure.
Without rebars, the structure will become more fragile, and cannot hold together long enough when an earthquake, or some other calamity, strikes. Hence, a rebar helps enhance the strength and durability of a structure by holding it together.
Rebars are also needed for the construction of building footings, walls and columns, as well as roads and bridges and more. However, it’s not actually necessary in all concrete work, like in the construction of pathways, driveways or curbs.
Rebars are also made of steel, which is melted down to form into liquid. This process requires a lot of heat, since iron has a very high melting point. When steel is melted, it goes into small round openings, which form the share of the rebar.
Some manufacturers even used unfinished steel, which is actually a much cheaper option. However, this rusts easier, and rust can create a lot of internal pressure, which eventually breaks the concrete. However, stainless steel provides a stronger, reliable (yet more expensive) option for a reliable and longer-lasting rebar.
The History of Rebars
Reinforced bars have been used in masonry and construction since the 15th century. In the 18th century, it was used to form the Leaning Tower of Nevyansk in Russia, which was constructed on the orders of wealthy industrialist Akinfiy Demidov. High-quality cast iron was used for this project, and there is little or no evidence of corrosion on the bars up to this day.
However, it was not until the 19th century that rebars displayed their greatest strength, with the eventual embedding of steel bars into concrete, and thus producing modern reinforced concrete.
A guy named Joseph-Louis Lambot of France was known to have built reinforced concrete boats in Paris, while Thaddeus Hyatt of the United States also tested and manufactured reinforced concrete beams.
However, a Frenchman named Joseph Monier is hailed as one of the most notable figures for inventing and popularizing reinforced concrete. As a gardener, Monier patented the manufacture and use of reinforced concrete flower pots in 1867, before he continued towards building reinforced concrete water tanks and bridges.
An English engineer named Ernest L. Ransome, who was working in the US also made a significant contribution to the development of the rebar. Mr. Ransome invented the twisted iron rebar, which was initially ridiculed because the critics though that the twisting would eventually weaken the iron.
But, in 1889 Mr. Ransome worked in the West Coast designing bridges. He helped construct the Alvord Lake Bridge in San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park, which has hailed as the first reinforced concrete bridge ever built in the US. He utilized twisted rebars in this structure. At the same time, a guy named C.A.P. Turner also designed the “mushroom system” of reinforced concrete floor slabs with smooth round rods.
The requirements for deformations on steel bar reinforcement were not standardized in the US until 1950. To be exact, the modern-day requirements for deformations were established in “Tentative Specifications for the Deformations for Deformed Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement”, ASTM A305-47T.
One good thing about rebars is that they can actually be recycled as scrap. This means that the rebar is usually combined with other sleep products, melted down and re-formed. And, in many countries across the planet, after the demolition of a concrete structure is finished, the workers are often called in to remove the rebars.
The workers then scour the demolition site, extract the metal using bolt cutters, welding equipment, sledgehammers and other tools. And, once the rebars are collected, they are then sold as scrap.
So, who says that reinforced bars are bad for the environment? Yes, rebars make it possible to reuse scraps from old, junk items and re-form them back into various recycled materials, which helps to save the environment and make houses, buildings and other structure become strong, steady and still!


CULIACAN, Mexico –
Source LA Herald Tribune
President Felipe Calderon received a Guinness record certifying a world’s highest bridge. The honor was bestowed on by a bridge of 152 steel suspenders.with a span of 520 meters (1,705 feet), a total length of 1,124 meters (3,685 feet) and a width of 19.8 meters (65 feet).
Built at a world-record structural height of 403.4 meters (1,320 feet), its four lanes extend over a jagged stretch of the Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range known as the Devil’s Backbone, which links Durango and the neighboring coastal state of Sinaloa.
The bridge is part of the Durango-Mazatlan highway, built at a cost of more than 20 billion pesos ($1.46 billion) and the most significant road project during Calderon’s six-year term, which began in December 2006, the transportation ministry said in a statement .
The Baluarte Bicentennia Bridge will have a price tag of 2.18 billion pesos ($158.7 million). The span is nearly 86 percent complete and is scheduled to be finished by the end of January.
