Multigrade Asphalt Manufacture
ASPHALT AND CHEMISTRY
The chemistry of Asphalt is very complex. To manufacture blown and multigrade bitumen e-asfalto develop a process of chemical adjustment of asphaltic feedstocks (e.g: pen or viscosity grades) into top quality Asphalt for road and industrial applications:
The way the system works is to convert aromatic constituents containing hetero atoms into polar structural compounds, control of the reaction and the reactant ratios allows a predetermined asphalt composition to be produced.
Most crudes contain the basic building blocks to produce a suitable reactant feed for the process.
This includes, pen grade, viscosity grade, tube residues and extracts, vacuum residues and even waxy residues.
The process involves the chemical reaction, under tightly controlled conditions, of oxygen and hydrocarbons. Aromatic components and additives may be used, depending on the feedstocks, but normally no SIBS or rubber modification is necessary. The detail of the process is designed for the particular project.
The product produced depends on the reactant feeds available and the specifications to be met. When carried out with favorable feed stocks a MULTIGRADE Asphalt may be produced. In many cases the best MULTIGRADES can be produced from cheaper feedstocks than standard Asphalt.
Multigrade Asphalts made with compositional control:
|Resist Cracking at Low Temperature||Resist Deformation at High Temperature|
|Resist Aging||Optimize Adhesion|
|Optimize Emulsability||Improve Compatibility with Polymers of many types|
When manufactured in a correctly designed hotmixed asphalt MULTIGRADE asphalts will have:
|Improved Deformation Resistance||Excellent Fatigue Resistance|
|Excellent Moisture Resistance||Excellent Resistance to Oxidation|
The design of hot mixes should be carried out with a rational technique. The design methods now employ measurement of modulus, creep properties and fatigue propertiés by rational means. These outputs can be used in a mechanistic pavement design. Such a mechanistic pavement design can predict life of the final pavement. High Stiffness Modulus hotmixed Asphalt Pavements give longer life.
HIGH STIFFNESS MODULUS ASPHALT (HSMA) - A TREATMENT FOR TROPICAL CLIMATES
Hot mixed asphalt is a widely used material in pavement structures and surfaces. However it may fail prematurely if the design and materials are not right.
Hot mixes may fail due to:
|Deformation- rutting and shoving||Cold conditions|
|Cracking- by fatigue||Moisture damage|
|Poor quality base construction||Aging|
Deformation, in many hot and
tropical countries the use of soft grades of asphalt can lead to deformation in
the form of rutting and shoving. This can be avoided by use of MULTIGRADE
asphalts in thick layers.
Cracking may be due to poor base construction, inadequate pavement thickness for the traffic loadings or reflection of cracks from cracked bases ( such as concrete). This can be avoided by use of correct pavement design and the correct materials. Use of stiffer binders in the load bearing layers of the pavement will increase life.
Moisture Damage is caused by water getting into the hotmix via voids and displacing the Asphalt from the stone surface. This can be avoided by correct construction practices, particularly compaction, use of lime in the mixes and correct selection of asphalt, MULTIGRADE asphalts have higher compatibility with stone and are more difficult to displace as they create stiffer films.
Aging of Asphalt by oxidation leads to embrittlement. This is a function of the voids in the asphalt, the asphalt film thickness and the oxidation resistance of the asphalt. MULTIGRADE asphalts are easier to handle, giving better compaction, they are higher viscosity and hence can be applied in thicker films, and the composition balance increases the asphalt durability.
e-asphalt.com will be happy to quote special machines or proyect plant on receipt of details of composition of the product, etc.
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The standard systems used by MANGRA, S.A. in order to maintain the optimum temperature levels for transferring and dosing the different liquids used in animal nutrition are the bi-tubular system for pipelines (jacketed pipes) and chambers or coils for storage tanks.
In both systems it is necessary to circulate hot water through the pipes, chambers and coils.
At MANGRA, S.A. for heating the water several heating systems are used and manufactured, among them:
- GASOIL BOILERS
- ELECTRICAL INTERCHANGERS
- TUBULAR HEAT INTERCHANGERS (STEAM/WATER)
The ELECTRICAL INTERCHANGERS are recipients or water accumulators that have a diameter and dimensions adapted to the quantity of water to be warmed up. The water is heated by means of a certain number of electrical resistances (watts) placed inside the recipient which warm up the water circulating in it.
The TUBULAR HEAT INTERCHANGERS (STEAM/WATER) use the steam exceeding from the steam boilers existing in the majority of feed-mills. In this case like in the electrical interchangers we take advantage of the circulation of steam through the coil and the water is warmed up to the indicated temperature by means of a certain number of thermostatic valves.
On the other hand it must be highlighted that as important is the heating system as the insulation of the pipelines and the storage tanks in order to avoid losses of heat and in consequence save energy. In order to obtain this result fibre glass blankets fixed by means of semi-hard aluminium plate are used and in this way an optimal insulation is granted.


Our experience in the development and implementation of these buildings is close to 30 years.
Their properties make them suitable for bulk storage and also for architectural applications.
Our main objective is to give a complete answer to all the requirements and needs of our customers.
In the case of storage silos, we study and adapt our structures to the more convenient loading, unloading and maintenance systems.
We solve foundation problems that may arise.
We design and build anywhere in the world. Local regulations apply when required.
Consult your project.


NEW YORK TOWNHOUSE
NEW YORK, NY
The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission has approved the design of the first single family residence to be newly constructed in Manhattan's Upper East Side Historic District in decades. The vote was 8 -2 in support of the design by Bridgehampton Architect Preston T. Phillips in association with Abelow / Sherman Architects of New York City.
The 10,000 sq. ft., five story Limestone and glass townhouse will replace an historic 1881
brownstone destroyed in an explosion in 2006. The new townhouse will have a sunken living
room opening to a south facing courtyard. A waterfall forms the backdrop for the courtyard and
will cascade into the level below which houses an indoor pool and spa. Light will filter into the
pool from glass paving in the courtyard above. The roof terrace will be planted with native trees, shrubs, wild flowers and grasses.
Following are excerpts from The Landmarks Preservation Commission Certificate of
Appropriateness Resolution dated October 30, 2007. Construction is projected to begin in July 2013.
EXCERPTS FROM THE NEW YORK CITY LANDMARKS PRESERVATION COMMISSION
"In reviewing this proposal, the Commission noted that the brownstone rowhouse, designed by L.
D. Russell and J. B. Wray and built in 1881 - 1882, which previously occupied the site was
destroyed by an explosion in 2006.
With regard to the proposal, the Commission found that the construction of a new building on
this vacant lot will enhance the character of the historic district by reinforcing the street wall, a
significant, consistent feature of the historic district:......
that while contemporary in design and details, the new building will relate well to the streetscape
and historic district through the use of scale, materials, and the hierarchy and organization of
facade elements: that the prominent variations in planes at the front facade of the proposed
building will be in keeping with the character of many of the district's modern buildings, which
feature an emphasis on simple geometric forms and reflect a significant, evolutionary
development of design within the Upper East Side Historic District:.......
that the placement and design of the ground floor entrance door, window and planter will be well
integrated into the design of the building and consistent with the open and welcoming entrances
of residential buildings throughout the district.......
that the projecting bay will be evocative of the vertical bays and other features found on the
historic townhouses in the historic district and will create an animated facade that relates to the
richly articulated historic townhouse facades in the district:.......
that the prominent horizontal divisions of the building will utilize the vocabulary of base, shaft,
and termination/capital, common to the buildings throughout the district and those horizontal
features, along with the vertical bay, will recall the traditional facade elements of townhouses in
this historic district; that the cantilevered overhang at the roof will be evocative of the elaborate
cornices and dramatic roof line treatment found on buildings in this historic district:.......
and that the work supports the special architectural and historic character of the Upper East Side
Historic District. Based on these findings, the Commission determined the work to be
appropriate to the building and the historic district and voted to approve the application."


There are times when people have projects and they need to get experts working on the projects. The projects that were already under way sometime just need and expert opinion and pointers to continue on the right track. Many people avoid getting contractors on projects they can finish on their own to save on the funds and resources thy have invested in the projects. In case there is a very strong need to get the contractor, they will only help finish or put the last details together on the project.
The roles of a main contractor range from big decisions and coming up with working plans to ensuring the projects are well done to achieve the intended goals from the projects. The work that requires to be done by hand cannot be done by the contractor but by the people working on the project.
The benefit of getting the best home remodeling san diego contractor to see a project to completion is to get the best results from a project. With the help of a contractor, getting the best results from projects in place for commercial purposes will help in achieving the best results. Any commercial construction has a lot of work to be done that cannot be managed by one person and hence a constructor will help in places where there is a challenge on what to do. The maximum profit of the project will also be realized after the projects have been put in place well by the project general contractor.
The cost of hiring a contractor at http://sjrhandyworks.com/ should not be higher than the job they are going to do on the project. The number of people to hire as contractors is very high and there for a project manager should do enough research to get the most affordable one. Experience of a contractor will help in decision making on how best to utilize the resources for the project.
The best contractor does work well with the sub-contractors. A good general manager will ensure the teams at the construction site works as a unit and there are no complaints from the different teams. Other things that a contractor the subcontractors is teaching them on how to handle some problems.
With working timelines, good contractors will get the work done without complaining and doing a bad job. A good contractor will have excellent planning skills and action plans to achieve the time goal. Ensuring the contractor hired is best at what they do will ensure that the need for the constructions are met on time and deadlines met well. The above factors will help in choosing a contractor that will help manage a project to give the best results. There are a number of people to avoid when constructing a building and this will ensure the best results are achieved from any construction. Do well to secure your project. Learn more about home improvement at http://www.huffingtonpost.com/news/home-improvement/.


