Asphalt pavement is among the most popular for driveways, parking lots, and roads. Unfortunately, this durable material isn’t indestructible and can suffer damage from various environmental occurrences like snowstorms or extreme heat.?
While asphalt damage is inevitable at some point, even with proper maintenance, being aware of the common types of damage can help you spot any potential problems before they worsen.?
So, let’s look at what we should look for regarding asphalt pavement damage!
If you notice these damages, contact a?commercial asphalt paving Meriden?company immediately.
Potholes are an unavoidable annoyance in many paved areas. These voids form throughout asphalt pavement due to environmental degradation, such as heavy rainfall and car traffic wearing away at the bitumen-aggregate blend.?
It is estimated that pothole repair costs U.S. taxpayers hundreds of millions of dollars each year. Their effects go beyond being an eyesore; neglected potholes can destroy tires, cause damage to vehicles due to jolting, and lead to hazardous road conditions for drivers and pedestrians alike.?
Making regular assessments of roadways isn’t only critical for our safety but can help reduce spend on costly repairs down the line.
Corrugations, or ripples, in asphalt pavements are a widespread occurrence. The corrugation process develops from the mixture of loads and traffic on the pavement. If a pavement is heavily trafficked and means to repair it aren’t taken quickly enough, the asphalt can start to settle in certain areas.?
Over time, this oscillation will increasingly become more severe until ripples form on the road. These grooves cause a bumpy ride and lead to driver discomfort. It becomes especially problematic when divots start, increasing surface area for water accumulation and leading to further damage.?
Repairing or replacing these sections of roadway helps extend its lifespan while providing drivers a smoother ride.
Asphalt pavements are commonly used for roadways, parking lots, and driveways worldwide due to their low cost and adequate durability.?
Unfortunately, despite their many advantages, grade depressions in asphalt pavements can occur over time due to wear and tear from traffic loads or a temperature change.?
Grade depressions can be uncomfortable for drivers when the depressed area is large enough for them to feel through the tires. In addition, water or debris may accumulate in a grade depression area, making it difficult to traverse.?
Therefore, it is vital to recognize the signs of grade depression early on so you can forestall further damage or schedule maintenance work on your pavement.
Asphalt pavements are used in roads, highways, airport runways, and other areas to provide a smooth and durable surface. However, they are vulnerable to weather-related damage caused by water, UV radiation from the sun, and oxidation from air.?
This type of damage is known as weathering. Such degradation can lead to cracking and deterioration of the asphalt surface, making it more susceptible to further damage, such as potholes or puddles forming over time.?
Therefore, routine inspection and maintenance of asphalt pavement surfaces are essential to prevent further widespread damage caused by weathering.?
Restorative measures must also be taken promptly, including sealing cracks with hot rubberized asphalt or resurfacing old pavements.


We are always searching for ways that we can add to our residence. It may be in adding a specific type of house siding or roof, with updating the landscape design or probably by making our driveway smoother as well as easier to make use of, yet the truth is that we are always in search of something that can assist us stand apart from the rest.
When it involves including a function that is practical and also yet flexible one such option is to include concrete construction aspects. Be it a masonry patio area, an outside fireplace, constructing a lanai or having an outside kitchen, the usage for masonry are as numerous and also varied as your imagination or spending plan. As well as, talking budget plan, due to its durability and also ease of upkeep, choosing concrete construction is one of one of the most budget plan pleasant options available.
Yet what is that can be developed using stonework? Why, virtually anything you may desire! From indoor elements such as stunning stained or marked concrete floors, staircases, or columns to outside features like swimming pool side patios, driveways, pathways, garden paths, outdoor kitchen areas and fire places concrete is the perfect tool for all things home related.
5 Ways to Include Concrete Construction:
If you have constantly considered concrete to be ideal for just the evident things like driveways or by the pool, you could be amazed to consider it as other residence elements. Take into consideration these fun use concrete:
1. Create a custom-made cooking area regina construction counter by using concrete. You can tailor everything from the color, the thickness, and even opt to embed individual items in the concrete prior to it established for a really tailored look.
2. Include concrete tipping stones to a garden path Sure you can get them at your local garden shop, but why not produce your very own shapes, designs, shades and also sizes! Much extra fun.
3. Have an outside kitchen area constructed, and integrate concrete components such as seats, planters, or table tops,
4. Need assist with disintegration? Add a masonry maintaining wall surface and also keep the dirt and yard where you desire it.
5. Usage concrete to make a raised bed area for your lawn
Concrete construction is absolutely nothing brand-new, as it has actually been made use of in style for years. Talk to a local concrete professional today.
Lots of internet sites provide additional information on the topic of concrete construction. One such site worth going to is http://www.wohlwendconcrete.com
When it comes to adding an attribute that is yet flexible and also functional one such alternative is to include concrete construction components. And also, talking of spending plan, due to the fact that of its sturdiness as well as simplicity of upkeep, deciding for concrete construction is one of the most spending plan pleasant selections readily available.
From interior components such as lovely tarnished or marked concrete floorings, staircases, or columns to outside functions like swimming pool side outdoor patios, driveways, pathways, yard paths, outside kitchen areas and fireplaces concrete is the perfect medium for all things house related.
Create a custom cooking area counter by making use of concrete. Concrete construction is absolutely nothing brand-new, as it has been used in architecture for years.


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Acre Impact Capital takes on Africa infrastructure gap with fresh investment
London-based investment manager Acre Impact Capital, which focuses on infrastructure in emerging markets, has secured fresh investment as it looks to narrow a daunting US$100B financing gap in Africa.
The company announced in early May it had secured catalytic investment from The Rockefeller Foundation and GuarantCo, which is part of the Private Infrastructure Development Group (PIDG) and is funded by the governments of the UK, Switzerland, Australia and Sweden.
Acre Impact Capital partners with both commercial lenders and export credit agencies (ECAs) to support growth-stage infrastructure projects in Africa and give underserved communities access to essential services.
The involvement of ECAs helps minimise the risks associated with infrastructure projects in emerging markets while delivering risk-adjusted market-rate returns to private sector backers, it says.
The value of the investment has not been disclosed, but the company says it will be used to bolster its growth plans and support the launch of multiple private debt impact funds focused on the export finance market.
Target sectors include healthcare, education, transport, renewable energy and digital infrastructure, as well as water, sanitation and waste management.
Source: Further Africa


How do you find your septic tank? Great question, right?
Septic tanks are crucial components of properties not connected to municipal sewage systems. Proper maintenance and regular inspections of septic systems are essential for their functionality and longevity.
One of the first steps in septic system maintenance is to know the location of your septic tank. Pumping a septic tank is the chief reason for locating your system. While it might seem daunting, finding and locating your septic tank can be straightforward with the proper guidance.
Locating septic systems can be challenging when you’ve always had homes with public sewers. We’ll walk you through the steps to help you find your septic tank accurately.
Check the property records
If you’ve recently moved into a property with a septic system, the property records or blueprints might have information about the septic tank’s location. These documents could give you a general idea of where the tank might be on your property.
Contact the previous owner or professionals
If you have the previous owner’s contact information, they can provide valuable information about the septic tank’s location. Additionally, septic system professionals or plumbers might have been involved in installing or maintaining the system, making them knowledgeable about its whereabouts.
Look for visual clues
Septic tanks often leave subtle visual cues to help you identify their location. Look for areas in your yard that might be slightly raised or have a different texture. The grass might be greener or lusher over the septic tank area due to the nutrient-rich wastewater fertilizing the soil.
Follow the plumbing lines
Start by locating the main plumbing clean-out on your property. This pipe extends vertically from the ground, usually near the house. The tube might have a cap on it. The line connecting this clean-out to your home can give you an idea of where the septic tank might be located, as it generally runs straight.
Check for access points
Septic tanks typically have access points that allow for inspection and maintenance. These access points might be covered with lids made of plastic or concrete. They are usually around 8 to 12 inches in diameter and are often found near the septic tank. Gently probe the ground with a long metal rod to find the edges of the access point.
Consult with septic system professionals
If you’re having difficulty locating your septic tank, it’s best to consult with septic system professionals. They have specialized equipment, such as ground-penetrating radar, that can accurately detect the tank’s position underground. Hiring professionals can save you time and prevent accidental septic system damage.
Use a septic tank locator service
If you still need help locating your septic tank on your own, consider using a septic tank locator service. These professional services specialize in finding underground structures like septic tanks. They utilize advanced technology and tools, such as ground-penetrating radar and electromagnetic sensors, to accurately pinpoint the location of the tank without causing any disruption to your property.
Survey your property
If you have access to a property survey, it can provide valuable information about the layout of your land and the position of underground structures. Look for any survey markings or notations indicating the septic tank’s location.
If you don’t have a study, consider hiring a surveyor to create one.
Observe drain field placement
Septic systems consist of a septic tank and a drain field. The drain field is where wastewater from the tank is released into the soil for natural filtration. While the septic tank itself might be challenging to find, the drain field could provide some clues. The drain field is typically located downhill from the septic tank and can give you a rough idea of the tank’s location.
Explore near water sources
Septic tanks are usually placed away from water sources like wells, streams, and lakes to prevent contamination. Knowing the location of these water sources on your property can help you narrow down the potential areas where your septic tank might be situated.
Trial and error
Finding the septic tank might involve trial and error. If you’ve exhausted all other options, consider probing the ground systematically around the suspected areas. Use a metal rod or a septic tank probe to gently poke the bottom and feel for resistance or hollow space, which could indicate the presence of the tank.
Knowing the location of your septic tank is vital for its maintenance and upkeep. Regular inspections and timely pumping are essential to prevent costly repairs and maintain the efficiency of your septic system.
Having your septic system pumped should be on a regular schedule of about three to five years, depending on your family size. The cost of septic tank pumping is very reasonable. Following the steps outlined in this guide to find and locate a septic tank, you’ll be well on your way to taking care of this vital home maintenance item.
If the search becomes challenging, don’t hesitate to seek help from septic system experts who specialize in helping you locate a septic tank. This assistance will ensure the longevity and proper functioning of your septic system.
Remember, proper maintenance and care for your septic system contribute to the overall health of your property and the environment.