Calderon supervised the bridge Thursday along with the governors of Sinaloa and Durango and said that it will provide an economic boost to both states.“With developments in infrastructure, we’ll continue to achieve the targets established during my term,” the president said.


Water leaks if left can be costly and can do lots of damage. Any signs of water damage like brown stains are likely to be water stains.
U.K. Engineers can respond quickly to most emergencies. In most cases 2 hour. Our expertise within water leaks can be invaluable. We can guide you through your system in the event you don't know where your stop cock is.
Water leaks from heating systems are different from general plumbing, U.K. Engineers can carry out any fault finding on heating or general plumbing.
With Dorset, Hampshire, Surrey, Berkshire and Middlesex
Freephone 0333 733 12 03 Or 07460707220


Amedia Hotel The Rock – Graz, Austria
The A2Z tower “The Rock” is being built on the 6,607 m² plot at the Liebenauer Tangente in Graz. The tower will have 8 floors for office use and an Amedia Hotel with 202 double rooms and 28 apartments with top equipment on 13 floors as well as a conference centre on 1,000 m².
The financing bank required from the developer to be supplied with an independent financial feasibility study and project valuation before agreeing to provide the requested funding. Horwath HTL was instructed with this assignment and was able to prove that the projected rent is economically viable and reasonable.
Opening is planned for Q3 2021.


Brown Hot Water
If you have brown hot or cold water (you may notice it first when you fill a bath) it usually means one of two things – your hot water system is failing or you have old galvanised steel pipework which is rusting.
Both problems can be rectified and again it’s better to get this one sorted before it becomes urgent. The brown water is rust which indicates corrosion within your pipework or hot water system.
Unfortunately, it will only be a matter of time before the integrity of the tank or pipe fails and a leak occurs.


11th INTERNATIONAL EXPERTS' CONFERENCE
OCTOBER 4 - 5, 2021
HOTEL PATRIA****, ŠTRBSKÉ PLESO, HIGH TATRAS, SLOVAKIA
Head of Landfill Solutions and Deputy General Manager
Hofstetter Gastechnik AG
Best available technology: New product invented – how you can treat your landfill leachate with energy produced from your landfill gas.
BAT – možnosti spracovania priesakovej kvapaliny zo skládky s pomocou energie získanej zo skládkového plynu.
Landfill, landfill leachate, landfill gas, smell reduction
Annotation • Why should this project be implemented (the partner country’s needs)?
In this moment in Europe are more than 1000 landfills and dumpsites were no solution for landfill gas or for landfill leachate was addressed and there is no financing available for this really big environmental problem.
Each dumpsite is polluting the air, the soil and the surface and underground waters continuously.
A solution for these dumpsites is not easy to be found as many of them does not have even electrical connection to be possible to install collection or treatment equipment’s or systems.
• What shall be achieved?
In order to stop pollution and to improve the environment conditions and the life and health of surrounding ecosystems and inhabitant’s, minimum the following 2 systems must be immediately installed:
By installing a leachate collection and treatment system the soil and underground water will not be polluted anymore and all environmental conditions will be improved.
By installing landfill gas collection and treatment/utilisation system the air quality will be improved, fires will be prevented, explosion and intoxications will be prevented.
• How shall the project be carried out ?
Having 2 major issues with landfill gas and landfill leachate we are proposing a very innovative and probably unique approach for a landfill/dumpsite. We are proposing to collect the landfill gas and use in a cogeneration engine to produce heat and energy. Energy will be used for supplying the landfill gas collection system and leachate treatment collection and treatment system. Only for starts we will use a small UPS or a gas bottle for few minutes up until the gas engine will start running.
The landfill gas and landfill leachate will be collected through the same gas well heads (called mixt gas wellheads) drilled or done with local contractors. In a gas well head we will install the typical perforated pipe to extract the landfill gas but also a pump for extraction and collection of landfill leachate.
Landfill gas will be extracted and conditioned (cleaned and filtrated by activated carbon) and then sent in gas engine which will produce energy.
Landfill leachate will be extracted and sent to leachate treatment plant which will use a combination of technologies:
– 2-3 steps of physical filtration (sand filter and cartridge filter)
– 1 step chemical treatment (pH adjustment)
– 1 reverse osmosis step (which will remove more than 99% of all harmful substances)
In this way landfill gas will be used, and leachate will be treated. Both measures will reduce significantly the environmental impact. The recovered clean water can be used locally for washing or irrigations.