HCS Water Treatment is a premier provider of legionella control and management of water systems.
HCS is synonymous with initiative and strategic water quality solutions. Cooling towers and water systems perform an intrinsic function within a building, however corrosion, scaling, fouling and microbiological contamination, including legionella can create a significant health and safety risk. HCS Water Treatment can minimise the risk to your employees, clients and your business by creating a water treatment programme with an effective maintenance regime to safeguard against any foreseeable risk.
We deliver solutions to a wide variety of clients ranging from commercial, local authorities, social housing and industrial markets.


NOTICE TO PROCEED COMES WITH FINANCIAL CLOSING ON BONDS THAT PROVIDE PRIVATE FINANCING FOR FASTRACKS EAGLE P3 PROJECT
Denver, August 12, 2010 – The Regional Transportation District (RTD) has issued the official Notice to Proceed to Denver Transit Partners (DTP) with the FasTracks Eagle P3 Project’s first phase, the 22.8-mile East Corridor Commuter Rail Line to Denver International Airport.
The notice was given concurrently this morning with financial close in New York on $397.8 million in private activity bonds for the innovative Eagle P3 public-private partnership. Groundbreaking is scheduled for Aug. 26 on the south lawn of DIA’s Jeppesen Terminal. The East Corridor and the other elements of the Eagle P3 Project will combine to provide an estimated 5,400 jobs at the peak of construction in 2012 and 2013, including those hired directly on the job and those it induces in the larger economy.
The Notice to Proceed is for Phase 1, which includes the East Corridor, a new maintenance facility, provision of the trains that will provide service on the project and final design work on the FasTracks Gold Line and Northwest Rail Electrified Segment.
Fluor Enterprises Inc. will lead the design-build team during the six-year design-build phase of the Eagle P3 Project. Fluor will also form part of the team that will operate and maintain the project’s commuter rail lines for the 28-year operating period.
“The RTD staff has worked diligently for more than two years to bring this innovative public- private partnership to a reality,” said RTD Board Chairman Lee Kemp. “We said in 2007 that we would explore all avenues to keep FasTracks moving ahead, and this is a prime example. We are keeping that pledge today with closing on the private financing for the Eagle P3 Project. But there’s no time to rest. We continue to forge ahead on securing funding for the rest of the program.”
DTP will now work on the final design for the project. It expects to begin early construction work such as site-clearing and utility relocation along the East Corridor in the coming months. The East Corridor is scheduled for completion in January 2016.
“Fluor is proud to have worked with RTD and our Denver Transit Partners team members to bring this prestigious project to financial close,” said Patrick Flaherty, head of Fluor’s Infrastructure business. “We now look forward to working closely with RTD, local businesses and other stakeholders to complete the construction of the project safely and on time, and establish a benchmark for rail transit service in the U.S. market.”
This type of public-private partnership, rare in the United States, allowed RTD to put the Eagle P3 Project under contract for $300 million less over six years than its capital budget estimate. Its capital cost is now pegged at just under $2.1 billion. The deal drew attention from financial and infrastructure interests around the United States and internationally, and keeps the overall FasTracks program moving forward through today’s difficult economic environment.
“It is gratifying that the success of our public-private partnership has been watched with great interest by transportation and finance entities all over the world,” said Phil Washington, RTD General Manager. “But closer to home, here in metro Denver, I take particular pleasure in noting that with today’s Notice to Proceed, RTD will be putting people to work and moving FasTracks forward in difficult times. We are building a transit system that will be in place and in use for the next hundred years. As we continue the build out of this great investment program, the benefit to future generations is clear.”
The Eagle P3 Project received an allocation of tax-exempt private activity bonds from U.S. Department of Transportation, which will save RTD millions in financing costs over the life of the bonds. The bonds were underwritten by Barclays Capital and Bank of America Merrill Lynch. DTP is responsible to repay the bonds through service payments made by RTD. At the financial closing, Macquarie Capital Investments Ltd., which acted as developer of the Eagle P3 Project for the past two years with Fluor, brought in subsidiaries of two international infrastructure investment groups, John Laing plc and Uberior Investments, as the long-term equity investors. RTD retains the right to approve any future changes in the equity investors.
“This is a significant project for John Laing as it marks our first U.S. project, as well as one of the first P3 projects in the U.S. transit sector,” said Gary Lucas, Director for International Business Development at John Laing. “We are delighted to be working alongside our consortium partners to deliver outstanding transport facilities for the Denver region.”
In addition to the East Corridor, the Eagle P3 Project also includes design, build, operation and maintenance of the Gold Line Commuter Rail to Arvada and Wheat Ridge as well as a short segment of the Northwest Rail Line to Westminster. Construction and operation of these portions are part of a Phase 2 Notice to Proceed, which is dependent on receipt of a $1 billion grant from the Federal Transit Administration anticipated next year. Combined with the West Corridor Light Rail Line now in full construction in Denver, Lakewood and Golden, RTD now has 48 miles of new rail in construction or under contract – 40 percent of the 122 miles of new rail that will be built through the FasTracks transit expansion program.
FasTracks is RTD’s voter-approved program to expand rail and bus transit throughout the RTD service area. FasTracks will build 122 miles of commuter rail and light rail, 18 miles of bus rapid transit service, add 21,000 new parking spaces, redevelop Denver Union Station and redirect bus service to better connect the eight-county District. The FasTracks investment initiative is projected to create more than 10,000 construction-related jobs during the height of construction, and will pump billions of dollars into the regional economy.
Kevin Flynn Eagle
Project Public Information Manager
303-299-2898 (office) 303-884-9314 (mobile)


Senate Properties’ BIM requirements 2007
Since 2001, Senate Properties has carried out a number of pilot projects to develop and study the use of building information models. Based on feedback from these, Senate Properties has assessed product model technology to be sufficiently ready for putting to use in ordinary project work, and the company has decided to require models meeting the IFC standard in its projects as of 1 October 2007.
The scope and aim of modelling
The modelling of projects is not an end in itself; instead, its main aim is to ensure that the scope, cost and practicality of the project conform to the objectives. In the first phase, models will be required in ordinary projects and only for some of the design jobs of the project. The requirement for modelling will apply both to construction and to renovation projects. The only projects excluded will be those for which no significant advantages are seen in modelling. In the first stage, tens of projects will be modelled, the total volume of which is estimated at hundreds of millions of euros.
The obligatory part will be limited to modelling and visualisation of the starting scenario and architectural design as well as to the monitoring of the scope and costs performed on the basis of the models. In the architectural design, modelling will be applied throughout the process, starting with the presentation of alternatives based on space models and ending with the tender documents for the contracting stage. In the project planning stage, the main emphasis for modelling will be on supporting the investment decision by comparing alternatives’ scope, costs and lifecycle attributes. To facilitate cost control, type data in conformity with the room schedule for spaces will be added to the model. The quantity and scope data obtained from the model in the draft stage will be used to support the production of the building element estimate. Efforts will be made to secure the energy budget of properties by simulating the building’s energy consumption before major decisions and by harnessing these results in monitoring the energy consumption of the building during its occupation stage. Efforts will be made to model structural and HEPAC systems in the detail design stage, but the requirement for these models will be decided on a case-by-case basis. The use and data content of the models will be binding requirements in design agreements.
The level of modelling required from 1 October 2007 is just the first step in going over to the broader use of models. Senate Properties will develop modelling requirements together with property owners in the Nordic countries, the USA and the Netherlands. The aim is to go over to all-embracing, integrated model-based operations in designing, building, and property servicing and maintenance in the next few years.
More detailed instructions
Senate Properties will draw up detailed modelling guidelines by 1 September 2007. The guidelines will specify the data content requirements for models to the participants in the project at each stage of the design. The guidelines will comply with the main lines specified in the ProIT project, applied to decisions to be made in Senate Properties’ investment process. In the first phase, all design software packages which have passed IFC 2x3 certification may be used for modelling.
Managing Director, Senate Properties


