On Sunday, PM Modi inaugurated the Sudarshan Setu bridge in Gujarat. This modern cable-stayed bridge spans 2.32 km across the Arabian Sea, connecting two points. Expected to boost transportation and connectivity, the bridge aims to spur socio-economic growth in the area.
The Sudarshan Setu, also called the Okha–Beyt Dwarka Signature Bridge, is a symbol of India’s progress in building infrastructure. It links Beyt Dwarka island in the Gulf of Kutch to Okha, making travel easier in the area.
Table of Contents
Sudarshan Setu; Significance
The bridge was opened on February 25, 2024, marking a huge achievement for India’s infrastructure. It not only helps with travel but also boosts the economy, saves time, and attracts tourists, making life better for people in the area.
The Sudarshan Setu is crucial for pilgrims because it makes traveling between Okha and Bet Dwarka easier, replacing the need for boats. It also boosts business and development in the region and makes commuting simpler for locals and travelers.
Sudarshan Setu : Size and Location:
The Sudarshan Setu stretches for 2,320 meters, making it India’s longest cable-stayed bridge. Its spot over the Arabian Sea in Gujarat makes it an important connection between different parts of the region.
Sudarshan Setu: Construction and Cost-
Sudarshan Setu is built by SP Singla Construction Pvt Ltd. The work on the bridge started on October 7, 2017, and finished on December 10, 2023. It cost ₹979 crore (US$120 million).
Sudarshan Setu: Technical Details:
The Sudarshan Setu is made of concrete and steel and has solar panels on its footpaths, producing one megawatt of electricity. It has four lanes for traffic and 2.50-meter-wide footpaths on each side, fitting smoothly into existing roads.
As a sign of progress, the Sudarshan Setu shows India’s commitment to getting better. As India looks ahead, projects like this one help bring people together and make life better for everyone.


Home >> solar lights pole for parking lot sale by owner car
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Commercial LED solar powered parking lot lighting systems manufactured in the USA by SEPCO providing a great solution for parking lots and car park areas. Each solar lighting system is manufactured to meet the needs of the client and takes into account the local weather and solar insolation.
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Cars to be curbed on CBD streets under new council plan
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There would be fewer cars on major city streets under a new City of Melbourne proposal that would discourage people from driving through the CBD and prioritise pedestrians.
Closing some roads to private vehicles between set times each day and restricting car access to a single direction along others are key proposals in the scheme to make the city more walkable.
More major Melbourne CBD streets could often close to private cars during certain periods, similar to lanes near Swanston Street, under a Melbourne council draft plan.Credit: Chris Hopkins
The Future Streets Framework will be considered by councillors at the Future Melbourne Committee next month, a precursor to community consultation and a formal council vote.
The draft plan proposes creating several “Melbourne Square” streets near train stations that could be fully or partially closed at certain times to non-essential vehicles.
The entirety of Elizabeth Street within the CBD would primarily encourage tram, bicycle, essential vehicle and pedestrian traffic to make the city’s busiest streets more safe and welcoming for walkers.
Sections of Flinders, Spencer, Spring, Collins, Bourke and William streets near transport hubs and prominent civic spots could also block car access to a single direction at times or close entirely for short peak-hour periods, to support more efficient transport interchange and open spaces.
The proposal suggests that greater access to the “Melbourne Square” streets could be provided for loading, while emergency services are deemed essential and could use the streets at all times.
Lord Mayor Sally Capp said projects such as the Metro Tunnel were expected to bring half a million more passengers a week into the city, and the council wanted to prioritise safe pedestrian movement around these transport hubs.
Capp singled out areas near Southern Cross Station and Flinders Street Station, which is close to the future Town Hall station.
“The majority of trips completed within the Hoddle Grid are on foot, so we’re particularly focused on making our streets as safe for pedestrians as possible,” Capp said. “We will continue making Melbourne a more walkable city, which means ensuring pedestrians and cars can safely coexist.”
Melbourne Squares would be “iconic destinations, celebrating the quintessentially Melbourne characteristics of the city” with trams, art and heritage buildings, the proposal said.
The framework released on Friday afternoon acknowledges vehicles that have a city destination can provide an economic contribution to the CBD, but notes that “vehicles that simply travel through the city do not provide a benefit”.
“Pedestrians of all abilities offer the highest economic and environmental return of any transport mode,” the draft framework says.
Victoria Walks executive officer Ben Rossiter said this was the kind of thing the world’s best cities do.
He said the proposal would address tram stops such as Collins Street near Swanston Street, which can be so overcrowded that people can’t move along the platform to catch a tram, particularly disadvantaging the elderly and disabled people.
“Redesigning the streets around trains stations into squares is precisely what needs to happen for the city to function smoothly and work for everyone,” he said. “This is about creating streets where people can walk, talk, stop and play which supports businesses and the city’s economy.”
However, Transport Workers’ Union Victorian assistant secretary Mem Suleyman said limited loading zones and truck access on Exhibition Street due to the City of Melbourne’s bike lanes was already a “debacle” that disrupted delivery drivers.
“It is crucial that any further redevelopment projects for Melbourne streets have at the forefront plans to improve access and safety for essential transport services like the delivery of goods and passenger transport,” she said.
King, Victoria, Lonsdale, Latrobe, Queen, Russell and Exhibition streets would maintain through access for vehicles under the draft plan, which also forms part of the council’s 2030 transport strategy alongside a review of the Melbourne’s “Little” streets and an Elizabeth Street feasibility study.
The “Little” street review released in March found attempts to the turn roads such as Little Collins Street into pedestrian-friendly promenades were failing because motorists refuse to share the busy laneways and obey new speed limits.
In addition to occasionally car-free Melbourne Squares, the draft street plan categorises all CBD streets into one of; city streets with trams (such as part of Flinders Street with high-amenity kerbside space); city streets with buses (such as part of Russell Street which would prioritise bus lanes); city streets with bikes (such as sections of Exhibition Street with widened footpaths); Little streets (such as sections of Flinders Lane with public art); and laneways (such as Degraves Street with outdoor dining).
The framework also includes central (near Flinders Street station), south-east (near Parliament), north (near Flagstaff station), north-east (near Melbourne Central station), south-west (near Southern Cross station) and north-west (near the court precinct) zones that would inform street design.
If endorsed at a June 6 council committee meeting, community consultation on the framework will run from June 7 to July 19 via the city council’s online platform.
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Our commercial roofing team attended a Greater London commercial building to prevent water ingress
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Our planned maintenance team attended a commercial office out of hours in order to relay a new carpet on the stairs and new flooring in entrance hall and bathrooms.
Our plumbing team attended a commercial building in order to adapt existing pipework, install a cold water feed tape and adapt the waste removal pipe in order to allow the installation of a a dishwasher.
Our preventive maintenance team attended a commercial building as a health and safety report had indicated that the roof edging should be increased in height. Using safety harnesses the team dismantled the existing structure and resembled to meet the height requirement.
Our planned maintenance team attended a retail park in response to a health and safety survey which had indicated that vehicle barriers appeared to be damaged and in disrepair. Our team dug out and replaced two barriers, reset three others and painted all including cutting back hedges that obscured.
Our carpentry team attended in order to repair wooden flooring at the request of tenant. It was found that runs were loosely fitted and so were refitted to satisfaction of tenant.