Alin Schiopu is an ISWA Waste Manager certified and with a vast experience in landfill gas, landfill leachate, water treatment, waste management, MBT evaluation and design environmental evaluations and all connected fields.
He is trained and certified in gas technologies, ATEX environment, membrane technologies, water treatment, gas treatment and many other fields.
Hofstetter Gastechnik AG is one of the few companies who has experience and expertise in both landfill gas and landfill leachate. The employees of the company are having a long and extended experience in landfill gas solutions. Hofstetter invented in the early 1970 s the first concept of landfill degassing, it was a landfill gas flare capable of collecting and burning the landfill gas.
And since than Hofstetter produced and delivered more than 2000 degassing plants worldwide.
Also in landfill leachate, company Hofstetter was a p[pioneer and was designing and producing one of the first landfill leachate treatment plants in Switzerland and in Europe.
And since then many landfills implemented leachate treatment facilities, many of them under the supervision and consultancy of Hofstetter.


How to Find a Reputable Contractor for New Construction
You have to hire the right contractor or the construction company to provide you with the services in your new construction project. The contractors that provide new construction services are so many in the in the market, and that can be confusing to get to find the right one to hire. Therefore, you should make sure that you are so keen and have strategies to use so that you can choose the right company with reliable and experienced contractors that you can hire. Below are some of the essential tips that you need to consider when choosing the best new construction company that you can hire for your new construction project.
You have to make sure that you are looking at the tools. You should be aware that the company you are about to hire for new construction has the right equipment for the job. In this case, you have to make sure that the company that you are choosing has the right equipment for the project and it will meet all the needs that are required for the entire construction. Such a contractor that has all the needed tools will be able to deliver quality construction and making your project accomplished easily.
Another tip to look at is the insurance. As you choose the best new construction contractor make sure that he is insured from a legitimate insurance company as that will make it secure for you in case of an accident during the construction since the company will take the liability.
Moreover, you need to look at the number of years the contractor has been in that industry. Those new construction contractors that have worked in that field for years will be able to have the best skills since experience increases the level of skills gained. You should make sure that you are considering the longevity the contractor has been carrying out new construction projects. The reason for doing this is that you will get the opportunity to choose the contractor with the longest history in the industry of building and construction.
It is crucial to ensure that you get to consider the license. For you to get the best construction services you are supposed to choose the legalized contractor. This is because the agency only gives the license to only those that have the right qualifications.
Also get recommendations. When you ask other people you will be led to the most reputable contractor that you can incorporate. Most of the referrals are out of the experience, and you will be directed to the new construction company that is reputable.


This Design/Specifier’s Manual serves as a reference manual for all builders, contractors, designers and customers seeking general information, specifications and details on the various Butler roof systems.
The goal of the Design/Specfier’s Manual is to help users determine which of Butler’s roof systems and details are most appropriate for a project.
The development and design of these roof systems began with the MR-24® roof and Butlerib® II roof. The MR-24 roof system was the first modern-day standing seam roof system. Today, it is specified more than any other standing seam roof on the market.
To meet the diversified needs of the ever-changing building market, Butler designed and developed the CMR-24®, VSR II™, and Butlerib® II. All of these roof systems are available with weathertightness warranties backed by Butler.
Each of the roof systems offered by Butler is presented in this manual with a general description, CSI Specifications and panel-specific details.
Questions, comments or additional assistance may be directed to Danny Bryson at Division 7 Sales, Inc., Independent Manufacturers' Representative for Butler Roofing.