There are multiple alternatives for building materials to choose from. Different materials, like concrete, steel, brick, plastic, and composites, each have special qualities. However, wood is a popular and reliable choice in construction for many reasons. Today, we will explore the numerous advantages of timber. So, if you’re ready, let’s get into it.
The Beauty of Wood
Wood is extraordinary because it looks beautiful in a way that no other material can. A timeless choice indeed. It has warm colors, cool patterns, and interesting textures that make it feel fancy and never go out of style. Whether it’s used for floors, furniture, or making structures strong, wood brings a touch of nature inside and makes the place feel warm and cozy.
1. Strength and Durability: Wood Stands Tall
Despite what many people think, wood is a strong and long-lasting material. With advancements in engineering methods and treatments, wood can be just as sturdy as steel and concrete. Timber structures have proven their durability over time, able to endure harsh weather and heavy loads.
2. Environmental Sustainability: Wood’s Green Advantage
Using wood for construction is good for the environment. It comes from trees, which can be grown repeatedly, so we always have enough wood. It also breaks down naturally over time, so it doesn’t harm the environment.
Plus, wood doesn’t make as much pollution as other materials when it’s made. Taking care of forests and ensuring we use wood wisely is important to keep things eco-friendly.
3. Versatility: Wood Adapts to Any Design
Wood offers unmatched versatility in design. It can be shaped, carved, and molded to fit any architectural style or creative vision. Wood easily transitions from classic to contemporary styles, allowing architects and designers to use their creativity fully.
4. Cost-Effectiveness: Wood Saves Money
Building with wood can offer significant cost savings compared to other materials. Wood is readily available, easily sourced, and requires less labor-intensive construction methods. Its excellent thermal insulation properties also help reduce energy costs in the long run. Wood is a cost-effective choice for construction projects considering the overall lifecycle costs.
Insulation and Energy Efficiency
Wood is a special material that can keep our houses cozy and quiet. It’s a natural insulator, which means it can trap heat inside when it’s cold outside and keep out the heat when it’s hot outside. This helps us save energy because we don’t need to use as much electricity for heating or cooling. Using wood in buildings is good for the environment and can help lower our electricity bills.
Also, to its thermal insulation benefits, wood excels in acoustic performance. It absorbs and dampens sound vibrations, reducing noise transmission between rooms and minimizing external noise intrusion. Building with wood creates a calm and peaceful living or working atmosphere.
SG Good Wood’s wood flooring contributes to a serene environment with its choice of premium materials. They meticulously select the finest engineered hardwoods known for their durability, beauty, and natural appeal.
Maintenance and Repair
Wood is straightforward to maintain and repair. Regular cleaning, polishing, and occasional refinishing can keep wood surfaces vibrant and beautiful. Unlike other materials requiring extensive repairs, damaged wood elements can often be easily replaced. You can do so without even compromising the structural integrity of the building.
Aesthetics and Warmth
Wood’s aesthetic appeal goes beyond its visual beauty. It creates a cool and inviting atmosphere that is unmatched by any other material. Wood is popular for homes, businesses, and hotels because it feels cozy and inviting. Its natural warmth and authentic appeal create a sense of comfort and well-being in these spaces.
Timber vs. Other Building Materials
1. Timber vs. Concrete: The Superior Choice
Wood is the superior choice in many aspects when comparing timber to concrete. Wood construction offers faster construction times, lower costs, better insulation, and a reduced environmental impact. Additionally, wood structures have been proven to withstand earthquakes and other natural disasters.
2. Timber vs. Steel: The Natural Winner
While steel is known for its strength, wood has several advantages over steel in construction. Wood is lighter, easier to maintain, and offers better insulation properties. It also has a lesser carbon footprint and is a renewable resource, making it a more sustainable environmental choice.
3. Timber vs. Brick: Building with Nature
Brick looks sturdy and lasts a long time, so people like it. But did you know that wood is just as strong and also lasts long? Wood can be designed in many ways, and structures can be made with it. Another good thing is that wood comes from trees, which can grow repeatedly. Another advantage is that wood is a renewable resource, whereas making bricks greatly impacts the environment.
4. Timber vs. Plastic: The Organic Alternative
Plastic materials have gained popularity in recent years, but they fall short compared to wood. Wood is a natural and organic material, free from harmful chemicals and toxins. It has a lower carbon footprint, contributes to better indoor air quality, and can be recycled at the end of its life cycle.
Wood reigns supreme as a natural and organic material, standing apart from plastic flooring due to its numerous advantages. Unlike plastic flooring, which often contains harmful chemicals and toxins, wood offers a safer and healthier option for creating a beautiful and sustainable living or working environment.
5. Timber vs. Composite Materials: A Natural Edge
Some materials, like engineered wood or plastic composites, try to look like real wood, but they need to get it right. Natural wood is better at keeping things cozy and quiet. Plus, it’s a better choice for builders who want to protect the environment.
Wood has rightfully earned its place as the superior building material. Wood is the ideal building material as it’s beautiful, sturdy, sustainable, versatile, affordable, fire-resistant, and looks cozy.
When you compare wood to other materials like concrete, steel, brick, plastic, or composites, wood clearly comes out on top. It has lots of benefits, like being functional, long-lasting, sustainable, and making buildings look great. So, when you’re choosing what to build with, remember that wood is the best choice.
And if you’re looking for a trusted wood flooring service in Singapore, SG Good Wood is the name you can trust. Experience the excellence of our reputable wood flooring service in the country. Transform your space with high-quality, sustainable wood flooring. Contact us today for a consultation and elevate your interiors with timeless beauty.


It is not widely known, but the dam, footbridge, and four acres of surrounding property are not public. They are privately owned by the Shore Owners’ Association of Lake Placid. On August 22, 1893, the SOA purchased the outlet dam from a downstream mining company to protect the water quality and level of the lake. To this day, the SOA is privileged to serve as the steward of the dam and footbridge. That responsibility requires regular safety inspections, the most recent of which revealed that, for the footbridge to remain open, it was necessary to install safety railings along the portion of the walkway that spans the outlet brook.
The SOA took immediate action. A design was developed to provide protection for hikers year round and cross-country skiers traversing in the winter. The arched truss at the center of the bridge allows for the entire load of the new material to be transferred to the piers so that the structural integrity of the existing bridge would not be compromised. The new wood will soon weather to a natural gray finish.
The architect was inspired by several bridges in and near the Adirondack Park. The design was intended to be a celebration of place, blending the natural environment with an artistic means of safe passage over the rocky waters. A recent visitor to the site said it well, “ It is pleasing to the eye; rounded like the mountains. I am pleasantly surprised”.
The SOA hopes that others will agree as they safely enjoy this iconic property throughout the seasons and in the years to come.


About Lokran Barrier Systems
Lokran Barrier Systems manufactures energy absorbing vertical lift movable barrier gates. Our products are designed to safely bring an errant vehicle to a stop. All products are manufactured in the United States. Our barrier gates are the industry standard for lift, swing, and single/double bascule bridge applications.
Throughout its history, Lokran Barrier Systems has been dedicated to developing the safest and most reliable energy absorbing barrier gates. The vision for Lokran barrier gates began over 60 years ago when Mollenberg-Betz Machine Company set out to build better and safer barriers. In 1950, E.D. Sawyer was the only company manufacturing barrier gates. While refurbishing an old Sawyer gate, Henry Mollenberg and Jacob Betz identified fundamental flaws in its operation and decided to design a barrier gate with new and improved safety features. Over the next 30 years, Mollenberg-Betz would go on to design, manufacture and test numerous vertical lift barrier gates throughout the United States.
Lokran was established in 1985 by Joe Locke when he acquired the barrier gate technology from Mollenberg-Betz. Using the newest technology, Lokran refined and upgraded the design and included automatic net retraction as a standard feature. This enabled the bridge operator to automatically reset an impacted barrier gate to provide uninterrupted protection for the traveling public. Since that time, Lokran has become the industry leader in energy absorbing barrier gates for moveable bridges.
One of Lokran’s largest projects was designing and manufacturing “Automatic Retractable Energy Absorbing Barrier Gates” for the Woodrow Wilson Bridge in Washington, DC over the Potomac River. Over 250,000 vehicles cross the bridge daily.
Lokran continues to develop and refine their products using the latest technology and engineering practices. They work closely with engineering companies assisting them in developing barrier gates for new and rehabilitated bridge projects.
To design and build the highest quality energy absorbing vertical lift barrier gates that will exceed all Federal Highway System (FHS) specifications established by the NCHRP Report 350 and the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH)


In an effort to help its municipalities prepare for DEC’s pending Municipal Roads General Permit, the Chittenden County Regional Planning Commission (CCRPC) completed several municipal Road Erosion Inventories this past summer. Working in partnership with Jim Ryan and other DEC staff, CCRPC adapted DEC’s inventory questions for use in a mobile app (Esri’s Collector for ArcGIS). Inventory data were collected on each 100-meter road segment that was determined to by “hydrologically-connected” such as roads that cross streams, lakes or wetlands or are within 100 ft. of these waterbodies. The questions focused on assessing the road condition and management practices for example adequate drainage, ditching and culvert sizing and installation. The inventories were carried out by summer interns from the University of Vermont. In addition to collecting statistical data, the interns also mapped discrete problems such as gullies forming in the roadbed, inadequate culverts or road runoff flowing unabated into streams.
Inventories were completed on more than 4,500 hundred-meter road segments in the towns of Underhill, Jericho, Bolton, Huntington, Richmond, St. George, Essex and Williston.175 erosion points were also mapped. With data collection now complete CCRPC, using several Better Roads grants, has hired Fitzgerald Environmental and Milone-MacBroom to review the data, develop a road erosion prioritization methodology and develop conceptual treatment designs to address high priority road erosion problem locations. The prioritization methodology will be developed with our municipalities and then shared with DEC, VAOT and the other RPCs The treatment designs can be used by the towns to apply for project implementation funds.
To see an example of this work, check out CCRPC’s map viewer for the Town of Jericho and then select the requisite data layers in the upper left corner.