Foundation Waterproofing Services for Raleigh Homes
To ensure the durability and strength of your home’s foundation, it’s essential to consider professional foundation waterproofing services.
By contacting a local foundation waterproofing professional, you can safeguard your property against potential water damage and structural issues.
Don’t wait until problems arise; take proactive steps today to protect your home’s foundation for years to come.
Contact a Local Foundation Waterproofing Pro Today
Considering the importance of maintaining the longevity of your foundation, reaching out to a local foundation waterproofing professional today is a wise decision. These professionals have the expertise and tools to assess your foundation’s needs accurately.
By contacting a local foundation waterproofing pro, you can ensure that your home is protected from water damage, mold, and structural issues. Local experts understand the unique challenges that homes in Raleigh face, making them the best choice for waterproofing services tailored to your area.
Don’t wait until water damage becomes a problem; take proactive steps to safeguard your foundation today. Contacting a local professional will give you peace of mind and help maintain the integrity of your home for years to come.
What is Foundation Waterproofing?
Foundation waterproofing refers to the process of applying protective measures to prevent water from seeping into the foundation of a building. This essential service helps safeguard the structural integrity of the property by keeping moisture out and preventing issues like mold growth or foundation damage.
Below-Grade Foundation Waterproofing
Typically, below-grade foundation waterproofing involves the application of specialized materials to prevent water infiltration into the foundation of a building. This process is crucial for protecting the structural integrity of the foundation and preventing issues such as mold, mildew, and water damage inside the building.
Waterproofing materials like membranes, coatings, and drainage systems are used to create a barrier against water seepage. By ensuring that the foundation is properly waterproofed below ground level, homeowners can safeguard their property against potential water-related problems.
It’s recommended to consult with a professional waterproofing service to assess the specific needs of the foundation and determine the most effective waterproofing solutions for long-term protection.
Signs Your Foundation Needs Waterproofing
If you notice damp spots or musty odors in your home, it may be a sign that your foundation needs waterproofing. Addressing these signs promptly can help prevent further damage and maintain the integrity of your home.
Here are some common indicators that your foundation may require waterproofing:
- Cracks in the foundation walls
- Pooling water around the foundation
- Efflorescence on basement walls
These signs suggest that water is seeping into your foundation, potentially causing structural issues and creating an environment for mold growth. Seeking professional waterproofing services can help protect your home and ensure its longevity.
Benefits of Foundation Waterproofing
Ensuring your home’s foundation is waterproofed can provide peace of mind and safeguard your property against potential water damage. Foundation waterproofing offers various benefits:
- Prevents Structural Damage: Waterproofing helps in maintaining the structural integrity of your home by keeping water out of the foundation.
- Enhances Indoor Air Quality: By preventing moisture from seeping into your home, waterproofing helps in reducing the chances of mold and mildew growth, thereby maintaining a healthier indoor environment.
- Increases Property Value: A waterproofed foundation adds to the overall value of your home, making it more attractive to potential buyers and ensuring long-term protection against water-related issues.
Foundation Waterproofing vs. Damp Proofing
When considering foundation waterproofing versus damp proofing, it’s essential to understand the key differences in their protective capabilities.
Foundation waterproofing is a more comprehensive solution that involves creating a barrier to prevent water infiltration into the foundation walls. This method typically involves the application of specialized coatings or membranes that are designed to keep water out.
On the other hand, damp proofing is a less intensive process that aims to resist moisture but may not fully prevent water penetration during heavy rainfall or flooding. While damp proofing can help control minor moisture issues, it isn’t as effective in extreme conditions.
For long-term protection against water damage, foundation waterproofing is the superior choice for Raleigh homes.
Cons of DIY Foundation Waterproofing
When it comes to waterproofing a foundation, tackling the project yourself may seem like a cost-effective solution. However, there are several drawbacks to consider before embarking on a DIY foundation waterproofing endeavor.
- Limited expertise and experience in waterproofing techniques
- Potential for improper application of waterproofing materials
- Lack of access to professional-grade equipment and tools
Talk to a Local Foundation Waterproofing Expert Today
Seeking advice from a local foundation waterproofing expert is crucial when considering the drawbacks of attempting DIY foundation waterproofing projects.
While the idea of saving money might be tempting, DIY foundation waterproofing can lead to costly mistakes if not done correctly. Without the proper knowledge and experience, individuals may not identify underlying issues such as poor drainage, cracks in the foundation, or the best waterproofing materials for their specific situation.
Moreover, incorrect waterproofing techniques can result in ineffective waterproofing, leading to water damage, mold growth, and structural issues in the long run. Consulting a local foundation waterproofing expert ensures that the job is done right the first time, providing homeowners with peace of mind and a durable waterproofing solution.
Get in touch with us today
Acknowledge the significance of selecting cost-effective yet high-quality services for foundation waterproofing. Our expert team in Raleigh is prepared to assist you with all aspects, whether it involves comprehensive waterproofing or minor adjustments to enhance the durability and protection of your home’s foundation!


The Delta Screw Link by Petzl is a steel triangular maillon.
DECENT FEATURES of the Petzl Delta Screw Link
- When closed with a wrench, it becomes a semi-permanent anchor ring
The SPECS of the Petzl Delta Screw Link
- Major Axis Strength: 25 kN
- Minor Axis Strength: 10 kN
- Weight: 150 g
- Gate Opening: 12 mm
- Other Specification: 10 mm diameter
- Material: Steel
- Case Quantity: 30
- Certification: CE EN 362 type Q
ALL CLIMBING SALES ARE FINAL.


Bachelor of Science Degree | Surveying Management (for Construction and Roadway)
The Bachelor of Science Degree with a major in Surveying Management provides students with a broad base knowledge of the surveying and construction industry combined with a solid general education. Additionally, this degree program delivers instruction in management and surveying for construction industry-specific technical and occupational subjects, such as surveying for route and boundary, platting, and geotechnical technology. Students will gain extensive training in business and management applications as well as law, regulations, planning, design, theory and methods used in the surveying field. Course curriculum includes:
- Fundamentals of Surveying
- Roadway Construction Management
- Building Construction Drawing
- Principles of Management
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Graduates of this program will be prepared for productive management careers in the surveying field with knowledge in surveying, estimating and contracts.
*Residential housing is not available through Everglades University.


Arrowhead Park Development
The land on the south end of Little Lake Butte des Morts now known as Arrowhead Park was deeded to the city of Neenah in 1951 and designated for public recreation use in 1975.
It has been left undeveloped for decades, but was leased out for various industrial uses. The demolition of the steam plant represents the end of that era.
The trail was constructed along the shoreline in 2014, and plans are underway to build two new trestle bridges, completing a trail loop around the Little Lake.
The time to develop Arrowhead Park has finally arrived!


The project developed by the professors of Tempulli “Preliminary analysis of traffic and mobility in the Dardania neighborhood with recommendations” in the capital is almost in its final stage. In addition to parking lots, the Dardania neighborhood is being built with new sidewalks, pedestrian paths and bicycle paths, all thanks to the Municipality of Pristina, which is an investor in this project donated by the Temple. Soon, the vertical signalization will be installed and the directions of movement through the streets of the neighborhood will be determined, which will calm and normalize the traffic, but also the movement of all road users. Dardania will become a model neighborhood for other neighborhoods in the city but also for neighborhoods of other municipalities.
- Date & Time:
- November 19, 2020


The $181,000 STEAP grant is for the design and construction of roadway and parking improvements to the town’s Veterans’ Memorial Park. The project will reconfigure the roadway and create additional parking while improving vehicular and pedestrian safety. The project also includes related site work and landscaping.
“I am very pleased that Governor Malloy has announced the town of Wallingford will be receiving this $181,000 STEAP grant,” Rep. Fritz said. “ STEAP grants enable our small towns to pay for projects that otherwise local officials may not be able to undertake because of the cost. The improvements to the town’s Veteran’s Memorial Park represents an important investment in our community. Plus, my grandchildren enjoy playing in the park.”
State funded STEAP grants provide funds to eligible towns for economic development, community conservation and quality of life projects. To be eligible, a town must have a population of less than 30,000 residents, not be designated as a distressed municipality or a public investment community, and not have an urban center.


The idea of Urban Tribals started when I came across a group of very successful and highly educated families from Mumbai relocating to a rural setting and planning to indulge in organic farming. They had decided to give up their apartments and houses alongwith furniture and other items like TV, refrigerator, microwave ovens, etc in order to reduce their carbon footprint.
I was highly inspired and motivated, somehow moving to a rural setting did not appeal to me. I started seeking ways to pursue a lifestyle in an urban setting with a view to reduce carbon footprint. We were already composting wet waste and a solar water at our home. Then we decided to install solar panels, took steps to conserve more water, recently decided to sell off our two cars, etc, etc.
Was it enough? Can we do more?
This is the thought process behind Urban Tribals, to provide opportunities to citizens who would like to contribute towards climate change in an urban setting where buildings and dwellings will not use concrete, will make use of locally sourced materials using both indigenous & modern low carbon techniques of construction. All energy needs will be sourced through renewables, best practices in waste management and water recycling, shops & other amenities located at walking, cycling distance.
Urban Tribals is about creating compact and inclusive urban clusters, like oases in concrete deserts. Everyone is invited to be part of this movement.
Founder - Urban Tribals
Undertake green field housing & integrated township projects based on our manifesto.
Influence the urban infrastructure development through consultancy projects to achieve net zero targets.
Seek partnership, and affiliations with research institutes, NGO's, municipalities, to promote the creation of sustainable urban clusters across the globe.
Collaborate / partner with other for-profit companies dealing in low carbon construction material, techniques, and urban systems.
Encourage OEMs promoting circular economy for fittings, furniture & household material.
Encourage and provide opportunities to architects and agencies involved in design and construction of low carbon buildings.
We undertake greenfield projects from conception, surveys, design, planning and construction including urban layout and land use.
We offer consulting services through our panel of experts, partners and advisors for urban clusters and integrated township projects.


Beverly-Grant is proud to be serving as the general contractor for the construction of the new Henderson County Innovative High School in Hendersonville, NC. The project will serve as a model of a community, college, and public school system partnership for all North Carolina.
It runs in the family.
Beverly-Grant is a third generation family owned construction firm. Its roots lie in the founding of Grant Construction Company in 1955 by Robert Grant, a local builder. Today, Beverly-Grant, Inc. serves varied clients across the Southeast constructing industry-leading commercial buildings, industrial complexes, and beyond.Learn More
Information and updates on our newest construction projects.
The Twin Creeks Senior Living Facilty is a project slated for 2017. Beverly-Grant will be providing turnkey construction services for a state-of-the-art development that will feature restaurant and gathering space, exercise facilities, 200 private living quarters, and Class-A medical/hospital space.
Beverly-Grant is proud to be a part of their fourth project with Christ School in as many years. The new, 23,000 sf fitness center will include new practice facilities, weight training center, basketball locker rooms, and Hall of Fame foyer.