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|Introduction to BUTLER Butlerib BRII Metal Roof System|
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|Last Updated||December 17, 2015|


Groundwater recharge rates in isolated and riverine wetlands. Delineation of areas contributing groundwater to springs and. All rocks, sediments and soils can hold and transmit water, but the rate of movement of water is slow often only metres per year m yr1 compared to flow in rivers normally metres per second m s1. Wetlands are a great example of where groundwater becomes surface water. Barbierb a environmental economist, the world bank, 1818 h street, washington dc 20433, usa b reader, environment department, university of. Some replenish groundwater and some regulate river flows. The importance of groundwater d longwood university. The spatial and temporal distribution of the rainfall mainly controls the natural groundwater recharge. The aim of this paper is to partially value the groundwater recharge function of the wetlands by applying the production function approach to analysing groundwater use in irrigated agriculture. It also can contribute toward high quality water in lakes, rivers and streams. Different areas can recharge groundwater at different rates. Wetlands are a vital part of the american landscape. In some cases, groundwater discharge sites are obvious, through visible springs or by the presence of certain plant species. What do the worlds largest cave, resurgent movie actor john.
In arid regions, recharge occurs through the ephemeral streams, which flow through the wadi course but. The vietnamese mekong delta vmd comprises extensive river and canal networks, both natural and manmade, and has a history of extensive land use change and development. Because recharge is a difficult parameter to quantify, it is. They are natural harvesters of rainwater, acting as sinks into which surface water andor groundwater flows from the surrounding catchment. Summary of groundwaterrecharge estimates for pennsylvania by stuart o.
Buildinguponthis background information, the effects of artificial drainage of wetlands on groundwater recharge are discussed. It is generally accepted that wetlands are sites of groundwater discharge i. Groundwater recharge an overview sciencedirect topics. History of wetlands in the conterminous united states. Chapter 6 groundwater recharge this chapter presents the standards, data, and procedures necessary to meet the groundwater recharge. Groundwater recharge can be defined as water added to the aquifer through the unsaturated zone after infiltration and percolation following any storm rainfall event. Aquifer recharge through managed wetlands for waterfowl jason a. Risser abstract groundwater recharge is water that infiltrates through the subsurface to the zone of saturation beneath the water table. Whenever water falls as rain or snow, some of the water absobs into the subsurface soil and rock.
Wetlands help maintain lake levels and river flows by storing. Yet groundwater flow and storage are continually changing in response to human and climatic stresses. The objectives of the wetland treatment programme are to evaluate a use of constructed wetlands as an alternative to conventional treatment, b feasibility of using constructed wetland systems for groundwater treatment, recharge, recovery and reuse. As a result from the discussions with representatives from the dutch hydrogeological community, the nnciah decided to focus its activities in 2001 2003 on management of aquifer recharge and subsurface storage. Its presence is dependent on the hydrological cycle, which is climate related. Understanding, maintaining, and protecting groundwater flow to these coastal areas is essential for protection of the species. Groundwater flow flow rate through geologic material controlled by. By focusing on agricultural production dependent solely on groundwater resources from the shallow aquifer, this study establishes that the groundwater recharge function of the wetlands is of significant importance for the floodplain. Aquifer recharge through managed wetlands for waterfowl. Groundwater recharge, water reuse, and wastewater recycling structures, including detention, retention and infiltration basins and ponds, that are constructed in upland or in nonjurisdictional waters.
In some places, wetlands can also recharge groundwater. Unesco eolss sample chapter groundwater groundwater rechargesophocleous m. Abstract the mississippi river valley alluvial aquifer ranks among the most overdrafted aquifers in the united states due to intensive irrigation. Wetlands play a vital role in the hydrological cycle. Many water flow processes of interest such as groundwater recharge are concerned only with areaaveraged water input. The recharge discharge function is an important but complicated part of wetland hydrology adamus and stockwell, 1983. Groundwater flows into aquifers as recharge and out as discharge. This type of stormwater facility is a combination of a surface marsh and a. According to these rules, a major development project, which is one that disturbs at least 1 acre of land or creates at least 0. Wise development of groundwater resources requires a more complete understanding of these changes in flow and storage and of their effects on. Valuing groundwater recharge through agricultural production. Water then moves through the saturated zone to groundwater discharge areas. The model was used to estimate that seepage from the wetlands will double groundwater discharge into the des plaines river and a tributary relative to.
One goal of this project is to evaluate wetlands treatment with respect to groundwater recharge potential. Overview of groundwater recharge and discharge groundwater recharge and discharge are important aspects of the. Groundwater recharge depends on several factors such as infiltration capacity, stochastic. The rechargedischarge function is an important but complicated part of wetland hydrology adamus and stockwell, 1983. Groundwater flows vertically and horizontally through the aquifers at rates that are in. Groundwater recharge depends on several factors such as infiltration capacity, stochastic characteristics of rainfall, and climate factors. Groundwater recharge and discharge are important aspects of the global hydrological.