According to the data we know, the total cost of a cement plant is estimated to be US$ 75 to US$ 100 per ton. One thing to be clear, this is just an estimation, in the real cement plant building, the cement factory cost is affected by various factors, including the significant difference in cost of land, availability of limestone mines, etc.
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May 02, 2023
White Paper 1: Novel approach to increase LPBF productivity
ArcelorMittal has developed significant expertise in metal additive manufacturing, 3D-printing of spare parts…
Using typical industrial robots equipped with purpose-built tools, Dutch company MX3D 3D-printed a fully functional steel pedestrian bridge to cross one of the oldest and most famous canals in Amsterdam: the Oudezijds Achterburgwal.
With a unique approach featuring proprietary software, MX3D can use additive manufacturing (also known as 3D printing) to create strong, complex and graceful structures out of steel.
ArcelorMittal’s role is to provide specialized steel wire rods which act as the basic feedstock for the additive manufacturing process, and to provide the necessary metallurgical expertise. The bridge is designed by Joris Laarman Lab wit
Our research centre in Gandrange, France, which is dedicated to R&D activity around long products such as bars and wires, is closely involved in the partnership and has worked on the bridge design from the material point of view, analysing structural behaviour and corrosion properties. A core objective for ArcelorMittal is to better understand the impact of additive manufacturing on steel products so that, for example, we can develop new steel grades that are designed specifically for this specialised use.
Contact our experts to know how ArcelorMittal Powders can help you boost your productivity!
25 February 2022


Precast Concrete Roof Pavers
Precast Concrete Roof Pavers by Stepstone, Inc. are available in nineteen (19) standard colors and a variety of finishes including sandblasted, exposed aggregate and Sonorastone®, Stepstone’s slate-like texture. These pavers can be installed with pedestals or laid directly on the roof surface. Drydeck pavers have pedestals cast in them to allow for free flowing drainage on roofs where the paving mimics the roof's slope.
Proud to have been selected by these projects' Architects, Designers and General Contractors


Quality septic system installations for residential homeowners and commercial building are our specialty. Experienced installation all types of systems, including Eljen, Sand Filters and Galley.
Whether it be grading roads, digging foundations and sewers, or excavating ditches for water or gas lines, Town Line Farm LLC has years of experience. We can prepare sites for residential and commercial construction. We can also produce drawings and coordinate with contractors, engineers and architects.
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Town Line Farm LLC provides general trucking needs. We have a tri-axle dump truck ready to work for you. Willing to sub-contract.
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Bentley Power Rail Track V8i SELECT Series 2 V081107615 32 ##HOT##
Bentley Power Rail Track V8i SELECT Series 2 V081107615 32
For years, Conn-Dekker has been successful at offering innovative products for the Power Rail Track market, products that offer engineers a simple, high performing way to create rugged, aesthetically pleasing structures.
In addition to the proven RS-1 Frame/Board/Cable sealing system, Conn-Dekker has now designed a new offering that incorporates important thermal and weather applications and is gaining traction with power rail builders around the world. The new PS-1 is complete with insulation, furring, accessories and mounting system to achieve the perfect sealing solution.
By incorporating the built-in power rail frame that provides the bottom insulation layer and furring along with rigid edge connectors, power rail users gain a simple, easy-to-build solution that will leave no cavities or exposed metal. No additional labor is required either, as the PS-1 is installed with the standard furring system, and multiple PS-1’s can be installed together to create sealed islands. The PS-1 also eliminates the need for custom sealing of exposed metal, further reducing costs. The V08.11.09.904 package also includes three different connectors to meet the wide range of applications and power types encountered in power rail.
In this article, we describe the Release 1.5.1 of SELECTseries 8 (SS8) SelectRail Surface Modeling (SRM) software application. SRM is a surface modeling application that is unique to SELECTseries 8. Designed specifically to allow users to create clear surfaces that will enable the modeling of railway tracks, ballast and ties, etc. SRM also includes several utilities that provide quick access to some of the most commonly used modeling tools.
Also, on Sept. 16th, Bentleywill be presenting a webinar titled: “How Organizationsare Using Technology to Advocate for High Speed Rail.” The webinar begins at 9:30 AM ET, 2:30 AM ET and 4:00 AM ET. The session will also be streamed live on http://www.bentley.com. Registration is free and no password is needed.
Bentley Power Rail Track is a complete turnkey package for intelligent rail projects that includes an integrated suite of modeling, visualization and collaboration tools. It’s design-ready and conceptually scalable for complex projects of all sizes. It allows designers, engineers, project managers and asset operators to collaborate across borders on a unified platform, providing unprecedented, end-to-end visibility and control across the asset lifecycle. As a software as a service, it can be used by any user, with unlimited number of users at one time, no matter where they are located.
Bentley Power Rail Track is designed to help optimize asset management, improve infrastructure maintenance, increase resiliency and lower operating costs. It provides real-time visibility and control, identification of issues, maintenance scheduling and planning, design tools, collaboration and integrated project management tools.
Bentley Power Rail Track gives industry leading, professional multi-disciplinary teams the power to design, plan and build smarter and more efficient rail assets. With full data access it is designed to help optimize asset management, increase resiliency and lower operating costs.
Bentley Power Rail Track is all of the tools and functions an engineer needs to perform a variety of design tasks and manage an entire rail project, from the conceptual phase through to maintenance. As a central repository, users can access the work of all collaborators, allowing them to collaborate across borders on a unified platform.


The pumps used in the field of environmental protection dredging are mainly divided into wn dredge pump, wnq submersible dredge pump, QDP submersible sand discharge pump, etc. This series of pump impeller has wide flow passage, strong flow capacity, good cavitation performance and strong suction capacity, which can meet greater excavation depth and higher suction concentration. KSG / ksgh gravel pump or QDP submersible sand pump can be selected for dredging pumps with diameter of 400 and below. The gravel pump is a bracket structure, which is suitable for working in the cabin. The submersible sand pump is equipped with submersible motor, which can work underwater.
The dredging pump with diameter of 450 and above can be selected as wn dredging pump, the cabin pump as wn type, and the underwater pump as wnq type. The speed of large-scale dredge pump is low, and the gear box can be used to adjust the speed. The dredge pump can adopt the bracket structure or the combination of bracket and gear box.


Sommer Center award
Sommer Center contractor honored
Thomas & Marker Construction, the general contractor for Bluffton University’s new Sommer Center for Health and Fitness Education, has been awarded for its work on the project.
The Ohio Valley Chapter of Associated Builders & Contractors recently recognized Thomas & Marker’s efforts on the Sommer Center with its highest honor for excellence in construction, the Eagle Award.
A team from the Bellefontaine, Ohio-based company worked with the university for more than 15 months to deliver the 60,000-square-foot, state-of-the-art facility. Prior to construction, 18,000 cubic yards of fill dirt were imported to make the former flood plain into a buildable site. The team then installed footers measuring 9 feet wide and 2 feet thick. The building’s concrete walls are 16 feet tall and 18 inches thick, and support 153-foot steel trusses that weigh more than 25,000 pounds each.
The Sommer Center provides needed space for Bluffton’s growing academic department of health, fitness and sport science; a 1,500-seat venue, plus locker and team rooms, for intercollegiate volleyball and basketball; fitness and weight training facilities, an indoor walking/jogging track and spaces for the popular intramurals program, all of which benefit all students; a sports medicine center, with an exam room and offices for physicians and trainers; space for physical rehabilitation, including hydrotherapy; dedicated areas for treatment and taping; the multipurpose Reichenbach Room, used for classes, meetings and special events; administrative offices for athletics; and new Athletics Hall of Fame displays.
“Not only are we grateful to have the opportunity to work with some of the best people we’ve ever known,” said Matt Ludwig, project manager for Thomas & Marker, “we are also extremely proud of the quality, efficiency and value built into this building.”
The more than $32.7 million that was raised during a multi-year comprehensive campaign—Extending Our Reach — The Campaign for Bluffton—included the full $14.7 million for the design and construction of the Sommer Center. Gifts to the campaign also support academic programs, student financial aid and the university’s endowment, including endowed funds for faculty research and student scholarships.
“Throughout the project, the people of Thomas & Marker provided value-added services above and beyond the scope of the contract,” noted Kevin Nickel, Bluffton’s vice president for fiscal affairs, in nominating the company for the award. “It is fitting that they’ve helped us achieve a building that truly will ‘Extend Our Reach’ for Bluffton’s students today and all who will come in the future.”
The Sommer Center is named for the central Illinois family—with extensive Bluffton ties—that gave the lead gift for its construction just north of Marbeck Center. A campus master plan adopted by the university’s board of trustees in November 2000 determined both the site and the high priority for the building.
Thomas & Marker’s many building projects at Bluffton have also included Centennial Hall and, most recently before the Sommer Center, summer 2010 improvements to College Hall, Musselman Library and the Burcky Gym locker complex.