Why Choose Us
We Put Our Reputation On the Line
When you choose a construction company, you also choose the people behind it. That’s why Maximum Construction Company has become the first choice of customers who expect results!
Since its founding, the family-owned and operated business has become known not just for the quality of our work, but for our honesty, reliability, and strong commitment to total customer satisfaction.
We never start a project until we understand your needs
Our analysis of your needs at the beginning of your project can save substantial time and money over the course of construction.
We offer uncompromising service to all of our clients
Regardless of the size of your project, you can be certain you will receive expert and attentive service every step of the way. From small renovations to expansive new construction, Maximum Construction Company oversees every detail of the entire construction process, from your perspective.
Who We Are?
Shri.T.T Thomas the founder of Glory Constructions started this leading construction company in 1984 in Kannur district.We are very proud of this fact that Mr.T.T Thomas introduced an idea of contract work in the Malabar area through this Glory Constructions . Since we launch our company we are delivering our best in the construction field which completely satisfies our clients. The latest machineries , fully skilled Engineers and labourers are the asset of this company.Glory Constructions is still growing with well established Engineering services and latest Construction Technologies.Now we are gladly informing you that Glory Constructions is one of the top level Construction companies in Malabar regions.


Pdf in this paper, i will be investigating public transportation network of istanbul, specifically buses. The istanbul card is a electronic card that can be topped up with turkish lira. Public road transport in istanbul dates back to 30 august 1869, when a contract to build a tram system in the capital of the ottoman empire was signed. But keep that in mind that only 1st person will be discounted when you make. Apr 10, 2015 public transportation in istanbul the transport system in istanbul is truly a magnificent one, making use of almost every possible form of public transport system that is known to man. In this article ill point out the benefits of using public transportation, when not to use it, and how to pay for it.
Also you can find clues for an easy traveling and instructions about easy ways to go some touristic areas from airports and bus stations bus terminals. Istanbul has an excellent transportation system utilizing almost all the known. There are three main ferry stations on the european side. Istanbul railsystems network map,istanbul rapid transit network map,istanbul metrobus map,departure times of istanbul buses. Pdf istanbul public transportation network analysis. Istanbul s public transport system has been growing rapidly in recent years. You can purchase 1ride, 5ride cards or the istanbulkart. Its an understatement to say that istanbul traffic is a problem. Istanbul public transport map for tram t1, metrobus, funicular. Investment in transport infrastructure, in billion eur total for the period 200620119 in 2014 road 19. Having these card will give you access to all public transport means in istanbul, except private ones. Whether you need tram, funicular, ferry, train or metro maps, tourist maps, monuments maps, neighborhood maps, bike maps and more moovit can help. Istanbul transportation maps turkey travel planner. If you are living in istanbul, it is wise to purchase an istanbulkart istanbul card so you can use it on all public transport.
A study on the effect of transportation systems to the. To investigate fine particulate air pollution generated by public transport and its microenvironment, pm 2. All of these vary in price but all have tokens or ticket fare that have to be paid. Within the confines of the city itself, people can avail a number of different transport options such as ferries, cable cars, funiculars, trams, suburban and. Taxis, airport buses, and public transport services both older airports, but a private transfer is a more pleasant and still economical way to go for many travelers, especially families. I want emails from lonely planet with travel and product information, promotions, advertisements, thirdparty offers, and surveys. All towns and cities have plentiful local buses which are cheap to use. After careful consideration surrounding the covid19 situation, istanbul tourist pass has decided to cease operations from close of business today, 17 march 2020, until midapril. Within the city limits one can ride on buses, metrobuses, subway trains, suburban trains, trams, funiculars, cablecars, ferries, fast ferries, seabuses and seataxis. Therefore the istanbul metro map should be updated often.
Tram the tram is the most comfortable and cheapest way to get to the historic centre of istanbul. In today, there is a need having new solutions for mass transit. Public transportation in istanbul dem turkish center. Kabatas last station, dolmabache palace, ferry docks, findikli, tophane istanbul modern museum, karakoy galata bridge, istanbul tunel, ferry docks, eminonu spice bazaar, rustem pasha mosque, new mosque, ferry docks, sirkeci. Public transport in istanbul city transfer istanbul. Taxis are good transportation to get around istanbul. Besiktas, kabatas currently under construction and. This map can be saved in your phone and its easy to share with friends. Covers the main touristic areas, mostly in the old part of the city.
Iett is going to buy 400 buses which will ease the transportation of istanbul. The public transport network in istanbul runs smoothly and, although it could perhaps benefit from greater frequency, its usually on time. Since istanbul is a huge city and densely populated, sometimes traffic. The istanbul metro has been growing quickly for the last couple of years. Our top priority, as always, is the health and wellbeing of our guests, employees and community. I have decided to put them in one post as to provide a handy guide with our future visitors. Transport tips, transportation, travel tips, trip planning tagged with. The vapur ferry is the best way to get from the european to the asian side or vice versa when the bridge is absolutely full of cars. Public transportation is an important key to improve quality of life for cities. Istanbul rapid transit network offline map in pdf moovit. The result is an illuminating snapshot of the state of practice of bus transport in latin. Istanbul metro and public transport map istanbul travel blog.
Are you visiting istanbul and want to have an offline map to view without internet connectivity. On istanbul forum, we receive many questions related to public transportation. Main istanbul metro, tram and funicular lines for tourists. Your choice of transport will depend on how quickly you want to get from a to b. Roads are always heavily used, and gridlocks are common from 07. Rush hour starts at around 8am and ends 6pm on weekdays, so lots of people commuting to and from work prefer to glide over the bosphorus instead. According to istanbul ulasim, the municipalityowned urban rail operation, with the projects currently under construction and in the design phase, as well as the increasing network effect.
Whether you need tram, funicular, ferry, train or metro maps, tourist. The public transportation in istanbul is an integrated system administrated by the local government. In the course of rapid urban changes taking place in the city of istanbul, public transport undoubtedly represents an important part of the current and future urban development. Public transportation works well, is inexpensive, but at least the tram between. Public transportation in istanbul has improved for the better over the past few years. Taxis, airport buses, and public transport services both older airports, but a private transfer is a more pleasant and still economical way to go. Moreover, its topography makes the development of the public transportation complex istanbul, like rome, was built on seven hills. Istanbul metro, tram and public transport map 2020. The system can only be accessed by using electronic cards. Istanbul cart can be used for all public transportation systems, including iett buses, ferryboats, subway, light metro and trams. Dec 22, 2014 istanbuls future vision and the ongoing projects will, without doubt, be a game changer and increase the modal share of railbased public transport. A lot of people still take taxis to commute between the various points of interest, but its often not the best choice. Personal exposure of commuters in public transport to pm2. Pdf public transport in istanbul german tarik ozel.
Fundamental mobility transformation during the last two decades. Transportation in istanbulistanbul transportation guide. Otherwise, public transportation tickets and tokens can be obtained from ticket automats or from kiosks near major stations. Istanbul rapid transit network moovit has an easytodownload istanbul rapid transit network map, that serves as your offline istanbul tram, funicular, ferry, train or metro map while traveling. Between 2010 and 2020, many new metro lines were put into use. Istanbul public transport guide page 6 rail turkey en. Discover the best transportation in istanbul, turkey. Its been extending to the fringes of both asian and european sides. One from the ataturk ariport to aksaray and one from 4 levent to taksim. Availability when would you like to join in public transport in istanbul check availability. You can purchase a smart ticket for a small deposit.
A case study for i stanbul s ukru i mre a, dilay celebi a a i stanbul technical university, department of management engineering, 34367, i stanbul. May 15, 2020 istanbul has an excellent transportation system utilizing almost all the known forms of public transit. View live timetables of departures from different stops. In order to use all public transportation in istanbul boats, subways, buses. For this reason, it is important to follow the current maps for those who will visit istanbul.
Istanbuls future vision and the ongoing projects will, without doubt, be a game changer and increase the modal share of railbased public transport. To download the map of public transport in istanbul in pdf and jpg, click here. Istanbul pedestrian tips to keep you safe on the road. The tram t1 operates between the old city and modern istanbul. Implementation of metrobus, the first bus rapid transit brt line in istanbul. Borus gave us an excellent overview of istanbul transportation. This makes public transportation a nice alternative. Istanbul public transport guide page 5 rail turkey en. Nevertheless, the biggest portion of city budget is being spent for transportation, and you can reach to many points by public transport. Oct 31, 20 practical information on ticket types you can use for public transportation in istanbul. The new istanbul airport is 83 km 52 miles northwest of sabiha gokcen airport, a drive of more than an hour in light traffic. A study on the effect of transportation systems to the evolution of the city image the case of istanbul efsun ekenyazici guney makale article m cilt vol. Public transport in istanbul turkey travel planner. Moovit has easytodownload transportation maps in pdf format from around the world.
Istanbuls public transport system has been growing rapidly in recent years. Istanbul has an excellent transportation system utilizing almost all the known forms of public transit. Plan your journey in istanbul using public transport, includes all bus, train, metro, boat and tram lines. They are inexpensive, have meters and most of the time easy to find. Public transportation works well, is inexpensive, but at least the tram between zeytinburnu and kabatas is often quite crowded. The high population density and the still unbroken urban growth provide. Major public transport lines for istanbul tourist attractions.
Istanbul transportation map with places of interest istanbul insider. Lessons learned from major bus improvements modernizing. And you would like to see city using public transport, avoiding taxis and traffic jam if possible. There are huge public transport system in turkey such as local buses, taxis, minibuses, tram and metro.
Istanbul has an excellent transportation system utilizing almost all the. Public transportation in istanbul istanbul stretches over 5,000 km. Istanbul metro and tram map pdf 2020 istanbul clues. The guide to istanbuls public transportation system. Transport alliances promoting cooperation and integration to offer a more attractive and efficient public transport this report summarises the development of the german public transport alliance system, the so called verkehrsverbund that is often regarded. Iett istanbul electricity, tramway and tunnel general. Public transportation in istanbul the transport system in istanbul is truly a magnificent one, making use of almost every possible form of public transport system that is known to man. No, instead it only shows the most the important metro, tram, and funicular lines from a. Practical information on ticket types you can use for public transportation in istanbul. Transportation in this crowded, rapid and unplanned grown city is not easy.969 67 1026 1113 917 1234 665 1517 367 361 1315 1248 591 437 252 187 24 7 1500 1480 768 871 86 39 872 483 173 697 513 82