Welfare change is calculated using the estimated production functions and hypothetical changes in groundwater recharge and hence, groundwater levels. Valuing groundwater recharge through agricultural production in the hadejianguru wetlands in northern nigeria gayatri acharyaa. Modelling groundwater recharge juser forschungszentrum julich. There are many natural processes that determine how much rainwater actually reaches and replenishes an aquifer instead of being evaporated, consumed by plants and animals, or simply running off the ground surface into streams, rivers. The reverse is also thought to be truethat wetlands recharge the aquifers and groundwater systems that provide the water many of us get from our faucets. Groundwater discharge is the process by which groundwater is discharged to the surface. Summary of groundwater recharge estimates for pennsylvania by stuart o. For areas where this practice is possible, it is reasonable to allow a groundwater recharge credit for it as a compensatory volume towards the natural recharge volume lost due to development. Surface that is the contact between saturated and unsaturated. Bonanza valley landowners now have a map to understand where they can restore wetlands most likely to recharge aquifers, while providing many other wetland restoration benefits.
Figure 1 shows how water recharges an unconfined aquifer and moves toward a river where it discharges. Other chemicals that travel from the surface unchanged can indicate sensitivity to contamination. Approximately 40 % of the worlds species depend on wetlands and threequarters of the breeding bird species in north america use wetlands at some point during their life. Surface and groundwater supply the groundwater recharge function of wetlands i. Groundwater pumping, often necessary for irrigation and municipal water supplies, can lead to significant problems such as land subsidence and the alteration of groundwater flow directions when overdraft occurs. Groundwater discharge to a wetland can originate nearby or from several miles away. Broderick underground water in harare, and everywhere, is a finite resource. Groundwater recharge through restorable wetlands wetland restorations can keep water on the land for long enough to soak into the soil and add water to aquifers. Delineation of areas contributing groundwater to springs. Flow through the fractured dolomite in door county can be rapid, making the countys groundwater extremely vulnerable to contamination. By one estimate, the annual recharge to the groundwater system in the western counties of virginia is approximately 8 inches, and. Chapter 6 groundwater recharge this chapter presents the standards, data, and procedures necessary to meet the groundwater recharge requirements of the njdep stormwater management rules at n. Planning and investigations for groundwater recharge using. Zekai sen, in applied drought modeling, prediction, and mitigation, 2015.
Introduction to wetlands describes the conditions necessary for the formation of wetlands. Objectives our goal was to implement an incidental groundwater recharge program to augment lateseason flows in the teton river and buffer against annual hydrologic variability. This leads to slower responses of groundwater to recharge or. Summary of groundwaterrecharge estimates for pennsylvania. Guidelines for the management of groundwater to maintain. As the handbook makes clear, many wetlands worldwide have close associations with groundwater but these relationships are often complex and varied, in both space and time. Delineating areas contributing water to the springs is the. An intermediate system, characterized by one or more topographic highs and lows located between its recharge and discharge areas. Wetlands and people international water management. Other objectives include assessment of wildlife habitat.
Wetlands separated from a water of the united states by only a natural berm, bank or. Improve water quality and groundwater recharge provide flood acres into the wetlands protection offer farmers an alternative for frequently flooded cropland provide education and recreational opportunities sequester carbon to help reduce greenhouse gases aid in the recovery and prevent listing of rare and declining species. Wetland hydrologic and waterquality functions are the roles that wetlands play in modifying or controlling the quantity or quality of water moving through a wetland. Groundwater atlas user guide minnesota department of. Effects of wetlands creation on groundwater flow sciencedirect. Groundwater discharge can maintain a high water table in wetlands, whereas recharge to the underlying aquifers can replenish groundwater supplies.