Before reinserting the bitumen at 200 pounds of pressure, we make sure that the surface is free of foreign matter (leaves, grass, sand). Then we stabilize the cracks with polymer sand, in order to make them waterproof and grassproof.
Reinserting bitumen into your asphalt will multiply its lifespan and give it back its original look. Indeed, the bitumen being the original glue of your asphalt, putting it back gives it a new life; it increases its flexibility and thus its resistance to cracks.
Whether it is to correct a difference in level, add a new section or a new paving. We are experts in the field and our prices are more than competitive for the quality of asphalt laid according to the rules of the trade.
In order to keep runoff water away from your home’s foundation, we can create a small sloped ramp that allows the desired drainage. Our ramps are made of hot asphalt for better adhesion and durability.
When the asphalt has lacked bitumen for too many years, cracks combined with thawing frosts result in potholes, bumps and stone aggregates. We can remove what is left to level the ground and start anew.


Top of Events
Every year, a city hosts the event of the BIM4TURKEY Summit that is the place where the heart of the BIM world beats. In Summits, exhibitions, conferences, panels, symposiums and workshops in the wide range of the BIM topics from the use of latest technologies integrated with BIM to the latest scientific researches about BIM will be included. The BIM Summits are the meeting point of professionals, construction and engineering firms. The summit will also discuss the BIM implementations at global scale.


RightMove are now hiring for Quantity Surveyor for our client based in County Dublin, Ireland.
About: Our client is a dynamic and ambitious firm that continuously strives to set high standards. Delivering state of the art building and infrastructure solutions within the construction industry. Working within both the public and private sector, whilst gaining repeat business, from satisfied, high profile clients from around the world.
Job Description: Our client is searching for multiple reliable quantity surveyor’s to join their capable team of professionals. The quantity surveyor will be tasked with analysing existing budgets and making improvements, reviewing plans and preparing quantity estimates, negotiating with various contractors and vendors, as well as building relationships with clients and site managers.
- Company Vehicle
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- Responsible for all aspects of cost management on the project
- Preparing tender and contract documentation.
- Preparing payment certificates in accordance with company systems and procedures.
- Management of the change control process.
- Liaising with client and design team.
- Appointing and managing subcontractors and suppliers.
- Undertaking cost analysis of subcontractor packages.
- Performing risk, value management and cost control.
- Degree qualified.
- Chartership is preferred but not essential.
- At least 3-5+ years’ post graduate QS experience.
- Experience in preparing valuations, variation management, CVR reporting, payment certificates.
- Experience in apartment developments would be preferred but not essential.
- Reporting to commercial manager.


Joanne McCartney, chairman of the London Assembly's health and public services committee, said: 'It has a real problem - asking Londoners to save water while it is wasting theirs. Thames Water has missed targets three years running and the public is aware of it.'
The poster and press ads, created by M&C Saatchi, use London landmarks such as City Hall to illustrate how much water Thames Water will save over the next few years. The company has an average daily leakage rate of 894m litres.
Last week, Ofwat decided not to fine Thames Water for leakage, opting instead to revise targets and forcing it to invest an extra £150m in the replacement of aging and damaged pipes over the next five years.
'A Thames Water spokesman said: 'The overall cost of the campaign was less than 1% of the total we are spending to reduce leakage.'


Westbound SR 520 traffic to switch over to new bridge Monday, April 11
Northbound SR 99 Aurora Bridge nightly lane closures begin next week Seattle’s SR 99 Aurora Bridge is in the midst of a makeover and crews will need some extra space on the right side of the northbound lanes to move the work platform as part of their bridge painting and preservation project. Expect up to two right lanes of the northbound direction of the bridge to be closed from 9 p.m. to 5 a.m. nightly, beginning Monday night, April 11, and continuing into the first part of May. No lane closures are allowed on Friday nights.
Gearing up for another round of the #SnoCoSqueeze Get ready for six more weekends of I-5 lane reductions between Everett and Marysville for expansion joint replacement work — this time in the northbound direction. When the weather allows crews to restripe overnight next week, northbound drivers will see three narrower lanes and a speed limit of 45 mph. The three lanes will be reduced to two lanes for five weekends beginning next weekend, April 15-18. Plan for extended delays and congestion once this northbound work begins. To avoid narrow or reduced lane traffic while you visit the Skagit Valley Tulip Festival – consider going this weekend. Even without daytime construction – expect high traffic volumes as you head into Mount Vernon and on Skagit County roads.
One week until full closure of SR 410 White River Bridge April 15-23
Big events in Seattle this weekend, April 8-10
THURSDAY, APRIL 7th – SUNDAY, APRIL 10th:
FRIDAY, APRIL 8th:
SATURDAY, APRIL 9th:
SUNDAY, APRIL 10th:
Seattle Mariners vs. Oakland, Sunday, April 10th at 1:10 p.m. About 36,000 people are expected to attend.
WSDOT Traffic Alert – Busy Weekend ahead!
April 8, 2016 by Leave a Comment