Steel Scaffolding with Folding Unit – The Perfect Solution for Your Construction Needs
“Safety and convenience are paramount in any construction project. With our Steel Scaffolding with Folding Unit, you can ensure a secure and efficient working environment. Order now and experience the difference!”
Why Choose Our Steel Scaffolding with Folding Unit?
1. Adjustable Height
Our steel scaffolding comes with a folding unit that allows for easy height adjustment. With a maximum height of 3mtr, you can easily reach elevated areas without any hassle.
2. Non-Slip Platform
Safety is our top priority. That’s why our scaffolding features a non-slip platform. You can work with confidence, knowing that you have a stable and secure surface beneath your feet.
3. Heavy-Duty Materials
We understand the demands of construction work. That’s why our scaffolding is made from heavy-duty materials that can withstand the toughest conditions. It is built to last, ensuring durability and reliability.
4. Indoor and Outdoor Use
Whether you’re working on an indoor or outdoor project, our steel scaffolding is the perfect solution. Its yellow power coating provides protection against rust and corrosion, making it suitable for any environment.
5. Easy to Maneuver
Mobility is essential in construction. Our scaffolding is equipped with wheels and brakes, allowing you to easily move it around your worksite. You can position it wherever you need it without any difficulty.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What is the size of the scaffolding?
A: The size of our steel scaffolding is 3mtr in height, 70cm in width, and 140cm in length.
Q: What is the weight and loading capacity of the scaffolding?
A: The total weight of the scaffolding is 45kg, and it has a loading capacity of 250kg.
Q: How many levels does the scaffolding have?
A: Our scaffolding has 7 levels for platforms, providing ample space for your construction needs.
When it comes to construction, safety and convenience are of utmost importance. Our Steel Scaffolding with Folding Unit offers the perfect solution for your needs. With adjustable height, non-slip platform, heavy-duty materials, and easy maneuverability, it provides a secure and efficient working environment. Order now and experience the convenience and safety it offers.


You may be aware of the numerous advantages of using safety barriers. However, the specifics on design and proper use are assumed to be known by the experts. Barriers have both short-term and long-term use. From the many types available, how can you tell which barriers best suit your site? Here is a simple guide on the most common types and their uses.
These are arguably the most popular barriers in construction sites, residential areas, and commercial spaces. Concrete makes these barriers very heavy and difficult to move around without using special lifting equipment. They are thus popular for improving security. Concrete barriers are the ideal solution for long term use. They are used to delineate roads and highways.
For private property, concrete jersey barriers serve as a perimeter wall, protectingagainst theft, trespass, and fly-tipping. The types include:
TVCBs: Temporary vertical concrete barriers are low-height concrete barriers that have multiple uses. They are for temporary works such as vehicle security and containment, hostile vehicle mitigation, and flood defence walls.
Lego Blocks: The distinctive feature of these concrete barriers allow interlocking. They are used to make relatively taller barriers.
Jersey Barriers: Jersey barriers are common on highways and roads. Their unique design helps reduce the overall car damage in case of an accident. They are strong and undergo minimum damage in case of an impact. Though heavy-duty, a jersey barrier is easy to install, rearrange or move to another place for use. Apart from highways, they are also ideal for perimeter walls, flood defence, and traffic management.
Other Modified Precast Concrete Barriers: The above barriers can use modification to include wire mesh or fence on top.
These are particularly ideal for construction sites where the extra fence prevents any debris from reaching the public. As a perimeter wall, the added grills act as additional security and can have anti-climb features.
Though not as effective as those made of concrete, they are efficient for light-duty service. Plastic is light-weight thus easy to transport, install and move around. Plastic barriers are not the best for long-term and outdoor activity. The material is easily affected by harsh weather. Plastic barriers can either be:
Water-Filled: after installation, they are filled with water to increase stability. In comparison to concrete barriers, plastic barriers are more visible because they are usually a bright colour.
Sand-Filled: These are similar to water-filled plastic barriers, only that they have a design that requires you to fill them with sand or ballast for more strength.
From the types above, you can now choose the most functional for your situation. You can source barriers by hiring or buying. For either case, ensure that you choose a reputable company. It will help eliminate the possibility of purchasing substandard products. Search the internet to find a list of companies that provide precast barriers in your locality. Finally, get expert advice to figure out how many precast blocks you need and come up with a reliable budget.


Into the darkness we go!!!
The Othello Tunnels consist of five old train tunnels and a series of bridges that cut through solid granite walls and pass over the wild Coquihalla River. There are spectacular viewing opportunities available on the trail, as you meander in and out of the darkened tunnels.
In the early 1900s, the Canadian Pacific Railway decided a route was necessary to link the Kootenay Region with the BC coast by rail. The railway was built over three mountain ranges. In the Coquihalla Gorge, a straight line of tunnels were built through it, which are known now as the Othello Tunnels.
While walking along the trail, it becomes quite evident how much of a challenge it must have been to build a railway through this area. The sheer magnificent granite cliffs that tower 3000 feet, the violent rushing turquoise waters below, and the utter remoteness make it seem incredible that any infrastructure could be built in such an environment. Especially, when construction of this project was over 100-years ago with limited engineering equipment.
Even though the tunnels are an engineering marvel, they do have quite a dark history behind them. The most difficult and dangerous construction jobs were usually given to Chinese labourers to do. Many were unfortunately killed using explosives to blast through sections of the mountains.
The engineer of this railroad, Andrew McCullough was an avid reader of Shakespearean literature. He used character names such as Lear, Jessica, Portia, Iago, Romeo & Juliet to name the stations of the Coquihalla subdivision. The tunnels in the Coquihalla Canyon were near the Othello station, hence the name Othello Tunnels.
The Othello Tunnels are located just outside Hope, BC, in the Coquihalla Provincial Park. Definitely a very interesting photographic find, on our way from the interior of British Columbia back to Vancouver.
Quick Trail Information:
- Closed during the winter months due to unstable conditions, falling rocks and ice.
- Longer loop trail through a forest if you continue on path after the 5th tunnel. Many people just turn around and go back through the tunnels.
Driving Directions: Follow Highway #5 (Coquihalla) north from Hope. Take the Othello Road Exit (#183), crossing underneath the highway and reaching a three-way stop sign. Turn left at the stop sign and follow Othello Road for approximately three kilometers. Immediately before the road starts climbing uphill, turn left on to Tunnels Road and follow it to the entrance of Coquihalla Canyon Provincial Park.
Trail Length: 2.5km (to the end of the 5th tunnel & return)
Time: Approximately 1 hour
Difficulty: Easy - Family Friendly & Dog Friendly (On Leash)
Caution: Some of the tunnel can be quite dark, with uneven footing at times. A headlamp is a great idea for those hesitant of walking in the dark.
DON'T FORGET TO PIN THIS FOR INSPIRATION LATER!


The ability to monitor the stormwater capacity of green roof systems is probably the most important environmental application of sensor networks for green roofs.
Green roofs are designed to capture at least a 1-inch rainfall event, but this capacity is site-specific and should be monitored to ensure the long-term effectiveness of green roofs for this purpose.
Having the capacity to remotely monitor and control irrigations is probably the most important management requirement for most roof top environments, since they are remote (often inaccessible) and plants experience high wind and evaporative losses.
We need to ensure the survival and the capability of green roof plants to reduce the amount of water in green roof substrates between rain events (since this increases the efficiency of green roofs for stormwater mitigation). However, during periods of drought, an automated irrigation system that can irrigate to optimize plant performance is required in many regions around the US. A relatively small investment in this capability could potentially save large plant maintenance and replacement costs during the life of a green roof.


By public transport
The parking terrace of the station is easily accessible by lift or escalator (at the level of the post bus station and the short-term parking).
The Praxiszentrum am Bahnhof is located directly next to the station's short-term parking area and offers sufficient parking space.
Where can I find the Praxiszentrum at the train station?
You will find the Praxiszentrum am Bahnhof on the parking terrace of the Bern railway station, on the same level as the post bus station and the short-term parking


Part of the original Power Station suffered catastrophic failure as a result of fire.
West Tech proposed the purchase of Meekatharra Power Station which had been made redundant in 2015 and installing into the West Island footprint.
West Tech conducted the deconstruction, transportation to Perth and the refurbishment of the equipment.
The station was then transported to Cocos Island were West Tech conducted the installation and commissioning. The Power Station was officially opened by the then Honourable Member Barry Haase in May of 2016.