Some wetlands are areas of groundwater recharge that may be linked to human uses. By focusing on agricultural production dependent solely on groundwater resources from the shallow aquifer, this study establishes that the groundwater recharge function of the wetlands is of. Groundwater discharge is a more common wetland function and can be important for stabilizing stream flows, especially during dry months. A major court case in woburn, massachusetts, revolved around the rate of flow of solvents through a groundwater system. The soil under most wetlands is relatively impermeable. Groundwater recharge, water reuse, and wastewater recycling structures, including. Pdf conservation of the mekong delta wetlands through.
Chapter 1 the importance of water quality 10 streams streams interact with groundwater in three ways. Water inputs to wetlands often include both surface runoff and groundwater inflow in various combinations. Aquifer recharge is the process by which rainwater seeps down through the soil into an underlying aquifer. Leaching environment, tends to lower nutrient and carbonate concentrations wetland recharges the groundwater groundwater discharge wetlands water moves from the groundwater into the wetland. These areas, often described as springs or seeps, provide continuous sources of base flow for many of wisconsins wetlands, lakes, rivers, and streams. The dynamic nature of groundwater is not readily apparent, except where discharge is focused at springs or where recharge enters sinkholes.
Hence, groundwater discharge can represent a significant control over ecosystems. Whether it is through the recreational opportunities that lakes and rivers provide, the recharge and purification of groundwater, protection from flooding, or as a source of food and wildlife habitat, wetlands provide many valuable services. Site characteristics that determine groundwater recharge in. For example, recharge is essential to the refilling of aquifers for water supply. A high perimeter to volume ratio, such as in small wetlands, means that the surface area through which water can infiltrate into the groundwater is high. In a consecutive step the depth of groundwater was allocated to the wetlands using. Kirkham, in principles of soil and plant water relations second edition, 2014. Streams can gain water from the inflow of groundwater through the streambed gaining stream, figure a. Recharge, an integral part of the hydrologic cycle, is the process by which water moves to the water table and then away from that area through saturated materials. Groundwater accounts of twothirds of the world s freshwater supply. Where wetlands are sources of groundwater recharge for aquifers, wetland conservation is an essential element in maintaining water resources. Quantifying groundwater recharge from detention basins to.
Groundwater discharge can feed lakes, streams, and wetlands and is part of the reason surface water bodies dont dry up between rains. Groundwater discharge through wetlands can enhance the aquatic life communities in downstream areas. Lesson wetland ecosystems freshwater marshes and swamps. Geological survey usgs has taken an active role in studies involving the estimation of areas contributing recharge to wells fig. Therefore, preferential flow of water through structural voids does not necessarily invalidate equations that assume homogeneous. Wetlands are also interconnected with our lakes and rivers. Copies are freely available in pdf format from the. Groundwater recharge wetland water moves from the wetland towards the water table which is lower in the surrounding landscape. The cumulative benefits of the wetlands restored through wrp reach well beyond their boundaries to. These openings can store large amounts of water, accounting for the high yields of wells in this area. Notes on the harare groundwater situation october, 2012. Notes on the harare groundwater situation october, 2012 t. Planning and investigations for groundwater recharge using wetland. An understanding of wetland functions and the underlying chemical, physical, and biological processes supporting these functions facilitates the management and protection of.
Some evaporates, some is taken up by plants, some wets the surfaces of particles, and some percolates to the water table. It depends on rainfall for its recharge to groundwater storage. Valuing groundwater recharge through agricultural production in the hadejianguru wetlands in northern nigeria article in agricultural economics 223. However, no tools were available to quantify the volume of groundwater recharge expected from this practice. Evaporation occurs when water from such surfaces as oceans, rivers, and ice is converted to vapor. The groundwater aspects of the multipurpose wetlands research and demonstration study can be divided into two major groups. Groundwater recharge occurs through mineral soils found primarily around the edges of wetlands. This type of stormwater facility is a combination of a surface marsh and a subsurface gravel bed. The level of the groundwater, below which the rocks or sediments are saturated, is called the water table figure 1.308 1285 553 1366 883 837 1394 721 1042 280 923 229 1085 867 50 238 1388 268 1088 244 615 1239 181 1093 355 1619 648 527 9 662 511 583 996 565 525 376 43 967 364 405 1074 1476 299 734 1041 1457 406


How long does it take to complete a 203k renovation?