APPLICATION OF POST-TENSION TECHNOLOGY IN MODERN CONSTRUCTION
Modern developers and designers in their work strive to provide a high level of structural flexibility of structures to meet the ever-changing demands of customers. Using the post-tension system, large spans of buildings are constructed with a lower structural height of the beam, which allows to increase the area free from columns. As a result, the internal layout does not depend on the placement of the column grid. Prevention of deflection, cracks and the use of jointless floors free designers from the need to comply with numerous restrictions on the construction of reinforced concrete structures.
With the help of a post-tension system without coupling prestressed reinforcement with concrete, our organization erected many buildings. The system involves the use of ropes, which are individually tensioned and firmly fixed using special elements.
The participants of the commercial construction segment benefit from the use of monostrand after tension , since the thinning of the floors reduces the weight construction. In addition, there is a reduction in the duration of construction work due to the possibility of earlier dismantling of the formwork.
Facilitation of the building structure due to prestressing reinforcement in the shell, as well as the organization of uninterrupted power supply and architectural lighting are the main advantages in the construction of multi-storey parking lots using post-tension compared to the use of prefabricated structures. Tensile reinforcing ropes for soil slabs help to extend their service life, as they prevent cracking and increase resistance to the influence of aggressive environments: swelling soil, underwater and sewage.
After-tension floor slabs increase the earthquake resistance of the structure. The advantage of the after-stress system in the construction of silos, nuclear reactors and fuel storage tanks is a constant level of compressive force, which eliminates cracks and prevents leaks.
In our monostrand post-stress system, we use ropes with a diameter of 15, 2 mm 0, 6 ”, coated with a special anti-corrosion coating and enclosed in an extruded plastic sheath. Coating and plastic sheath serve as double anti-corrosion protection and prevent the rope from adhering to concrete.
The plastic shell is made of polyethylene and has a thickness of 1.5-2.0 mm. To provide corrosion protection in an aggressive environment, special adapters are used that connect the plastic shell with anchors. Each anchor has a protective cap. Characteristic features of the monostrand system are the presence of factory anticorrosive grease, low friction losses, etc. Light and flexible elements of the system are mounted quickly and simply, which makes it possible to talk about its economy.
1.1. General information
Over the years, the post-tension system has played an important role in the construction of bridges and storage tanks. The reason for success lies in decisive technical and economic advantages.
The following are the most important benefits of monostrand post-tension:
• Compared to traditional technology, when using this technology, there is a saving in the concrete and reinforcement used, which makes the structure more flexible;
• high resistance to cracking and good corrosion protection of steel;
• operational reliability under excessive load, since after the termination of the load the cracks converge and disappear;
• high degree of strength due to variation in the amplitude of the tension under the influence of a variable load.
In addition to the previously mentioned general characteristics of the after-voltage system, the advantages of post-tension floor slabs over reinforced concrete slabs can be listed:
• Cost-effectiveness of structures through the use of high-strength steel, which differs in its performance characteristics from traditionally used steel;
• large spans and flexibility of the structure - this leads to a decrease in the weight of the structure, which favorably affects the columns and the foundation, as well as to a decrease in the overall height of the structure (Fig. 2);
• resistance to the formation of deflections under the influence of a constant load;
• high shear strength.
Fig. 2 Dependence of plate thickness on span length
This technology is the most preferable for the construction of flat slabs with sizes from 6 to 10 meters. The design design for such overlap involves the use of a monostrand grid (0.6 "- 0.62") with a cross-sectional area of 140-150 mm2. Strands are placed along the spatial lattice for a long-term floor, anchors - along the perimeter and fixed in the center. The half-term load value is calculated by adding half the value of the temporary load to the dead weight of the structure Under these conditions, the slab is subjected only to axial forces without bending moment and shear.
If the variable load is below 30% of the total load, the calculation is statistically determined, since the bending moment is created only when +/- half of the variable load is applied.
Typically, the compressive stress in floor slabs with spans of 6-10 m is less than 2.5 N / mm2.
Advantages of using this technology:
• Lack of automatic calculations
• Lack of bending moment of vertical structures (supporting columns and walls), arising under the influence of a long load, and as a result, the consumption of the bending stability margin to counter horizontal loads
• Smooth floor surface
• Water tightness of the surface of the floors due to the absence of cracks
• Reduction of construction time due to the possibility of earlier form stripping (tension is possible 2-3 days after concreting, upon reaching concrete strength Fck> = 150 kg / cm2)
• Possibility of making holes in the structure itself and, in the presence of special conditions, in supporting columns
• When constructing this type of structure, the safety coefficient is approximately 3, and during the construction of conventional structures, the value of this coefficient approaches 1.75. The use of low-skilled labor leads to minor construction flaws, but generally does not affect the design
itself. Highly qualified specialists are required only for rope tensioning operations (1 or 2 people).
1.2 Post-tension with or without subsequent traction of prestressing reinforcement with concrete
1.2.1 Post-tension followed by traction of prestressing reinforcement with concrete
As you know, the method of post-tensioning consists in placing a steel strand in a round corrugated channel former (or channel) and in its subsequent tension. After injection of the channel with cement mortar, the rope adheres to concrete. Since in thin-walled floors of a building there is a strong decrease in the eccentricity of prestressed steel - especially at the intersection points - flat channels are most popular (see Fig. 4). As a rule, 4 strand ropes with a nominal cross-sectional diameter of 15 mm are placed in such channels.
1.2.2. Post-tension without subsequent adhesion of prestressed reinforcement to concrete
In the early stages of the emergence of the post-tension system in Europe, the method was used without coupling prestressed reinforcement with concrete. Over time, this method has been used less and less. And only after many years, structures began to be erected again through post-tensioning with clutch.
In the USA, the first application of this method had its own peculiarities: a steel rope was wrapped in grass and wrapped in wrapping paper in order to facilitate its longitudinal movement during tension.
Over the past few years, the method of manufacturing a plastic shell has become widely used. It consists in the fact that the strand is coated with anticorrosive grease at the manufacturing plant or company that provides services for tensioning reinforcement. Then the strand is placed in an extruded plastic pipe made of polyethylene or polypropylene, 1,5/2,0 mm thick. A plastic pipe is the first degree of corrosion protection, and lubrication is the second. Such strands are called monostrends. (Fig. 3) The nominal cross-sectional diameter of the used rope is 15,2/15,7 mm
Fig. 3. The structure of the rope with anti-corrosion grease, placed in a plastic shell.
1.2.3 Preference for one of two types of overtension.
The issue of preference for one of the two types of overtension has been and remains relevant to this day. We will not consider it in detail, but only give the most compelling arguments for and against.
Arguments for a post-tension system:
• The maximum eccentricity of the rope due to its minimum diameter (is of particular importance for thin-walled ceilings) (see Fig. 4);
• corrosion protection is applied to reinforcing strands at the manufacturing plant;
• simplicity and speed of strand placement;
• minimal loss of stress forces due to friction;
• lack of need for pouring with cement mortar;
• more economical method.
Fig. 4 Comparison of eccentricity can be made with different types of strands.
Arguments for a Post-tension clutch system:
• Greater ultimate bending moment;
• in case of local destruction of the strand (as a result of fire, explosion, earthquake), a limited section is damaged.
2. DETAILED PROJECT CHARACTERISTICS
2.1 Placement of the strands
The thickness of post-tensioned floors is less than the thickness of traditional reinforced concrete floors. This is primarily due to the effect of load distribution (balancing), as shown in Fig. 5-6. Along the spans, the deflecting force caused by the deflection of the rope acts on the concrete as opposed to the load.
Fig. 5 Transverse components and forces resulting from overtension
In places where the bending of the reinforcement changes direction, for example, on supports, the deflecting force of the reinforcement acts downward, directing the stress forces to the vertical elements. Thus, the system shown in Fig. 7, can be compared with a grating stretched between supports, the voltage of which is transmitted to concrete. The amount of necessary reinforcement is taken so that it can guarantee a given percentage of stability and withstand the weight of the floor. This percentage depends on the ratio of total load and long-term load, and, as a rule, varies between 70 and 130%. For floors of residential or office buildings with a temporary load of 3 to 4 kN / m2 and a long load of 1 kN / m2,
70-90% of its own weight is taken into account, for floors with a greater long-term load - 100% of its own weight. In addition to improving the characteristics of the slabs due to resistance to formation, one should remember the effect on the behavior of the slab, which is created by axial compression stress during post-stress. Provided that there are no significant restrictions, the compression stress neutralizes a part of the stress that occurs when a part of the loads is unbalanced by the forces induced by the reinforcement. Typically, in post-stressed ceilings, the compression stress indicator varies from 1.0 to 2.5 N / mm2.
Fig. 6 Principle of load balancing
Let's look at the ratio of height to span. With a small load of up to 3.5 kN / m2 and provided that the shear stress index at pressure is not critical, the thickness of the after-stress floor can be 1/40 of the length of the largest span (for internal panels), while in reinforced concrete floors the thickness is 1/30 span. If the columns have overhead slabs, then the height to span ratio can be increased to 1/45 for post-voltage ceilings and 1/35 for reinforced concrete floors. With increasing load, the height to span ratio decreases.
To balance the increased random load, you can’t just increase the amount of post-tension , but you need to design larger thickness ceilings taking into account the sag.
The use of post-tensioned concrete, in particular concrete with reinforcement without adhesion, requires consideration of some design principles that differ from standard ones. The problem that most often occurs in the design of buildings is the location of the joints of floors, walls and between walls and floors. Unfortunately, it is impossible to provide general explanations on this issue, since there are a number of aspects of the pros and cons. There are basically two main aspects to consider:
• Ultimate Strength (Safety)
• Horizontal displacement (limiting working condition)
2.2.1. Impact on ultimate load capacity
If only the loss of the bearing capacity of the structure is taken into account, it is recommended to completely avoid joints, because each of them represents interrupts the integrity of the structure and reduces its strength. In the case of prestressed ceilings with reinforcement without adhesion, the monolithic structure contributes to the action of bending, which leads to an increase in ultimate load.
Fig. 8 Influence of the action of the joints type on the bearing capacity
2.2.2. Serviceability limit
In buildings without joints under the influence of horizontal displacements, cracks in the supporting structure can occur. Offsets can be caused by the following factors:
• Concrete shrinkage
• Elastic shortening due to tension
• Creep of concrete
In the concrete structure, the following average values of reductions and elongations take place:
Concrete shrinkage DLcs = -0.25 mm / m
Thermal expansion DLct = -0.25 mm / m to +0.15 mm / m
Elastic shortening DLcel = -0.05 mm / m
(for medium centric
overvoltage 1.5 N / mm2 and
El = 30kN / mm2
Creep of concrete DLcc = -0.15 mm / m
These indicators should be appropriate to local environmental conditions.
After deciding on the location of the joints, the full displacements of the floors, walls and supports, their dynamics and the deformation of the foundation must be taken into account.
Horizontal offsets can be partially reduced or prevented by appropriate measures (e.g. clearances).
Shrinkage: Concrete is subject to shrinkage. The degree of shrinkage depends on the following factors: the proportion of water and cement, the size of the cross section and the percentage of humidity in the environment. Shortening due to shrinkage can be reduced by half with the help of temporary joints.
Thermal expansion: Regarding the effect of temperature, the difference in temperature between the individual structural components and the different coefficients of thermal expansion of the materials is important. In structures of a closed type, not subject to atmospheric phenomena, floors and walls are subject to low temperature fluctuations. Exterior walls and exposed ceilings are subject to large temperature fluctuations. Particular attention should be paid to the connections between floors and elements made of other materials.
3. PRODUCTION OF CONSTRUCTION WORKS
3.1. General information
The process of building post-tensioned floors is very similar to the construction of ordinary reinforced concrete floors. The difference lies in the placement of the reinforcement, its tension and the time to complete the work. Rebar placement work is divided into three stages. First, reinforcement is placed around the perimeter of the future structure, then channel formers are laid and firmly fixed. The next step is to place the top layer of conventional reinforcement. Strand tension and, in the case of using reinforcement with a clutch, injection are additional work, if we compare this process with the construction of a conventional reinforced concrete floor. Given that tensioning work can only be carried out by qualified specialists who have the right to carry out these works, the construction company workers can continue their main work without stopping.
An important distinguishing feature of this technology is the speed of dismantling the formwork. Depending on the quality of the concrete and the ambient temperature, the minimum period between pouring concrete and dismantling the formwork is 48/72 hours. As soon as concrete gains the necessary strength, full or partial tension of the floor begins, after which it is possible to disassemble and reassemble the formwork for the construction of the next section of the floor. This separation is dictated by the geometry of the structure itself, dimensions, layout, sequence of work, the use of formwork, etc.
The weight of the newly poured slab should be distributed by formwork to the underlying slabs. Given that this weight is less than the weight of already constructed floors from ordinary concrete, the cost of supporting structures is usually lower.