The Idaho Department of Lands has set a date for public hearings concerning a proposed railroad bridge near Sandpoint.
BNSF Railway Co. has submitted an application to built a train bridge west of the existing bridge across Lake Pend Oreille and Sand Creek.
The two public hearings will occur on May 23, 2018.
The first session will start at 8 a.m. at the Ponderay Events Center (401 Bonner Mall Way, Suite E, Ponderay).
The second session will start at 6 p.m. at the Sandpoint Middle School Gymnasium (310 S. Division, Sandpoint).
The bridge application is available at idl.idaho.gov/lakes-rivers/lake-protection/index.html
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Our Wood Finish aluminium provides the timber look that architects and designers crave where it would usually be impossible.
By utilising a lightweight, non-combustible material such as aluminium, designers can avoid issues such as weight restrictions and fire compliance which can force the sacrifice of the overall design intent.
Below we show you the advantages of aluminium when used as a timber substitute, along with the various options we provide for feature walls, ceilings and facades.
Why use timber look aluminium?
Aluminium offers a huge range of finishes as an interior lining or exterior cladding product, and is often used on applications such as
- Interior walls
- Interior to exterior transitions
- Areas requiring Group 1 rated or non-combustible materials
Along with powder coat and anodised options, timber look options are a popular choice largely due to the following benefits they provide over traditional timber battens and cladding –
- Aluminium is deemed non-combustible and Group 1 compliant
The major factor in why designers and architects will choose to use a timber look aluminium product is to meet fire compliance requirements. Aluminium meets the highest standards of fire compliance and can be used in almost any application.
- Aluminium is stronger
Aluminium is much stronger and resistant to movement when compared to timber. This allows for lengths of up to 6 metres and larger spaces between fixings, minimising visual disruption and allowing for an even faster installation.
- Aluminium lining products weigh less and are far more resistant to movement
Aluminium battens and cladding typically weigh considerably less than timber alternatives, due to the hollow shape of the battens and the reduced thickness of the cladding boards. This means the entire feature wall or ceiling weighs less and requires less structural support.
Timber products can also be susceptible to movement depending on factors like moisture, where aluminium is highly resistant and will not warp or cup like timber can.
- Aluminium requires less maintenance.
When used externally, traditional timber facades typically require maintenance every 6-12 months, which can even include a re-coating depending on the desired outcome. This maintenance schedule can be minimised by using timber look aluminium, as it requires little to no maintenance.
Timber look options
We offer two timber look options for you, Wood Finish Aluminium and a Real Timber Veneer range that allow us to provide the right solution depending on the needs of your project.
Both ranges are manufactured in similar ways, through a process of wrapping aluminium battens in a thin coating. This process takes place in our Australian factory, using the highest quality materials from all over the world. The specially designed wrapping machine glues the coating into place, then uses a series of rollers to ensure a strong connection.
Wood Finish Aluminium
Our range of wood finish aluminium uses a thin vinyl coating which is wrapped around the aluminium battens. Printed on this coating is a photorealistic timber look pattern to provide the timber aesthetic. We offer 10 colours which are based on real timber species, however on request, we can match existing colours or discuss any particular requirements.
- Exterior grade
The biggest advantage of our wood finish aluminium is its ability to be used on interior and exterior applications. The aluminium, the wrap layer and the glue holding them together are all extensively tested to ensure long term performance.
- Highly resistant to fade
When choosing a timber alternative, an important aspect is the coatings ability to retain its colour. Many designers choose timber look aluminium to avoid the natural greying process that timber goes through. Long term testing under simulated weather conditions indicates that our Wood Finish Aluminium is up to 3 times more resistant to fade than other woodgrain powder coat competitors.
“The Wood Finish Aluminium was the right solution for this installation, enabling us to comply with fire compliance requirements. The light weight nature of the aluminium profiles was a key factor in this decision, enabling us to avoid installation additional structure to facilitate the new installations.”
Real Timber Veneer
As the name implies, our Real Timber Veneer uses actual timber in the place of a vinyl wrap or woodgrain powder coat, making it only available for internal applications. The veneer consists of timber sliced down to under 0.5mm thick, then delivered in rolls.
This veneer is then applied to our aluminium battens, blades or cladding using our wrapping machine in our Australian factory. Due to the extra processing involved in using real timber, a smaller range of 4 colours is available in Real Timber Veneer. Some advantages of this timber look option are –
- Natural variation
With any timber alternative, re-creating the natural variation in colour that timber provides is a challenge. The natural features which give timber its characters such as knots and gum veins are difficult to replicate at scale in a repeating pattern. Real Timber Veneer can provide this level of variation by using genuine timber as its coating, often making it indistinguishable from a traditional timber feature wall or ceiling.
- Authentic Material
Many designers try to avoid using materials in their projects which can be seen as inauthentic. Often issues such as fire compliance conflict with this approach, as materials like timber do not meet the fire compliance requirements of a certain area. Our Real Timber Veneer provides the best of both worlds by utilising actual timber as the coating while remaining fire compliant.
- Sustainability Sourced Options
Where sustainability certification is required, our Real Timber Veneer can be sourced while maintaining chain of custody requirements, allowing designers to find a balance between the unique needs of their project.


Scaffolding hire is necessary when height is an issue and safety needs to be improved. There are different types of scaffolding that can be used depending on the type of industrial project that requires this specialised equipment. The type of scaffolding often refers to the way it is used against the structure where it is applied.
The amount of weight that is supported by scaffolding can range depending on type. The right scaffolding hire can make any industrial project simpler and safer:
Scaffolding Hires for Properties
This type of scaffolding is often designed for temporary use alone. This makes it more mobile and allows it to be moved from one location to another with ease. This is not a type of scaffolding that is built to be attached to the structure long-term.
The design and shape of a scaffold for general properties is important. Analysing the location and equipment that will be used on the scaffold is key.
Birdcage Model Scaffolding
This is also a type of scaffold that is referred to as independent. There are normally two different rows of vertical poles that form this specific design. This is a scaffolding type that is reserved for work on one level alone. This means that if you are performing construction to a ceiling, the birdcage model of scaffolding would be ideal.
Assembling and moving this type of scaffolding is possible depending on the overall design. Projects that are contained to one region are most suitable for the use of a birdcage scaffold.
Single Pole Design
This type of scaffolding is exactly what the name alludes to. It has only one pole This means that only one row of standards exists. This type of scaffolding is not designed for use by more than two workers at a time. A project that requires only two individuals to be supported is what this type of scaffolding is intended for.
Suspended Options or Cantilever Types of Scaffolding
For industrial projects that require movement of the scaffolding, there are suspended options. This type can be moved with ease up or down depending on what is required. This is the type that is most often used by window washers for use on structures with many levels.
This is different from a cantilever type of scaffolding that is attached to a structure at one end only. Those on a scaffold that is attached to only one end are often required to wear special harnesses to ensure safety. The type of project will normally decide the scaffolding option that is most suitable for the structure.


New 5.1-magnitude earthquake jolted Taiwan
About 2,000 passengers were delayed after shake
/NOVOSTIVL/ One day after a 5.7-magnitude earthquake jolted Taitung County in Taiwan, another 5.1-magnitude earthquake rocked the same area Thursday morning, delaying trips of about 2,000 passengers who traveled home by train to sweep tombs for the coming Tomb Sweeping Day holiday. This article appeared in the Xinhua.
Taiwan Railways had to slow down seven trains that run between Fuli Station in Hualien County and Shanli Station in Taitung County after the 5.1-magnitude earthquake shook mountainous areas at 9:56 a.m.
No anomalies were found in safety checks on railroad beds, tracks or electric devices along the rail lines, according to Taiwan Railways, which said normal train operations were restored at 11:30 a.m.
Seismic authorities said it's unnecessary for local residents to panic too much in the coming days, as relatively few earthquakes had been recorded in the Central Mountain Range areas, where only 26 earthquakes measuring 5.0 or higher on the Richter scale were recorded since 1973.