Architecture site analysis (or site analysis architecture), is the process of evaluating a particular locations physical, mental, and social characteristics with the ambition of developing an architectural solution that will both address and enhance its internal and external context.
Every site is unique and will consist of many complex elements such as: varying topography, watercourses, trees, plants, habitats, and weather patterns to name a few. All of which will and should influence an architect’s design process and decision-making.
The appropriate analysis of these elements will initially help determine the buildings placement, orientation, form and materiality, but then later go on to influence its structure, sustainability and procurement route.
…providing a very vital foundation and crucial starting point for any architectural project.
What is a site analysis architecture?
A site analysis in architecture refers to the process of evaluating a specific location to understand its various characteristics and constraints. This analysis is crucial for architects to design buildings or structures that are appropriate for their context. Key aspects of site analysis include:
- Location and Context: Geographical location, urban or rural setting, neighborhood context.
- Topography: Landform, slopes, elevation, and contours of the site.
- Climate: Local weather patterns, sun path, wind direction, precipitation levels.
- Vegetation: Types of plants, trees, and natural features present on the site.
- Soil Type: Composition, stability, and bearing capacity of the soil.
- Hydrology: Presence of water bodies, drainage patterns, flood risk areas.
- Access and Circulation: Availability of roads, pedestrian paths, and public transport.
- Existing Structures: Buildings or other structures already on the site.
- Utilities and Services: Availability of electricity, water, sewage, internet, and other services.
- Regulatory Factors: Zoning laws, building codes, environmental regulations.
- Cultural and Historical Factors: Historical significance, cultural landmarks, or heritage sites.
- Views and Vistas: Scenic views or important sightlines from and to the site.
- Noise and Air Quality: Levels of ambient noise, air pollution, and other environmental factors.
- Sunlight and Shade: Patterns of sunlight and shade throughout the day and year.
- Wind Patterns: Prevailing wind directions and strength, impact on the site.
The outcome of site analysis is typically a comprehensive report that guides the design process, ensuring that the proposed structure harmoniously integrates with its surroundings, adheres to regulatory requirements, and meets the needs of its intended use.
The process of researching, observing, and analyzing the physical, cultural, social, historical, environmental, and infrastructural characteristics of a site inform the design of a building or space.
The information gathered during both a virtual and physical analysis process, is used to develop a comprehensive understanding of the site, including its opportunities, constraints, and potential, and to guide decision-making throughout the design process.
Site analysis is an essential step in the pre-design phase of any architectural project, and is used to develop a strong conceptual basis for the design proposal.
Who’s involved in the process?
Collaboration is essential for site analysis, but the approach may vary depending on factors such as the type of project and whether it is a group or singular exercise, as well as site proximity.
For live projects, given that site analysis encompasses various data types beyond design, technical research is often outsourced. This typically involves engaging land surveying services and engineers (both geotechnical and civil) to address questions related to topography, soils, hydrology, utilities, zoning, and land use.
(Obviously at a student level this isn’t required, and will often be provided with the project brief if relevant.)
…Successful site analysis is often greatly benefited by also considering and incorporating input from the community members who will be most impacted by the project.
Why do you carry out an architectural site analysis?
As already touched on, a projects success is built on its relationship to its site and surroundings, and therefore by default should always be bespoke to and based on its location and local characteristics.
Every site has very specific solar orientations, views (good and bad) and often a very explicit character and atmosphere. Each one of these areas is an opportunity to generate a meaningful conceptual approach and a way to devise a buildings shape, layout, form and materiality.
Once established, further analyse of access, wind direction, site levels, vegetation, local context, privacy, services (electrical lines, drainage, telephone lines) will help cement any early conclusions made.
…This is the purpose of site analysis, and why it more than simply ticking boxes to meet a criteria, everything needs to relate back to the foundations established early on during the investigatory period. So that when required it can help provide the answers to future questions.
“Good design is generated from strong, simple and well-established concepts.”
How is site analysis used to plan and develop projects?
When considering local weather patterns, the aim should be to always provide a building with the best possible access to solar gains, daylight and shelter.This can be achieved through calculated control of the effects of the sun path, wind and rainfall, through good positioning of openings and rooflines to provide natural light, warmth and shelter throughout the year.
To cool a building, its orientation can pull and circulate cool summer air though its plan by aligning its long axis with the prevailing wind direction and by providing deep over hangs for shade. During the winter months, its built volumes can provide shelter and create protected external spaces via courtyards.
When using the context to influence materiality, look towards the local vernacular of the surrounding buildings. For example, dry stonewalls and corten steel can be used as a modern interpretation of agricultural buildings without mimicking.
Rammed earth walls for example can be used to represent an extension of the site and if the local soil type is right could even be built from the land.
Weathering timber creates a nice narrative of changing and growing old with a site.
When the site has prominent views, buildings can address the landscape with large framed apertures and pick key views and features to specifically draw attention to. Moving between rooms can generate different views and therefore experiences at different times of day, depending on how and when the spaces are used.
These ideas are site specific and only have meaning through being relevant, and this relevancy is generated through knowing your site.
Site Analysis Steps and Processes – Examples of the information to look for
Referred and referenced to throughout the design and construction process, the below list highlights some of the key areas that should be investigated, along with examples of how site analysis recordings can be presented.
These examples were created using our site analysis drawing symbols kit in Adobe Photoshop.
01 – General
- Geographic location
- Site boundary
- Entrance locations and types
- Site security
- Existing buildings
02 –Neighboring buildings
- Site lines
- Rights to light
- Legal restrictions
- Noise levels
03 –Legal Restrictions
- Conservation areas
- Covenants and easements
- Rights of way
- SSSI ( Site of Special Scientific Interest)
- Listings (Grade II, II*, I)
- TPO’s (Tree preservation orders)
- Previous planning permissions and applications
- Public routes
- Private routes
- Vehicle access
- Pedestrian access
- Existing site circulation routes within
05 – Topography
- Key features/restrictions
06 – Views
- Private views out
- Public views in
07 – Sun paths
- Sun paths
- Solar gains
08 – Wind patterns
- Prevailing direction
09 – Public Transport Links
010 – Trees and vegetation
- TPO’s and protected species
- Root protection areas
- Items for removal
- Items to maintain
011 – Ecology
- Protected species
- Protected zones
012 – Site restrictions
- Neighbors / adjacent conditions
- Land slides
013 – Features
- Areas to expose/use
- Areas to improve
- Areas to hide
014 – Hazards
- (Electricity lines, Drainage, Telephone lines, Sub-stations)
- Derelict Buildings
- Unfinished building works
Breaking down your site analysis data
When conducting site analysis, it’s important to take a strategic approach by considering both objective and subjective data at three different scales: Global, Macro, and Micro.
- Global refers to the very large context of the site, including its relationship to the suburb, city, and even larger geographical area.
- Macro encompasses the full site and its immediate surroundings on all sides
- Micro focuses on the individual elements and characteristics within the site itself.
It’s important to remember that the site and project do not exist in isolation but are part of a larger and constantly changing context.
They have connections and relationships with the immediate surroundings, the wider site, the suburb and city, as well as the local community and the people living within it.
Objective – Objective or hard data pertains to the conditions that exist on a site, irrespective of human interaction. These factors are objective because they exist regardless of our observation or experience, and they are what they are.
For example, the above:
- and typography
…are all objective elements.
Subjective – Subjective or soft data encompasses the conditions or situations on a site that arise due to human interaction. These factors are subjective as they are subject to change over time and exist only because humans create, interact with, or experience them.
They are primarily sensory in nature and relate to what humans can see, hear, smell, taste, and touch, and how they experience the site.
For example, the above:
…are all subjective elements.
How to do site analysis
The analysis of a site goes beyond its property lines, and includes an assessment and feasibility of its physical state and surroundings, along with relevant historical information. Conducting a desk based study prior to visiting the site can provide valuable information and help identify specific areas to focus on during your visit.
01 – Site research
To prepare for a site visit, it may be helpful to obtain an OS map or location plan of the area and review client information to determine the location of site boundaries. This information can inform the site analysis and facilitate a more informed assessment of the site.
To fully understand a site, it’s important to assess any significant changes to the physical and architectural landscape, as well as the site’s neighboring context, adjacent sites, and its significance to the community.
Fortunately, there are several sources of information available to aid in site analysis. Google Street View and aerial photographs offer a recent history of a site, and can be used for site plans and mapping information. Tools such as CadMapper and CadEarth provide 3D maps for volumetric references.
Local government websites often have property records and maps that provide information on zoning, land ownership, school districts, transportation, and utilities.
Additionally, community centers, neighborhood associations, local historical societies, and newspapers can be resources for accessing archives or documented histories of a site and its greater context.
By utilizing these resources, a more comprehensive understanding of the site can be gained. We have a full article on how to conduct a successful desktop study here.
02 – Visiting the site
Upon arriving at the site, it’s good practice to verify any information, documents, and research obtained during the above desktop analysis, and identify any incorrect or conflicting information or conditions. Additionally, record all other existing conditions present on the site.
This will ensure accurate and up-to-date information is used in the design process, and any issues or discrepancies can be addressed promptly.
First impressions of the site are crucial, so pay attention to initial responses and collect sensory data, including points of entry. Asking questions about accessibility, parking, nearby traffic or transit, and noise levels can provide valuable information.
Observing existing spatial relationships can also be really helpful. Take note of how people move about the space and what they naturally gravitate towards. Consider any relationship between movement and sunlight or shade. Measurements may need to be taken, if not already provided via a site plan.
Visual documentation such as photographs, sketches, and videos can also be useful. Take photos of the site itself as well as views from the site, which can be used for annotations or context in later perspectives and renderings. By bringing these items and conducting a thorough analysis, a more informed and comprehensive design approach can be taken.
The below site analysis checklist can greatly aid with this, and we have a full article on what to do and take when visiting your site for first time here.
03 – Evaluation
After visiting the site and collecting information, the next step is to examine the findings. This involves reviewing the gathered data, putting the findings alongside one another, and exploring their relationships.
It’s important to remember that the design process is not linear. By this stage, a good understanding of the brief, users, activities, and program for the project should be developed.
It’s also a good time to start developing preliminary concept ideas in parallel with finalizing your analysis. By considering these factors, a more informed and comprehensive design approach can be taken.
We again have a dedicated article breaking down this process here
04 – Presentation
While not always required, presenting site analysis information can be helpful in many cases.
The presentation of collected information and conclusions drawn from the site analysis stages provides context for each project. While data collection is crucial, it’s pointless without transcribing the information into relevant and easily understandable content.
During analysis, certain site conditions may have a greater influence on design parameters and decision-making.
By combining research, observations, and newfound limitations, we can apply our findings to the schematic design and programming phase. This is where the information collected during site analysis is used to create a design concept that meets the project’s goals and requirements.
The most important aspect of presenting site analysis is ensuring the information is clear and easily digestible.
Avoid spending excessive time on fancy graphics if the information is difficult to understand. By following these tips, site analysis can be effectively presented to communicate the necessary information.
We have a full article on site analysis presentation here, and another discussing site analysis symbols here.
Tools and Resources for Site Analysis
Below is a selection of useful resources for finding examples of site analysis in architecture, showcasing how architects have used this process to inform their design decisions and create a successful project plan.
From urban public spaces to rural residential projects, these examples demonstrate how site analysis is an essential step in creating thoughtful and contextually responsive architecture:
- Architecture competitions entries
- End of year shows
Also check out our own Architecture site analysis diagram and presentation examples onPinterest