ACIL Allen Consulting’s economists provide independent analysis of transport and infrastructure options for passengers and freight across all transportation modes.
Pressures on Australia’s transport infrastructure mean that careful analysis is needed to find the best solutions possible with available resources. This requires strategic thinking, problem definition, options analysis, cost benefit analysis, economic analysis, assessment of wider economic impacts, benefits and planning implications, and identification of new funding sources. Consideration should also be given to the long term economic impacts of investments in infrastructure.
ACIL Allen Consulting’s economists provide advice to:
- private and government investors, who seek projects that address transport problems at least cost
- infrastructure managers and transport operators, who seek to meet new demands, to grow their markets, to make the best use of existing assets, and improve efficiency
- governments and regulators, who seek sustainable development while encouraging competition both within modes of transport and between modes of transport, despite the existence of natural monopolies in transport.
Industry sectors in which we have worked include:
- passenger and freight rail, including high speed rail
- maritime and marine
- freight modelling and forecasting
- passenger modelling and forecasting.
How ACIL Allen Consulting can help you
ACIL Allen Consulting combines experience in all transport modes with both broad skills in business strategy and public policy and with technical skills in economics and modelling.
Our capabilities include:
- project evaluation – economic and financial
- economic impact analysis including computable general equilibrium modelling
- risk analysis, and real options analysis of investments subject to uncertainty
- transport strategies
- privatisation, private operation of public transport and toll road concessions, public-private partnerships
- freight demand forecasting, including estimation of mode choice using logit models
- customer surveys and interviews, demand forecasting, market assessments, mode share analysis
- cost and pricing analysis, congestion charging, toll roads
- economic and financial modelling
- regulation, access and competition policy
- micro and macroeconomic impacts of transport taxes, charges, levies and subsidies
- urban form and planning
- environmental implications and other external effects
- insights from other sectors we practise in, especially energy and the environment.
ACIL Allen Consulting's transport consultancy clients are transport users, infrastructure providers, transport operators, banks, engineering companies and government agencies. ACIL Allen has been involved in many of Australia’s significant infrastructure assessments, including Infrastructure Australia’s audit of nationally significant infrastructure, economic analysis of High Speed Rail (phase 2 study) demand projections for the proposed inland freight railway between Melbourne and Brisbane, as well as projections of demand for ports in recent due diligence proceedings.
Our clients include Canberra, NT, Christchurch, Perth airports; ports of Brisbane, Newcastle and Melbourne; Shipping Australia and the Australasian Railway Association; Pacific National, Aurizon, QR National and ARTC; Toll, Veolia, Ventura, Hancock, Cement Australia, BHP Billiton, Rio, MacArthur Coal, Stanwell, AWB, CBH, CSL, Sumitomo, Qube, the Australian Logistics Council and Thiess; Citibank, RBS, NAB and ANZ investment banks; the Commonwealth Department of Infrastructure and Transport, most state transport departments and many other government departments; Infrastructure NSW, Infrastructure Australia and VCEC; economic regulators IPART, QCA, ESC and ERA; AusAID and the World Bank.
For further information about our transport consulting services, please contact Ken Willett


Evolution Energy Partners is Supporting Philly’s Energy Conservation and
Greenhouse Gas Reduction Program
In 2012, Philadelphia joined in with sustainability-focused municipalities across the country and created The Energy Benchmarking and Disclosure Law (Philadelphia Code, Section 9-3402). Since 2012, 27 cities, one county, and three states have established energy benchmarking and transparency requirements covering public, commercial, industrial, and multifamily buildings.
As part of the program, Philadelphia mandated the use of the EPA’s Energy Star and Portfolio Manager to assist with calculating building energy use. As of last year, 320 million square feet of building space conducts mandatory Energy Benchmarking, representing 20 percent of the city’s total square feet of building space.[/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]
Where Are We Now?
Philadelphia’s Municipal Energy Master Plan has a goal of cutting the city’s carbon footprint from municipal buildings by 50 percent and procuring 100 percent clean energy by 2030. Mayor Jim Kenney’s goal is to cut carbon pollution citywide by 80 percent by 2050 and move toward using 100 percent clean energy.
The next step in the city’s ambitious energy conservation program, announced in November 2019 (Bill #190600), is the Building Energy Performance Program. The Building Energy Performance Program mandates that all non-residential buildings, 50,000 square feet and larger, must submit a certification of high energy performance to the Philadelphia Office of Sustainability, or conduct a building energy “tune-up” to increase the energy performance of the building.[/vc_column_text][vc_cta h2=””]
The Building Energy Performance Rule (Philadelphia Code 9-3403) contains a number of important provisions, along with a number of important exemptions:
- Building owners must submit a “building tune-up report”. The tune-up report must summarize energy and water performance issues found by a “qualified tune-up specialist” (licensed P.E. or Certified Energy Manager, CEM), no later than the following schedule:
- September 30, 2021 for buildings 200,000 sq. ft. or larger
- September 30, 2022 for buildings 100,000 sq. ft. or larger
- September 30, 2023 for buildings 70,000 sq. ft. or larger
- September 30, 2024 for buildings between 50,000 and 70,000 sq. ft.
- Each building must then re-submit their “tune-up” report every 5 years.
- Building “tune-ups” must include assessments of certain identified base building systems that use or impact the building’s energy and water use; (e.g. building envelope, heating and ventilation systems, domestic hot water systems, electrical lighting among others).
- The Philadelphia Office of Sustainability will issue regulations, developed in consultation with stakeholders, to further clarify the specific aspects of the building inspection and tune-up process.
If your facility is exempt if it meets the following:
- Received Certified EPA Energy Star Scores of 75 or greater. A qualified energy consultant can conduct an EPA energy benchmark on your building to determine your current EPA Energy Star Certification.
- Completed an energy audit (ASHRAE Level II) and have implemented the “no-cost/low-cost” energy efficiency measures that were identified in the audit to meet the “Tune-Up” requirements.
On 8/24/20, the Office of Sustainability released their Building Tune-Up Regulations for a mandatory 30-day review and comment, after which they will be released in their final form. Evolution Energy Partners was a proud member of the Office of Sustainability’s “work group” that helped develop the draft guidelines. We added our technical expertise, along with our focus on building owner interests and concerns, to help draft regulations that are workable for most buildings.
How Can Building Owners and Operators Best Comply with the Philadelphia Building Energy Performance Rule?
As mentioned above, there are several exemptions to the new City policy that can allow the Building Energy Performance Program to generate potential cash flow and positive savings for a building owner or operator.
Regardless of your strategy to support this pending regulation, as an owner or operator of a 50,000 square foot building in the region, we suggest:
- Review the proposed regulation at http://regulations.phila-records.com/ and submit comments to the city.
- Contact a certified energy consultant to support your building tune up efforts. (The initial Audit and Strategy report should be executed at no cost. If it does, call EEP.)
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Click here to reach out to EEP to define a strategy for your organization that will comply with the Philadelphia Building Tune-up Program.


FM Sylvan has woven quality into the fabric of everything we do. Our reputation for quality is based on more than five decades of serving some of the most quality-focused organizations in the Fortune 500 and beyond.
FM Sylvan 3D Group offers state-the-art 3D laser scanning solutions for piping design. The 3D laser scanning technology captures an accurate layout of the facility, allowing for immediate assessments and efficient modeling. With the point cloud generated by the laser scanning, installation plans such as piping rerouting, part replacement, or new integrations can be completed quickly and effectively.
FM Sylvan 3D Group uses Reflectorless Total Station Technology to scan large facility layouts, capturing billions of points used to generate a point cloud. The point cloud is used to create models and run stress or structural analyses. Laser scanning helps by:
Laser scanning can be utilized for multiple services. It offers a precise means to plan for jobs, understand the scope, and properly orient the team. FM Sylvan 3D Group presents conceptual layouts that give clients a visualization of the work and helps them understand the pricing. Examples of services FM Sylvan 3D Group provides include:


Work completed on active travel route at Coed Melyn
Posted on Wednesday 30th December 2020
Work has recently been completed on creating a new active travel path in Coed Melyn Park.
Newport City Council carried out improvements in the park following on from user feedback about the condition of the existing footpath.
Already a well-used walking route, the path was also identified as a potential off road cycling route from Risca Road through the open space down to Western Avenue.
Funding was secured from Welsh Government to implement enhancements to create an active travel route which resulted in a wider, smoother path surface that benefits users of all abilities.
The construction of the new path surface also incorporated special measures to protect roots of nearby trees.
The low level lighting installed on the path was designed with the environment in mind and to minimise effects on wildlife.
Cllr Roger Jeavons, deputy leader of the council, said “I’m very pleased that we have delivered another active travel route for the residents of Newport.
“We had received some very constructive feedback on the condition of the existing footpath through the park at Coed Melyn, and we have worked not only to remedy those concerns, but also to enhance the path by making it more accessible for all users.
"We are committed as a council to increasing the number of active travel routes across the city, and will be consulting with residents, businesses and community groups in the new year on how and where we can make improvements to the network.”