Introducing a new consulting firm to meet all of your DDI needs! Advanced Transportation Solutions, LLC was created to provide most transportation engineering and planning services with the added value of innovative solutions for difficult transportation problems. These solutions are very cost effective ways to improve safety and reduce congestion. Advanced Transportation Solutions, LLC uses a more extensive toolbox. The firm's highly qualified talent along with the ability to use the proper techniques to get the most out of each design allows Advanced Transportation Solutions, LLC to develop optimal solutions.
Here's what Advanced Transportation Solutions, LLC can offer for your DDI needs:
- Not sure whether the DDI is a good interchange solution? - Advanced Transportation Solutions, LLC can quickly analyze how good of a fit the DDI can be and what would be best for the situation. Advanced Transportation Solutions, LLC believes that all interchange improvements should at least investigate the DDI as a preliminary alternative due to the many advantages the design has with safety, operations, and cost. The DDI will not always be the right solution, but you may be surprised how often the DDI can work.
- How do I minimize costs with a DDI? - Each interchange location presents its own unique issues, so just cutting and pasting the DDI into a location may not be the most optimal DDI possible. Let Advanced Transportation Solutions, LLC design the DDI to minimize the costs of the DDI without any adverse effects to traffic operations or safety.
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- How do I design the DDI as safe as possible? - Small details can often make a big difference when it comes to designing the safest DDI. Understanding the fundamentals of geometric design along with how drivers behave and the little quirks of the DDI design are major benefits for a safer design. Hire Advanced Transportation Solutions, LLC to help optimize the safety performance of the DDI.
- I just want to learn more about the DDI - Contact Advanced Transportation Solutions, LLC to set up a presentation or seminar at your government agency, consulting firm, school, local professional society, or anywhere else. Presentations or seminars will be custom made to fit your needs and what you want to learn.
- Government Agencies - Government agencies hire Advanced Transportation Solutions, LLC to solve their most difficult transportation issues with cost effective solutions. Advanced Transportation Solutions, LLC has a unique, comprehensive way of addressing transportation issues that will help government agencies save a lot of money while still improving traffic and safety at the same time.
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Rainwater harvesting means collection of rainwater and to store it in different containers applying proper means to keep the water fit for any use.
The rainwater may fall anywhere on the earth, but that must not be allowed to roll or run downwards to get evaporated or to seep into dirt or filth and thus become unfit for use.
The main purpose of keeping the rain water conserved is the ponds, channels, ditches, canals, etc. is to recharge the groundwater with this surplus unused water. This conserved water is lifted up with the help of deep or shallow tube-wells to be used as drinking water or to be used in agriculture.
Uses: The water that collected through rainwater harvesting is used for several purposes.
- This reserved rainwater can be properly filtered and treated to be used as drinking water.
- This water is stored up in ponds, ditches, canals, etc. in the rural areas for using in everyday household chores as well as in agriculture also.
- The subterranean water in some areas are not drinkable due to it’s high arsenic percentage. To mitigate this problem in those areas, rain-water is conserved carefully to be used as the substitute for drinking water.
Methods: There are various methods for Rain water harvesting.
- Water can be stored in a reservoir on or under the surface. The stored up water is later on taken to places with the help of pipe or tube or container.
- Ponds, canals, big ditches or water-courses, etc. in the country-sides are filled up with the rain-water to replenish the subterranean water-storage subsequently.
- Water can be stored in medically treated and carefully built subterranean reservoirs that can be used in emergency.
Category: BlogTagged With: Rainwater Harvesting, Water
Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation and storage of rainwater for reuse on-site, rather than allowing it to run off. Rainwater can be collected from rivers or roofs, and in many places, the water collected is redirected to a deep pit (well, shaft, or borehole), a reservoir with percolation, or collected from dew or fog with nets or other tools. Its uses include water for gardens, livestock, irrigation, domestic use with proper treatment, indoor heating for houses, etc. The harvested water can also be used as drinking water, longer-term storage, and for other purposes such as groundwater recharge.
Rainwater harvesting is one of the simplest and oldest methods of self-supply of water for households usually financed by the user.
Rainwater harvesting provides an independent water supply during regional water restrictions, and in developed countries, is often used to supplement the main supply. It provides water when a drought occurs, can help mitigate flooding of low-lying areas, and reduces demand on wells which may enable groundwater levels to be sustained. It also helps in the availability of potable water, as rainwater is substantially free of salinity and other salts. Application of rainwater harvesting in urban water system provides a substantial benefit for both water supply and wastewater subsystems by reducing the need for clean water in water distribution system, less generated stormwater in sewer system, and a reduction in stormwater runoff polluting freshwater bodies.
A large body of work has focused on the development of lifecycle assessment and lifecycle costing methodologies to assess the level of environmental impacts and money that can be saved by implementing rainwater harvesting systems.
More development and knowledge is required to understand the benefits of rainwater harvesting that can provide to agriculture. Many countries, especially those with arid environments, use rainwater harvesting as a cheap and reliable source of clean water. To enhance irrigation in arid environments, ridges of soil are constructed to trap and prevent rainwater from running down hills and slopes. Even in periods of low rainfall, enough water is collected for crops to grow. Water can be collected from roofs, and dams and ponds can be constructed to hold large quantities of rainwater so that even on days when little to no rainfall occurs, enough is available to irrigate crops.
The concentration of contaminants is reduced significantly by diverting the initial flow of run-off water to waste. Improved water quality can also be obtained by using a floating draw-off mechanism (rather than from the base of the tank) and by using a series of tanks, withdraw from the last in series. Prefiltration is a common practice used in the industry to ensure that the water entering the tank is free of large sediment. Prefiltration is important to keep the system healthy.
Conceptually, a water supply system should match the quality of water with the end use. However, in most of the developed world, high-quality potable water is used for all end uses. This approach wastes money and energy and imposes unnecessary impacts to the environment. Supplying rainwater that has gone through preliminary filtration measures for nonpotable water uses, such as toilet flushing, irrigation and laundry, may be a significant part of a sustainable water management strategy.
Rainwater harvesting systems can range in complexity, from systems that can be installed with minimal skills, to automated systems that require advanced setup and installation. The basic rainwater harvesting system is more of a plumbing job than a technical job, as all the outlets from the building terrace are connected through a pipe to an underground tank that stores water.
Systems are ideally sized to meet the water demand throughout the dry season, since it must be big enough to support daily water consumption. Specifically, the rainfall capturing area such as a building roof must be large enough to maintain adequate flow of water. The water storage tank size should be large enough to contain the captured water.
For low-tech systems, many low-tech methods are used to capture rainwater: rooftop systems, surface water capture, and pumping the rainwater that has already soaked into the ground or captured in reservoirs and storing it in tanks (cisterns).
Before a rainwater harvesting system is built, use of digital tools is useful. For instance, to detect if a region has a high rainwater harvesting potential, rainwater-harvesting GIS maps can be made using an online interactive tool. Or, to estimate how much water is needed to fulfill a community's water needs, the Rain is Gain tool helps. Tools like these can save time and money before a commitment to build a system is undertaken, in addition to making the project sustainable and last a long time.
Lifecycle assessment: design for environment
Contemporary system designs require an analysis of not only the economic and technical performance of a system, but also the environmental performance. Lifecycle assessment is a methodology used to evaluate the environmental impacts of a precut or systems, from cradle-to-grave of its lifetime. Devkota et al., developed such a methodology for rainwater harvesting, and found that the building design (e.g., dimensions) and function (e.g., educational, residential, etc.) play critical roles in the environmental performance of the system. The Economic and Environmental Analysis of Sanitations Technologies, EEAST model evaluates the greenhouse gas emissions and cost of such systems over the lifetime of a variety of building types.
To address the functional parameters of rainwater harvesting systems, a new metric was developed - the demand to supply ratio (D/S) - identifying the ideal building design (supply) and function (demand) in regard to the environmental performance of rainwater harvesting for toilet flushing. With the idea that supply of rainwater not only saves the potable water, but also saves the stormwater entering the combined sewer network (thereby requiring treatment), the savings in environmental emissions were higher if the buildings are connected to a combined sewer network compared to separate one.
Rainwater harvesting by freshwater-flooded forests
Rainwater harvesting is possible by growing freshwater-flooded forests without losing the income from the used, submerged land. The main purpose of the rainwater harvesting is to use the locally available rainwater to meet water requirements throughout the year without the need of huge capital expenditure. This would facilitate the availability of uncontaminated water for domestic, industrial, and irrigation needs.
Rainwater harvesting by solar power panels
Good quality water resource, closer to populated areas, is becoming scarcity and costly for the consumers. In addition to solar energy, rain water is major renewable resource of any land. Vast area is being covered by solar PV panels every year in all parts of the world. Solar panels can also be used for harvesting most of the rain water falling on them and drinking quality water, free from bacteria and suspended matter, can be generated by simple filtration and disinfection processes as rain water is very low in salinity. Exploitation of rain water for value added products like bottled drinking water, makes solar PV power plants profitable even in high rainfall / cloudy areas by the augmented income from value added drinking water generation.
Instead of using the roof for catchment, the RainSaucer, which looks like an upside-down umbrella, collects rain straight from the sky. This decreases the potential for contamination and makes potable water for developing countries a potential application. Other applications of this free-standing rainwater collection approach are sustainable gardening and small-plot farming.
A Dutch invention called the Groasis Waterboxx is also useful for growing trees with harvested and stored dew and rainwater.
Traditionally, stormwater management using detention basins served a single purpose. However, optimized real-time control lets this infrastructure double as a source of rainwater harvesting without compromising the existing detention capacity. This has been used in the EPA headquarters to evacuate stored water prior to storm events, thus reducing wet weather flow while ensuring water availability for later reuse. This has the benefit of increasing water quality released and decreasing the volume of water released during combined sewer overflow events.
Generally, check dams are constructed across the streams to enhance the percolation of surface water into the subsoil strata. The water percolation in the water-impounded area of the check dams can be enhanced artificially manyfold by loosening the subsoil strata and overburden using ANFO explosives as used in open cast mining. Thus, local aquifers can be recharged quickly using the available surface water fully for use in the dry season.
Around the third century BCE, the farming communities in Balochistan (now located in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iran), and Kutch, India, used rainwater harvesting for agriculture and many other uses. In ancient Tamil Nadu , rainwater harvesting was done by Chola kings. Rainwater from the Brihadeeswarar temple (located in Balaganpathy Nagar, Thanjavur, India) was collected in Shivaganga tank. During the later Chola period, the Vīrānam tank was built (1011 to 1037 CE) in Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu state to store water for drinking and irrigation purposes. Vīrānam is a 16-km-long tank with a storage capacity of 1,465,000,000 cu ft (41,500,000 m3).