…Together with Adobe Photoshop, if you are interested in using the above symbols for your own site analysis recordings and presentation, then head over to our shop (Here).
And as discussed, for a further and detailed breakdown of how to use your site analysis to develop meaningful design responses, our set of resources contained within the below Concept Kit provides tried and tested methods and processes to developing bespoke approaches.
The Concept Kit
Discover the core components, principles, and processes to form the foundations of award winning work.
Have confidence in your design process.
Site analysis checklist
Lastly, we get a lot of questions regarding site analysis checklists and where they can be found, and so we’ve created our own …two in-fact! Scroll down to download the free checklists in PDF format.
Why use a checklist for your site analysis work?
Trying to recall tasks that need to be completed not only wastes time, but mostly results in them being lost or forgotten.A good checklist helps to stop this and frees up your mind to actually work on the items, instead of trying to remember them .
Having a large amount of to do actions can and will overwhelm and demoralize even the most motivated among us.
By removing them and writing them down, we are able to physically visualize what needs to be accomplished, and concentrate on a systematic approach to complete them one by one.
When facing a deadline this becomes vitally important.
As soon as a new task is created, write in down and add it to your checklist, this then becomes your physical record of the event that you have complete control over (no memory required), and it will exist until it is finished and crossed off.
When working in an architectural firm or any other professional scenario, there is nothing worse than being asked to do something to then only forget certain details or the whole task altogether! This will only result in the wrong work being done and key elements missed out. …not to mention the embarrassment.
Be professional and don’t try to accumulate instructions in your head to document later …they will be forgotten! Write everything down, as it happens.
By structuring your thinking in this way and using checklists as recording and instruction tools, it will formulate and structure your working day, making you more efficient.
The tasks written down should then be ticked or crossed off as they are completed, this will not only ensure their completion, but also provide you with a level of achievement and satisfaction that you are moving forward.
Checklists should also be used to priorities work into deadlines, levels of importance and timescales, helping to plan out how and when tasks can and should be completed, and ensure key information and dates are not missed.
Site analysis checklist free download (pdf)
Following on from the above, here we have provided two site analysis checklists that firstly cover all of the primary areas of the site analysis process and secondly, provide a checklist outlining what to assess during your first site visit.
To download our free checklists, simply sign up with your email below and follow the download link provided:
Sign up to our mailing list to receive our free Site Analysis and Site Visit Checklists
FAQs about architecture site analysis
What are the 4 essential elements of site analysis?
The four essential elements of site analysis in architecture include:
- Physical and Environmental Characteristics: This involves a thorough evaluation of the site’s topography, scale, architectural character, social and historical context, environment, key views, and geology.
- Site Research and Documentation: This step is about understanding the history and current state of the site and its surroundings, which includes taking photographs, measurements, and documenting the topography and existing infrastructure.
- Tools and Techniques for Analysis: Using existing plans and drawings, conducting climate analysis, sun path analysis, and topographical site surveys to understand site conditions and inform design decisions.
- Identifying Opportunities and Constraints: After gathering information, architects evaluate the site’s key views, spatial qualities, strengths, and opportunities to form design principles and create a functional, responsive, and aesthetically pleasing design.
These elements are crucial in making informed design decisions that maximize the site’s potential and minimize any negative impact on its surroundings.
What are the five components of a site analysis plan?
The five components of a site analysis plan are:
- Site Description: Detailed information about the site’s location, size, boundaries, and any historical or cultural significance.
- Climate and Weather: Analysis of local weather patterns, temperature ranges, and prevailing winds to design for energy efficiency and comfort.
- Topography and Landform: Analysis of elevation changes, slopes, and landforms to determine the best placement and orientation for structures.
- Vegetation and Landscape: Assessment of existing vegetation and natural features for ecological integration and preservation.
- Surrounding Context: Evaluation of neighboring buildings, streets, and infrastructure to understand the site’s relationship with its environment.
- Infrastructure and Services: Assessment of available resources such as water, electricity, sewage, and transportation networks for the feasibility of the design.
Each component plays a crucial role in informing the design process, ensuring the proposed architecture is feasible, sustainable, and well-integrated into its context.
What essential elements do architects use for their site analysis?
The four essential elements of site analysis in architecture are:
- Physical context: This includes analyzing the topography, geology, hydrology, climate, and vegetation of the site.
- Social context: This involves analyzing the cultural, economic, and social characteristics of the community and understanding how the project can fit into the community.
- Historical context: This includes understanding the historical and cultural significance of the site, and how it has been used and transformed over time.
- Regulatory context: This involves understanding the zoning and building codes, land use regulations, and other legal requirements that may impact the design and development of the project.
Where can I find a site analysis architecture template?
ou can find site analysis architecture templates from the following sources:
- Online Architectural Resources: Websites like Archisoup, The Architecture Designs, or First In Architecture often provide resources and templates for architects, including site analysis templates.
- Design Software Platforms: Software used for architectural design like AutoCAD, Revit, SketchUp, or ArchiCAD often have downloadable templates or add-ons for site analysis.
- Educational Institutions: University architecture departments may offer resources for students, including site analysis templates that could be available online.
- Professional Architectural Forums and Communities: Joining professional networks or forums where architects share resources can be a good way to find customizable templates.
Remember to ensure that any template you use can be adapted to the specific requirements of your project and site conditions.
Whats the best site analysis architecture software?
The best site analysis architecture software often includes the following:
- AutoCAD and AutoCAD Civil 3D: Widely used for creating precise 2D and 3D drawings, including site analysis plans.
- Revit: Known for Building Information Modeling (BIM), useful for creating detailed site analysis with data-rich models.
- SketchUp: Popular for its user-friendly interface and vast library of plugins and extensions, suitable for site modeling and analysis.
- GIS Software: Software like ArcGIS or QGIS is used for detailed geographical and environmental data analysis.
- Rhino with Grasshopper: For complex sites, Rhino coupled with Grasshopper can perform advanced topographical and environmental analyses.
The choice of software can depend on the specific needs of the project, the complexity of the site, and the user’s familiarity with the tool. It’s recommended to try a few and see which aligns best with your workflow and project requirements.
What is SWOT analysis in architectural site analysis?
SWOT analysis is a tool used in architecture site analysis to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of a particular site. It is a strategic planning method that helps architects and designers evaluate the potential of a site by examining its internal and external factors.
The strengths and weaknesses are internal factors that relate to the site itself, such as its physical attributes, condition, and accessibility. The opportunities and threats are external factors that relate to the surrounding environment, such as zoning regulations, community needs, and potential hazards.
By conducting a SWOT analysis, architects and designers can identify the unique characteristics of a site and develop design strategies that capitalize on its strengths and opportunities, while minimizing its weaknesses and threats.
This analysis can help in the decision-making process, informing the design concept and guiding the development of the project program.
Cover image – Beatriz Caon Amenta
Insights, advice, suggestions, feedback and comments from experts
As an expert and enthusiast, I have a deep understanding of various topics, including architecture and site analysis. I can provide information and insights based on my knowledge and the search results I have access to. Let's dive into the concepts mentioned in this article.
Site Analysis in Architecture
Site analysis in architecture refers to the process of evaluating a specific location to understand its various characteristics and constraints. This analysis is crucial for architects to design buildings or structures that are appropriate for their context [].
Key Aspects of Site Analysis
The article mentions several key aspects of site analysis in architecture. These include:
- Location and Context: This involves considering the geographical location, urban or rural setting, and neighborhood context of the site.
- Topography: Evaluating the landform, slopes, elevation, and contours of the site.
- Climate: Analyzing local weather patterns, sun path, wind direction, and precipitation levels.
- Vegetation: Understanding the types of plants, trees, and natural features present on the site.
- Soil Type: Assessing the composition, stability, and bearing capacity of the soil.
- Hydrology: Examining the presence of water bodies, drainage patterns, and flood risk areas.
- Access and Circulation: Considering the availability of roads, pedestrian paths, and public transport.
- Existing Structures: Taking into account any buildings or structures already present on the site.
- Utilities and Services: Evaluating the availability of electricity, water, sewage, internet, and other services.
- Regulatory Factors: Considering zoning laws, building codes, and environmental regulations.
- Cultural and Historical Factors: Assessing the historical significance, cultural landmarks, or heritage sites associated with the site.
- Views and Vistas: Identifying scenic views or important sightlines from and to the site.
- Noise and Air Quality: Analyzing levels of ambient noise, air pollution, and other environmental factors.
- Sunlight and Shade: Understanding patterns of sunlight and shade throughout the day and year.
- Wind Patterns: Assessing prevailing wind directions and strength, and their impact on the site [].
These elements collectively contribute to the comprehensive understanding of a site and guide the decision-making process throughout the design phase.
Importance of Site Analysis
Site analysis is an essential step in the pre-design phase of any architectural project. It provides a vital foundation and starting point for architects to develop a strong conceptual basis for their design proposals. By thoroughly analyzing the site's characteristics, architects can ensure that their proposed structures harmoniously integrate with their surroundings, adhere to regulatory requirements, and meet the needs of their intended use [].
Process and Participants
The process of site analysis involves researching, observing, and analyzing the physical, cultural, social, historical, environmental, and infrastructural characteristics of a site. It can be conducted through both virtual and physical analysis. Collaboration is often essential, and the approach may vary depending on factors such as the type of project, whether it is a group or individual exercise, and site proximity. For live projects, technical research is often outsourced to land surveying services and engineers to address questions related to topography, soils, hydrology, utilities, zoning, and land use. Input from community members who will be most impacted by the project can also greatly benefit the site analysis process [].
Using Site Analysis for Planning and Development
Site analysis plays a crucial role in planning and developing architectural projects. By considering local weather patterns, architects can design buildings that optimize solar gains, daylight, and shelter. The site's context can influence materiality choices, drawing inspiration from the local vernacular of surrounding buildings. Prominent views can be addressed through strategic placement of large framed apertures and the selection of key views and features to draw attention to. The site's specific characteristics inform decisions about access, wind direction, site levels, vegetation, local context, privacy, and services. All of these considerations contribute to the development of meaningful design responses that are relevant to the site [].
Documentation and Presentation
Site analysis findings are typically documented in a comprehensive report that guides the design process. Visual documentation, such as photographs, sketches, and videos, can be useful in capturing the site's existing conditions and context. Presenting site analysis information can help communicate the necessary information to stakeholders and ensure a clear understanding of the site's opportunities and constraints. Clear and easily digestible information is key when presenting site analysis findings [].
Tools and Resources
There are various tools and resources available to aid in site analysis. These include:
- Online resources such as architectural websites, Pinterest, and architecture competitions entries.
- Design software platforms like AutoCAD, Revit, SketchUp, and Rhino with Grasshopper.
- Geographic Information System (GIS) software like ArcGIS and QGIS for detailed geographical and environmental data analysis.
- Local government websites, community centers, neighborhood associations, and historical societies for accessing property records, maps, and historical information.
- Architectural books, such as "Pamphlet Architecture" and "The Bartlett Summer Show Book," that showcase examples of site analysis in architecture [].
Site analysis is a crucial process in architecture that involves evaluating the characteristics and constraints of a specific location. By thoroughly understanding the site's physical, cultural, social, historical, and environmental aspects, architects can develop design proposals that are responsive to their context. The information gathered during site analysis serves as a foundation for the design process, ensuring that the proposed structures integrate harmoniously with their surroundings and meet the needs of their intended use [].