Reinventing Tower Operations, Engineering & Construction
Telecommunication towers play a critical role in supporting the communications industry. With tens of thousands of assets per country, it is difficult to track what is on each tower, the condition of the infrastructure, and if the available records accurately align with reality.
A digital replication of every tower, associated compound and access road stored in 3D as the “configuration of record” could serve as the baseline for change detection and could serve as the means for accepting all work completed on site.
A new paradigm where every contractor and tower company employee captures 3D information in real time will simplify the management of tower and tower site configurations. No longer would it be necessary to manually maintain and update CAD. No longer would manual effort be required to take photographs and laboriously upload them into systems to accept the work of the contractor. No longer would any carrier interested in co-locating or upgrading their equipment need to refer to a CAD drawing and multiple photos in a file folder to determine the availability of space on the tower or in the compound. No longer would site visits be required to confirm staging areas for materials or equipment, or proximity to rights of ways and easements. Every site visit made today for planning, scoping or preparation could be replaced by the use of remote 3D visualization in the office.
Significant enhancements in four key areas could be realized with the integration of HFL 3D Global Shutter™ into tower operational workflows.
1) Construction managers remotely inspecting contractors’ work in real time while the contractor remains onsite.
2) As-built tower steel mappings at an accuracy of 2 mm would enable significant improvement to modification design and implementation quality, cost and cycle times.
3) As-built antenna and coax loading (in lieu of manually constructed models) would enable more efficient use of a tower’s structural capacity.
4) Auto generation of trouble tickets for tower and site maintenance via Artificial Intelligence algorithms and Machine Learning.


What are the Career Opportunities for Certified Construction Managers?
Explore the following career opportunities if a position in construction management interests you:
A field engineer's main responsibilities include problem solving and efficiency analysis within a project. They have a wide range of specialization options, including construction. Construction field engineers can consult with clients and the engineering team about the requirements of a project, assist in developing fresh designs for substantial projects, and evaluate the systems and building process. To increase effectiveness, they might also review the materials and offer suggestions.
Construction Project Director:
A manager of significant construction projects is a construction project director. All teams and departments, including those led by other construction managers, are under their management. Their responsibilities may also include assigning tasks to various project teams and breaking large projects down into smaller milestones.
A project's daily operations are under the control of a construction superintendent. They frequently oversee construction projects on job sites. Writing cost estimations, making work schedules for the team members, and keeping an eye on the development of the building are typically among their duties. To make sure it complies with safety standards, they might also examine the building's quality.
A construction crew is managed by general contractors, who are industry experts. They might take on residential or industrial construction jobs. Depending on the scope of the project, their duties can vary, but typical ones include overseeing a team of experts on the job site and making sure a building complies with local safety regulations. In addition, they could work with the client to obtain building permits and advance the project.
Environmental specialists known as sustainability consultants assess the energy usage of businesses and offer recommendations. They might contribute to the creation of environmentally friendly buildings while the project is being built. They might counsel clients on environmentally friendly options, look into current building practices, and assess building materials.
A site engineer is a specialist who oversees specific phases of the building process. They must work with surveyor, review the building plans, and make sure the construction project complies with safety requirements and specifications, among other things. Additionally, they might offer clients advice on project designs and job site locations.
Construction managers are experts who supervise the building phase of a project. They might be in charge of ordering supplies, placing material orders, and overseeing the other members of the construction team. They also review local laws and regulations to make sure the team constructs the project safely. They could also bargain prices with subcontractors and provide updates to the customer or project owner.
Construction Project Manager:
A construction project manager is in charge of overseeing a building project at every stage, from the preliminary design to the finished product. Their responsibilities include working with clients to establish project deadlines, overseeing a project budget, selecting team members, and keeping track of development. Additionally, they could create budgets for every aspect of a project, such as the price of the land and marketing.
All the above discussions are associated with CCM certification If you are really interested in a CCM career, then join the CCM course offered by Team Academy, Doha, Qatar. We assure you 100% quality in your CCM course. Our outstanding quality in training makes you stand out as a highly skilled professional.
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If you are planning on doing any structural work during your London house refurbishment, for example building a side extension, a loft conversion or removing a supporting wall, you will need to ensure that the work complies with current building regulations. Your local councils building control team (or a private building control company) can do this for you.
The council will inspect the building works at various stages throughout your house refurbishment. Once the project is complete they will issue a completion certificate, which proves that the works comply with current building regulations. This document is essential when you come to selling your house.
In order for your house refurbishment to comply with building regulations, you may need to employ a structural engineer, he will specify items such as the type of steel beam needed to support a wall, or the depth to which foundations need to be dug and so ensure that your building work is safe. Your councils building control will approve the work done on your house on the basis that a structural engineer has made the calculations based on which alteration work is carried out.


- Ph.D., Civil and Environmental Engineering  (2006–2010)
- M.S., Civil and Environmental Engineering  (2004–2006)
- B.S., National Chung Hsing University, Department of Environmental Engineering  (1998–2002)
- Assistant/Associate Professor Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering  ( Aug, 2015-July 2019)
- Engineer, New Material R&D Dept of CHINA STEEL CORPORATION  (July, 2012-July 2015)
- Postdoctoral Fellow, NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY, Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering  ( Feb, 2012- Jun, 2012)
- Postdoctoral Fellow, Civil and Environmental Engineering  ( Feb, 2010- Feb 2012)
- Water and wastewater treatment and reclamation
- Emerging Contaminants in Drinking Water Distribution System
- Development of reverse electrodialysis (RED)
- Membrane Fouling Diagnosis
- Qualification and quantification of microplastics in water system
- Physical and chemical recycle of thermoplastic polymers
Tran, Q.T.P. and Lin, P.-H.* (2022) "Optimizing the recovery process of ceramic grade calcium fluoride from hydrofluoric/hexafluorosilicic acid wastewater", Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 333. doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.130125. (SCI).
Lin, P.-H.*, Horng, R.-Y., Hsu, S.-F., Chen, S.-S., Ho, C.-H. "A Feasibility Study of Ammonia Recovery from Coking Wastewater by Coupled Operation of a Membrane Contactor and Membrane Distillation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2018. 15(3): p. 441.
Ou, Hsin-Hung, Tran, Quynh Thi Phuong, Lin, P.-H.* "A synergistic effect between gluconate and molybdate on corrosion inhibition of recirculating cooling water systems." Corrosion Science, 2018. 133: p. 231-239.
Chen, H.-J.*, Lin, P.-H., Lin, C.-W., Guo, G.-L., Ma, T.-Y., Lee, M.-S. "A study of simultaneous xylose and glucose biodegradation by Arthrobacter species isolated from soil", Journal of Residuals Science & Technology 2017; 14: 161-170, (SCI).
Yeh, M.-S., Ou, H.-H., Su, Y.-C., and Lin, P.-H.* "Design and Parameter Optimization of a Full-Scale Wastewater Reclamation Plant Including Pretreatment, Electrodialysis Reversal, and Ion Exchange in Steel Manufacturing Processes" Journal of Environmental Engineering, 142(10), 05016003, (SCI).
林伯勳、葉茂淞、李文雄、邱勝雄，(2014) 潤滑油之熱交換設備，中華民國專利新型第 M 480061號。
- Honors and Awards
- Issuing Units
Honors and Awards明志科大環安衛系優良教師提名
Honors and Awards研發論文獎-第14屆台塑關係企業應用技術研討會
Honors and Awards口頭報告傑出獎-工業廢水UF處理系統組塞改善策略建立
Honors and AwardsThe Best Oral Presentation (1st prize), 3rd Annual Graduate
Issuing UnitsSchool of Civil and
Honors and AwardsPostdoctoral Fellowship
Issuing UnitsTaiwanese National Science


EAST GREENACRES IRRIGATION
Post Falls, Idaho
PREAMBLE - Revised 5-01-07
The East Greenacres Irrigation District is a quasi municipality whose primary function is to provide irrigation water to approximately 5,340 acres of irrigable land within the District boundaries at a maximum rate of 6.4 gallons per minute, per acre, during normal years. It is also the function of the District to provide domestic, municipal and industrial water to those within the District boundaries and within the capacity of the system.
Prior to January 1, 1977, the East Greenacres Irrigation District's water supply came from Twin Lakes and it became quite critical in dry years. To minimize irrigation shortages the District maximized the lake's drawdown. This resulted in conflicts between the District and lakeshore homeowners. Litigation between the two parties resulted in a 1969 ruling by the Idaho First District Court that the use of water from Twin Lakes should be limited to a drawdown of four feet. This judgment was upheld by the Idaho Supreme Court in 1970. This reduced the irrigation water supply by about one-half of the average requirement. Under these conditions the Twin Lakes storage would have been depleted by about July 15, and in some years by June.
On the completion of the well complex and pipe distribution system constructed by the United States Bureau of Reclamation, the Irrigation District no longer used Twin Lakes water. This change permits Twin Lakes to be used exclusively for recreation and fish and wildlife enhancement.
Complete District History: Click Here
Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer Overview