Unfortunately, there's no one-size-fits-all answer to how long a 203k renovation will take. The timeframe can vary significantly depending on several factors:
Complexity of the Project:
- Limited 203k: Smaller, non-structural renovations can typically be completed within 2-4 months.
- Standard 203k: More extensive projects involving structural changes or larger additions might take 4-8 months or even longer, depending on the scope.
- Contractor availability: Scheduling conflicts with your chosen contractor can impact the timeline.
- Material lead times: Delays in obtaining specific materials can extend the project duration.
- Permitting process: Complexities or unforeseen issues during the permitting process can cause delays.
- Weather conditions: Inclement weather can disrupt construction and push back completion dates.
- Unexpected discoveries: Hidden problems like structural damage or code violations can add significant time and cost to the project.
- Loan approval time: The initial loan approval process for a 203k loan can take 6-8 weeks, impacting the overall timeline.
- Inspections: Multiple inspections throughout the renovation process add time, but ensure quality and adherence to plans.
Tips for a Smoother Timeline:
- Choose an experienced 203k contractor: They can provide realistic timelines based on your project's scope and potential challenges.
- Communicate clearly: Maintain open communication with your contractor and lender throughout the process, addressing any concerns promptly.
- Build in a buffer: Include some flexibility in your timeline to account for unforeseen delays or adjustments.
- Track progress: Regularly monitor the progress and stay informed about potential roadblocks.
Remember, realistic expectations are key. While aiming for a specific completion date is good, be prepared for potential adjustments and prioritize quality over rushing the process. By carefully planning, choosing the right professionals, and communicating effectively, you can navigate the 203k renovation journey with a clearer understanding of the timeframe involved.


Pedestrians, Cyclists and Public Transport Get Priority
Copenhagen’s actions manifest themselves to us before we even realise it. A bridge that is not on our charts blocks our way to the marina. We moor opposite the impressive opera house instead. When we explore the city later that day, we learn that the bridge was opened only a few days ago. It is for pedestrians and cyclists only and provides a welcome shortcut from one side of the city to the other. A similar bridge is about to be constructed two kilometres south to further accommodate pedestrians and cyclists. Bicycle traffic is anticipated to increase in the coming years and the city is encouraging it by building better infrastructure. The intention is to make cycling safer, faster and thereby more appealing.
Bicycle “superhighways” have been created for commuters to cycle to the city centre fast and safely. Some traffic lights are synchronised to provide for “green waves”, meaning that cyclists go from green light to green light if they maintain their speed. In some places, two-way streets for cars have been turned into one-way streets with a separate and safe lane for cyclists.
We invite Emil Damgaard Grann on board to discuss Copenhagen’s actions. He works as an analyst with Sustainia, a consultancy firm that specialises in sustainability. Emil also has first-hand experience as a resident of Copenhagen. He confirms our findings and tells us what else is happening in the city: “Increasing the public transport network is a major priority. Two new metro lines are constructed. They will double the number of lines and help encourage residents to leave their cars at home.” The epicenter of construction, where all metro lines will meet, is Copenhagen’s main square, Kongens Nytorv. It has been turned into a giant construction site, as we witness on a discovery stroll around the city.
Energy and Heat Production in the City
Copenhagen is tackling one of the main source of carbon dioxide emissions: heating. Biomass and waste – not oil or coal, like in many other places – is burnt in district heating plants. The heat from combustion is used to heat businesses and households. The city’s city heating network is one of the world’s most extensive, and soon it will be extended with the Amager Resource Centre. This cutting-edge power plant has a futuristic design, and is built next to a new neighbourhood. The heating plant is intended to become a central aspect of the area, literally and figuratively close to the residents. A ski run on the roof is supposed to help make the heating plant a true part of the residents’ lives.
In the harbor we see a number of wind turbines. The city installed them here after a campaign to convince and involve the residents. Residents were given information about the turbines, and could witness for themselves that the turbines were no noise nuisance. The city also gave residents the possibility of becoming shareholders in the wind turbines to get them to back its project. Some 9,000 inhabitants invested in the wind turbines, which now allow Copenhagen to produce a portion of its electricity from wind energy. The city and the participating residents make a profit on the energy production, and there are plans to erect another 100 wind turbines in the near future.