At Oakridge Services our aim in to provide clients with the ultimate customer service experience. Respect project deadlines and deliver on time. With over 20 years experience in civil infrastructure projects you will be glad you chose us.
The customer comes first
Experience and know how, giving you the result, on time.
Communication is the key, we’ll keep you updated every step of the way.
No problems only solutions, that’s our motto.
What our clients say
We do awesome projects
Our clients are major players in the area of civil and mechanical engineering, for both the private sector and major government infrastructure departments, trusting us as a critical element of their team. Another reason for choosing Oakridge Services!


AL RODAHIMAN Group of Companies had a humble beginning from the AL RODAHIMAN Construction and Contracting Co. which was started in the Year 1998. Throughout these years the company is proud of its achievements it has accomplished in Construction and Contracting field.
The company has a splendid team of qualified and experienced Engineers supported with a pool of fine craftsman. AL RODAHIMAN Construction and Contracting Co. have already paved the way for the realization of many prestigious Government and Private Projects.
Our work encompasses multitude of simple and complex projects that require attention to details, thorough knowledge of requirements, strategic planning, abundant resources and efficient execution.
We are specialized in:-
• Land lay out.
• Plan drawing.
• Client Plan analysis and implementation.
• Erection and Construction.
We rely on the experience and efforts of our team members and the best quality of raw materials we use in the projects. AL RODAHIMAN Construction and Contracting Co., truly endeavor to do our best in many years to come.


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At a special meeting on November 21, the Hawthorne Borough Council awarded a contract to Pact Two, LLC, to install a treatment system to remove Perfluoroctanoic acid (PFOA) and Perfluoroctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), collectively referred to as “PFAS,” from water supplied to Hawthorne Water customers. This $5,320,000 contract is in addition to the $1,017,000 previously approved for Boswell Engineering for design and inspection services for the project. Based on the lead times for the required equipment, this project is not expected to be completed before late 2023. Pact Two LLC has completed construction on a number water treatment and wastewater treatment systems in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and is currently installing a PFAs treatment system for Ridgewood Water. This PFAS removal project is required by New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection regulations that went into effect in 2021.
At the November 21st meeting, the Council also introduced Ordinance 2302-22 to raise fees by 13%for water use by Hawthorne water system customers in 2023, and then another 13% in 2024. These increases are just the first steps to raise the money necessary to generate sufficient revenue for the water utility for pay debt service and operating costs for PFAS treatment as well as for replacement of galvanized water service lines, another new State of New Jersey requirement. A public hearing on this ordinance will be held at the regular Council meeting at 7:00 p.m. on December 21st prior to a vote on adoption. Further rate increases in 2025 will be necessary to cover the full cost of these mandated projects.
For more information, click here.


Cladding and Facade
Natural wood can be used in many different ways in facades and cladding. The beauty and versatility make wood unequaled building material. As both an interior and exterior design element, it adds a warm and welcoming touch to any building. Suitable for malls, offices, receptions, parking, hospitals, gardens, apartment buildings, homes, farmhouses, etc. Fiber cement as an exterior cladding material is used as an alternative to wood cladding. It is a durable and low-maintenance material. We’ve variable style & personalized customization Fiber Cement Board with a customized appearance commonly used to cover the exterior of houses and commercial buildings. Our materials have construction and architectural importance as they fulfil aesthetic, artistic and design related requirements. These nature and tradition-based inspirations adapt to modern trends in sustainable development.
A smart work for a smart and sustainable home
Creativity at its best, meet the future with us
Great concept for thoughtful, livable and enjoyable home
Wall Cladding in Dubai adds an extra layer of protection to your building while enhancing its aesthetic appeal. Wall cladding is available in several types and forms with different accoutrements, textures, and confines. Wall claddings are used both in the innards (wallpapers) and surfaces (applying a material) of a structure. It has several advantages as it improves thermal sequestration, reduces water immersion, furnishing resistance to the sun and also safeguards against air and chemical pollution.
Whereas, Dubai wood Cladding has become increasingly popular over the years due to its natural beauty and durability. Wood remains to be one of the most aesthetically pleasing of all cladding types. Generally inducted in lengthy, thin boards that can be fitted horizontally, vertically or transversely, the outgrowth of wood cladding can be entirely customized to attain the beautifying finish you want. For siding purposes, wood is weather-resistant, and an incredibly good insulator. It’s durable and easy to install. The natural look of wood offers an unpaired aesthetic look.
In addition, MEP contractors also provide management services for events and exhibitions in Dubai. We understand the importance of making a lasting impression which is why we strive towards delivering innovative designs that are sure to impress. Our experienced team will handle everything right from the conceptualization phase through the execution stage ensuring every detail is taken care of thus allowing you peace of mind during your event/exhibition.
Whether you require Wall Cladding Solutions, Events and Exhibitions Management Services, or Wood Cladding in Dubai, we can help you bring your vision to reality. Contact us now and let’s find solutions to your needs!