Though little-known, for centuries, the town of Venice depended on rainwater harvesting. The lagoon which surrounds Venice is brackish water, which is not suitable for drinking. The ancient inhabitants of Venice established a system of rainwater collection which was based on man-made insulated collection wells. Water percolated down the specially designed stone flooring, and was filtered by a layer of sand, then collected at the bottom of the well. Later, as Venice acquired territories on the mainland, it started to import water by boat from local rivers, but the wells remained in use, and were especially important in time of war when access to the mainland water could be blocked by an enemy.
- In China, Argentina, and Brazil, rooftop rainwater harvesting is being practised for providing drinking water, domestic water, water for livestock, water for small irrigation, and a way to replenish groundwater levels. Gansu province in China and semiarid northeast Brazil have the largest rooftop rainwater harvesting projects going on.
- Thailand has the largest fraction of the population in the rural area relying on rainwater harvesting (currently around 40%). Rainwater harvesting was promoted heavily by the government in the 1980s. In the 1990s, after government funding for the collection tanks ran out, the private sector stepped in and provided several million tanks to private households, many of which continue to be used.  This is one of the largest examples of self-supply of water worldwide.
- In Bermuda, the law requires all new construction to include rainwater harvesting adequate for the residents.
- The U.S. Virgin Islands has a similar law.
- In Senegal and Guinea-Bissau, the houses of the Diola-people are frequently equipped with homebrew rainwater harvesters made from local, organic materials.
- In the Irrawaddy Delta of Myanmar, the groundwater is saline and communities rely on mud-lined rainwater ponds to meet their drinking water needs throughout the dry season. Some of these ponds are centuries old and are treated with great reverence and respect.
- In the United States, until 2009 in Colorado, water rights laws almost completely restricted rainwater harvesting; a property owner who captured rainwater was deemed to be stealing it from those who have rights to take water from the watershed. Now, residential well owners who meet certain criteria may obtain a permit to install a rooftop precipitation collection system (SB 09-080). Up to 10 large scale pilot studies may also be permitted (HB 09-1129). The main factor in persuading the Colorado Legislature to change the law was a 2007 study that found that in an average year, 97% of the precipitation that fell in Douglas County, in the southern suburbs of Denver, never reached a stream—it was used by plants or evaporated on the ground. In Colorado, one cannot even drill a water well on properties less than 35 acres (14 ha). Rainwater catchment is mandatory for new dwellings in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Texas offers a sales tax exemption on the purchase of rainwater harvesting equipment. Both Texas and Ohio allow the practice even for potable purposes. Oklahoma passed the Water for 2060 Act in 2012, to promote pilot projects for rainwater and graywater use among other water-saving techniques.
- In Beijing, some housing societies are now adding rainwater in their main water sources after proper treatment.
- In Ireland, Professor Micheal Mcginley established a project to design a rainwater harvesting prototype in the biosystems design challenge module at University College Dublin
Main article: Rainwater harvesting in Canada
A number of Canadians have started implementing rainwater harvesting systems for use in stormwater reduction, irrigation, laundry, and lavatory plumbing. Substantial reform to Canadian law since the mid-2000s has increased the use of this technology in agricultural, industrial, and residential use, but ambiguity remains amongst legislation in many provinces. Bylaws and local municipal codes often regulate rainwater harvesting.
- Pan India Potential: No authenticated potential of rainwater harvesting has been assessed in India.
- In Andhra Pradesh, the groundwater table is generally below 7 meters from the ground level. By various methods of rainwater harvesting, if the ground water table is raised by 4 meters by using the adequate rainfall available during the monsoon season, crops can be grown through out the year using the ground water without facing water shortage.
- Tamil Nadu was the first state to make rainwater harvesting compulsory for every building to avoid groundwater depletion. The scheme was launched in 2001 and has been implemented in all rural areas of Tamil Nadu. Posters all over Tamil Nadu including rural areas create awareness about harvesting rainwater TN Govt site. It gave excellent results within five years, and slowly every state took it as a role model. Since its implementation, Chennai had a 50% rise in water level in five years and the water quality significantly improved.
- Karnataka: In Bangalore, adoption of rainwater harvesting is mandatory for every owner or the occupier of a building having the site area measuring 60 ft (18.3 m) X 40 ft (12.2 m) and above and for newly constructed building measuring 30 ft (9.1 m) X 40 ft (12.2 m) and above dimensions. In this regard, Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board has initiated and constructed “Rain Water Harvesting Theme Park” in the name of Sir M. Visvesvaraya in 1.2 acres (4,900 m2) of land situated at Jayanagar, Bangalore. In this park, 26 different type of rainwater harvesting models are demonstrated along with the water conservation tips. The auditorium on the first floor is set up with a "green" air conditioning system and will be used to arrange the meeting and showing of a video clip about the rainwater harvesting to students and general public. An attempt has been made at the Department of Chemical Engineering, IISc, Bangalore to harvest rainwater using upper surface of a solar still, which was used for water distillation
- In Rajasthan, rainwater harvesting has traditionally been practised by the people of the Thar Desert. Many ancient water harvesting systems in Rajasthan have now been revived. Water harvesting systems are widely used in other areas of Rajasthan, as well, for example the chauka system from the Jaipur district.
Main article: Rainwater harvesting in Kerala
- Maharashtra: At present, in Pune, rainwater harvesting is compulsory for any new housing society to be registered.
- In Mumbai, Maharashtra, rainwater harvesting is being considered as a good solution to solve the water crisis.
The Mumbai City council is planning to make rainwater harvesting mandatory for large societies.
The Southwest Center for the Study of Hospital and Healthcare Systems in cooperation with Rotary International is sponsoring a rainwater harvesting model program across the country. The first rainwater catchment system was installed at an elementary school in Lod, Israel. The project is looking to expand to Haifa in its third phase. The Southwest Center has also partnered with the Water Resources Action Project of Washington, DC, which currently has rainwater harvesting projects in the West Bank. Rainwater harvesting systems are being installed in local schools for the purpose of educating schoolchildren about water conservation principles and bridging divides between people of different religious and ethnic backgrounds, all while addressing the water scarcity issue that the Middle East faces.
Although New Zealand has plentiful rainfall in the West and South, for much of the country, rainwater harvesting is the normal practice for most rural housing and is encouraged by most councils.
Rainwater harvesting has been a popular method of obtaining water for agriculture and for drinking purposes in rural homes. The legislation to promote rainwater harvesting was enacted through the Urban Development Authority (Amendment) Act, No. 36 of 2007. Lanka rainwater harvesting forum is leading the Sri Lanka's initiative.
The South African Water Research Commission has supported research into rainwater harvesting. Reports on this research are available on their 'Knowledge Hub'. Studies in arid, semiarid, and humid regions have confirmed that techniques such as mulching, pitting, ridging, and modified run-on plots are effective for small-scale crop production.
Main article: Rainwater harvesting in the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, water butts are often found in domestic gardens and on allotments to collect rainwater, which is then used to water the garden. However, the British government's Code For Sustainable Homes encouraged fitting large underground tanks to newly built homes to collect rainwater for flushing toilets, watering, and washing. Ideal designs had the potential to reduce demand on mains water supply by half. The code was revoked in 2015.
- In 1992, American artist Michael Jones McKean created an artwork in Omaha, Nebraska, at the Bemis Center for Contemporary Art that created a fully sustainable rainbow in the Omaha skyline. The project collected thousands of gallons of rainwater, storing the water in six daisy-chained 12,000 gallons tanks. The massive logistical undertaking, during its five-month span, was one of the largest urban rainwater harvesting sites in the American Midwest.
- ^Rural Water Supply Network. "Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site". www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply. Retrieved 2017-03-19.
- ^Behzadian, k; Kapelan, Z (2015). "Advantages of integrated and sustainability based assessment for metabolism based strategic planning of urban water systems". Science of The Total Environment. Elsevier. 527-528: 220–231. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.097.
- ^Zhu, Qiang; et al. (2015). Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture and Water Supply. Beijing: Springer. p. 20. ISBN 978-981-287-964-6.
- ^ abhttp://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8
- ^New Scientist, 3 April 1999
- ^Devkota, J.; Schlachter, H.; Anand, C.; Phillips, R.; Apul, Defne (November 2013). "Development and application of EEAST: A lifecycle-based model for use of harvested rainwater and composting toilets in buildings". Journal of Environmental Management. 130: 397–404. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.09.015.
- ^ abDevkota, Jay; Schlachter, Hannah; Apul, Defne (May 2015). "Life cycle based evaluation of harvested rainwater use in toilets and for irrigation". Journal of Cleaner Production. 95: 311–321. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.021.
- ^Rainwater harvesting by fresh water flooded forests
- ^"Rain fed solar powered water purification systems". Retrieved 21 October 2017.
- ^"Inverted Umbrella Brings Clean Water & Clean Power To India". Retrieved 5 December 2017.
- ^"New rooftop solar hydropanels harvest drinking water and energy at the same time". Retrieved 2017-11-30.
- ^"Harvesting rainwater for more than greywater". SmartPlanet. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
- ^Kumar, Ro. "Collect up to 10 gallons of water per inch of rain with Rainsaucers' latest standalone rainwater catchment". LocalBlu. Archived from the original on 17 December 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
- ^"Rainwater Harvesting - Controls in the Cloud". SmartPlanet. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
- ^O'Brien, Sara Ashley. "The Tech Behind Smart Cities - Eliminating Water Pollution". CNN Money. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
- ^Braga, Andrea. "Making Green Work, and Work Harder"(PDF). Geosyntec. p. 5. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
- ^"Rain water Harvesting". Tamil Nadu State Government, India. Retrieved 23 January 2012.
- ^"Believes in past, lives in future". The Hindu. India. 17 July 2010.
- ^"Rare Chola inscription found near Big Temple". The Hindu. India. 24 August 2003.
- ^"Venetian wells".
- ^JMP (2016). "Joint Monitoring Programme Thailand Data". Retrieved 2017-03-13.
- ^Saladin, Matthias (2016). "Rainwater Harvesting in Thailand - learning from the World Champions". Retrieved 2017-03-13.
- ^Harry Low (December 23, 2016). "Why houses in Bermuda have white stepped roofs". BBC News. Retrieved 2016-12-23.
- ^"Rainwater Collection in Colorado"(PDF). Colorado water law, notices. Colorado Division of Water Resources. Retrieved 2012-03-24.
- ^"Criteria and Guidelines for the "Rainwater Harvesting""(PDF). Pilot Project Program. Colorado Water Conservation Board (CWCB). January 28, 2010. Retrieved 2012-03-24.
- ^Johnson, Kirk (June 28, 2009). "It's Now Legal to Catch a Raindrop in Colorado". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
- ^"82(R) H.B. No. 3391. Act relating to rainwater harvesting and other water conservation initiatives. † went into effect on September 1, 2011". 82nd Regular Session. Texas Legislature Online. Retrieved 8 February 2013.
- ^"State Rainwater Harvesting Statutes, Programs and Legislation". NCSL. Retrieved 7 February 2013.
- ^"Tamil Nadu praised as role model for Rainwater Harvesting". Hindu.com. 2011-09-29. Retrieved 2012-03-24.
- ^"Rain Water Harvesting BWSSB - Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board". bwssb.gov.in.
- ^Anjaneyulu, L.; Kumar, E. Arun; Sankannavar, Ravi; Rao, K. Kesava (13 June 2012). "Defluoridation of Drinking Water and Rainwater Harvesting Using a Solar Still". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 51 (23): 8040–8048. doi:10.1021/ie201692q.
- ^"Ancient water harvesting systems in Rajasthan". Rainwaterharvesting.org. Retrieved 2012-03-24.
- ^"Chauka System". rainwaterharvesting.org: technology: rural: improvised. Centre for Science and Environment. Retrieved 2013-10-23.
- ^"Rainwater tanks". Greater Wellington Regional Council. 28 April 2016. Archived from the original on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
- ^"Parliament Of The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka"(PDF).
- ^"Lanka Rain Water Harvesting forum (LRWHF)".
- ^"Rainwater harvesting". www.wrc.org.za. South African Water Research Commission. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
- ^Everson C, Everson TM, Modi AT, Csiwila D, Fanadzo M, Naiken V, Auerbach RM, Moodley M, Mtshali SM, Dladla R (2011). Sustainable techniques and practices for water harvesting and conservation and their effective application in resource-poor agricultural production through participatory adaptive research : report to the Water Research Commission(PDF). Gezina [South Africa]: Water Research Commission. p. 89. ISBN 978-1-4312-0185-3. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
- ^"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-12-07. Retrieved 2013-12-17.