Water Management for Survival and Better Living
Copenhagen climate actions aren’t just the result of a long-term vision – they also stem from a need for self-preservation. Sea level rise is a threat, as Copenhagen lies on the coast. In addition, it has to deal with more immediate effects of climate change such as heavy rainfall. In fact, the events of 2 July 2011 led to some of the climate adaptation measures the city is taking. On that day 150 millimetres of rain fell within just a few hours. Sewers flooded, public life came to a standstill and over 60 per cent of the population suffered water damage. The cost of the flooding was estimated at around $1 billion.
New water infrastructure was built to better deal with similar events in the future. Streets, parks and green roofs collect and store rainwater or divert it directly into the sea, as a result of which it is separated from the sewage system in the event of flooding. The city’s pavements also catch the water before slowly releasing it again.
As a result of these measures and the city’s modernised sewage system, the water in and around Copenhagen – collectively called the harbour area – is much cleaner than it used to be. It is hard to imagine that the harbour was once a dirty industrial area. The water is now so clean that we are tempted to jump right in. The city actually encourages swimming in the harbor. It has built swimming pools which are filled with seawater. Thanks to its targeted water management the harbor is now the place to be in the city.
It is obvious that the Danish capital is taking concrete actions to achieve its goals. At the same time, it is not pretending that it has all the answers. Right in front of the Parliament building in central Copenhagen we encounter a remarkable piece of art by Jens Galschiot titled “Unbearable“. The six meter high sculpture shows a full-size polar bear that is pierced by an oil pipeline. The shape of the oil pipeline mirrors a graph indicating the rising global carbon emissions from fossil fuels. The inscription reads: “We know the world’s climate is headed towards irreparable, self-reinforcing chaos – yet we insist on maintaining our lifestyle”. The stunning piece of art serves as a public reminder of the urgency of the climate crisis and that the government cannot address it without the people changing their lifestyles. At the same time we are convinced that the sculpture reinforces the commitment of the Danes to implement their world-leading policy changes.
We are impressed with the actions Copenhagen has already taken to reduce its carbon footprint and to make the city more sustainable. By doing so, it is also raising the city’s living standards, which shows that in a nutshell, making the city more sustainable is really about putting people first. Of course, not all aspects of public life are sustainable yet, and there is still a lot of room for improvement. At the same time, Copenhagen proves that a city can set ambitious climate goals and adapt its policies to achieve them. Thanks to investments of more than $4.5 billion between 2012 to 2025 and the city council’s determination, the city is well on its way to meeting its goals. Other cities can learn from Copenhagen’s example and we encourage them to do so!


Light Steel Frame evolved from the growing need for structures and buildings which have more efficient building techniques and a shorter construction period. The Light Steel Frame building technique fulfills the main need of the present, minimizing the carbon footprint of a building.
Light Steel Frame building was only recently introduced in South Africa. It rapidly became one of the most exhilarating developments in the steel and building industries. Light Steel Frame building offers speed, quality and cost efficiency and contributing the environment.
Light Steel Frame construction works on a system where high tensile galvanized steel (thickness 0.53mm, 0.8mm and 1.0mm) is cold rolled into panels (60mm for roof trusses and 90mm profiles). The panels are riveted together at fabrication point or on site for construction. Containerized machinery can be used for onsite fabrication and construction.


On 2 June 2022, the City of Cape Town’s Water and Sanitation Directorate recognised Blue Route Mall during its Water Star Rating Certification Ceremony for our good practice in water stewardship, which helps reduce pollution and encourages water wise usage in their operations.The City’s voluntary Water Star Rating Certification system recognises businesses, government departments, residential estates, education, environmental and health institutions that comply with water-related by-laws, practice integrated water management, promotes pollution prevention and water wise usage. Participants that receive one star are certified as compliant with the relevant water legislation and the City’s Water By-laws. This in itself is worthy of recognition, but participants can be awarded up to five stars, depending on the extent of their efforts to conserve water and prevent pollution. Blue Route Mall was awarded a 4 star.
The Water Star Rating Certification is one of the initiatives that aims to help achieve the commitments set in the City’s Water Strategy, support the drive towards cleaner inland waterways which is a Mayoral priority, and becoming a more ‘water sensitive’ city.