Reid Architects was appointed by Property Alliance Group to design a refurbishment/regeneration scheme for a 1,100 sq metre/12,000 sq foot vacant office building in Hale, Cheshire.
The brief included the extension of the existing building, re-modelling of the external envelope and the rationalisation of the internal layout. The design is intended to give a clean modern exterior whilst still maintaining a focus on the upgrading of the interior spaces.
Reid Architects chose a palette of zinc cladding and curtain walling to upgrade the quality of the exterior and worked with the owner to re-model the entrance/reception lobbies and common parts.
By rigorous review of the Building Regulations Reid was able to rationalise the internal spaces by reducing the areas given over to fire escape stairs and lobbies thus giving a better gross/net areas ratio.


Hubei waghai kiln Co., Ltd. is a new energy saving and environmental protection as the core of professional R & D kiln kiln company, research design, in various industrial furnace manufacturing, construction and installation, thermal debugging and technical advice in one, mainly engaged in all kinds of kiln coal chemical industry, metallurgy, electric power, brick, ceramics, new building materials, glass, lime and coking industry.
The company from the beginning of the establishment in line with the development of resource-saving and environment-friendly and harmonious development of man and nature of the advanced technology of the concept, the company has been in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Shaanxi, to undertake many projects, in line with the owners, for the owners to check, anxious owners anxious, think what the owners want to the principle of the successful development of the coke dry quenching technology and briquette production process.
The focus of the company is the design and construction of coking project, Lantan (carbon reducing agent) design and construction project is my company's products, has improved the new Lantan vertical furnace production process, with national patent of coke dry quenching technology (patent: 201110314289, report no. CN102424755A), master of briquette the production process and a number of industry in urgent need of advanced production technology.
The company take the whole life cycle management mode, to undertake the project in the project decision-making stage, implementation stage and using stage provides thorough service for the owners, for the construction of the project, so as to achieve the purpose of value-added value for engineering use.
The company consists of Engineering Department, finance department, research and development department, design institute and general office. With professional and technical personnel 72 people, including 1 professor level senior engineers, 12 senior engineers, 24 engineers, assistant engineers and technicians 35 people; obtains the national qualification of registered engineer 20 people, one of 2 national registered structural engineers, two registered structural division 2, registered geotechnical 1 engineers, 1 state first class Registered Architects, two registered architects, 1 people, 1 registered equipment engineer, registered cost engineer 2 people, a registered construction division 4, two class 6 registered architects.


Does Beaumont Concreting have the capacity to complete this project?
Yes. Beaumont Concreting has a crew of 11 men. We can facilitate projects anywhere between 5-150 units. With this workforce we can cater to your project whilst upholding the highest of standards.
Can Beaumont Concreting stay and work to a specific program?
Absolutely. Beaumont Concreting understands the sensitivity of timing in the construction industry. We have dedicated project and operations managers to ensure works are completed on time. Beaumont believes that communication is key and will continually interact with each builder and onsite foreman guarantee completion.
What systems and process does Beaumont Concreting have in place to ensure accuracy?
During each stage of the project our operations manager will complete inspection test plans or ITP’s to maintain quality control. Preforming these checks throughout each stage ensures mistakes are quickly rectified then verified. In addition to ITP’s, members of the crew complete pre and post pour checklist that confirm heights, steel and concrete placement methods are adhered to.
For our residential customers common questions include:
What is the process to starting a new project and how long can I expect it to take?
Beaumont Concreting will conduct an obligation free quote and once approved works can begin. It usually starts with site excavation followed with spreading subgrade dust. We then form up the area, place steel and then pour the concrete. The concrete will set the same day and we can strip the formwork and finish the concrete to your liking. The entire project can take between 3-5 days.
What kind of finishes styles are available for concrete?
There are multiple finishes that can enhance your space, setting you apart from your neighbours. For swirly patterns we can cove the concrete or if its straight lines you are after we will finish the concrete with a broom. Within the concrete mixture you can request different colours or exposed aggregate which is stones. Click on the link below to our Instagram page for pictures or click the Holcim website to see the wide colour range available.


«City on river Tushino-2018» is a mixed-used development project of Tushino airfield territory. It is situated in a favorable natural area on the shore of Moscow River in 10 km from the city center. The concept of mini-city with a 160-hectare area combines residential, business, social and commercial infrastructure with sports areas and park zones, making a unique space for active and healthy lifestyle.
Features of the project:
Distinguishing features of the projects – location, dimension of the building, variety of sports and social infrastructure. The mini-city is separated functionally into single clusters: sports, office, residential and social, shopping and recreation.
The project is provided for 30 200 residents and 19 000 workplaces. Green areas with nature zones along the embankment of the Moscow River take up about 15 hectares. Range of social and sports objects significantly improves its availability for SZAO residents. The mini-city has a potential for the development of river transport: the territory will be provided with two mooring lines. The project is developed with the use of newest energy-saving and eco-oriented technologies.
More than 15% of «City on a river» areas will be used for sports objects, including stadium «Otkritie Arena», which will be a main athletic facility. The stadium will accept FIFA Confederations Cup-2017 and FIFA World Cup-2018 in Russia.
Moreover, the project will include eight objects of different sports purposes:
Especially for the participants of sports events and World Cup-2018 in Russia there will be built hotels and apartments at the territory of the mini-city.
Another infrastructure of the project «City on a river Tushino-2018»
Total area of ground building – more than 1 000 sq. m, including:
Residential areas will be fully provided with all necessary social infrastructure.
One of the unique distinguishing features of the project is a high availability of parking under the buildings. Thereby there will be no cars in the courtyard.
The project envisages the construction of a shopping and entertainment center with total area of 130 000 square meters, which will unite more than 300 shops. Modern functional design, considered concept, a convenient parking area will allow creating comfortable conditions both for everyday shopping and for a long leisure time for families.
6, Krasnopresnenskaya naberezhnaya, 123100, Moscow
Phone (495) 411-52-00
Fax (495) 411-63-61


From the Publisher
- Complete study of the PE Civil exam’s Transportation Depth section.
- Current Codes
- AASHTO, HCM, IBC, ACI, and other standards that NCEES has accepted for the PE Civil Transportation Exam are mirrored.
- The Voices of the People
- Thousands of people used it as a reference on test day.
- NCEES Exam Requirements
- Completely in line with the structure and content of the NCEES test.
Norman R. Voigt, PE, a pioneer in civil engineering test references, is the author of The Name You Trust.
The example problems in this book are educational and enlightening, helping to boost test confidence with their 250+ clarifying examples.
Extensive supporting materials, a thorough index, 150 tables, 140 figures, 35 appendices, and a simple lexicon.
Career Resource: Throughout your civil engineering career, this guidebook will be a priceless resource.
Publisher : PPI, a Kaplan Company; Third edition (September 3, 2018)
Language : English
Paperback : 344 pages
ISBN-10 : 1591266238
ISBN-13 : 978-1591266235
Item Weight : 1.76 pounds
Dimensions : 8.5 x 0.7 x 11 inches
(as of Sep 12,2022 23:53:22 UTC – Details)