HATS is your turnkey solution for all your building services
Welcome to Hassan Ansari Technical Services
Hasan Ansari Technical Services (HATS) is a registered company established in Dubai in 2006 and since then has been actively focusing Screed along with Ceramic Tiles, Block Works, Plastering and demolishing small structures in the UAE. Our team of specialists can help and assist you in finding theright solution for your project and deliver you with top quality workmanship. Hassan Ansari Technical Services is a Construction Company which provides professional services on construction and engineering sector. HAT's provides and implements innovative concepts in the areas of planning, engineering design and analysis, integrated logistics support and project management.
When you choose Hasan Ansari Technical Services, you are guaranteed to get excellent site supervision and quality control in timely manner. Our services aim to fulfill the specific requirements of the client, with whom we would expect to be a responsible and equivalent partner. Our reputation is one where we are considered to be reliable partners in completing Complex & Challenging Projects with Critical Time Lines.


The Ind. 135 pavement project through Morgantown will resume next week. The work will include full- and partial-depth asphalt, starting at the railroad tracks on the east side and continuing to the iron bridge south of town.
An updated schedule calls for surface milling on July 19 and 22, Ind. 135 mainline paving on July 23 and approach paving on July 24. Residents are being asked by the Indiana Department of Transportation to not park along the Ind. 135 route on July 23 and 24.


Electricity, Water Supply : Government Efforts Presented In Parliament
The Minister of Water Resources and Energy, Gaston Eloundou Essomba during a special plenary sitting of the National Assembly explained actions to tackle water and electricity supply challenges.
Members of Cameroon’s National Assembly during a special plenary sitting of the House on June 28, 2021 asked a series to questions to the Minister of Water Resources and Energy, Gaston Eloundou Essomba on what government was doing to tackle the teething problems of water and electricity supply in the country. The Speaker of the National Assembly, Hon. Cavaye Yeguie Djibril chaired the plenary sitting.
Actions in Electricity Supply
To boost electricity supply in the Northern interconnection network that concerns the Adamawa, North and Far North Regions, he cited the dismantling of 27 generators from the Ahala power station in Yaounde to Ngaoundere, Garoua and Maroua power plants. A solar energy power supply project is on course with HUAWEI to electrify 1,000 localities around Lagdo and another with the Maroua Guider Solar Company. Government has also initiated the Bini à Warak dam project that will produce 75MW of energy to supplement power from the Lagdo Dam, mini dam in Mbakaou to produce 1.2 MW. In the long term, there will be the interconnection project between the southern and northern networks from the Nachtigal hydroelectric dam that is expected to be functional in March 2024.
Concerning the Eastern electricity interconnection network that concerns only the East Region, he said in the 12 coming months, the first turbines from the Lom-Pangar dam project will go operational and will supply 7.5MW of energy, while waiting for the three others to go operational progressively by June 2022 and will boost energy supply by 30MW. Electricity will also be transported from Ahala in Yaounde to Abong Mbang thereby connecting the southern network to the East expected in December 2021. Within the framework of the Lom-Pangar project, Electricity Development Corporation will electrify 150 localities in the East Region.
With regard to Southern interconnection...


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Our Pre-Drywall Inspection service evaluates the construction quality and compliance of your property before drywall installation. Our experts assess critical components, uncover hidden issues, and provide valuable insights during the construction phase. We ensure industry standards, code compliance, and design specifications are met, allowing for timely corrections and peace of mind. Trust us to ensure the quality and integrity of your new home.
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BY KATIE MAPES
Construction on the Northwest Corner Project is proceeding apace, Mark Johnson, Harvard’s Director of Major Capital Projects and Physical Planning, told students at a town-hall style meeting on Tuesday, February 19. Johnson praised the project’s architectural firm, Robert A.M. Stern Architects, LLP, and showed a number of computer generated images projecting both the interior and exterior of the completed project.
The Northwest Corner Project, when completed, will front on Massachusetts Ave. and Everett St., and connect to both Pound Hall and Harkness Commons. It will contain classrooms, student organization offices, student services, clinical programs, and a new pub, meant particularly to take some of the strain of other dining facilities. The project also includes a 700-space parking underground garage meant to compensate for the destruction of the Everett Street lot. The project is scheduled to be completed by 2011. In the meantime, the law school hopes to minimize the effects of construction on the student population.
Johnson discussed several particular features of the new project. For instance, the project is certified by the United States Green Building Council as part of their LEED – or Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design – Green Rating System, a program which certifies both new construction and existing projects based on environmentally friendly design features they incorporate.
Similarly, two of the classrooms in the new building – both mid-sized lecture halls – are designed both to minimize the space between students in the back rows and the instructor and to facilitate group work and discussion between students.
Johnson also addressed the two Victorian-era houses that had been located on Massachusetts Avenue next to Pound Hall and which were moved last summer up the street and placed near North Hall. The houses will be remodeled back into living space and become dorms and apartments. Johnson argued that the houses are actually more architecturally congruent in their new location – which is in the midst of similar houses owned by Lesley University and local residents – than they were previously.
Finally, Johnson discussed the “top-down” construction method being used to construct the new building. In order to stabilize the building’s underground levels, support walls are constructed first, followed by the construction of the roof slab. Finally, the interior of the structure is excavated with the support already in place.
Students concerned about construction can find periodic updates on the Harvard Construction Mitigation website, at http://www.construction.harvard.edu. They can also call the construction mitigation hotline at 617-496-0857, or e-mail firstname.lastname@example.org. After hours phone calls about construction related emergencies should be directed to 617-495-5560.


Client Oakmayne acquired a 1.25 acre site wedged between the Elephant and Castle mainline railway station and the Heygate Estate, which is in course of redevelopment under Southwarks masterplan for regeneration of the area.
PKS radically transformed the scheme from the outline masterplan proposal of a mid rise courtyard block into a group of three towers ranging from 15 to 24 storeys, providing 243 student rooms and 312 apartments over a 50,000 sq ft commercial plinth including multiscreen cinema with retail space and restaurants overlooking a new market square.
Each tower has a distinct architectural treatment based on use and relationship with the surroundings. Each tower rises directly from the ground embracing the commercial plinth at the centre with shared roof gardens above.
Planning consent for the scheme was secured in 2008. The project was substantially revised by the executive architects and is now in construction.


Technical specifications. A complete series of technical sheets - according to the 2004/108/CE, 2006/95/CE and 93/68 - showing all the constructional data of Goccia fittings, including specifications, dimensions, interdistances and approvals, is available from the Goccia Technical Department.
Every technical sheet indicates:
- Description of the product
- Lighting sources
- Dimensional drawings
- Diagram of illuminance.