Fully automatic system for water treating in evaporative cooling circuits.
The main functions are:
control of water level in tanks
anti-scale anti-corrosive additive dosing
anti-algae additive dosing
salinity control by drainage
The main advantages are:
system parameter optimization
automatic adjustment to changing production workloads
elimination of dosage and drainage waste
skid-mounted and pre-assembled components
The system is designed for the automatic control of the main parameters of an evaporative cooling system. A sensor measures the amount of water in the collection tank and controls refilling to maintain the level within the required limits. The amount of water refilling is processed by the microprocessor, which optimizes the use of the drainage and additives in order to maintain the preset parameters. The whole system is hydraulically and electrically pre-assembled on a steel skid.
System to manage water in the EASYTEAM evaporative cooling circuits.
The main features include:
softening of makeup water
salinity check through draining
The main benefits are:
plant parameter optimisation
automatic adaptation to production loads
elimination of waste when dosing and draining
The system has been designed to automatically manage the main parameters of an evaporative cooling circuit. Makeup water amounts are determined by the microprocessor, which optimises the use of draining and additives to maintain the set parameters. A twin-tank volumetric exchange water softener of suitable capacity, complete with filter and bypass incorporated, ensures a continuous supply of water with no salts, calcium and magnesium, which are the main causes of scaling in cooling systems. Additives are injected by an electronic dosing pump installed on a graduated container in transparent polyethylene, complete with level switch. Draining is controlled manually with a motorised valve with spring closure. Makeup water quantities are counted via a meter connected to the microprocessor. A totalising meter for draining operations enables adjustments to be checked retrospectively. The system comes complete with filters, check valves and sample collection taps and is managed using LOGO! SIEMENS microprocessor logic. An electrical/hydraulic skid-based unit in painted steel is provided.
Before starting to circulate, the supply water is filtered and treated using a bed of strong cation resins to prevent scaling due to the presence of salts. Ionic exchange water softeners are ideal for softening water in cooling systems, ensuring the water supplied has no salts, calcium or magnesium, which are the major cause of scaling. Savings relating to running costs as regeneration only takes place when actual regeneration capacity has been exhausted. An electronic control valve ensures increased flexibility and precision when programming cycles and managing the water softener. Opting for ionic exchange resins with homogeneous membranes that are used in the food industry means a supply of softened water is provided constantly. The resins are contained in tanks with an internal one-piece thermoplastic blow-moulded shell, with materials suitable for use in the food industry and an external robust sheet casing made of epoxy resin and glass wool filaments. The hardness of the outlet water can be adjusted so it is better suited to the requirements of the system.
Reverse osmosis is used to remove minerals from aqueous solutions via a membrane filtration system with the highest power of separation. A pressure higher than the osmotic pressure is applied to a special membrane, which is only permeable to water and not dissolved substances, obtaining a quantity of pure water (permeate) and a concentrated solution (concentrate). With correct sizing and a high-performance membrane it is possible to remove at least 99% of salts contained in water. Only high-quality, low-pressure (i.e. low-energy) membranes are used for osmosis to optimise management costs. Osmosis is used in all processes where high-quality water is required (chemical industry, food industry, metallurgy, galvanising, steam generators) or to reduce the amount of unwanted substances (aqueducts, wash systems, cooling systems).
Cooling system drain water homogenisation unit. The unit contains 2 tanks – waste water from the water softener collects in the first tank and the second tank holds water discharged from draining operations. Correctly mixing both liquids enables conductivity to be adjusted and kept within set limits. The PLC-managed cycle ensures correct operation and flags irregularities.


Every driver likes to drive on well constructed roads.But do you know that there are no such well-made roads in all countries? Because these roads are not properly maintained, loss of life and property damage also occur.And Vehicles are also damaged.
Besisahar-Chamé road in Manang district, Nepal, is known as one of the most dangerous roads in the whole world.The road is located on a beautiful hill surrounded by waterfalls.During the rainy season, this road gets flooded.During that time, driving on this road adds to the dangerous experience.It is a great challenge for the driver.
Watch the photos and video below to see how terrifying this experience is!
Watch this video and know exactly how dangerous this road is
Source: boredpanda.com | auxx.me | Youtube


Wednesday 23 March 2016 9.30-14.30
Higher level / A Level Maths and Physics students are invited to a Civil Engineering event looking at Truss design and testing taking place at the University of Nottingham. You will study some truss design theory undertaking a truss calculation example before putting your practical skills into play, building and testing a truss to destruction with materials provided. The day will also involve the chance to talk to academics about engineering and tours and demonstrations in the laboratories.
This needs to be booked through your school. If you are a St. Clare’s student please contact Melanie Moorhouse.
Find out more about what Civil Engineering is and the range of degrees offered at the University of Nottingham in this field by clicking here.


Established in 1976 Owen Pell are key players in the local construction industry, justifiably proud of our reputation for quality, consistency and reliability which has placed us among the leading specialist Building and Civil Engineering Contractors and Sub Contractors in the Herefordshire and surrounding counties. We are able to offer a wide range of Building Construction and Civil Engineering services and have extensive experience of very diverse building construction and civil engineering projects.
In 2016 Owen Pell are pleased to celebrate 40 years of providing services as builders and civil engineers. We have had the opportunity to work with a wide range of businesses, organisations, individuals, contractor, architects and councils across Herefordshire, Worcestershire. Gloucestershire, Shropshire and Monmouthshire. We would like to thank all those people who have worked with us whether as a client, supplier or as a colleague.
We have experience and capability in industrial, commercial, residential, school and estate building projects.
From highway and cycleway construction to drainage and flood defences, we are able to manage and support a wide range of civil engineering projects.
Refurbishment of existing buildings, including industrial and multistory, using the latest materials and techniques.
Site clearance and preparation for new builds, highways and cycleways as well as flood alleviation projects.
Providing a complete service for local authorities and the private sector including roads, cycle paths, footpaths, drainage, soak away, surfacing, kerbing and landscaping.
Large scale site clearances and earthworks with draining ponds, swales, large bore pipework and gabion walling.
New builds from individual houses to small housing estates. We are Hereford based builders working throughout Herefordshire and surrounding counties.
Large steel framed industrial buildings, traditional block, brick and stone buildings and modern eco buildings using the latest technology and materials.


JOYN Hotel & Serviced Apartments
Category. Hotel & Serviced Apartments Location. Opfikon, Switzerland Planning and construction time. 2017- 2020 Client. Turicum PropCo AG Rooms. 343 Services Apartments and 104 Hotel Rooms Scope of work. architecture, interior design, general planning
The Glattpark in Opfikon is a development area directly adjacent to Zurich. The last free plot will be filled in 2020 where Monoplan is responsible for the planning of the new building for the serviced living provider JOYN. In addition to 343 apartments and 104 hotel rooms, two bars, a gym and a restaurant with seats in the courtyard are part of the project. A glass incision in the façade accentuates the entrance area, the vertical circulation and the upper bar which offers access to the roof terrace.
There will be 16 different unit types, ranging from a simple hotel room between 20-23 sqm with integrated kitchenette to barrier-free apartments of around 43 sqm. Interior design and service create an ambience that appeals especially to guests who want to stay in the city for longer and feel "at home". In addition to good public transport connections, 73 new parking spaces are available in the underground car park. The construction began in March 2019.
The following link describes the concept of JOYN | Serviced Living.


Cavity wall insulation is one of the quickest, most cost-effective and less intrusive methods of insulating a home, where it is applicable. Not all homes have cavity walls, Identifying the build construction of your property is key most when deciding which methods of insulation to implement.
By far the majority of properties in the UK are built of brick or block construction. The English Housing Survey 2008 https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/6703/1750754.pdf stated that 95% of UK properties are of masonry or timber construction.
A solid brick wall is identifiable due to the building pattern of the brick. A solid brick wall will contain headers and footers/stretchers. These are the names of the method the brick are laid. A Footer is a brick laid long (length horizontal) ways facing. A Header is when the shorter end is facing towards the face of the wall. Within a solid wall, these headers and footers will interlock leaving no cavity. Hence the name solid wall as it is as named. There are various ways of laying solid brick called brick bonds.
Typically in Northern Ireland houses in the 1920’s up until
Typically in Northern Ireland houses in the 1920’s up until 1940 are generally of solid brick construction. One method of identifying a solid brick wall is to measure the wall thickness. If the property wall thickness is 270mm and there are footers in the bond, you can be 99% sure it’s a solid brick wall.
There are two ways to insulate a solid brick wall, internally or externally. This means applying a layer of insulation then rendering over the material to make it aesthetically pleasing and watertight. Internally it is possible to batton out the walls then use either rock wool or polystyrene based insulation. See https://belfast-epc.com/home-efficiency-improvements/ for insulation details. External insulation is majority Insulant boards cladded to the exterior then rendered. This will increase wall thickness and make fully rendered walls harder to identify.
This method of construction is the go-to standard for building and has been widespread across Northern Ireland from the 1940’s. The brick bond is constructed of just footers/stretchers leaving a gap between the inner and outer skin, the cavity. A standard cavity wall is 300mm wide. To obtain this measurement open a window or door and measure the wall thickness. The typical wall bond is also a tell-tale sign of a cavity wall.
The most common form of cavity wall insulation is to drill the walls and pump them full of insulating beads. To check if you already have cavity wall insulation, look at the external brickwork/render of the property. Drill holes are often found under windows and in square patterns. Below are examples of drill holes. It may also be able to spot any insulation in any openings in the walls e.g. gas or electric connections, under the stairs, the attic voids etc.
Cavity wall insulation works by filling the internal gap between the brick/block with an insulating layer. This insulating layer stops heat from escaping the property while helping to prevent the cold air entering. On average in Northern Ireland, it’s estimated that cavity wall insulation could save up to £115 a year.
It is possible, especially in more rural parts of Northern Ireland to come across solid stone walls. These tend to be very old propertys <1890’s. Its normally obvious if they are unrendered and possible to notice when measuring the wall thickness. Sometimes these solid walls can be up to 1000mm+.
Timber framed properties are ever increasing in popularity. The widths of walls are not evidence enough of identifying a timber frame as they can vary in size. It’s important to do a rap test on all the external walls of a property to determine its construction. Timber framed properties will sound hollow on the internal but will generally have a brick or block skin. To determine if your property is timber frames go up into the roof space/attic. This is the best place to look at the gable and party walls to determine construction. Most timber framed properties will come with high levels of insulation. But it is possible to increase this.
With great cost savings on energy bills, and minimal disruption. Cavity wall insulation must be considered the first thought when it comes to cost-saving measures.


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Formak 629 Concealed Waterproofing System
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Formak 629 is a single component, solvent free liquid applied elastomeric waterproofing membrane based on polyisoprene polymers. It contains no bitumen or coal tar and will not cause straining to marble, tiles or tiles grout.
Once cured, it forms a continuous membrane with more than 500% elongation with high tensile strength. It is suitable for used as concealed waterproofing membrane. Approximate DFT is 0.8 mm.
Areas of Usage
· Deck and patios
· Wet areas
· Single component
May be applied directly from the container without the need for on-site mixing.
Easyly applied using a brush or roller eliminates potential failure due to poor joints. Ideal for areas that requires a lot of detailing work.
· Flexibility and Strength
High elongation an tensile strength to withstand movement within the substrate and high stress areas.
· Bitumen and coal-tar free
Will not stain marbles, ceramic tiles and pavers.
· Water Based
Can be applied on damp substrate.
· Vapour Permeability
Formak 629 is vapour permeable, thus permitting trapped moisture vapour to escape.
Only Hitchins’ trained applicators are approved to undertake all application work.Formak 629 carries a long-term warranty for both the material an workmanship. The warranty is further backed by Hitchins International Fidelity Fund.


6 edition of The Costs of Road Infrastructure and Congestion in Europe (Contributions to Economics) found in the catalog.
June 22, 1999 by Physica-Verlag Heidelberg .
Written in English
|The Physical Object|
|Number of Pages||138|
Sections 3480 and 4716 Revised Statutes.
Volunteers for learning
The Ratnāvalī of Sri Harsha-Deva
Developments in state workers compensation systems
A Down To Earth Bible Study
Multifactorial Analysis in Corpus Linguistics (Original Western Linguistics, Volume 9)
Planning for program discontinuance
Smaller foraminifera of late eocene age from Eua, Tonga
A book of psalm-tunes, in four parts
The project ran from November to March and was monitored by a steering committee with representatives of the EU-member states. This book is dealing with the calculation of costs for road infrastructure and congestion and the allocation of these costs to vehicle types.
It Cited by: This book is dealing with the calculation of costs for road infrastructure and congestion and the allocation of these costs to vehicle types.
It focuses on heavy goods vehicles. This is a topic of high relevance for transport policy both on the national and the EU-Ievel with a long tradition of political and scientific : Physica-Verlag HD.
Get this from a library. The Costs of Road Infrastructure and Congestion in Europe. [Heike Link; J S Dodgson; Markus Maibach; Max Herry] -- The book deals with the calculation of costs for road infrastructure and congestion and the allocation of these costs to vehicle types.
It focusses on heavy goods vehicles. The most important. This text studies the calculation of costs for road infrastructure and congestion in Europe, and the allocation of these costs to vehicle types, focusing on heavy goods vehicles. The different methodologies are applied to data sets from three countries and quantitatively compared.
Report on the State of the EU Road Haulage Market. Internalisation measures and policy for the external cost of transport (June ) Road infrastructure cost and revenue in Europe (April ) Handbook on estimation of external costs in the transport sector (February ) Links.
Studies on sustainable transport policies. The project ran from November to March and was monitored by a steering committee with representatives of the EU-member states. This book is dealing with the calculation of costs for road infrastructure and congestion and the allocation of these costs to vehicle types.
It. Congestion is an important problem for road transport and a main challenge for transport policy at all levels. The cost of road congestion in Europe is estimated to be over € billion a year and its mitigation is the main priority of most infrastructure.
The Costs of Road Infrastructure and Congestion in Europe. Book. Jan ; Capital values and road infrastructure costs Average and marginal road infrastructure costs Congestion costs.
Average road Infrastructure cost accounts 41 3 Marginal road infrastructure costs for Europe 45 Methodological issues and options 45 Scope and rationale of marginal infrastructure cost estimation excluding congestion 45 Short and long term marginal infrastructure.
Since the 's, however, the negative aspects of an intensive extension of road infrastructure has dominated the political decision process. The objective of this paper is to model the aspects of bottlenecks in road infrastructure, of congestion costs and of the effect of investment in infrastructure in a computable general equilibrium framework.
The indirect costs of congestion in America’s economic capital are also unusually high, as businesses that need to stock their shelves with goods have to rely on shipping by road.
Recent research from transport data company INRIX into the state of congestion in cities in 38 countries highlights the impact of snarled traffic by looking at how much time and money it wastes. In the US, it found the total cost of lost productivity caused by congestion to be $87 billion.
Heavy duty lorries on Europe’s roads have a disproportionate impact: whilst they are only 3% of road vehicles, lorries emit around 25% of road traffic CO2 emissions and are a major cause source of air pollution on our roads.
Since lorry CO2 emissions have increased by 36%, and without decisive (regulatory) action lorry emissions will further increase by 21% by We will then compare the cost of the addition in infrastructure with the savings in congestion costs in order to see whether this policy measure is self-financing.
The Since the 's, however, the negative aspects of an intensive extension of road infrastructure. Bycongestion may cost £22 billion a year in the UK (Eddington,p.
49). In the USA, congestion has already been estimated to cost $25 billion a year (Schuitema,p. 89). Total hidden costs of road use have been estimated at $ billion to. Transportation literature. Traffic congestion has been defined as “a condition of traffic delay (i.e., when traffic flow is slowed below reasonable speeds) because the number of vehicles trying to use a road exceeds the design capacity of the traffic network to handle it.”(Weisbrod et al., ).Most transportation literature and transportation impact models treat congestion as a cost.
CONGESTION MANAGING URBAN TRAFFIC CONGESTION (77 01 1 P)-:HSTCSC=VUVW]Z: ISBN MANAGING URBAN TRAFFIC CONGESTION Road congestion is a maddening feature of many large and growing urban areas. National estimates of the cost of congestion often point to losses equivalent to around 1% of GDP in more congested countries.
Even though rail freight is usually a small proportion of all freight, the annual economic saving in congestion cost, to road users generally, from transferring a 5-times a week, mile round.
Congestion charging in Europe A congestion charge is a charge for driving a vehicle in an urban area, often limited to working hours. It belongs to the category of road pricing measures, which also includes tolls, distance- or time-based fees and charges for polluting vehicles.
Road pricing is typically. A Fundamental Law of Road Congestion. To understand the effect of transportation infrastructure on traffic in cities, we assembled data describing the road network and travel behavior in all U.S.
metropolitan areas containing interstate highways for, and Approach for Road Infrastructure Costs Analytic 8. tandardizing the Unit Rate S 8 nalytical Approach A 8. Results the prevalence and extent of cost Establishing the Unit Cost Curve on the Basis of Project Size 10 onstruction/Upgrading of Paved Roads C 10 Rehabilitation of Paved Roads Road Congestion Pricing in Europe: Implications for the United States.
Harry Ward Richardson, Chang-Hee Christine Bae. Jan 1, - Technology & Engineering - pages. 0 Reviews this book is an interesting collection of papers on the topic of road congestion pricing The reader should find this collection to be both interesting.
But these numbers mask huge variation within countries. In America the average cost of congestion to a car-owning household is estimated to be $1, a year; in France it is $2, The United Kingdom was the leading country in infrastructure projects within that same time frame, closely followed by Canada with an estimated billion U.S.
dollars worth of infrastructure. This country in the central Europe has invested heavily in modernizing its road infrastructure, which is evident from the fact that 9% of the GDP was spent on road infrastructure.
Introduction ongestion re ains the ost significant challenge for the urban road net orks of urope ith an esti ated annual cost of approxi ately 80âˆ™ â‚¬ (uropean o ission, ).
he external cost of congestion, i.e. the cost of congestion to the society, derives fro its negative i pact directly on the obility conditions, the. – Example: Congestion charging accounts for costs imposed on others Due to economies of scale and large fixed costs associated with infrastructure, marginal costs in many transportation services are smaller than average costs.
MC pricing does not generate enough revenues to cover the costs – Ramsey pricing addresses this issue Investment in transport infrastructure (road, railways, urban rail, inland waterways, maritime ports and airports) in the EU peaked in and has since fallen by 3 % per year.
The overall modal investment shares have remained almost unchanged sincedominated by road (62 % in ) and rail (28 % in ). Decisions on transport. A toll road is a road over which users may travel over on payment of a toll, or fee.
Tolls are a form of user tax that pays for the cost of road construction and maintenance, without raising taxes on non-users. Investor's bonds necessary for the construction of the roads are issued and sold with the expectation that the bonds will be paid back with user tolls.
Regarding road infrastructure, the discussion by Sampson () is applicable because transport supply improvements such as price decreases (or cost savings in travel time) impact on road usage.
Infrastructure, Congestion, Roadway Safety. Freight movement takes its toll on roadways, bridges, ports, and other infrastructure. As more freight is moved, costs to maintain and build infrastructure rise. Similarly, poor or inadequate infrastructure (e.g., bridges, roads, and tunnels) can cause freight and traffic delays and accidents.
In this manner, fourmajor urban cities GDP share is noted, and against that traffic congestion cost is estimated in table 5. 0 C o s t i n M i l l i o n U S D p e r Y e a r Years Traffic Congestion Cost -Extrapolation 44 Mir Shabbar Ali et al. / Procedia Engineering 77 ( A method to generalise the results of the project on short-run marginal infrastructure cost which can be applied Europe wide has been rmore, it has been pointed out that there is scope for more time-depended charges in both road and rail infrastructure charges in Europe.
Given the huge amount of time consumed by driving (the average American household spent nearly three hours per day in a car in ), the authors note that “the costs of congestion are large.” Considering the economic value of time spent doing anything but sitting in bumper-to-bumper traffic, that becomes an economic problem of the first order.
According to a report by the Texas Transportation Institute, the cost of urban traffic congestion, converted to a dollar value, quintupled between and Although congestion costs have fallen recently due to the recession and decreased economic activity, the cost of urban congestion remains more than $ billion a year.
capital costs more into line with others in Europe ”. Initial analysis of other reports and studies. 3,4,5. provided further evidence of higher costs and lower productivity.
In addition, there was also strong „anecdotal‟ evidence of higher costs. Reducing the costs of investing in infrastructure is a priority for the Government.
traffic congestion situation in the city of Accra, Ghana, to inadequate road network in the city. Eddington () and Purcher et al. () delineate that the availability of transport infrastructure is crucial for effective transportation system, however, equally important is how these.
congestion: which affects both road and air traffic sustainability: transport still depends on oil for most of its energy needs, which is environmentally and economically untenable air quality: bythe EU must cut transport emissions by 60% compared with levels, and continue to reduce vehicle pollution.
lower costs for farm inputs and lower transport costs for marketed outputs. Studies in Ethiopia, India and Nicaragua showed increased fertiliser use, higher yields, enhanced production, employment, living standards and poverty reduction.
The effects of improved. T raffic congestion analysis consistently shows a surprising fact: Brussels and Antwerp, the two largest cities in Belgium, are the two most congested cities in Europe.
The American Transportation Research Institute estimates that congestion costs the U.S. freight sector $ billion annually, $ billion of which occurs in urban areas.
KIRKLAND, Wash., March 9, — INRIX, Inc., a world leader in transportation analytics and connected car services, today published the Global Traffic Scorecard that identified and ranked congestion and mobility trends in more than cities, across 43 countries.
The report found that on average, Americans lost 99 hours a year due to congestion, costing them nearly $88. Vehicles and infrastructure will also become able to communicate in the future.
Suddenly new methods to reduce congestion, to improve safety .


It’s not hard to find PVC paneling in many buildings and facilities. PVC panel options are common, cost-effective, and known for being highly durable. While you might know that these panels are often used in commercial and industrial settings due to their durability and other features, there are some facts about this paneling you might not be aware of. The following are some of the lesser-known facts about PVC panels.
PVC Panels Are Replacing Wood and Other Materials
PVC panels are being used more often in non-commercial settings, including residential settings, due to their aesthetic appeal and other qualities. These panels are being used to replace other types of materials often found in both commercial and non-commercial properties, such as clay and wood. Although PVC panels are commonly chosen for their cost-effectiveness, they can enhance the look of building interiors.
PVC Panels Can Be Used in Bathrooms
Since PVC panels have waterproof qualities, they are ideal for bathrooms and other environments that can become damp and humid, such as basements and kitchens. These panels can be used for bathroom ceilings and walls in order to provide durable structures that are resistant to mold and mildew. Property owners can use PVC panels instead of wood and other materials to reduce moisture buildup in bathrooms. These panels are able to handle hotter temperatures to a certain extent as well, making them a suitable choice for shower walls.
PVC Panels Offer Better Temperature Control
Some people have raised concerns about the environmental effects of the plastic materials used in PVC panels. However, you might not know that this type of paneling can help reduce energy usage, which is beneficial for the environment. PVC panels provide insulation for buildings, which can help rooms stay cooler during summer and warmer during winter. This insulation can help reduce heating and cooling needs, resulting in a lower amount of energy being used to manage indoor temperatures. This reduced energy usage benefits the environment.
PVC Panels Can Be Recycled
PVC panels can last for many years without developing cracks or other kinds of damage. However, you might choose to replace them for aesthetic purposes or for other reasons. When you decide to replace these panels, keep in mind that they can be recycled. This is another environmental benefit of PVC panels since they won’t end up in landfills. Instead, these panels can be used again as needed.
Custom PVC Panel Options for Your Building
If you need PVC panels for your building or facility, please contact Structural Panels Inc. We offer customized, insulated paneling options for ceilings, walls, and other areas. These panels provide a high level of durability and other benefits.


- Type: Electrical and Communications Design
- Client: Network Rail/Galliford Try
- Value: £300,000
Recently voted one of the top 10 places by the sea to live in the UK, Llantwit Major had been without a railway station since 1964. In 2005, a brand new station, comprising two platforms and an over bridge, was opened as part of the Vale of Glamorgan Line that stretches from Bridgend to Cardiff and was jointly funded by Network Rail and the Welsh Assembly.
Vitec was appointed to design the station’s platform lighting system, CCTV and Customer Information Systems (CIS) which included a help-point network. Additionally, the remit included management of the Network Rail approval process in accordance with Network Rail Standard RT/SP/TEL/30022.
The lighting system covered the station access road, car park, platforms and ramp access points and had to be compliant with the usual rail standards as well as the Disability Discrimination Act.
The CIS and help point systems design comprised summary information display boards at the station’s entrances with additional ’next train’ indicator units on each platform which were linked to central monitoring in Cardiff Central.
Providing a safe environment for passengers was a main priority with the new CCTV system monitoring al entrances, exits and waiting shelters and again, these are linked to a central monitoring station in Cardiff.
As the CCTV and CIS systems required the installation of telephony infrastructure, Vitec were required to specify a comprehensive terminal and modem installation.


Lower Don Lands Master Plan Environmental Assessment (LDL MP EA)
Waterfront Toronto and the City of Toronto are amending and finalizing the 2010 Class Environmental Assessment Lower Don Lands Master Plan (LDL MP EA) to reflect the amendments that arose out of the Port Lands Acceleration Initiative 2012. The LDL MP EA represents a key component in the revitalization of Toronto’s Port Lands.
The Lower Don Lands is a critical site for establishing connectivity between Toronto’s downtown and the 1000 acres of the Port Lands. By providing a plan for integrated and sustainable infrastructure, the LDL MP EA will support the revitalization of these lands and add to the health, vitality and sustainability of Toronto’s waterfront.
The LDL MP EA refines the location of road alignments and includes all of the critical infrastructure elements identified in the City of Toronto’s Central Waterfront Secondary Plan. Recognizing that the site is a critical link between city and harbour, the LDL MP EA provides multiple connections to the surrounding neighbourhoods, existing and proposed, and to the harbour on all sides.
The road and transit network has been shaped to frame the new (proposed) Don River alignment based on the standards for all the bridges set out in the Don Mouth Naturalization and Flood Protection EA (DMNP EA). The LDL MP EA includes the realignment of Queen’s Quay East, Lakeshore Boulevard East, and Cherry Street, and the location for bridges at the Keating Channel, Commissioner’s Street Bridge and Basin Street bridges over the Greenway.
The plan builds upon the collective learning that occurred through the PLAI 2012. The Central Waterfront Secondary Plan proposed a number of new and enhanced connections back to the city and through the site. The Lower Don Lands Class EA Master Plan builds on the Central Waterfront Secondary Plan’s proposed connections and unites with the new mouth of the Don River to create an urban estuary.
NEW – View the Draft Official Plan Amendment for the Port Lands
The draft Official Plan Amendment for the Port Lands is available for review and comment.
Please email comments to email@example.com by April 12, 2017.
Please focus your comments on: policy areas you like, would like to see strengthened or that you think should be changed. Please also tell us why you think we should make these changes.


“Minimal Size Thermal and Electrical Energy Storage System for In-Situ Residential Installation”
The EU building stock has a great potential to increase its energy efficiency with solutions that can be integrated into existing dwellings and through different measures. One of them is optimizing the use and management of thermal energy by allowing its storage, leveling peak demand and increasing the use of renewable energies affected by intermittency, such as solar energy for heating. The MiniStor project aims to design and produce a novel compact integrated thermal storage system for sustainable storage of heating, cooling and electricity that can be retrofitted to existing systems in residential buildings. It is based on a high performance thermochemical reaction of CaCl2/NH3 (calcium chloride/ammonia) materials combined with parallel hot and cold phase change materials for year-round flexibility of use.
It also stores electrical energy in a Li-ion battery that responds to grid signals and can sell to the power grid. The system is managed by a Smart Energy Management System that connects to the Internet of Things. The system can have as input, energy obtained from a variety of renewable energy sources such as hybrid photovoltaic energy from thermal panels. The system provides stability, performance and usage of at least 20 years, an estimated volume of compact storage material of 0.72 m3, the net energy consumption of a building is reduced by at least 44% and a return on investment is obtained over a period of 6.7 years, using high energy density storage materials that reach storage densities up to 10.6 times higher than water.
The MINISTOR project is funded by the Horizon 2020 program under Grant Agreement ID 869821.


Elon Musk’s The Boring Company receives approval to build the Loop tunnel system under Las Vegas. The Vegas Loop system is expanding to 29 miles and 51 stations.
Vegas Loop is expanding – 29 miles and 51 stations!— The Boring Company (@boringcompany) October 20, 2021
Thanks to the Clark County team for the great partnership and to the Commissioners for unanimous approval. https://t.co/KrfF5SUsxq


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